Required Sectoral Module URBAN DEVELOPMENT In a resilient city, physical and socio-economic planning processes are well-coordinated, legally enforced, inclusive, and cross-sectoral. Key stakeholders are involved to align plans with sector priorities and to ensure that the interests of all societal groups are taken into consideration (coordinated and inclusive). Coordination between departments and other agencies enables the use of existing knowledge and data across the city to better understand current and future vulnerabilities (reflective). Urban planning and development ensures a holistic and long-term approach to urban growth, factoring in potential shocks and stresses and encouraging proactive mitigation measures (robust). Multiple strategies are in place to ensure that primary urban development goals can be achieved in the face of changing demographics, urbanization rates, or economic shifts (redundant). TOPIC GUIDING QUESTION APPLICABLE EXPLANATION OF RESILIENCE RESILIENCE QUALITY QUALITY Institutional Does the city’s planning Coordinated A collaborative planning Capacity department draw on expertise process informed by specialized and knowledge of the private knowledge and expertise can sector, research institutions and enhance the applicability, the civil society for development coordination, and quality of land- of land-use plans? Which sectors use plans. By including different and departments within the city stakeholders in the planning collaborate during development process the city engenders and/or reviewing of such plans? ownership of the plan. 1 Institutional Does the city have transparent Inclusive Transparent and predictable Capacity and predictable procedures for participation procedures boost public/stakeholder participation confidence and trust in the during planning processes? planning process. Participation How is participation amongst is facilitated with clear rules and context-appropriate engagement vulnerable groups in the society platforms. Vulnerable groups (e.g. women, illiterate, informal may need customized etc.) encouraged? engagement channels to participate in decision-making. Regulations Is there a regulatory framework Robust Enforced planning regulations in place to manage urban growth can help prevent unauthorized and reduce risks associated development in the city and with uncontrolled growth? Are thereby protect the environment, the regulations effective and residents’ health and the overall enforceable? urban ecosystem. Regulations Are land use policies and Reflective; Risk-based land use policies and planning regulations for Robust regulations for natural, climate housing and development and man-made risks should be infrastructure informed by integrated in land use planning projected natural, climate and to reduce exposure. man-made risks? How well enforced are risk–sensitive land use regulations, building codes, and health and safety codes across all development zones and building types (e.g. health and safety codes for settlements neighboring industrial sites)? Planning Does the city’s planning Reflective Digital tools with geo-referencing department make use of capabilities facilitate strategic digital tools for analyzing and spatial planning by identifying visualizing geo-referenced data location-specific correlations and (e.g., public assets, natural inter-dependencies, including resources, traffic corridors, etc.) known vulnerable areas. 2 Planning Is urban planning/future Robust Urban planning which is aligned development guided by a city with the city’s development goals strategy? If so, what are the main is reliable and supportive of elements of the strategy and those goals. how do they influence spatial development in the city? Planning Is the city’s rate of population Reflective Spatial planning relies on growth accommodated in its Robust population projections and master/land-use plans and future service demand estimates other planning instruments for preserving sufficient land (i.e. sufficient area for new for each function. Uncontrolled housing developments)? Is the urban growth often encroaches city growing at the expense of on the city’s green areas and can protected areas and urban green jeopardize its ecosystem. spaces/recreational areas? Planning How well are disaster risk Coordinated Risk assessment and land assessments (including climate suitability analysis should related risk) and environmental provide the basis for land use impact assessments planning to avoid development incorporated into all relevant in high-risk areas and/or local development planning on a environmental degradation. consistent basis? Planning Does the city have a disaster Reflective Risk management, climate risk management plan, Robust change mitigation, and climate change mitigation adaptation plans help identify and adaptation plan? What investment priorities that are in percentage of actions identified line with the city’s development in these plans have been/are strategy. The existence and being implemented? implementation of these plans are a good indication of how well the city is using data on natural hazards to inform decision- making. Planning In case of a disaster event, Robust Recovery plans help the city does the city have a post event identify possible funding sources, recovery plan? procedures for effectively initiating the recovery process and risk-reductions to consider during rebuilding. 3 Asset Does the city have an inventory Reflective Public asset management is Management of publically owned land, important for determining asset buildings, and infrastructure? value, budgeting operating costs If so, is the inventory regularly and maintenance, and evaluating updated? asset performance on a regular basis. Public assets can also be used to strategically guide growth to areas of the city with less risk exposure. Informality What percentage of the Robust A large proportion of informal population lives in informal or settlements in a city usually temporary settlements? What coincides with large poverty percentage of the population is levels. People living in informal "floating"? settlements often suffer from tenant-insecurity, environmental health problems, overcrowding and greater exposure to risks. Informality Do informal settlements have Inclusive Informal settlements are often access to basic services at un-served by public services, affordable prices? which means that residents are forced to buy alternative services at a high price or engage in practices that may endanger the environment or themselves. Informality Are urban upgrading programs Inclusive Urban upgrading projects can be ongoing in slum areas? used to achieve greater equity in infrastructure and service accessibility and thereby reduce vulnerability among low-income groups in the city. Informality What is the level of exposure Inclusive Informal settlers often occupy of urban poor settlements to high-risk areas of the city, posing climate and natural hazards, a risk to the urban ecosystem health and safety hazards, etc.? and themselves. Are informal settlements a risk to the balance of the urban ecosystem? 4 Informality Does the city have procedures Inclusive Clear resettlement procedures for dealing with settlements at facilitate making choices about immediate risk? which residents need to be moved swiftly and which can wait for a long-term solution to be designed. Vulnerability What was the observed Reflective Destruction during previous vulnerability of infrastructure disasters may help to predict and buildings in past natural future vulnerability of urban disasters (informal buildings, infrastructure and buildings. historic buildings, new and formal developments)? Vulnerability Which areas within the city, and Reflective Identification of vulnerable hot- specific infrastructure, buildings spots facilitates the prioritization and populations have the highest of disaster preparedness exposure to natural and climate investments and actions. related hazards? Vulnerability Are there ongoing formal and Reflective Rapid urbanization, both formal informal developments that and informal, can put pressure are posing risks to the city’s on urban services and the urban population and/or balance of the ecosystem. urban ecosystem? Housing What percentage of the city's Reflective Informal settlements are housing is informal and/or poor particularly vulnerable to natural construction quality? disaster due to the precarious sites they occupy, and the poor quality housing construction. Cultural Is cultural and religious heritage Reflective Cultural and religious heritage, Heritage vulnerable to the consequences in form of tradition knowledge/ of climate change, natural skills and/or symbolically rich disasters and deterioration due built environment, can be used to lack of maintenance? to mitigate impacts of natural disasters (e.g., building on stilts in coastal areas), but can also offer psycho-social and spiritual support during disaster recovery phase. 5