E1 570
Vol. 2
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
OF THE
CHINA ECO-FARMING PROJECT
List of Appendices
Submitted by:
Ministry of Agriculture
People's Republic of China
December 2006
l



LIST OF APPENDICES
I : REFERENCE LIST
1. Fan Yayun, Zhang Wudi, et al. Comprehensive Utilization of Human & Animal Wastes
[J]. Agriculture & Technology, 2002, 22(2): 17-20.
2. Hu Zhengpeng, Hu Songtao. The "Pig-Raising, Methane-Generating, Fruit-Growing"
Eco-Agriculture Patten of Recycling Economy [J]. Journal Of Nature Resources, 2006,
21.(4): 638-644.
3. XU Weihong, WANG Zhenying, et al. A Review On Studies of Biogas Fermentation
Residue Effect on Vegetable Yield and Quality [J]. China Biogas, 2005,23(2): 27-29.
4. Zhang Wudi, Song Hongchuan, et al. Application Of Methane Fermentative Residues
in Control of Crop Diseases and Insect pests [J]. Research Of Agricultural Modernization,
2001, 22(3): 167-170.
5. Yao Liang, Liu Zhongli, Depose Surface Pollution In Rural Area By Biogas
Technology [J]. China Biogas, 2005, 23(3): 34-36.
6. Wang Fei, Wang Gehua. Econometric Analysis Of The Impacts Of "Four-in-One"
Household Biogas Construction On Farmers' Planting Behaviors[J ]. Transactions Of The
CSAE, 2006, 22 (3): 116- 120.
7. Wang Jiuchen, et al. The Research of Decreasing Greenhouse Gas by Reproducible
Energy in China Rural region, China Agriculture Press, 2003.
II GOOD MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE
"Biogas User's Manual" was published by China Agriculture Press in 2005. It was used
as "The optimum management guideline" in Eco-farming Project operated by Central
Project Management Office (CPMO). The book have 100 pages, in this appendices, a few
pictures of the book are showed.
2



p. S.



I. Functions of Biogas
~iA  ..  ..,
. . . . . .N
An -.
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li1
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M-- - a 7
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21
-  - e e  ;   :  - -  .
e  --



IV. Integrated Utilization of Biogas Products
'.' Itt''1                           "    -   '1'ItI   .    I'C Clf
, -                                                                                 ........... .,~
-              vl   h   atcLhinsilg eggs in cl I,,
w wlte, thell dtliSinrt th *us en with,        put Ihe eggs on the egg tray,
l - y-y- / (> ~~~~1-        II;I:ill.t lil]lilt (g
W3I-r , li di,lUCt .   'et
t* I   I ii,  2
.                                                                la-  -Jr      n
keep the temiperature oii 32'C for
3 days after shell crus,hing
Haitching: Keep a constant temperature and quietness in thec hatching hiotse. TFle hiogas stove must be
used Continuously for 14 days without .rty extinguish of the lire, Oilier kinds oflereics could be applied in
ca-e t-1 biug:,. hicfn.-ec Chicks should be raised for 3 days under a temperatlre of 3O:C after shell crushing.
10



*, liP, l.   Ui .f>t 11  r      ProdrJcis
drv amd  clc, IIC st: , ill Itc             p      SC-ile  ..]
. suIn lor 1-2day,                          Weaverl or oCnon
,      bags and lIeave a, I
(  - +t   \ space ol 1/4 brhgs
e   c llillar j ri. l    t
-.IN
Seed soaked witlh digest.I l uiry: 'rvllc seed so;ikinp can bc ctarried out in hotio h otioct room of the biogas
di.VS(scrrind mtt th , I .h dII  ' 1c . I ury. Will) no mixture Cfan~ roYide slurry. Ihe seeds .ust be f illy soaked
i L,i h cIc .Jl   Il .1  T e fo lowing steps are gerrinnaliorn avcclerating and sowing. Cover the
'  r ,                .,str safetv.
ali                                     -   s .r15   test dr ,p  re,v's
y     1k-lit irc, limitl "mill ,, ' iltsII iJ rr 1iv2 liirirry  trrrr  hir l atrrg  Irc Feh-uiy  a
irma I                    inns ,nicilr  25fg  dtr m 5ka g siltrmy r fr
Oo rsl  f r  IfrIr ltillrcmrlr l sir 12 ;trtilli 5' r 2 5t   lIrlISli  lrallm rc 2ipprim,ulirm
10  m9                ~ S I  i r r   a1, i m. Ort SI r;l.,;l l,ll  I-  tIll, I. ) d rlt, I, !hi  r 1u Irrr l  rppircn !
0i1ll   lIll11r  1r r   .r ilt. 51  ,d   lI lry
4  r           -  LI Il mur  ,trir,tmsn     amamlrm  r tr;.n-e   ra i Ica
nO           IS L1 S  r*- r(r  ri  ,rr C115. 11- r-ri I  rd  i,lile  crurr:r.  o  r*rmrmr  25kc  tludue or Sr,kk5
1//                    l<rr r mI -Ir  ,rrr. 252--l ,1,,
..   ............
^r I0  0                            -.   *=                       . (,z't
(mill/m t    25kV,Wem 5(k
'1     tiiiI  f,trIr,ll>\  lmmr.rrr,l   rvrmr,mm.  51  id0o
--k .l                  r- 11 i  Cart)  0  rir l gLum  inn  rlinlml ;<ln romnrnid wirt sril
,.                            Jlrrrr.np1rircinrnlle                                  '
The digested slurry ctn he either brourudcrast applied ttr the roots or1 suhsoil atpplied in the grooves. The
digited sludge, I rej.u.r.Jd to suhbsoil applied in grooves which are dug according to lhe writer drop line of
[beIE˘C Caps t3r in 2  1 r., dal lines troil Lhte center point of thc root to tshe water drop line. 'I'he t I rL I j.C
j   and 3J0Dn in depth. Cover the sludge with soil after app)lication.
11



V. Operation and Maintenance of
the Biogas Digester
1. Sian ithe biogas diubc,cr
2.  D.ily  operaitionl -.mdl  OI;I:t'l;l'   dT ,l' iti.2 l vqIi: lr
3. Majintenunco
| 4 Safety
AL7-
*,,*
- -  --  -                                \/ t07)'0,aef,ior ,-:rl
\ w
r()
\ -
Tbe   bactena   are  jet   inn   retiirl .Ind   Lec,Ik   kilt.-ilne  Cii 11r.1111011.
12



V. oixJtratio,,n aryr! I ,.,r,n
Wo/rkiii   ,                        Woi. kingp                      Wo116ing  F
LLi
nla'lr  I  e I.- i. I;I                                                       r
,|CU&Lt4k  Ifiln. LhOl      1-10 I preL-t|
11-C 'duLl                   WOU1LHH
JiaEhch    Wl damaRge LI": cqlpl,|C1 l 1` ^
Ooruhboa                                                 r, ,I. ,  -  -
1                                   -                       p re s s u re ,  u s
Hpossible
Irc;ii]c9txl4eagtlt  /          Pe          7                (
1'L\ r nihcrer L' /   IHr.u' I~     r  ce. d~i~. \         .r / h  p   w1 dI. .,iIH.H I.~ri  h
blocked s,rr th  .   p            b pre      usc th  nau |
h wU dmag  [le e  fH.r.H1ti h wate
H-a -H tHHO HI thr l lsil
T~~~IH mUt b luatd             i               ;O             ;    -
fI g  \.
I Okpa shown by aH box                                           pipe oi
Pressure meter                           t
Ihigh pre.ssure. lovv Ill;       \1i11Us
If the hydraulic pressure Oleter slhows a pesstLHre reiHches tIlLoch la higher point thanl IIe requiled one Ior
working, such as to thle top oJ tile colutiini or to I Okpa. b y a [box PICesLUrC elelr, ald with strong lire, use the
biogas as soon * -. f.-;i.t to release tile high1 preSLre. I thllc tire is weak iunder higlh gas pressure, check the
gas pipe to identify any blockiig H)lp witil water ori foldiirg HIot the turning poirnts orilie pi p
D1, blinrk iI,g LIp of Llie gas pipe witih watcr are mainrly showtH by Huristahl burHiriig (of lie lire .i -iri,lig
flucluaLinl oi Ihe pressure indicator.       -- 87 --
13



III: LIST OF AUTHORITIES, NGOs, PUBLIC MEETINGS DURING THE STUDY AND
RESULTS OF PUBLIC MEETINGS
1. Anhui
Time: October I Ith, 2006
Address: Villagers' Team of Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an Town, Quanjiao
County
Participants: shown in the following form.
Table I Participants Registration Form of Environment Meeting in Anhui
Name                     Working Position              Female/Male     Title
Wu Xiaoshui     Agricultural Committee of Quanjiao County    Male        Cadre
Tian Jinsong   Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an    Male       Farmer
Town, Quanjiao County
Chen        Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an   Female      Farmer
Xinghua                Town, Quanjiao County
Zhang        Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an   Male        Farmer
Chuanjun               Town, Quanjiao County
Tian Jinkun    Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an   Female      Farmer
Town, Quanjiao County
Zhang        Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an   Male        Farmer
Chuansong               Town, Quanjiao County
Chen Xingfu    Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an    Male        Farmer
Town, Quanjiao County
Zhang        Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an   Male        Farmer
Zhengshan               Town, Quanjiao County
Zhang        Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an   Male        Farmer
Chuanjin               Town, Quanjiao County
Cai Yuhai     Gaozhuang Hamlet, Hongtang Village, Cao'an   Female      Farmer
Town, Quanjiao County
Feng Xiaoye     People's Congress of Cao'an Town, Quanjiao  Female       Cadre
County
Zhu Jiwen        CPPC of Cao'an Town, Quanjiao County       Male        Cadre
Luo Guomei   Women's Federation of Cao'an Town, Quanjiao    Female       Cadre
County
Xu Fusheng   Agricultural Committee of Cao'an Town, Quanjiao  Male     Technician
County
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Wu Xiaoshui: Introduction on project implementation.
Tian Jinsong: My family is cleaner and more sanitary than before since use of biogas.
Through use of methane, we indeed save a lot of time. Before, it was not clean at all.
Burning of straw spent much time and effort and there was dust everywhere at home.
Smoke was big too.
Chen Xinghua: Through use of biogas, I no longer worry about the dung of the pigs.
In the past, flies and mosquitoes were everywhere and there was no solution to waste
problems. Too bothering! Well, it's fine now. No smells. Mosquitoes are less at night.
Zhang Chuanjun: We have three acres of garden in my family. Since use of biogas,
tomatoes produced with biogas fertilizer are much sweeter. Other fruits are warmly
welcomed in the market. Vegetable pests are fewer now, and times of using vegetable
medicine are fewer too. So, many vegetable venders come to stand on queue at my home.
Tian Jinkun: At the very beginning when using biogas, we felt few effects. Later on,
through the station's door-to-door services, biogas production is much more than before.
Biogas is enough for cooking if there are no guests. But sometimes minor ailments occur
and we can not repair by ourselves. So I hope more technicians can provide door-to-door
services.
Zhang Chuansong: Life becomes more comfortable since use of biogas. Biogas stove
is as same as gas-oven. There is solar bath water heater. Country yard is clean. I am not
afraid of mosquito bites at night when enjoying the cool any more. I think my life is as
same as that of people who live in cities.
Chen Xingfu: I do not believe that biogas can bring that many benefits at the
beginning. But after reckoning I found it is good indeed. In the past I spent much in
pesticide and fertilizer each year. Now my expense is evidently decreased after using
biogas slurry and biogas residue as organic manure. I do not spend money on LPG any
more now. Take a look: each year I can save firewood of 4,000 kg, about RMB300; 60
degrees of electricity, nearly RMB50; expense on pesticides and fertilizer for RMB300,
15



and I can earn income of RMB 300 from breeding of pig. So I have total economic
benefit of RMB950.
Zhang Zhengshan: I feel it is very convenient to use biogas. I used to use straw to
burn big pot before. Now, biogas is enough. There is no need of buying LPG. Meanwhile,
profits of breeding pigs are also very good. A lot of labor and material resources are
saved.
Zhang Chuanjin: Life has been very convenient since using of biogas. Dung of pigs
and wastes in toilet are washed into the biogas tank. Daily volume is adequate enough to
light lamps and cooking. Biogas slurry is endlessly sent to vegetable garden and farmland.
I found that the pest is rarer in the fields, crops are growing very well, pesticides and
fertilizers consumption was significantly reduced. According to my initial estimates, use
of biogas can save about RMB400 and can bring profit of RMB 500 each year. Economic
benefit is RMB900 in the two items.
Cai Yuhai: I did not ardently apply for biogas last time. Now, seeing benefit of others
by using of biogas stove and biogas fertilizer, I feel regret. Next time, I will apply for it,
breed several pigs, and do a good job in the fruit garden. If the condition permits, I will
use tap water, repair the road and I believe my life will be better.
Feng Xiaoye: The new home construction project is based on biogas to readjust
agricultural structure with a series of mature technologies of planting and breeding
industry, to increase income of farmers and to improve the rural environment. It is a very
significant and welcomed public working.
Zhu Jiwen: Eco-farming project not only promotes life of farmers, reduces forest and
grass consumption and protects environment by biogas technology but also realizes
internal connection of planting and breeding, promotes development of ecological
planting and breeding industry and increases income through use of "pig-biogas-fruit"
ecological mode......
Luo Guomei: Eco-farming project focused on harmless agricultural production,
namely, establish "pollution-free agricultural" production base by use of biogas residue,
16



bioliquid organic fertilizer as well as other efficient ecological agriculture technology so
as to enhance the quality of agricultural products, and drive agricultural to the orientation
of excellent quality and high efficiency.
Xu Fusheng: "1I+ 3" will not only facilitate the remaining of human being and
animals into the pool and killing of mosquitoes, but also can effectively prevent the
spread of the disease because most parasites and bacteria are killed in the tank.......
Wu Xiaoshui: Summarize.
2. Chongqing
Time: Afternoon of November 22nd, 2006
Address: Meeting room of Village Committee of Hexing Village of Baijia Town of
Dianjiang County
Participants: As shown in the following table.
Table 2 Participants Registration Form of Environment Meeting in Chongqing
Name                  Working Position           Female/Male      Title
Yin Xihou      Agricultural Association of Dianjiang  Male     Head       of
County                              Association
Zhang      Foreign Trade Office of Chongqing Municipal  Male     Director
Dexiang              Bureau of Agriculture
Wang Jiangbo    Peoples' Congress of Dianjiang County   Male     Representative
of Peoples'
Congress
Yi Shenghua         CPPCC of Dianjiang County          Male        CPPCC
Member
Wang Jihou     Peoples' Congress of Dianjiang County   Male      Representative
of Peoples'
Congress
Pu Guoqing   Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male      Farmer
County
Deng Yiwen   Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male      Farmer
County
Wang Jifang  Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Female   Director of
County                                 Women's
Federation
17



Zhao      Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Female   Farmer
Qionghua                  County
Hu Zhifen   Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male     Farmer
County
You      Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Female   Farmer
Shaoqiong                  County
Bao Jiming  Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male     Farmer
County
Huang     Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male    Technician
Xingcheng                  County
Tao Qingli  Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male     Farmer
County
Liu      Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male     Farmer
Changyong                  County
Wang Jifang  Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male    Farmer
County
Huang     Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male     Farmer
Guangwu                   County
Zou Qizhong  Hexing Village of Baijia Town of Dianjiang  Male     Farmer
County
Yin Xihou: Project introduction.
Zhang Dexiang: Concrete content introduction.
Wang Jiangbo: The majority of farmers are very pleased that the Eco-farming project
settles in our village. Firstly we would like to express our thanks to our superiors and the
World Bank. Secondly, the overwhelming majority of farmers are eager to join the project.
Main fuel crops are Hexing village is straw and firewood. Kitchens, toilets and pig shed
of farmers are dirty and chaotic. Therefore, we urgently request that the project could be
stirred up as soon as possible. We expect that through this project we can completely
change the way we look. For a higher standard, with self-owned input of three to five
thousand Yuan and more input of farmers with better condition as well as subsidy of the
state and loan, we hope to build our own homes better, improve conditions of rural
sanitation, increase agricultural production and promote our rural economy.
Yi Shenghua: At present, farmer economic in our Hexing Village is not very good.
18



Agricultural economy needs to be developed. We broad masses of farmers eagerly
anticipate changes of sanitation environment and development of rural economy through
"1 +5" and ecological construction of our home. We hope that all levels of government
and the World Bank can give us the most preferential loans and give us great support. We
will build our homes better.
Wang Jihou: After the public disclosure, farmers in our village are very happy on this
information. We are enthusiastical to carry out "1 + 5" and the eco-farming construction. I
hope technical staff can often guide us. Particularly after the project beginning, I hope
technicians can teach us how to manage and preserve and impart information and
technology of becoming rich with biogas in order to allow the project bring good results.
Pu Guoqing: "1 +5" is very good. My family mainly depends on fruit production. I would
like to master the technology of biogas to increase fruit quality by using biogas fertilizer
on fruit trees. With support of the country and the World Bank, I am willing to put up
some money to build my orchard. We are eager to engage in this project as soon as
possible.
Deng Yiwen: This project is fine to improve environment and sanitation. There are 854
households in our village. Majorities are willing to do and more than 630 households
have applied. Construction of biogas and comprehensive utilization of biogas is of many
advantages. First, develop agricultural production and increase our income; second,
change rural sanitation and improve our health; third, it is liberation of women by
reducing their work intensity. But most of the farmers in our village are not very rich, so
we hope that the World Bank can support us. We hope with subsidiary of the country,
loan from the World Bank and self-owned fund to complete this project.
Wang Jifang: My brother is also engaged in this project. He often told us effects of biogas.
I know some, especially something about women's health and reduction of labor intensity.
We want support from superior level to complete this project together and we will
corporate. We hope that the World Bank can give us most preferential loan policies.
Zhao Qionghua: From friends and relatives we know that construction of biogas tanks is of
19



many advantages to women working and sanitation. We hope the country and the World
Bank can give us support. We will also gather fund to construct this project. Our
anticipation to this project is urgent. Meanwhile, we would like to express our thanks to
leaders and World Bank.
Hu Zhifen: Women are for the project. But we are lack of money currently, so we hope
that the government and the World Bank can support us.
You Shaoqiong: We, women in particular, hope for earlier implementation of this project.
there will be no smoke; there will be sanitary toilet, cleaner, less gynecological disease
and many other advantages. The problem is that money of each of householder is limited.
We hope to join this project supported by World Bank and State.
Bao Jiming: We lived in rural areas for several decades. Producing and living conditions
are relatively poor. The majority of farmers are eager to change our present conditions. "1
+5" brings us hope. At present, our money is not enough to pay whole investment,
therefore, we hope that the higher authorities and the World Bank can give preferential
policies on loan, the project should begin as soon as possible so we can have the
advantages earlier.
Huang Xingcheng: I am a technician for construction of biogas. It has been more than 2
years since the start of biogas national debt project. And I engaged in construction of this
project all the time. So I share a common experience with farmers: engagement of "1 + 3
changed the smoke environment lasting for generations in rural areas, changed the
traditional health habits. Leaders at all levels are very happy at the achievement.
Comparing with "1+3", in this project of "1 +5" water supply and roads is added. The
project not only changes the environment, reduce labor intensity, but also exerts
integrated biogas efficiency through combination with agricultural production. For
example, biogas can be stored to kill grain pests, and bioliquid can be used for soaking,
feeding pigs, as foliar fertilization. In short, there are many advantages. I hope that we
can catch this opportunity.
Tao Qingli: Mr Huang made a excellent delivery, which makes me understand many
20



advantages of biogas. Biogas can help us getting rich and can change environemnt. I will
take a lead in this project. Majority of farmers in the Hexing Village are for this project
and want to conduct it. But we are lack of money and techniques.
Liu Changyong: "1+5" is very good and we are all willing to conduct it. We could only
hope that the higher authorities and the World Bank give us financial support. We call on
the World Bank to give us the most preferential policies, such as giving concessions in
the interest rate and the amount of loans.
Wang Jifang: There will be of great benefits to women. With methane, we can wash with
hot water and take convenient bath, so we will have less disease. We strongly support this
project. Hope that the countries and the World Bank give us more favorable loan interest.
Huang Guangwu: The project is good for ecology and environment. Upon completion, it
will bring great advantages to our health and life, will reduce diseases, beautify our
homes and develop ecological agriculture.
Zou Qizhong: The project grated by World Bank is a beneficial to the people and the
country which can effectively improve the rural sanitation and ecological environment,
improve rural energy structure and reduce atmospheric pollution caused by burning of
coal and firewood, develop the rural economy, adjust the structure of agriculture and it is
conducive to the production of green food and pollution-free agricultural products.
Completion of this project will change the appearance of rural areas and made us getting
rich. It is a good project. We will treasure this opportunity to actively participate in this
project and build our homeland.
Zhang Dexiang: Summarize.
3. Guangxi
Time: October 17th, 2006
Address: Meeting Room of People's Government of Fangcheng District
Participants: Shown in the following table
21



Table 3 Participants Registration Form of Environment Meeting
Name                   Working Position           Female/Male      Title
Liang              Agricultural Department           Male      Deputy Head
Qinghong
Jiang Jiawen              Finance Bureau                Male      Deputy Head
Xu Wen        Agricultural Department Land Fertilizer  Male         Head
Station
Tang Xinhai     Agricultural Department of this District  Male    Deputy Head
Wen Desong       Environment Protection Bureau of this  Male      Deputy Head
District
Bao Juan         Women's Federation of the district  Female      Member of a
section
Shi Xing             Agricultural Department          Male          Head
Chen Yongseng                 CPPCC                      Male        Deputy
Chairman
He Feng              Transportation Bureau            Male      Deputy Head
Xu Kui                  Energy Office                Male         Director
Yang Guiping         Agricultural Reform Bureau         Male        Director
Chen Runhe               Sanitation Bureau             Male          Cadre
Pan Liangde              Irrigation Bureau             Male          Head
Wei Yun                Nationality Bureau             Male          Head
Liang Qinghong: Project introduction.
Xu Wen: Minority nationality in the Fangcheng District takes 19.8%, accounting for
15.2% of the poverty-stricken population. This project is designed for environmental
protection to improve the living conditions of rural households, reduce the spread of
infectious diseases, save cooking time and labor, reduce deforestation, reduce carbon
dioxide emissions, provide large amounts of organic fertilizer (bioliquid, biogas residue),
reduce fertilizer application, reduce pests.
Xu Kui: Technical training has been done well. There are 60 specialists, 180 farmer
technicians trained, 250 individuals of construction workers and 2,500 biogas tanks to be
established in accordance with the requirements of the project. Technology is guaranteed.
There are a total of 11,000 biogas tanks in this area. Some of them can not be used due to
technical problems, but they can be reformed.
22



Wen Desong: Current water quality of this district reached Class II of national standard,
air quality reached the Class II of national standard. Construction of this project in our
district, not only will not cause environmental influences, but also can improve ecological
environment, reduce soil erosion and reduce sewage discharges..
Bao Juan: Construction of this project can save more time of cooking for women to study
other techniques and improve economical capacity. In the past years, there were technical
and capital problems of agricultural biogas tank. Through construction of this project,
more technicians are to be trained and the ecological home will be better.
Chen Yongseng: Implement the project is warmly welcomed by farmers because it can
improve environment. And there will be little influence by adopting " 1 + 3 ".
Pan Deliang: I think that the new rural construction projects can play a role in
improvement of rural water supply.
Yang Guiping: Government did a lot of works for this project. From the point of ecological
agriculture, this project can provide excellent organic fertilizers, reduce discharge of
pollutant, construct fertilizer dose, which is favorable to agricultural producing and rural
environment.
Wei Yun: Biogas is very important in rural areas. 80% of the population lives in rural areas.
My hometown is in the countryside too. 50% of rural households use biogas tanks in my
hometown. Fruit quality is good. I suggest that eight construction projects to be extended
to the entire region.
4. Enshi of Hubei
Time: October 10th, 2006
Address: Meeting Room of Ecological Energy Bureau of Enshi
Participants: shown in the following table.
Table 4 Participants Registration Form of Environment Meeting in Enshi
Name              Working Position       Female/Male    Title   Nationality
Tan      Ecological and Energy Bureau of the  Male     Head       Tujia
Shuanghe               County
Su Weiping  Development and Reform Commission  Female    Head of     Han
23



of the County                         Sector
Chang             Farmer Association           Male       Head of     Tujia
Kuanwei                                                  Association
Zeng         Finance Bureau of the County     Male       Head of      Tujia
Youxiang                                                    Sector
Sheng     Tanjiaping Village of Xianfengda Road  Female   Farmer      Tujia
Zhimei
Xiang      Agricultural Environment Protection  Male       Senior     Tujia
Xintong           Station of the County                   Engineer
Ma Jinhui             Energy Office             Male      Technician    Tujia
He              CPPCC of the County          Female      CPPCC       Tujia
Changmei                                                   Member
Sheng     Agricultural Association of the County  Male    Head of     Tujia
Songyun                                                  Association
Yang Rong   Agricultural Association of the County  Female  Technician  Tujia
Huang       Science Association of the County  Male      Technician    Tujia
Dajian
Li Ping        Green Office of the County     Female     Technician    Tujia
Zhang Yi   Environment Supervising Station of the  Male   Technician    Tujia
County
Chen         Resource Bureau of the County    Male      Technician    Tujia
Shusheng
Jia Shuanghe: Project introduction.
Chang Kuanwei: Farmers are in urgent need of building biogas tanks, for saving of costs
and increasing of efficiencies. Reduce cutting of firewood and burning of coal. 2.5-ton
of coal is needed in each household and only 1 ton of coal needed in winter after use of
biogas, saving 1.5 tons. RMB450 is to be saved. Meanwhile, agricultural product quality
is increased and of output is increased nearly 10%. This project will also improve the
living environment, improve bad hygiene habits, reduce eye disease, respiratory disease,
and reduce the incidence of the disease since human being and animals are to be
separated after reform of toilet and animal shed, and mosquito eggs are to be killed after
anaerobic fermentation remaining of human being and livestock. Unnecessary space for
firewood can be saved and thus appearance of the village is to be improved, which may
cause positive influence to spiritual civilization of farmers. Harmonious relations
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between cadres and masses are to be improved, which can strengthen combating force of
party groups. Farmers increase number of pigs from two to five head. Pool building can
protect the ecological environment and reduce C02 and S02 emission, which caters to
construction of Enshi County.
Xiang Xinjiong: Strengthening the eco-home construction with biogas is breakthrough. It
is compliant with conditions of the county and people. It will cause positive impact for a
harmonious society and it is of fine social basis. It brings benefits from the following
three ways: ecological benefits, increase coverage and reduce soil erosion; more than
10% of Enshi is sloping farmland, taking 72% of the total cultivated land; from the late
1990s hills of returning farmland to forest is 2 million mu. The atmosphere, soil, water
pollution is reduced. SO2 is a major pollutant in our county and it can reduce fluoride
dental caries incidence. Pig breeding is the pillar industries in our county. This project is
favorable to generations and generations. Difficult capital investment is insufficient and
feasibility of the World Bank constructing this project is high bank.
Sheng Zhimei: I would like to express my thanks to advantages of construction of biogas
tanks: 1, women's liberation. In the past, we women spent long time in cooking, and there
was ablaze smoke which made eyes hard to open. Time for cutting firewood is saved too.
2, savings funds. 3, reduce the incidence of disease. 4, increase revenue. more breeding of
pigs increases our revenue. The difficulties: lack of funds in transportation inconvenient
part. High freight costs increased costs. Migrant workers of many families are of low
income. There is only one woman left at home. Wanting to establish the biogas tank,
which banks are not willing and dare not to grant loan.
He Changmei: In 2000 there were less than 8,000 households using biogas in the county
when biogas construction was started. Charitable start of the project in 2000 prompted
400 households in one year. At present, the county is of more than 80,000 households.
Advantages: the protection of forests and vegetation since replacement of firewood by
biogas. Labor intensity of rural women is reduced and it is warmly welcomed by women.
Spread of disease is reduced since eggs causing disease are killed. Increase the income of
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farmers; mainly through reduce the energy and fertilizer expenses. Save working hours
(30 days per year) of cut firewood. Added value of agricultural products is increased by
utilization of biogas fertilizer. Farmers' culture level is promoted and local endemic is
reduced.
Zeng Youxiang: Current problems: big gap of lack of capital. Repayment of loans is paid
by government in Enshi Prefecture. This year's task has been over the budget, some
farmers' subsidies can not be encashed. Enshi is a national poor county. Environmental
benefit engendered by this project is belonging to the whole world, instead of the single
county. The county makes environmental contribution to the people of the world with a
little fiscal income. We hope that the World Bank should provide preferential policies, for
example, increase in grants, while reducing the number and evaluation procedures,
reducing of unquantitative indicators for reduce of costs. For example, the reduction of
rural disease and the occurrence of diseases are a number of factors that will take time
and process. A period of short time is very difficult to quantify. It is difficult to say clearly.
Change of living environment is definitely good. There are several indicators that are
difficult to quantify so that we hope the World Bank will give special funds to reduce
expenditure items.
5. Hunan
Time: Morning of October 13th, 2006
Address: Tiane Village, Huilongpu Town, Ningxiang County, Changsha City, Hunan
Province
Participants: Shown in the following form.
Table 5 Participants Registration Form of Environment Meeting in Hunan
Name                Working Position      Female/Male      Title
He Wei      Agricultural Department of the county  Male     Head
He Lianghui     Dongfeng Team of Tiane Village  Male         Farmer
Dai Ciyuan      Dongfeng Team of Tiane Village  Female      Farmer
Hua Sheng       Qingshan Team of Tiane Village  Male        Farmer
Xie Xuehua       Xinwu Team of Tiane Village  Female         Farmer
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Wang Lihui              Tiane Village             Male          Farmer
Xie Pinghui       Xinwu Team of Tiane Village     Male           Farmer
Chen Long     Agricultural Department of Ningxiang  Male       Technician
County
Huang Xinhui   Agricultural Department of Ningxiang  Male       Technician
County
He Shunxian    Huilongpu Town of Ningxiang County  Male      Engage in farming
Wang Xianbing     Tiane Village of Huilongpu Town   Male      Engage in farming
He Ganzhou       Tiane Village of Huilongpu Town  Male      Engage in farming
He Zhengming      Tiane Village of Huilongpu Town  Male      Engage in farming
Chen Jianshan    Tiane Village of Huilongpu Town   Male      Engage in farming
Yuan Keping      Tiane Village of Huilongpu Town   Male      Engage in farming
Zhang Qiaosheng    Tiane Village of Huilongpu Town  Male       Engage in farming
Tan Aiying      Tiane Village of Huilongpu Town  Female     Engage in farming
Hu Dingkun       Tiane Village of Huilongpu Town  Male      Engage in farming
Liu Ruixing     Rural Energy Office of Ningxiang  Male          Director
County
Zhang Bo       Environment Protection Department  Male           Head
of Ningxiang County
Zhang Shuqing     Agricultural Technique Center of  Male         Director
Ningxiang County
Shi Hongcheng     Agricultural Technique Center of  Male         Technician
Ningxiang County
Zhang Xinxia     Agricultural Technique Center of  Female       Technician
Ningxiang County
He Wei: Project introduction.
He Lianghui: This is a good project and a major event reflecting concern of the
government. Biogas has been carried out here for one part. Total implementation in our
village is expected. The office of Agricultural Department in my village has done a lot of
work. The initial project was particularly good. Tiane Village is brought into the new
countryside plan. Suggest expanding of radius because follow-up services have not being
kept up. Installation of biogas pipelines is not good and switch place is inappropriate.
Now cooking, water heating and manuring with bioliquid and biogas residue is of almost
the same effect as that of LPG. But there is some pressure leakage.
Yuan Keping: Technician training is not enough. Technical services should be
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strengthened. This project is favorable to income of farmers, growth of pigs and
improvement of environment. Suggest greater reform of toilets.
Zhang Qiaosheng: Suggest publicity of this project and management being
put-into-place. In the past farmers were not willing to establish biogas tanks while they
are all willing to.
Li Bincai: We warmly welcome settling of this project in Ningxiang, which is
conducive to development of producing. Suggest: leaded by the Agricultural Department
and provided technique service by the Rural Energy Office; strengthen technical service
and increase service intensity.
Zhang Shuqing: Agricultural environment in Ningxiang is fine. 0.861 million mus
have been certified as green food bases, and 16 species of products were identified as
pollution-free agricultural products.
Liu Ruixin: Currently there are 60,000 biogas tanks in the whole county, which
involves 35 towns and technical team have more than 200 people. Last year, 3880 tanks
were build, 24 senior technicians, 236 intermediate craftsmen and some junior
technicians joined us. 15 officials worked in Energy Office. Farmers are greatly warmed
with the project. RMB600-800 of coal can be saved in one household. Investment can be
returned within 3 years. Eco-farming project is good for agriculture structure
readjustment.
He Shunxian: This project turned some small breeders into big ones. Biogas fertilizer
is better than farmyard manure. Farmers' way of life is changed. Environment of yard is
changed. Disease transmission is reduced. In the past risk of disease transmission is huge
because farmyard manure is applied after short retention time. Problems: farmers have not
enough cash, thus loan is needed. Mastering of techniques is difficult and repairing
problem is big. There is only 6 technical service station, thus social service system is to
be strengthened.
Liu Ruixin: New service way should be tried to be more effective, such as membership payment.
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IV: THE NAMES OF CONSULTANT'S TEAM MEMBERS AND THEIR
RESPONSIBILITIES
Woking distribution: the report is compiled by the Environmental Impact Assessment
Center of China Agricultural University; concrete assignment is shown in the following
table:
Assignment Distribution Form
Name           Title             Chapters
Song Ruiping   Lecturer          Chapter 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Qiao Yuhui     Associate Professor  Chapter 1, 2
Wang Zhichao   Engineer          Cartography
Xia Lijiang    Professor         Auditing
V: THE CONSULTANT'S CURRICULUM VITAE
During the working process of this report, we consulted many people on project
management and technicians in the first line and they are:
Tan Shuanghe: Enshi Rural Energy Bureau of Hubei Province
Xiang Xinjiong: Enshi Agricultural Environment Protection Supervising Station of Hubei
Province
Xu Xianchun: Foreign Trade Center of Agricultural Department of Hunan Province
Zhan Keshe: Foreign Trade Department of Agricultural Committee of Anhui Province
Tao Xuejun: Rural Energy Promotion Station of Anhui Province
Chen Weichao: Foreign Investment Projects Management Center of Guangxi Province
Zhang Dexiang: Agricultural Department of Chongqing Municipality
Tang Shiming: Agricultural Department of Chongqing Municipality
More than that, Ms. Hao Xianrong (China Biogas Research Institute) helped us a lot on
technical materials and parameters, which is very important to the project team. Here,
please allow us to extend our heartfelt gratitude.
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