Voices from the Field Stories from Mozambique’s Integrated Landscape Management Portfolio Voices from the Field Stories from Mozambique’s Integrated Landscape Management Portfolio 11 15 2 9 1 13 19 14 15 12 5 10 13 17 18 6 16 4 3 8 7 16 CONTENTS FOREWORD1 COMMUNITIES4 1 Building Stronger Communities Together 5 2 Thinking Outside the Plot to Generate Profit 6 3 Inspiring Action in Coastal Schools  7 4 Catching Profits in the Artisanal Fishing Industry  8 5 Growing Incomes with Land Rights 9 6 Fencing in the Profits 10 7 Community Development in Mozambique’s South  11 8 Empowering Women through Savings Clubs 13 9 Farming for the Family and the Land 14 PARTNERS16 10 Collaborative Effort and Community Spirit 17 11 New Stoves, No Waste, Big Savings  19 12 Investing in People 20 13 Technical Skills for Transparency 21 14 Experiences from a Multi-Stakeholder Platform 22 15 Sharing Skills and Knowledge with Partners 23 PRIVATE SECTOR 26 16 Building Co-Management Partnerships for the Future 27 17 Making Something from Nothing 29 18 Sweetening the Deal on Community-Private Agreements 30 19 Finding the Value in Value-Chains  31 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS34 FOREWORD With diverse ecosystems and rich natural resources, Mozambique is a country of opportunity. Expansive forests, fertile soils, and an extensive coastline are just some of the resources that provide vital services to the country and offer global benefits such as climate regulation and biodiversity habitat. Landscape degradation, such as deforestation, wildlife poaching and overfishing, however, is threatening this potential. Working closely with communities, government, private sector and civil society partners, the World Bank is working on a series of projects and programs focused on reducing environmental threats and promoting sustainable rural development. By managing these projects collectively (sharing knowledge, resources and time), the Bank is implementing a ”portfolio” of technical assistance, on-the-ground investments, results-based finance, and analytical work that is known as Mozambique’s Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) Portfolio. This publication presents a series of stories from colleagues, partners and friends who work closely with and benefit from ILM Portfolio activities and investments. Reflecting the true nature of the Bank’s work in Mozambique, the stories are of hope, resolution and hard work; presenting practical examples of lessons learned and visions for a future that meets the needs of all of Mozambique’s people while safeguarding its unique and irreplaceable natural environment. More information about the ILM Portfolio can be found at: worldbank.org/mozambique/ilm 1 Taking an Integrated Approach An Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) approach recognizes the inextricable links between forests, natural resources and the value chains that depend on them (such as agriculture, timber and tourism). Using a combination of policy development, capacity building and activities on the ground, the approach brings stakeholders together around a common vision to balance trade-offs across different land use sectors (such as government investment, private sector and community livelihoods) within a given area. ILM seeks to ensure an equitable and sustainable use of land to support rural livelihoods, while strengthening economies and ensuring the health and resilience of the surrounding landscapes. 2 3 COMMUNITIES The core mission of all ILM Portfolio projects is to enhance the living conditions of communities through the sustainable use of forests and other natural resources. Working closely with the people on the ground is at the forefront of integrated and sustainable natural resource management, and the Bank strives to include local communities in all activities. The ILM Portfolio ensures that those whose livelihoods rely on natural resources are benefiting from Bank supported initiatives through activities such as assisting with land delimitation, improving agroforestry systems, providing governance training, Mother and children taken outside a village in northern Mozambique and facilitating private-community partnerships. The following is a selection of stories from a few of the people working with and benefiting from Portfolio activities. 4 Building Stronger Communities Together Ribáué and Lalaua Districts, Nampula In the northern province of Nampula—an “With this financing and support, I have area known for high agricultural potential been able to change the way I work with my thanks to cooler temperatures, fertile land” says Maria, “production has increased soils and multiple river beds—most rural a lot, as has the quality of the products I households subsist on agriculture using am growing.” traditional and often inefficient farming With assistance from ILM activities, rural techniques. farmers like Maria and Abdala are receiving Despite the potentially favorable conditions, agricultural training and resources—such as Maria Teresa and Abdala Haje, two small- tractors and improved seeds—to help them scale commercial farmers in the districts generate greater profits to invest back into of Ribáué and Lalaua, have both struggled their land. But it is not just the resources to produce enough quality products for that Maria and Abdala have benefited from. sale. When they do have products for sale, Both say that the trainings and networking limited infrastructure makes the transport opportunities have allowed them to work challenging and costly. with and learn from other small-holder farmers in their regions. “When we work These limitations restrict the ability of small together, we can help one another, and commercial farmers to earn profit, and our communities will grow and thrive” says encourages quick but often destructive Abdala. farming techniques, such as slash and burn agriculture, that yield short term products In 2018, Maria was put into contact with but lead to long term degradation. over 40 other local farmers, a quarter of whom were women­ —to encourage As such, the ILM Portfolio is working across collaboration and knowledge sharing. the region to develop profitable agricultural “Working with women as well as men is very businesses using conservation agriculture important” she says, “it the women who that balances farming for food and market. ensure there is food for the family, food for the market and profit so that the children can go to school.” “With better access to the markets and higher quality products, my income has improved a lot. My produce is in higher demand and I am able to charge a fair price.” Maria Teresa, small-scale producer of beans, soy, and sesame in Ribáué District 5 Thinking Outside the Plot to Generate Profit Ancuabe District, Cabo Delgado A few years ago, Casimiro Fernando, 35 year- “With the additional income I am old farmer and self-described entrepreneur earning from my land, I won’t need from Ancuabe District in the northern to clear more fields—thus we avoid province of Cabo Delgado, inherited a four deforestation.” hectare of field from his grandmother. His Casimiro Fernando, farmer and entrepreneur family immediately began cultivation but were disappointed to find the plot relatively unproductive; needing more money, they planned to clear additional land to farm. Never one to pass up opportunity, however, Casimiro, realized that if they wanted to make the plot worthwhile, they would need to change how they worked with the land. Using corn and beans, Casimiro adopted a conservation agriculture approach that uses the rotation of plants that have been identified as conducive to local conditions. With minimal soil disturbance, so as to maintain nutrients and prevent erosion, Casimiro slowly began to regenerate the land. Today, his grandmother’s old plot of land is a healthy and profitable farm. While talking with neighboring farmers, Casimiro heard about a program under the ILM Portfolio that encourages agroforestry and, in Casimiro’s region, the planting of cashew trees. With his now fertile and healthy plot of land, and support from the ILM Portfolio, Casimiro has planted 160 trees amongst his crops and hopes to be able to sell his cashews within 3 years. By integrating different crops and trees on his land Casimiro has increased profits without clearing additional land. “Thanks to the cashew trees, I will be able to improve my house and pay for my children’s school fees” he says. 6 Inspiring Action in Coastal Schools Benguerra Island, Inhambane “We have so much fun that the Inspiring conservation and instilling students don’t even realize how behavioral change that will last a lifetime much they are learning.” requires the introduction of environmental Jecka Lina, teacher in the Benguerra education at a young age. With support Primary School Environmental Club from the World Bank and implementing partners, environment clubs are now being established to increase awareness of the local environment and help students realize the importance of collectively protecting the landscapes and biodiversity that their communities rely on. On a small island off the central coast of Mozambique, primary schools are beginning to initiate this change. Jecka Lina, a first and third grade teacher at Benguerra Primary School, is one of the teachers leading the school’s first environment club. Jecka supports the club because she sees it not just as an important supplement to the student curriculum, but also as a community initiative because of the conservation awareness that the students inspire in their families and friends. “These students will grow up to become teachers and leaders in the community and our communities need nature to survive” explains Jecka. Engaging the students and sustaining their interest is key. By using creative and playful learning techniques and encouraging the teachers and students to get out in nature and explore, the club keeps its members tuned in while imparting basic environmental knowledge and life skills. 7 Catching Profits in the Artisanal Fishing Industry Bazaruto Archipelago, Inhambane Mozambique’s 2,700km coastline teems Under the ILM Portfolio, the World Bank is with rich marine life, supporting livelihoods helping to reestablish fishing associations for hundreds of coastal communities. In in Bazaruto and across Mozambique, to the Bazaruto Archipelago, fishing is part of assist fisherman in getting the most out of daily life for families relying on the sea for their local environment without impacting food security and financial stability. But protected areas and depleting fish stocks. living in and around the Bazaruto National With support from the Bank, Crimildo’s Park can make it difficult to avoid putting fishing association recently purchased six pressure on the delicate ecosystems, while engines that will allow fishermen to travel also ensuring that the locals are benefiting further out to sea and away from the from the natural resources they rely upon. protected area boundaries. They are also Cremildo Zinave is a carpenter and building a new solar-powered fish market President of the local fishing association, with cold storage to keep the fish fresh which brings together fisherman from so it can be sold at higher prices. The end around the area so they can share result means increasing local livelihoods knowledge and use their collective power and decreasing environmental degradation. to purchase equipment and work together for greater profits. “We need to make sure that there will still be fish for our children.” Cremildo Zinave, President of the Fisheries Association of Bazaruto 8 Growing Incomes with Land Rights Mulevala District, Zambézia In rural Mozambique, where livelihoods can rely on multiple sources of income, families often struggle to access financing for projects that they hope will improve their circumstances. “Now that my land is registered I can invest Ricardo Capula – farmer, trader, fish in my farm without the risk of loosing my farmer, father, and resident of the rights over it. I hope this investment will Mulevala district in Zambézia (the increase my family’s income and improve country’s second most populated province) our living conditions.” – hopes to expand the size of his ponds so Ricardo Capula, farmer in the he can breed larger quantities of fish over Mulevala District, Zambézia a longer time period. To do so however, requires funds he doesn’t have. Agriculture has always been Ricardo’s primary source of income, but until recently the family was working on land without official land tenure. Working with the government and local officials, the ILM Portfolio is assisting farmers, like Ricardo, obtain formal rights for the land they farm. Formalized land rights offer individuals and communities a sense of ownership and personal investment in the land, encouraging them to invest in long term sustainable farming practices rather than short term methods that potentially decrease soil fertility, increase erosion and damage water supplies. As a legal document, the land rights demonstrate a commitment to the land that may help Ricardo and his family when applying for a loan to expand the fish farm. Under the ILM Portfolio, Ricado has also received training and support to introduce a mixed farming system that includes drought-tolerant crops, fruit trees, and agroforestry – ensuring a diversified income and the continued prosperity and value of the land. 9 Fencing in the Profits Inhassoro District, Inhambane “Now I have food to eat and products to sell. I work less, make more money and know that my land remains healthy, so I am happy.” Last year, Fátima Samuel, mother of Fátima Samuel, farmer and mother in Chilewelele two and resident of the remote village of Chilewelele in Inhassoro District, spent most of her time trawling the coastal waters for small fish that she could sell at the market. The work was hard and time consuming with little reward at the end. She also farmed a small plot of land, but poor soil conditions and the inability to secure her crops meant she made little profit from her time. This year, thanks to a series of agricultural projects initiated under the ILM Portfolio, Fátima spends significantly less time in the water and more time tending to her vegetable garden and playing with her children. New fences are being built around fields throughout Fátima’s village (and around the region) that allow communities and individuals to farm designated plots of land for their own profit and protect the crops from animals. With additional support­ — such as high yielding seeds, farming equipment, and water bores—farmers such as Fátima are now seeing significant increases in income from the crops they sell at market. Coupled with training on sustainable farming methods that move away from destructive agricultural practices, such as slash-and-burn, in favor of methods that ensure ongoing soil health and land productivity, communities are increasing their incomes while ensuring their land remains profitable and healthy. 10 Community Development in Mozambique’s South Thlavane & Guengo Communities Maputo Special Reserve “In the past we relied on cutting vegetation and selling of coal, now we have the opportunity to live through the protection of our animals.” Amos Tembe, Community Leader On the edge of the Maputo Special teaching modern farming techniques. Reserve in the south of Mozambique, daily After receiving equipment and larger hives, life often involves dangerous treks to poor Tereza is now able to produce 30 liters water sources, confrontations with wildlife of honey every month, generating more and persistently low incomes. Working income to support her family. closely with the government and partners on the ground, the ILM Portfolio is helping Community Leader, Amos Tembe, says that communities deal with these challenges these initiatives, which has reached over so they can live safer, happier, and more 3,500 people across 10 communities, have prosperous lives, while reducing pressure been life changing. on local natural resources. “People are starting to see the benefits that By increasing agricultural training, can be gained from the local environment. environmental awareness and providing When we don’t cut the trees or burn the assistance such as water pumps and land, there is an increase in the animal alternative fuel sources—so forests population which is then generating more aren’t cut for charcoal—communities are tourism and creating more employment.” not only becoming healthier and more In the small village of Guengo, local leader, prosperous, but they are more inclined to Zaida Manhica, agrees: “I have seen first- practice sustainable farming techniques hand how the educational campaigns have and protect the local wildlife. given community members a growing Tereza Sibie is a beekeeper near the Reserve appreciation for how a healthy and diverse and beneficiary of the training programs environment can benefit their daily lives.” 11 Water and Wildlife Within and along the borders of Maputo Special Reserve, where people and wildlife live in close proximity, competition for natural resources can lead to conflict. “We are the guardians of our natural In the villages of Guengo and Thlavane, environment, and if we see others communities constructed fences to prevent destroying that environment through elephants from destroying crops. While deforestation, poaching or fire, we will these were successful in ensuring the safety take action.” of the people and their land, it cut off vital Zaida Manhica, President of Guengo Water access to clean water. Committee Maintaining crops became impossible and preventing the contamination of water by livestock was challenging. Communities had to choose between polluted water or confrontation with dangerous animals. Land degradation increased as communities were forced to dig rudimentary wells across the landscape and rely on the production of charcoal from felling vegetation for income. Realizing the need to ensure sustainable livelihoods while also maintaining the integrity of the Reserve and the animals it protects, the ILM Portfolio built pumps and designated tanks for drinking water, livestock and irrigation. “Life was hard before we had a water pump” says Lidia Massinga, who lives in Thlavane with her daughter-in-law and grandchildren. “In the dry season we had to walk for over an hour to water supplies that we shared with animals such as crocodiles, elephants, and wild boar, we knew it was dangerous but we had no choice.” Programs to introduce water pumps into the rural communities include significant work with the local people to raise awareness about biodiversity and wildlife, and their potential for generating tourism revenue. 12 Empowering Women through Savings Clubs Inharrime District, Inhambane “Being a member of the Savings and Credit Club has changed my life.” Carolina Rafael, leader of Boa Sorte, the Credit and Savings Club in the village of Zavora In the small town of Zavora, bordered by regions, the ILM Portfolio is supporting the the Indian Ocean to the east and coastal creation and revitalization of Credit and lakes to the west, Carolina Rafael is Savings clubs in districts throughout the leading a Credit and Savings Club called coastal regions of Inhambane Province. In Boa Sorte (Good Luck). “The club has been addition to providing savings programs, life changing” she says, explaining how the Clubs offer a “Fundo Social” which the 16 members of her group, 13 of whom acts as insurance for emergencies such as are women, are now able to afford basic funerals and medical costs. necessities and expand their businesses. “The Club is also a social event for the With the savings she has acquired through community” says Carolina, “it is a time to the Club, Carolina has rebulit her house, get together and discuss local issues or financed school tuition for her children, and just sing and dance.” Their favorite song: bought two coolers that she uses to store a local tune that says: “one day I’ll be able the fish products she sells. to buy my own 4x4 car”—a clear reference To empower local communities— to the economic empowerment of women particularly women—and generate and who save and are therefore less dependent diversify economic development in rural on husbands and male relatives. 13 Farming for the Family and the Land Malema District, Nampula In the Malema District of western After receiving resources and training to Nampula, where steep granite domes develop a restoration plan and employ surround agricultural lands and forests, a conservation agriculture practices, father and son are working side by side to Pinteque and Patrício are already seeing restore degraded farmland and reforest improvements in their land. previously cleared fields. Previously eroded areas around a creek Pinteque Clement has been farming this bed are now covered in replanted native land for decades, slowly expanding his vegetation, ensuring a more reliable cropland and investing in seed production and clean water supply, and soil fertility until he saved enough to send his five is starting to improve thanks to less children to school. Following in his father’s intensive cultivation and the diversification footsteps, Pinteque’s eldest son Patrício of crops and vegetation on the land. recently completed a degree in agronomy and has returned to work with his father, with dreams of expanding their business ever further. After years of intensive cultivation, however, the Clement’s farm is showing signs of landscape degradation and low productivity. Under the ILM Portfolio, small-emerging commercial farmers, such as Patrício, are receiving training and resources to restore their land and adopt more sustainable agriculture techniques that prevent erosion and soil degradation. 14 15 Government, World Bank, local community and other partners outside the National Park Office in Bazaruto PARTNERS Partnerships with government agencies, land management. Without this close community groups, civil society, academia, working relationship, many of the ILM and the private sector are at the heart Portfolio’s initiatives would not be possible. of the ILM Portfolio’s achievements. The Working closely with civil society, Portfolio prides itself on a broad and multi- community groups and academic disciplinary approach that uses these institutions, the Portfolio strives to valuable partnerships as opportunities to ensure all interested parties are engaged share knowledge, collaborate on activities in the design and implementation of and expand impact to deliver strong, resilient land-use initiatives. Activities such as projects that enjoy widespread success. forest operator and civil society training, The World Bank works closely with governance assessments, and concession Mozambique’s district, provincial and evaluations are just a few examples of national government agencies through these engagement initiatives, and the the provision of technical and financial knowledge, networks, and convening support that builds capacity and ensures power that these organizations bring government officials are well equipped to to the ILM Portfolio are valuable deal with the challenges of sustainable complements to the World Bank’s work. 16 Collaborative Effort and Community Spirit Gilé District, Zambézia “We dream of growing our forestry concession into a larger enterprise that works in various economic areas but always with the spirit of preserving our natural environment.” Antonio Macaula, President of ANAWAPE In the Gilé District of Zambézia, a group of and financial constraints, however, meant 60 farmers from across 7 communities are that the group was unable to meet the working together to promote conservation legal requirements needed to enter into the and safeguard their shared natural heritage. business. Under the agricultural association of Working closely with ANAWAPE and the ANAWAPE, the group are dedicated to government, the ILM Portfolio is providing generating tangible benefits for members technical and financial assistance to build and the local communities, while ensuring the institutional capacity of the group’s the sustainable use of natural resources. members through activities such as Zambézia Province is home to significant the legalization of the association and forest cover and ANAWAPE collectively capacity building on the development and identified the sustainable growth and management of a formal association. harvesting of timber as one profitable Actions are now underway to legalize enterprise to provide its members with a community forestry concession and capital to improve their farming methods the negotiation of a community-private and invest into their communities. Technical partnership to oversee the business. 17 Conservation Agriculture for As a farmer and longtime resident of the town of Uape in Gilé District, Paulino is Consumption and Market... a proud member of ANAWAPE. With assistance from the ILM Portfolio, ANAWAPE is teaching Paulino and other “With more resources to invest in members about Conservation Agriculture training, we are becoming a strong and how to use biomass to develop organization that understands the profitable farming plots while also ensuring value of all its members.” the land remains fertile and productive. Paulino, ANAWAPE member As part of this program, the association is also working with its members to diversity incomes and the types of crops they grow. In the past, members have struggled with balancing the cultivation of crops for consumption with those for market, leading to low incomes or an unpredictable food supply. To tackle this issue, the ANAWAPE members have set aside land dedicated to the sustainable cultivation of crops with high market value. This will then ensure members receive a reliable source of income, while also maintaining land to grow crops needed for local consumption. ANAWAPE is also using additional funds and support to train its leaders in essential skills. This year, the group decided to use the money to send its vice-president to a computer course in the neighboring province of Alto Molecúle. “With the money we earn from the market, we can invest in other areas of interest such as fish farming and honey production” says Paulino. “This then gives us a more diversified and stable income. Additionally, with more money for trainings, we can become a strong, participatory, and successful organization.” 18 New Stoves, No Waste, Big Savings Ancuabe District, Cabo Delgado As populations increase and forest resources The ILM Portfolio is partnering with the deplete, the pressure on native forests and government and the Ophevela Association crop lands to provide wood for charcoal is of Nimala to provide trainings aimed at ever increasing. the use, sale, and distribution of new fuel efficient stoves that reduce the need Charcoal production has become a major for excessive amounts of charcoal and source of income for many communities, firewood. Provided with the materials but is also greatly affecting land cover, necessary to produce 200 stoves, the increasing degradation, and changing the Ophevela Association distributed stoves way land is used. to all 150 households in the Nimala In the community of Nimala in the community, as well as 50 additional Ancuabe Distrct of Cabo Delgado, families in neighboring areas. producers are purchasing trees once President of the Association, Baptist grown for market and consumption (such Inácio, saw firsthand the difference these as cashew trees) to use for charcoal. stoves make to the local families: “In my Thus, this high demand for fuel is not family of five we used to use one bag only impacting the environment, but also of charcoal in two weeks, but with the threatening livelihoods and food security. introduction of the new stove we are now able to make the same amount last an entire month.” This is more than a 50% savings in terms of investment in biomass and the human energy required to produce charcoal or collect firewood. Unsurprisingly, this success has led to a huge increase in the demand for stoves throughout the region. While there are plans to expand this program, making these stoves widely available at this stage, especially amongst the poorest within the communities, remains a challenge. 19 Investing in People Mocuba District, Zambézia “Investing in the people should always be a priority.” Marcos Victor, Vice President of COGERFFN In the early 1990’s, Marcos Victor returned for the difference that the organization can to his hometown of Muaquiwa in the make in the community, and, on a personal Mocuba District of Zambézia Province level, increased understanding of what it after attending agricultural school where takes to make the organization work. he worked—amongst other things—“to Marcos returns to COGERFFN just encourage communities to adopt more as the ILM Portfolio (and partners) sustainable land use practices.” are expanding assistance to such In 2007, he became the first President of organizations. Marcos welcomes COGERFFN—a pioneering organization the support in capacity building and aimed at helping communities access management development, saying forest resources through commercial that “the rebuilding of this community concession contracts. Through his own enterprise will require activities that admission, Marcos says that the work provide structured support and took place amidst significant limitations capacity.” With help from the ILM in capacity, organizational management Portfolio, some of these actions have and transparency, not least his own already been implemented, including inexperience in leading such a group. But the development of a new management the experience was a valuable one and plan and identification of private sector after stepping aside as President in 2012, partners interested in working with the he has returned to the organization as community to develop profitable and Vice-President. He has a renewed hope sustainable forest concessions. 20 Technical Skills for Transparency Nampula and Zambézia Sílvia Américo and Zacarias Amone both features, to analyze satellite images work with data analysis and Geographic and improve field collection techniques. Information Systems (GIS) on a daily After undergoing GIS and data training, basis. For Sílvia, a technician for the Sílvia and Zacarias are now much more Economic Activity Bureau for Rapale confident in their work, producing accurate District in Nampula, it is essential that economic data sets and land use analyses she is able to analyze and map physical that can be shared with all stakeholders and socio-economic data from around the and other decision makers. district. In the Gurué District of Zambézia, Thanks to these trainings, Mozambique Zacarias is a surveyor for the government now has more robust and easy to organization responsible for mapping land use databases­—critical tools for land use rights and infrastructure. Although managers and policy makers, as well as both enjoy their jobs, they feel that they important public resources that ensure lack the skills to effectively analyze transparency in land-use decisions. and share the data they work with it accordingly. Recognizing how essential technical and “Thanks to the training I am now able to GIS skills are for effective land management create quality maps that help to facilitate decisions and biodiversity conservation, the sustainable land management and ILM Portfolio is supporting the government community development.” in implementing trainings to staff in district Sílvia Américo, Rapale District Economic agencies to help them better understand Activity Bureau Technician the value of data collection, analysis, and collaborative sharing. Trainees like Sílvia and Zacarias learn how to make accurate maps displaying various themes, such as land-use and geographic 21 Experiences from a Multi-Stakeholder Platform Zambézia In the provinces of Zambézia and Cabo “The multi-stakeholder platform is a Delgado, civil society, private sector, space where everyone can learn, exchange government, academia and communities experiences and develop a unique vision for are coming together in Multi-Stakeholder the management of local natural resources.” Platforms to discuss sustainable natural Mr. Farai, from the organization ADRA, a founding resource use and collaborate on land member of the Zambézia Multi-Stakeholder Platform management decisions. Recognizing the need to engage with stakeholders to to foster in the natural resource sector. ensure equitable and transparent decision Through the Platform, the Portfolio is making, the ILM Portfolio has created able to maintain close partnerships with these Multi-Stakeholder Platforms to civil society organizations such as the generate strong, common plans for forest Zambézia Environment and Community and landscape management. Development Network (RADEZA)— to tap “The objective of the Platform is to join local insight and form key partnerships in together to ensure our local environment implementing activities on the ground. is managed sustainably and equitably” “The Platform assists in managing says Mr. Farai, a representative from differing views and potential conflicts” ADRA, a non-government organization says Daniel Maula, the President of working to improve the lives of rural RADEZA, who has been an important communities and one of the founding partner in assisting the Portfolio in members of the Multi-Stakeholder tailoring activities that ensure greater Platform in Zambézia. assistance to beneficiaries on the ground. Mr. Farai says that ADRA was included in the design and establishment of the Platform right from the beginning, a testament to the inclusion and transparency that the Platform is hoping 22 Sharing Skills and Knowledge with Partners Zambézia and Cabo Delgado In the provinces of Zambézia and Cabo “MozDGM has created a platform where we Delgado, the ILM Portfolio is partnering can share and discuss opportunities that with non-government organizations such are important for us forest-dependent as the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) communities to improve our livelihoods.” to strengthen the ability of civil society Angelina Siadrede, community representative from to participate in and shape landscape Macombia District in Cabo Delgado management decisions. “Since the mid 1990’s, there have been Through this partnership, the ILM Portfolio many NGOs in Mozambique doing great is both benefiting from WWF’s expertise work on rural development” says Rito in the field, and also building a stronger Mabunda, a Project Leader at WWF. “But civil society that can partner with the despite all of these initiatives, we have no World Bank on current and future rural longevity or consistency to the projects.” development initiatives. This lack of communication between Partnerships such as this increase organizations is weakening civil society; understanding and knowledge of the leading to overlap and repetition in activities Bank’s work around Mozambique, engaging and a loss of institutional knowledge. with stakeholders critical to natural resource and rural development. As such, WWF is working on the Mozambique civil society partners are relied upon for Dedicated Grant Mechanism for Local their ability to provide valuable insights, Communities (MozDGM), a community- knowledge and networks, and for their and civil society-led project that aims to close and longstanding relationships enhance communities’ ability to participate with local communities—the stewards of in sustainable landscape management. Mozambique’s valuable and irreplaceable In coordination with the World Bank and natural resources. the ILM Portfolio, WWF is responsible Empowering communities to take for building natural resource knowledge ownership over the natural resources they and institutional capacity in civil society rely on and shifting the balance of power so and community organizations; as well as people have a say in the management of awarding grants for community-based their local environment, are key to effective natural resource management (CBNRM) rural development. projects. Not only will these initiatives improve rural livelihoods, they will also foster collaboration and joint understanding among the organizations involved in MozDGM activities. 23 Community-Based Natural CBNRM is critical when it comes to building a sound environmental and Resource Management... scientific knowledge base, and is increasingly recognized as one of the most important tools for promoting “Sustainable and equitable rural sustainable rural development, development requires a combination particularly because of Mozambique’s of perspectives and skills to shape high dependence on renewable natural different fields of expertise—from resources (forests, wildlife, fisheries). community members, to data analysts But how do we actually capture these to gender specialists to policy makers. benefits, overcome the inevitable If we don’t share these skills and challenges and learn from previous knowledge with each other, we will experiences to implement strategic never make a real difference.” solutions? Rito Mabunda, To bridge the gap between decision World Wide Fund for Nature, Mozambique makers and community members and strengthen the voice of civil society, several civil society organizations, with strong support from the World Bank and Government, initiated a CBNRM Working Group with a long term view to develop a National CBNRM Program. Additionally, a network of civil society organizations and government agencies are in the process of developing a long-term National CBNRM Program. Bringing together a diverse range of key stakeholders and decision makers in rural development—from high level government representatives, to community members, non-profit organizations and universities—the working group is an important platform for preparing action plans, sharing lessons and knowledge, and discussing opportunities and limitations of CBNRM. 24 25 PRIVATE SECTOR The private sector is a key catalyst in diversifying and strengthening the economy. It can bring much needed investment in rural areas and offer advanced knowledge and guidance on sustainable land use practices. As such, the ILM Portfolio is working closely with large commercial groups to attract investment and facilitate public-private-community relationships, as well as assisting small and emerging enterprises in areas such as management plan implementation, silviculture and reforestation, forest inventories and A close encounter with a bull elephant while on safari value-added timber processing. sighted at Maputo Special Reserve With help from the World Bank, the government is now increasing the power of the private sector in areas such as tourism and agriculture and forestry value chains, with particular focus on areas where large enterprises are willing to partner with small land-holders and communities. Additionally, the Bank and government are working to design various financing tools that encourage sustainable and inclusive private investment. 26 Building Co-Management Partnerships for the Future Bazaruto Archipelago and Maputo Special Reserve “Protecting our animals will attract tourists to our islands and tourists are important because they bring money to our communities. It would also be nice to keep the animals so I can show my children.” Santos Pantiço, Primary School Student from the region surrounding the Bazaruto Archipelago Marine Park 27 Along the southern tip of Mozambique, the ILM Portfolio, Mozambique is becoming two unique protected areas harbor some a leader in the recognition of the need for of the country’s most precious tourism partnerships in effective conservation. In resources—from the elephant herds of 2017, the government and African Parks Maputo Special Reserve to the nesting signed a co-management agreement for turtles along the beaches of Ponta do Bazaruto Archipelago National Park, and Ouro Marine Reserve. Off Mozambique’s 2018 marked the beginning of a partnership central coast, a string of islands — between the government and Peace Parks protected by the Bazaruto Archipelago Foundation to support the management National Park—offer aqua clear waters of the Maputo Special Reserve and Ponta and diverse underwater ecosystems that do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve. attract divers and outdoor enthusiasts These new collaborations are improving from around the world. But it is not just livelihoods through activities that combat the tourism operators who see the value in the over-exploitation of natural resources, these natural resources. Surrounding these promote conservation agriculture and protected areas are communities and environmental education, and increase enterprises that rely on the environment tourism benefits for rural development, for livelihoods and business. by expanding revenue collection and Suffering from a lack of funds and weak infrastructure to make sure local people management, however, the protected areas benefit from the profits. are at risk of deterioration, threatening The Portfolio is proud to have been local livelihoods and tourism potential. To a key facilitator in assisting the two combat this, the ILM Portfolio is working organizations—both of whom will bring with the government and regional non- significant technical expertise and government organizations to build strong additional financing to protected area partnerships that can effectively manage management—support the surrounding these complex and irreplaceable areas. communities and help Mozambique With technical and financial support from capitalize on nature-based tourism potential. 28 Making Something from Nothing Mocuba District, Zambézia “As a result of the training (assistance A recent financial analysis of Mozambique’s from the ILM Portfolio) I have less timber industry found significant waste waste to dispose of and more profits in both the cutting and processing of at the end of the week.” wood. To minimize this waste and increase Geraldo Sotomane, owner of environmental sustainability in the industry, Industrias e Construções Sotomane the ILM Portfolio organized a training for forestry operators working primarily in charcoal production. Geraldo Sotomane, owner of Industrias e Construções Sotomane in the Mocuba District of Zambézia, is one of the beneficiaries of the training who is making good use of his newly acquired knowledge. “As a result of the training, I now know how to use waste produced in our sawmill for the production of charcoal and other wood products” explains Geraldo. In the past, Industrias e Construções Sotomane burnt the rubbish and waste produced in timber production, but after the training, Geraldo acquired a new (highly efficient) kiln that uses this waste to produce over 40 bags of charcoal per week. This system is not only an efficient waste disposal system­ —Sotomane credits this system with keeping his factory floor clean and tidy—but it also has added economic benefits, with the company able to sell almost 150 bags of charcoal on the local market every week. From a community perspective, this approach also helps meet the demand for fuel without increasing deforestation and environmental degradation. 29 Sweetening the Deal on Community-Private Agreements Chimanimani National Reserve, Manica Along the borders of Chimanimani With facilitation by the ILM Portfolio, National Reserve in the western province the communities work closely with of Manica, honey is becoming a key player Mozambique Honey Company, who buy in the livelihoods of local communities. the honey directly from the beekeepers and sell it under the label “Made in With supplies and technical assistance Mozambique.” The honey is then from the ILM Portfolio, almost 100 marketed and sold to specialized stores, beekeepers across eight communities are delicatessens, and airports around the producing honey for a private company country, or sold to major commercial that then sells it throughout the country. distributors who rebrand the product. Through this support, the beekeepers (half of whom are women) have either been able At 70 meticals per kilo, the Chimanimani to expand existing harvesting processes or communities are now earning an income commence the activity for the first time, that significantly increases and diversifies thus providing a new source of income for their livelihoods and improves living the families. conditions. Those participating in the program receive assistance in acquiring hives and resources, as well as extensive technical assistance and ongoing localized advice in sustainable beekeeping—such as how to ensure optimum viability and productivity in specific locations. It was determined, for example, that each apiary in the Chimanimani area can hold a maximum of 25 hives —a number that ensure a sustainable bee population within the ecosystem without the need for artificial feeding. This approach has doubled honey production in the region. 30 Finding the Value in Value-Chains Gurue District, Zambézia In a country where the majority of the By combining funding with technical population live in rural areas and rely assistance and capacity building, the of agriculture for daily subsistence ILM portfolio is helping to transform and income, micro and small medium subsistence agriculture and forestry into agribusiness (MSMEs) have the profitable, market orientated activities. potential to significantly increase rural In Gurue District in northern Zambézia, development. MSMEs create jobs, attract the ILM Portfolio, in partnership with the investment, and expand value chains so government, recently approved Agri-Mel that rural—often isolated—communities Limitada for a new project to establish can benefit from greater economic locally-based bulk honey cultivation and opportunity. a new processing plant. Working across Lack of infrastructure, high operational four sites in the region (including one costs, as well as organizational and conservation area), honey production will legal constraints, however, present be carried out by community harvesters, challenges to small organizations and who will receive training, bee hives, and limit the presence of banks and financial additional resources and support. institutions needed to support MSMEs. By 2024, Agri-Mel expect to have This is why the ILM Portfolio is working produced 82,350kg of honey and trained with government and private sector and equipped almost 400 local people in partners to support the growth and honey production. expansion of MSMEs—particularly those focused on sustainable agriculture and rural development. 31 32 Partners and community members at ILM Portfolio event Maputo Special Reserve ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Voices from the Field: Stories from Mozambique’s Integrated Landscape Management Portfolio was prepared by the ILM Portfolio team with important contributions from our colleagues and partners around Mozambique. The team would like to acknowledge the generous contributions of everyone who provided input through quotes, stories, and photos. Special thanks go to our colleagues at the Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development—specifically the National Administration for Conservation Areas and the National Sustainable Development Fund—as well as the Government of Sweden and all our partners for their dedication to advancing an integrated approach landscape management in Mozambique. All pictures are from The World Bank, Government of Mozambique, and Andrea Borgarello. 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA Telephone: +1 202 473 1000 www.worldbank.org/mozambique/ilm