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The People's Republic of China
ErLan Hydroelectric Development Corporation
Ertan Hydroelectric Project
Environmental Assessment and
Resettlement
(FINAL REPORT
Decernhcr. I 00Q4
C,.e=49h s. ieiii ;nss-vlonand Desi--isp .................  Chez_gdu. Sichuan. P,(C .....!
SICeLian Prow incial Resettlement Agenes. Cheneou. s.LuarI. PRC
Ernan Hydroelectric Development Corporatio;. l,anzauhua. Sichuan. PRC
Chengdu. Sichuan. PR China



List of Preparers:
Harza Engineering Company International, L.P.:
Mr. John R. Bizer, PhD,                                  .  Senior Biologist
Mr. Anthony Whiuen, PhD,                                    Senior Biologist
Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute:
Mr. Shi Shuzi                 Deputy Head, Planning Department, Sr. Economist
Mr. Liu Zhenhai                             Engineer in Charge, Meteorologist
Mr. Yi Weiqj                           Head, Environmental Section, Ecologist
Mr. Cao Iianxiang                   Head,Sediment Section, Sediment Specialist
Mr. Chen Guochun           Deputy Head, Hydrological Section, Hydro. Specialist
Mr. Bai Chunfeng                                          Senior Economist
Mr. Rao Zhongli                                       Resettlement Specialist
Ms. Shu Zepimg                           Environmental Engineering Specialist
Ms. Wang Xueqin                                     Environmental Specialist
Ms. Jiang Hong                       *      Environmenul-hydraulic Specialist
Mr. Liang Ruijing                                               Interpreter
Sichuan Provincial Resettlement Agency:
Mr. Chen Zongyi                       Head, No.3 Department, Senior Engineer
Ms. Li Hongmei                                           Engineer, Chemist
Ertan Hydroelectric Development Corporation
Mr. Wang Keming                                      Deputy Chief Engineer
Mr. Cui Zijun                    Head, Adminitration Department, Sr. Engineer
Mr. Chen Xiumei                                            Senior Envineer
Mr. Su Zhou                                                Senior Envineer
Mr. Li Renlun                        Head, Planning Department. Sr. Engineer



LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1:   Basic Structure of Common Energy Resources in Sichuan Province
(1992)                                                         1.4
Table 1.2:   Comparison of Capital Investment and Annual Operating Costs of a
2860 MW Thermal Plant with the 3,300 MW Ertan Project          1.5
Table 1.3:   Estimated pollutants generated from burning of 9.04 million Tons of
coal annually at a thermal generating project                  1.6
Table 1.4   Stadstical Comparison of Ertan Hydroelectric Projects with
Comparable Projects Thoughout the World                        1.8
Table 4.1:   Summary of Meteorological Data Characterizing the Climate of the
Yalong River Catchment
4.6
Table 4.2:   Average and Extreme Discharges Measured at Yanbian Station on
Ganvu River                                                  4.17
Table 4.3:   Industrial Water ConsumpLion and Discharge Rates and Major
Pollutants in Area of Ertan Reservoir
4.22
Table 4.4:   Water quality characteristics of the Yalong River at the Xiaodeshi
Gaging Station (1973-1979, 1981)                             4.26
Table 4.5:   Monthly Average Water Quality Values at Xiaodeshi Gaueing
Station in 1989 and 1990                                     4.29
Table 4.6:   Longirudinal profile of water qualitv parameters in Y'along River
from Gabiao to Tongzilin                                     4.31
Table 4.7:   Summarv of water qualitv data from linsha River Upstream and
downstream from Yalong confluence                              _ 8z
Table 4.8:   Restricted-range birds of the broad-leaved 'South Chinese
Forests-                                                     4 
Table 4.9:   Survev of Land Uses in Yalone River Basin in Ertar Reservoir
Area                                                         4.61
Table 4.10:  Trends in Fnrest Cover, 1960-1980                            4.61
Table 4.11:  Industries Located in the Eran Reservoir Area                4.65
Table 4.12: Socioeconomic Conditions in 1985 for the Five Counties t.fiected
bv the Reservoir                                             4.68



Ertan Hydroelectric Project
Environmental Assessment and Resettlement
(FINAL REPORT)
TABLE OF CONTENTS-
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION    ......................................... 1.1
1.1.   History of the Project ............................      .1.1
1.2. Justification of the Project.                                                 1.2
1.3. Analysis of Alternative Energy Sources .1.3
1.4.   Comparison with Other Major Intenational Hydroelectric Projects ... 1.7
1.5. History of the Environmental Assessment .1.8
1.6. Introduction to This Study ...........                                        1.9
2.     PROJECT IESCRIPTION ...............................2.1
2.1.   General Project Description ........................... 2.1
2.2. Physical Plant ................... 2.4
2.3. Reservoir ................... 2.10
2.4.   Construction Methods .............................. 2.11
2.5.   Project Operation .2..    .... 2115
2.6.   Trnsmission Line and Substaions ..........  ............  16
2.7.   Cost Summary .................................. 2.16
3.  POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRAnVE FRAMEWORK ..3.1
3.1.   Environmental Protection  ............................ 3. 
3.2. Resetlement ........................                                          3.8
4.     BASELINE CONDMTONS ................................ 1
4.1.   Physical Geography ................................ 4.1
4.2.   BiogeDgraphy ......................................;
4.3.   The Aquatic System  ................................ 4.9
4.4.   Terrestrial Vegetation, Wildlife and Biodiversiiv  ...........         ... I.- l
4.5.   Socio-economic Environment ...................                            .  4.5
5.     ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ........ ........ .                            .   ....... 5.1
5.1.   Environmental Benefits    .. ................                     ....  ..
5.2.   Aquatic Impacts and Mitueation ..............             .  .  .  .  ... 5.t
5.3.   Terrestral lmpacts and Mitication  ...............  .......                c 4
5.4.   Socio-economic Impacts and Miuggation ........               ...........  .49
5.5.   Construction Impacts and Mitigation ..........            ........... 5.63
5.6.   Transmission Line Effects and Mitigation .................. 5.69
6.  RESETTLEMENT AND SOCIAL ISSUES                                    .         .         6 .1
6.1.   National Resettlement Policies ......................... 6.1
6.2.   Characteristics of Resettdemen: Areas ....... ............. 6.1
6.3.   Socioeconomic Profile in Areas to B; Inundated  ... ........... 6.4
6.4.   Consulmtion Process ............................... 5
6.5.   Institutional Arrangemen   ............................ 6.7



LIST OF FIGULRES
Figure 1.1:  Relaaionshijp between installed capacity and cost per kW for 49
projects in Sichuan Province.(CHIDI, 1994).                   1.7
Figure 2.1:  Location of Ertan Hydroelectric Project on Yalong River in
Southwestern Sichuan.                                         2.2
Figure 2.2:  Comprehensive Development Plan for Lower Yalong River
Involving 11 Hydroelectric Projects.                          2.3
Figure 2.3:  Layout of Ertan Hydroelectric Project Facilities.            2.5
Figure 2.4:  Elevation-and Longitudinal Section through Ertan Dam Depicting
Dam, Spillways and Plunge Pool.                               2.6
Figure 2.5:  Section Through Underground Power Station for Ertan Project
Depicting Intake, Penstock, Underground Chambers, and Tailrace
Tunnels.                                                      2.9
Figure 4.1:  The Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River and its tributaries, including the
Yalong River (in bold) and the locations of the E-. znad Gezhouba
hydroelectric projects.                                       4.2
Figure 4.2:  Yalong River watershed within Sichuan Province: Drainage area of
Ertan Hydroelectric Project.                                  4.3
Figure 4.3:  Relief map of Yalong River Basin in Southwest Sichuan Province,
China.                                                        4.4
Figure 4.4:  Locations of Known Geologic Faults in the V'iclnitv of Eran Project
and Locations of Seismic Monitoring Stations.                 4.S
Figure 4.5:  Biounits of western Sichuan.                                4 1':
Figure 4,6:  Locations of Hydrologic. Water Qualitv and Mkc;eomlogizal
Monitoring Stations in the Yalong River Basin.               4.1
Figure 4.7:  Average Monthlv Discharge at Waii, Luning and Xiaodeshi
Hydrologic Gauging Stations on Yalong River.                4.1.2
Figure 4.8:  Flow Regime Representing High Flow Year in Yalong River
(Measurad at Xiaodeshi Gagging Station).                     4. 3
Figure 4.9:  Flow! Regime Representing a Norna! Year in Yalong Piver
(Measured at Xiaodeshi Gaging Station).                     4. .



*  Figure 4.26: Yi Woman Herding Goats.                                      4.70
Figure 4.27: Distribution of Schistosomiasis Disease Vectors in Yanbian County
(Panzhihua Health Bureau, 1993).                   .         4.74
Figure 5.1:  Representative Water Levels in the Ertan Reservoir through Five
Years of Operation (Based on the 1961-1965 Flow Regimes).     5.8
Figure 5.2:  Effect of Daily Flow Fluctuation at Six Locations Downstream from
-     Ertan Dam.      -                                             5.12
Figure 5.3:  Longitudinal Profile of Sediment Accumulation in Ermn
*     Reservoir                                                    5.15
Figure 5.4:  Longitudinal Profile of Sediment Accumulation in Ganyu Arm of
Ertan Reservoir                                              5.16
Figure 5.5:  Locations of proposed fish harvest facilities on Ertan Reservoir and
Ganyu Arm.                                                   5.39
Figure 5.6:  Schematic diagram of trammel and trap net deployment for fish
harvest.                                                     5.40
Figure 5.7:  Distribution of Drawdown Areas for Development in the Ganvu
Arm.                                                         5.57
Figure 6.1:  The Hongge Resettlement Area.                                6.3
Figure 7.1:  Administrative framework for Ertan Environmenal Monitoring
Program                                                      7.13



Chapter 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. History of the Project
The hydropower potential of the lower Yalong River was recognized in the early 1950s, but
detailed geological investigations did not begin until 1973. In 1980, a wide range of studies
was initiated by Sichuan Provincial authorities to assess the feasibility of a hydroelectric dam
at Ertan, near the mouth of the Yalong, and in early 1984 a feasibility report was submitted
to the Stame Planning Commission. One response to the report was that it was necessary to
undenake detailed planning for the resettlement of people whose homes and lands were to
be inundated.
The World Bank was approached by the Chinese government in 1987 with a view to solicit
a loan for .Uie project. and in May 1988, a Pre-Appraisal Missibn was conducted by Bank
staff. This mission provided to the Government of China guidelines and suggestions fTa
further studies necessary for satisfactory appraisal. The Bank Appraisal Mission was
conducted in December 19SE. and their report was completed in Mlarch 1990. The report
was approved by the Government of China in April. In Julv 1991. the Executive Board of
the World Bank approved a first-phase loan of S380 million. and two months lae. the
construction contractors began moving tO the site lo initiate construcion a-Livinies. In Julv
;943. the World Bank aznd the Ertan Hvdroelectnc Development Corporanor. tEHDC)
opened discussions on the second-phase IDan of S500 million.  The World Bank
Pre-App.raisal Mission for the second-phase loan was conducted in April 1994, and the
Appraisai Mission is scheduled for October 1994.
1J1 12 1E C



generating capacity in the Yalong Basin, therefore, became a prime a.ternative for meeting
the growing demand for power in Sichuan Province. Preliminary studies of the development
of hydropower resources in the Yalong Basin were conducted by CHW[. Results of these
studies indicated that the hydropower resources of the Yalong River tould be developed in
two phases. The first phase will consist of the construction of 11 'projects in the lower
Yalong River. The second phase will complete the development of the hydroelectric
resources in the basin and will include an additional 10 projects upstre4m from the first phase
dams. Based on the results of this study, the Ertan Hydroelectrc Pro ect was elected as the
first of the 11 phase one projects to be constructed. The Ertan Project is designed to
contribute 3,300 MW of installed geneatdng capacity, and more tlan 1,000 MW of firm
capacity, to the Sichuan electric distribution system.
In addition to the direct contribution of over 1,000 MW of firm capacity to the Sichuan
Power System, the regulation of the river resulting from the Ertan Project will increase the
system-wide firm capacity by 142 MW at the Gezhouba Hydroel  ic Project and by 230
MW at the (planned) Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River n western Hubei Province
and eastern Sichuan Province, respectively. This increase ir' firm capacity is derived
primarily from the increase flow during the dry months attrib uble to the lir-ited storage
capacity in the Brin Reservoir.
1.3. Analysis of Alternative Energy Sourc71
The provincial government decision to pursue hydroelectric dpvelopment in Sichuan Province
was based on a comprehensive analysis of available energy rnsources wu hin the province and
an economic analvsis to find the most efficient source of enfrgy to meet ihe grow-ing demand
for power as Sichuan develops into the modern world. These analvses focused on available
energy resources in Sichuan Province: water, coal, gas, and oil. Additionally, the economic
benefits of constructing fewer large scale projects vs
many small projects was evaluated. Results of these analyses are presented in a report
prepared by CHIDI in 1994 and are briefly summarized below.
EOTfN E% CHIt-                        1.3



disappears within 5 years or operation. The difference between the capital costs is 3,350 x
106 M whereas costs for :;ve years of hydro operadon are 3,685 x 106 V.
Over 20 years of opemtion (the approximate expected life of a coal-fired project) the total
costs (capital and operating expenses in 1991 RMB V) clearly favors the hydroelectric
project with an estimated cost savings of over 18 billion RMB V (this difference does not
account for financing or escalation costs).
Table 1.2:    Comparison of Capital Investment and Annual Operating Costs of a 2860 MW
Thermal Plant with the 3,300 MW Ertan Project
Coal Plant              Ertan Hydro
Component                                (Million V)              (Million V)
Investment (Capital)
Construction Cost                                   7.150                     10.500
(including environmental cost)
Operating Costs (Annual)
Maintenance/Repair                                    257                       420
Fuel                                                 1.176                       --
Transmission                                          214                       315
Total Annual Costs                                   1.647                      735
Froni an overall environmental perspective, the selection of hydropower generation over coal-
fired thermal eeneration becomes even more obvious. Water is a renewable resource is in
ahbundanr supplv. Coal. on the other hand, is a nite. non-renewable resource. From a
purelv physical-presence perspective, hydropower clearly requires commitment of relatively
la-ce umcts of land resources. However. once a hydropower project is constructed. the
;:s:?poun-m^ent can be exploited to provide additio:nal benefits to the project (in the fornm of
fisheries, transportation, recreation, and water supply).  Establishment of effective
environmental safeDuards and implementation of appropriate resource management techniques
(in compliance with national regulations and policies) can provide considerable opportunity
to preserve and restore natural and cultural resources within a buffer zone around the
impoundment. In contrast. while a coal-fired plant will occupy a smaller land area for the
physical plant, additional land resources must be committed to mines, mining wastes,
ErA EA CHI                      .5



_ J i _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... ........  ............... _._ .. .,_
A
NW
3060
r@@ ~ ~~ . .....                                ......
L04@ .    |    I    |  _ I    I   ~~~~~~~~~~I  I p 
e          oo        00        °        o°        s@
0       1500      3000      3000      46000    3005
installed Capacity CNN)
Figure 1.1: Relationship between installed capacity and cost per kW for 49 projects
in Sichuan Province.(CHIDI, 1994)
At a maximum generating capacity of 3,300 MW, the Ertan Hyd-lIec:tic Project ranks as
one of the major hydroelectric projects in the world in terms of installed generating capacity.
In comparison with other world-class hvdroelectric project, Ertan is at the top in relation to
the least area inundated per MW and fewest number of human displacements (oustees) per
MW. A summary of available information for other projects throughout the world is
presented in Table 1.4.
"112
ERY0 A CI1.7



recognized the huge economic bencfits of the project, the physical appropriateness of the site,
the lack of seepage, the economic potentials, and the lack of addiional threats to endangered
wildlife. The full text of th EA was tuslated into English for the use during the World
Bank Appraisal Mission in May 1988.
1.6. Introduction to this Study
The 1989 version of the Ertan Environmental Assessment (EA) was reviewed during the
Pre-Appraisal mission of the Worl& Bank for the second phase loan in April 1994. The
World Bank concluded that, since global standards for such reports had been raised
substantially during the previous decade, it was necessary to review the information and
revise the conclusions contained in the 1989 report to comply more closely with present
requirements of the World Bank.
In .parallel with the preparation of this document and preparation ror the World Bank
Appraisal Mission in October 1994, an environmental assessment of the transmission line
system to distribute power generated at Ertan was prepared bv the Sichuan Electric Power
Association to support a request for funding from the World Bank; to construct the facilities.
The Transniission Line EA is presented separately (SEPA. 1994). Consequently, the
environmental impacts associated with the transmission line are not addressed in the main
body of this EA and the reader is referred to the Transmission Line EA for discussion of the
anticipated impact.
The information contained in this document addresses the ervironme:. poLencai :npacts and
mitigation measures associated with the construcLion and ope-atior o the Enanr. Darn and
Hydroelectric Facilities. A summary of the Resettlement Action Plan is aiso prDvidce wi:h::
the text of this document. The revised, detailed Resettlement Action Plan is presented as a
separate document in support of the application for the second phase loan from the World
Bank
miNM IA CHI



Chapter 2
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1. General Project Description
Ertan Hydroelectric Project is located in Panzhihua Municipality on the lower reaches of the
Yalong River in south-westem Sichuan Province (Figure 2.1). It is a comprehensive
development with power generation as its primary objective. It is planned to be the
penultimate dam in a cascade of eleven dams along the Yalong River (Figure 2.2). These
dams comprise the first stage in the development of hydro resources of the Yalong River.
Ultimately, ten additional sites in the upper Yalong have also been identified and may be
devtloped as part of a second stage development program. When all of the 21  sites are
developed, the total installed capacity in the Yalong River Basin will be 22.650 MW.
Construction of Ertan is expected to take ten years from the start of construction to the
commissioning of the first of six power units in 1998. The Ertan projecL will supply
electricity to the Sichuan and Yunnan power svstems via a 500 kV transmission line svstem
currentlv under design and construction (see SEPA 1994 for EA and project description).
The system will provide energy to load centers in Zigong, Chengdu. Yibin Xichang,
Chongquin. and numerous smaller load centers aliong the transmission corridors. Panzhihua
and Xichang will also be supplied with electricitv for the smelting of vanadium and titanium.
The Yalong River is a large tributarv of the Jinsha River, which rises in Yushu County of
Qinehai Province. From its orinin. the river generallv flows southward as it passes through
the western portion of Sichuan to its confluence with the Jinsha River near Panzhihua City.
The Yalong valley is at the eastern extreme of the Himalavan Rannc. The geology and
topography of this area is characteristic of very voung mountain ranges in geological teTrms
with geologic folding and movement continuing. The geology of the valley is varied,
comprised of old Permian basalt, younger intrusive granites. and young sedimentary marl and
shale. The total length of the Yalong River mainstem is 1500 km, with a total catchment
- FX FA OC n2.1



bo           -
Ca        0
to
c                         VJinping-~ ~ ~~~~~~~inpig
0
m  ,               oV Kano~~~~~~uadi
o                                 r~~~~~~~~~~~~j V
} u                ,!/Yan~~~~~gfanggou              w
-_               -                Dakong
_ _ _g ~~~Menggushan_
>              t7 ~~~~~Yaggenc
:R        X~~~~~~~~D
r     anchekou_
jELEVATION(m °  
Figure 2.2:   Comprehensive Development Plan for Lower Yalong. River Involving II
Hydroelectric Projects.
X= EA                                     q
I-Aoe.



(}  $ gt   '@4tilF   t}  SIt                      ue)etfl41                           e   l||tt                      ti3  tit~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~er                                                                         .P
&   t.    _    r_sv   |-.t-   ,-  .,  _  ,|,_,*, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|F, X_ e-j.-_*_~~~~~~~AP
' ~~~4 *7L;9Xtl *   ;  -ZX"_r6~  "  tlIt    sRA          | 
@   : i   *ti) I        1^8tttizt"}||8                                               ~                |lt|                            e"                                 tf,bg                   t       @    E 
eip^U_;^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A MG6^,* N IK!;.. M."'_.2. .._ ;'E!  
_ .. ~~~~~ __*w_ -_~~~~~. _I;_=!I*
lsg,re2.: t.yeil ,r1 ;,, lyllzlcil.I'fgi    I                                                                                                                                                           7.Llls
ttllU ~  ~        ~       ~       ;lI                                                                                                                                                                           i          l
EttTAtt EA 1'112                           n  S                                                                                                                                                         I~~~~~~~~~~~~~, 



water falls into the plunge pool at the base of the dam. The third set of spillway wates in the
dam consists of 4 gates with crest elevations at elevation 1080 m.
The fourth spillway consists of two, low-level tunnels, each with crest elevations of 1165 m.
The hydraulic capacity of each tunnel is 3400 m31s. The two tunnels may be operated
independently or in coordination with the upper and mid-leveL spillways to facilitate rapid
evacuation of the reservoir in emergency situations. The tunnel spillways will discharge to
the Yalong River approximately 800 m and 1200 m downstm  from the dam, respectively.
Water discharged from the upper and mid-level spillway structures will fall in to a plunge
pool area at the base of the dam. The plunge pool will be founded on bedrock and lined with
concrete. . A low dam, approximately 300 m downstream from the base of the dam will
control the water elevation in the plunge pool. The crest of the plunge pool damn is at 1012
m.  With the bottom of the plunge pool area at 980 m elevation, the total water depth
maintained in the plunge pool will be 32 m.
2.2.2. Powerhouse and Switchgear
An underground powerhouse with six turbine generator units will be constructed. Each unit
will have a hydraulic capacity of 277 m3/sec and an installed generating capacity of 550
MW. The total hydraulic capacity will be 1660 m3/s and the installed generating capacitv
will be 3300 MW.  The firm  generating capacity will be 1000 MW.  The six
turbine/generator units will be contained in an underground cavern measuring 296.24 m X
31.2 nm X 71 m. Each unit will be served by a 9 m diameter penstock. The centerline of
the intake for the penstockls will be at elevation 1132.5 m. The 6 draft tubes will discharge
water into a 94 m X 19.5 m X 70 m surge chamber which will then direct the water into Eno
tailrace tunnels one 16.5 m in diameter and the other 23 m in diameter. The two tailrace
tunnels will return water to the Yalong River channel approximately 800 m downstream fro;n
the base of the dam. Figure 2.5 presents a section through the intake, powerhouse and
tailrace of the Ertan Power Station.
2.7



The transformers and switching gear for each of the generator units will be housed in a
separate chamber located above the turbine/generator cavern. A shaft from the transformer
chamber to the surface will allow transmission of the power to the surface switch yard,
located immediately downstream from the darn above the left abutment.
2.2.3. Access Tunnels
Access to the underground facilities will be provided by a series of tunnels. The locations
of these tunnels are depicted in Figure 2.3.
In addition to the water conveyance tunnels and access tunnels, a third tunnel will be
excavated on the left abutment of the dam. The purpose of this tunnel is to house conveyor
equipment for transporting harvested timber (mainly plantation timber) from the
impoundment to the tail water area. The log tunnel, with two inlers to take account of the
varying water surface height, will be 2450 m long. The tunnel will be used each year
beginning in June when the logs start arriving from upstream. The log transfer process will
continue for approximately three months during which the logs will be transferred from the
reservoir to the downstream reach of the Yalong River.
22.4. Access Roads and Bridges
Prior to project construction, the main road in the Yalong River Valley was located along
the left bank of the river. Prior to construction of the dam andl powerhouse. a 10.5 m-wide
paved road was constructed from the Tongzilin Railroad Station to the damsite along the right
bank via a new bridge. This road is being extended to the Ganyu valley as parn of the
compensation package to Yanbian county. The left bank road is also being imprnved to 5-6
r-wide and another bride was built at Santan to accommodate the flow of traffic associated
with project construction and operation.  The right bank road was constructed to
accommodate the 20-ton cement trucks and the 35-ton dump trucks required for construction
and deliverv of proiect equipment.
WAN EA:C                             2.9



population is scattered (80 personstkm2) with cultivated land accounting for just 10 ha/lkm2.
Along the main Yalong River, scatered trees dominate the landscape on the left bank, while
grassy slopes dominate on the right bank. Both banks have scattered areas of cultivated land
wherever the slopes are more gentle.
2.A. Constrution Methods-
2.4.1. Diversion Works
Year-round dam construction is made possible by the construction of two diversion tunnels,
one on each bank, and of non-overflow cofferdams upstream and downstream of the main
dam site. Diversion tunnels 1230-1315 m long, 18 m wide and 23-25 m high were excavated
into the left and right abutrnents. During construction the diversion tunnels are able to
convey the logs floating downstream, but only when the water is below 1036 m. Above that
level the logs will be stored in the reservoir created by the cofferdam. The river was closed
successfully in November 1993, two week-s ahead of schedule. The diversion works required
the excavation of 1.23 million m3 of rock, and the placement of 0.33 million m3 of concrete.
2.4.2. Main Structures
IThe main structures are divided into four independent groups to improve efficiencv: the arch
dairn the underground powerhouse, the spillway tunnels, and the mechanical log pass.
2.4.2.1.    Arch Dam
The excavation of the side abutments was accomplished by blasting, driling, pre-splitting
and using excavators, dump trucks, shotcrete, and support bolts. Over 2.3 million m3 of
open rock cut was displaced. The abutment excavation was completed, as planned, before
river closure. Similar methods will be used to excavate the dam foundations, plunge pool,
spillway tunnels foundations, and powerhouse intake.
OAEACM                              2.11



0.9 million m3 of open cut rock, and the excavation of 0.6 million m3 of unconsolidated
rock, and placement of 0.4 million m3 of concrete, and 24,000 m3 of shotcrete. The tunnels
will be driven from both ends to meet in the middle, as was done for the diversion tunnels.
The concrete will be supplied from the Santan Gully batch plant. The schedule for
constru6ting these tunnels is relatively flexible because they are not on the critical pathway.
2.4.2.4.    Mechanical Log Pass  -
The mechanical log pass (the log tunnels) will be equipped with two intkes leading to a
single transport tunnel 14 m wide and-I 1.5 m high. Construction of the facility will require
the clearance of 0.6 million m3 of open cut rock to form the staging areas. and the
excavation of 0.3 million m3 of underground rock. The tunnel will require placement of 0.3
million m3 of concrete to complete construction, 57,400 m3 of which is in the tunnel.
2.4.3. Quarries
The existing rock material from both south and north sides of the dam site are of good
quality and will be used as aggregate in the concrete. The available reserves meet the total
volumes required for the project. Most of the dolomite aggregate will be obtained from Mt.
Bawang, 6 kn upstream from the damnsite. Supplementary aggregate will be obtained from
the spoil material at the dame site. The cement for the dam is derived from  the Emei
Cement Plant, while the cement for other uses is produced at the Panzhihua Cement Works.
2.4.4. Camps
Housing facilities for the work force are provided by EHDC near the construction area.
Four separate facilities are constructed. A contractor camp is located along the right side of
the Yalong River, approximately 6 km downstream from the dam axis. Three separate
camps are provided for the Chinese management and construction staff. These camps are
located at Santan Gullv on the left bank of the river downstream from the dam site, Santanda
Gully on the right bank across from Santan Gully, and near the Xiaodeshi gaging sttion
approximately 10 km downstream from the construction site. The Sanran Gully camp houses
MAaI                                2. 13



flow season, the project will be operated on a 24-hour basis but at a reduced capacity to
allow for refilling of the reservoir. It is expected that the refill period will begin on or about
June 1 each year and refill completed by the middle of July. When the reservoir is refilled,
the reservoir surface wil rise an average of 1.0 m/day. Details of the proposed operating
regime.are presented in Chapter 5.
2.5.1. Flood Discharge Pattern
Four layout schemes of flood discharge and energy dissipation structures were considered in
the design. They were all technically feasible, but the final choice was-a. double curvature
arch dam with flood discharging from a surface spillway and a middle level outlet, with the
discharge streams meeting in the air to dissipate the energy. In comparison with the other
altematives, the scheme has the significant advantage of reasonable arrangement, flexible and
reliable operation, cost saving and short construction period.
2.6. Transmission Line andSubstations
The transmission distances from the Ertan plant to Panzhihua, Xichang, Yibin, Chengdu,
Chongqing will be 40, 150, 440, 670, and 670 km respectively. A more complete
description of the transmission line system is presented in the TTansmission Line
Environmental Assessment (SEPA, 1994).
2.7. Cost Summary
Prior to the start of construction, EHDC and CHIDI prepared design cost estimates for the
Ertan Project which was used in securing the Phase I loan from the World Bank and
matching funds from the National and Provincial governments. A summary of the costs is
presented below. The estimate is based on the value of the Chinese yuan in 1991 relative
to the US dollar ($1 US =5.45 RMB ?).
aMIC   &                             2.15



Item                                     Estimated Cost
(X 16 4;)
Resettlement                                786.65
Log Tunnel and Equipment                                   288.95
Landslide Treatment                                         32.97
Wastewater Treatmena                                          0.14
Environmental Impact Compensation and Monitoring 10.46
Reservoir Clearing                                           3.16
Total For Environmental Considerations       -             1122.33
SAN FA CDC                           2.17
WInF ECL                            2 .17



Chapter 3
3. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE
FRAMEWORK
3.1. Environmental Protection
This environmental assessment is prepared in compliance with the requirements of the World
Bank. However, much of the work conducted in support of the Ertan Hydroelectric Project
is also in response to numerous laws and policies of the People's Republic of China and the
Sichuan Province. Principle laws and policies periinent to the Ertan Hydroelectric Project
are summarized below.
3.1.1. Legal Framework
3.1.1.1.    Environmental Proteclion Law  of the People's
Republic of China. (December. 1989).
The law was formulated for the prevention of pollution and other public harms. and for
protecting and improving the ecological and social environments. The definition of
"environment" here, is the sum of the natural environment and human-modified natural
environment, including atmospheric. water, ocean, land. mineral resources. forest. grassland.
wildlife. plants, natural and human remains. nature reserves. historic and scenic areas. and
urban and rural areas.
The law provides for the establishment of resource management agencies that are delegated
the responsibility of establishing environmental standards, monitoring the condiLion of the
resources, and developing measures to protect the resources.
URSAN EA CH3                          3. i



3.1.1.4.    Water Law  of the People's Republic of China
(January, 1988).
The Water Law was formulated for protection and proper use of water resources, for
prevention of water pollution, and to provide for the comprehensive development of water
resources to meet demands of national economic development goals and to provide for the
quality of the humnan environment.
3.1.2. Regulations Implementing Environmental Laws
3.1.2.1.    Environmental Protection Management Regulations
for Development Projects. (March, 1986)
These regulations were formulated to strengthen the administration of environmental
protecdon measures associated with water and land resource development projects. The
regulations provide for control of new pollution sources and encourage treatment of original
pollution sources with the goal of protecting and improving existing environmental
conditions. The regulations are part of the implementation of the Environmental Protection
Law of the P.R. China.
The regulations apply to all capital construction projects, technical transfer and regional
development projects with environmental effects. They require the preparation, review and
approval of an environmental impact assessment at the same time the plans for the design.
consLruction and operation of a project are prepared. After completion of the project,
pollution discharges from the project must meet the relevant national or local standards.
The responsibility for implementing the laws and regulations lies with the environmental
protection agencies at all levels of the government The agencies are responsible for
reviewing and approving the environmental assessment and proposed mitigation measures at
the same time the preliminary design is reviewed and approved. They must also approve the
monitoring program to be implemented during construction, examination and receiving of
34112                           .   33
£RrDM FA 04333



of the water, protect public health in the vicinity of the project, facilitate use of the reservoir
for aquaculture, navigation, water-based recreation, and tourism. These specifications are
attained by clearing the reservoir area prior to inundation.
Clearing includes: removal of existing physical structures and buildings, sanitary clearing,
removal of forest, and removal of special aspects specific to the various developments.
General clearing of the reservoir area includes removal of houses, buildings and other
physical works such as bridge piers and other major architectural structures. Special clearing
specifications cover areas selected for aquaculture, fishing, swimming, navigation lines,
piers, and water supply intake areas.
3.1.2.4.     Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water
(GB3838-88)
These standards were developed to implement the water pollution prevention articles of the
National Environmental Protection Law and the Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment
Law of the People's Republic of China. This standard applies to all surface water of the
nation including rivers, lakes and reservoirs which have functional use in China.
The standards first provide for the classification of all water bodies according to their use and
existing conditions. Five classifications are defined:
Class 1:            Applies to source waters and national reserves
Class Il:           Applies to Class-A protection areas for concentrated drinking waler
sources. areas protected for valuable and rare fishes and spawning
areas of fishes and other aquaculture species.
Class IIM:          Applies to Class B protection areas for concentrated drinkdng water
sources. areas for protecting common fishes and swimming areas.
ERTAN EA CH3                 ~~~~3.5



Bighead carp                   Aristichrhys mobilis
Black carp                      Carassius aurasus
Culrer eryihrop:enus
Parabramis pekinsensis
Giant Chinese sturgeon         Acipenser sinensis
Yangtze sturgeon               Acipenser dabryanus
Salmon relatives                Salmonidae
Psephurus gladius
Common eel                     Anguilla japonica
Article 13 of the Aquatic Resources Reproduction Protection Regulations provides for the
consideration of providing for passage of migratory fish species. If such species are affected
by construction of a dam, the need for fish passage facilities must be determined prior to
initiating construction of the facility and,. if necessary, fish passage facilities must be
incorporated into the project plans.
3.1.3. Administr.ative Framework
Since the 1980s, specific agencies at various levels were established under governments to
carry on environmental monitoring and management for development projects, protection and
management of natural resources.   The following chart shows the environmental
administrative framework pertinent to Ertan Hydroelectric Project.
3411 EA CH                            3.7



3.2.1.2.    Regulations ror Land Requisition, Compensation,
and Resettlement Applicable to Large and Median
Scale   Water  Resource   and   Hydropower
Developments (February, 1991).
The regulations were developed to implement portions of the "Land Administration Law of
the P. R. China" and the "Water Law of the P. R. China".- They are designed to strengthen
administration of land requisition and resettlement of persons displaced by large and median-
scale hydroelectric and other water resource developments. The aim is to enable equitable
requisition of necessary land and the resettlement of persons occupying the land.
The regulations provide guidelines for correctly handling the relations between the State,
coilective groups, and individuals both in the areas from which the people must move and
in the areas to which the displaced peirsons will be relocated. The regulations mandate the
integration of resettlement of displaced persons with the planning and construction of the
project. The interests of the displaced persons are given equal consideration with the
exploitation of the resources, water and soil conservation considerations and the overall
economic development to ensure that the affected persons are able to attain a living standard
equal to or higher than in their original conditions. In developing the resettlement plan, first
consideration will be to move the individuals as short a distance as possible. Tf not possible.
resettlement areas can be developed by reclaiming otherwise unused lands.
The resettlement plan must be developed earlv in the project planning process. The project
owner should develop the plan on the basis of natural and economic conditions in the
receiving area and in cooperation with local govemments. The resettlement plan must be
submitted at the same time the feasibility and preliminarv design documents are reviewed.
For large scale projects, it is the responsibility of the project owner to pay compensation for
acquired lands and to provide subsidies to the displaced persons. The specific criteria for
compensation and subsidy is determined by local provincial or autonomous district
governments.
1411I 2
ERTAN EA H3 309



Chapter 4
I.. BASELINE CONDITIONS                               -
A.. Physical Geography
1..   Topography
The Yalong River is a major tributary in the upper Chang Jiang (Yangzte) basin (Figure 4.1).
It arises to the south of Bayankela Mountains in Yushu County, Qinghai Province, and is
adjacent to the Dadu River basin in the east and the Jinsha River basin in the south. The
main strean and its tributaries give the appearance of a feather pattern. Most of the west,
north and east of the basin are surrounded by high mountains over 4000 m altitude. The
most famous ones are ME. Gongga, Mt. Daxue and Mt. Bayank-ela, all of which exceed 5500
rn. The highest is Mt. Gongga which reaches 7590 m (Figure 4.). The source of the
Yalong is at about 5400 m and its mouth. 1500 km away, is at 980 m giving a total elevation
range of 4420 m or about 3 m/km.
The landscape and climate of the river change alono its length. The headwater region is a
high altitude plateau with undulating, low, and grass-covered hills. wide and flat river
valleys, and a ventle river flow.  South of this plateau. to about 28N  latitude, the
topographv of the basin is characterized bv hich mountains, gor-es, and forests. South of
18'N latitude, wide river valleys with developed agriculture alternate with rather wide gorges
and high mountains. This combination of features characterizes the landscape in the project
area (Figure 4.3).
gRTAN Eh cm                     4.1



1. I
X           ; ~ICANG;
*' ERTAN DAMAJ
Figure 4.2: Yalong River watershed widtin Sichuan Province: DZsainage area of Ertan
Hydroelectric PtojecL
OTM fA CIN                   ~~~~~~4.3



2..   Climate
The climate of the Yalong River basin is characteristic of the Western Sichuan Plateau Zone
defined by the Sichuan Meteorology Board. Climate is influenced mainly by a west wind
circulation and a southwest monsoon. Dry and wet seasons are clearly divided: the dry
season lasts from December to May, and the wet season from June to November.
The mean annual rainfall in the basin ranges from 500 mm in the north and west to 1560 mm
in the south and east. The annual rainfall at the dam site is about 1000 mm. Rainstorms
generally occur between June and September in the south of the catchment where daily totals
can reach 200 mm. The mean annual temperature ranges from -4.90C in the north to 19.7'C
in the south. The annual evaporation rates range from 1326 mm in the north and west to
2544 mm in the south and east. Relative humidity is generally low, from 57-69 percent
which corresponds with the higher evaporation rates. The maximum wind velocity recorded
at the damn site is 18 misec. A variety of meteoroiogical data are given in Table 4.1.
Various climatic extremes affect the basin. Droughts in the spring and autumn can disturb
agricultural production, as can hail storms between August and September in higher regions
between 1600-2300 m. Rain storms (days with precipitation over 50 mm) occur on about
three days each year (maximum ever recorded 175 mm in one day). These storms can cause
landslides which damage fields. roads, railways and bridges. Economic losses occur every
near because of the storms. In addition. gales and occasional unseasonabie frosts mav cause
agricultural damage.
3..   Geology
The geology of the Yalong watershed is complex, with exposed strata revealing the
underlying granite, gneiss, schist, shale, marble, other limestones. sandstone. shales,
conglomerates, basalt, and other magmatic rocks.
The Ertan dam and power station are located on the western side of the middle section of the
34112
qTAI LA CEIA                         4.D



Seismic activity in the area around the dam-site is monitored by eight seismic stations which
feed data continuously into a central computer-assisted monitoring station at the EHDC office
al Tongzilin (Figure 4.4).
4..   Mineral resource
More than 20 different economically important minerals have been found in the Yalong
watershed including iron, copper, nickel, chromium, titanium, lead, zinc, mercury,
muscovite, coal, and calcareous spar. There are more than 160 mine sites, though none is
large.
S..   Soils
Because the area in the immediate area of the Ertan Project is mountainous and the valley
walls steep, soils are generally quite thin over the bedrock. Thicker layers of soil are found
in the bottoms of the valleys. Most of the soils in the Yalong watershed are drab red soils,
red soils, and mountain yellow-brown soils. The organic content of most of the soils is
quite low because the topographic relief and geologic movement is not conducive to retaining
organic materials in the soils. Much of the organic material is flushed from the mountain
sides during the wet season. The poor soil types within the project area are also typical of
subtropical regions in general where most of the nutrients are tied up as vegetative biomass.
B.. Biogeography
The delimitation of biogeographic areas is very dependent on the group of animals or plants
studied- According to the Udvardy system, the study area is located in the Sichuan
Highlands, the southernmost portion of the Palearctic Realm which stretches from Europe
to Japan. To the south, the Sichuan Highland abuts the Indo-Malayan Realm which extends
from the south northwards to the southemn portion of Yunnan Province. Under this system,
the Sichuan Highlands represent one of eleven divisions of the Chinese portion of the
Palearctic Realm. Under the Cheng and Zhang system, the project area lies in China's
01;12 
rTM6 EA Cu4                          4.7



Southwest Region of the Oriental Realm, outside the Palearctic.
An important point missed by many biogeographic studies is that the division between the
southwest plains and the eastem end of the Himalayas is no't strictly a line, but rather a
crescerit-shaped zone deserving recognition as a biogeographical unit in its own right. As
the Ministry of Forestry's (1993) Biodiversiiy Action Plan notes, "It is here that many of
China's most significam and disdnctive animals live - giant panda, red panda. otan, golden
monkey, mny species of pheasants, and an enormous richness of plants."  The
biogeographic divisions (termed biounits) used in that report are adopted here in discussions
of the project area. The relative locafiens of these units are shown in Figure 4.5. Based on
this definition of biography, the project area lies in the Yunnan Plateau subunit (39a) of
Southwest Mounains biounit (39).
C.. The Aquatic System
1.    Hydrology
During the initial planning stages for the Ertan Hydroelectric Project, EHDC in consultation
with CHIDI, established several hydrologic, water quality, and climate monitoring stations
throughout the Yalong, Anning, and Jinsha River basins. The locations of these sites are
shown on Figure 4.6. Data obtained from these sites are used to summarized the
hvdrological, water qualitv and climate regimes of the river basin.
The primarv source of water in the Yalong River is precipitation (both rainfall and snow in
the upper reaches of the basin). The Yalong River originates in Qinghai Province at the
southem boundary of the Bavankela Mountains of the Himalavan Mountains. Elevations in
the upper reaches range from 4,180 m to over 5,000 m above sea level. The river valley
is oriented generally from northwest to southeast with small tributaries entering the river
from both the east and west sides of the main valley. Most of the catchment area of the
Yalong lies to the west of the river.
Based on the 29-year hydrologic record (1953-1982) from the Xiaodeshi Hydrology Station,
the mean annual flow in the river is 1,670 m3/s. Because the discharge regime is dependent
"9112                                   -
EOrN FA c'u                            a                        -



LEGEND                                                                  XICHANG
gapg ng "den                            #L\ 
O     .eeoralogical stion                         J
>S-   plenned climaticfecological                  T
rallonitng ptofic                        \      Lianhe 
>--   waler quality and aguaic umpling s*tc
T     war fampealute Obatlna sution                     l Jinhe
P.--4  waer quality samplingsue
(for wher pul posara)
V    public health tmeing sale
YANYUAN                                            DECHANG
\ Shuhe.         6,, Dalu
Gonhe.
Yongxing                            Tuanj/  e
.ay   Tuanjie                     ,
firrg, YANB31,IAN s                      2.MIYI
yERTAN DAMSITE
~ >   /    XXiaodeshi
.Tongzilinr
Luoguo
A.~~~p
Ji n ji a             niJijiang
PANZBIHUA   
Figure 4.6:   Locations of Hydrologic, Water Qualizy and Meteorological Monitoring Stations
in the Yalong River Basin.
34112                                        4.11
Off& FA 044.1



.   *  *         r ;*to ,,,lis *     '  ............  '  '  *  *   ;Figuire 4.8:  Flow Regime Representing High Flow  Year in Yalong River
80(q0   .                                                                (Meastired at Xiaodeslii Gaging Stationi)
Flow. . .                   *        I I  .    .
1ll'31s~~ .  .0 }.. l *   * C{ *  * 
2000   ' * 0        .      * .  .   .  . .
.  S1-      . U \1*   .  .   * 1  .                                     -   --.-.----
.* l 01               *    *.        .0 
Ava000     40      0 t   0 00              0  240   .0
400        00 U                               450 ,              1
Mill    (to   0  *  0    a 0†0                  00   110 *         O         9         2        t        36        4           1
4    12                                         * \
. . I.                                   * .  .   . .       * .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   *   *  0 . 
. *                                      .    . . .  .  .. . * 0 S.    .    .    .    .    .    . *    *            .
O~~ -.                                                                     --                  - .;1   13S'***
Mson        ) uzn    lut    ______    Scp         Oct      Nov       Dec       Jan       Fcb     Mlar      Apr       May      Whlole yesr  _
Ava        3630i~*    6110     5900o   570  -. 2940    .52           945       667      58       534       572      71i         2480 
Max        6390      8990    110 I lo       8180  4330   2050        1130      7s7      387      588       636      1040        11100       e
M;n___           __   __         I     _  _      20 8 2o30  35 80  8oo0 > oB7  596   ____       s  16    516      542          316         3
ftntA'J tA Clt                            .|.



Flow (m.3/s)
8(J)                                              Figure 4.10: Fiow Regime Representing l-ow Flow CondiLions in YalonigRiver
()0()                                                        (Measuired at Xiaodcslii Slation).
7 .    .  . .   I
*     708() m1/ls;
.  .  .  .  .  .
6000
*  .  .    .   9  *   .   .   .    .   .
40002  0            290    320          14         I014              4         6         2        W43               5410
* *  *. . . 1-. .
.~~~~~ . *  . 
Max        4280       4040    7080        2840    2)(9()    1430      773       516       441      425       481      1680  j 7080
LMi           87     1450   1800          1690     14 20  1  778       509 [  421         415      396       405 gt396             396 
ER TAII IA. G114                         4. 15



November through May. Average discharge in the Ganvu is approximately 69.8 m3/s.
Avenge discharge during the high flow period is 140 m3/s and during the low flow period
average discharge is 19.4 m3/s. Average annua flows in the Ganyu River are demonstated
in Figure 4. 11.
Annual flooding in the Ganyu River basin occurs during the wet season with most of the
flood events occurring in July and August, as with the Yalong River. Based on the available
hydrologic record, the maximum flood of record occurred in September, 1979, and was
estimated to be 989 m3/s. Annual average, maximum and minimum discharges in the
Ganyu, as measured at the Yanbian Station, are presented in Table 4.2
Table 42: Average and Extreme Discharges Measured at Yanbian Station on Ganvu River
Discharge                              Year
(m3/s)        1976   1977   1978    1979   1980   1981  1982
Mean          53.3   52.3   91.6    62.4   78.3  8s0    46.0
Maximum        871.0  460.0  745.0   989.0  913.0  974.0  495.0
Minimum          6.1    3.0    5.5       4.5    4.8    4.7   4.9
As demonstrated in Figure 4. 12. discharge from the Yalong is approximatelv equal Lo the
flovL in the Jinsha. upstream from Panzhihua. Consequently. the Yalong contributes
approximately 50 percent of the flow in the Jinsha as observed at Jinjiang Railway Station
located downstream from the confluence of the Yalong and Upper Jinsha Rivers.
2..   Sediment
36112                                4.17
£RTAk LA CHAl                         .1



Downstream from Wali, the valley walls rise 700 to 1,500 m above the river. The area is
subjected to frequent storm events. The rock on both sides of the valley are weathered and
fractured and are subject to extensive erosion during storm events. This portion of the valley
is the primary source of the sediment and bedload materials carried by the Yalong River.
Based on measurements of sediment and bedload transport made at the Wali Gauging Station,
the estimnated annual sediment yield from the upper portion of the Yalong Catchment is 144
tons/kM2 and the average sediment content in the river is 0.38 kg/m3. At the upper end of
the Ertan Reservoir, the estimated annual sediment yield is 233 tons/km2 and the estimated
average sediment eontent is 0.435 kg/m3. At the Xiaodeshi Gauging Station, the estimated
annual yield of sediment and bedload is 169 tonslkrn; (less than at the upper end of the
reservoir) and the annual average sediment content is 0.61 kg/m3 (greater than at the upper
end of the reservoir).
The suspended sediment and bedload discharge in the Yalong River is not uniform through
the year, as is expected in such rivers with extended high flow and low flow seasons.
During the high flow season, suspended sediment-and bedload discharge normally contributes
to over 90 percent of the total annual yield. During the high flow season (June through
September), the avenage discharge at Xiaodeshi is approximately 3,240 m3Is. Average
sediment content is 0.61 kg/m3. The extreme differences in suspended sediment discharge
between high and low flow seasons is exemplified from the observations made in 1981. The
total annual sediment discharge estimated at Xiaodeshi was 36.3 million tons of which 35.7
million tons, or 98.3 percent, passed Xiaodeshi during the high flow season.
Although the total estimated sediment load for the Yalong River at Xiaodeshi includes the
contribution of tributaries, the expected configuration of the Ertan Reservoir ments
discussion of sediment and bedload characteristics of the Ganyu River of which 40 km of the
lower portion of the river will be inundated by the reservoir. As discussed above and
elsewhere, the inundated portion of the Ganyu River is sufficiendy distinct from the main
body of the reservoir thaE the Ganyu Arm of the reservoir, in many ways, will act as a
separate reservoir. According to data obtained at the Yanbian Gauging Station, average flow
in the Ganyu River is 69.8 m3/s. The annual average sediment content is 0.76 kgJm3.
ERTA CHa                             4.19



Climate in the Yalong Valley is generally considered to be wet, subtropical. Mean annual
precipitation ranges from about 500 mm per year in the upper portion of the basin to over
1,500 mm per year at the mouth of the Yalong at the Jinsha River. Seasonal differences in
precipitation coupled with the extreme topographic relief results in extreme seasonal
differenices in certain water quality parameters (eg. turbidity and sediment load).
The soils in the basin are generally drab red soil, red soil, and mountain yellow brown soil.
Soils on the mountain slopes are gernerally thin although most is covered with vegetation
which reduces erosion potential. Soils in the upper plateau area and in agricultural areas
with gentle slopes are somewhat deeper. Again these soils are either covered with grassland
or savannah-like vegetation, or are terraced into tillable fields. The vegettive cover and the
agrcultural practices all reduce the potential for excessive erosion. The lack of nutrients in
the soils and their generally shallow depths minimizes the contribution of nutrients and
organic compounds to water draining from the more gentle slopes into the Yalong River or
its tributaries.
(3).  Discharge from Domestic and Industrial Pollution
Sources.
Because the area above the Ertan Project Site is very sparsely populated, sources of domestic
and industrial pollution are limited and Eheir total contribution to the quality of water in the
Yalong in the vicinity of the Ertan Project is not detectable.
Approximately 21.400 individuals reside in the urban center of Yanbian and Yanvuan
Counties. Using the national average production of wastewater per person. the daily
production of domestic wastewater from these urban areas is approximately 2.100 tons (0. I
toniperson/day).
The main industrial sources of pollution include the Yanbian Paper Mill (with a waste water
discharge of approximately 300 tons per day), a slaughterhouse. brewery, and cement plants.
Wastes discharged from these industrial sources consist primarily of alkali and biochemical
oxygen demnandin- materials (measured as BOD). Approximately 500 tons of wastes are
S.4 '2
M~AN EA 044                            4.1 1



b..   Characterization of Water Quality
(1)   Water Temperature
Water temperature data for the Yalong River are available for the period 1959 through 1992
for the Xiaodeshi Gauging Station, located downstream from the Ertan Project site (See
Figure 4.6). Average monthly water temperatures at Xiaodeshi for the period of record are
depicted in Figure 4.13. As shown in the figure, water temperatures at Xiaodeshi vary
seasonally from approximately 8eC during December and January to approximately 19°C
from June through August. Average monthly water temperature data from the upper end of -
the impoundment zone at the Wali and Luning Gauging Stations are also presented in Figure
4.13 to demonstrate the increase in temperature from Wali to Xiaodeshi, through the
impoundment zone.
Water temperature data for the Ganyu River are available for the period 1978-1982 from the
Yanbian Gauging Station. Mean, maicimum and minimum temperatures by month for the
period of record are depicted in Figure 4.14. The general pattern of variation in seasonal
temperature is similar to that observed in the Yalong. The primary difference is that the
overall temperature of the Ganyu is somewhat higher than that in the Yalong. Minimum
temperatures in December and January range between 10 and 12TC and the annual highs,
occurring in May through July, generally range from 20 to 22°C
(2).  Water Chemistry
Water samples from the Yalong River were obtained-on three occasions each year from 1973
- 1979, and 1981 at the Xiaodeshi Gauging Station (See Figure 4.4), representing the high.
flow season, the low flow scason, and the transition between the low flow and high flow
seasons. The samples were analyzed for 20 parameters. Summaries of the results of these
analyses are presented in Table 4.4. (Dan from the three samples are pooled in the table).
In 1989 and 1990, water qualiy samples were collected at Xiaodeshi each month. These
data are summarized in Table 4.5.
m"A EA as                            4.23



30
5
Jon Feb Mar A'pr May Jn Jul Aug Sep Oci Nov Doc
Mlonth
Fi!gure 4.14: Monthly water temperature regime of Ganyu River at Yanbian Gaging, Station
(1978 - 1982)
collected each year at each location. Results of the analyses are summarized in Table 4.6.
Data collected during the high and low flow periods are presented separatelv in the table.
Arranged from the upper end of the valley to the mouth, the temperature data indicate the
warming of the river during both the high and low flow seasons. Several of the water quality
. V              L
paramevers indicate conspicuous changes in concentrations beEween the Clay Mine and the
Yanbian bridge sampling site. This is exemplified bv the turbidity of the Yalong, which is
btetween 5 and 7 turbidity units at the upstream sites and increases to 15 to 2'O turbiditv units
at the two bridge sites. Durino higvh flow. turbidiEy remains fairly constant through the
reach. For dissolved oxyvoen. the percent saturatiDn remains above 95 percent during both
the high and low flow seasons in the upper portiDn of the basin. However, at the two
10
downstream sites, the percent saturation appears to be somewhat lower and is below 90
percent saturation at Eimes.
Data pertainine  to the water quality in the Jinsha River upstream and downstream fSm the
MRAN EA CW&47



Table 4.4: (Continued)
Paramelus
m   Tola    Totli
HCO3  S0(      Salinity   Hardness coT  NH44 Fe"'t'
Year               (magl) (mg/I)    (mg/I)  (Gar Dog) (mg/l) (mgI) (mg/Il)(o
1973    Mu.        188.6   7.5        6.68      8.06   1.9   0.25   0.04 C
Min.       114.5   1.0       4.01       5.33   0.1   0.05   0.01 am
Mean       148.7   4.7        5.08      6.53   0.6   0.14   0.02 MD
1974    Mux.       189.6   9.4       *7.10       8.23 . 1.4   0.25   0.02 MI
Min.       105.6   0.1       3.81      4.44   0.2    0.1S   0.01 OID
Mun        151.5   4.1        5.51     6.67   0.7   0.20   0.02 ID
1975    Mux.       215.0   7.6        7.69       8.70   1.9   0.25   0.04 OM
Min.      132.1   1.2        4.83      5.31   0.1   0.01   0.01 m
Mean'     179.7   4.3        6.32      7.29   0.6   0.09   0.03 MD
1976    Max.       210.3   12.4       7.63      8.69   2.6   0.50   0.04 OM
Min.       128.5   0.8       4.56       5.23   0.2   0.05   0.01 OM
Man        170.1   5.0       6.14       7.16   0.9   0.20   0.03 OM
1977    Mux.       186.0  13.0        6.70      7.99   2.7   0.45   0.04 f11
Min.       112.0   1.4       4.10      4.99   0.2   0.05   0.02 CID
Mean       150.6   5.2       5.46       6.60   1.0   0.18   0.03 CM
1978    MuX.       165.0   7.2        6.86      7.94   1.1   0.25   0.04 Cl!
Min.       128.0   0.5       4.34      4.96   0.0   0.0S   0.01 aD
Mean       141.8   3.3       5.27       6.D8   0.5   0.12   0.03 00l
1979    Mux.       187.0  10.1        7.64      7.85   0.S   0.20   0.05 CaM
Min.      123.0   1.0        4.58      5.61   0.2   0.03   0.00 C)
Mean       153.8   4.9       5.89 -    6.74   0.4   0.10   0.02 M
1981    Mix.       179.0  10.6        6.50      8.05   1.4   0.12   0.01 CM
Min.       111.0   3.8       4.04      4.91   0.2   0.07   0.00 OM
Mean       150.2   7.0       5.49      6.86   0.6    D.09   0.01 OM
Annual   Mean       155.8   4.8        5.65      6.74   0.7   0.14   0.02 WI
,A2 LA 4UE
ws 6^ os                   o q7~~~~~~



Table 4.5:    Monthly Average Water Quality Values at Xiaodeshi Gauging Station in 1989 and
1990.
1989
Tow!      Total
Month  Temp  Dis. 0,    Hard.    Alk. NH3-N   NH,-N         COD      pH
('C)   (nig/)    (mg/I)   (mg/h) (mg/I)  (mg/I)    (ngil)
Jan     8.6    7.6      75.4       72.9   0.07     0.006    0.5      8.1
Feb    10.2    6.0       77.4      77.1   0.07     0.004    0.6      8.1
Mar    11.8    6.7       77.7    . 79.1   0.08      0.005    0.7      8.1
Apr    15.6   -B.6       78.0      82.2   0.07     0.002    0.8       8.2
May    19.2    7.2       74.0       79.4   0.08     0.002    1.2      8.1
Jun    20.6    7.4      62.8       63.4   0.10     0.005    1.4      9.1
Jul    18.0   11.1      48.8       48.2   0.10     0.015    1.3      8.1
Aug    18.4    8.1       54.1       59.4   0.12     0.005   .1 I      8.1
Sep    18.0    7.9      54.1       56.6   0.03     0.015    1.1      8.1
Oct    14.8    9.0      56.6       58.9   0.08     0.003    0.8      B.0
Nov    12.4   9,5        64.8       66.7   0.05     0.004    0.4      8.1
Dec    10.2   10.3       73.7      71.2   0.18     0.010    0.8      8.1
Average  8.3   66.4      67.9       0.09  0.006    0.9       -        -
1990
Total     Total
Month  Temp  Dis. 07,    Hard.    Alk.  NH3-N   NH,-N       COD      pH
(CC)   (m) fl/ (mg/l)        (me/1) tmdl)  (mgl)   (mg/l)
Jan     7.6    9.2      75.1       75.4   0.D3     0.006    0.5      8.1
Feb    11.0    9.7       78.0      78.2   -        0.080    0.7      8.1
Mar    11.4    9.0       78.0       80.5   0.03    0.008    1.0       8.2
Apr    15.6    8.6       76.6      ?9.9   0.06     0.003    0.6      8.2
Mlay    17.4    7.2      65.6       64.5   0.06     0.005    1.4      S. 1
jun    16.6    8.6      43.5       46.8   0.10     0.0-5   1.5       8.0
Jul    21.0    7.0      53.3       58.6   0.05    0.002    0.9       8. 1
Aug    20.0    7.0       56.4       58.9   0.03    0-004    0.4       8.3
Sep    18.0    7.8       51 6      50.2   0.03     0.002    1.3      8.2
Oct    16.0    9.0      49.6       52.4   0.04     0.008    0.8      S. I
Nov    11.0    9.0       67.9       67.0   0.06     0.003    0.4      c I
Dec     8.0    7.6       '7.9      70.9   0.05     0.002    0.4       8.I
Average  8.3   60.3      65.3       0.04  0.012    0.08     .
.A CH&                                   4.29



Table 4.6 (Continued)
Normal Sesson
Loatdion
Parameter      Unit                                                   Ganyu
Daluo  Jinbe Gubiao Gonghe Tuan JieXiaodeshiYanbianTownship
Temperature    (CC)     12.6  12.8   13.0  13.0  13.5  14.0  18.3  18.0
pH                       8.38  8.35   8.33   8.37   8.35   8.39   8.42   8.40
-SO4-          (mg,,)    13.6  13.2   14.2   8.0  15.0  14.1  11.1   6.6
cr            (mg,I)     5.4   7.5   5.6   5.0   6.1   4.4   6.9   5.4
Fe            (mg/I)    <0.03 <0.03  <0.05 <C0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03
Mn            (mg/l)     0.069 0.054  0.076  0.078  0.075  0.085  0.031  0.043
Cu            (mg/I)     0.006  0.004  0.005  0.006  0.085  0.087  0.002  0.003
Zn            (mg/I)     0.022  0.041  0.022  0.052  0.05   0.073  0.017  0.029
N03-          (mg/I)     0.20  0.20   0.20   0.20   0.20   0.21   0.32   0.02
NO,           fmg/I)    <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <o.003
NH3           (mg,,)   <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Totl N        (mg/i)     0.153  0.193  0.209  0.0E0  0.112  0.102  0.090  0.177
P             (mg/i)     0.062 0.058  0.058  0.074  0.069  0.079  0.046  0.053
Permanganate   (mg/)     1.5   1.5   1.4  I1S    1.4   1.4   1.1   1.5
Index
DO            (mg,,)    10.9  10.8   9.6   8.6   9.6   9.7   S.6   8.8
COD           (mg,i)     4.8   6.1    3.6   5.7   5.5   3.7   5.3   4.5
3ODs          (Well)     0.5   0.6   0.6   0.8   0.3   0.5   0.6   0.2
e-            (mgI)      0.120 0.110  0.119  0.115  0.124  0.119  0.110  0.134
Se            (mg/l)    <0.0025c 0.00Z5<0.0025< 0.0075<0.0025<0.0025<0.0025<0.0025
As            (mg/I)    <0.007 <0.007 <0.007 <0.00? <0.007 <0.007 <0.007 <0.007
Hg            (mg/)    < 0.000080.0000:0.0000.00000 0.00.0000.0000K 0.00006
Cd            (mglI)    < 0.000X 0.0002<0.0002< O.002<0.0002<0.0002<0.0002<0.0002
Cr           .t-g/I)    <0.002 <0.00_ <0C.00 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Pb            (m-/I)     0.004  0.009  0.013  0.003  0.002  0.002  0.002  0.013
Cvanide       (m)l)    < 0.004 <0.004 <0.0D4 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004
Volatile Phenol  (mell)   <0.002 <0.00_ <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Petroleum     (m/I)   <0.05 <0.05  <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05  <0.05 <0.05
Sulfa Active    (mgil)    <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050
Acent with Anion
Coliform Bactena rno.1l)  1500. 1300.  3500.  790. 2400. 34000. 16000. 2000.
Susp. Solids    (mOD/)    75.5  91.0   75.3  99.0  55.4  45.2  44.6  41.3
ERTM ENA04                        -   4.31



Table 4.7:    Summary of water quality data from Jinsha River Upstream and downstream from
_ Yalong confluence.
1989
Lonr Donf                    Lug Gun
Parameter       MaI:h    August Noveber        March    Aues    November
Tempeature       13.5     22.5    12.8          14.5      20.8       13.2
Suspended Solids  11.7    801.0   195.0         57.8     744.7      26.2
Total Hard      79.5      75.7    79.2          79.0      73.7       79.5
DO       '       8.8       7.7     9.3           8.7       7.5       9.2
NH3-N            0.02      0.03  C0.02           0.05    <0.02      <0.03
NO.,-N           0.002                           0.0W2
COD              1.6       6.'    2.0            1.8       5.5        2.1
BOD5             0.7       0.9     0.5                     0.3       0.7
As               <.01    <0.007                <0.01     <0.007
Hg               0.0001                          0.0001
Cd               0.0001  <0.0004                 0.0001  <0.0006
Pb               0.012    0.047 <0.005           0.0001    0.023    <0.003
Colitorm Bactcia S10.   35000.   1430.      185000.   205000.   240000.
pH               8.4       8.3     8.4           8.4       8.3        B.4
1990
Temperature      12.7     21.3    13.8          12.3      20.7       13.9
Suspended Solids  15.0    588.3   109.8         37.3     589.0     300.0
Total Hard      88.2      66.'    74.0          79.3      60.2      68.3
DO               9.sL      7.9     9A            9.3       7.8       9. I
.3H ,-N-< 0.04                                 <0.07     < 0.07      0.04
NO,-N
COD              1.6      .15      2.0           1.7       4.1       2.1
BOD,             0.6       0.7     0.3           0.7       D.,       n.5
A,v             <000(8     0.013 <0.007          O.11     0.016
Hc               *.OOU2  <0.0003 <0.002          0.0002    0.0003    0.0002
Cd               0.0002
Pb               0.002     0.014   0.003         0.003     0.017     0.004
Coliform Bacteria 1300.   2 !G00.   5S0.    175000.   335000.   104500.
pH               5.4       S.4    8.4            8.4       8.4       8.3
(Long Done is Downstrcam trom confluence. Luo Guzo is upstream from confluence but downstream from
Panzhihua City.)
TA CM                                 4.3_33



area, but not in the Ganyu or Yalong Rivers. Farmers in the vicinity of Yanbiar. County use
small irrigation reservoirs to culture Eichhornia as a source of fodder for pigs. Othe.
floating species such as Pisdia strariores and Salvinia were not observed in either the Yalong
or Ganyu River Valleys.
Phytoplankton have been surveyed and, as would be expected, populations are denser in the
relativery sluggish Ganyu Arm than in the Yalong Mainstem.
5..   FLsh ahd Other Aquatic Organisms
a..   Fish
The Yalong River is a major tributary of the Jinsha River (Yangtze Riverj which is the
largest river of China and one of the largest river systems in the world (Figure 4.1). As
large as the Jinsha River system is, the fish fauna is relatively unb.uwn.. The most intensive
fishery surveys in the project area were conducted in 1983 and 1984 bDy the Sichuan Aquatic
Product Reseach Institute in association with CHIDI to support the environmental assessment
for the first stage loan. Additional surveys were conducted in 1990 and 1991 by the
Biological Department of Shichuan Teacher's College and CHIDI. In 1992 and 1993.
CHIDI, the Sichuan Teacher's College and the Sichuan Environmental Science Research
Institute conducted a fish survev to support the Tongzilin Environmental Assessment. Other
survevs have been conducted bv a number of other instiLutes for various purDoses. The most
recent compilation of species known or expected to occur in the Y'along and Jinsha Rivers
in Sichuan Province is p:esented in Annex 2.1. The list includes 151 species of fish in the
Jinsha River. and 100 species occur in the Yalong of which all but three are found in the
Jinsha as well.
Generally, fish species occurring in the Yalong and Jinsha rivers can be characterized into
three major groups: Type A fish include those species which are generally found in the
plains area in which the rivers are characteristically low gradient and velocities are slow.
94112
STrAN IA CH4L                         4.35



Type B fish occur in rivers at middle elevations where the gradients are somewhat higher and
water velocities are swifter. Type C fish are found in high elevation rivers characterized as
high gradient, cold, and highly oxygenated. Examples of the distributions of fish in each of
these habitat types is presented in Figure 4.15. The general type (A, B or C) of habitat
utilized bv each of the fish species in the Yalong Basin is also presented in Annex 2.1. As
indicated in the list, the majority of the species occurring in the Ertan Reach of the Yalong
belong to the second category (Type B).
Because a primary source of the Yalong River is snowmelL of the Bayankela Mountains and
other mountain ranges surrounding the upper Yalong Basin, water temperature is relatively
low. Upstream from Jinping Mountains, the fish fauna is generally characteristic of the
Qinghai-Tibet associations comprised of relatively few pecies. The primary genera in this
area include Schizothorax, Nemacheilus. and Sisoridae spp.
Below elevation 2,000 m, the climate is generally dry and warm. Consequently, water
temperature in tributaries to the Yalong and in the Yalong itself are somewhat higher. More
species occur in this tpe of conditior as indicated in Annc 2.1. Afthough there are more
species represented in this reach, the populations of each species tend to be somewhat
smaller.
The difference in the numbers of species of fish residing at various elevations is supported
bv results of several surveys conducted by CHIDI, Sichuan Teacher's College and the
Sichuan Environmental Science Research Institute. Some fifty species were wdent;':cc :rem
the lower reach of the Yalong River and near its confluence with the Jinsha Rlvc.. \% inin
the reservoir area 37 species were documented from the river. In studies to suppor. the
Jinping I-and Jinping I1 projects, upstream from Ertan, 28 species were identified.
Surveys of fish made at four stations around the reservoir area to support the Ertan Project
revealed great differences in the species present and their relative abundances. Schizorhorcx
species (avenage weights of 200-500 g) were among the most conspicuous in numbers and
total biomass. Common carp, Cyvprinus carpio, (average weight 500-2500 g) formed a
XRTA EA CH a                          4.37



Figure 4.16: Photograph of Fish Species Observed in Fishermen's Catch at Mouth of Puwei River
on May 28. 1994.
Dadu, Mingiang and Anning Rivers. Further investioation regarding the distribution and
abundance of these species is warranted.
Two species of fish, identified as occurring in the Jinsha River in Sichuan Province and
identified in the IUCN list of endangered species of the world are the two sturgeon species,
Acipenser sinensis and A. dobryanus. A. sinensis, the giant Chinese sturgeon. Is
anadronous. it grows to nearly 500 kg (over 3.0 s  in length) in the ocean and would return
to spaun in the lower Jinsha  in the vicinite of Yibin in Sichuan Province, approximatuel
3,000 km from the ocean. Construction of the Gezhouba Dam has efrectivel, blomced tha
migration of the sturceon. Effors tO artificially spawn the species and return juveniles tO
the river downstream  from Gezhouba are repotily relatvely successful (Yu, CHIDI, pers.
comm; Bi, Ministry of Forestry, pers. comm.). The artificial spawning programCH includes
collection of gravid adults, artificial extrusion and fertilizaiion of the eggs, incubation of the
eggs, and rearing the fry to a free-swimming stage in a series of ponds. Juvenile sturgeon
ERTAW EM-Cd                            4,39



Wb   Vcrub                            vI,
~  cutting land 79!} {{1      i
7rrr  poorly-forested land              y           i x9 a&
5 wRaste land for reforestation  S   :      RTAES
o        20         40        60   'PNHIU                            *R        i
Figure 4.17: F:orestry map (1978) of the lower Y along watershed and surroundings.
9;: :2
WA It ee                C4                     4 W-



characterized by some 14,500 species of flowering plants, with many of these species are
known only from China. The forests were dominated by oaks (Fagaceae: Castanopsis,
Lithocarpus and up to a dozen other genera), and laurels (Lauraceae). Among the endemic
species of trees of this area are Schottky's oak Cyclobalaroides glaucoides, Delavay's oak
Castanopsis delavayi, Smith's fir Abies georged, Evelyn's keteleeria A. evetyniana. and the
Yunnan pine Pinus yunanesis. `Is later species is a pioneer species typical of open forest
gaps, landslips and similar sites in the lower montane zone. The forest trees of the main
canopy would typically reach 20 m in height, with layers of smaller trees and shrubs beneath
them. A very small percentage of the original cover of this forest type remains in China.
The distribution of remnant areas of subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest and other
vegetation types in the vicinity of the Yalong River in southwest Sichuan is shown in Figures
4.17 and 4.18.
The primary vegetation on the steep slopes immediately above the Yalong River have the
appearance of a savannai- scattered, open canopy trees with grasses and forbs prevalent
between the trees, as shown in FLgure 4.19. This savanna-like appearance of the lower
elevation forests (from the river level to approximately 1200 m) is probably the result of
harvesting of the mature timber with the only partial regeneration of some trees. The open
canopy is probably now manntained by livestock grazing, as evidenced by numerous trails
observed on the steep slopes, coupled with the steepness of the slopes and the associated
shallow soils.
As is typical in mountainous regions with extreme topographic relief, the distribution of
vegetative types is highly correlated with elevation in the Yalong Vallev. This elevational
zonation in the Yalong valley is depicted schematically in Figure 4.20. Within the area of
the Ertan Reservoir, the vegetative cover is dominated by various grasses and forbs with
small shrubs and trees scattered on the steep slopes of the valley (See Figure 4.19). The
grass-shrub-scattered tree type vegettion dominates the valley floor and slopes wi6h
elevations less than 1,100 to 1,200 m. Semi-humid evergreen broadleaf forest, characteristic
of the subtropical climate, occurs at mid elevations in the vicinity of the Ertan Reservoir
(between elevations 1,100 and 1,600 on north facing slopes and between elevations 1,200 and
STA EA CM                            4.43                                 -



2500             Pinus ylnnanensis forest     2500        '
,' (or mixed forest with pine and oak)         >
2000                                           2000
____-…__Xv            Evergreen oak- forest             '
1500                                           1500_
bush and grass
with few trees    -     - - -  --
1000                                          10
shade slope                                 sunny slope
Figure 420:  Schematic representation of altitudinal zones of vegetation in the Yalong Valley.
Engelhardia spicara, Phyllanthus emblica, and Jarropha curcas. The arasses are comprised
of Imperata cylindrica, Hereropogon contortus. 77Temeda iriandra, and Cymbopogon distans.
Of the 10,100 ha area to be inundated by the Ertan Reservoir, approximately 2,400 ha are
covered by this type of vegetation. Above 1,200 m the remnant broadleaf forests are
dominated by Quercus franceii, mixed with Engelhardia colebrookiana. Diospyl-os
moUllfolia, Cvclobalanopsis delavayi and others. Because the distribution of this type of forest
is limited below 1,200 m, only scattered tracts, ranging in size from 10 to 100 ha occur
within the area to be inundated bv the reservoir. The total amount of land covered bv these
remnant areas within the reservoir area is approximately 1.050 ha. Above 1.700 m the
oak'laurel vegetation is mixed with rhododendrons Rhododenldron, winterareen GaidJherio.
and bilberries Vaccciniu,ni. These species intergrade with the Yunnan pine (P. vunnanelnsis)
forests above Elevation 1600 m (See Figure 4.20).
2.    Fauna
Recent information pertaining to the fauna of the Yalong River basin is not readily available.
Descriptimn of the vertebrate communities is based on records of collections made in the
94112
S*TAII EA CL                          4.45



govemments to control insects that caused considerable damage to agricultural crops. In lieu
of the effects of widespread use of pesicides. a total of 229 species of birds are recorded
from the area surrounding the Ertan Reservoir (Annex 2.4). Five species are considered
endangered by the global community and, of these, four occur in the subtropical broadleaf
forest (see discussion of Biological Diversity, Section 4.4.3). The fifih species, the
black-necked crane, winters in cultivated areas of the Yalong Valley and is clssified as
Vulnerable by IUCN. In China, the black-necked cane is designated as a first-grade species
(endangered) under-the Cninese Endangered Species Act (See Chapter 3). Temminck's
tragopan, Iragopan temmincfli, is also protected as a second-grade species (threatened) under
the Chinese Endangered Species Act .
The bird species occurring in the vicinity of the Ertan Project can be categorized into one
of four groups based on their distribution:
1.    Birds of the river valleys with the tree sparrow, Passer mon anus, being the dominant
resident species. Other species include wading birds, water fowl and other nmigratory
species that move into the area during different seasons.
2.    Birds of agricultural areas including tree sparrow, tawny-flanked prinia (Prinia
subflava), white wagtail (Moracilla alba), and Japanese white-eye (Zosterops
japonica).
3.    Birds of the disturbed broadleaf forest, represented by the crested finch-billed bulbul
(Spiziros canifrons), the white-collared babbler (Yuhina diademala), and the
black-headed sibia babbler (Hlezerophasia melanoleuca).
4.    Birds of the conifer forest, represented by the red-tailed siva babbler (Minla
ignonncra).
The common pheasant (Phasianws cokhicus), Chinese francolin (Francolinus piutadeanus),
ruddy  shelduck (Tadnza fernrginea), teal (Anas creca), spot-billed  duck (Anas
fl112
MAN a aCM                             4.47



Yibin
0 Xichang
Erran Damr
0         100         200
Figure 4.21:  Current. Known Distributionof Giant Pandas in Western Sichuan (narrow lines)
and Locations of Nature Reserves (bold-gazetted. hatched-proposed) (Sichuan
Forestry Departmem. 1985).
ONTAN EA c.a                             4.49,.



they feed on insects, rats and mice that are considered pests on agricultural crops. Other
species are considered pests (rats and mice) and some are important in public health
programs because they either carry various human diseases or they are host to invertebrate
vectors of human diseases.
3..   Biological Diversity and Conservation
The maintenance of ecological biodiversity has become a major concern among conservaion
organizations, aadonal governments and international funding agencies around the world.
This concemn focuses on the maintenance and presevation of natural biological communities
and has grown out of the realization that human interference in natural communities is
leading many species to the brink of extinction. The primary goal for maintaining biological
diversity throughout the world is to reduce the further destruction of natural communities and
to preserve the habitat for species near extinction. The concern for maintaining species
diversity in China is reflected in China's recently developed Biodiversity Action Plan.
Within this plan, the people of China have recognized that many ecosystems, unique to
China, are of value and should be maintained. Consequently, the biodiversity of the area to
be affected by the Ertan Hydroelectric Project has become a concem  of both the
environmental community within China and intemational environmental organizations
monitoring development in developing nations.
The Ertan Project lies within the BioUnit 39(a) described in China's Biodiversity Action
Plan. This BioUnit. delineated as the Southwest Mountains Biounit. is described as 'vcrn
rMPorTanr' because the richness of plant. bird and mammal species present. and it ranks
second or third in all rhina in terms of its diversity. To do a detailed. fine-grained
assessment of biological diversity for the Ertan Project is not possible. however. due to the
limited amount of information available for the BioUnit. In general, the biodiversity within
the inundation zone is relatively low. The majority of the area is highly disturbed by historic
and current human activity: Nearlv half of the inundation area is occupied by agricultural
activities (farming and herding), human settlement, replanted forest, timber harvest areas
(including maintained fuelwood forests), grassland hillside, or aquatic habitats (rivers,
r  EA C,                             4.50



irrigation ponds, fish ponds, etc). Much of this intervention occurred many years to several
decades ago and much of the area is only lightly used with some regeneration of typical
vegetation types apparent.
Even with the extent of human activity there are a few remnant areas of native vegetation
that have survived human intervention. As described previously (Section 4.4.1), scattered
subtropical broadleaf evergreen, forest remnants occur throughout the reservoir.area. Because
these forests are generally found between elevations 1,100 m and 1,700 m, the total amount
of this type of forest within the inundation zone is relatively small and scattered. Tracts
ranging in size from 10 to 200 ha account for approximately 1,000 ha or 10 percent of the
total area to be inundated by the reservoir. This type of forest is somewhat more prevalent
at elevations above 1,200 m. The occurrence of this the broadleaf forest at elevations above
the inundation zone will be of importance in the overall environmental management plan
proposed for the Ertan Project. Although the subtropical broadleaf forest does occur within
the valley of the Yalong River, specific knowledge pertining to the health of that biotype
is not available at this time.
Aside from the occurrence and distribution of the various forest types within the inundation
zone, little specific information is available to perform a fine-grained biodiversity assessment
of the Ertan Project. As described previously, the occurrence of vertebrate species within
the Yalong River basin hbas not been updated for many years. However, the potential
biodiversity in the area, based on international standards, can be best described with respect
to the bird community. The importance of the diversitv of particular ecological communities
is generally indicated by the number of species which are endemic not only to the habitat
tvpes but also to the particular area.  Among the various vertebrate groups, the bird
community of southwestern Sichuan is best known and their levels of endemism are generallv
indicative of endemism in other taxonomic groups.
An assessment of the world's most important areas for conservation has recently been
completed by Bird Life International (formerly the ICBP). The basis of defining important
areas for targeting conservation efforts was the delineation of 'endemic bird areas' (EBA).
3' 112
EA cm                                4.51



An EBA is defined by the presence of two or more bird species that have restricted ranges
(less than 50,000 km2) and their entire distribution is within the area. Given this definition,
it was determined that twelve EBAs are found in China. One of these.EBAs is the 'South
Chinese Forests' which covers lowland areas up to about 2000 m. Another is the 'Central
Sichuan Forests' occurs at elevations above 2000 m in the montane zone. Portions of the
Yalong River basin (including the vicinity of the Ertan Reservoir) occur in-both of these
EBAs. Because the Central Sichuan Forest occurs at elevations well above the reservoir
area, it is not of concern with respect to the Ertan Project. However, the South Chinese
Forest EBA designation is relevant to the Ertan roject. A total of five restricted-range bird
species occur in the South Chinese Forest EBA (Table 4.8). The species are further
restricted to the broadleaf forests that occur within the 10,000 km2 area comprising the EBA.
With the exception of the laughing-thrush, all are considered to be endangered (Bird Life
International). Although the area covered by this EBA is about 10,000 kin2, considerably
Less than this is suitable habitat for these species and less than 5 percent is in currently in
gazetted conservation areas. Consequently, the Ertan Reservoir becomes important in the
overall assessment of the project and provides an opportunity for preserving habitat for these
endangered bird species.
Table 4.8:    Restricted-range birds of the broad-leaved 'South Chinese Forests'.
CoNmon Name                 Scientific Namue            Atitucdinai
raqe (im)
Sichuan pnrtridze             Arborophilla rufipeclus        1200-1800
Gtild-Fronied iulvetia         Alappe rariegadceps            700-1900
Red-wun2bed laughing thrush   Garrulad fornnasus             1200-2600
Omei Shan liocichia           Liociclida onmcireus           1000-2400
Sil'er airi(ile               Oriolas meilianus               300-1450
Currently, there are onlv IwD existing nature reserves in the same sub-biounit as the project
area (Figure 4.22):
5rAt EA cmIL                            4.52                                    ;



*      C           /                  tPt t* 
(31~~~~-
N~~~~~~~~~~\N
I't. Ltuoji
X
Ertan Darmsite
Panzhihuia-Su?eilin)
Figure 4.22: Locations of Reserves in the Southwest Nountains Biounit in Sichuan Province:
Black - gazetted; white - proposed
ERT:4 EA C                         4.53



Luoji Shan
Area:              23,000 ha
Altitude range:          2000-4000 m
Gazetted:                1986
Agency:                  Local government
Justification:           Rare flora and fauna, glacial relics and natural
mountain scenery
Staff:                   4 persons
Annual budget            20,000 (0.9 yuanhia)
Condition:               Reasonable
Panzbihua Suteiin
Area:              300 ha
Altitude range:          976-2920 m
Gazetted:                1983
Agency:                  Local government
Justification:           Populations of the cycad Cycas panzhihuaenszs
Staff:                   5 persons
Annual budget:           10,000 yuan (33 yuan/ha)
Condition:               Rather disturbed at lower elevations
Neither of these preserves target the preservation of the lowland broadleaf evergreen forest
cited within the South Chinese Forest EBA, nor do they contain the broadleaf forest types
like those found in the project area. Luoji Shan is situated at elevations much higher than
those in which the broadleaf forest is found and the Panzhihua Suteilin Preserve focuses
entirelv on the preservation of the cvcad population. Consequently, neither preserve provides
for the cunservatior of the broadleaf evergreen forest which is the habitat utilized bv the five
Nrd species ciled in Table 4.S.
Beza3vse the occurrence ot any of the rive endemic bird species in the evergreen broadleaf
!orests surrounding the Ertan Proiec: is not known, the opportunity for preserving some of
the native forests is an important component as part of the Ertan Hydro mitigation plan.
Specific measures to advance this opportunity are described in the impact assessment and
mitigation section of this EA (Section 5).
ERTAH EA CH4                          4.54.



E.. Soci-economic Environment
1..   Water Use
Although the Yalong River and the Ertan Project are located in a relatively uninhabited
portion of southwest Sichuan Province, there are some existing uses of the river that mav be
affected- by project structures and operation. The potendal effects to these uses may be
attributable to changes in the hydrologic regime, water quality, or sediment load in the river.
Because hanges to the hydrologic and water quality regimes may be realized downstream
from the confluence of the Yalong with the Jinsha River, a survey of existing water uses was
condbcted between the upper end of the Ertan Reservoir and Yibin. Existing uses of the
river and river channel are described below.
a..   Structures Present in the River Channel or Along the
Shoreline
Structures located in and along the Yalong River within the impoundment zone were
inventoried during the planning for resettlement activities and are discussed in the
resettlement sections of the EA. These structures and uses are not addressed here.
Structures in the Yalong River downstream from the Ertan darn site include: timber handling
facilities located at Mis1iaituo, Xiaodeshi, Anning River mouth, Daping,di, Niupingzi, and
Sanduizi; an industrial water supply pumping station for the Panzhihua Mine Power Plant
near the confluence of the Yalong with the Jinsha; and the piers of three bridges across the
Yalong River between the dam site and the Jinsha River confluence.
Structures located on the banks of the Yalong River which may be impacted by project
operation include the shoreline facilities associated with the timber handling sites identified
above; residential buildings at Xiaodeshi and Tongzilin; and ancillary buildings associated
with the Panzhihua Mine Power Plant.
S4112                                4-
ERI EA CHS                           4.6n



b,.    Downstream Industrial, Agricultural, and Domestic Water
Supply
Use of the Yalong River downstream from the Ertan Project for industrial, agricultural and
domestic water supply is limited. Currently, water is drawn from the Yalong River at the
Panzhihua Mine Power Plant and at several locations on the Jinsha between the Yalong
confluence and the Jinjiang Railway Station. During construction, water is withdrawn from
the Yalong for use at the construction labor cmps, at the concrete batch plants, and at the
contractorladministration units established to house the construction managers. Once the
project is completed, the Yalona River will serve as the primary source of water for the
Yanbian County town to be construCted on the right side of the Yalong River downstream
from the confluence of the Anning River.
The Panzhihua Mine Water Treatment Plant has a design purification capacity of
approximately  5,000 tons of water per day (about 0.17 mn31s). Water treated at this plant
is used primarily by 60,000 to 65,000 residents in tne Panzhihua City area to meet domestic
requirements. Very little of the water is used for industrial purposes. The pumping station
for the water treatment plant is Iccated on the Yalong upstream from its confluence witt, the
Jinsha River and is operated on a 24-hour basis. Trhe pumping station houses four punmps
each with a lifting capacih of '280 m;/h and a total capacity of 27,000 m3(day. Currently,
onlv two pumps are used on a 24-hour basis with the remaining two operated as-needed or
as reserve pumping capacitv.
Several small pumping stations are located along the Jinsha River be:ween the confluence of
the Yalon: River and the Jiniiang Railway Station. These pumping stations are mounted on
floating boats or on tracks that can be moved up and down with the water level. The amrnrn:
of water withdrawn at these sites is quite small.
c..   Transportation or Tinber
A primary existing use of the Yalon2 River is for transporting harvested fimber -- mainly
312                                   45
ATNd a C                              4.56
-I-



from plantations located in the upper portions of the Yalong Catchment -- to the ecilctlion
and processing centers near the moutih of the Yalong and on the Jinsha River to Yibin. The
Yalong is the principal transportation corridor for timber within Sichuan Province. Forestr'*
practices in the upw.r basin are discussed in more detail in Section 4.5.2. Locations of the
primari forest management areas where this timber is harvested are depicted in Ficure 4.23.
Harvested logs are placed ii the river aud conveyed downstrcain to the timber handling
facilities at Xiaodeshi. Anning River Mouth and others. Most of Lhe handling- facilities
between Xiaodeshi and tile mouth of the Yalong River are constructed of floating piers
anchored in the middle of the channel. At Xiaodeshi, a conr;ete-pier collection facility has
been constructed along the left bank of the river as shown in Fizure 4.2.
At these locations the logs are accumulated irnto rat.s which are then conveyed to the lumber
mills in Yibin, approximatelv 800 I;m from the soutces in the upper Yalong Basiin.
Generally, use of the river for conveying logs occurs on!:y during dhigh flow season
between June and Septermber wlhen nearly 98 percent of th}e lo- a-riv:  at the hanciling
facilities in the reach below the Errnn Dam site. Ail of the i:mb7. h;.M.dlini facilities at the
lower end of the Yalong River are desiglned to operate when disI arpe is at ,eas;  5 ,0n0 mIs.
d..   Commercial Navi-alion
The 32 k}m reach of the Yalong River from thc Errar: r'an; site to r-e -:con::uence .with the
Jinsha River is currentiy unnavigabie due to the presence of shoals and rapids in the r.:-r
cinannel. Transportation through this portion of the valley is accompiished via hiah.;av.
along both the left and right banks and via the rail line on the right bank throu h Tong!zi;-n.
Downst-nam  from  the confluence of the Yalong, the Jinsha Rivcr is navigab'e ;or
approximately 140 km frcnm Panzhihua to Zaogutian. However, this reach is used o::i
seasonally in June and December between the extreme dry months and the extreme wet
months. Between Zaogutian and Xinshizhen, extending approximately 150 km, the jfnsha
contains many rapids and shoals making this reach unnavigable. The 53 kbm reach betwve?n
Xinshizhen and Xiantan is used seasonally, again only during the months of June and
Et 5:2
EirWNX. Zit "                           4.57-



NX X    SEDA
DEGE0
QANZI
a~~~~~
Xinlorgc                       Daou
|               o~~~xEGEND                  Urg                                 |XNGDIING
Qumitr of City or Coun y   _                                                  f
Existing Forcatry Bumeau                               
Ptanned Fesstry Bumc.u                                   \ 
County Bounmdn                   _iuh o] uln
N1 urnuer |Furcctr; Burew   j 9XK,1!!=d Pd--|
-                                                         .
I         Jiulong       _    .1
9         Yanvuan          70.000__________/
10       p_  50.000                                                               Dan site
I       Tota.             :.I.OO.O 0
_                                                 PAZHE{UA 'PANZH    A
figure 4.23:   Loucaions of Timber Harvest Areas and Forest Management Bureaus *r Yalv.%q River
Basin.
sai1 -a:
jRTA'L EA CMG                                         4.58



k ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A
:  ; -               yi  :
Figure 4.24:  Log Handling Facilities in Yalong River at Xiaodeshi. II km. Downstream From
Ertan.
December. From Xiantan to Yibin. navigation use of the river is possible throughout the
vear. Because the industrial anu agricultural productor' in the urn:e- Dortions o. the Jinsha
is quite low. there is little need for mass transportation oi gooch- via the rive..
There are several ferries present along this rcach that link highways and provide to: pcrsons
wishing to cross the river. Such ferries are located at Qsaojia. Longjie, Y uzha and Jinjiang.
Numerous boats observed at various locations alon2 the r.ve. are used e;ther by local
su5sistenze fishermen or by operators of various facilities lik-e the waler pump statior.s
described previous!l.
2..    Land use
Surveys of land use in 1985 for the Sichuan porton of the Yalong watershed (96 percent of
UI 12
74kA Fa H                                4.59



Ilaole .4.Y:    Ur&VtV 01 LULflu   b I i I 1I VI.A Al CALD.CAl. Ai. Aa "Ld; 6'IG ib'. -
Yalong catchment               Yanbian Counvo
km2            %               kr:m      
Forestrv land      37,&11          34              1,809          65
CultivaLion         2.304           2                223           8
Grazing land       58,046          s5                541          20
WVater surtace       1.982          2                  16        <1
Other              10.615          10                160           6
Iodi 111,298                                      2,7165
its total - ea; in general and of Yanbian County in particuiar were made in 1985 and the
results are shown in Table .A.9. Land use is, in part., determined by altitude with cultivated
'and more conmnon at lower elevation ±an at highe-r elevation and forests less commorn at
low altiEudes than at high altiLudes.
Table 4.10:   Trends in F'.rest Cover. 1960- 980.
Catchrnent           Percenl Forest
Lucaalil' in ita.) . ain  Counties          Arcea          60"    70 's    8'is
E, !^  1,;.. 11 Shiqu. Gtnzt.           JcIE.0          ;.33fc  I.E4-   1.-^
Decc. Sc-Ja
!.ltJJl Reach    xionc. Liza:lc.            .:2. lo       13.39" 13.26q 11.627c
'asl:.L;huci.
DaDtu. KanPcLng!
Lower Ruach      Jiulome. Mlul. Y'ar.-uanr   3 O. f5r      25.065% 2.ll';c 26.58i
Uiar-.n   Xm-h'w,, WiY!,
D:.hang. 'Y an:i-u%
CombineJ Catchment Are.t                    111.299        12.33   13.C'I2% 12.32'5
E:TUAI EA C144                               4.60



The extent of forest (defined as tree cover greater than 30 percent) in the carchnien: at
present and in the past is shown in Table 4.10. The increase in the proportion of the area
covered bv forest fiom the 1'960s to the 1970s is due to a program of aerial sowing of tree
seeds in the 1960s. Results of this repianting became noticeable in the 1970G. Prior to the
;9605 the practice of cutting fort,ts and without reiplanting resulted in a decline in the forest
area. Currently the proportion of the area with forest cover in the lower reaches of the
Yalong around the reservoir (26 percent) is twice the Sichuan average. In Yanbian County
33 percent of the land area is covered by forest. These forested areas contribute significantly
to water and soil conservation in the reservoir area.
a..   Agriculture
About 15 percent of the land within the reservoir area (about i .700 ha) is cultivated. In
general the Han people occupoy the valley bottomrrs where thicker and more fertile so.Is.
combined with long experience with water management and rice cuitivauon. each  ea2r
produce two or three harvests of nrc. corn, wheat, peanuts. sugarcanc and other minor
crops. Pigs and ducks are common stock animals- The Yi people tend to oc cupy the hig!ser
elevations where only one har:est is produced each year because oF' iie lower temperatures.
greater diurnal temperature variation. slower plant growth, thin and relatively :nfernile soil.
and frequent landslips. The major crops are potato and buckwheat producing an average oi
2250 kwha. The main sLock- animals are goats: sh,eep are found at higher altitudes. The
Rrassv areas of ;he middle monmane r.gions above 1500 m a.re th.e mostr suitable ;ar £rzin-:
below this the grasslands are subject to a long drv season and are of ooor ataIlMi .
Ecwnomic trees in the reservoir region include walnut, chestnut, ap;ic. pear. tung o:l ree.
niulberrv. bamboo. and citrus. Yanvuan apples are .. .;1i known for the:: color. smell. aln
tame and are an important export commodity.
b..   Forestry
In the Yalong catchmenr as a who! the timber forests cover approximately 0.85 million ha.
ERTAH EA C'4                            4.61



An estimated 404 million ml of timber is present within the valley of which there is
approximately 9.8 million m  of harvestable timber. Spruce and fir trees comprised the
majority of the timber above 2000 m. After cutting, the logs are floated down the Yalong
and Jinsha rivers for processing in Yibin. Most of the logs are cut from old growth forests,
and regeneration/replanting is hampered by diseases caused by indigenous organisms of the
natural forests. The spruce and fir generally grow on poor montane soils, and plantings often
take 15 years to form a closed canopy, and 20 years to reach 20-m heighL. Annual
production of logs Ir. the Yalong catchment reached a peak of 1.1 million rnP prior to 1985,
with 90 perce. :, uiis production transported via the river. Annual timber production has
declined since 1985 to approximately 0.3-0.4 million m3 in 1994. The reduced production
is attributed to new forestry policy designed to balance harvest and regeneration rates.
In the southern, mainly pine-growing areas of Puwei and Yanbian, the rate of harvesting
pines was, until quite recently. greater than the rate of replanting The forest bureau of both
Puwei and Yanbian are currently attempting to reverse this trend through replanting of the
pines in harvested areas. The areas replanted with Yanbian pine seeds and seedlings. The
Forestry Bureaus expect the seedlings will form a d!osed-canopy and in seven vears, and will
reach 6 m in height in 15 yeats.
The Forestrv Law enacted in 1989. requires that ;hc quanriw of timber harvested from an
area be less than the quantity grown. The purpose of this poiicv is to increase the amount
ixmuer ir. a iven area  in addition. the lav. requires nat foresitr  manaoement policv
Do:cnId_ .t�-:
- rcasonable use or uimber resources,
- improvement of the fores: compositior.
- increase in forest comp(b;:!un.
- increase in ecoloTical and environmental benefits.
- multiple uses. and
- increase in economic benefits.
E1 1:
ERTAN A CHO4                          4.62        -
j_



Certain forests, such as some of those in the Ganyu Valley, are recognized as important for
water conservation. These are owned by the Department of Water Resources which entrusts
the management of them to the local bureau of the Department of Forestry. Only dead timber
may be cut frormi these forests.
Provincial regulations for mountainous regions stipulate that to maintain ecosystem balance,
water conservation and soil conservation, tree harvesting is not allowed on slopes over 40'.
on slopes less than 40° where the soil is thin or replanting difficult, in tracts of isolated
forest less than 20 ha in area, within 100-200 m of montane grassland or shrubs, within 50
m of all-season streams, and within I kan of upper catchments. Onlv selective cutting of up
to 30 percent of the harvestable timber is permited within 500 m of large rivers, or within
50 m of residential areas, reservoirs, and power stations.
In addition to use of available forests for timber, some pine tree stands are managed for
production of resin. Resin, tapped from pine trees, is collected in a manner similar to the
collection of rubber latex. Distillation of the pine resin producer ros;- an' turpentine, the
former used in varnish,-paint, ink and paper indusuries, while turpentine is used in various
pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
c..   Industry and Mining
Industries located within the Ertan Reservoir area are generally small and self-supporting.
Repair shops, manufacture of spare parts. a small cemen: plant. cereal processing, brewery.
sugar refining (Table 4.11) constitute the majoritv of industries irf the Yalong Vallev. Up
to 160 active mines are present in the Yalong Valley, most of which are verv small with
limited production. The major mines include the Ertan Clay Mine which is exploiting a
deposit of approximately 5.5 million tons, and the Yanbian Hongni coal mine which is
exploiting a coal deposit with approximately 169 million tons in reserve. The mined clay is
important in the manufacture of refractories for the Panzhihua steelworks.
Eli EA D                             4.63



Table 4.11:   Industries Lucated in the Ertan Reservoir Area.
Competent
Name        Location      Authority            Owner Staff  Maihn Products
Ertan Clay Mine  Jinlong Hili  Panzhiua Steel/lro   Statte   1015  Kaolin:
Production Company                 110,000 t/yr
Julv I Power    Third Village  Walr Power Bureau   Idem           Energy: 1,000kw
'iYumn       Yanbian County
Cemert Fa6tnry    Xiianuian    Indus:rv:            ldcm    124   Cement:
JianLkm.t    Comanmr.icaions                     30,000 tiyr
Bureau. Yanbian Countv
3..   Land Transportation
The Chengdu-Kunming railwuay lire passes alona the left bank of the Yalong from the Anning
River mouth to the Jinsha River. Rai3 stations are located at Tonazilin and ]injiang. The
Tongzilin Station, is located just 18 km from the dam site and is the major off loading site
for heavy equip-ment anld materials necessary for construction of the project.
Tne   main   highways  are:  Sichuan-Yunnan.  Xichang-Muli.  Dechang-Yanbian.
Yanbian-Wudukou  Lund transporutaion in the vicinitv of the Ertan Project is gencrally quite
poor because of t-he r£aged mountain terra.in. Consequentld, considerable T.oad upgrade and
corstruction was necessary to acc2mnmodate conslruction related traffic. NIos of the Droiec:
a:a is accessible oniy on foot or horseback. The rugged mountain area has hfew good roads
alC the common of means of travel by locl' residents z bV horse.
TA114
ERTAN EAn                                4.64



4..   Administrative Units and People
a..   Administrative Units
The region to be inundated by the reservoir directly involves five coLunties:
- Yanbian and Miyi of Panzhihua Municipality,-and
- Dechang, Yanyuan and Xichang of Liangshan Yi Aulonomous Prefecture.
These counties and their adhninistrative centers are shown in Figure 4.25.  The most
populous part of the reservoir area is the Ganyu vallv where there are some 630 people/km2
and about 40 ha cultivated land/km2. Density of humans in the remaining part of Lh'i
reservoir is 60 people/km2 and agricultural intensitv is limited to approximately 10 ha
land/km2.
b..   Socio-economic Conditions
The socio-economic conditions in the whole of the five coun:ies affected by the reservoir are
shown in Table 4.12. It should be noted thaL these data were compiled in 1985 and rev;sion
of these figures would be required if the survevs are reconducted. T1he apoarent rapid
increase in population size between 1977 and 1983 obser.eo in Yanvuan County was
apparentlv due to immigration associated with additional ioe oprvtua iies nd the influx of
eovemnmental administrators. Simnilarly, the population 2ro0wth in Xichang Countv was
stimulated by the rapid growth of the aerospace induslr\ and the associaced influx of officials
into the countv zovernmcntal agencies.
c..   Minority Nationalities
Althouoh riost of the people in the project area belong to the mnaioritv Han nationality,
another 20 nationalities are represented. The most numerous of the m..inority r,ationalizies in
the project area is the Yi. Approximately 39,400 of 168,200 people in Yanbian County are
qTIAN LA CHS                          4.65



LEGEND                                                          Xichang*
*     Municipality capital
*     County capital
MunicipalitylPrefecture boundary                              .4
County boundary                                            XICHANG
KProvince boundary                                  I
YANYUAN
Dechang*
(?          DECHANW
YANBIAN 
MI-
.4      /      abian                                      Mi_ vi
AA/.
Pazhihua  ~
Figure 425:  Administrative Units in the Ertan Reservoir Area.
U112
INTA EA C4                        -   4.66



Table 4.12:   Socioeconomic Conditions in 1985 for the Five Counties Affected by the Reservoir.
County
Iten           Unit         Yanbian   Miyi Deehng Yan)unnXichang   Total
Total Aea            k             .1 ,765    2,105   2,240   8,370  2484   17,964
Cultivated Land      ha            8,993   10,951  12,456  38.286  24,845   95,531
Crops            ha            3,305    7,328   8,240   7,564  17,031   43,468
Gazing           ha            5,687    3.623   4,215  30,721   7,813   52,059
Annual Grain       tonlyear       48,360   55.320  63,045  86.295  15,255  265,275
Production
Number of Households              25.537   35,588         48.496  55.355
Rufal                         23.255   30,029  26,870  44,758  52,282  177.194
Population                       123.307  174.279 147,474 248.627 260,000  953,617
Rural                        113.651  149,302 132,660 232.301 249.916  877.830
Annual Production   X 106 yuan     36.75    62.70   48.20   72.45   78.74    98.84
Industry      X l06 yuan       10.60    24.82   10.97   13.86    8.09    68.24
Agricultur    X 106 yuan       26.15    37.88   37.33   51.59   70.65   230.60
Rural Labor    .                    46.5    43.6   45.9   46.2   47.0    46.8
Population Growtk                    6.6      6.4    8.6   17.9   14.4
GrmythofGran                                  L6     5.6    4.7      7.A
minority nationalities, more than half of whom are Yi.
There are more than 5 million Yi pcople distributed through Yunnan. Sichuan and Guizhou
Provinces. Prior to the end of the Ming dynasty (1644), the Yi people werc prevalent in the
project area. At that time the onlv permanent settlement of consequence was Yanyuan.
After the people's rebellion and the invasion by the Manchus in 1644. many Han people fled
to saretv in the westem mountains, where some were taken as slaves bv the Yi. Through
the years the proportion of Han incrcased as a result Df their fleeing a varietv of disturbances
in the low land areas. Finally. the number of Han people moved into the region as a
consequence of organized relocation programs. The town of Yanbian ('boundary of the Yan
area') was founded by Han people. probably earlier this century. A result of the immigration
of the Hans was displacement of the Yi into the more mountainous areas which the Han
tended to avoid as much as possible.
9    A112
EXTANI EA OC"-                           4.67



The social structure of ihe Yi people is relatively simple. The Yi are divided into distinct
clans which each have a social organization based on caste. The dominant caste owns all
property and thereby controls the lower caste which is, in effect, a laboring and landless
group. Marriage is confined within caste and clan. Agriculture is the main econoMIc
activity, work in the fields being done only by the lower caste. The Y believe that all
objects possess spirit and that their lives are ruled by destiny; amulets are worn lhroughout
life to ffect protection.
Most of the Yi people living in the vicinity of the project confin their activities to areas
abovc 1600 m asl levation, where they combine culiivation of potatoes, corn, and some
wheat with the herding of goats. Some sheep are also kept but these are as much as for
jousting contests as for meat. Sheep are more important to Yi living in western regions.
hMe goats are very important to the Yi because they provide meat and leather, somie of which
is taded to the Han for supplementray food and material goods (Figure 4.26). Other goods
traded are walnuts, mushrooms, and medicinal herbs.
The rmaing 20,000 minority residcnts of Yanbian County comprise the other 19 minority
groups represented in the county. Most of these minorities are immigrants from other areas
of Sichuan and from other provinces. None of these minorities have established cultural
groups and tend to be integrated into the general population. A large portion of these
3112     ;'
TMg FA DU - *  -                      4.68



Figure 4.26: Yi Woman Herding Guoas.
minority groups moved into the region to take advantage of job opportunities and therefore
do not necessarily constitute politically or culturallv distinct groups Only the Yi peop]e are
native to the area and retain much of their cultural integrity.
d..   Cultural Resources
The Yalong valley has been an important traffic corridor and rTeion oi culturai exchange for
centuries Remains from cultural periods startins from the Pa!aeoii-hzc have been found about
160 km south of the dam site in Yunnan- Excavations conducted in the middle of the Ertan
reservoir region in 1979;1980 revealed the presence of NNeolithic sites with gra%es ancd
cultural objects similar to those found to the south in Da Dun-zn. Ytianmnou Count;. Y'unnan.
and to the north in Lizou. Xichang County. Sichuan. A thorough survey by provincaa! and
other experts is currently being conducted and the final report is expected some cime after
June 1995.
e..   Schools and other educational facilities
EWNTi EA CHM                          44.69



Yanbian CDunty has 2 primary schools and 2 secondary schools.
f.    Public Health
(1).  Infectious Diseases
In 1986, infectious diseases known to occur in the vicinity of the Etan Reservoir included
malaria, schistosoniasis, epidemic encephalitis, andh, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,
infectious hepatitis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, bacillary dysentery, and endemic
goiter. In additional there are local problems with hemorrhagic fever and scrub typhus
(Ertan Phase I EA, 1989). In general, the occurrence of these diseases in the general
population has either remained relatively constant or has declined due to actions of public
health agencies in the respective governmental sectors.
(a).  Malaria
Malaria has more or less been brought under control over the last few decades, and
Panzhihua Municipality was declared free of malaria in 1991 by the Panzhihua Public Health
Bureau. l'he control of malaria, in part, was the consequence of the massive program of
pesticide applicaioa to control agricultural pests. This program had the dual purpose of
reducing agricultural losses to insect pests and to reduce or eliminate anhropod vectors of
human diseases, in this case the mosquito.
(b).  Schistosomiasis
Belore 1979, Yanbian County was considered an epidemic area for schisrosomias:,
(bilharzia), particularly in Yongxing. Jiangxi, Qiansheng and Huimin Rural Areas. Tne
disease is caused by a blood-fluke or trematode flatworm (Schistosoma japonicum). The
parasite is about one cm long and infests the veinuoles of the middle and lower intestinal
tract tn both humans and certain other mammals including rats, water buffalo, cattle and
horses. although the domestic species generally have low rates of infection. The bzsic
ERTM PA CM4                           4.70



epidemiology of an infestation emerges from repeated inoculations of the organism into the
primary host (humans). At low infestions, the disease is generally asymptomatic. Early
symptoms of repeated invasions of schistosomids involve itching of the skin caused by the
entry of the aquatic larva, and skin eruption around the entry point. The disease mechanism
in humans includes blockage of the veinuoles draining the intestinal tract, reaction to
metabolic byproducts from the flukes, and tissue damage of the intestinal tract caused by the
penetration of the eggs tfrough the intestinal wall into the lumen of the intestine. Tne
disease is difficult to treat because various chemical treatments are sensed bv the flules
which then move to the liver until the chemicals are removed from thc system by thc
iietabolic processes of the infected person. Because the flukes are klnown to Iive for many
years, continued contact with water infested with the invasive form will eventually cause
clinical symptoms to appear. Clinical symptoms include high fever accompanied bv
coughing, abdominal pain and rashes. Chronic diarrhea and blood and mucus in the faeces
are also associated with clinical cases of the disease. In later stages with extremely massive
parasite loads, the disease may progress to the liver, heart, brain, spinal cord and pancreas
of the host eventually causing death. Victims may live for manv .-.ater contracting the
disease, but become gradually weaker, and mans eventualvy die of exhaustion or succumb
to other diseases because of theiT weakened condition.
The transmission of the disease requires an intermediate host. a small (-3 mm). igaht brown
snail Oncomelania hupensis. These snails are found in the Far East. innabitine irrigated rice
fields and growths of aquatic weeds particularly water hvacinth (Eichihornia crassipes). The'
also inhabit long grass adjacent to rice fields. and in 2rassv imorauon daztis. The ,._ :
become infected when feces from infected vertebrate hosts are UCepoSItec ;i. :,. I ;
environment inhabited by the snails. The eggs hatch in the open wat-r and tnc iarva- then.
invade the snai! to mature to the form that infects the vertebrate hos: As w::!. the ver:ehbate
hosts. not all snails in a population are infected. Howvever. sufficient numbers can bDcco..
infected such that ar infection rate of just 1 percent at a very low snail density of lOm2
would provide for approximately 1000 infected snails per ha. Both the snail and the
vertebrate hosts are required for the parasite to complete its life cvcle. If either of the hosts
are absent from the system  or sanitation practices are implemented to prevent introduction
tTA .
ERTN4 EA ci.a                          4.71



of the infective forms into either the aquatic system or to lhe vertebrate hosts, the disease can
be controlled. In south China, the snail occurs most frequently at elevations below 900 m.
Although the Ganyu River vallev is a known endemic area, the fact that the Ertan Reservoir
ranges up to 1200 m elevation indicates a relatively small probability that the intermediate
host, the snail, will expand to the upper reaches of the reservoir.
Since 1958, all levels of-Chinese government including national, provincial and county public
health agencies have paid more attention to the disease, establishing means of control and
cure through a combination of mass treatment of human sufferers, agro-engineering,
-molluscicides, improved sanitation and health education. This attention and associated
implementation of control measures led Lo the claim of eradication of the schistosomiasis
intermediate host from the Ganyu basin. However, in recent vears it appears that the snail
has once again become prevalent in the area as shown in Figure 4.27 obtained from the
Yanbian County Health Bureau and the Sichuan Provincial Research Institute of Infectious
Diseases (1993). Although the snail is again present in the vallev, according to these
sources, no new cases of schistosomiasis have been reported for some years. In order to
ensure the lowest possible incidence of the disease. measures to minimize the occurrence of
the snail and to improve sanitary practices must continue. In accordance with this desire,
measures to reduce the spread of the snail are proposed as part of the socioeconomic and
resettlement programs associated with the Ertan Project. Additionallv. immigrant workers
to the Ermn Construction Site must be screened before hiring for schistosomiasis. as well as
a number of other infectious diseases. to further minimize the potential spread of these
diseases within the local population. These programs are described in more detail in Chapter
5 as parn of the impact assezsment and mitigation program bein, implemented durinn the
construction of the Ertan Proiect.
(:).   Other Infectious Diseases
The cure and prevention of leprosv in Panzhihua Municipalitv has been mark-edly successful,
in part with WVHO suppor., and the disease is expected to be eradicated by 1997.
Leptospirosis, a debilitating disease transmitted by rats and ra; parasites. is found in Yanbian
E &sA E CH4                           4.72



Qinhe*
(~'  -
Figure 4.27: Distribudonof5SWci oznm asisDisease Vectors in Yanbian County (PanzhiL.ua Health
Bureau, 1993).
", s.c"4                               4.73
MRANIua                                 4.73



County, and there are a few hundred sufferers in the reservoir region. Cures are difficult
to effect but efforts are made to control rat numbers through direct killing efforts and
environmental sanitation. Scrub typhus is alSo spread by rt parasites and despite measures
appears to be increasing in the area. Epidemic hernorrthiic fever and polio are effectively
absent from the area.
(2).  Hospitals and other health-related institutions
There are 5 clinics of different sizes in Yanbian County.
g..   Occupations and Incomes.
About 90 percent of the population is engaged in agricultual labor. The remainder is
employed in factories, industrial projects, mines, commerce, or the government sector. In
1992 the average annual per capita income in Yanbian County was RMB 455; those worling
in industries have the highest incomes, followed by those in government service. Although
those individuals working as farmers have the lowest incomes, much of their food
requirement is obtained through subsistence family practices. Generally, agriculturally-based
families raise not only their own rice and other vegetables, their protein sources (fish,
chickens, pigs, goats, etc.) are also raised by the household.
MAtTN EA C"4                          4.7^4



Chapter 5
5. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
This chapter describes the anticipated effects of the Ertan Hydroelectric Project. The first
section (Section 5.1) describes the environmental and socioeconomic benefits either
incorporated as facilities within the project structures or attributable to secondary features of
the project. Section 5.2 describes the potential impacts and proposed mitigation programs
for the aquatic ecosystem. Section 5.3 similarly describes the impacts and proposed
mitigation to the teretrial ecosystem. Impacts to the socioeconomic svstem and some of
the mitigation measures to be implemented are presented in Section 5.4. The impacts and
mitigation measures encountered during the construction of project facilities are presented
in Section 5.5.
Within the frameworkl of this chapter, nine speciflc mitigation actions are presented to
compensate for anticipated losses attributable to project construction and operation. These
Dlans include:
i     Establishment of a biodiversiz- amnserva;aor. m.araerent. zone bnrweer. @t'X-aiL&.
1200 m and 1300 im adjacent to the protect reservoir, it will cost 1.99 million yuan:
2.    Implementation of a commercial fisherC plan and a fish resources recovery plan.
Initially, some 820,000 vuan are needed to establish the program:
2.    Institution of a public health plan to control potential spread o. tnt%ccious di'cases;
- rearmen. of the Ganvu Rive- Vaziea tO em.a;z;ate_   . o  ::I, *vt:e- wet_
Eichhornia, and possible refugs-e of ';e snail that carnrL  schistosom4asiz. Th:;
program will require 889,000 yuan;
5.    Reconstruction and rehabilitation of the ferry located on tne Jinsha River downstream
from the confluence of the Yalong with the Jinsha, and it will cost 100.000 vuan;
6.    Protection and recovery of cultura. relics occurring within tre impoundment zone. and
some 300,000 yuan are required:
Ecmi 5
;       ~~ERTAn EACIG                          5.1



7.    Instamlation of a waming system downstream from the dam, and the cost for this
program will be 320,000 yuan;
8.    Construction area restoration (its cost estimate is 250,000 yuan); and
9.    Continuation of a public health monitoring program  for construction workers
(approximately 1.22 million yuan are needed).
In addition to these specific mitigation actions, seven monitoring programs have been
established and will be continued once the project is complete. These are described both in
this section and in Chapter 7: Project Monitoring and include:
I.    Hydrological. and sedimentation monitoring;
2.    Meteorological monitoring;
3.    Seismic monitoring;
4.    Landslide monitoring;
5.    Aquatic resources monitoring (including water quality, aquatic vegetation and
aquatic animals);
6.    Terrestrial resources monitoring (including vegetation and wildlife): and
7.    Public Health monitoring.
5.1. Environmental Benerits
Ertan Power Station on the Yalong River is a multipurpose project with the primarv objective
os electric power generation. During the planning phase. other objectives were identified and
have been incorporated into the overall operation and configuration of the prolect structures.
These include transport of harvested irnber from State managed forests in the upper basin
and possible implementaiion of a fish culture program in the Ganyu River vallev portion of
the reservoir (See Section 5.2.6). These benefits and other environmental benefits associated
with the Erran Project are summarized below:
5.1.1.      Power Generation
3"0615
EIWYFI E CHS - 



After completion, the Eran Hydroelectric Project will play a central role in the Sichuan
Electric Power System. In addition to providing an additional 1000 MW of finn energy yield
to the Sichuan Electric System, the regulation of river discharge will enable a 5 percent
increase in the firm capacity of the Gezhouba Hydroelectric Plant located on the Yangtze
River. This increase will be realized primarily during the dry season (January through
April).
The Ertan Hydroelectric Project will also eliminate the need to construct additional
generating capacimty such as a coal-fired thermal generation station. The energy generated at
Ertan is equivalent to burning nearly 9 million tons of coal annually. Constructiofn of Ertan.
then, will avoid potential air pollution and acid rain associated with thermal generating
stations (see Chapter 1).
5.1.2. Navigation
The river channel upstream and downstream of the Enan Hydroelectric Project is
characterized as steep gradient with frequent rapids and shoal areas. Currently. navigation
is not possible except for a few agricultural and sideline boats and motorized boats owned
by various factories and mines in the immediate area of the projecl. No commercial boats
currently operate on the river. After reservoir construction. up to 145 km of the Yalong
River and 40 km of the Ganvu River can be used for commercial transportation. This will
facilitate transportation to and from villages in a 5-countv area around the reservo;.
particularly for the villages in Yanvuan County along the right bank, of the Yalons! River.
Navivation of the reservoir area will create favorable conditions for commercial development
and tourism within the reservoir area.
The Jinsha River, downstream from the project, is only partially navigable. Verv little
commercial navigation occurs on this reach because it is not connected with other navigable
channels. Construction of the Eran Project and the associated regulation of the river will
not immediately affect navigation in the Jinsha River because of the daily fluctuation in river
discharge. However, when the Tongzilin Hydroelectric Plant is completed, navigation on
EIITAW t CHS                           5-3



much of the Jinsha River may be realized. The Tong-;in Hydroelectric Plant will be located
downstream from Ertan and will be designed to rereg. -.te the flow from Ertan. The dail'y
flow fluctuation from Ertan will be altered at Tongzilin to x more constant flow regime, thus
providinb better conditions for navigation. Major improve".ents to commercial navigation
will be realized when additional projects on the Yalong L-re constructed and a larger
percentage of runoff from the Yalong Basin is regulated.
Following completior of Ertan, EHDC will provide for the reconstruction and rehabilitation
of the Yuzha   ry iocated on the Jinsha River downsteam from Jinjiang Railway Station.
This ferry system currently provides linkage between roads on the north and south banks of
the Jinsha River and therefore is a critical link in the regional transportation network.
5.1.3. Industrial and Domestic Water Use
As currently planned, a water intak-e structure will be incorporated into the Ertan Project
componenTs to provide industrial water supply for the Panzhihua Steelworks. l: is estimatee
that the Ertan Reservoir will serve as a source of approximately 50 million r; o0 ua;e,
annuailv for use at the -steel works and in the town ot Panznihua.
5.1.4. Flood Contro;
Within the Yalong River Valley downstream from Ertan, numerous industriai and residenua!
areas arc currently subiect to freauent flooding events. Facilities at risk to floocdins incluce:
uImnDoc recelvine and transier sma:ion.. cLav mine production. coal [ransicr i.- i:::e. a
h!Lnu.a%. I10 k-h transmLsior. sv  -m  agricultural area. anc residential arcas assoc:ated
eac;h of the StaLions. Currently, al. structures are located above me lOG1-ve flood stage
e-t.;.b.c-:  facili:ies located ir ne -."-- c.ar.nel (the tirnber rece.vina stationsj Because all
stru::ures are plackr   above the Ji3-vea; ilooO stage, JhQ benef;i as..xiza..  V-itn rnver
regulainor. L: the Ertan HvaroeI-;crC Project are not grea.
EO"s,E       -
EalWA% E :'E5 



Because the Ertan Resenroir will inot store a significant amount of the total annual discharge
from the Yalong River Basin, significant reduction in flood levels will not be realized.
However. significant flood control will be achieved when the dam developments on the
Yalong River, upstream from Ertan are completed. Currentlv, tloods in the Yvlong River
are chaiacterized by long duration and large volumes and comprise approximately 50 pcrcent
of the total flow in the Jinsha River at the confluence. The storage capacitv or the Ertan
Reservoir is relaLiely small in comparison with the total flow of the Yalong River and will
not have considerable flood control benefit.
5.1.5. FLsberies and Aquaculture
Within the Ertan area. soil, climate and water quality are suitable for production of fish and
other aquatic organisms eaten by fish. Currently, as described above. native fish species in
the river include approximately 100 species in the river. The availability of forage fish and
other aquatic organisms in the river create favorable conditions for developing a commercial
fishery in portions of the E:rran Reservoir.
As is made clear in Section 5.2, the reservoir can be divided into two distinct regions: that
occurring along the original vallev of the Yalong and that occurring in the Ganvu River
vallev. After the reservoir is complete. these tu.o areas will remain somewhat distinct with
different water qualirm characteristics ana different hvcdraulic characternstics.
From a fisheries perspective, the main portion of the reservoir mav be less suitable for
manarement. However, the expected conditions in the Ganyu arm of the reservoir offer an
opportunity to develop a commercial fishery which wil! add.to the benefiEs of the project.
Plans for the commercial fisherv in tne Ganyu Arm of the reservoir arc described as part of
the nsheries mitigation plan in Section 5.2.6. It is estimated that the annual vield from the
commercial fisheries could exceed 260 tons from the Ganyu Arm and 160 tons from the main
reservoir area. This production from the open water areas of the reservoir will be
supplemented by a series of 'fish farmsw located both in the Ganyu Arm and in the main
reservoir area. It is estim. ed that annual yield from these fish farms will be i,000 tons per
MAN F1 CHS   _.5



2 ha floating net. The fish mitigation program is ciescribed in more detail in Section 5.2.6.
5.2. Aquatic Impacts and Mitigation
The construction of a dam, of any type or purpose, has two basic impacts that cannot be
avoided. All other effects of the project are attributable in some measure to these two
effects. The first effect is the change in the hydrologic regime of the river. The
impoundment of the river creates conditions which will affect the sediment transport regime,
water quality, aquatic vegetation, and fish populations, both in the impounded porEion of the
river and the reach downstream from the dam. This section presents a description of the
changes to the hydrologic regime and the consequent changes to other aquatic characteristics.
The second major, unavoidable impact of a dam is the inundation of land resources within
the impoundment zone. In the case of the Ertan Project, 101 km2 of land will be inundated.
Descnrption of this effect and other effects attributable to the inundation are presented in
Sections 5.3 and 5.4.
5.2.1. yvdrologic Regime
5.2.1.1.    Reservoir
As descnbed in Section 4.3. disch&rvt in the Yalong is characterized in two relatively
distinct regimes: High flow period recnding from June through November and a low flow
penod extending from December through Mav (See Figure 4.5). The basic operation of the
Ertan Reservoir is divided into two phases, based on the annual hydrologic regime of the
Yalong River.
ERAU EA CHr                          5.6



C.
Water 1ev ' resCrv     m                                      -         -    -
Fi Wure a.t:   Reprniativt-   Levels in the Erm Reservoir through Five Years of Operation
(Based on the !96>5-1970 Flow RegimeS).
EMTA EA CR                                   .



Normally, refilling of the Ertan Reservoir will begin in June or July, depending upon when
flows increase in the river. It is expected, based on the historic hydrologic record, that the
reservoir will be tilled bv the middle of July each year. At that time, the Ertan Power
Station will operate at its maximum hydraulic and generation capacitv with excess water
spilled through the middle level spillway. When the reservoir is full and water is spilled.
discharge downstream from Eran will be essentially the same as the natural discharge in the
nver. This period will last geneially from mid July through November. However, the
length of time baseload operation will last is dependent on inflow to the reservoir as shown
in Figure 5.1. Once :nflow to the reservoir decreases to less than the hydraulic capacity of
the Ertan turbines, operation of the power station will be cnanged to a pealine mode of
operation.
When Ertan is operated on a pealking basis water level in the reservoir will fluctuate
somewhat on a daily basis (some refill will occur during off-peak periods and some
drawdown will occur during peak generation penod). Becauce the averge daily release from
the powerhouse will exceed inflow, a net drawdown will oc-ur during the time this mode of
operation is implemented. Between December and May each vear. it is expected that the
Erran Reservoir will be drawn down by a maximum of 45 m durino the period when peakino
operation is implemented.
The annual cycl- of refill. spill, and drawdown of the reservoir is demonstrated in Figure
5.1. which includes a 5-vear representative period. As shown in the figure. in some years.
!he resernoir will 1z:o be drawn dowru to the maximum ievel and in some vears. the duration
of the spiii period will be quite short.
5.2.1.2.    D ischarge Regime to Yalong River
In June and July, during the period when the reservoir is refilled, discharge from the power
station wi1l gradually increase as more water becomes available for power generation.
IRTARI A CHG                           5.8S



Concurrently. discha;rge to the Yalong River .vill gradually increase. Although the incrase
will be similar to that experienced without the project. the increase will be somewhat later
because of the retention of water to refill the reservoir.
During this period, tne power stationi wiil be operated on a continuous basis but the release
will be less than inflow to the reservoir.
Once the reservoir is refilled, the power station will be operated at its hydraulic capacity with
excess flow spilled through the upper and mid-level spillways. Downstream from Ertan,
flow in the river will be the same as it would be without Ertan. This condition will be
maintained from about mid-July through November each year.
At the time inflow becomes less than the hydraulic capacity of the power station, the
operation of the power station wil! be shifted to the peakine mode desc:ibed above. The
effect of this operating mode to the discharge regime of the YalonE River deownstrean from
Frtan will vary somewhat, depending upon the amount of water flow ma i.,;o the reservoir.
in general, peakling operation wili begin ii, December each year and vill continuz unuii I,lMay.
Douring dry and average annual flow conditions, the daily variation in dischitrge ttro'tgh the
powerhouse will range from 0 lo 1661 m3r!s. In average and dry years. generation will begin
at about 1700 and will last until 1700 to 2000 hrs. In these cases. the downstream reaches
will be without inflow For 4 to 7 hours each day. Durins wec years. powver will be generaled
throughout the day v;ith a minimum release of approximatelv 100 m!3s malntained even
during the driest month of the year. Table 5.1 presents represcnatite avcrzi.e nouirh
discharge from Ertan durino drv, normal and wet vears.
The ramifications of the peaking operating period are such that a more detailed description
of the effects to the hydrologic regime downstream from the project is warranted. The
following discussion is based on an analysis of the operating regme performed by EHDC
and CHIDI. Results of this analysis are summarized below.
lTAtN [A CHb                            5.9



Table i.l:    Hourly Discharge from Ertan Power Station during Peaking Operation in Normal,
Wet and Dry Years.
Time               Dry Year    Normal Year    WVet Year
(hrs)                (Is)          (cans)         (cMs)
0000                    0           540           1.204
0100                    0            70            734
mo20                    0             0            221
0300                    0             0            221 
0400                    0             0            100
0500                    0             0            664
0600                    0           747          1.661
0700                  364          1,308         1,661
0800                  76B          1.661          1.661
0900                1,606          1,661          1,661
1000               .1.412          1,661         1.661
1OD                1.329          1.661         1,661
1200                  969          1.661         1,661
1300                  595          1,661         1,661
1400                1.246          1.170         1,661
1500                1,329          1,661         1,661
1600                1.329          1.661         1,661
1700                1,391          1,661         1,661
1800                 913           1,661         1.661
1900               '1.329          1.100         1,661
2000                1.661          1,661         1.661
2100                1.661          1.661         1.661
2200                1,329          1.661         1.661
2300                  727          1.308         1.308
The effect of daily peaking at Ertan at six downstream locations were evaluated. The six
locations are depicted in Figure 4.4 and consist of Xiaodeshi (II km downstream from
ErLan), Niupingzi (29 km from Ertan) between the confluences of the Annins and Jinsha
Rivers with the Yalong, Sanduizi (37 km  from  Ertan) immediately downstrearn of the
confluence of the Yalong and Jinsha Rivers, Longiie (134 km from Ertan) Qiaoiia (389 kim
from Ertan), and Pingshan (753 km downstream from Ertan). The last three sites are all on
the Jinsha River. The analvsis vas performed using the driest month of the desi2n drn vear
(March. 1960) as measured -at Xiaodeshi Hvdrologic Station.
During a pealkin event. the hourly schedule of operation of the Ertan Power Station, used
for the simulation, is as delineated in Table 5.2.
"CO&t -
MWTAN EA C                                 5l10



Table 5.2:   Schedule of Generation by Hour for Ertan Peaking Operation.
Time      6:00    6:02     7: 00    7:02     8:00    8:02    9:30
Discharge
(m31s)      0      747      747    1,308    1,308    1,661    1,661
The hydrographs at each of the 6 stations downstream from Erman, based on this operating
scenario, are depicted for a two day period in Figure 5.2. With this type of operation it is
estimated that the wave generated by increasing discharge will move at a rate of
approximately 2.9 m/s. Based on results of the simulation model, the rapid increase- in
discharge will be most prominent in the channel between Ertan and the confluence of the
Yalong and Jinsha Rivers. Downstream from this confluence, the natural flow of the Jinsha
wil reduce the apparent rate of discharge increase significantly. However, upstream from
the Jinsha confluence, the rate of increase may create a significant hazard to persons in or
along the shoreline of the river. To provide a measure of safetv for the operation of the
project, EHDC will install a warning system. consisting of a series of sirens and explanatorv
warning signs along the tiver between Ertan Dam and the confluence of the Yalong with the
Jinsha. The sirens will be sounded when the power house begins operation each day to
provide sufficient time for persons in the river channel to move to higher ground.
It is anticipated that the Tong;ilin Dam and Power Station. to be constructed approximately
20 km downstream from Ertan and approximately 2 km downstream from the confluence of
the Anning River, will allow mitigation of the extreme discharge vanatnon in the Yalong
during the period of peaking operation. In fact, the primary purpose of the Tongzilin Dam
and Power Sttion is to reregulate the flow from Ertan, thereby ensurinD a more constant
flow in the Yalong River. In addition, the power station will provide an additional 440 MW
of generating capacity to the system. At present, construction of the Tongzilin Project is
scheduled to be completea nearly simultaneously with the completion of the Ertan Project.
Delay in completing this project will result in a period of time when the peaking operation
of Ertan will dramatically affect the hydrologic regime of the Yalong and the upper portions
Earn *A Cn6B                         5.11



Flow (m3/s)
2000
1000.rj                       i l
L Erxrin  Qmax = 1661 ms
0°    _    _    _    _    _    _     __-           (O km) Qmin = 0 m3/s
0
10001
/           \     /            \        Xiaodeshi Qmax = 1580 m31s
on      J              <   J              t       (10.8 km) Qrnin =5 rn3/s
Niupingzi Q-nax   1512 m;'s
0                                                 (29.3 kIm) Qmin = 48 m3fs
I~~~'I
I                IvX
]                     J                       J Sanduizi  Qmax  =1907 mn3Js
O                                                (371an)  Qmin =443 m3fs3
10001 
_ ~~~~~~~~~~I Ong_jIe  Qmax = 181 m3t
O                                                 ( i34 k;m) (;min = 825 m3/s
1000-                                               Qiaojia   Qmax = 1510 m3ts
(389 km) .Qniin = 1274 m3/s
*~~ ~ ~       .   .   .                       .   . *     
0   6   12   18  0   6   12   18  0   6   1218  0   6   12 O'clock
Figure 5.2:   Effca of Dailv Flow Fluctuafion at Six Locations Downstream trom Ertan Dam.
ElAN iA Ci6                            5.12



of the Jinsha River. downsream fromi the confluence ot't the Yalong.
The bhydrologic and water level monitoring prograrr., consisting of eight stations, that
currentlv monitors condirons during the pre-construction and construaion periods, will be
continued after construction is compite and the proiec: becomes operational. Costs for
continuing the hydrologic mionitorirn  progsram are summarized in! Chapter 7.
5.2.2. Sedimnentation Processes
As described in Section 4.2.2, one of the mairn effects of the Ertan Dam will be the
disruption of the normal suspended sediment and bedload Inansport. regime through the
Yalong River. This disDrution will be realized in two wavs. First, the suspended sediment
and bedload carded into the reservoir area will be deposited at the upper end of the
reservoir, both in the Main part of ihe reservoir on the Yalong River and in the Gauyu Arm.
T his deposition will have two effects: it wli reduce the storage capacity of the reservoir
after many years (see 52.2. 1) and it will decreac- the turbidity of tne water passing through
the Eran Dam and Powc.house. The second effect is the reduced inflow of suspended
zediment and bedload to the Yalong downstream from the E.an. Proiect with tile result that
tde aiaiiable capacity of the river to cavrr susDended' sediment will be increased and sedimern
and bedload will be carried ou; of the amiwater area but not be replaced from upstream
sources. This will result in SDo.e scour to the ,;ver ied.
5.2.2.1.     Sediment Deposition in the Ertan Reservoir.
The discussion of sediment deposition in the Ertan Reservoir is partitione(d into that deposited
in the main reservoir area and that deposited in the C(aLnyu Arm located approximateiv 19 km
uDstreram from the Ertan Dam site.
Most of the subpended sediment and bedload carried by inflow to the reservnir will be
deposited as the velocity o. the river slows in the backwater area of the reservoir. The delta
created bv this deposition process will gradually expand toward the dam and consequently
1TSAN EA ChS                          5.13



will decrease the storage capacity of the reservoir. The expansion of the delta will occur
primarily during the high flow seasori when the reservoir is refilling or after the reservoir
is filled each year when the sediment bedload of the river is highest.
The rate of deposition of sediments in the Ertan Reservoir was estimated using a
sedimentation simulation model. Based on these calculations, after 30 years of operation,
the sediment deposition will extend from the headwaters of the reservoir- to a point
approximately 83 kn from the dam. Approximately 250 X lut m3 of storage capacity in the
reservoir will b. !ost due to the accumulation of sediments. After 100 years of operation,
the deposited sediments will extend to a point approximately 53 kmn from the dam and
approximately 1.070 X 106 m3 of storage will be lost. After 250 years of operation, it is
expected that the entire reservoir will be nearly filled with sediments. Results of the
sediment simulation indicate that approximately 95 % of the dead storage and 55% of the
active storage of the reservoir will be lost after 25 years. These calculations, however, do
not take into account planned construction of other dams upstream from ErTan which will
reduce these effects dramatically. Longitudinal sections of the Erran Reservoir depicting the
status of the sediment accumulation in the reservoir after various intervals of operation are
shown in Figure 5.3.
Based on the analyses. it is estimated that 75 percent of the annual suspended sediment load
will be deposiLed in the reservoir during the first 30 years of operation. The remaining 25
percent wilI be transported through. he power station and spillway.
lr- th-L Ganvu Arm of the reservoir, sediment accumulation will be somewhat slower because
the In-:IoA of suspended sediment and bedload is considerablv less than that observed in the
Yaiona. An anaiysis of the sediment accumulation in the Ganiyu was performed in the same
manner described for the main Eruin Reservoir.  Based on these analyses, sediment
deposition will extend from the headwater (40 km upstream from the mouth of the Ganyu)
approximately 10 km into the reservoir (28 - 30 km upstream from the Ganyu mouth). After
140 years of operation, sediment deposits will extend downstream approximately 18 kmTn to
a point approximately 22 km upstream from the Ganyu Mouth. After 270 years of operation.
the sediment deposition will extend to a point approximately 15 Ian upstream from the mouth
ERTAN a CeS                           5.14 l



2                                                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1200 LO3
30 Years     70 years 03 UJa   year      s    9 year.N               10, 
1160
L2
1140
1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~19
140            120)                          so 8           60             40             20       Distanice rroiii
Ertan Dani (kwi)



FigIIure 5.4:   Iongili;dinal P'rofle of Scdliment Acctimuilation in Ganyii Arm oF Erlan Reservoir             Elev  ionI (I
1   years             266  years
1120
Of Cjnllyi ltiver (
C,.'~~~~~~



of the Ganyu. Longitudinal profiles oi the Ganyu Arm depicting the extent of the sediment
deposition areas is prese:-sed in Figure 5.4.
The above simulations of sedimentation rates were calculated on the assumption that no
upstreah reservoirs will be constructed. As described in Section 1. 4.1, it is expected that
up. to 19 additional dams will be constructed on the Yalong upstream from Ertan.
Consequently, the suspended sediruient and bedload of the Yalong will be intercepted by the
upstream reservoirs and the accumulation of sediments in the Ertan Reservoir will be reduced
to almost nothing. However, because no additional reservoirs are anticipated on the Ganyu,
the estimated accumulation of sediments in the Ganyu Arm will be as discussed above.
Sediment load in the Yalona River and the accumulation of sediment at the upper ends of the
reservoir area will be monitored on a continuing basis after the construction of the dam and
power house is complete. This will be'a continuation of the existing monitoring program for
the pre-construction and construction periods. Costs for containing the monitoring program
through the construction period are summarized in Chapter 7.
5.2.2.2.    Effects on Sedimentation and Bedload. in Yalong
River Downstream from Ertan Dam
Due to the interception of suspended sediments and bedload materials bv the Ertan Reservoir.
the sediment content of the Yalong downstream from the dam will be reduced significantlv.
It is estimated that the sediment content of water discharged through the Ertan Project will
be approximately 0.19 k}g/mn3 after 30 years of operation compared wvith Lhe observed 0.75
kg/im3 currentlv transported by the river past the Xiaodeshi Gauging Station.
The Yalong River between Enan and its confluence with the Jinsha is approximately 3' km
long primarily in a gorge-type channel. The river in this reach is dominated by shoals and
rapids. The river bed is comprised of big rubble and gravel. Both banks of the river are
characterized by exposed bedrock with only a portion of the reach, between Xiaodeshi and
Tongzilin having some alluvial materials and talus.
3rA 51
CUT u cr                             5.1X7



Under existing conditions, the bed materials are relatively stable with any movement of
particles out of the area being replaced by other materials derived from upstream. However,
after completion of the Ertan Project, the Yalong river bed downstream from the project will
become partially destabilized and development of a new equilibrium condition will start. The
destablization of the river channel will be characterized by the redistribution of alluvial
materials within the channel. The pattern of this redistribution, endured by scour and
deposition areas, will be dependent upon the operating regime of the Ertan Power Station.
To determine if significant scouring will occur in the Yalong River downstream from Ertan,
the HEC-6 model, developed by the Hydraulic Engineering Center of the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, was used. Results of this analysis are summarized here. Details of the
analysis were presented in the Ertan Hydroelectric Project Environmental Assessment of 1989
(Note: The EA was translated to English in 1988 and submitted to the World Bank in 1989).
Results of the analysis indicate widespread but minor scour throughout the affected Yalong
River reach with on]y a few areas of sediment accumulation. During the first five vears of
operation, scouring will be most rapid. After this initial scouring process, the rates of scour
Table 5.3:   Average Scour Depth in Yalong River downstream from Ertan Dam
Years of Operation
Localinn                10        20       30        40         50
Upstream of
Anning (m)       0.4      0.4       0.5      0.5       0.5        0.5
Downstream
of Anning (m)    0.3      0.3       0.4      0.3       0.4        03
TAN" FA C                             5.18



will be reduced primarily because the smaller materials in the river channel will have been
carried downstream leaving only the larger materials which can be moved only at extremely
high discharges. After 50 years of operation, it is estimated that the average scour
throughout the affected ri.er will be less than 0.5 m. Average scour of the Yalong River
channel-upstream and downstream from the mouth of the Anning River after various intervals
of project operation are summarized in TabLe 5.3.
Because the Ertan Project will be operated on a pealing basis for approximately 4 to 6
months each year, a further analysis was performed to determine if the surge of water
comning from the power station during the daily start-up of the project will contribute
significantly to the scouring process. Based on the analysis, the contribution of daily peaking
to the overall scouring process will be overshadowed by the scouring processes occurring
during the higher discharge periods when Ertan is operated on a baseload basis and water is
spilled through the mid-level spillway.
Because the slope of the riverbank along the Yalong downstream from Erman is composed
mostly of bedrock, only slight scouring of the margins of the river channel will occur.
Because the banks are composed of bedrock which is resistant to scour, the stabilirv of the
slopes will not be affected.
5.2.3. Landslides
The formation of the reservoir may aggravate the occurrence of landslides in some areas.
It is estimated that total volume of slidable rock mass above 1200 in is some 100 million m;
which is equivalent to just 1.7 percent of the reservoir storage capacitv, and equivalent to just
5 years sediment deposition. Between 80-83 km upstream of the damsite there are potential
landslide areas on both the left and right banks from which the slidable rocks above 1200 m
total 37 million m3. Af major slides were to occur on both banks at the same time, then a
submerged nill would be produced but would have little effect on the operation or life of the
reservoir.
RTN4 IA CHS                           5.19



Close to the damsime is the potential landslide area from the Jin Long mountin. Major
slippage here. although of insignificant volume in terms of the total storage capacity, could
be problematic for activities close to the damsite depending on how much material slides into
the reservoir and the configuration of the resulting accumulation of materials.
No mitigation is necessarv or feasible for the majority of potential landslide areas. The
potential for landslides on the Jin Long Mountain on the left bank just upstream of the dam
site is being monitored. It is already known that one section of the mountain is slipping by
about 10 mmr. a;:nually. It nay be prudent and cost effectve, compared with the impact of
a major slippage, if rock bolts were insgalled as soon as possible and the monitoring program&
continued. Once the project is complete, the Jin Long landslide area will continue lo be
monitored to determine if the filling of the reservoir has caused the area to move more
rapidly. Costs for continuing the landslide monitoring through the construction period are
summarized in Chapter 7.
5.2.4. WVater Qualitv
Impoundment of the Yalong River bv tne Ertan Proiect will affect the quality of the water
both in the reservoir and subsequently in the reach downstream from the project. 1ributary
inflow from the AnninE will moderate the effect to some extent. However. the maini
mitioation will occur at the confluence of the Yalong with the Jinsha River. The effects of
Ernan on water quality in the Yalong are created in two sections: effects realized in the
impoundment and the consequential effects expected in the Yalong River downstream from
the Enan Project.
5.2.4.1-     Reservoir Effects
As presented in the baseline descriptions, numerous water quality parameters have been
measured in the Yalong River, and the concentrations of many of these parameters will be
affected to some extent. However. the primary indicators of water quality and those for
£RTAS E' CMS                          5.20



which major changes will occur and will nave some bearing on the biological components
of the river include three basic parameters: water temperature, dissolved oxygen. and
turbidity/suspended sediment.
To assisi in the discussion of the effects on water quality, two areas of the reservoir will be
discussed separately because the two areas will be affected somewhat differently; The two
areas are: 1) The main body of the reservoir along the Yalong River which will extend ?rom
Ertan Dam upstream approximatly 145 km when the reservoir is filled to its normal
maximum operating level at Elevadon 1,200 m; and, 2) the Ganyu Arm of the reservoir
which extends from the mouth of the Ganyu River valley on the Yalong upstream
approximately 40 km when the reservoir is at its normal maximum operating level.
5.2.4.1.1.   Water Temperature
Given the inflow water temperature, volume of water in the reservoir and hydraulic behavior
of the reservoir due to the volume of inflow and operation of the Ertan Projecr, the
temperature regiime of the Ertan Reservoir is expected to be relatively uniformly mixed.
Uniform temperatures from surface to bottom (no stratification) will be present but the
seasonal change in water temperature will not exhibit the annual range observed without the
project. This conclusion is based on several characteristics described briefly below.
As water flows into the upper end of Ertan Reservoir, the velocity through the reservoir will
decrease markedly. On the one hand, the delay in passage through the 145 km reservoir will
expose the water to a longer period of warming from the atmosphere and solar radiation.
This effect will be somewhat enhanced by the increased water surface area, furLher expanding
exposure of the water to the atmosphere and solar radiation.
The factors contributing to the overall warming of water in the Ertan Reservoir are countered
by several factors that will serve to reduce the seasonal variation in water temperature. The
primary factor is that the large volume of water in the reservoir will inhibit the overall
warming of the water. Even though the surface area will be larger within the reservoir, the
surface to volume ratio will be much smaller (Surface to volume ratio for the river is
IRTA EACIS                            5.21



approximately 0.2 m2 surface/m3 volume; for the res6,voir the raLio is 0.02 m2 surface/m3
volume). This reduction in surface to volume ratio will i auce the exchange of heat between
the water and the atmosphere and will result in generally cooler water temperature in the
summer months (May through October) and warmer water te,nperatures in the winter months
(November through April) than are observed under exising conditions.  Maximum
differences between the existing water temperature and expected water temperature will be
observed at Ertan Dam.
Frequently, waLer bodies the size and depth of the Ertan Reservoir, become thermally
stratified during the summer months. If a reservoir becomes stratified, conditions become
such that other effects to water quality, such as the reduction of dissolved oxygen
concentrations in the bottom layer, become evident. However, temperature stratfication of
the Ertan Reservoir is not expected.
A second factor leading to the prediction that the reservoir will not become thermally
stratified is based on an understanding of reservoir operations and the hydraulic conditions
within the reservoir. As described earlier, the reservoir will be refilled each year to the
normal maximum operating level of 1,200 m bv the middle of July. During this period,
temperature of the inflow to the reservoir will be increasing but is approximately at the
annual average temperature for the river under existing conditions. Because the reservoir
will be filling, considerable turbulence within the entire length of the river will be present
which wil! serve to mix surface and bottom water thereby creating nearly uniform thermal
profiles throughou: the water column.
Once the reservoir is filled. inflow to the reservoir will continue to exceed outflow from the
ETtan Project because the inflow volume is greater than the hvdraulic capaciiv of the power
station. Consequently, measura.ble water velocity will be present throughout the length of
the reservoir. The estimated water velocity in the middle of the reservoir may range up to
6.0 cm/s during the high flow season. Near the Dam, the average column velocity during
the during the high flow period is estimated at approximately 2.5 cm/s. Given the storaige
capacity of the Ertan Reservoir relative to the inflow volumes, it is estinated that the
residence time of water in the reservoir will be approximately 33 days. Both of these
gOg;S
ERTAM EA CN6                          5.22



calculations are based on a normal operating water level at 1200 m. elevation. However,
because the reservoir will be drawn down during the dry season, and refilled at the beginning
of the wet season, the induced velocities in the reservoir will vary considerably.
In general, the development of thermal stratification in subtropical lakes is quite weak and
can easily be disrupted by wind or hydraulic movement in the water body. The energy
required to mnx the water column is quite low and consequently, the likelihood of thermal
stratification in Ertan Reservoir is quite low.
The situation in the Ganyu Arm is somewhat complicated by the fact that the mouth of the
Ganyu River is constricted by a narrow valley. -The upper portion of the valley is much
broader and has higher surface to volume ratio. Once the reservoir is completed, the quality
of water in the Ganyu Arm will be dominated by the quality of water in the Yalong.
During the refilling period, inflow from the Yalong greatly exceeds inflow from the Ganyu
(average flow from the Yalong during the high flow period is approximately 3,200 ml/s
whereas the average flow of the Ganyu is approximately 150 m3/s or 5 percent of the
Yalong). In contrast the storage volume of the Ertan Reservoir (without the Ganyu Arm) is
approximately 4,780 million m3 and the storage volume of the Ganyu Arm is approximately
1,070 million m3 or 18.4 percent of the total reservoir storage volume. A result of this
dispaTity is that water from the Yalong will flow into the Ganyu Arm during the refilling
period. Consequently, the temperature of the water will be more closely aligned with that
of the Yalong and the influence of the temperature of the Ganvu River will be limited to the
upper end of the arm. Because water will flow into the Ganyu Arm from the Ya]ong. l: is
expected that considerable mixing of the two waters will occur.
Filling will be achieved in the middle of July when water temperature in the Ganyu is at its
peak (See Figure 4.12). Once the reservoir is filled, water temperature of the inflow from
the Ganyu will begin to decrease. The combination of the influence of the Yalong and the
decreasing temperature of the Ganyu will limit the possibility of creating thermal
stratification within the Ganyu Arm.
W2TJ IA CMI5.23



When draw down of the reservoir begins in December or Januarv each year. the net outflow
from the Ganyu Arm [(ouEtlow - intlow)/volume] will be proportionately greater than the net
outflow from the Ertan Reservoir. As a consequence, the velocity of water moving through
the mouth of the Ganyu River may be somewhat more than the velocity in the Ertan
Reservoir itself.
The combined influence of the refillldrawdown cycle and inflow from the Yalong will likely
be sufficient to minimize the occurrence of stratified conditions in the Ganyu Arm.
Additionally, u.e movement of water into and out of the Ganyu will also create further
mixing in the Ertan Resevoir disrupting any initial formation of thermal stratification that
might occur.
The basic effect of the Ertan Dam and Reservoir on water temperature. then. is a reduction
in the seasonal range of variation in the Yalong and Ganyu Rivers and a general decline in
the average annual temperature at various locations through the length of the reservoir. The
water temperature will not fall significantly during the winter months nor will it rise
significantly during the summer months. Overall, the average water temperature will exhibit
some what lower annual averages with the greatest difference observed at the Ertan Dam.
The magnitude of the difference is estimated to be approximately 20C which is based on the
average water temperatures available from the Xiaodeshi Gauging Station. the Yanbian
Gauging Station and the Luling Gauging Station. This is an estimate only and insufficient
information is available verify this estimate.
X .2.4.1.2.   Dissolved Oxvqgen Concentrations
The primarv source of dissolved oxygen in the waters of the Ertan Reservoir will be from
the inflow. Some exchange will occur at the water surface which will be enhanced by the
turbulent flow  in the reservoir.  Inflow  dissolved oxygen concentrations average
approximately 7.7 mg/l. Based on the analysis of potential primarv and secondary
productivity of the reservoir, and the estimated low influx of oxygen demanding organic and
inorganic materials, it is estimated that the dissolved oxygen concentration will decrease
somewhat through the reservoir. However, because of the mixing of bottom and surface
bgailb
MTAN IA cCi                         5D,4



water throughout the water column, dissolved oxygen concentrations will remain sufficient
to prevent production of hydrogen sulfide and other noxious compounds in the bottom of the
reservoir. Oxygen depletion in the main Ertan Reservoir will be most significant when the
reservoir is drawn down to its lowest level. However, the duration the reservoir is held at
that level is quite short with refilling beginning before water temperatures are sufficiently
high to induce high utilization of the available oxygen.
In the Ganyu Arm, it is more likely that mnoxic conditions might arise in the bottom waters.
However, because of the major influence of Yalong River water in the Ganyu Arm,
conditions leading to thermal stratification and the inhibition&of water exchange between
surface and bottom layers will not be prevalent for a sufficiently long period for development
of significant oxygen deficits in the lower water layers.
5.2.4.1.3.   Turbidity
Because measures of turbidity are not available for the existing Yalong River, the suspended
sediment load is used as an indicator of turbidity processes in the reservoir. As discussed
previously with respect to sedimentation processes in the Yalong River and the Ertan
Reservoir, suspended sediment concentrations coming into the reservoir from the Yalong
Reservoir average approximately 0.385 kg/m3 as measured at the Wali Gauging Station.
This sediment content currently increases to 0.52 kg/Wn3. Once the reservoir is filled, it is
estimated that 25 percent of the suspended sediment load will be passed through the dam and
power station with some variation through the year according to the seasonal changes in
flow. The suspended sediment load passing through the sEtion is estimated to be
approximately 0.188 kg/m3. Average particle size of the suspended load is estimated to be
< 0.01 mm. The result is that the turbidity of the reservoir will decrease substantially from
the upper backwater to the dam. The decrease will be greatest at the upper end as the larger
particles settle first. However the reservoir will become gradually clearer throughout the
entire length.
A similar situation will occur in the Ganyu Arm. As discussed in the sedimentation
processes, the sediment content of the Ganyu River is somewhat higher than in the Yalong
eNAN F cH&                           5.25



with an average concentration of 0.76 kglm3. However, the volume of water coming into
the Ganyu is considerably less than that in the Yalona and total contribution of the Ganyu
to the turbidity of the reservoir will be insignificant. Again, the turbidity of the Ganyu Arm
will be greatest at the inflow of the Ganvu River. The water will gradually clear from the
inflow to the mouth of the Arm. Annual operation of the reservoir, however, wiU disrupt
this pattern to some degree because of the inflow of Yalong River watr into the Ganyu Arm
when the reservoir is refilled.
5.2A.1A.   Other Water Quality Parameters
In general, the nutrient concentrations in the Yalong and Ganyu Rivers are relatively low.
characteristic of an oligotrophic system. Although there will be some accumulation of
nutrients in the reservoir (both ir. the main Ertan Reservoir and in the Ganyu Arn), the
accumulation will be limited because of the short residence time of water in the reservoir
coupled with the annual drawdown and refill cycle. Because of the rapid turnover of
reservoir water and the low concentrations of nutrients in the inflow to the reservoir,
oligotrophic conditions will likely remain in the reservoir. It is possible that mesotrophic
conditions could develop.  If so, total productivity of the reservoir would increase
substandally.
Similarly, concentrations of dissolved inorganic materials are quite low and accumulation of
heavy metals, inorganic ions and organic compounds in the reservoir will not be excessive.
5.2.4.1.5.   Assessment of Reservoir Water Qualitv Effects
None of the water quality -.ffects expected in the Eran Reservoir is significant. Maintenance
of the quality of the water in the Ertan Reservoir will depend primarily on the land use
practices implemented along the reservoir margins. The primary objective of the land use
is to minimize the potential for erosion from agricultural areas and minimize the introduction
of human waste to the reservoir. Appropriate cautions to prevent erosion from agricultural
areas will minimize the potential for increased turbidity and for the introduction of pesticide
compounds into the reservoir. Appropriate sanitary treatment or other controi sill minimize
UMAXLACM                   -         5.26



the introduction of nutrients to the reservoir and will reduce the potential for introducing
organisms and chemicals hazardous to human health into the reservoir wates. No other
mitigation measure is proposed or warranted.
Monitoring of water quality in the resrvoir area will be continued after completion and
filling of the proecL Water samples will be obtained for laboratory analysis and proriles of
tmnpeaure, dissolved oxygen and oher parameters-for which field instumentation is
available will be obtained three tmes anmually comrespding to when the resrvoir is filled,
during the dsawdown period and when the reservor is at its lowest point each year. This
program will be admnisted by the Environmental Monitoring Program within the EHDC
organization (see Chapter 7).
5.2.4.2.    Downstream Effects
The evaluation of the effects of the Ern Project is presented for two conditions: Wxithout
and with the Tonpllin Hydroelectric Project which will regulate the discharge from the Ertan
Project paricularly during the dry season when the Ertan Project is operated on a daily basis.
5.2.4.2.1    Water Temperature
When water is spilled from the Ertan Project, normally from the middle of July to the end
of November each year. tempemure of the water will be only slightly cooler than it is at
present. It is estimated that the decrease of water temperature after completion of the Ertan
Project wiU be approximately 2°C less, on average. This difference will be most prominent
during the months of July and August and will decrease in the September thrugh November
penod. By November, water tempeature may, in fact, be wanmer after the project is
completed than it is under current conditions. These changes are due mostly to the thermal
capacity of the water in the resevoir.
From December through May, the Ertan Project will be operated on a peaking basis, with
pcrnodsof no release from the dam lasting up to 7 hours each day. For the most part, the
period of no discharge will occur, during the night time hours so that, what water is left in
wau IA CM6                          5.27



the Yalong channel beEween the Dam and the mouth of the Yalong will not be subjected to
excessive warming from the sun. When water is discharged from Ertan (from approximately
0700 to 2400 hours each day), water tempemure in the Yalong will be slightly higher than
under existing conditions during December, January and February, and will be slightly cooler
than existing temperatures in April and May.
It is expected that some wariningtcooling of the watei will occur in the river channel between
the dam and the confluence of the Yalong with the Jinsha. However, the rate of warming
will not be sufficient to allow the temnpeate to increase to the level of the Jinsha water as
it currently does. The difference between the water temperature of the Yalong and that of
the Jinsha, however, will likely not exceed the 2*C difference observed at the Brtan Dam.
Once Tongzilin Dam is completed, the rate of warming of the Yalong downstream of Ertan
will be reduced. This wil have the effect of inceasing the expected difference between the
Jinsha River water tempaure and the Yalong River temperature. Under both conditions,
the discharges in the Jmsha and Yalong, during any month of the year, are nearly equal.
Complete mixing of the waters of the two rivers occurs relativelv quickly downstream from
the confluence and the observed change in temperature in the Jinsha will be insignificant.
Monitoring of water quality in the Yalong and the Jinsha will be conducted at 3 locations
downstream from the Ertan Project. The purpose of these monitoring stations is to document
the effect of the project on various water quality parameters by comparison with the values
of the same parameters obtained from upstream of the reservoir and within the reservoir
2rca. These cama will be used to confirm the expected effects of the project on water quality
and will be used as necessarv to provide for adjustments to the operaLion of the project to
mainztn natcr quality within the nauonal standards. Costs for continuation of the water
quality monitoring program are summarized in Chapter 7.
MrAN FA CM                           5.28



5.2.4.2.'.   Dissolved Gas Concentrations
Operation of the Ertan ProjecL will affect concentrations of two diEso.ved gases that, in turn,
may affect aquatic organisms in the reach of the Yalong River downstream from the dam.
These gases include dissolved o-. Igen and dissolved nitrogen.
5.2.4.2.2.1. Dissolved Ox,ygen
Water released from Ertan Dam is anticipated to be somewhat deficient in dissolved oxygen
concentrations. However, immediately downstream. from the project, dissolved oxygen
concentrations will be highly dependent upon the mode of operation and the presence of the
Tongzilin Hydroelectric Project which will regulate the tlow from Erian.
During the more critical time of the year (July through August) when low dissolved oxygen
concentrations are most likely t,o develop in the reservoir, inflow to the reservoir greatly
exceeds the hydraulic capacity of the Erman Power Station and .he exe.ss water will be spilled
through either the upper or mid-level spillwavs. The effect of thlis spill is that water will be
re-aerated in the plunge pool below the dam and dissolved oxvgen concentrations are likely
to rise to at or above saturation. This mav be viewed as an environmental benefit of project
operaton. Saturated concentrations of dissolved oxygen will likelv remain in the Yalong
downstream to its confluence with the Jinsha. having the furEhei benefit of improving the
dissolved oxygen concentrations ill the Jinisha. The construction of the Tc'nazilin
Hydroelectric Project, will have no effect on these concentrations and additional aeration of
the water will occur at the Tongzilin Dam, again due to spill over t:e soillwa.
During the low flow season, when Ertan is operated on a peaking basis. waler with lower
dissolved oxygen concentrations will be released to the Yalong River. However, the
deficiency is not expected to be great and re-aeraion of the w'ater is expected within a few
kilometers downstream from the dam. The re-aeration will occur in the shoals and rapids
which dominate the river channel between the Dam and the Jinsha River. The overall cffect
EwA c                                5.29



of releasing deoxygenated water to the Yalong will be overshadowed by the 4 to 7 hours each
day when no water is released from the dam.
After completion of the Tongzilin Project, water release from the Ertan Power Staion will
not be re-aerated as quickly and the low oxygen concentrations will be extended downstream
to below Tongzilin. However, the periodic increase and decrease in discharge will provide
sufficient turbulence m the nver to allow reaeration and a significant adverse effect is not
expected.
5.2.4.2.2.2. Dissolved Nitrogen
Dam operation will also affect dissolved nitrogen concentrations in the tailwater are and these
may create adverse conditions for fish-and other aquatic organisms in the downstream reach.
This problem will only occur during the high flow season when water is spiled from the damn
spilways. Because the spiUways are elevated above the tailwater (upper level spillway is 180
m above tailwater, mid level spillway is 120 m above tailwater and the low level outlet is 73
m above tailwater at elevation 1007). water released from the spillways will fall vertically
into the plunge pool at the base of the dam. As the water enters the plunge pool, air will be
entrained and pulled down into the water a significant depth. As depicted in Figure 2.4, the
bottom of the plunge pool will be at Elevation 980 and the water depth in the plunge pool
will be at least 32 m. Entrained air reaching the bottom will be place under approximately
4 atmospheres of pressure which will cause dissolution of excess atmospheric nitrogen into
the water. When the water returns to the surface. the pressure will be reduced and
supersaturated concentrations (> 100 percent) may be observed.   The effects of
supersaturated concentrations of nitrogen on fish and other aquatic organisms is discussed
below in Section 5.2.6.
Before Tongzilin is constructed, the turbulence in the Yalon, River channel downstream from
the darn may be sufficient-to allow the water to return to equilibrium with the atmosphere
in a relatively short distance.  However, once Tongzilin is constructed, the nitrogen
concentrations will remain high through the Tongzilin impoundment and may in fact be
increased further by spill over the Tongzilin Dam.
IRTAN Ca                             5.30



5.2.4.2.3.   Turbidity
In general, the major effect of the Ertan Project on turbidity will be to significantly decrease
turbidity in the Yalong River. From the standpoint of domestic and industrial water supplies
and from the perspective of aquatic life, this effect is viewed as a benefit of the project. The
mixing of the Yalong River with the Jinsha River will have also have a net benefit to the
Jinsha River downstream from the confluence of the Yalong River.
Increasing the clarity of the water in the Yalong will have the secondary euect of increasing
light penetration into the water. This incrased penetration will have the further effect of
stimulating more productivity from the algal communities present in the river.
5.2.4.2.4.   Other Water Quality Parameters
With the exception of the parameters discussed above, the Ertan Dam and Powet Station will
have little effect on other water parameters identified in the Chinese environmental protection
laws and regulations to prevent adverse water quality in rivers.
5.2.4.2.5.   Assessment of Downstream Effects
Although the immediate effect of the Ertan Project to gas supersaturation in the Yalong River
may be considered insignificant by itself, future construction of the Tongzilin Project and
other projects upstream and downstream from Ermn should consider providing mechanisms
to minimize conditions for development of dissolved nitrogen gas supersaturanion. The basic
design principle for minimizing the potential for generatin, supersaturated concentrations o'
nitrogen is to minimize the depth at which air is entrained into the tailwater when water is
spilled from the spillway. This can be accomplished either by reduc=ng Lhe depth of the
plunge pool to less than 10 m or by direcEing the water more or less parallel to the surface
of the tailwater. As has been experienced in the United States, the cumulative effect of
several projects on nitrogen supersaturation is known to have major impacts on fish
populations both in the free-flowing reaches between dams and on fish populations occurring
in the reservoirs of the projects. This in turn may significantly reduce the potential for
commercial fisheries within the reservoirs.
ERrA^AcN                              5.31



5.2.5. Aquatic Vegetation
Rooted aquatic plan: species are present in the Ertan Reservoir area. Frequently, the creation
of reservoir cgndiuions results in dramatic expansion of these plants, particularly along the
margins. which in turn can create unfavorable conditions for use of the resources present in
the reservoir. However, the operation of the Brn Project involving the annual drawdown
of the rservoir by up to 45 m will prevent establishment of th.e rooted aquatic species,
including Hydrilla. which in some areas has become a pest species.
On the other hand, there is i significant risk that floating plant species, particularly
Lichhornia, may become established in the reservoir. The prcsene of this species in the
reservoir area (particularly in the CGanyu River 13asin) undser current conditions nearly
guarantees introduction of the species to the reservoir unless certain precautions dre
undertaken.
At numerous other reservoirs throughout the world, Eichhornia has rapidly become a serious
threat to not only project operation, but also to public health in the vicinitv of the reservoirs.
Once established on a reservoir, Ekb#hornia is known to form dense mats on the surface that
prevent penetration of light and oxygen to the underlving water. The water below the mats
becomes darkl and anoxic. As the plants die and sink to the bottom, decoMposiEion of the
organic material removes oxygen from the water resulting in massive fish Ills. and the
formation of methane and hydrogen sulfide gases. In some cases the amounts of methane
and hydrogen sulfide produced from affected areas have led to explosions and poisoning oT
humans. In addition, these weeds offer ideal habitat for two disease vectors: the mosquito
which is the vector for malaria, and the Oncomelania snail which is the vecLor fur
schistosomiasis.
With the presence of Eichhornia in the Ganvu River valley, it must be assumed that it will
become established in the reservoir and actions must be implemented to reduce the magnitude
of the infestation and to control it on a continuous basis throughout the operational period
of the reservoir.
SThULA CHI                            5.32                 -



Although Eichhornia is most certain to invade the main channel of the Ertan Reservoir from
the large catchment upstream, iL is noi expected to be as severe as in the Ganyu Arm. This
is due primarily to the constant velocity gradients within the main portion of the reservoir
combined with the drawdown refill cycle. Additionally, the constant use of the main area
for conveying logs from the upper end to the dam may inhibit the spread of the weed. If
Eichhornia does become established in the reservoir. control of the weed in the main
resenroir may be acconplished by periodically collecting the weed at the log handling site
and .noving it through the log passage turnel where it can be loaded onto trucks and either
sold as pig fodder or placed in a compost pile in an adjacent valley. Use of an herbicide to
control the weed is not recommended because of the water quality compiications arising from
application of the chemical to the water.
To minimize the introduction of Eichhomnia into the Ganyu Arm, a pre-impoundment
program to eradicate Eichhornia from the valley is being devised. At least two years prior
to impoundment, a thorough survey of ponds and pools containing Eichdzdn1io will be
conducted. During the first year, all populations of the plant in agricultural pools and
waterways will be identified and destroyed. During the succeeding year, the process will be
repeated.  If significant numbers of plants are discovered during the second year, an
additional mission to destroy the plants will be underalken prior to reservoir impoundment.
Two or three repetitions of the program, on an annual basis, will be undertaken to ensure
eradication of Efchhornia from the Ganyu Valley prior to impoundment.
This eradication program will be undertaken not oniv to reduce the invasion of Eicihhooraia
into the Ganyu Arm to preserve water quality and to enhance the feasibilitv of a commercial
'fisheries industry in the lake but also as a precautionary measure to further reduce the risk
of spread of the Oncomnelaniin snail and schistosomiasis. Periodic monitoring to determine
the occurrence of Eichhornia in the Ganyu Valley and elsewhere in the Ertan Reservoir area
will continue on an annual basis in conjunction with the schistosomiasis monitoring, reservoir
aea management, water quality and fisheries programs. Presence of Eichhornia in any
portion of the reservoir will be reponed to the Panzhihua Public Health Department
(responsible for the schistosomiasis monitoring program) for remedial action. The detailed
plans for implementing this program are described in Section 5.4.3.3.
flAN EA cnm                          5.33



5.2.6. Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms
The changes to the hydrologic, temperature and sediment transport regimes caused by the
impoundment of the Yalong River by the Ertan Project will change the habitat available for
fish from that of a river to pne like a lake. This change will alter species composition and
productivity of fish in both the  servoir' and the downstream reaches. The effects and
possible mitigation measures are described below.
5.2.6.1.    Reservoir Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms
The impoundment of the Yalong River by the Ertan Dam will convert 145 km of riverine
habitat into 10,100 ha of lake-Like habitat. Although the habimt available in the reservoir
will be suitable for many species of fish, some of the fish currently inhabiting the reservoir
area may require relatively high velocity and feed primarily on benthic organisms and, thus,
may not survive. However, these species will likely be replaced, either naturally or through
the implementation of a stocking program to subsidize the proposed commercial fishery in
the reservoir. An accurate evaluation of the potential fish species composition in the Ertan
Resevoir is not possible at this time. Many fish species commonly found in rivers are able
- to adapt to lake-like environments with relative ease. For example, populations of Pacific
salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.), which are normally anadromous. have readily adapted to
completely fresh-water environments, e.g. the Great Lakes Region of North America. Some
species of salmonids. such as the rainbow trout (0. mykiss) are characterized as having two
forms: one which lives entirely in fresh-water environmenLs and the other which is
anadromous.  Because the habimat preferences and tolerance ranges for most of the fish
species found in the Yalong River are poorly understood, an understanding of what species
are likely to occur in the reservoir cannot be made at this time. For this reason, a program
of monitoring fish populations throughout the year at a number of locations in the reservoir
is necessary.
At lest five species of fish inhabiting the Yalong River exhibit seasonal movements between
the Yalong and Jinsha Rivers. Once the Ertan Dam is complete, these fish will no longer
gum                                  5
ENTDD iA 06             -  ~~~5.34



be able to move between the rivers. It is possible that some of the populations will be able
to establish sustainable populations in the reservoir. However, no definite prediction can be
made because the adaptability of these species is unknown.
The main portion of the reservoir will have some current (up to 6.0 cm/s average column
velocity in mid-reservoir) but will gradually become less turbid from the upstream end to the
dam. Water temperature will remain relatively cool throughout the reservoir area. Because
of the current in the reservoir (both resulting from the high flow conditions and from the
drawdown/refill cycles, many of the nutrients entering the reservoir will be flushed through
leading to the predicdon that the reservoir will be oligotrophic in nature.
During the refill cycle, water level in the reservoir will rise approximately I rntday. This
rapid rate is unsuitable for fish species that spawn in shallow water in nests and produce
demersal eggs. Species which produce planktonic eggs will not be affected.
Species, such as Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Zacco plarypus, Hemicukder bleekeri,
Pseudorasbora pava, Rhodeus sinensis, and Rhinogobius giurinus, are known to prefer
lacustrine conditions. These species are either omnivorous or feed on phytoplankton or
zooplankton, both of which are expected to be relatively abundant in the Ganyu Arm. All
of these species are important in commercial fisheries. Several hydroelectric projects, such
as in the Province of Hubei, and in Sichuan Province on the Dadu River constructed in the
1970s, have produced viable commercial fisheries for these species. Therefore, it is likely
that similar fishery resources will become established in the Ertan Reservoir, particularly
with the establishment of fish propagation facilities in the upper portions of the Ganyu Arm.
It is possible that Schiothorax spp mav be able to esmblish populations in the upper end of
the reservoir, particularly after formation of the sediment delta begins to form. Schizorhorar
utilizes flood plain areas for spawning. The drawdown-refill cycie of the reservoir, coupled
with the accumulated bedloads at the upper end of the reservoir may result in the creation
of suitable spawning areas for Schizorhorax spp. Once the reservoir is completed, continued
monitoring of the status of Schizorhorax in the main reservoir should be undertaken. This
species is uilized as a food source by local residents.
gMM CA CS                             5.35
INTAN fA 041~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



The conditions in the Ganyu Arm of the reservoir will be more conducive to fish populations.
However, without artificial introduction of fish into the Ganyu Arm, fish species likely to
inhabit the area inciude Hvpophrha)nichihyis molitrL and Aristichihys nobilis, both of which
feed on planktonic organisms. Addiiionally, omnivorous species such as Cyprinus carpio and
Carassius aurawus will inhabit the area and are expected to provide bases for the development
of both subsistence and commercial fieries.
Because the Ganyu Arm wi31 provide suitable habitat for certain species of cultured fish, an
option of the resettlement and compensation plan under cnsideration by residents of Yanbian
County is the opportunity to introduce commrercial fisheries into the Ganyu Armn. When the
reservoir is at its normal maximum operating level of 1,200 m, the water surfae of the
Ciany-u Arm covers approximately 2,500 ha. Approximately 1.870 ha has been identiiied as
potentil area for developing an artificial fishery. Artificial rearing ponds for various species
of fish will be constructed just belDw or at the normal operating level of the reservoir.
Spawvning stock, fertilized eggs, or fry can be obtained from other hatcheries in the regior
and transported to rthe rearing ponds to be raised to fingerling size. Approximately 2.4
million fingerlings may be produced annually in these ponds. When the reservoir is filled,
most of the fingerlings uill be released into the reservoir.
Of the 2.4 million fingerlings produced in the rearing ponds, approximately 1.0 million will
be placed in "fish farms" constructed of floating nets. In the Ganyu Arm, about 2 ha of
floating nets is currently planned. Within the nets, the fish. will be artificiallv fed with
artificial food of wheat, rice or com. Annual production from these nets is expected to be
ahoaii 1.(0 tons annualyv for each 2 ha area of farm.
The rewati-in- 1.4 million fingerlings will be released to the Ganyu Arm of' he reservor
where the fish will feed on natural food sources (phyto and zooplankLon). To ensure the
m;jor.ty of the released fish remain in the Ganyu Arm, a barrier net may be strung across
the reservoir at the outflow from the Ganyu Arm. This will retain the fish in the rcsrvoir
area and will facilitate harvesting the fish. Assuming that the naturally breeding species are
equaily productive as the cultured fish introduced into the reseoir and average weight of
the harvested fish is 1 kg, the expected yield from the Ganyu Arm is approximately 260,000
EtM EA CHS                            5.36



fish or 260 tons per year (approximately 150 lcg/ha) if the harvest rare is 5 percent of the
available populatons.   Harvest rate from  the mnair. reservoir is expected to yield
approximately 160 tons per year. It is expected that up to 50 percent of this harvest will be
from naturally occurrig wopulations.
The main fish species considered in :he planning effort include: Ilypophrhalnichrhzys
molitrix, Arislichehvs nobilis. C:enopharyn&don idellus, Cyprinua carpio, Carassius auratits
parabramus pekinensis, Megalobramna te. 'inalis, and Xenocypris argenrea. The fingerling
rearing facilities would be established at Huimin and Yongxing at Lhe upper end of the Ganyu
'Arm.
Within the main Ertan Reservoir area, an estimated 5,300 ha of water surface is available
for fish culture. Fingerling fish will released to the main reservoir in a manner similar to
that described for the Ganyu Arm. Two bays of the main reservoir, Huangiiaowan and
Puwei have also been identified as potential areas for the coistruction of fish farms. To
facilitate the commercial fishery in thc main Eran Resersoir. eig.: :.. narvest facilities are
planned at strategic locations- (See Figure 5.5). These harvest facililies wiN! consist of
landing and transshipment facilities. Harvest will be achievec1 from tleets of fishing boats
using trammel nets (to block escape of harvestable fish) and crap net. (to rol;ect the fishl.
A diagrammatic representation of the depioyment of these nets is presented in Figure 5.6.
5.2.6.1.     Downstream Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms
The Ertan Hydroeiectric Project will affect fish popo;lations downstreamii from the projec: due
to changes attributed to the changes associated with uhe hydroloic re-lmne. chanoes in w.acer
temperature. dissolved oases, and turbidity, and the creatioin of a barrier to moverrent of fish
between reaches of the Yaiong upstream and downstream f-rom the dair. When the Ton-ziiin
Project is constructed. the re-re!ujating canacitv of the p-.oje- will miisatc much of the
anticipated impacLs of the Eraia Project operation.
5.2.6.1.1.   ErfecLs of Altered Hydrologic Reggime
u'og I s                                z ;7



rxICHANGDl
*' !l   E  .                                   < ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- pv,_.e,               |       C A~~~~~~~~~~~~II fn
2~~~~~~~~~
U'                                  __                                                                                               CIyI''NG I *?
a ERTAN RFSERVO    S           e;i./>                                          5                               _ r
S~~1LIi"            -,     ERTAN DAMSITE,
N  9-^------~                                     oYANBIAN
YANI'UAN  >_
,!  / H         t_    (. X      > ,                  LEGEND
A' Rearing Areas
5                              *   Harvest Areas
Figture 5.5:  Locations of propmtied lisli Iiarvest facilities on Ertan Reservoir and Ganyu Arni
I                                        _ 



Diagam of Commorial Fishery Not Depbyment
~~~~ustx  No* No
Flw
I   OHO
I                       a,
FMgure 5.6:   Schematic diagram of urammel and trap net deployment for fish harvest.
MSrA 1*c0c                              5.39



From June through November, the hydrologic regime in the Yalong River downstream from
Eran will remain the same as current conditions. Inflow to the reservoir will exceed the
hydraulic capacity of the power station and excess water ibil! be spilled through the upper
and mid-level spillways SLich that the total outlow from the project will be the same as
existing conditions.
Berween December and May each year, Ertan will be operated on a paking basis. Without
the Tongzilin project, during nonnal and dry years, discharge from the project will be
discontinued for period of between 4and 7 hours each day. Although some pockets of water
will remain in the cannel between the dam. and the mout of the Anning River, it is lilely
that survival of fish will be limited. Dow-nstream from the confluence of the Anning, some
water will contirue to flow but will bed'rarmancaily reduced from existing conditions through
the 4 to 7 hour period.
Wnen generation begins, the rapid increase in discharge through the reach, may be sufficient
to flush any fish remaining in the cnannel downscrearn to the Jirisna. Thus. it iS expected tha;
few, ir any fish will be able to remain in the channei during the period Ertan is operated on
a paing, basis. This effect w!i be realized through the entire downstream reach of the
Yalor.g to its% mouth at the Jinsha River.
Oncc the Tongazilin Project is completed, tne efftects of peak-ing operation wrill be largely
nhiugateca. The Toneziihr in;poundment will prevent dewatering of the Ya!one River channe'
wher Ertan is not operatin!. Also, continuous operaton o' Ton_zilin Dow r .tat;on through
the period when Ertan is not operating wiii provide flow through the Yaion< on a 24-hour
basi- and will reduce the t'ushin- effect of the in.iial sTart up of Ermn each dua.
The dailv peaking operatung is not expected to affect sturgeon habitat in the Ainsha River
because the flow variation will have attenuated bv the time it reaches Yibin as discussed in
the effects of Ertan on the Yalong hydrologic regime in Section 5.2.1.
5.2.6.2.2.   Effects of Altered Water Qualitv
l  Ez;a f                            5.4



As discussed in Secton 5.2.4, the quality of water released from Erian will generally be
more moderate on an annual basis than under current conditions. During the w-Inter months,
water temperature is expected to be somewhat warmer than under natural conditions and
during the summer months, it is expected lo be somewhat cooler. On the average, however,
water released from Eran will generally be cooler than under existing conditions.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations are expected to be suitable for supporting .fish populations
and any deficit will be regained in a short distnce downstream from the project. Reduced
turbidity in the water discharged from Ertan will generally benefit fish populations.
The only potential adverse water quaiity condition that wiU arise from :he Erian Damn is the
potential for supersaturated gas (nitrogen) concentrations resulting from the spill of water
from the dam into a plunge pool (See Section 5.3.2).
Superauted concentration of nitrogen in tailwters of hydropower dams causes "gas
bubble disease' in fish and other aquatic orgnisms. Concentrati-ms M dissolved nitrogen
in excess of 120 percent satuTation is igenerally lethal to many species of fish. Evidence of
the effect of gas supersatration is present in the tailwater of the Gezhouba Dam where gas
supersaturation causes an estimated 2 percent morality in fingerlings. In the United States,
the cumulative effect of gas supersamration caused by the cascace of hvdropower projects
on the Columbia River contributed sigrifficantly to the decline of salmon populations in the
river until structural and operational modifications to the dan-s to nminimize gas
supersaturation were implemcnted.
The conservative nature of dissolved nitrogen in water leads to a potentially significant
cumulative effect of several projects placed in ciose proximitv to each other. Although the
potential for significant adverse effects of gas supersaturation associated with Enran and
Tongilin may not be great. the effects of these projects coupled with similar effects at up
to 20 projects along the Yalong and Jinsha Rivers- may result in increasing the observed 2
percent fingerling mortality at Gezhouba Dam to an unacceptable level. As outlined
previously, consideration must be given to minimize the risk of gas supersaturation in the
planning for additional projects on both the Yalong and Jinsha Rivers.
Wmi FA CHS                            5.41



5.2.6.2.3.   Effects or the Barrier Created by Dam
Ertan Dam will create a barrier to the upstream and downstream movement of fish through
the Yalong River. However, the only migratory species that might occur in the Yalong is
the eel, Anguillajaponica. Based on recent surveys conducted in the Yalong River from its
confluence with the Jinsha to reaches upstream from the Ertan Reservoir, the occurrence of
the eel has not been recorded. However, it-is likely that at one time the species did occur
here.
A.dditionally, entrainment of fish through the project facilities, either through the power
station or through the spillways. is not expected to be significant. As described above, fish
populations in the reservoir are expected to consist of shallow water and open water species
and are expected to inhabit the surface water of the reservoir. The intakes for both the power
sttion and for the spillways will be approximately mid depth in the water column even when
the reservoir is drawn down to its lowest level. Consequently, the potential numbers of fish
susceptible to entrainment through either the power station or through the spillways is
expected to be small and no significant adverse effect to the fish populations is expected.
The expected harvest rates from the reservoir area (equivalent to a mortality rate from the
perspective of the fish populations) is likely to have a greater impact on the fish population
densities than wC': any mortality or loss of fish from the reservoir attributable to entrainment.
The sustainability of the fisheries populations in the reservoir is amply supported by the
sustained fisheries in numerous other hydroelectric impoundments such as those found in
Hubei ana other provinces in China.
To understand the effects of the project on fish resources an aquatic monitoring program will
be implemented prior to completion of construction. The program will be continued through
the operational period to identify arv fish resources problems that may be resolved through
a revised management practice. Costs for implementing this program during the construction
period are summarized in Chapter 7. Costs associated with the establishment of the program
are also presented in Chapter 7, as well as in the Resettlement Action Plan for Ertan (1994).
5.3. Terrestrial Impacts and Mitigation
14001r5
Er% A C"r                             5.42
.



The second unavoidable impact of dams is the inundation of land resources. In such cases,
the only altemative that is available is to compensate for the loss either by relocation of
certain of the resources (e.g. wildlife species and humans), or the management of comparable
areas such as designated management areas or preserves to encourage expansion of resources
(e.g. wildlife and vegetation) comparable to those lost to inundation. For the Ertan Project,
the amount of land inundated is approximately 10,100 ha. Losses of vegetation, wildlife and
socio-economic resources and the compensation for these losses-are discussed in this sectuon
and the following section. A management plan consisting of the establishment of a
management buffer zone around the reservoir is needed to compensate for the losses.
5.3.1. Vegetation
Most of the vegetation to be inundated by the reservoir is of neither conservation nor
economic value. Economic trees such : Ntokella inai&,.., A oono sureni, Cyclobalanopsis
glaucoides and C. hefferdant thai are destined to be subirtrgee   u. and removed
during the bank clearing phase. Analysis of the i  ..aauo  zone shows that some 2000 ha
of regularly-hanrested fuelwood forest and 1000 ha oi broadleaf iimn'ber forest will be lost.
These areas are comD.-ec o.a numerous smaller areas ranaini iJr !ze from 50 to 200 ha. In
a trivial sense, the loss of the broadleaf forest is of no consequlence ne,a:';c. ::> single area
has much signiSzanl:e. On the other hand, the presence of relatively undisturbed lowland
broadleaf forest anywhere in the subtropical and trovical zones has been so reduced in size
because of human intervention of various types, that the conservation value of even smal
pocketc steadily increases. Indirectly, the formation of the Ertan Reservoir will pocennallv
affect the vegetation in the vicinity by virtue of the construction of new roads and the
provision of access to various, previously inaccessible, areas (principally by boat). This
increased accessibility to the higher slopes of the valley could encourage further degradaLion
of native vegetation types.
To compensate for these losses, EHDC will assume management responsibilitv for a 100 m
elevation buffer zone above the maximum operational water surface elevation (1200 m)
around the entire Eran Reservoir. Management of this zone will include piovision for the
- etTA uCs                               5.43



socio-economnic compensation plans (e.g. resettlement areas, fuelwood timber areas, and fish
rearing and harvest fzcilities) mnd for the preservation and enhancement of tracts of native
broadleaf forest. Establishment of this manageaiment zone will provide for achievement of
several objectives:
Preservation and enhancement of viable tracts of subtropical broadleaf forest;
Control of human occupation adjacent to the reservoir;
Minimization of the potential for increased erosion along the reservoir margin;
- :duction in the Dotential for sediment deposition in the reservoir from
adjacent valley slopes;
Management of umber and fuielwood forested areas along the margin of the
reservoir to minimize potential over-exploitation; and
Reduce the potential for adverse affects to wuater quality due to runoff from
adjacent aras.
The toa.i area of the management zone between elevations 1200 and 1300 m is approximately
;40Q ha. Currently, approximately 3200 ha is cuitivated either for wetland (rice, etc.) or
an. Ian wcorn, etc.) crops. In the Ganyu Vallev. 162 ha of the management zone is
occurned bN Yanbian Town and other small nearbv villages. An additional 46 ha of the zone
iS currently occun;--' by small homesteads scattered around the Ermn Reservoir area. Tnc
remainder of the area (approximatelv 10,000 ha) is uninhabi!ed by humans and is covered
bt. '-x:OU5 Lvpes of vegetative cor-munities inciuding shrub/grassland (1000 ha): savann.ah-
lh:k .;o.. i'QOO hal: wasteland (suitable for reforestatiGn, 1500 ha): and subtropical
-a. ;!:i:i .orcs: t:600 ha). The prevalence of broadleaf forest in the managem.ent provides
2::U  o,ounity tO designate tl tO 4.600 ha as a conservation preserve for this native
:.: o:.e. Such designatior will comnensate for the loss of WOO0 ha of native forests
ir. ;:e rcbr-,% oir area. Desienatior o; the conser:ration area ard managcmcnt of the bufter
zone will be coordinated with the Sicviuan Ministrv of Forestrv and implemented by the ocal
Forestrv Bureaus having jurisdiction ir the area adjacent to the Ertan Reservoir area as soon
as the loan becomes effective.
EuPTA EA cmri                          5.44



Up to 1,000 ha of additional land may be included in the conservation preserves. This 1,000
ha consists of tie wasteland areas which will be reforested through a replanting program.
Plans for the reforestation of the wasteland area includes the planting of native, fast growing
species derived from. sources sinmilar to those within the existing broadleaf forest. Two
speciei have been identified as potential for implementing this reforestation program: Pin us
kesiya var. Iangbionensis and Acacia richii. Initial planting of these species will be in three
combinations: pure forests of Pinus kiuya war. Iangbionensis, pure forests of Acacia richii,
and a mixture of these two species. The intent is to start the forests with a few fast growing
species and allow invasion of other species into the areas from adjacent mature broadleaf
forests. These forests as well as the existing stands of naturally occurring broadleaf forests
will be protected. Harvest of timber from either the natural or the reforested areas will be
prohibited.
The construction of the Ertan Project will cause the loss of auproximately 1080 ha of
subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest. a forest type that is rapidly disappearing in subtrop!cai
China. However. the loss of this amount of forest is offset bv the preservation of 4600 hIa
of existing, undisturbed forest which is currently not represented in an:. of he presCeres Mn
southwest China. In addition, the management objective of reforesting atproximately 1000
ha of additional area ir the conservation zone around ,he Enar Reservoir will creatc an
opportunitv to evaluate the feasibilitv of reforestation teclni.ues ;n reescablishin2 thc
evergreen broadleaf forest liotype.  Without the construction of the  eservoir and the
assumption of management responsibility around the reservoir. the continued destraeiorn L1
the broadleaf forest will surely conEinue. Tlerefore. the loss of cIJSO ha of this ;te;; tvr!.
is fully compensated bv the urotection of 4600 ha of na[wc forest and heic cD;bortun-T> ;c.
expand this total, Enrougb appropria.c management, to ovcr it-i"  ia.
5.3.2. Wildlife
The available data indica-e that there will be no significan. dir£ impact -of the reservoir on
wildlife because most soecies present in the inundation zone are relatively abundant and
widespread. Some species of waterfowi and wading birds mav be a!tracted to the relativelv
slow-flowing water and the drawdowrn zones. There may. however. be sivilttiCel!t !no.i.rec
94dO E'i+
ESTAh EA CPS4



impacts on populations of species inhabiting the broadleaf forests and the higher, more
forested regions. In the absence of adequate data, the conservative view must be that the
species, some globally threatened, that are seemingly restricted to the broadleaf forests of the
region (Section 4.4.3) will be reduced as human and livestock pressure increases on the
forests of higher elevations unless definitive management actions are undertaken.
As described above in Section 5.3.1, EHDC will assume direct management responsibility
for a buffer zone between elevations. 1200 and 1300 m adjacent to the Ercan Reservoir.
Designation of conservation areas to protect the broadleaf forests currently present in the
zone will pmvide for the preservation of habitat suitable to the endangered bird species.
Management goals seeking to expand the distribution of this forest type within the
management zone will also be incorporated into the overall plar for the management of this
area. Among the management goals to be included in the plan is the provision of full
attention will be given to providing habitat 'corridors' between areas of suitable wildlife
habitat.
5.3.3. Biological diversity
At present the biological diversity in the area to be inundated and immediatelv around the
reservoir is not ':'  understood and the impact of the reservoir cannot be ful!v evaluated.
However. it is recognized that the low.and subtropical broadleaf forest. present within the
reservoir area mav be important to some threatened species. particularly some bird species.
To provime for the continued maintenance of this forest type withir. the YalonE Valley.
El IDC  will assume direct management responsibility for a bui'er zone  n-med:atci'
surr-ounding the reservoir between elevaions 1200 and 1300 m. Among the manaeemen:
Eoals for this area is the preservation and conservation of remaining tracts of the subtropical
broadleaf forest known to exist in the area and described in Section 5.3.1. However. the
value of these forests in representing the broadleaf forest is not known and specific areas to
be conserved cannot be identified at this time. To assist in determining the integrity of the
broadieaf forests that will be inundated and to identify significant areas in the management
zonC for conservation, EHDC is planning to conduct an survey of bird species present in the
existing forest areas. A team of national and international ornithologists will con.duct the
ERWA.S!AC,5                            5.4



survey in the spring of 1995 when many of the bird species are known to be breeding. Based
on this inventory, as well as an appraisal of the condition of the forests within the inundation
zone and in the management zone, specific areas will be identified either for conservation
or for active management to encourage the expansion of this-important habitat type. As the
additional information becomes available, the detailed plan for the management of the buffcr
zone (with goals defined in Section 5.3.1) will be formulated.
Available information regarding the distribution of intact tracts of the broadleaf forest
indicates that there is a good opportunity (up to 4,600 ha) for establishing conservation areas
within the management zone to fully compensate for the loss of broadleaf forest in the
inundation zone and to conserve valuable representation of this forest type. Costs for
implementing the management zone plars and studies to support the management planning.
process are summarized in Chapter 7.
7.4. Socio-economic Impacts and Mitigation
The primary effects on the socio-econonmic environment will be the loss of various valued
services and obiects as a result ot the inundation. Their impacts are assessed below.
5.4.1. W ater Use Impacts
Changes to the hvdrology and water quality in the Yalong River attributable to construction
and operation o( the Ertan Dam and Power Station have the potential for adversely affectin
use of the  Yalong River and potentially use ot the Jinsha River  downstream from the
confluence of the Yalong. Four uses-of the Yalong River have been identified which may
be affected by the Yan Pr      uais- of the     poten  averse  effe  oheproject
on these uses and measures adoped by EHsDC to mitigate or minimize the effects are
described below.
5.4.1.1.    Effects to Structures in and along River Channel
ERTAq IA CA6S                         5.4X



The evaluation of potential effects to structures located in and along the Yalong River
downstTam from the Ertan Project are made in reference to the changes in Lhe hydmlogic
regime and the analysis of bedload aggregation and degradation presented above.
T'he Misaituo timber handling facilities, located approximately 10 km downstream from the
Ertan Dam. consist of a ring-type wood structure connect by several concrete piers founded
on bedrock outcropping in the Yalong River channel. The analysis of bedload transport
processes downstream from the Erman Dam indicates that the bed at this site will be scoured
by an average depth of approximately 0.5 m after 50 years of operation. Because the piers
are founded on bedrock. it is likely that the channel in the immediate area of the piers will
not be degraded and the foundations of the piers will not be affected by project operation.
Normally this facilitv is operated onlv during the z1ionths of lune through September when
the Enan Project will most likely be spilling water. the operation of the project on a daily.
pealing basis will not affect the use of the facilities.
The timber handling facilities at Xiacdeshi, Anning River Mlouth, Dapingdi, Niupinozi, ard
Sanduizi. consist of ::oating booms attached to the shoreline by overhanging cables. The
position of these booms can be changed as necessary. There are no foundations associated
with thesc iacilities and therefore will not be affected by bedload processes. Tnc pr.ma.i
eufecL tO tlh  LAaization 0, ti,CSe structures is that thev cannot be operted during dhe period
when Eian is vpc.ated on a daiiy basi. However, because the height of tise is assoc;a;ed
wvith the high flow period, June through November. when Ertan will be operated on a
:ontinuous basis. :ne fact that luctua.inc flow will interrupt use or !he facilities is irrelevant.
Junnr the period when Ercan is operated on a peaking mode, the booms mav be moved and
stored on the shoreline to prevent damage. Depending upon the site specific conditions. it
may be possible to alter the at=ch'rcsn cables and positions of ie booms such that. te boomns
will rise and fall with the changes in river discharge. In addition, once Tongzilin Dam is
constructed. fluictuations in river discharge downstream from the project will be reduced
therebv providing further protection to river channel and river bank structures associated with
the timber handling. facilities.
Eft&a EA C5 N.4S



The Xiaodeshi timber storage and loading facilities are construcred along the left bank of the
Yalong River in an area characterized as having a shallow slope. The facilities are protected
by a concrete and concretetmasonry revetment wall which is founded on bedrock. Because
of the shallow slope of the river bank, river bed scour and fluctuating river discharges are
not expected to adversely affect the storage and loading facilities. .qgain. once 'rongzilin
Dam is constructed, water velocities will be reduced and potential damage to the piers and
shoreline facilities at the Xiaodeshi timber handling site will he further reduced.
Structures associated with the Panzhihua Mine Power Plant and the piers of the three bridges
across the Yalong River are founded on bedrock and are not subject to foundation problems
associated with scour or discharge fluctuation.
Several buildings associated with the Xiaodeshi Hydrologic Station are located along the
Yalong River and are founded on erodible materials. However, based on the sediment
transport analysis, it is expected that the particular locations of the b1iildnas are in an area
of sediment deposition rather than' sediment scour. Consequently, the risk of impact
associated with flow fluctuation or bedload movement is extremely low t-hrough the life of
the Ertan Project.
Near the town of Tongzi!in. downstream from the confluence of the Anning River with the
Yalong, several residentia! vuildin-s are vresent alone the river. However, manv of these
residences are built on bedrock foundations or are on alluvial materials that have a reiatively
shallow slope toward the river. The bedload transport analysis indicates that there may be
some scour of the river bed during 50 vears of operation. However, the amount of scour is
estimated to be quite minimal and poses no threat to these buildings. Additionallv, the
location of these residences has been idenEified as an area for portions of the construction
staging sites associated with the construction of the Ertan Dam.  Consequently, these
residences have been requisitioned by the State and the residents relocated to other, higher
elevation, locations within Tongzilin.
Overall, it is expected that the construction and operation of the Ertan Dam and Power
Station will not cause significant adverse impacts to structures located in or along the Yalong
EM 's                                  5.49



River between the dam site and the confluence of the Yalong River with the Jinsha River.
Any anticipated effects will be reduced further after construction of the Tongzilin Dam and
Power Station.
5.4.1.2.    Effects on Downtream Industrial, Agriculturl, and
Domestic Water Supplies
During the high flow season, the operation of the Panzhihua Mine Water Treatment Plant
will not be affected by the operation of the Ertan Project. During the low flow seaon, when
- Ertan is operated on a peaking basis, it is estimated that flow in the Yalong will remain at
a minimum of 20 - 80 m3/s, derived primarily from the Anning River. Because the intake
for the pumping station is positioned in a deep well, the low water levels associated with the
low flows will still be above the intakes to the pumping station. The primary risk to the
water intake at the Panzhihua Mine Water Treatment Plant is with respwct to the qualitv of
the water (primarily from the Anning) during the low flow period. Currently, the quality of
the Anning River is classified between I and II according to the Republic Water Quality
Standards (See above). Towns and villages alono the Anning currently use Anning water for
domestic supplies. However, the water is purified and sterilized to meet the Republic Water
Qualitv Standard for Drinking Water, prior to distribution. The Panzhihua Mine Water
Treatment Plant Licilitv is also subjec: to this standard.
Once the construction of Ertan Dam is completed, the Yalong River will become the primary
sou-ce o: w, ater f:r the new Yanbian County Town. Although the pumping sttion will be
oc-signed to accommodate flow fluctuation in the Yalong River, additional precautions will
be implemented to prevent contamination of the water source by sewage discharge into the
rive:. Scwage discharge will be restricted and controlled along both banks of the Yalong
below the dam and in the area surrounLding Yanbian County Town.
The floating pumping stations located on the Jinsha River between the confluence of the
Yalong and Jinjiang Railway Station will not be affected by water level fluctuation or
minimum released attributable to the opeation of the Ertan Project. No impact is anticipated
because of the mobility of the pumps to accommodate water level variations.
SAr i   ot                          5.50



5.4.1.3.    Impact on ranber Transportation System
The Ertan Project will create two major obstacles to the continued use of the Yalong River
for transporting harvested timber from the upper basin to Yibin: The Ertan Impoundment
and the Ertan Dam. Because of the importance of the timber harvest to the economy of
Sichuan Province, specific measures have been incorporated into the design and operation
of the Eran Project to mitigate the impact to this use of the Yalong River water.
The Ertan Reservoir will restrict the conveyance of the harvested timber through 145 km.
To mitigate this impact, EHDC and CHIDI have incorporated a log handling facility at the
upper end of the Ertan Reservoir. Logs entering the upper end of the reservoir will be
intercepted and gatdered into rafts of logs. These rafts will then be towed down the reservoir
to a second handling facility on the upstream side of the dam.
T-o pass the logs through the dam. the design of the project includes two tunnels passing
through the right dam abutment. Conveyor belt assemblies will carmy the logs through the
tunnels and deposit the logs in the tailwater. The log passage tunnels are depicted.on the
project lavout (Figure 2.3). The log rafts will be dismantled and individual logs placed on
the conveyor belt to be carried to the tailwarer of the dam and power staton. The timber
conveyor wil consist of a loading area at the upper end of the tunnel. ne m±achinery and
conveyor belt structures, and an off-loading area at the downstream end of the tunnel. The
belts -are designed to pass logs at a rate of 300 m3/h. It is estimated that approximately
11,500 m3 of timber can be conveved per day, based on a two shift operation. Given this
rate, the current volume of 0.4 million m 3 of timber can be moved through the dam in
approximately 35 days.
Because the season during which timber is transported from the upper Yalong Cazchment
extends from July through September, the Ertan Reservoir will be filled, the power station
will be operated on a continuous basis at the hydraulic capacity, and discharge downstream
from the dam will be in excess of the 1,500 m3/s minimum operating level at the existing
handHng facilities. Costs for construcdon of the log tunnel are integrated with the costs
associated with the construction of the dam and powerhouse.
"'uIt5E um                            5.51



The only other obstacle will be the impoundment ard damn associated with the Tongzilin
Power station. Measures to -maintain the use of the Yalong for transporiing the Yalong
Catchment timber will aiso be incorporated in.o the design and operation of thd Tongzilin
Project.
*              5.4.1.4.     Effects on Navigation
Construction and operation of the Ertan Project is expected to benefit navigation on both the
Yalong and the Jinsha Rivers. These benefits have been discussed previouslv.
5.4.2. Land Use
S.4._.1.     Submersion losses
The f;-.anon of the Eran reservoir wiil submeree 10i. '2) ha. some 24 percent comprises
gassy hillsides. 20 percent timber rorests. 16 percent. wct an-- drv ficid;. j0 pe.-cent
fuelwood forests. 20 percent the former river channel, and I !)ercent habitatioll. It iS clear
that by far the greatest losses with be ir the Ganvu Vallev o 'Yanbian County (Table 5.4.
EIHDC will bL;_J= active'. involved in manaeerneni of the 16.0OU km2 of -he watershed
above F-Lan reservoir and will assume direct manaeement resoonzibihliv for a zone around
c mcrn~in Qo ;he l rtan Rescr-voir extend. ng front ;he normal mra :m.ni operaung lc.v of
i_0O m aionC the land surfact to an elevation of 1300 m. This zo;- includes a;uproximatel
i3.00) ha as described in Section 5.3. The purpose of this is to conserve water. decrease
soil rosion. and improve the esthetics of the rcservot. margin. Guidelines from the Ministry
of Forestry indicate that the responsibility of a reservuir owner extends only over a belt of
100 m elevation above the maximum level of the reservoir. EHDC will generaliv entrust the
practical manacement to other agencies; for example. Panzhihua Municipality has established
a smnall forestry bureau to execute the necessary works. Within EHDC, the watershed
management will be the responsibilitv of the Environmental Protection Committee of EHDC.
I At. FACV                             5.52



Table 5A:    Summary of submersion losses in Ertan Reservoir Area.
County
leio          Unit      Total Yambian  Miyi Dechang Yanyuan Xichwg
Reservoir Water Surice  (kID2)     101     42       22      6        16     10
Aguicultural Land       (ha)      1656   1036      299     85       231      6
Paddy Fields        (ha)       139    589      125     32        93      1
Dy Land             (ha)       818 .  447      174     53       138      5
Cthcr Land Uses         (ha)      5464   2655 -  130    165        1224    122
Fish Ponds          (ha)       0.6..  0.6
Mulbeny Tres        (ha)       1.5    1.5
Orchards            (ha)       0.2    0.1      0.1
Timber Forest       (ha)      1043    766      181     44        48
Fuel Forst       -(ha)        1979   1087      315     97      408
Grassland           (ha)      2440   8M2       799     23      788
Annual Cereal Producto(X 106 kg)  15.27   9.97    2.62     0.7        2
Housebolds             (no.)      4462   3830      408     52       166
Urban               (no.)     1581   1549       18      8
Rural              (no.)      2881   2231      390     44       166
Population            (peos)   21917  16261    2159    321         1026
Urban            0(pens)    8003   5722        97      32         2
Rural             mons)   13914  10539    2062    298          1024
Houses                  (m2)   961500 771200  118500  15200        3200
Brick               (ml)    9730  79200
Wood               (mW)    82200  74600    3400   1800
Earth/wood          (ma)   635600 512100   84900   1110    22500
Other Buildings         (m2)    145300 105300   302      2300      8500
Snmal Hydro Stations    (no.)       16       3       3      1         8
(kW)      2344   1187   336.6    55        516
HigwaysRoads            (km)       358     90       53                5
Communication Lines     (m)        397    165       70     19        38
Tram  isDon Lines       (km)       648    170      319     20       121
Broadcast Lines         (kcm)      819    155      664
Factories               (no)        12      11
Notes:
1. The rservoir area indudes areas of existing rivers and smams
S.42.2.       Living Areas and Agricultural Lands
Although not large in area, one of the major impacts of the reservoir will be the submergence
of homes and cultvated land. Parts of 31 Rural Areas from five Counties wili be flooded
by the reservoir, and the homes of over 29,000 people will be lost in both farming and
village areas, mainly in the Ganyu Valley. A total of 1,656 ha of culcivated land will be
submerged, representing an annual loss of over 15,000 tons of cereal production. Some
people will lose land but not their homes, others will lose their homes but not their land,
w.o ols
Wm  AN Acm                                   .5



while others may lose both. If the population werm simply moved out of the reach of the
reservoir the ara of cultivated land per capita would be reduced by an average of 18 percent
and the available land would be of lower average quality than the.land currently used. To
solve this problem, only about 9,000 of theaffected people will be moved up above the
reservoir (within their administrative area), and the remainder will be resetled. The people
who move up the slopes can use their compensation money from EHDC to develop the new
land with the-gidanCe of the County agricultuC departMent. EHDC, as owners of the
resevoir area, have agreed to allow the inhabias remaining i the Ganyu Valley to exploit
the approxiately 330 ha of broad drawdown areas by way of com tion for the land lost
by the communities (igure 5.7 and Table 5.5). The options being drawn up by CHIDI will
be considered by representatives from Yanbian County, and are discussed briefly in Chapter
6 and in more detail in the Resettlement Action Plan (FHDC, 1994). Responsibility for the
development of these areas is borne entirely by Yanbian County.
When resettlement is deemed necessary, it is state policy to reconstruct featumes to their
original scale and not to cause any loweing in living standards. The loss of Yanbian Town
will be compensated by the construction of a new town near the site of the Tongzilin damsite,
and the boundaries of the County will be redrawn to allow people resettled to remain in their
original administrative area.  Detailed plans for the resettlement of other displaced
communities have been drawn up and are discussed in the Rcsettlement Action Plan (EHDC,
1994).
5.4.2.3.    Forestry
Some 2,000 ha of fuelwood forest and 1.000 ha of broadleaf timber forest in numerous
patches will be submerged These will be compensated for by planting and protection within
the Environmental Management Zone (Section 5.3. 1). The forests within the zone, when its
boundaries are finally agreed, will be included in either the protected area or within areas
subject to various management pracdces and policies. Delirteation of the protected forests
as well as the managed forest areas will be determined after the Biological Diversity Survey
(Section 5.3.3) is completed and other requirements associated with the resettlement plan
have been furdter deineated.
MaS C                               5.54



§            n~~~F1ueu  S.1:   WN{utIlthit DOs.4ni&  Ateu Ck;t zVeIscM hg she Oz"u An.,
\ $tsnlag   "t                 S                         .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tunia
. -, ,nc yin  g R.A
lila
* .oogwtii . .    \                                                Jlan    R
~  I    '.~.  Mutiuplil  I                       nbI3fl CGuItty (IIM*U$3 t@Wsij
I  ~~       twan~~piwig
Yum R .A                XiIOI1113
LEGEND
v  ' "" "      County CapPitl
{                                                                               tb~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Townshipg caplUIa
ShJntb{yirhetHtiling)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Village
^ *'-.   TowRnStp bwn*ty
r    HJhnin RA^inS                                                                                                      ie
*  xihg



Table 5.5:    Enumeration of the utilizable area of the drawdown zone for development in the
Ganyu Armn of the Ermn Reservoir.
Land in Drawdown Zone (ha)
Rural Area   Village       Above 1180 m      Above 1190 m
Jiainkang                      62.2               5.6
Yalong            16.0               5.B
Bailin             8.7               3.1
-               Taosbui             9.2               4.3
Duogu             13.9               7.7
Xiniu             1.6               2.3
Tuanjie            3.8               2.4
Yongxzig                       14S.2            102.2
Wmntang           55.7      -       27.3
Pingtin           19.2               9.6
Yongaing          39.0              30.5
Pancun            34.3              34.3
Haimin                         62.5              56.8
Yinhe              8.S               4.5
Xinlin            26.6              25.2
Xinglong          37.1             2.7.1
Yamen       -                   2.2              36.6
Villages          14.5              15.5
Villages          23.2              12.7
Villages           7.5               2.4
Xinping                         S.9               8.9
5.4.2.4.     Industry
A total of 12 factories and mines will be submerged (Table 4.1 1). It is the policy of the
Government of China to rebuild submerged industries to their original scale at another
location. The large Ertan clay mine will lose access to about 1.5 million tons of clay, about
25 percent of the total reserves. The main facilities have already been moved to another site
and are operational. The Hongni anthracite coal mine will lose 4.5 million tons of its 169
million reserves which are exploited at an annual rate of 0.3 million tons. The impact on this
mine is not considered significant. Most of the remaining small industries will be rebuilt in
the new Yanbian Town. Others are relocating outside Yanbian. Costs associated with the
relocation of the affected industries are included in the Resettlement Action Plan (EHDC.
1994).
bEA C                                    5.56



5.4.3. Population Distribuition and Infrastructure.
5.4.3.1.     Erfects on Minority Nationalities
People belonging to rninority nationalities living in areas destined to be inundated are treated
in the same manner as the majority Han nationality. The more traditional mir1ority groups
live well above the maximum reservoir level and will experience no direct impacts. Locai
health agencies report no significant differences between the health of Han and the othcr
tiationalities. Almost all the construction workers confine their acdivites to the damsite a=d
camp, and are unlikelyv to come into close contact with the minoritn nationalities. Even so.
sanitary and quarantine precautions taken against possible diseases brought by the workers
will be conducted (see below).
5.4.3.2.     Cultural Resources
Although the results of the detailed surveys of cultural property that *will be sunmerged arc
not yet available, the principle has alrefiuv betrn established by Sichuan B'lreau of Ar. ard
Culture that the excavation a3nd rem*-j.ai o. the lnown tombs and other rehies for stud; will
be permitted.
5.4.3.3.     Humnn health
Human health will be monitored regul r;  ard ihe Es-ci Mniutute of E         Liiss.s
Protection wiil be established accordir.v ,o the law on the nre%'entio-. ancd :reat-ri-t of
infectious diseases.   Prior to the completion of the Ertan  'ioJect. tnis ins-rute. 1!
cooperation with the Panzhihua PUDiiC Hl-ait!h Bureau. the Yanbin Couint. Purn:c Heai:n
Bureau and the Sichuan Provincial Rcsettlernent Office i.n consultation with the United
Nations World Health Oreanization) wi l conduct a survey of residents in 'anb.;an Couii[v
inciuding those residents who will be displaced :o the resettlement area. Thc .'arpose ot th=
survev will be to determine Lhe incidence vf infectious diseases in the affected copulation and
to implement procedures to cure infected individuals and to deveiop treatmrent olans for
minimizing the risk of future epidemics ot th. diseases in the area. Oncc the inr.al sur;ey
306!5                                   _ -
f TAN EA 4                               ._i



is completed and the project is in operation, annual monitoring of the occuirrence of
infectious diseases will be implemented.  This monitoring will corsist primarily of
establishing reporting procedures from local health professionals who are responsible for the
health care of the residents. The incidence of all potentially fatal infectious diseases wil1 be
reported to the respective public health agencies having jurisdiction in the area. These
aoencies in turn will provide annual reports to the EHDC environmental management office.
to enable a central information center necessary for the comprehensive administration of the
Ertan Hydroeilectric Project operations.  Specific componenms of the potential effects lo
public health attributable to Ermn construction and operation are described in more detail in
the following paragraphs.  Costs for implementing these procedures are summarized in
Chapter 7 and in the Resettlement Action Plan (EHDC 1994).
3.4.3.3.1.   Malaria
AlthoLgh Panzhihua Municipalitv is now considered free of malaria since 1991, there a  two
noten:ia impacts of the projecE which need attention: the reintroduction of the disease
organism into the area by workers arriving from neighboring regions where the disease .s
still pr,valent. and the potential creation of ecolooical conditions suitable for proliferation
of the inosquuto species thai transmit the disease. Ir is likelv that populations of the mosquito
'ecro: are s;,ii present in the vicinity of Ertan. Consequent!l. these populations may once
again become a.iiv- vectors of malana as a consequence of workers coming into the area
whEo are -ar.rers of :.z disease organism. Although in SiLIU;UOnSu where the disease is absent
aInc :h  Drcbabilaies associated with the infectior of oeher humans via the mosquito are
>.cauivc  small. safeguards wAil be implemented to further reduce the probability that malaria
*k-i: recozme re-established arl'und Ertan Reservoir. These safeguards include:
Impiementation of routine program lo eradicate mosquito populations in the vicinity
oi all construction sites:
Pre-employment screening of all work-ers at the project site to include blood tests for
maiaria (Al workers are required to obtain a Certificate of Verification of Physical
Examination prior to commenclng work- at the sites):
u4s- 
.RTAM E;                                C R



-     treatment and isolation (until cured) of persons found suffering from the disease;
-     issuance of malarial prophylactics to workers and administrative staff;
-      nmonitoring of mosquito populations in the vicinity of the construction area; and
-     implementing routine malaria prevention actions in the arek surrounding the seservoir.
Costs for implementing these actions are summarized in Chapter 7.
During the operation phase and while the reservoir remains at its maximum operating level
there are no particular problems related to potential re-establishment of malaria in the Drojec;
area. However, during the drawdown periods pools of shallow water attractive to malaria
vectors may be expected to form in the flatter a-'d hieher areas of the Ganyu Valley.
Consequently, care will be taken during the reservoir clearing process (See Section 5.5.-)
to remove topographic features within the drawdown zone that rmLIL retain standing water
through the drawdown period. Specific areas to be removed are existin,g irrigation ponds.
fis. ponds, rice fields and irrigation ditches in the agricultural areas surrounding the
reservoir. AddiLionally, periodic surveys of the upper reaches of the reservoir, both ir. the
main reservoir and in the Ganyu arm will be performed to identify areas of standing water
that remain after drawdown. Such areas may not be present initiallv but may develop as
sediment from the upper reaches of the drainage basin accumulates at the head of the
reservoir. If such areas are detected, thev will be filled or othermis- arainec, rc' nreie
infestation bv mosquito populations.
5.4.3.3.2.   Schistosomiasis
As discussed in Section 4.4.3, no new cases of schistosomiasis have been recorded from the
Ganyu River Vallev in the last few years. In order to minimize the risk of schistosomiasis
recurring in the Ganyu Valley several measures will be implemented by EHDC prior to and
during operation of the Ertan Project. Although the operation of the project itself will not
encourage the spread of either the disease or the disease vector. several components of the
T E                                    5.59



project increases the rislk that the disease may reappear in the vicinity of lhe project,
particularly in the Ganvu basin, an historic flocus of this disease. Three aspects of the
epidemiology of schistosomiasis are addressed in various management and monitoring
prog,rams proposed in associaton with the Errn Project. These include minimization of the
presence of suitable habitat for the intermediate host for the disease (the Oncomefanic snail):
a program  to yrecuce the occurrence and distribution of' the intemediate host; and the
ident-fication of human carrers of the disease that either reside in the area or have moved
into the ares -,- nart of the construction work force.
The proposed program  to control the occurrence of the water weed, Eichhonwa. as presented
in Section 5.2.5, has three objectives: reducing potential.effects to navigation and project
operation. reducing the risk of potendial adverse effects to water qualitv and fishery
prodtcrior.. and m reduce Ltle availability of suitable habitat for the vectors of infectious
diseases. Of principal concern here is the control of the potential spread of snail populations
known to be vectors of Schihrosoma japonicum, the disease organism.
The drawdown zone arouind tihe reservoir may not be suirpbie snail jsecondarv host; habi% ta.
but the terraced rice fields and ditches above the reservoir will remain as potential refuges.
In addition there are other loations in China where the disease can still be found and there
is alwavs a risk that the disease organism may be brought to the reservoir area ny migrnn
worvers.
Dunng the Sichburnia eracdiiacion prograni proposed for imp!mrncnt-ation p :e ro - servo;r
filling, a simaitaneous surve- of the presence of populations of the snail wvii. oe :onculcted.
An% ponulations of the snail discovered durine this process will be eradizaic! nrederatl'
through a combination of mollus-nide application anid removai of the habita: feature. Once
the project becomes operational. monitoring of the occurrence of the disease will be
continiued as part of the overall public health monitoring program described above for malaria
(Section 5.4.3.3).
To minimize the risk that workers corninc to the project area as parn of the coristruction force
do not reintroduce schisrosomiasis to the area around the Ertan Proiect, eac.. worker is
MAN EAC=5.



required :o obtain a Cerificate of Verificaton of Physical Examination prior to commencing
work at the site. To obtain these certificates. the workcers are screened fcr a vanety of
infectious diseases including schistosomiasis. This program was implemented prior to the
commencement of project construction and continues as a policy of employment by EHDC
and the construction contractors. EHDC will ensure that the screening and equipment are
adequate.
5.4.3.4.    Occupational changes
Occupations are recorded in two categories: agricultural and non-agriculiuraL. In general,
people will maintain their existing occupations, but ,00O-3,O00 people from the Ganyu
Valley will switch from agricultural to non-agricultural labor when they are resettled in the
new Yanbian County Towii.
5.5. Construction Impacts and Mitigation
The potential environmental effects observed during the construction of the Ertan Project are
aenerally of a teiiporary nature and stem from ground disturbance, operation of equipmen;
and housing of the labor force. Processes which lead to the effects include erosion and
runoff from construction related areas, production of dus: and noise resuling from blasting
and oDeration of heavv equipment. emissions and w.aste oils from heavy equipment operation.
r.nd wastew2ter discharges from the housing areas.
a.;.1. Eros;on and Runoff from Construction Areas
Clearing of vegetative cover for excavation and filling of construction areas exposes tile
underlying soils and rock surfaces to erosion. In aeneral, erosion from the rockl surfaces will
be minimal. However, placement of fill imaterials, either for creation of construction staging
areas or for the placement of spoil materials removed from the tunnels and foundations may
FAl4 i  cnHs                          5.61



lead to excessive erosion. Erodible materials may eventually find their way into the river
causing increases in the suspended sediment concentrations in the river,
In general, surfaces of the work areas will be either covered with concrete, consist of
exposed bedrock, or will be contained between the main diversion cofferdams upstream and
downstream from the construction site. Additionally, runoff from major construction support
sites will be controlled and dir*ted to settling basins prior to releasing the water to the river.
Clarified water will be skimmed from the surface of the settling basins for discharge to the
Yalong River. Principle areas for which control of runoff is particularly necessary include
the concrete batch plant areas, the aggregate processing areas, and the equipment storage
areas.
Much of the spoil removed from the tunnels and power station caverns will be stored
temporarily on site and eventually used as aggregate for the concrete. Excess spoil materials
and overburden remoied from the construction site is used either for fill in the construction
staging areas or is placed in the spoil disposal area located upstrean from the dan in Jinlong
Gully on the left bank of the river. All of the spoil materials will be placed in the gully
below the minimum operating pool elevation of 1155 m and consequently will not be
subjected to erosion processes once the reservoir is filled.
Berms, drainage channels and settling basins will be constructed around all areas exposed to
runoff and erosion. Runoff from most of the cleared and excavation areas drain into the
river channel between the cofferdams from which clarified wairTr is pumped over the
downstream cofferdam.
Following completion of the construction, the construction contractor: are required co remove
all construction equipment and recontour and landscape the disturbed areas. Restoration
plans include regrading of the disturbed areas and planting of appropriate ground cover to
minimize erosion and to provide a more aesthetically pleasing appearance to the visible
project facilities.
UfT. EA CH                            5.62



5.5.2. Control of Dust and Noise Emissions from the Constructiia Site.
Dust from the project area arises from the excavation processes and from the movement of
heavy machinery over unpaved roads.; Use of explosives to remove overburden, excavate
foundation areas and tunnels and to obtain aggregate will generate some dust. Dust generates
in the tunnels and underground cavems (power station, switchgear and operations caverns)
will be controlled underground and little of the dust will be emitted to the atmosphere.
Noise generated from the operaion of heavy equipment and from the use of explosives is
generally directed upward by the configuration of the rver valley. Few residents, other than
the construction labor force, are present in the vicinity of the dam and consequently, noise
generated from the site will not be a major annoyance to large numbers of people.
5.5.3. Handling of Petroleum products and other hazardous materials.
Fuel oils and lubricants required for the operatior of heavy equipment will be stored in
designated areas for which measures to prevent introduction into the environment will be
stictly enforced.
Waste oils and lubricants are collected in the equipment maintenance areas and are trucked
off site to recycling centers in Panzhihua Cit .
Explosive materials are stored in appropnate shelters awav from the construction site in
Jinlong Gully adjacent to the spoil area. Explosives are brought to the site as needed during
various states of the excavation.
Small amounts of other hazardous materials will be brought onto the site. These materials
consist primarily of organic solvents used for cleaning and maintaining machinery. No
organochlonde compounds. such as PCB, will be used on the construction site. Altemative.
non-hazardous insulating fluids for electrical equipment will be used in electrical
transformers.
WuERA E    Ci                         5.63



5.5.4. Wastewater Treatnent Facilities
To prevent contamination of the water of the Yalong River, appropriate wastewater treatment
facilities are construcmd a: cri:ical locations throughout the construction site. Each of the
concrete mixing plants is equipped with a seuling basin to control runoff of waste concrete.
ThC largest source of waste concrete is the area used tb clean the concrete haulina trucks
between loads. Water .rom these rea.s is collected into a settling basin and clarified water
is skimmed from the surface before discharge to the river. Sewage treatment facilities are
also constructed to treat wastewater derived from the three labor camps and the conIttrTac'r
housine areas.
The major sources of uncontrolled nuroff and wastevater that will enter the Yalong River
are the areas inhabited bv immierants to the area that are either seeking emplovment with the
construction force or are seeking oiler benefitus from the presence of we;;-paid lkborers
assrciated with the construction of the dami and power station. Because the locations these
"on-lookers" chocse for setting up residence and the uncertaintv as to the numi.ers involved.
fit scre ic plans for controlling the inmmigrar.ts ha:e been implemenmed. TC the extent
no-ytli-. procedures to limi; access to the construction areas bv individu21s other than
:mtr<'c.s of the labor force have been implemented. Howcvcr. complete con:rrol of access
1 :-;  site and ;o the vicini:v of the projezE cannot be achieved-
Con:.r.  ,the "hoorm-!oun nature of construction areas has beeii a major problem that haS
;  .- .- r.source devlopments :hroughout the world. Satisfactorv solutions to
*.-.-., ::--nbemrs ar   w and .ar between.
^..Res-ervair Clealring.
Any organic material, mainiy Irees. in .he inundated area will decompose and are a potential
sourte of water qualitv probi:ems. 1I aud:tion. garbage, sewage, marnure. recent graves and
othe: sits would poilute the war.e  A-sa. semi-tloating trees can block the inlets to the
powerhouse. and standing trees. sl!1alow shoals and reefs can block naviggation and snag
43.wuhna nets.
OtRA 11 i-DS                            _ .64



The organic materials and inorganic structures that must be cleared from the inundation have
Table 5.6:   Inventory of Vegetation, Strucures and Sanitary Facilities to be Removed as Part of
Reservoir Clearance.                                                  _
It.n                          Area               Volume
_               _  Vn2)                {Wsx3J(M2
HoIuss                             838,327
Animal deds                        111,347
Macnu pits                                            49,900
Publie reoms                        9,025
Vegeable fields                    680,70D
Graveyards less than 15 yar old                        7,700
Hospitals                           2,80
Sanitary landfill                                      4.600
Sewage ditches and pits               300              7,400
Harvestable Foenst     -           3 X 106
Methne generating pits                                 8,863
Total W                         31,642,499            78,463
been exhaustively inventoried (Table 5.6). Regulations require that the clearing be compleLed
one year befare the diversion tunnels are cdosed, and that the area will be inspected for
acceptance by EHDC, the Provincial Resettlement Office, Panzhihua Municipality, and
CHIDL The clearance is a complex operation, and detailed plans will be developed prior
to town implementation is required. The work will be conducted by local inhabitants, before
resettement is completed, and they will be allowed to salvage any timber or fuelwood of
value. Remaining organic material will be burned.
5.5.6. Site Clean-Up Following Construction
Once the construction of the Ertan Project iS complete, each of the contractors is required
to remove all equipment from the site and clear the site of potentially hazardous materials.
Reclamation of sites exposed during construction will include regrading and revegemtion.
Exceutions to this will be at certain locations where permanent structures will be remodelled
340815WA.c           -                 5.65



for other uses or where other structures may be constructed. All sites will be inspected by
governmental agencies and the site clean-up approved before the contractors are allowed to
abandon the site.
5.5.7. Summary of Construction Related Effects.
In general, measures to minimize the impacts of the construction have been implemented
during the cons>u-tcion of the Ertan Darn and power Station. Poential discharge of sediment
and hazardous materials to the Yalong River has been minimized and no significant adverse
effects have been observed. Provisions are made to control discharge of suspended sediments
to the Yalong River from construction and spoil areas. Dust and noise from the project site
are minimal. Fuel oil, lubricants, and waste oils are effectively isolated from the river.
Adequate filidties for the treatment of waste water from the project site and from the labor
camps have been constued. Provisions for the reclamation of disturbed areas following
completion of construction are in place.
The only effects for which-environmental controls have not been implemented is with the
influx of non-labor immigrants to the project area. Although the numbers of persons in this
"on-look-er" group will likelv grow as construction continues, the overall risk of sinificant
adverse impacts, relative to the magnitude of the projects, is considered relatively small.
Durin- the latter smages of construcLion. it is recommended that some consideration be given
to easc the social impact of the 'boom-town' decline that will be realized in the vicinitv of
.h! projltct. Of particular concern will be the economic and social impacts that residents o4?
t!: srmall villaees like Ton zi.in Station will experience once construction is compieted.
5.6. Transmission Line Effects and Mitigation
The environmental assessmer.: o. tL' e Transmissicn line route and cansLruction methods iE
presentZd in a separate docurrent; SEPA. 1994). The selec.ed route for hz_ tranr:i;ssio:
lires ar.d ihe constructiion  et:i.. .       n.u :i - ni-ni;z.; to the e xtent pO:Sib'.  s
ElA EA CE                              5.66



impacts to natml and human resources along the route.  For those aspects of the
tansmission line that cause unavoidable impact to the natural or human environments,
adequate measures to minimize and compensate for the impacts have been incorporated into
the design and implementation plan.
E0IT ECHu                           5.67



Chapter 6
6. RESETTLEMENT AND SOCLU ISSUES
6.1. National Resettlement PoUcies
The national poiicie: for reseuement are summared ir. ChDaptrs 3 and  I. It sholds be
noted tnat neither Chinese nor Woarid Bank po.licies allow for shor-reru, develop-emnts whiich
increase the dependenc; of peopl- on St-at funds. The Fran prc.ject ifs Orfe   importance
and cannot nroceed without resettlement: thus eve:- effor. wull be n.ade to mike the
resettlement program buth sustinable :and successful.
As explained in Chapter -5 the mitiation for dealing vwikh the imnrac: oG. about 30.00, pecple
zosing    hor homneb and livejHih.ods  to reserft :ha numcr tha: canioL remai. -n t.c orginal
area. The process ard ;ypcs of' rcse;lem,;ent develorpinent are dealt with i-n &wl mti LIM
Resrileinenr Acion. Pln. c rFDC 3994)j Sonie addidional inform5arion 1K prov-&O  h-i.:.
6.2. Chare:=erisrics of Reseotlerneni Areas
I! 1-as plan.ed ii:iaii:o h.2a-e two major raeilement areas: one a: Hnngge. and the otlhe
n Y:z;-.ishatn. Hnnor;  has :roved to be feasible, with. anpropriate inpu:s. I.owever. the
Y:zhishan area is no: suitable for developmen- of adequate watwer and eecricty iur;plies, or
:or :anstrucuon ofw an access road. 'Would need a ..uc. 'lar-r input of ;a;ita1 thar, he
ceveoac-en: a: Honre. AduJrtoqaiN, ate Yl .zhishari atea !s Currenft! in;iibtad y- ulume:uus
famiiies wvho would have to bc reserdLed to other are's to enable n:ovemenc of ¶hc. Ennl
=roup. Because c'f t',e :osls assceiated with the developmenL or .he -eiz isn  Site. EHDC
decided tQo forego furthter considertior. of the Yizrhishan site. and focus or development of the
-loegge area. The oustees from the Enan a   desined for Yizhis.tan nill .oW Di :sbutzcd
throutnonL tlh Annins basin where the social cconomry is rel.atvely devebopd.
CtrnM EA C-   6. !



The site for the Hongge resettlement is located ir,   hillv area that has a history of
agriculurute. Local residents have tir.zed the area for severa: dry land crops such as peanuts,
corn. frui trees. ard granes (Figcre 6.1). The.site is locaied along the left bank of lower
Jinsha Rvc  downstream  from  Panzhihua City. The cL,.ivation of the Hongge areas has
alwavs been a means of providing supplementary rather than core income for residents in the
vr.;ni.v of the sire. in recognition oi the local residens' previous use of the land, some 200
ha of land next to the existing riv-rside village uill be developed by the project as a form
of compensation ir: --u.  for their loss of that area
Productivit-  of tne cultivated portions of the Hongg-e area has always been }lwU and in some
vears the crons have failed for lacks of water. StwCies nave sinown. however. thaE the soils
are poten ti av producuve if adecuate water is avaiile'lt. it h su;o.unded bv Jinsha River to
he west and Baa Rier -* te   north-. A rOd lir.kinF ?znzhua ani iuiji nasses through this
area. T.he desienated resetie.mcm area Is di'ic,%" intr u-.; Darts cricinnern part 2L. 5o'Jtflern
Dar.j)  thv Ye Yanvaus River. The tOts! arE 2q    Oh; ;-.Lt. !. C  a2
A-Ccr::IE  to U~e nianr,n   rut th  1iong. ro  &  *''*--3o            .     r: i.            -e
i-J -zi-.c .or a- -r,ith    Piz -        cuiti_u- : ._ ;. '.n - .j.- :       r. '*UO
i-iC;lteS.  llflti3h\. sorme S,C   res`ueus !-n    . et  .;a..  cs~-*;  .ac . ;.-e .: I::-.  :n
uc  ,-~ :.z'.. 5ar    Ir aD.mer 1:2 ss.r? s2ct-:na'-Lit opm  -.:nt a_t rlum:
c. e;-:,er~.:- - tr         C.  :tus  ar: has ..   r.set.      j      J :         :
,!:. :: -t-q  r    ->--.rsnn ::'*nt)jln-v'  '~~ - -"-:bE:.'  ;e      r:.;&-.-*-\;l!-
.  'c.:r.h-a:r- eareL  .,, -,- .(    _ 23  ;:."'      ...~ :- _.-r *.- '-; ,    -  -..  r.
.              -nr , , .f -ts !t .-., _ rV .s Ir:'- . _    '; '. -.   ,!'   "   - ,'  ..~  **..  '' '  . "'.''
u i_!.                          '  .'. .- F -_-; -'~ _- -_'i
,:_..;.- ...- ..                                             i; -
--nr.f.                                _    .      .     .    .                r.
*, * . . . _ . . _ . . . - . t . 1.4



u r c  6  I  'l     1 ng   tstl mm   ra
i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- I''T   
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L tfe
' ' ' '- . ' ' i l- 1X!g1  . .,   -   \ A  . ;41. t(U.iJ- l -l .b-l3~~~~~~~~~~~~~2-I 
t.=-  t      _,h>4J',5()7i rS    alN,1~~~~~~~~'



63. Socioeconomic profile in areas to be inundated
The socio-economic profiles of the areas to be inundated have been shown earlier in Table
5.x. The oustees are, in general, less nural and wealthier than the average resident of
Yanbian County or of the reservoir area.
6.3.1. Movement of People
The sources, desdnations, and numbers of people to be relocated under the resetclement plan
are shown in Figure 6.2. Based on a survey of the number of persons that reside within the
inundation zone, provision for approximately 21,000 persons will be made. As indicated in
the figure, the majority of these persons will be relocated in the vicinity of the Ertan
Reservoir with most of them having to move only a few hundred melers. Approximately
7,000 residents will be moved to the Hongge Resettlement area located southeast of the
present Yanbian Town. Additionally, approximately 11,000 of the residents will be relocated
to the new county seat located to the west of Tongzllin.
Recent negotiations with tbe residents of Yanbian County have resulted in the delineation of
another opuion for the resettlement and compensation plan (Cheng, Sichuan Resenlement
Department, 1994. pers. comm.). During these negotiations, a plan to construct a dike
system along the margin of the Ganyu River at the upper end of the backwater zone was
suggested. The Provincial Resettlement Offce discussed this potential with EHDC and it
was decided to implement this program. The dike will prevent flooding of land at the upper
cnd of the drawdown zones along the Ganyu River and one of its tributaries. Approximately
20 km of dikes along both sides of the river and tnbutaries will be constucted to a heigbt
of no more than 10 m. This construction will protct the land of approximately 3,000 people
srS FA CH6                           6A



w- -  Agricldturai resettlement areas for hose moving up             Xichail2
0     Agricultural resettlement areas for moving away                    i
3    jrUDan relttlement areas                         ;.
Countv boundaries
-~* i.._  Prov,ince boundazy                    ,YCHANG
____  -Movenments or' those moving away                                    !
1300                
moveU ut  --p  __
I   A.
.Wj vechangd\
j-    \                   ,}   --+      C DECIANG
500
_.  J     51       i.-    rj  move up                   /
!5000                           c ;.                      I,.
YANBIAN                                                 -
-#;$    ,%S.;s't'j;J  2000               ,
~~~~-s,~ ~~~~*  OO C'I\!.Mv
r,   Yt 'lanbian             Dams
P.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
;, ,,.n h             > td~~nh
4,000- ! 
'-   New \3YanNar, iT,l\
Parzhihua                  Hongge
Figure 6.2:  OUTUNE  OF RESEITL ME  PLAN  WITH  APPP.OXI.T-.F: NIUMBEP.s AND
DIRECT1ON OF MIOVEMENr OF OCSTEES



in Yongxing and Huimin in the upper Ganyu Valley who consequently will not need to be
relocated.
6.4. Consultation process
Durng development of the resettlement plan, the Provincial Resettlement Bureau in
cooperation with EHDC, undertook an extensive consultaiion process with both the local
govemments in the areas from which the residents would be removed and with the local
governments in the areas to which the oustees would be resettled. Additionally, individual
residents within the Ertan reservoir area and in the areas to which people could be relocated
were interviewed regarding their concerns and requirements. It was on the basis of the
results of this interview process that the decision was made to abandon the Yizhishan area
as a potential amea for accepting the Ertan reservoir residents. More extensive discussion of
the results of the consultation process, as currently planned, is presented in the Resettlement
Action Plan (EHDC, 1994).
6.4.1. Methods
Consultation with individual residents of the Ertan reservoir area was conducted household
by household, startina in 1984. During the consultation process, an inventorv of property
and other assets present in the area was made to determine the magnitude of losses that
would result from the impoundment created bv Erman Dam. In each household. the scale and
scope of the project was explained. together with its impiications. (It is nocewortnh that in
1984. some of the people residing in the project area had never seen a car or train.) Details
of the draft outline resettlement plan were presented to the residents and their questions were
in%lted. Later, as the resettlement plan developed, all the officials in counties affected by
the project were invited to a meeting in Panzhihua. The purpose of this meeting was to
provide more information that could be distributed to the people affected by the planning
process. Additionally, representatives of the affected residents were given the opportunity
to visit the possible resetdement sites so they could report backl to their communities what
the conditions were like.
MRrAM FA CIIS                         6.5



6.4.2. Summary of Oustee Comments
The people to be resetded showed a great understanding of the role the Ertan project will
play in. national development and attained a favorable understanding of and gave support to
the national resettlement policies and legal regulations. They were not thrilled with the
prospect of being uprooted but understood that there were legal assurances for proper-
compensation for production and standard of living. Follow up inteiews with the people
already resettled indicate that they are satisfied with their new homes and the much improved
facilities. At their option, some of the younger people elected to move to an urban center
rather than another rural area. Also, some residents requested that they be allowed to stav
in their original area, relocate their homes, in order to cultivate land they had developed
above the reservoir level.
6A43. Conclusions
The consultations were useful in the resettlement planning effort. The results -underlined the
imperative to provide sites and mechanisms that would allow the affected people to maintain
and improve their quality of life as well as comply with governmental policies. A major
feature of the resettlement planning arising out of the consultation efforts was that the final
plan be extremelv flexible- This allows for the incorporation of specific requests, such as
permission to stav in the area to work} existing land. or move to other locations. Because the
resettlement plan has incorporated their flexibility details of each component are constantlv
under revision. The current status of the resettlement plan associated with the Ertan Project
is presented in un.: Resettlement Action Plan (EHDC 1994).
6.5. Institutional arrangements
In terms of the governmental administrative structure, there will be no change for the
majoritv of those affected by the resettlement program. By redrawing the county boundaries
_ 0  C16
wn'! h4se                             6.6



to include the new site of Yanbian county town and the Hongge resettlement area, most of
the people rnoving from the Ganyu vallev will be govemed by the same instimtions and staff
that is governing them at present. The onl. major ch=ge is that the Provincial Resettlement
Bureau will assist local offic;als in directing and financing infrastructure and cultural
developments. This assistance will be funded from a 0.1 fen (0.001 yuan) allocation of
revenues from every kilowatt-hour of electricity produced by Erman. This allocation, an
estimatedRM.B 14,52106 V per year will be paid by EHDC to The Provincial Resettlement
Bureau for disbursemert according to the final resettlement plan.
The Hongge resettlement area is not first-class agricultural land. but it was the best of t;le
whole range of alternatives examined, and by purnping, cnannelino, and storing waler for
agricultural and domestic use. the area will provide a good livelihood for the people. The
project wil, pay part of the cost (power maintenanec) of the pumping. which will be
determined after tests in fixed spots, from the levy mentioned above, but it is intended that
once the people's fields and pmctices have become established, the pumping costs will be
paid by the people themsevhes. It is expected that this wi!l be achieved after 5-10 years; the
situation will be kept under review.
e^. EArd27t ~6.7



Chapter 7
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND
TRAINING PROGRAM
This section presents a comprehensive environmental monitoring program for tUie Ertan
Hydroelectric Project and outlines a taining program that will provide the expertise
necessarv for conducting the studies and investigations to monitor the effectiveness of the
environmenal protection measures.
7.1. Overview of The Monitoring Program
7.1.1. Objectives
The objectives of the environmental monitoring program are:
I.    To monitor the environmental conditions of the Yalonp River as impacted b;
the Ertan Hydroelectric Project.
>.    To determine the etffectiveness of environmental protectior. Measures
implemented to mitieate for the impacts of the Ertan HVdroelecEnc P.ojecM.
3.    To develop a base of information regarding the effects of large dams in
Sichuan to assist in the evaiuation of future hydrop)wer development on the
Yalong River, and elsewhere in Sichuan and other provinces of China.
94t1'2
-:9-N EA Cfl7



7.1.2.      Components of the  Environmental Monitoring
Programs and Manpower Requirements
The environmeutal program outlined below describes the particular resources that will be
monitored on a continuing basis through construction and operation of the project and the
ypes of data that will be collected to describe each resource. For each monitoring program.
an estimate of the number of staff required to conduct the program is presented together with
a discussion of the facility and equipment requirements for implementing the programs.
Seven resource areas have been identified that will be the subjects of the Ertan Environmental
Monitoring Program. The investigations included under each program are designed to
directly evaluate the effects of operation of the Ertan Hydroelectric Project on the various
resources.   Although EHDC  will retain administrative direction and management
responsibilities for all of the monitoring programs, certain of the nr^ oronng program..., as
described for each resource category, will be prformed by other govemmental agencies
under contract to EHDC.
7.1.2.1.    Hvdrology, Sedimentation and Climate
The purpose of :his program will be lO monitor a range of hydrological, climatic and
sedimentation parameters that either affect or are affected by the operation of the Ertan
Prknect.
7.1..1.1 .   'Hdrology
*. part ot th-e planning process. eight hvdroioeic monitoring smrtions-were established to
monitor an;* disznarge iri the Yalons River throughout the year. The baseline hvdrology
denved from Ehese sttions has enabled planning for project operation. Once the project
becomes operational, river hydrology will continue to be monitored to enable adjustment to
the operation of the project as required bv the uncertainties of the hydrologic regime.
Additionally, records of the inflow and outflow from the reservoir will be used in conjunction
with water quality data to evaluate how the project affects other resources within the
impoundment and downstream from thfc imnoundemnt.
A1t2        -
IrTAN F C7                          r7.2



The hydrology of the Yalong River will be monitored on a continuous basIs as has been done
in the planning phase of project development. The existing monitoring progam w;il be
augmented through the installation of automatic data logging equipment to record inflow and
outflow from the reservoir. Additional equipment will be installe5 to provide a continuous
record of reservoir water level necessary for optimizing operation of the project. Ali
hydrologic data, obtained either manually or from the automatic recording systems, will be
available for use in operating the generators and will be retrieved- and for inclusion. in a
master, computer database. Monthly suwnmaries of the hydrologic informaton will be
compiled into appropriate tables and graphs for use in evaluating the project operation and
project effects on water quality in the reservoir and rail waters. Annual summaries of
hydrologic data will be distrbuted to appropriate organizations. This program will require
the continued services of 89 staff members.
7.1.2.1.2.   Sedinent Monitoring
Bedload and sediment transport in the Yalong River is currently being monitored at eight
locations upstream and downstream from the dam site and in the Ganvu River. The main
concern addressed with the data obtained from these monitoring stations is tne accumulation
of sediment in the reservoir once the dam is completed and the Ertar Reservoir is
impounded. The monitoring of the sediment load upstream and downstreamrr from the dam
will continue through project operation. This program will be augmented with the addition
of 46 sections in the main portion of the Ertan Impoundment and 18 sections in the Ganvu
Arm at which the accumulation of sediments will be monitored. The sediment accumulation
monitoring stations will be established to determine if the predicted rate of accumulauon z.
realized after the project becomes operational. The information will be used in evaluaLed the
accumulation of sediments in upstream reservoirs and will indicate anv changes attributable
to the upstream projects when they are constructed.
7.1.2.1.3.   Climate
Automatic data logging equipment will be used where appropriate. Data will be downloaded
wee,dy into a computer to produce graphic summaries of data. Every month and everv year
SiEAC                                7.3



dan wil! be combined and  raphic summaries presented. For this purose, three
meteo.rological monitoring profiles with 18 observation sites and one comparative observatidn
site will be established throughout the reservoir a-ea. In addition, three precipitation stations
will be established to cordinate with landslide monitoring. Thi exiting 15 precipitation
stations and Xiaodeshi Climatic Station will serve for hydrological predication and
environmental monitoring of Ertan project.
7.1.Z.Z.     Seismic Activity Monitoring Program
A center to monitor earthquake activity ir the vicinitv of Err  Dam was established durirn
the mobil7iation for consztrction of the proceLm  The purpose of the monitoring program was
to deermine earthquake frequency and inltensit at the dam site to assist in the design of
project facilities. The Ertarn Project is located in a seismically active area at the eastern edge
of the Himalayan Uplift. Monitoring of seismic activity prior to final design wa-s essential
for adjusting design parameters to account for changes in seismi: activity associated witi
fl ing of the reservoir.  These design adjustmentsl must be made to allow for potential
damaae to project facilities attributable to increased ftreuency and intensity of e-arhquake
actnvtv. Basad on the oats relative to existing s;ismnc activity. changes in the f.rcu_n.Cy ana
intensity of earthquakes were predicted. Because of the uncerainty associated with these
predictions- continued monitoring of seismic activir" is necessarv. If. aflter fi-lit, of the
reservoir. seismic acnivitv rnereases beyond design criteria, appropriate operationai or
structural nmeasures may need to be implemented. Therefore. to assure continuity of the data
record. the existina seismic monitoring program. will be continued through the constniction.
fillinr and cDertional phase-s of the project. This procram will recuire a staff u.f 10 persons.
'.1.2.3.     Bankslope Deformation Monitoring Program
During the initial surveys to determine the feasibilitv of building the Ertan Project, several
areas were identified in vth"' the surficial roc'k and soil5 layers exhibited the potntial for
2, I,,                                    7._
pE"TA fA CM?



releasine once the reservoir is filled and becomes operational. A major area with landslide
potential is located immediately upstream from the dam site. I;, when the reservoir is filled.
this slide releases. the valley immediately upstream from the dam could become filled and
cause severe disruption of project operation. A landslide monitoring program is irh operation
to obtain baseline information regarding movement of the slide under pre-impoundtnen:
conditions. This monitoring program will intensify as the reservoir is filled. Or.ce the
reservoir is flUed, movement of the landsltde will be continued indefinitely to detect anv
excessive movement of tne slide during project operation. Continuation of this program will
reouire the continued services of 12 persons.
7.1.2.4.     Water Qualitv and Bilogical Mlonitering Program
The envuonmental monitorina progr    will be established to monitor a varietv of
environmental resources representing the natural world within the vicinity of the Ertan
Reservoir. This program will inciude water quality monitoring u. tne reservoir and the
tailwater of the powerhouse. The existing meteorological monitorirn  program will be
continued and various components of The aquatic and terrestrial ecosys!ems will be monitored
and the mitigation and compensation programIs Impiernented. This program will also serve
as a repository for the hvdrologic data includinc stream flow records and w;ater level data.
A staff of 61 technicians and administ-aors will be required to implement this proEram.
7.1.2.4.1.   Water qualitv
Water quality will be monitored at a minimum of eight locations in ;he reservoir area and
downstream from the reservoir. ParameEers to be mcnitored  ill inc:ude tnose :o:itarned :n
the national water qualitv regulations. Water samples will be collectee a; least three times
per year for chemical and physical analysis. Results of the analvses will be maintained
within the study program offices. Annual summanes of the data will be prepared. At this
time, EHDC plans to contract with the Environmental Protection Bureaus of the affected
counties to conduct the field data collection and sampling efforts necessary to accomplish this
monitoring program. Water sampies for will' be transported 1o appropriate water quality
MAN EA CHN ,.)



testing laboratories for analvsis. Resl-ts of the laboratory and field data collection efforts
will be reported to the EHDC Environmental Studies Program staff for accumulation into the
water quality data base maintained by EHDC.
7.1.2.4.2.   Aquatic ecology
The purpose of this program is to dbcument how the aquatic community (primarily fish and
invertebrate populations) responds to the filling of the reservoir. Samples of the fish and
invertebrate communities will be obtained from eight locations within the reservoir and
downstream from the project at least three times per year for the first five years of project
operation. Results of these sampling programs will then be used to determine the frequency
of sampling to be employed thereafter.
The aquatic ecosysterm sampling stations will be located as indicated in Figure 4.4. Standard
samples of fish populations will be caught in dip. gill and seine nets three times annually for
3 or 5 years. The frequencies and relative abundances of the fish species in eacw sample will
be determined and correlated with results obtained from the development of the commercial
fisherv. Lengths and weights of all fish collected in (he samples will be used Lo determined
dte relative health of the populations. In addition, selected fish will be retained to determine
reproductive state. stomach contents, and the occurrence of intemal or external parasites that
might affect the fisherv.
A! present. EHI-DC pians to contract CHID! arc: &-verai un;versities to conducu zhe data
coliection efforts associated  stn this proaram. Results oi the field efforts and an' necessar'
iabord:orx anaises, wi b  ;eported to ERIDC fo. incorporation inLo the Yalorg Rive:
er;ironrnc:,i~ dam base.
7.1.2.4.3.   Terrestrial fauna and vegetation
The nurDose of this prograM. is to monitor changes in the cerrresmrial communiwv in the
manatncent area around the reservoir reser.voir area durinc and af:er the project is completed
34112:4
UTaN LA 047                             7.6



is closed. A secondary role of the Ertan Environmental Monitoring program will be to
coordinate the management of the buffer zone around the project reservoir.
Initially, this program will conduct studies to determine the suitability of various areas
around the reservoir for conservation of vegetative types, targets for active enhancement of
forest cbnditions, and to identify potential locations of commercial fishing retrieval areas and
other land uses of the buffer zone. As describe in Section 5.3, the staff of this program will
coordinate with the respective forstry bureaus to reesablish native foresf on areas currently
considered wasteland. Three types of forests will be established, a Pinus kesiya var.
langbionensis forest, a Acacia richii forest, and a mnxed forest of these two species. The
replanted forests will be monitored to determine the survival of the seedlings. The forestry
bureaus will be consulted to identify sources of the seedlings and to determine which areas
each of the three types of forest stands should be planted, In conjunction with the forest
reestablishment and the conservation of the existing stands of native forests, members of this
group will also monitor wildlife populations within the natural forests, in the harvested areas
and in the replanted forests. This monitoring will be based on the pre-impoundment
inventories performed during 1995.
The managment and monitoring components associated with the terrestrial moniotirng
program will be contracted to the Forestrv Bureaus of the respective counties affected by the
Ertan Project. Results of the field data collection efforts will be reported to EHDC.
Management policies for the impounment buffer zone will be established, coordinated and
administered bv EHDC in consultation with the respective Forestry Bureaus. The Forestry
BSre:us. in turn. will implemen: the selected management techniques and will repon tme
pw- rc5 of the implementation to the EHDC Environmental Moniroriv Center.
7 1.2.5.    Protection and Rehabilitation of the Construction
Area
This progTam will be rnaiun:ncd for only a short duration during the construction period and
the clean up of the constzrution siLte. The program will have the responsibility for ensuring
that environmental precautions are implemented by the construction contractors and that the
bTAN EA                               7.7



required landscaping and revegetation program.s are implemented as part of the construction
demobilization process. This program  wiil require the services of 6 staff members.
7.1.2.6.    Public Hcalth
The monitoring of public health will focus puinarily on- the control of malaria,
schistosomiasis-and ocher epidemic diseases that may bcome established in the reservoir
area. Tie monitoring will be conducted by the Public Health Departments of the respective
counties affectea by the Erran Project under contMct to the ERDC Environmentai Mflonitoring
Center. Tne Public Hefalth Departments will have pnmary responsibility for treatment and
control of the vectors of both mnalaria and schistosomiasis and will be responsible for the
mollusc and -nosquito eraication programs prior to reservoir fiLling. In addition. the public
heaith departmenzs wvill conduct. periodic surveys of die project area once the reservoir is
filled to determine any further remedial measures that may be required to reduce the potential
for establishnent. of mosquito and mollusc populations within dte reservoir area.
7.,1.2.7    Temporarv Monitoring Programs
Two programs will be initiated prior to filling of the reservnir and continued ihrough
construction. Once the project is ope-raional. these programs will be discontinued.
The two programs inciude: . perform anc:e of an in.entory of the reservoir ar- ;'t evaluate
I.c tiod:versitv of the impwundment zone and dhe mana2c-ment bufner zone: and 2)
_er.ornance or an inventory of natural and human resources within the impoundment zone
nerccsar: for planning anc implerentin2 the reservoir clearing procgram.
Currently, the biodiversitv evaluation is scheuuled to be completed in Spring 1995 bv a team
of iternationally known specialists. The evaluation will be made on the basis of bird
divers;tv as desc.ried in Section 5.3.
The inventory cf human features will be conducted by a team: of specialists assembled from
the Sichuan Provincial Resettlement Bureau, the Panzhihua City Public Health Department,
tRTAXSR C-7b                           7.8



and cultural resource specialists from a university in Sichuan.  Lo ns of aIl human
structures and facilities will be identified for removal. Also, the locaiions of anv features
having cultural value will be noted along with the significance of the artifcts. As necessary,
culturally significant features will be excavated and removed to appropriate locations.
Although these programs will be short-lved, considerable intensive effort will be required
to complete the tasks. The survey-of reservoir environment will require a staff of 31
individuals while the coordination of the reservoir clearing operation will require a staff of
22.
7.13. Locations, Equipment and Facilities
The main building for offices, laboratories, and equipment necessary for contucting the
environmental monitoring programs will be located near the damsite. probably associatated
with the EHDC headquarters complex at Tongzilin. Additionally five live-in field stations
will be established to provide for various components of the monitoring program. Currently,
the locations of the live-in field stations include:
- reservoir field station at Tuanjie:
- reservoir field station at Gubiao: and
- reservoir field station at Yumen;
- inflow field station near the back-water point:
- dam area field station.
In addition, other stations will be established as necessarv to monitor resources as outlined
in the previous section.
7.1.4. Buildinigs
The main study center building will have offices, wet labs, dry labs, meeting room. computer
rooms, library. archive. living quarters. food hall, and cooking facilities. It will house most
of the equipmen;. The necessary housing for these facilities will be established at the EHDC
headquarters complex in Tongzilin or at another location as appropriate. Field equipment
g112                                     .9 
OMfAN LA C0.1?.



and necessary offices and processing facilities will be housed at the field stations where staff
will be able to stay when conducting field work- around the reservoir area.
7.1.5. Equipment
A reliminary list of equipment.necessary for conducting the monitoring programs described
above is presented in Table 7. 1. As part of the planning and mobilization of the programs,
a team of experts in each of the areas should be convened.to prepare detailed plans for each
of the monaoming programs. A part of this planning process will be to prepare a more
complete list of equipment, including field, laboratory and office equipment necessary to
adequately perform the moniwoing programs.
Table 7.1:    Preliminary List of Equipment for Monitoring Program.
4-wheel vehices            Anaitical balances
Benthic grabs              Binoculars
Boat with inboard motor    Boats with outboarci motor
Cameras                    Chemical reaeenv.;
Ciimate stations           Compasses
Computers                  Computer sottware  (word  processing. spreadshee.
statistics. GIS. database)
Dissecmng eciuipment       Drawing tables
Hand lenses                Herbarium presses
Hvdro-lab!'SIIHach         Mntorcvcles
Mets - dip                 Nets - gill
%:  - seine                Oven
'a%.trator. !:assware      Refri-erators
Mwrscope                   Winch gear
7.1.6. Administrative Framework for the Monitoring Program
Initiailv. the Ertan Environmental Monitoring Program  will be administered within the
Deparment of Managemer-; of the EHDC. The implementation of the program will begin
with a relatively small ;oup of specialists to assist in monitoring the environmental effects
TAD EA Ce.47                            7.10



during the construction period. Through the construction period the program will likely
increase in size and scope. It is expected that eventually, the program will be administered
within EHDC as a separate Department.
In order to effectively implement a comprehensive monitoring program, an initial and
ongoing component of the administration of the program will be the coordination of efforts
nDcessary to adequately monitor the environmental effects of the Ertan- Project with the.
management responsibilities of various governmental and management organizations within
the Yalong Valley. Some of the organizations that will participate in tne conduct of the
monitoring and ranagement programs include:
1) Panzhihua City Environmental Protection Bureau
2) Environment Protection Office of Sichuan Electric Power Bureau
3) Puwei Forest Management Bureau
4) Yanbian County Environmental Protecfion Bureau
5) Miyi County Environmental Protection Bureau
During the first phase there will be special emphasis on the impacts of the Ertan Dam. With
the increasing capability within the program, the area will increase from the immediate area
of the Ertan Reservoir to the remainder of the Yalong Valley. Information obtained from
the monitoring program will facilitate the necessary environmental assessments supporting
development of upstream hydroelectic projects. The administrative structure within EHDC
that will implement and oversee the monitongn programs is depicicei ir. Figure
7.2. Training Program and Special Activities
7.2.1. Components of the Training Program
If the Yalong Environmental Studv Center is to become of international standard and to set
new standards for the monitoring of, and support for, hydropower projects, it is essental for
a range of trining to start as soon as possible. Thre will be three general types of training:
EW   CH7                            7.11



local in-service training, out-of-area (within and outside China) in-service training, degree
training in country, degree training abroad (resteicted in most cases to 1-2 year Masters
programs). It has been recommended that the field scientists engaged to complete the listing
of the equipment also compile a list of courses and lecturers to bc brought into effect once
the study center is operational.
rn addition to the technicil training program, EHDC, in coordination -with CHIDI, will
conduct an intemational study tour of hydroelectic projects at which various types of
mitigation and monitoring programs have been established. The purpose of this tour, to be
conducted in 1995, is to see firsthand how many-of the issues raised during the construction
of £rtan and the completion of the environmental assessment have beeii addressed at various
projects throughout the world. It is expected that this tour will involve up to 10 individuals
and will require approximately four weeks to compiete.
7.2.2. Development of Technical Expertise
It is recommended that a 3-5 year technical assistance package be negotia   within this
project with part-loan, parr-grant funding to develop the equipment base, methodologies.
sampling regimes. short-course and other training, librarv, ezc. It would probably be
necessary to arrange for one or more field scientists to help determine the scope and details.
7.2.3. Enviromnental Evaluation Panel and Environmental Advisorv
Board
Two panels of experts are being created to evaluate and provide guidance for the Ertan
Environmental Monitoring Center.  The first group. providing direct montonng and
evaluation of the monitoring programs will be the Environmenmu Nlonitonne and Evalua-uon
Panel (See Figure 7.1).  This panel will be composed of prominent professional
environmental scientists and engineers with experience in addressing environmental cDncems
associated with hydroelectric projects.. The panel will be assembled from available scientists
and engineers from Sichuan and from other provinces in China who have some familiarity
with hvdroelectric projects. the environment of southwestern Sichuan, and other aspects of
environmental concerns as outldned in the regulatory framework. It is expected that this
1d112
E91M E Cu7                           7. 12'



jEaviiam.nerial hrote:don Offizc oi          S  ichuan Eroin.-r im_ F-ot-,sucn |
!~~~~~~a M^E7                                       imi Pmezan, ArI
-     k E mental IC  _    O= :Co |- a         uanziu E-va    .PnewawB- 
T         ~~SPEPe                                I
|   EIIY. Prtet ion comi!tnit  or EIIDC     _ 
I          ~~~Chakrod: Sm Zhongbi!
t         ~~V'ice C.hairm: Liu Xaomptt    
| Itrnoauri Erv. R; es:Wivnte P:nei             I     -1    Env. M.3hitcrinig and VaI::1iion Pan. 
iErtan  Environmental Studv CenterI
f                 Ht o: Cui -&JaLn
}         lM~Dputy Hd Chen Xiumci
I Hydrologcl   i   { Sic       j   i       hn ;e           j         ironomwi |          AIMM2 | EAiii  
|  fenuins     |  onitoringo          Deromn;tion      '         ilonimrnDg         |P .|               I 
GsM             jCtuer           !   inotwt                     Svn                      c                  -
Ro2c:            i rend.      |   |   I  -id !.:L                  ea-4 . mmsa         rla.-:n.
ISw.f t      X       .nr.                iz.f!                    St1 P: 6;      *     I J:O              ;I
i     @ 3   lS=M.:C            l r       _I                 i                                              -
*    - , ,Ft     $                                                 .     :I    
El       ~~                                            .   .
.2:x~~~.rsr  ' Sws-tv: *   :ha:anr.       '.tar.c:r.r-     | ? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:esr
Ba.wc.. casr ....awr.  vi 'e.a | : * 1
i    :;Ir  l..   -w-r:F                                                                  I'*
Z ~  ~~:   7Jl.;;,.:;.-: g  .
b enwl;  e :~il:;- :.  -:r|
0   -:.r  ....  -s  .;,;.v- :lit::* *_  7
c..~ ~ t.   ,, r,..r:1:.1 .'_:@_               --:
* ~ ~~~~~~ ' :-:::.   ..m- : j           _::!:
t ! ::.;.r ... =. . _ s;. - . - ; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Figure 7.1:    .Admniristrative fram:ework  o',r Ewn:  Environmental -Nlonitorin-, Pro!!=~
nv^4 f £CN7                                           7.



panel will consist of 8 persons who will meet at least seasonally to review the reports of the
monitoring programs and tD evaluate the success of the programs, suggest modifications, and
to determine whether additional mitigation measures need to be implemented.
The second panel will provide overall advice on the establishment and pmgress of the
environmeneal monitoring program. This group will be comprised of five Chinese and
Intemational experts in environmental science and resettlement issues. This group is
currently being formed and it is expected that the initial meeting will be convened in 1995.
This group will then meet annually during the next 3 to 5 years to advise the staff of the
monitoring center about implementation of the respective monitoring programs.
7.3. Costs
Costs for implementing the Environmental Mitigation (Protection) programs, described in
Chapter 5; public health components of the Resettlement Action Plan, described in Chapter
6 and the Resettlement Action Plan; and the environmental monitoring programs described
in Chapters 5 and 7 have been estimated for the period 1993 through the vear 2000.
Estimated costs for the environmental mitigation faclines and programs are presented in
Table 7.2. Estimated costs for the environmental monitoring programs are summarized in
Table 7.3. Costs for each of the progrms, distributed through the period 1993-2000, are
presented in Table 7.4. The estimated costs by year are developed using the value of the
RMB V in 1993. Escalation of these costs through time are summarized at the end of the
table.
ERMA. tA CN7                        7-14



Table 7.2:    Itemized Costs for Envionmental Mitigation Progrus
Itean                 Unit    Qunndtiy  Unit Cost       Cost            Note
(Yuan)       (Yuan)
Environmental Prtection Measures
I. Conservation Foret Management (Buffer) Zone
(1) Seed  -                     kg       8,932         9           80,400  Pitnskeflya, Acaiarichil
(2) Site Prepartion & Seeding   ha       1,488.7     600          193,200
(3) Seedling Mangemt            ha       1,488.7     120          714,600  for 4 years
(4) Forest Management           ha       1,488.7      26.1        155,200  for 4 years
(5) Pestcide                                                       89,300
Sub-total                                                      1,993.700
2. Fish Resources Recovery
(1) Fingerling                  fish  2.385,000        0.3        715.000
(2) Trnsportation               tIp         IS       350            5,000
(3) Labor                                                          26,000
(4) Aduainistration                                               74,000  10 % X [(1)+(2)+(3)]
Sub-total                                                       820.000
3. Yuzba Feiiy Reconstruction
(1) Capital Construction        km          0.3  300,000          9D,OO
(2) AdmninistirLtion                                               10,000  10 E of constructioncost
Sub-total                                                       100,000
4. Cultural Porperty Protection
5. Public Health Progams in Reservoir Area
(1) Hcalth Education                                              100.000
i2j Sanitation Management                                          60,000
(3) Survey of Public Health                                        50.000  covering 5 counties (citv)
i4, Quaranttne and Health Files   person    5,000     40          200.000
iS) Treatment of Source Areas   k3m-        70     !.200           S4.000
(61 Medical Treatment           kg      2.500        230          575.000
(7i Pesticides (Rodent)         ton        15      6.000          90.000
(8) Repeat Survey             man-day     250         8j           21.000
9i Adrinunistration                                               118.700 lOX X[ull-C1-...-1i
Sub-tunal                                                      1.298,700
6. Treatment of Schistosonuasts Areas (Subsides)
(1) Education                                                      40,000
(2) Molluscacide (Snails)       ke       1.300       270          286.000
(3) Labor                     man-day   3,300         25           75,000
(4) Blood Examniation         sample   11.400          6-75        77.000
(5) Chemicals for Analysis    sample   11,400          1.4         16.000
(6) Treatment of Small Streams    km        2    100,000          200,000
(7) Survey of endetnic snail areas man-day  500       85           43.000
E LA VA CH7 -                              7.15



Table 7.2: (Continued)
itcm                  Unit       Quumitiy   LUnit Cost   Cost             Note
(Yuan)       (Yuan)
(8) Medical treatmcru         Dwrson       250        200           50,000
(9) Rcpeat Surveys            ruann-da     250         as           21.000
(10) Adminisuration                .                                80,80    1%XEl)W+(ZP'Ir...(9s]
Sub-total                                                         6S9,00h
7. Downtr    Alar:mWnrmn  S.etm.
(1) Bmodcasi:ng Equipment        s:;          I     10,000          10,000
(2) Speakers                                34        lOG            3.400
(3) Concrete Poles              piece      330        500          165,000  33 km. 10 poles per k:m.
(4) Concrete                     ml        120        300           36,000
- (5) Tvnportauzon              tuck-yv       s0        350           28.000
(6) Conctruction & Instaliation
1) MAanpower                 nam-dav     500         25           12.500
2) Construction Equipomeni     dav          5        600            9,00
(7) Other Equipment                                                  7.000
(8) Electrical Trnsmission       km         33        606.1         20.000
(9) Administration                                                  29.100
Sub-total '210.00M
S. Pub! c Health in Constuai-on ne:
'I3 EJucat:ow                                                     100.000
...r Heai:h ;; ics                     11.250         a           90.OOC
13 IA o.tRkr and Resident Quarantire               ?6,00')
t4i Risk Pre%etion                                                  24.00C
i..  smano3In .MacafNvnenm
1i IMc:cal T retments         kle       ' .700      22 0          264.000
.::   N-Pt:c:ces (Rodent)      ton          2      6,000           12.000
miti   Fnoi Sanitation                                             90,00C
I  '.  aeW,t S.'urce Tain--    3amplc     Ino        530           53,000
ti"  Cn:nwencv tAxiJenzi,!Dir^sesl                1=000
I     .n,zr' anLd Olfiz:s                                           45.000
. c  s .,,.                    p!c:son     .500         4          4320.0
i.:ia:15.0
t..-. 3- and Rc :ora:mon of Con,:rutuol Araia
.; L.e_;r: oGrai.            L2          3.6    9.00(            .400
t.. Tree Plantation             pic:e    13.000        11.2         145.000
31 Arzt;izial Lancicape         spot                10.000          50.000
(4i Adnmtnmut;on                                                    72,600
Sub-t1tAl                                                         250.000
10. Total Cos.
CP7AM ,A Ch I                               1.16



Table 73: Itemized Costs for Environmental Moniwring Programs
Item                 Unit    Quantity  Unit Cost       Cost            Note
(Yuan)      (Yuan)
-;  Enviromnental Monitorng Sytenm
1. Water Lvel Monnoriig System
(1) Water Level Ruler          set         6    29,400           176,400
(2) Simple Accuss Road       number        6     10,000          60.000
(3) House                 -  - m2         70        569.8        39,900
(4) Administration                                               27,000  10 % X [(1)+(2)+(3)]
Sub-total                                                      303,300
2. Precipitation Monitoring System
(1) Rain Gauge                piece        3       1,000          3,000
(2) House                                  902  9   569.8        51,300
(3) Mminitration                                                  5,430  10 S X I(1)+(2)]
Sub-tol                                                         59,730
3. Climatic Monitoring Sysem
(1) CoLsuction                 site        19    19,200         555.000  site leveling, access road
and fence
(2) House                      m'       1,330       569.8       757,800
(3) Admistation                                                  131,000  10 5% X [(1)-'-(2)]
Sub-total                                                    1,443,800
4. Sediment Monitoring System
(1) Section Marks             piece       187       950          178.000
(2) Elevation point           piece      224        360          81.000
(3) Control Measurment         km'        36      16.000        576.000
(4) Elev-ation Measurment      km          9.2   16.00D          142,200                                    --
(5) Administration                                               97,720  10 % of all abovr
Sub-total                                                     1.074,92
5. Environmental Monitoring Building & Equipment
(1) Building                   mI       2.680       569.8      1.527.000
(2) Equipment                  set         2                   2.350.000
(3) Administration                                              3*7.700
Sub-total                                                    4.264.700
6. Preparation and Other Costs
(1) Municipal Infrstucture                                       100.000
(2) Preparation                                                1.510.000
(3) Others                                                      200.GO
Sub-total                                                     1.810.000
7. Total
ntrAN EA CH7                        .     7.17



Table 7.4; Environmental Costs and Thir Year-by-Year Alloction Schedule
Item                                  1993   1994   1995   1996   1997   1998   1999   2000   Total
1  Domestic Funding             (X 103 Yuan RMB. 1993)
E rnvirommental Protection Measures
(1'  Conservation Management Zone                      300    400    400    400    300    133  1,933
(2)  Reservoir Fish Resources Recovery                                100    400    200    120    920
(3)  Yuzhai Feny Reconirnction                                        100                          100
(4)  Cultural Property Protection                .     100    100    100                           300
(5)  Public Health (Resenioir Aea)                     400    500  378.7                         1298.7
(6)  Schistosomiasis Treatnt (Subsidies)               300    400  188.9                          888.9
(7)  Downtmam Alarm System                                     160    160                          320
(8)  Public Heau: 'fer0nuction Aea)             100    400    300    300    1S5    100       65   1415
(9)  Post-Consaructon Landscaping                                            100    100      50    250
Sub-Toul                                   100   1500   1860 1747.6   1050    700    368 7325.6
2. EnvironIeWl Monitoring Systems
(1)  Sedimen Monitoring System                  165           500    506                          1171
(2)  Water Levell/Precipitation Monitoring                     100    127                          227
(3)  Climt/Ecological Resources Monitoring      250    360                                         610
(4) -Houses & Buildings                         400   1210                   700    647           2957
(5)  Instruments & Equipment                    150    250    150    150    900    800    195   2585
(6)  Prepartion Work and Othm                   200    690    350    100      50   32.4          1412.4
Sub-Total                                    1165   2500   1100    883   1650 1479.4   185 8962.4
3. Environmental Monitoring During Construction
(1)  Wages                                       50    260    260    260    330    330    264   1754
C)   Operation and Managemet                           270    270    270    270    270  256.5 1636.5
(3)  Aquatic Resources Monitoring         80                    60     60   -                      200
14)  Water Quality Monitoring             35                   30      30                           95
(5)  Public Health Monitoring (Reservoir)         included in 1 (5) above
163  Wase Water. Noise and Air Quality           70    120    120    120    120    1210   46.9  716.9
; i TcTestial Wildlite a-id Vecetation                 100                                         100
18)  Land Use Moaitonne                                 60     60                                  120
Suh-Tt:!n                              115    120    910    800    740    720    720  597.4 4622.4
S:.a: -rainirn and Sxudv Tour
:   Meei;ns and Consultaton                            45                                          45
C.'lLqr Training                                           30     40     30                    100
Su.a' ntur to Domestic Hyuo Proj=u1                30      30                                  60
SuF- Tuu;                                             75      60     40     30                   205
5. Scentific Research
(1)  BodavJersity Assessment of      Area,             93.3   163                                 256.3
(2')  Enviroatnental Plannine for Yalonr Ct.mhznent          204.9                               204.9
Sub . a1                                             93.3_  367.9                               461.2
3 Erirourn:.tnal Evaluation Pan=l                 100    320    320    320   3-20o            320   2020
rWTAN EA CHN                                  '1



Table 7.4: (Continued)
33            Year                     1993   1994   1995   1996   1997   1998   1999   2000  Totl
7. Total Cost (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6)    11S   1485 5298.3 4507.9 3730.6  3770 3219.4 1470.4 23596.6
8. Escation of Doumtic Funds
(1) Cost in 1993 prices                 115   148S S298.3 4507.9 3730.6  3770 3219.4 1470.4 23596.6
(2) Contngecy (10 %)            .       *12   149  529.8  450.2  373.1   377  321.9   147  2360
(3)Escalation increment (1994 - 2000)        163.4 1159.8 1462.4 1592.8 1983.9 2034.4 1094.7 9491.4-
(4) Total Cost                         127 1797.4 6987.9 6420.5 5696.5 6130.9 SS75.7 2712.1  35S448
9. Technical Monitoring
(1) BanIlope Deformaon Monitoring     3249                                                     3249
(2) Seismic Monitoring               4550.3                                        -         4550.3
(3) Natural Disas  sand Plution Sources   198                                                   198
(4) Hydrologic Monitoring             14000                                                   14000
Sub-Total
10. Overal Total (Domestic)          22124.3 1797.4 6987.9 642D.5 5696.5 6130.9 5575.7 2712.1 57445.3
IL  auuatiao.a Funding(X 101 USS, SlUS=8.6 Yua llMB)   -
1. Staff Trainig
(1) Lures by Foreign Experts                          40                                         40
(2) Training in Foreign Universities  .              33.8   33.8   261                         67.6
(3) Shorterm ltemational Study Tour                   120                                       120
2 Intemational Participation(Biodiversity)              20     20                                  40
3 Envitonmntl Planning for Yalong Catchment                          67.2                        67.2
4 Instmaments. Equipment & Vehicle                      90     90   45.6                        225.6
5 Consultation with World Bank Experts                  60             60                         120
6 Cost Escalation
(1) Cost in 1993 Pries                              363.8   211  105.6                        6S0.4
(2) Contingencies                                    36.4  21.1   10.6                           68
(3) Escalation Incmnent (1994-2000)                   8.8    2.5    7.8                         19.1
- (4) Total Cost (Foreign. USS*                        409  234.6   124                         767.6
Toul Cost (Famrgen. RMB V)                     3517.4 2,017..6 1066.4                     6601.4
OverallToal (I + Mt  (RlfB s )         22124.3 1797.4 10505.3 8438.1 6762.9 6130.9 5575.7 2712.164046.7
3 112                                       7.19
:RTM E H.,                                  7.19



Chapter 8
8. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
EHDC wishes to make two recommendations to the World. Bank for the satisfactory
completion of the environmental assessment
1)   It is not possible with the data available to make confident predictions about
the impacts of the project on biological diversity. A comparative survey of
biological diverity using birds as the indicator group in broad-leaved and
other forest and vegetation types should be conducted in the project area,
particularly in the Ganyu Valley. This should be initiated soon, and a budget
of about US $40,000 should be allocated in addition to local funds.
Specalists should be contracted to execute this as a cooperative venture with
local scientists.
2)    EHDC has a major responsibility for the integrity of the Yalong watershed.
At present this extends only above the Ertan reservoir. but it is expected to
extend far upstream. An external consulttion should be agreed to produce
a formal and detailed short- and long-term plan for the Yalonv Environnmental
Study Centre (Chapter 7). as a prelude to a long-term technical assistance
package.
OA l 2
ERT; EA TA                           8.1



Annexes:
Annex 1:   References
Annex 2:    Species Usts
Annex 3:      The Implementation of Envirozmntal
Protection Measures



Annex 1: References
Bibbey, C. et al. 1993. PuWing biodiversiry on the map. Birdlife International, Cambridge.
Birstein, C. 1993. Sturgeons and paddlefishes: thretened fishes in need of conservation.
Conser- aion Biology 7: 770-778.
Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1992. The mammals of the Indo-Malayan region. Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute. 1994. Planning Report on Power
Development in Sichuan Main Power System from 1991-2020.
Ding Ruihua et al. 1994. The fishes of Sichuan. Sichuan Science and Technology Publ.,
Chengdu.
Doroshov. S.I. and Binowski. F.P. 1985. Epilogue: a perspective on sturgeon culture. In Nort.h
American swtrgeons: Biology and aquacLdulre potential (ed. F.P. Binowski and S.I.
Doroshov), pp. 147-15 1. Junk, Dordrecht.
lran Hydroelectric Development Corporation.  1994.  Genera! Report for World Bank
Appraisal of Ertan Pnase U. Chapter 6. Environmental Protection and Reseutlemcnt.
Hu Tieqing. 1991. 7he *ildlfer :rcasure houses - naturr reserves in Sichuan. China ForestrN.
Publishing House, Beijing.
Huang Hongjin, Le Peqi, and Yu Xuefang. 1982. ne feshwaterfisJzes of China in coloured
ilhusrrations. Aquatic Life Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai.



Meyer de Schauensee, R. 1984. T7he birds of China. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Ministry of Forestry/World Wildlife Fund for Nature. 1993. Biodiversiry planfor China. World
WildlifeFund, Hong Kong.
Smil, V. 1993. China 's enviromnmeal crisis: An enquiry ino rhe limits of national development.
Sharpe, New York.
Zhao, J., a al. 1990. The natural history of China. Coffins, London.
.;.



Annex 2.1
Fish Species of the Jinsha. Yalong and Auning Riveis. From Ding, R. er al. (1994).
A - species 6f the plains, B - species of middle reaches, C - species of upper reaches.
3insha   Yalong  Anning  Ecology/
Distrb'n
ACIPENSERiFORMES
ACUIESERUDAE
.4cipenser dabryaris         v       -                    A
Acipenser sinensis                   -        -           A
CPOLYUDO%TMDAE         '
Psephornus SIndias           I       -        -
ANGUILUIFRMES
ANGULWIDAB
Augidllajaponica             i       i        -
CYPRINIFORMES
CATOSTOMIDAE
Mrzrdnas asiauas             I       -       -           A
COBMDAE
(Nemwbeinae)
Oreiasdabrw                                  Vi          B
PaofUc speuai                N.      -       I            B
Paracobids variegaw                  i       s            B
SchLuaaaiuswolara                     V ,                 B
TrAophsa adi                 -                -           C
TripophVSa anaerodorsas              -       -
TrIpophysa bleekeri          V       J        /
Triploph'  brevianda         I               V            C
Trnplophs Iepwosoma          V       -        -
Triplophtvsa markehenemsis   -                -
TripfoPkTso orenialir        V       J
TnpIopIpnha pseudoscieropwera
7.plophysa senrrva                   -       -            C
Trrpnplpvsa ssnaliaae        v                            c
Thp/nphvsa xidaengenss       -
&fJia rreveae.l*
Botio 3sperriliars           *                v           A
LrpiFiWritia elo,wsz:                .                    B
Ielj'nhnja ratbrilabrj-                       -           A
1.11rnlauru nlast. rtlnt     %             
"w. rob lto  lfis. te[ L'                    -      |
Iftacrautij tonciii guandn                   - 
* .insmunJr.a
'-tri., ,al.s w Nden3        V       %
/,I'nitip anuPlo             '                            A
t L:unscnac i
U'enopharvwgodwot idellus    N       V        ;           A
Eleptchidvs hamhtmna         v        .                   A
ijuiohbrama iananoephalmu    '.               -
.Aftlopluav giodort piem     v.
*Jrhe'rohts edon qarns       %                v V
Squaliobarbas rirrical       v       lb       ;
Xcn,cvpnninae)
Disraedhodon nmarosiris r            -        i
Xe.wir'.prvs ar,enfea        .       -
Xen.tirpris dartidz



Xenocyprisfangi                     - .            1
XYeacypris micralepis      '
Xenocvyprs yunnee.s s               *is
(Hypopithaimichthvinae)
Ari,ukhvhv sobilir                  4       -           A
Hvpoplaillicluhvs tnoliirix    v    v       *           A
(Acheiloemnathinae
AcheilopnalJthzu barbandilux        -
.4cheilognahuls chainkaeris  V      - 
AchbuioznuaIws racilis      I       -V
Rhodeus liglui                                          A
Rhodes oceulatus                    1                   A
Rhodenis s/nwls                -   v        v           A-
(Cultrinae)
.4labfftiwi l               -               4
Ancheiyfhrocuberbkreimaswi          4       -
.4Acherwhrocuher wangi      -       '
Cilrer erhropLerms                  V f     i
EryUy NLmter dabrvi                         -
Ervrhracuater iisiaEJormis         V v'
Ewhrooculer moolincus      4       "I      VI
Ervroadwer orcephaioides    4       -       -
Er.hrocNIter oxvcephalus    v       -       -
Haniculter blekWi           4       -       -
Henicuker kiICiscuS                 I       v i         A
Hankicer ichangi            V.              -
Hemkic'AaIa sauagei        l       -       -
Me8alobran  pc/lkp/ni       v
Parabranis   fsis           v               i
Psendolabuca engravlis      v'
Pseudolautbcaswris                  V '
Sinibrna cAgi               4       -
Sinibroma wui              v4
(Gobaninac)
Abbofina obntsirosis        v
Abbonina riwdaris                                       A -  A
&iligSbio nwmmfer           '
Coreius guichEnoli          v       V,                 A
Corcius eterodon i'                 -       -
Gnasllpogia iinberbis          -F                       A
Hemibarbas labeo            v       *
HernibarbiLs naculatits     v.      * 
Mirrophvsogobio liaisgeasu    *     -       -
Pseudorasboruparna          v       *                   A
Risinogobin cdindrirus      v               -
R    _u!obio lvplU                  . t5
Riainogobio r'niralis       v               -           A
Sarcorhieiliclhthvs ni,qripnliv   it  -
Sarrorleiliclhldrvs sineiis.s  i    -
Saurogobio dabni            ;                           A
.Sauro gablo ditnerili      &       -
Sqwidus argeniams           v'
Sqiwalidiss wobersrorffi 
Gobmobocinac
Gobiaotioa abbreviao ;a             -       -
Gobiobotia boulengeri      ;                -
Gobiobort,fplifer          iN
Gobioboria nudicorpa                                   B i  -3
fBaxbinac)
Acrossocheilus monricola -    sB
4croswaluilus vuluraaensis          v       vI         B
Onvchourona angusissomato   v'      4       -          B
Onrhama znsina             iv       -       i           A



Percocypris pini           4       *                   B
Spinibarhs snis            4       J       J           A
Tor bi,Uds                 V               -           A
(Labco.iuac)
Discogobiov)nwmen is               V                   B
Grja pingi                 i V I
Seiloaben nogabilis            -    -      I
Sranilabea proc/ibts               v       -           B
Sinaabeo renda/li i                i
(Schizrtharacwa)
Diprirbw kc iakA                   V
Gwnnvcvri paianini         -
G wnnodipzystpachwwe       4 . - v         -
Sc/acopvgopsuuustus           4s           - u
Scliaothorax ciongi         /      V       -           C
Schidfohoraxduidi da
Sdbnodwrax &.hone.a                                    C
Schizoraxgrahm 
SG*OhJFfkOffJO              V               -          C
schio:rprer auni           V       -        -
Schiotduen wangchiachi             v                  c
(Cypdninae)
Carasins auraes            4       4A
C*prinas carpio            4               s           A
Ptocyppis rubs"4                    /         
HOiALOPFERDAE
(Gasivmyzoninac)
&aufoniasrech.ms            !      4 
Lepricr ivs,m.baa           V      V1      v           A
(Homatopw )
Heimbnou abbrewiara      -                 V           B
Hemina -on AnMns           V       v .                 e
Hrmimon yoianewris         'v      -
Meahoniaiopter anaienss                     v
Sinogusironrzon sichaffgensis   v           v
Sinogamocmron rechuansis  V 
SILURFORMES
SILURIDA.
Silurrs asor5s                                         A
Silanss ineridionalis       V       V                  A
B-AGRID.A
Pc1eoabagrusfnrividrncn     J       ,/                 A
Peltrobanru vadwili         v       v      -           A
PI-Ircbarnus murndus                       A- 
I etteasut lnNPirosirts i          -                   A
iLenrrasL , rassiWrts                                  A
PjeudabaCrnu zssurnensis   v I              -          A
Rireudobnms truncana       %        -       -          A
Psoudohorras emarin         v       v       -          A
Pseudobtgrusz pranti                                   A a  : 
I"cadvhaCrus brevicandal u  i       -       -          A
Afvsn rnarropzerias                 -       -          A
AMBLYCPITIDAE
Liobagrms margia                    J       V          B
Liobagns krLgi             a/           -              B
lbobtarns nigpncauda                -       -          B
SISORIDAE
*Gt;lvpaoJtraxfukiensis             v       4 B
uirrloJ?ghrn s kiskinonti  i        4                  B
Euchitoglavuis davi di              4       Y          B
P)arealdiloglanis sinensis  v       *                  B
i2are&.-Iilnglamis ungeanalis  C            -          B
CYPR-N.')ODNTIFORWES



ORIDAE
Orv:ias talip.s                                       A
SYMBRANCKFORMES
STh4BRAX\HMAE
Mopfers atblb              V       j       V          A
PERCIFORMES
SERRANIDAF.
Sii*perca chuaisi                  -
SiniprcaAoeri              i       v
Sinfperca schererl                 V       v          A
ELEOTRIDAE
pselernfisswahonis         V       v       -
GOBDIIAE
Cienogwbias girindi        s       V       V          A
Cienogobius ctiffordpopei  V       V       -          A
BEONTDAE
Maoopoditu opercuris       i               -          A
CHANNLDAE
Cham areas                 v       v      V           A
TOTALS                     151     100    56



Annex 2.2: Amphibian Species Found in Y'along River Basin
CAUDATA
Hvnobiidae
1. Barrachuperus pinchonii
2. B. venvuanensis
Salamandridae
3. Tylorotrton taliangensis
SAIENTIA
Discoglossidae
4. Bombina maxima
Pelobatidae
5. Brachvrarsophrs cariuensis
6. MegophPys .hapingensis
7. M. minor
8. Oreolalar puxiongensis
9. 0. rugasa
JO. Scutiger tuberclulatus
Bufonidae
Il.Bufo andreivsi
12.B. melanosticrus
13.B. fiberanus
Hvlide
14.HZca annecrans
Raanidae
15.Rana grahtim:
16.R. japonia chaochiaoensis
l'. R. chens,nensis
JI.R. phrnnoides
19.R. pleuraden
20.R. wveiningensis
21.Amolops loloensis
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.l. rnmam'zonun
Mkicrohvlidae
3.Kd:oula lrenucasa
24. Calluella yu,vwanensis
Rhacophoridae
2SJ.hwacophorus dugrirei
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Annex 2.3: Raptile Species Found in Yalong River Basin
TESTUDINATA
Testudinidae
1. Chinemrys reevesiu
Tuionichidae
2.
SQUAMATA
SAURIA
Agamidae
3. Japalura dymondi
4. J. fla'ceps
5. J. grahami
6. J. splendida
Gekkonidae
7. Gekko chinensis
Scincidae
8. Eumeces elegans
9. Leiolopisma potanini
iO.Lvgosomc indicum
OPHMIA
Colubridae
II.Dinodon nifo:onarum
12.EIaDhe carinara
;. lni ura
E-. E. porphkracea
15.E. frenarc
16.Lvcndon fasciarus
;..L. rubstragi
iS.AMacropisthodon rmAda3 mulriprefronralis
19.Amphiesma ohannis
20.A. ocrolineara
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21.Rhabdophis nuchals pentmsupralabralis
22.R. subminiata
23.R. tigrina lateral/s
24.Pseudoxenodon macrops sinensis
25.Sibynophis chinensis
26.Zaocys nigromarginus
Elapidae
27. OphiophTagus hannah
2&Naja n. kaouthia
Vipcridae
29.Agldstrodon blomhoffli brevicaudw
30. Trimeresurus jerdonil
31. T. stejnegeri yunnanensis
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Annex 2.4: Bird Species Found in Yalong, River Basin
PODICIPEDIFOLNEES
Podicipedidae
1. Pthiiceps rnficollispoggei
DELECANIFOLMES
Phalacrocoracidae
2. Phaiacrocornx carbo sinersis
CICONI1FORXMES
Ardeidae
3. A rdea cinerea rerrostrif
4. Ardeol baochus
J. Bubuicus ;bis coromoandus
6. Egrcaa alba
7. E. screzto
8. E. imermiadia
9. twolrbiSw s.rensis
10. .. cinnarmzomeus
.i. Boanrus stellaris
TPhreskiomnithidae
i. Plaradec Icacorodia
A NSFRFORiES
Anacidae
is Tudnr'w fer'-i.girne'u
IJ. Anas crec"ca
15. .Lpoecilorlkyncidci zr)lin'lVryficha
5. .A. p1ar rkvnchu
B,-, Bucep/hald -IiaSg
18. Merqus nergjanser
FALCON'IFORM1ES
Accipitidae
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19. Aviceda lerihores
20. M4Iru A;orscnun iinearus
21. Accipirer n.sus itisosimilis
27. BLL'eo hemllcius
23. B.buteo buinnaircus
24. Circus aeruginosus spilonorus
25. Pandion haliaias
Falcoaidae
26. Fralco muwrniiu itiersincnus
GALLIFORLMES
Te:raonidae
27. Te.rmstews seive.owvi
Ph2sianicae
'8. Tehraophasis obscurus
29. Francolinus pinrodeanus
30. Corunzxu xoturnxirjoponica
31. Bambu s.Lco'aA'dchii
32. B. thoruacla
33. It.'wggiris cruen=s geo.ffirci
34. Tragopan enimniindci
35. Lophopihrns rhuysii
36. crossaprilon crossoprlon
37. Pucrasia macrolopha
38. Phasionud colchicts elegans
39. C.hnrsi.horhus 3mnberstiae
G.ALAFORMIES
Gruidae
40. Gnrs grus Ilifordi
4J. G. uni,.,co.;is
Rallidae
42. Ani:ron,s phoenic-ras
43. RuYlus aquaticus korejewi
44. Poi;a7a flasca bakern
45. Gallinuld clcoropusimdici.
MRANJ EA



46. Fulica aira
CHARADIUIFORNME
Charadriidae
47. Vanellus vanellus    -
48. V. cinereus
49. PluvWalis squatavola
50. P. dominicafulva
51. Charadnas iaucula placidus
52. C dubius gerdoni
Scolopacidae
53. Tringa ochropus
54. T. glareola
55. T hypoleucos
56. Capella soliaria
57. C gallinago
58 .Cafidrs temminckii
59. -Scolopax rusticola
60. Ibidorhyncha struthersii
LAItFORMES
Laridae
6o. Sterna hirundo ribetana
COLUMIBIFORMES
Columbidae
62. Treron opicauda
63 T. sphenurc
64. Colurnba leuiconolo
65. C. nfpcstris
66. C. hodgsonii
67. Sirepropelia ornentalis
6. S. chinensis vacitlans
69. Oenwpopelia rranquebarica
PSITTACFORMES
Psittacidae
70. Psitnacada himalayanafinschii
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71. P. derbiana
CUCULIFORMES
Cuculidae
-    72. Cuculus micropterus
73. C. sparverioidae
74. C. canorus bakeri
75. C. poliocephalus
76. C. mendnus quenrlus
77. Chalcites maculas
78. Eudynanrs scolopacea chinr is
STRIGIFOPMES
Strigidae
79. Owus bakkamoena eryrhrocampe
80. 0. scops
81. Bubo bubo kiantschensis
82. Strix aluco
83. Glaucidiwn cuculoiaes whueleyt
CAPRIMULGJIFORlNIES
= Caprimulgidae
84. Carprimulgaus indicus
ADODIFORMES
Apodidae
85. Collocalia breviro.srs
86. Apus pacificus
87. A. affinis subfurca:us
CORACIIFORIMES
Alcedinidae
SS. Alcedo oribis bengalensis
SQ Halcyon smyrrmensis perpulchra
90. H. pileara
Meropidae
91. Merops phlppinus
92. M. orienra,isferrugeiceps
Coraciidae
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.93. Coracias benghcaensis affinis
Upupidae
94. Lfplpc epops satursta
PICIFORMES
PicidW.
95. ynx iorquilia czinensis
96. Picumnus nmnominauws
97. PiCLu CaNuS sordidior
98. Dnyocopusjavensisforresi
99. D. mairdus
i00. Dendrocopos major srresemwnni
1O1. D. kvperrhnLs
102. D. canicapilhar omn.ssus
103. Ficoides midacrylus
PASSERIFORMES
Alaudidae
104. .4aua2 gudgula
(7) A.g. weigoidi
('; A.e. veriai
lirundirnidae
-105. Riparia hipariajotiensis
106. M.inndo rusfica nugralis
107. H. daurico gephyra
108. Delchi.r, urbicc cashrne-nensis
Momaciilidae
J'09. Dcndronandius indicus
i.G5. Mloiucidcil Jima an ,!vurensis
1J1. Al. c.rreola
12'. A.L cinerea robuvrca
I)AM. A. alboides
!'2 . A. ocldaris
.3j :1 A. .eucopsis
N.4. .nrnus novaeseelandine richardi
J46; A
EkTAN iiE



142. Cssa crythrorhyncha
143. Pica pica sericea
144. Nucjfraga caryocamcres macella
145. Pyrrhoroa pyrrhocorax hinalayanus
146. Corvus monedula dauuricus
147. C macrorhynchus colonorm
Cinclidae
148. Cinclus cinclsm Przewalkif
149. C. pallasul
Troglodyudae
150. Trglodyres troglodytes ulfuvis
Prunellidae
151. Pnnella strophiata
152. P. monmnella
153. P. immaculara
154. P. colons
Muscicapidae.
(I).Turdinae
155. Brackypweryx montana curarlis
256. Luscinia calliops
257. L. bnmnea
158. L. cvane
159. Tarsiger cyanurus
160. Copsychus saularis Prostiopellus
161. Phioenicurus hodgsoni
162. P. ochruros
163. P. frontalis
164. P. auroreus leucoprers
165. Rlyvacornis fuilginosus
166. Hodgsonius phoenicuroides
167. Enicurus leschenaduri sinensis
168. E. scouled
169. E. schistaceus
170. Saocola sorquata prcwalkii
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115. A. crnpestris goellekisi
116. .A. /zod:soni yurunaensis
117. A. roscawus
116. A. sylranxw
Csmpephagidae
1.19. Coracina melaschisros auensis
12i0. Pericr-ocous roseus
12). P. etrologus
122. P. brevirosuis affinis
P%vcnonotidae
123. Spiziros canzfeons
124. Fvcnonows xanrdior*ous andersoni
125. P. aurigaster larouchel
126. Hypsipezes mac-dlellandii hIolri
127. H. madugascriens.s
traniidae
12&. Lanias nglimr3
129. L. Iucionensis
1?0. L. scihoc/l
131J. L. tephironows
z.x. L. sMhenocercui
Or.olidae
133. Orionis eklineram
Dicrjridae
134. Dicnrnts mocrocercus ccwhoeeus
135. D. eucophocits ot7-nodi
:36. D. /hinen,wws brevirosris
.Sturnidaz
i ,. awrnus: m.c?cbzics ."wn:or2ir^2'us
13S. S.TilCMXI
13.. 5. cineracels
140. Acridorheres trisris
Corvidae
141. GarrUIus glkrdoriuts sinensif
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171. S. capraua burmanica
172. S. ferwe naringioni
173. Ctaimarorni leulocephalus
174. Monricola rufiventris
176. M. solitaria
(1) M. S. Panaoo
(2) M. S. philippensis
177. AMyiophoneus caendeus eugem
178. Zoothera dawna auvea
179. Z. molfssima
180. Z. dixoui
181. Turaus hornulorun
182. T. pallidus obseurms
183. T. merula
184. T. rubrocwaus
185. T. kessleri
186. T. maumamni
(1) T. eunomus
(2) T. naumni
187. T. mupinensis
(I) .Timaliinae
188. Porratorhinus erv hrogenys decarlei
189. P. ruficollis similis
190. .Moupinza poecilotis
l19. Babax lanceolatus
192. Pnoepyga olbilenmer
193. P. plusilla
194. Garmlax canonrs
195. G. Sunnio cornis
196. G. elltori
197. G. aibogularis
198. G. davidi
199. G. cineraceus
2.00. G. lumidarns
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201. G. niaximus
202. G. offinis
203. LCrh-rix lirra
204. Prerudlitsflaviscapis
205. P. xandhochlorns
206. Mm/inla cyanuroprera wingrel
207. AM. strignia yunnanensis
208. M. ignotincruw erdoni
209. Alcippe viniperus bieri
210. A. ne:apilla sordidior
212. A. dubia genesderi
212. A. mnirrisonia yunnanearis
213. Hereropliasia melanoleuIa desgodinsi
214. Yahina diademara
215. Y occipiralis obscurior
216. Paradoxornis wiebbanus fickein
237. P. fuivifrons albifacies
(1IT).Sylviinae
218. Ceriaforniceos divicnn
219. C. acanrhizoides
- 22. Brady.ptenus lurcoveniris
221. Acrocepizaius onuidinaceu orienrabls
-1. srenIflrru3 bnrvmescen3
2'2.. /Ij racpan.aricozla ceda rufes.ccm
2?S. PihlOloscnou.s stiboFtirnis
....D    P  .u.I. J1
- -. !' ar,n.n:au
S p .1,i Oer
-'". P. prore g/lus
231. P. macurlipennis
232. P. magniros:ris
233. Pt rrochliloides
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234. P. rcgulnn.des
235. P. crntonr
236 .:e! cer.tza burtk dtinczws
237.      ajuriczdis dinnabulans
:3;. Prinici Jwdgson!i confsa
239 P. .wlgiava ettensicanda
240.   po lychrva crileria
24). 9. azroeutaris
(IV) .M!uscicapinae
242. FiceduL' parva cubcilia
,43. F. srrophiara
24'. F. hodgior
245. F. supercilicris aeslignza
246. F. mcolor dirersa
2 47. NViltava sindara denoratr
248. N. ndbecuioides glauciconvans
2-49. N'J. poliogenys
50. MfscicaDZ sllirca roihoaildi
251. t'LJ. -a;irosvrr�
252,. M. fcrniainr
253 .      r. rhalUssino
2:54 . Cditcicca cerinensis conlocrhrre
255-. TJvpal;;;-is azuret' .nn r'
256. Rhioiddra albicolfis
2.58. Parcs; M;inr .;inberanus
259. P. tnonricollus unnaWnernsis
260. P. VenluS?u1U¶
261. P. arer
o-. P. nrbiJiijenrris
263. P. pus:dis
264. P. mronWrius
265. P. dtlaidi
94616
sicr."' El'



266.. Sylviparus modestus
267. Aegithalos concinrJus ratifuensis
268. A. iouschis:os
Sittidae
269. Sicma magna ligea
270. S. ywusmanis
271. S. europaea mowndum
272.  ichodroma murania nepdlesis
Ceriidae
273. Cerlhic himakana ywmanensis
274. C. familiaris
Remizidae
275. Cephalpyrusfiamniceps olivaceus
Dicaeidae
276. Dicaeum ignipecws
277. D. melanozanthwm
Nectiniidae
278. Aethopyga gouldiae dabrgii
Zostepiae
279. Zosrerops japonica simplew
280. Z. palpebrosa siamensis
Ploceidae
281. Passer momanus sarwroius
282. P. rurilans inrensior
288. Lonchura siriaca swinhoe.
284, L. puncrulara vunnanensis
Fnngillidae
285. Eringlia montifringilla
:B6. Carduelis sinica
287. C. ambigua
288. Lencosticre brandti waireri
289. Carpadacus vinaceus
290. C. erythinus rosearus
291. C. puniceus
ENrAN EA



292. C rhodopeplus
293. C putchemimus
294. C. eos
295. C. rura
296. C trrfosciams
297 Propyrrha subhimachala
298. Pyrrhula erythaca
-    299. Eophona migratoria
300. Mycerobas melanozanrhos
101. M. affnis
302. Emaberiza elegans eleaenada
303. E. spobocephala sordida
304. E. cia ywumanensis
305. E. fucasa arcucaa
306. E. pusilla
307. Melophus ladhani
94E6T
ERTAN EA
45



Arinex 2.5: Mammal Species Found il Yalong River Basin
Nlamnmai species potentiatly occurring in os around the project ara, indicating those known to
occur (A) adjacenE to or above the planned reservoir, and (B1) beween the damsite and the
junction with the Jinsha River. with notes or, their ecology and distribution, and their
conservation satus. Based on Corbe: and Hill (1992) and recent surveys. CITES = Convention
or. Trade in Endangered Species. * = no tra&  allowed, II    trade under licence only. IUCN
-World Conservation Union. E = endangered, V = vulnerable. R = rare. K = insufficientlv
kmown but susp^ted of b.ing thre       d;ened  letters in parenthese indicted that the status applies to
part of the species only. CH = protection stats in China according to the list of protected
arimals issued by the Ministries of Foresty and Agriculture in 1989, 1 = Grade I (no
interference withou; permission #Tom national authorities), 11 = Grade II (no interference without
permission from provincial authorities).
A  B  Distriliunw              ConbevaEuon
P&N GO!.INS           PHOLIDATA
Ch.wese prci:l:n     .tnats pc:iad-cryvk              Witiespreatl in lowiand nd  CIT.S 11. rHi il
subrnontant are;as
NS ECTIVORES         1.;SEC7T'% ORA
r.RISJAIEIDAR
thlm--d  him.*Uc    !ldin rir .. D Dnensli.          Nlainl; mDritane areas.
300-2700 m: restncted
Lnn'-tcic  mole     St:..          uda               "I i.:s c.wan  2 1-&:flu m. very
ftstrictle
. *"'e-nu- m~         Tni'..! l,-wr.gris      s          i£0'GC.-;00 In. reLtnctud
Thinm-. tmrrw-mole        ci       .' :.e2i'00 -425O rr.. restnctcd
str:;          ,~~~~.4IIUUIL. OrCX s ",S3bPfpe5
b:;t.  b.     B!Be.rm:eil. quadrdric=uda:    20L0-3500 m. restncwed
Hrmn:la2y3r water shrew  CWirarretnele himal.r-t!   N  Mountain streans,
500-1500 M
s46 t6
E1tT.N LA



A   s I  stnubut;on              CofserMOlo
Thircy sbrew          ~ Crocidr ureanaula                 wflfaerelau
Shrew                  Cioddura fuligihosasa      4'   Lnwlands up to 1700, In.
widespread
Shrew                  Crocidurn gueMnklaaedii            1000o2900 m. restricted
Elegunt water shrew    Necgoke elegais            4       900-2700 m
Lesser striped-backed    Soranx bedjrdiae                 2 100 WOOm
shrews 
Shrew                  SoncJuus hypsibius -       j       Possibly lowland
Sbrew                  Soriculas ;amuln                  2'O-3000 m, rtssrictemd
Shrcw                  Surfcuigs porca                    Montane up to :700 ut.
resricted
TRF.F SHRE^S-          SCAIDENTIA
1TUPADA!
NorTern tee shrew      Tupain beiwalgeri          s   ,  Up to 2700 w. widespread
BATS                   CHIROPTEL4
RHINOLUPI!IDAS
qitrmediate horsehoe   Minoiophux affinis                 Mmairlv lowlands.
bat                                                       widepread
Greater lorseshoe bae    R!loobas ferrasq.U w             Mainlv lowlards, very
wideepread.
Blvih's horseshoe bat   Rhiuolopu.1fr lepida-             Lowiapnds. widtespre.nd
Pearson-^ hrsuf.to' bat Rhinuioph::s peer nnilu       * U up ts 330;  ni. widim:prcad
RouCxs 1err.cshb  bat   PhJin;vphas roadi                 Ma m'nl. ;rjwiand4.
widespread
Ti.s. rns' jiorscshor ba:  RaWinovhur h:omasv            Lwian; W. resLricl -d
H:PYCPSnER?DAE
-.:.iic-s I:hal-nosed bat   Cocicp-rf,r.;;ii .           LoU.iandb. wi:lcsweed.
hirmila-van ical-nosed   iHip,osadervrr mrmiger   v       L.wI;trdr. watlesulig
Pratts ' ct-flnied bait    KqJpouvk r,7rni                Lotlan&
.1Et;ADEL;m;r:aAE
t3rcA:rr :ac'.sza_.r.    .WL;&)CnUC hn                    LwvI3ndc, ivice1prca.J
VESPERTISI'-1DAR
Esctemn htarbatle      Anrfrw.ella irucon"eds             LohnlLs. widespread
Srcrofine bat          Srtpvit & serrnrisaus      V       Lowlands. widespread
Gacal eChcfinI bat    ir iv                      V       Lowlads. restricied
Hardwickes forest bat  Ke:'ihoida hoardvickki             Lowlands. Aridespread
9;615
URTAN EA



A  B  Distnbutaon                Caeiavtuon
Greser bentfwinged bat Mailopnerus  agnar q-   Lowlands, restricted
Greater tube-nosed bat  Murina kIcucganrte               Lowlands, very
wEdesprad
Chinese mouse-ared    Mvas ehinensi              r'       Lowlands. widespread
bat
Water bat              Myos daabau,euou          4f       Lowlands. very
widespread
Mouse bat              Myotis marlcola                    Lowlands, very
widespread
Noclc                  t&cahu noanla                      Lowlands, very
widesmd
Pipistrdle bat         Ppireihlus paenadu N               Lowlnds. widespmd
Least pipirelle        Pipinm us aenuis                   Lowlands, widespread
HaTlequin bat          Scaiomans oniaus                   Lowands. widesprad
PRIATES                PRIMATA
CflcoprnsmAz
Rhesus macaque         Macnc mulawa                       Lowlands                  CH II
Chine seump-tiled    Maca  rhiberhana                     1000-2500. widesprad      IUCN R. CH II
mcaque
CARNI'ORES             CARNIVORA
CANIDAE
Wolf                   Canis lu"pus                       Very widespread           CITES II. IUCN V
Red dog                Cuon alpinus                       Very widespread           CrIES I IUCN V,
CH i1
Racoon-dog             t3Ucrewutes proyornaides    4      Widespread
Red fox                Vulpes vulpcs                      1000-4000 mii. very
widespread
URSDAL
Giant panida           Ailaropoda nmelaalrura             Vcer restncted            CrIES 1. IUCX E.
CHI1
A%adilzw bi.,.! NJ?    Urnsu rh4l.d...                    L000e40r  1   . w-idepread   CITES 1. IUCN
V(E). CH 11
Red Nnud               AdiurusrfulecLs                   !200-4800 mn. wdespread   CITES 11. IL'CN K,
CH II
M4 USTELIDAE
CMusteihnae '
Beech numten           Martrrfaina                4  4   Widespread                 CHI I
94NE6
ER'.N EA



A  B  Distnbution               Conservation
Yellow-bellied wease    Marnes krhaih                   1000-2000 m, restnced
Siberian weasel       Manes ribeica             J  4   Above 2400 m,
widespread
(Melitle)
Hog-badger            Araonm cuilars          ,         Widespread
Eurasian bgdr         Males males                       Very widespread
Small-toothed feret   Meloe gkm  osa a                  Widespread
badger-
(Luia_)
Oriental smafllclawed   Aoarw cisc                      Widespread                CTES n, IUCN K,
oatr                                                                              CH U
Eurasia otter         Laura har                  if  if  Mainly monacne in region, CITES 1, CHlii
very widespad
VV3VtUDAE
Masked p-d civet      Pagum larra               i        Wiesread
Spotted linung        Prionodoa pardiolor               Widespread                CIES I
Large Indian civet    TVhrm ziberha                     Widespread                CH I1
Smll Indian civet      Thniacla indica          i       Vey widespread            CH 11
FE;DAE
Golden cat            Caropma rmnamincki                Widespread                CE  1 IIJCN 1,
CH U
Jungle cat            Fels chaus                 4r     Very widespread           CH It
Leopard cat           Prioiailnrus ben galensis  4  4  Verv widespread            CITES 1/11
UNGULATES             ARTIODACTYLA
SUIDAL
Wild boar             Sus CrofI                  4      Very widespread
MOSCHIDAE
Chinese orest musk    Moschws ber:conksii        4  4  Widespread                 CH 11
deer
CFVIDAE
S.abar Jc:             Cernas rwujcaior          4      Ver widespread            CH 11
Tufted dicr           ElephodaLs cephalodus      4  4   Widespread
BLurin  deer          Munariacus oniCjy                  VeYr widespread
EVVIDAE
Lakin                 Budorcoas r:acoior        4       15004500 m. restncted    CITES II. IUCN
Rhl. CH 1
Chnse gonl            Naemorhedus onmdms         J      Widespread                CH It
94616
ETAN EA



A  B   Dtsinbution                Conaevatioa
Southeru stroaw          aencijedz sn:natrcenis   v       Widespre                   CITES 1, UCN
(E), CH 11
Wild soeep             Pseudcois naynar                   2600-3500 m. restricued    C11i
RODENTS                RODENTIA
SCqJRXD,AE
David'X ruck sqssirrel    Seiurrnatu  dmWddianws          Lower montane.
widexpred
-  rNhassquirl             Calwcsurs ecrw.hrmeas       J      Up to 3600 m. widespread
Swinbeeos striped      Tmmopr swinhoei            J        1500-3500 m. widespread
squirrel
Perry's lnIuI-nosed    Drem onw perxyi            4  4   Up to 3900 m. widespd
sqtiinel'-
PTEiLOMYIDAE
Prti-coloured flying   Hvlopewr aiboniger         N!,       Montane. widesprad
squinrl
Grety-headed flying    Peraur,ra cuaziceps        J        Montane. restricted
Indo-ckines. flying    Peuazara phiapeasis       s  .   Lowland, very widesrread
squirrei
Complex-tootied flyine  1.otptc.ercr !raihipes            Lower montane. very
.qutrrel                                                   rcstriatcd
N%IUtIRtAE
Stirped fieki mouse    Aprdeisas ac. arhiz-:              Verv wvidespread
Catvrizcr  held mouse  .4odemus chc:rien          s       1800-300 mn. restricted
r:ieIJ milus     u    . lpordenus :iricc to        .,onc,nc. idesprid
Ficl, mouse            Avodenrnuc IprropiC                2 700-4000 mn. restncted
i. gei4 nouse          .41edenl.u nireqeI:                Up C; 340(3 m. restncted
dli '. b4::dl4.oo'-rc[  &uediwuaicr' ind.ira              Ver. jVidesprcad
0 Wt-tv'              BCfltIhISrs ho 'e'rSi               1000-2,00 mn. widespread
^, !           3crr1ni;~~~ws #;npsi us            Lowv:r montane, resinlctd
Z.lorq-uli, tiiat rat    LcaOpo!dans..s t-rf              Loiter mentane.
widespread
- tar. :il.uns       M.:rrznro rina'ta'rut                Lo- tland. -cr:. widespread
Howuse WOLx             Mw m  Lui:aJ               .       Lowlands. very
widespread
Sikkimm mouse          Xhu pari pe                    4   1500-7000 m. widespread
.-r.Jrbon's ram        .NWvc,er andersonWi                 10-3000 m. restricted
A1401 S
FRTAY Li



A  S  Distbutiom                co-nsatfon
Brbma's rat            Vivi ve"er brahma                2000 m. very restncted
Conficius' st         Nivivenrer conjkciaauw   .       Vay widepread
Rat                   NiWverer acedsior                2300-3000D  . very
restricted
Himalayas rt          RaJrs nirddus             4      Lowlnds, widespred
Norway rat            Ratfus uorvegiae          4  4f  Voe  widespread
Pnof mt               Reais raus                4  4   Lowlands, vey
widespred
Veimy's climbing      VeW=Wfidua                       210042700 m, vey
cawaslericted.
(biyospelacinae)
CoIMMOR ChieSE zklor MpValcfonwaieri                   Restricted
(PlatcaDtbomyinas)       -
Typhiomys  Tnhlomri ; w          cism                  Resicted
Vole                  Eotha catos               4  4   2700-39D02, very
Testricted
Vole                  Eouos  metflgauter   4            10-300 a videspread
Volt                  EmamvS prodilor           4      28-4200 m, very
*                                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~restricted
Vole                  Eodtewran  mileas                25004000 m, very
restricted
Vole                  Eothenms chinenis                1800-3000 m. vay
restrcted      -
vole                  Piutys 4kmensus                  2700-4000 m. restricted
(Rhizomyidac)
Hoary bamboo at       Rhizomy pnainasus         4  4   1000-4000 m. widesprd
Chinese bamboo rat    Rhkwns sinuis                    20D-3000 m. restricted
HY;STRICMDAE
Short-laecd porcupine   HNyurix brachvura       4  V  Vey widespread
HARES                 LAGOMORPHA
LEPORIDAE
Yuns hare             Lepus coms               4  4f  1500-2500 m. restricted
OCHOTONI4DAE
Chinese pika          Ockosona glover.          v      About 3000 m. very
restricted
Tibcun pika            Ochogona thiberana               2400+, very resricted
94616
ERTAN SA



ANNEX3
-         The Implementation or
En'vironnicntal Protection Measures
1. Introduction
Tnhc iniplemcntation of envirnnmcntal protection has been conducting for
threc ycars. Some jobs havc been completed, and the other are being
conducted sm.oothly. Thc works completed in recent three years and
implemcnictl in futires and their design are summarized below.
2. Works Compleled in Recent Three Years
During past threc years, since the start of construction of Ertan
hlydrociectric Project. E[IIDC has paid much attenlion to the environmenial
protection. and condticied ii pnsitively according to thc Staff Appraisal Rcport
of the World Bank (Juinc. 19YI) and the design of CHIDI as wclJ as national
legal framcworks. lIp to dalc. E-HDC has not only rull-time staff mcmbers on
cnvironmcnial management of the project with focus on cnvironmental
strategics' study. revicw of proposed programs, contract negotiations and thcir
management. but also an environmental protection team with morc than 2011
pcr.sns on hydrology. mcicorology, seismicity, ecClogy and so on. In
addition, an cconomic management tool, i.e. contract, is adopted to deal wviii
various cnvironmental programs, and social expertise of various research.
dcsign institutes. cnvirnnmental and sanitation organizations will he applied
for the environmental prTIcClion of Ertan project. The works donc at carlicr
siage are descrihed as follows.
2.1   lydrohogical and Mctcorological Monitoring Systcils
For normal construction and safety of the project during nolod scacnns, 4
gauging stations. 7 water lcvel observation stations, 16 precipitation statinns,
and 3 mcteorological stations are established to obscrve and predict
hydrological regimc variation by CHIDI and Sichuan Hydrological and Water
Resources Investigation Burcau and Panzhihua Meteorological Bureau jointly.
Thcsc systems started to operate in May 1991, 89 technical personncl
work in the ficld to obscrvc, manage and maintain the systems, and compile
the data obtained according to relevant codes and specifications of Ministries.
and serve for the project as necd.



The cost of capilal construction and equipment amounts to 4.0(1 million
Yuan . and 111c opcralion and management cost is about 1t).(K) million Yuan.
2.2 Scsimic Monitoring System
Radio-tclemctering mcthod is used for natural seismicily and cartlhquakc
possibly induced by Ihc rcscrvoir in future. A monitoring center at Fangjiagot
(Headquauer) and 8 substalions around reservoir are set up.
This joh is being done by Sichuan Seismic Bureau and Anti-earthquake
Research Institulc nf Scientific Research lnstitute of Water Rcsource and
Hydropower of China.
The wnrk started in August 1989 to prepare sites, purchase. install anti
lest equipmcnt and insirumcnts. On July 1, 1992, the system slarted to operatc.
Since operation starting, there has had a staff with 10 personnel working in
the field to maintain and manage the system, to observe and compile ilic data
obtained. and predict.
The expenditure is 4.55 million Yuans.
2.3 Jinlong Mt. Slope Deformation Monitoring System
According to ihe design or CHIDI, for the system. Ihree stages arc
identified.
First stagc was organizcd and implemented by CHIDI and the Chcngdtu
Branch of Academy or Sciences or China. Since September 1991, land survey.
establishmcnt of nctwork. monioring drilling holes and monitoring adits as
well as thCir clcarance and enforcement has been compicled. and monitoring
instruments havc bccn purchased, installed, tested and put into opcration.
Since the start of operation of the system, therc are 12 professional and
technical persnnncl working in the field to manage and maintain the svstcnm.
observe, predict and order the date.
The expendilurc or the first stage is 3.25 Million Yuan.
2.4 Sediment Monitoring System
The purpose of setting up sediment monitoring system is to monitor the
sedimentation variation of the Yalong River without/with Erlan project,
according to requirements of design. At early stage, 14 permanent sediment
2



cross-sections arc requircd along ithe Yalong River channel with a length or 31
km above the dam.
This job is donc by CHIDI. During March - June, 1994, 14 monitoring
section remarks and rclevant small blocks of concrete for observation werc
setup, and layout or sections and cross-section drawings with tables of data
and notes were prcsented.
I,
The expcnditure is 165,0()0 Yuan.
2.5 Water Quality Monitoring in Reservoir Area
Somc R sampling siles arc selected for water quality monitoring. During
1993, Waler samples werc taken in different seasons (dry, flond and nnrmal
seasons) at various sites, and delected with all waler qualily parameters
specified in the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water and
deposited materials by Panzhihua Environmental Protection Research Institute
according to relevant monitoring specifications and standards. Monitoring
results were presented.
This job cosIed 34.378 Yuan.
2.6   Aquatic Life Survcys/Monitoring  Before Closurc of the
Coffcrdani
Somc R sampling or monitoring sites are selected, same as those ror water
quality. Onc-year (1993. three seasons) surveys of plankton, water weeds.
henthos and fish were cnnducted by CHIDI, and a report, fishes samples and
photos were presented to FRl1DC.
The expcnditiurc is KOM,() Yuan.
2.7  Invcstigation of Environmental Conditions and Mountainous
Harms in Rcscrvoir Region
A complete investigation of the background conditions of the reservoir
(including pollution sources and their discharges, land use, use of pesticides
and fertilizer, vegetation, social-economic conditions, climate and distribution
of landslides and muddy flows. etc.) was conducted by Xichang Hydrological
and Water Resources Investigation Institute and Chengdu Branch or Academy
of Sciences of China with the beginning in June, 1993, and a reporl was
submitted in April, 1994. About 40 professional and technical personnel were
involved.
3



Thc cxpenditurc of tiis work is 198,000) Yuan.
2.8 Environnicntal Prroclclion of Construction Area
According 1o intcrnational practices and relevant articles of thc contracts
for the project, it is ihe contractors' responsibility to follow lhc rclevant laws
and regulaiions of line Governments of P.R. China to deal with environmental
protection or thc construction areas with the methods and tools agreed by ihe
project owncr. to mect the reasonable requirements of the owner, and to
receive monitoring and supervision of line governments of China and thc
owner.
At prcscnt. wastc matcrials arc collected and stored in special areas, wastc
waler from concrctc plant and equipment washing is transrerred into sediment
basin. and thcn discharged aficr deposition.
Drinking water for workers is mainly pumped from deep wells. and
detected periodically. It must meet relevant standards before drinking use.
Several first-aid stations are established. The hospital set up by the
Hydroelectric Construclion Bureau No. 8 of China has relatively complete
professional sections and medical equipment to treat general health problems.
Underground cinstruclion environment should meet the relevant
regulations of the labor pmtcction specifications of China. The concentrations
of suspended particles. CO and [rre SiO2 were detected at the working faces
of the right and left divcrsion tunnels by Panzhihua Sanitation and Anti-
cpidemic Station wilh contract with EHDC in November 1992, a hygienic
evaluation and snmc recoimmcndations for enforcing labotr protection wcrc
presentcd.
In April 1993. P'anzhihua Environmental Protection Agency reviewed thc
environmcntal protectinn wnrk of the construction area pursuant to Laws. and
requested thc contratiors to reporn their pollution dischargcs, and defincd
periods [or pollution Ircatmcnl for the contractors whom discharged wastes
excccding rclevant standards,
2.9 Training and Studv Tour
In order to enhanlc  thc environmental management of Ertan project,
EHIDC has paid attention to staff training.
4



f.
March - Apri-, 1993, 3 stafr members on environmenial management
were Sent to Sinn-Norwigion Training Center for three-week training.
April - July, 1993, one staff member was trained for 3 monihs at a
walerpower monitoring and management class held by the Ministry of Electric
Power.
April - May, 1994, four staff members conducted a sludy tour to
Xinganjiang and Gezhouha hydropower stations for 20 days.
May - June, 1994, Iwo staff members visited to Geheyan, Shuiknu and
Guangzhou Pumping Storage Power Station to learn their experiences.
2.10 Environmental Evaluation Panel
The Environmental Evaluation Pancl has slarted its works, according to
an 1.86 million Yuan contract signed with Sichuan Union University's
Department of Environmcnial Sciences in November 1994. The Panel has
been responsibic for supervising the whole package of environmental contracts
from 1994 through 20(1, by ten professional staff under the directinn of
Profcssor Zhang Shisen. Wang Pin and Ding Sanglan.
3. Works under Implementation
3.1 The General Design for Environmental Protection of Ertan
H-lydroproiject
The Gcncral Design for Environmcntal Protection of Erian Ilydtoprojecl
has becn compicied. whlichl is in printing and publishing.  The measures
included in the General Design will be implemented after the design examined
and approved bv the Hydraulic and Hydropower Planning Institute of the
Ministry of Electric Power.
The dcsign was responded by CHIDI. The representativcs are Mt. Shi
Shuzi, Mr. Liu Zhenhai and Mr. Yu Weiqi.
The expenditure is included in the design fee of the Ertan Hydropower
Station.
3.2 Environmental Monitoring Station
C.
5



Five monitoring stations will be established at Yumen, Shengli. Gubino.
Daluo aned the dRinsile. The monitoring Items involve in water qualily.
sediment, metcorology, biology, hydrology, water level and waler
temperaturc. etc.
This works will hc cxecuted by the Sichuan lnstilule nf Metcorology
Science. Mr. Zhang Yong is responsible for the task (lotally 61i safrr involved).
The cxpenditure (including house and buildings, instruments and
cquipmcnt. operalion and management) is 12.35 million Yuans, and 1.215
million Yuan has been spent for the early stage work.
The preparalion  rnr  Ihe negotiation  has been  compicied.   The
implementation is planinied to begin at the end of the May 1995. These staliolls
will get ready to operaic at the end or this year.
3.3  The hindiversity Evaluation
The liiodiversily Evaluation is scheduled to be completed in Spring 1995
by the Sichuan Normal Collcge. The representative is Mr. Yu Zbiwei. An
internationally well-known specialist will participate in this program. and Ihc
invitation leItcr has alrcady heen send out.
The cxpcnditure is US$40.010) (international funding) and 256.630 Yuan
(domestic funding).
3.4 Schist(osomiasis Control
The government or China attach importance to schistnsotninqis conTrol.
The prevention and treatment of schislosomiasis ate incorporated inti local
governments' objectives. In the schistosomiasis infected area. thc contrnl task
is carrying on smoothly by ihc local health agencies. In Yanhian County. Ihe
instruments and equipment bought by the World Bank loan (24.160 US dollars)
arc rcady to use. EIIDC is making arrangements with  lihe lcal heallth
agcncies to find a way to rcinforce the prevention and treatmcnt of this discasc.
3.5 Conservationi Management Zone (Buffer Zone)
The area or conservation managemrent zone is about 1489 ha. The executive
agency is Sichuan Scientific Institite for Forest. Mr. Yang Yubo is the person
responsible.
6



The expenditure is 1.933 million Yuans, Now the pian and design arc
finished. Afler flic plan and design are examined and approved, 1hey will be
executed.
4. Other Works
Otlier mitigntion nnd measures will be executed under the corporution and
managemeni of EI DC. afnr the General Design being examined and approved.
5. T'he Environmental Miligation and Measures Implement.tion
Schedule
7 .



lA. IMPLEMENTATION SCHE_ULE
~-                                            .             -_                                   I--
1un                           I 9.      MA~       399        3996      91     im 391      99      MM3    raw         COM*      1mfA
I1 CwM            q2d _wmwzw3                                                              4a           4w    30            I    imi   _d
I4 Cdwd Utaai hie.                                                           IGO       l        t I                                      _U 3           ___ _o_____
%I PbbieHvMMRh Aal                                   =A                                     _ 39t1             1_I _                          Ztm               ISIMAow
________________ _ -_4____ _                                                                      _   _ _  III_                                         =           =-   .  __
Dmia Am D SW                                        - -                 - .                    1a                                      _~l                __ _____
63 N6HM, (Cmnsaimu AM")                                       too31                                                                                     W
301 go-v*w  Ckahj                                   -                                                           --                -Km                
r_R_-    -                                                              -    -l -                                                                                                 --
ub.TW                                            ~~~~               ~~       ~~~~~I Is  1  374.  los                    ______0_        ______________Mid_____
_                                                                                       -             -        -:        -        -
2. iai&uunmU 1twlasui Siv uii,-n                                                    -        - S       -        -        -        -rc
13 Sr_iW Ma.11he Swm                                             16fX _~'l !O _                                             36                                                 _
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3                                                                          _                            z~.       ;-__________
r1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~16                               35 si0             -193 Sr69m ISI  Ia =11                        N                _
(8l%lvell- ww____.__ .                                                                                                                                              d
I_ _ __ __WSW_    _ __  _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __  _                              i6        I60                         3
I ____c__________RN 2X _3 .1                                                                    _    _   _       .b 
I         MA.                                          Id6       1         2        11         it _   _   _      UZ15  __                                    N_ l____
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3. |_ biimmtawd MaW..,. ,1w~.     mI -                         -a-                  -        -     -6X          -.    -w 1
II                                   ..p                                                 -          ju               -    __             _  _  _ __      _  _ _  _  _  _ __._      _  _
!,   Cipu dn   i E M E1 @IN M i                                              2?         _                                _        _         _ _ _ _ _      _ _  _ _  _ _  _ _  _ _  _ _  _ _  _
itTAv%                                                         -          -         a                  -  A   a
-   -                                                                   I~   X                 _ __ ___
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I4ltd"-                                      b_ -            -         -         -"  __  _                   -    -
slrlulklstllhrrzz,                   =  1fF1  =   = = = =I=   =                                                                             r
SI'i1  lm    ci..1a4                                        S  1"                                                                                               . 
r"Tvr^ss-                                                                         -  1 -            -  
-~ ~ ~ ~~T~i'%



U~~ rq
E.A. INIPLEiNIENTATION SCHEDULE
lieu                            RupomMi          SUp-mweg .*v_         rua Reuibk             Ftequy                 1ocada for %amp%                     dU D*nd                         i
1.  DEuude  1im*q110' Yuan  LStn .I"J\                  ._  _  _  _                                   _.__ _ __ _ _   .__ _ _   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _  _      _  _  _  _  _ _  _
1. Emetwat Preteon M_U                                                                                                                                                                                      _
I) Cawufwo vifAulent Zmni                           YI'mg Yupa _        ichtus tVniotnI mity      g tuinU  Sanu                                         .
1) Reuv  FiM Reoums Reco%ry                          Zhanp Viwn       Sikhuin LDn,o l.  mly    MIg X  i  glan              .
3) YuJh Feny Recuumcion                 (__          C  Xucts          Sichwn Union Ufndmmv    DIng Sia__
.41 CuLrwn Pwpln Pretecdon                           Ran (iuzaqatu     Nichum tln* II ranify    Ding Siawgan                            ianV 3a. \Ah                                             __n
5) PubS lfg ah IRemewir Ac_l                        lfu Shenbhaen     Sichuan LEmon lnhwy    rilq Sagjan    - -it                      RPM                           p        tan cucm
1I ScmiduMUiiU Treamtnt iSubiap                      Ihlu Shenaag      Sichum Union lEni%univ    L)inq Sann   con&duawy                YbiUYomfnixHuirin ec. c       Prnndrnid di _c_m
(71 Doow ineam  main yviwett                         You shiuao        Nichuan Union I:mhnicm   iXng S     ngDam  to_d_     _m_rhe Diom Wde                            _Nings
3) PuMic Helth (Conuntdoa Aral                                        Skuan Union Unnt,mMv nig Saa    Cet               .cn hclub to San ti_l_                                          _
93 Posi*CouWcAdn as11404_                                             Sichuan U nion    enrifr ,Ug S                                   Jinoug Gily to San, td.A       ioaund.eel aid locetdan
10) Reir Clwbg                                      Chieng Z2ge       Skhum Uin Unioeruy    Ding Saval                             _       Wlk R_mnir A:         1 _ SCkq_____ S_
ub T U                                                             _  _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _   _ __-- __-- _ _  _ __ _ _ _ ' _ _  _ _    _ __ _ _  _ _  __ _  _ _ _
L Ebm _wdM  s*srbing S)_                                               Skhuan Union Uwdaity    Div Sl_11_
1) Si_  MR     g  SYdm_                              U Yanu.          Sk.uai Uuon Udirt DM   X                                         Daen t ,111f1Reaa 111111           mm-W_          sm         T  gopq w ad .
2) Wa'  Al"WtruilaIom Muitmig                              u          Skthui Utuon UtEmity    DFW SUUt  3 dm Per da                     __nv_d      _ Cersen    _ _   ___I__                          hi      eIia
3)   CjWE=b&j Rolua metliagft                        Zht YOMg         Skhuai Union UiWiuh      Dk  S _            I 31 pr day                  .___                           __
,4) IHtN  l'B                                        You Shasm         Skhuan Union Vieaily    Dhig           _ ____   _
,S) luun n a EqAu                                    7harm Yng       _ Skhu n   lUai  Umiqty    Dipg Satn                               _
6S) P        Wm& ad cdn                                               Sihu  Union Unriqt   ODir< Sa
Sub-TouR'                  ~         -~                                                        __.______
3. Em tonne l  Motlwi g Dam   Cown ion                                 __  _  _  _  _  _  _    _   _  ___                ___   _  _  _   _  _  _ _  _  _  _  _  _  _   _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _
3lOpetdaa, Ma  -meM                                  Su Zhnu          I ichuan L mm Vnnenutv    Doug I an n    ___________e_______ _ __
Xousito uuevww  d
3) AqultcR eowumMoin ig                              ba fIuw a         Si-hu  I nan   I IAnniv    IutISWt   J     pere%w               otI *ou-um C. r.i. ai bacLbos V
!CiaoesNE, tiwptc.. mudinu c
4 Waetnuity1 %lacutoving                             s    N.- , ni     .kawin t mIili I rumIn11    Ihpg SasuJ     I                    1unapcfr 0 S erm u            I         -d
5 Pubkf ealih MomoitaggReael nsi                     llu btenlfuirq   %ghuan I niuf t nrmmn   INtgiq  lan                              Yanui.ShiieuokheStc.           __W__, at
FR'ANEAAN%EX I



E.A. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Itam                             11*1*u.uMhs       SW long    Fwinh lIne                Siaaacun              Ad_   sofE1uew A_wsQ                           R _aust
I.   Il am iG    Fi'tadni  q* t    Yua    R MII,199 31   __  _ _ _  _ _                                                 ._                _  __ _  _-___     _  _
1. E            P lecaen Me                             _
1) Cu'nicn Managanlnt Zmt            _                                                      1997   _    asczarduace _ilhM1ndW       Chtmd  Skhm
prcpialo flam 1991t"lImt
t2) R    tcn.mk Fish Reuma Rwm_                                 _              1997          2000       m  199 IWI
(31 Y a Fat.m RcuUufttO_                                                       1997          1997      i mcdudc ubh  pbokSi
43 CuluaI Pnr     PrtC4tdUf               1_995                                             M997      . smaadmceu*adw&
Si P    14"Heah  (R wA Ara)l                         _99                                    1997       aw uardc mW. aca, 
d6 Sddnl     asaTroamwt gSuhdul,                                         I   19"5   _         97      immdc wah nh_
73 DOa tMm A_m Swan                                     _                     1996          1997       wi       e  m CI3 itt         _____
1) Putbr H      (Cm     u A.a                           _                      1991    ._         .a             -               -
91 Pd4Cwxifnf LndtCAp                                   __r           _       199t          2000      vi  oSduw W_n meId            thcSkan                    .
I0I R.mv Clam                                        __               _    13993            1997   *d iseEdeit '________t;si                           _                  h e_ft 
Sub.ToEaI                                                ___ _ __ __                                    __ _ _ _ _      ___ __    _   _    ___ _ _____ _
I ISaewni Ahlfotn *wt SFaM              *I"bca an dnaahsIJ                    1994        ky trn,   IAam  ucdoecamktcd              ChWdskt                        1  amuSWM             iMaF gg
{21 lWste LvellweciiiudooMonstanns_                           _     _         996            time   vt i Acmaordu ic.w u(i du lhoedi3niSikmn
33 Clzumletcogial Recuwts %honilanng                   *uttI.4                I945        long inme   in * acotdlM ewi3l it4Itwde   CIlnlg5s.i__
f I oums & B   p                          _                                  194                     in act rdance v*h schg&du     C     tav&SkIuu
151L>tvneunts & tF.4nl                             _n _tW5                                            u *c0trdtrwec wh tchcdalc      CIi   dsk.A si a                       amoisd mg for oh ci nacixt
161 lrpuaftt     U Wor tand t;Xher                                                                    m accmdaence wih schedulk      clgl&t5khan
SL+-ltif                           _
. . FIAwantnutal Malmjlawu I3iq Caum maw_
rI ) W'As                                               _                                              in rmaImS  Wm vitdlc
(I! (Cadtno and Mumfmcni                                                       tw5         lontg time   cwCOe*%dm 1993 and 199J      PuIjimSe ummn                 mArted iI 9
31 Aquo itw         munimwdo'uy                         ______           -                   2t3KW    cwurJewd n 1993 &d 1994         9Sicbmtsilan                 d     tid in 19S4
rash I w   mdugi for kid. p.=a.m a.t,w  Viu
4 51 IWArdt IIt M tit  fRemCII.I1.3                                           IW 9           2tW      m actarduGce  vIhwhhgdIc       P tlui.Slcla.                                     .___
C3titANtAAtNNt;  t                                                                                       lb-10           



E.A. IMIPLENIENTATION SCHEDULE
lhem                           I'P9          39         299$        19%        1997      199MI      199        200M     leal       Ccerao                         EzecAg Ap
GI 'A Uge Ua. Noe and Air AL&btI_                                          7           2         12         12        1 20       12        4H.9    716.!  Ch.*Gua f t
1t1Wm     V.lOIe and   MUNN                               -          -                       --                                                             C,.  X4td ft   No_a Co_=
I Land i     e MOW= 6I                                                                        _          =                                            12    U 2guRnb   Sicnum Rtmkm Cm
SubT-TOWa                                                       M          130         lie        1          7t       7          72        597,4   4622.
4t Suff TtI aid SM   T-ur                                                                                                              . _
1 p M  _~Ip mud tauwubajon                                 -          -                45                                                             4 51HC
) t5  Tt*t                                                            -           -                                -         -a-                      I    liu Xapu 
3) Stud TOW to Dmesdc BHyo Phuu"                                                       3 .k  X6apa iuMN
75        6t          4        3.                             205                                        _
1It Bb*n, A      wag of Raen -v                                                     9.Au-1- 16         _                                           256.-3   th XWi/        S i NutmalC bep
It Em tArlrosW Pl_ft for Vd Cr hmel               _          _               _                 04.9                                                24.'    Ut X topl      CHID
_____________-            __-   __-__----___-   -                      -_            9..3      367.9      -         -461.2
r, F.rnv rmuental E1bsittlOn  CK_                                         I           31         31(31      30        32C1       321        321      202n      UuXgu        SIhUmLn imLVwd  nih
7. 1O1COl 1-aa   -3al -5 6I                                    II!      I4          539113    J5(7,      37C1( O     377      3129.4      1470 4   2.596A.
v. LwA&"vrt)ommu.w_                                                                                             I   
I &aadnrL2aar uLid                                                _____ .___                                                                                     ____.
I I I 6    in 19793 prim F93 I                                           4IJ       5193       4507 9     373Ul      377      32194       1470.4  2J1596.A
(2I carih clmr. (1:                                                       114        5M3        453        37,       377        322         147     LV9
'1I FA"hltuiaq anu(I94.J20                                              163 4      1 369I 59.  I4614      M  592.1 I913.      2034.1     1094.7   94914 
_1 _ow                                            1  I 12U  3796       6937.93    642U .     56944    6tI0.S   5575.7.    2712.14 ]3447.66
35wL dople(iumaban Manha                                                      __.                                                                   324J    UXi oron    CIIOm
fRTANlAA CA AN'%  aI                                                                                     16- I



E.A. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDtLE
kcqpin%bi.        SuuIisn1rV A#Mc%       isn   eamieSr              I a                       bICaiin (or S_iPg                      M o                       Dat Coeed
'A wtv O4ehs. None and AirVuxhfl                                           S__ichuan Visio  Luw           DirSangn        iwnw, aIwei                 Dam to poalm4e                   mait _*                         tnetd
'7I1 enstuia l W lddW  and  Xectauon                       I_' u Zhms c        Sichuan  ,Um,n Lhwutv       tha suhn       2 I mm i  yt31               Gansu to Vmian                   mlgatha, alielbsa    _           1pad m.i _a    biraFr
dw_ levat'im  IZI30(i rotmd
to Land Uft Mouut"Onvi                                     lbn 7.oi'     _    Snhuan Lton tMtmwsl              _          I awe  h.lwm  inPoundins    reak                              dite keitwption                 tuof  d me
4. Staffet _!MAd  y:
~u't.   lal)                                                                  ________________            .__    __  _                       __              _ _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _       __                              _  _  _  _  _  _
I) Meer "id Ciauuwison                                    Cau 7?wun           Siehum Uadaa LAan* -    Dbi Sat                                                                                   .
12) Ciiege Irkinin                                         Cui Zljum           Schuan thin Iwa _    Dine SWatn                            _            _
(!I Study 7 ot ea  DowetticH lydro Prrnbsag                Cii ?itun           Sichuan Unon (Jaa,ift
ala,~~~                    ______             __________ _______ ___________ -                                       _______________
SS  elU dul le  _l w                                         ___   _  _  _                   __                                                             __  _  __=_    _  ____        __  _ _  _  __  _  _  _ _ __      _ _  __  _  _
f SC(gntUlt ROW4Cb                            
11"W IiiPdsi    Agum nial ocf 1 o   Alg* a                  u Amr:            St:huan t'Uun t'ibetnat     Da. SatatJsn   A omes per year              Ganau to tmnbhin                 point chesL alW she mE         Isnd mirul
k Lnwtomnentat Ilannnt icr Y'altnV  athKinmn               ivm 1 lvi.         !ihu3n lU  L iin:  ns                       .       .3a lir  idtt_
Listaio cil l)Aniiu. I und_
Ii VoIt in It99..                                                    _.                 _    ______
*   aI;m iI t ol  Iiraul    t1 194.2lnc l(              l_                                                              ______________________
i_  lo ( .'                                        _ _ _ _ _ _ _    _ _   _ _  _  _ _  _ _  _                    _ _  _  _ _  _ _  _ _  _ _
-  1edina'-itttami                                                                                      __________--_      ___ _  _ _  _ _ _  _ _
I 1faM tkp  XIomaaiNlonsimni                               IC VNwImn           uAn I tinton.mc           OMp   AUst  Ifivit"        Jrpn Mountain n*tM.Idp_
1  otnIS, f tc                                                         



E.A. IMPLEMEN'TATION SCHEDULE
((liiI(h.Uhi                                        SWrlIngu    Paisa Twie                bN'Aala                Adduu of kJuKls' AwImc'       _______________
M6 Vsufg WUaw. tie4 cnd .4irQahn                        ,gEgi pa Sun,Jid         IWJ1          201(.     *     ed   mii mk              Ptdu&Sicbumhn  
17 lTeial SwI and * eIuum                              qga(suu and dhu         199c           200W'     in  wdlu wmih sclbdeUt         N.cha.Skhun                    ,
II LWad tu ubtonloin                                    .hgu and tla 9b                        204(11    compeled in the beta  une      ClwduSSkhuan
J_ kIatinp   nasd fdubA lu _UI                            __W_ -_ -                                                                     -                      _
I Mgbi and coauI                                         __     ___               991          2000      a acedance  liii ticlindl       a~uScuai              r        __ __ __ _ __ __ __ _
I CoAW  Traing                                           __         ___         1994           99Pd a acdaica m,                         PdSI m                         ____
1iSe4 l ew to Domcwik H.lyo lPciectb                                     9ss           1994      a m rdmu ash .dWe _              nd   Sem
9uW'-                                                               -             -                                               _
5. Sckiui KReiwah                                                                                          _________I__
1   n       hti I  tnssmmem of ize,.nf Ateb              kstzaia and than-       199'           tItKs                                    % aid    C  chedule  ;uchorSdduuan
2i Ltnwiamnmotal Ititmilug tor Yatang C ehmen?                                  I na          2011.    tn mcodience miii hedulte       ChenhduSicvn
%c'.Is-i                                             ____      __._______
- I;nutuK nmman  I.ulu.uii,,n I'ah:I                                          1,, *IK~ *natt           ctiitue eunc.!                s hengu ,S,chuamhi
LUI_M  U. _)MjI.IUJ1
lol       .                        .    _ 4                                                                                                            _ ci
9,    Licalauun  ul Ikuw ectn   I und-                    ___ _ _ _ ___  ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ _ __ _.__ __ ___ _
21bt (I.uWl1Ctur  (llf'edn t_____                                                                         _______J_______________
t|    lACIlMfIf"CiifIU9I    -a                                              ___ _ _ __                   __  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11s ltil ibuPc I  kienuiulsion M.UII4iIVII              .hhn   n.j dtJe-1                               m     0I nrrflSu.  in           'r hnrduwSichstan
lV '



/:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
E.,A. IMPLEMENTATION SCHIEDtILE
Item                              199'       I9xII        )9q(        I          1997      19It       199        20(-1i    lolaw      Cuoaruttor                      EzMz    Apy
(2) sfl           ¶                                          -           -           -           -                                                    4550.3   Rat L:adi_    S5IUM LmiqAhe i.O.
135 NAwa D     _mw   Nd Polh Solw                          .             -           -                                                                   191   Chetl XhAuei   XkhairhaIBH Drawh  tc.
4) HvuIoire  or,td q40M(.                                                                                                                             140--      Tao Tao      SIckitaan Welodr    . Boau
Su-lToua                                                     21997.3                                                                                 219t.3
__- -                                     -.                                - ~ -
10. oCiwnlowifDOMeiUl                                       221231       1796._   6987.93    64U1.9        1696.46   6130.9    5575.74    2712.14 57444.
In. ietnfS0^Fu&tslOI0^USLSIUS-8,6Vttum EPAI3                                                                         ==  
11 all    byFolit  ENpi-                                                                 40                                                              41    Lk Xaw         EIIDC
2) T t_hFein fosgn U1uiOs                                                              33.1       33.5        261                                      315.     U. xLaoa       EZlC
(3) Shot-erm  tI t     S4 lIou r                                         -               17  _                                   -                       121    UMXlau    u
-    -                           -_  -                 -    _.  -  -
In tmnio  Pocipaitien BeDdamI I                             -                           2n          2      -         -                                   40   Chen XsmnW    Sieuam Nonsa Co
.1.  minrao ernam l Imnp for I'alon; Catcht-en                           --72                                                                           67.'    Lfu .I         CW.DI
I I     _nni&. hqu_pmel                                                                  9 I         9.1      4._                                      225.6    Llu XLaopu    MEx
'. cotwAludon vilb World   I:UqJ il k !_t l6                                                                                                             i   _ 121_
5,    c:wt   sUU_ _ _ _                                                                                                              _   __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _I__ __ _ _ _ _ _ _
Costi   )  husk                                                                            i         11 1F11.6                                             4
(t1 t. n   11991w                                           --           -             lolt        211         in6     -8A _                          _ 6_11
M 1:09ltNh1  IncnTiw  (IS4.3(i                                                              ---  21            7.     =                                  19.1 
'll olal      f Cl IFocn  _:.                                                           Jrn       2m. (        124                                      767.6 
51lowtU   tl(fm t. RMfiI I *W  A  57                                                          2017.54     11t6A A6e3
w(SI iota    - II  I (PUt I I                                            1196          3 1 7940 11t1    10.1114101f  6764   151.1,' _  5$75.7i1   2712.1____              _ _6._1,
RI A% Lm A  StX 4*



E.A. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
________________________________  liapnmWlt         %tM-   .   It         P-newwl t    PC"  Rm  RuMr Fmup                    1.dofo __pl                          MDNA o t
21 Sdnlek Mmoir                                         %am XIttt       Sihuan tinMu Unu1t'          Du  Sa&n   km palod                       I bunces _und duit eke   t t 0tou                              ________
11W NWawatt  Dnaim    a  Poluo a Sourcx$                Su  u              Sh hua utto q   m Um ti    on tn! u Sa*a  I me                        m.ervodr ad turoundiia          scow ia u                    atict  pan sme tNd rod
I411 Hyvrolo1c      l                                   tun r, ,O          Sgchuat Luoan U it!    _b__                    to Nowmbe pe sw       ShaiuabaXisoclahl                obultuewigson               uisi  am d wat w Sr
Sub1___                                                        ._________                 ________                                  ______________
,   1. 03zqTctull(Denwttc I   --
U. Puirnatioaml Funiu g(-(iUSS.5IUS.I  6  luai RMJflI   _  _  _ _  _  _   _ _  _  _  _ _  _  _ _    _ _  _  _ _  _    _  _ _  _  _ _  _  _ __     _  _  _ _  _  _  _ _  _  _ _
t.    s u n    r.u &                                                                                                  ._  _ _  _  _  _ _  _  _    __  _  _  _ _  _  _  _ _  _            ._                        _  _  _ _  _  _
tag Ln" bW Poalm       h E                             Cui 7Zlun          Sd     Uni UnMi4it                         _    __s__ S
21 Thinh F2relp Uhlmvlddn                               CiA ZitP           Sichun Union Untrym_ Dhy S_                                                                                                                 _     _
dl Shorttem br emdonal SthUd Tout                        Cuw Zitu           Skehuan UimO  Unneult                                _
bta. en    sd  Ptiedplon pBlodkmfiw)                      u ZhrA           Sichuan Union UmwnwtIt'                                    __                             _                             _ _
I. En%ioiamewat  mwnql got Valmeq Cttceahtn             I lu DJurni       SNuhun t  nA n I :nSIets11l                                          _     ___
J Imimenit LqukmenI & VchicIk                           t ui ZuM           Sithwn LntmIo   n I  U%    In'F Sanpian
CommMlistion -Alth %'A'ild fl%arl L%pfu
tb('t4 F.cltelbn
t1  '  in I1991  MolScs                                                                             
2\ Co      ril                                           _                                                                                                                                   -
12l Conw noon         a                                        -_     __                                      __ _                                              __        _
rJIlowe C'^.(L      k%F4     US I_
hwafl1owEl * HII(MIl V I                                                                                            _
IR AN EA A*i4S, 1% A                                                                                        i  
Iem~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7~~~~~~~



E.A. IMPLENIENTATION SCHEDILE
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