86437 Livestock in Zanzibar: households, keep large or small ruminants, equines or pigs. Over 50 percent of households What Census Data Says? keep poultry birds, primarily chickens. These households keep in aggregate over 1 million In 2007/2008 the Government of Tanzania chickens, about 325,000 thousands ducks, carried out the National Sample Census of 155,000 cattle and 69,000 goats. All other Agriculture. Reports from the census include a animals, including sheep, rabbits, turkeys and technical report, sub-sector reports, such as for pigs are low in numbers, their total population crop, livestock and large scale farms, and ranging from a maximum of 3,000 to just a few regional reports, including for Zanzibar. In hundred (donkeys). January 2012, the Zanzibar Livestock Sector Report was released. Specific objectives of the Zanzibar: number of rural households keeping Census, as spelled out in the Zanzibar Livestock livestock by species (2007/2008) Sector Report, were to: 50000 80000  ‘Identify structural changes in the size of 45000 farm holdings, crop and livestock 40000 number of rural households production, farm inputs and farm 35000 implement use, and … determine if there 30000 are any improvements in rural 25000 20000 infrastructure and the level of agricultural 15000 household living conditions.’ 10000  ‘Provide benchmark data on productivity, 5000 production and agricultural practices in 0 relation to policies and interventions promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources and other stakeholders’  ‘Obtain data that will be used to address Livestock: a smallholder sector specific issues such as: food security, rural Census data indicate that the livestock sector is poverty, gender, agro-processing, dominated by smallholders. Over 80 percent of marketing, service delivery, etc.’ cattle keeping households rear between 1 and 5 Data in Zanzibar were collected from 4,755 heads of cattle, the average being 2.64 heads. rural agricultural households as well as 38 large In total, they own almost 54 percent of all scale farms. The Census included questions on cattle in the country. These proportions go up cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, chicken, ducks, to 95.3 and 81.8 percent respectively, if data turkeys, rabbits and donkeys. The Livestock are presented for households rearing from one Report provides summary information on to ten heads of cattle. About 96 percent of the livestock holdings, milk production, animal cattle in Zanzibar are indigenous. Livestock Data Innovation in Africa BRIEF diseases and manure, which is summarized The trend depicted for cattle ownership is below. similar for all livestock species, with the exception of improved chickens (layers) and Livestock holdings pigs. In these categories, the majority of In Zanzibar, an estimated 35 percent of households keep over 300 layers and 60 pigs agricultural households, i.e. about 45,700 respectively. These are largely kept by market Numbers for Livelihood Enhancement www.africalivestockdata.org oriented households located in the Urban and While a large majority of households raise West Regions. livestock, only a minority of them seem to make use of the variety of services which farm Zanzibar: cattle ownership across households by animals provide to increase crop productivity, herd size (2007/2008) including manure and draught power. % of households and % of cattle 90 % of HH Data from the Census indicate that, in Zanzibar, 80 % of cattle a total of about 6,800 households, i.e. about 7.7 70 60 percent of all farmers, make use of manure 50 during the long rain season. This manure is used 40 to fertilize about 7.8 percent of the total land 30 planted during the long rain season. 20 Interestingly, there appears to be no correlation 10 at district level between cattle population and 0 use of manure. For example, Michweni and 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 Wete rank second and third respectively in herd size, no. of cattle head terms of number of cattle, but are among the lowest users of organic fertilizer. Milk production and productivity Using agricultural census data with Milk production in Zanzibar comes primarily other data for investment purpose from cows. In 2007/2008, about 45,000 cows were milked in the wet season and 37,000 in the The National Sample Census of Agriculture dry season. Less than 900 goats in total were provides detailed information on the livestock milked during that period. sector in Zanzibar, and data can be compared with those from previous Censuses to identify The average daily milk production per trends and structural changes in the sector. indigenous cow is estimated at 2.5 litres in the wet season and 2.3 litres in the dry season. Data from the Agricultural Census are not Improved dairy cattle produce about 7 sufficient on their own to formulate, litres/day throughout the year. Given the more implement, monitor and evaluate sector cows are milked in the wet season than are in investments. They need to be complemented the dry season, total production is higher in the with data that allow the identification of former (111,616 lts) than in the latter (84,385 priority areas for investments —i.e. major lts). Accordingly, milk price is lower? in the constraints to livestock productivity and rainy season (481 TSh/litre in 2007/08) than in marketing— as well as data that allow the the dry season (497 TSh/litre), when the supply monitoring and evaluation of sector is less. interventions —i.e. data which are collected on a regular basis so as to observe trends in Animal diseases outputs and outcomes. The Agricultural Census reports information on major diseases affecting livestock in Zanzibar. For further information please visit: The most common diseases infecting ruminant www.africalivestockdata.org livestock are tick borne diseases, as well as foot and mouth disease and lumpy skin. Poultry birds Or contact: are mostly affected by Fowl Typhoid and Kassim Gharib Juma, Principal Secretary, Zanzibar Newcastle disease. The latter is the most Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries widespread disease in animals, reported by kassimjuma52@yahoo.com about 59 percent of households whose animals Ugo Pica-Ciamarra, Livestock Economist, FAO were affected by some disease, followed by tick ugo.picaciamarra@fao.org borne diseases (33%) and lumpy skin (9%). Only a minority of livestock-keeping households make use of methods to control animal diseases. For instance, about 66 and 75 percent Livestock Data Innovation in Africa BRIEF of livestock keeping households reported not have practiced any tick or Newcastle control methods. Livestock and crop productivity Numbers for Livelihood Enhancement www.africalivestockdata.org