WORKSHOP NYANGA,DECEMBER 16- 17,1993 VOLUME I. SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS -. (Ministq of Transport & EnergylWorld Bank) CONTENTS Page I. Acknowledgement 11. List of Acronyms 111. Executive Summary IV. Introduction V. Opening Session A. Opening Remarks; J. Moyo B. Official Opening Speech;The Hon. D. Norman VI. Summary of Working Papers DOERD Position Paper; C.T. Mzezewa World Bank, S. Brushett World Bank, ILF. Schenk ETSU Paper I: A, Gilchrist ETSU Paper 2: R. Spencer ZESA Presentation :D.D. Madzikanda ZABO Energy Task Force: R.H.A. Williams Zimbabwe Phosphate Industries: G.T. Rushwaya DOERD: EconomistPoint of View: J.J. Mangono Consumer Council of Zimbabwe: M. Nyambuya VII. Group Discussions A. Overall Vision and Mission B. Sector Coverage C. Fuel Coverage D. Short and Medium Term Aims E. Benefits F. Role of Government G. Type of Activities Envisaged for the NEEIP VIII. Workshop Recommendations A. Legal and Institutional Arrangements B. Funding C. Coordination D. Human Resources E. Implementing Strategy IX. Minister'sConcludingRemarks X. Wrap-up A. General B. ESMAP Follow-up C. ETSU Follow-up XI. Annexe .. Annex I: Agenda Annex 11. List ofParticipants Annex 111. WorkshopDiscussion Groups I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This executive summary is a result of a two-day symposium on "National Energy Efficiency Improvement Programme (NEEIP)",held at Nyanga, 16-17December 1993. A host of experts in the energy and related fieldsparticipated: energy economists and planners, farmers, energy scientists, engineers,donors, industrialists, policy makers, bankers, financial analysts and academics. Particular thanks are due to the World Bank which sponsoredthe workshop, SIDA who provided funding through the Bank and the Departmentof Energy Resources and Development (DOERD) within the Ministry of Transport and Energy (MOT & E), which organized the symposium. We are specially indebted to those personswho authored session papers: J. Moyo, C.T. Mzezewa, K.F. Schenk, S. Brushett, A. Gilchrist,R. Spencer,D.D. Madzikanda, R.H.A. ~illiarns,'G.T. Rushwaya, J.J. Mangono, M. Nyambuya. C. Murove (DOERD) did the painstaking job of pre-Workshop organization. The workshop was steered well on course by the able chairmanshipof J. Moyo. The rapporteur of the workshop was G. Mandishona,who freely summarized the sessionpapers. Any errors or omissions are regretted. Special thanks are extended to all participants whose deliberationsand comments were occasionallycaustic, often critical, but always stimulating. The Report is compiled in two volumes: Vol. 1:Summaryof Proceedings Vol. 2: The Working Papers. ..................G.Mandishona. (Rapporteur) . 1.1994 LIST OF ACRONYMS ADB: African Development Bank. BUN: Biomass Users Network. ccz: Consumer Council of Zimbabwe. CIDA: Canadian International Development Agency. DOERD: Departmentof Energy Resources and Development. DSM: Demand Side Management. ESAP: Economic and StructuralAdjustment Programme. ESMAP: Energy SectorManagement AssistanceProgramme. ETSU: Energy Technical Support Unit. GEF: Global EnvironmentalFacility. MOT & E: Ministry of Transport and Energy. NEEIP: National Energy Efficiency ImprovementProgramme. NOCZIM: National Oil Company of Zimbabwe. NRSE: New and Renewable Sources of Energy. R & D Research and Development. SAZ: StandardsAssociation of Zimbabwe. SIDA: SwedishInternationalDevelopment Agency. SIRDC: Scientificand Industrial Research and Development Centre. UNDP: UnitedNations Development Programme. ZABO: Zimbabwe Association of Business Organizations. ZEEP: Zimbabwe Energy Efficiency Project. ZESA: Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LNTRODUCTION Objectivesof the workshop were to develop: - a strategic fiarnework for the NEEIP and implementation guidelines. - institutionalcapacity in the energysectorand integrate energy efficiency activitiesinto the developmentplan. - a platform for free debateon energyefficiency and related programmes. Participantsto the workshop were drawn fiom a variety of disciplines:engineers, economists, producers, consumers, academics, donors and energy enthusiasts. OPENING SESSION In his opening remarks, the Permanent Secretaryof the Ministry of Transport and Energy, J. Moyo, introduced the Minister, the Hon. D. Norman. He reminded participants that the workshop should aim to establisha working ikunework for the efficient use of all formsof energy: electricity,coal, liquid fuel, biomass, wind and hydro. Mentionwas made on a number of institutionalmodels which could achieve energy efficiency in various forms; and of other related initiativesunderway; ZEEPand the SADC energy project. The Hon. Minister, D. Norman, extended a warm welcome to participants and commendedon their diversity and high calibre. Energy efficiency should narrow . the gap between energy supply and demand. To achieve an optimal breakthrough, there is need to examine the factorswhich determinethe implementation, acceptance and spread of energy efficiencyactivities. Energy consumption is affected by consumers, producers, equipment, type of power utility, fiscal policy and funding. 4. Energy is manifested in various facets of the economy, and it requires vast initial capital investment. Further, we should opt for an energy supply which is both cost effective and environmentally safe. Formulation of energy efficiency programmes requiresskilled manpower; hence the need to have intensive training schemes. There will be severalrole players in the energy eficiency programme: Government, industry, parastatalsand households. 5. The Hon. Minister declared the workshopofficially open, after acknowledgingthe good work of ESMAP and others, who contributed to the realizationof the symposium. C. CONTRIBUTEDPAPERS 1.1 Mr. Mzezewa (Director, DOERD) gave the Department's position paper. Zimbabwe is endowed with a rich energy resource base, constituting;coal, hydroelectricity, biomass, solar and wind power. It imports all the petroleum hels. The finalelectricity consumptionhas the order: industry (46%), residential (17%), mining (16%), commerce (12%), agriculture(9%), transport (0.3%). Liquid fuelsconsumptionranks transport, indusby, commerceand agriculture, in that order. 80%of the national population, mostly rural-based, depends on biomass. 1.2 The Governmentenergy policy seeksto ensure; adequatdsafe suppliesof energy using indigenous resources, promotion of R & D and use of NRSE, environmental sustainabilityand efficientutilization of energy. Barriersto energy efficiency are; high initial costs of capitalisation,lack of forex, and of skilled personnel, low capacityutilizationand long rates of investment return DOERD is involved in other energy projects such asthe ZEEP, which has several phases: project design, . demonstrations,evaluation, training and publicity. 2.1 S. Brushett (World Bank)expressed the Bank's pleasure in being involved with the energy efficiency programme through ESMAP. The World Bank continues to support Zimbabwe with a strong energy efficiencyfocus. Capital investment projects, such as Hwange, ESMAP, and G.E.F. are being undertaken with the Bank's support, and with a view to develop energy efficient resources. 2.2 K.F.Schenk(World Bank)stressedthat energyefficiency should be the cutting edge of the national energy policy, because it improves overall economic efficiency, reduces energy imports and conservesthe environment. There are several prerequisites before achieving energy efficiency: economic1politica1 stability, sound pricing policiesand standards,promotion of private investment, sound environmentalpolicy, R & D in energy efficient technologies, and finance. Energy efficiency programmes must be spreadout in industries, buildings, transportation, households, and public utilities. 3.1 A. Gilchrist (ETSU)pointed to his organization's involvementin energy efficiency projects in Africa and Europe. Steeprises in energy costs and , concern for environmentalimpacts have created the energy efficiencyawareness. Six basic generic methods for energy eficiency improvementprogrammes were mentioned, with advantagesand disadvantagesfor each programme spelt out. 3.2 Critical success factors in the NEE!P would be: a sound policy/institutional framework, supportingtechnology and services infrastructure,and information collection/database. Success should be viewed fiom the individual, company and institutional standpoints. 3.3 R. Spencer (ETSU) elaborated on the subtle relationship between energy utility and the consumer. Energy efficiency should be targeted to the rural sector, where the available biomass is not optimally utilized. Load-limiting and meter-limiting techniques should be complemented by a vigorous energy efficiencydevelopment- programme. 4.1 The Z.E.S.A. paper was presented by D.D. Madzikanda, whose main contention was that Zimbabwe has a relatively high load factor electricity system (72% annually, 83%daily). Heavy load frtctorsalso arise in industrial and mining night shift work. Energy efficiency should furtherbe promoted in new building designsand co-generation systems. 4.2 Government,energy supplier and consumershould get together to work out an electricity energy efficiencyscheme. Some incentivesare: customerrebates, subsidies, and vendor incentives for energy efficiency appliancepurchases. 5.1 R.H.A. Williams (Z.A.B.O.) gave e.xamplesof energyeficiency programmes in industry; and mentioned the study carried out by a special task force during the 1992electricityrationing. Several industriesvoluntarily undertook stepsto cut down on electricity usage. To achieveenergy efficiency, there is need for consumereducation, existenceof an enabling environment,and improvement in producer-customer relations. 6.1 G.T. Rushwaya (Zimb. Phos. Industries): During the 1992energy crisis,the company devised an energy efficiency programme on the basis of "no cost" or "low cost" measures. Some of the activities included: repairs to air leaks, switching off unnecessary lights, insulation of vessels, use of efficient lighting, revamping instrumentation and water conservation. The adopted energy efficiencymeasures yielded an 11% energy reduction in costs. 7.1 J.J. Mangono (DOERD)pointed out that Zimbabwecould generatea lot more energy if energy efficiencypractices are adopted. Total reduction in electricity consumptioncan be of the order of 22% 6f total consumption. Barriers to energy efficiency are: consumer ignorance, uncertainty on savingsand lack of capital to procure energy efficient appliances. 7.2 Governmentshould play a decisiverole in establishingan energy efficiency programme; which includes; provision of finance, promotion of R. & D., developmentof database on energy use, and inclusionof energy efficiencytopics in schools and colleges. 8.1 The Consumer Council of Zimbabwe was represented by M. Nyambuya (Director), who initially pointed to the importanceof energy in industry, trade, mining, agriculture and domestic households. Z.E.S.A9smonopoly as the sole utility supplier is to be discouraged. NOCZIM should ensure that there will be enough fuel stocks for the present and h r e needs, and should take steps to prevent devaluation and inflation from distorting consumer prices. D. GROUP DISCUSSIONS 1. Participants were split into four groups for effectivedeliberation on the NEEIP, under the topics: overall mission, sector and fuel coverage, short and medium term aims. 2. The workshop had been tasked to find a satisfactory formula for a more efficient and equitable distributionof energy resources. Participants would identify approaches for sustainedenergy efficiency through optimal resource mobilization, allocation and utilization. 3. NEEIP's overall objectives are to mitigate short-termenergy supply problems and price rises, coordinate energy eff~ciencyat national level, raise public awareness on all forms of energy and its efficientuse, reduce pollution, improve health and living standards for all. The sectors to be covered are: industry and mining, transport and agriculture,commerce and domestic residences. 4. Fuel coverage, constitutingof indigenous and imported fuels, comprises: electricity, coal, liquid fuels, biomass, renewables (solar,wind, biogas, hydro). Biomass is a vastly untapped energy resource. 5 . The short and medium-term aims of the NEEIP are: to assist and support both energy suppliers and consumers. - to ensure a benign environment. to ensure cost-effectivenessof energy use. - to ensure efficient and equitabledistribution of available energy. to promote R.& D. in energy efficiency and use of "renewables." 6. Government's role should be that of a policy making body. It should ensure energy efficiency legislation, setting up of standards, establishing fiscal incentives, rational pricing and programme management mechanisms. 7. Government should also:- - identify barriers to implementation - enact enabling legislation - create an energy efficiency database - set up an advisory body and appropriate infrastructure. The duties of the advisory body or Consultative Committee (or Coordinating Committee) include: - formulate the energy efficiencypolicy and its implementation ' strategy. - invoke policy cocktailsfor coordinating,monitoring and evaluating the implementation~progressof the energy efficiency programme. - ensure inclusionof the energy efficiencyprogramme within the national development plan. - build a sound energy efficiencymanpower force. - advise Government of the energy eficiency benefits and impacts; on industriaVeconomicprogrammes. - maintain the current momentum of the energy efficiency development initiative. 8. There is urgency in identifyinga host organization of the NEEIP (e.g. SIRDC's Institute of Energy). In establishing the NEEIP, the followingshould be considered: maintenance of consistency between energy efficiency objectives and other related strategies. - reflection of the socio-technical realities. - creation and encouragement of a critical mass of energy enthusiasts (Energy Champion) to spearheadenergy efficiencyprogrammes. E. WORKSHOP RECOMMENDATIONS 1. An effective energy efficiency policy should include the fo1,lowingcomponents: rationale, goals, objectives, targets, implementationstrategy, institutional and organizational frameworks. It therefore follows, that NEEIP activities ought to embrace: - formulation of a strategyand drawing up of an energy efficiencyplan. setting up a Consultative Committee and infrastructure. The Steering Committee's role will be backstopping,trouble-shooting,consultative and coordiiation. fund raising: the NEEIP will be of semi-parastatalstatus, so that it functions autonomously and has fiscal independence. - se,ttingup of standards and codes of practice. establishing fiscal incentives for both energy producers and consumers. promoting R. & D., Renewablesand Publicity. - fostering twinning arrangementof ESMAP and ETSU to facilitateNEEIP activities. - carrying out energy audits. - publicising success stories. 2. In noting the above, it becomes clearer that the NEEP will have four stages of evolution: - assignment of responsibility for development of energy efficiency activities; preferably in the proposed SIRDC's Institute of Energy, which will be a quasi-Governmentorganization,capable of executing its mandate independently. publicity and awareness campaignto ensure maximum utilizationof - participative and consultativeapproaches. implementation plan and action programmes. - execution/accessibility and availabilityof energy efficiency services. 3. Human Resources requirementsshould call for highly qualifiedpersonnel in the administrative,scientificltechnical,marketing, financial and economic fields. There should be attractive packages to retain the servicesof skilled personnel. 4. DOERD (with technical assistance, if possible) will review legalities on the institutionalsetting and status of the SIRDC, ScientificResearch Council and the proposed Instituteof Energy, in as far as they reflect on the NEEIP. 5. The integrationof energy efficiency (by NEEIP) into the overall national energy policy involves: - diagnosis: demonstratingthe interplay of energy efficiency and economic objectives. - prognosis: examining and identifyingwhich energy efficiency trends will contributeto realizable benefits. - sectoral planning: identifyingpotential energy efficiency programmes in different areas of economicactivity, via-a-vis complete sector and fuel coverage; indicators for monitoring sectoral energy efficiency. - integrated energy planning: spatial rationalizationand diffusion of energy efficiency. - policy formulation: determination of energy efficiencyobjectives and targets in terms of their contribution to the economy; policy guidelines. 6. Lastly, an Advisory Board should be established,with a tripartite structure: Government, Energy Producers and Energy Consumers. It is expected to provide logistic direction,monitoring, counselling and accountability for the NEEIP. This t CoordinatingUnit will have the mandate for: instituting the NEEIP and specifyingits terms of reference. logisticsto set up the NEEIP; budget and allocation of funds. - generatingawareness of the need for-energyefficiency. - strengtheninglinkages and formalisationof cooperationamong producers and users of energy. IV. INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Transportand Energy, in collaboration with The World Bank, jointly resolved to hold a workshop to discuss the objectives, aims and goals of the National Energy Efficiency Improvement Programme (NEEIP),taking into consideration the modes of its implementation. TheNEEIP is expectedto focus on all sectors of the Zimbabweaneconomy. The workshop objectiveswere to develop: - a strategich e w o r k for the NEEIP. institutional guidelines and mechanism for ensuring effective implementationof the programme. - strengtheningof the institutionalcapacityto identify strategic issues in the energy sector. - integration of energy efficiency activities into policy formulation. - ability to formulatepresent and future viable integrated energy strategies. Participantsto the workshop were drawn horn a multiplicity of disciplines: energy engineers, economists, farmers, industrialistsand energy consumers. The fmdings of the workshop were expectedto includeobservations on energy use in Zimbabwe, identification of major actors and Governmentstructuresrelated to energy efficiency. The symposiumfurther deliberated on generic types of energy efficiency improvementprogrammes undertaken world-wideand some models to implement them. The overall objectiveof the workshopwas to arrive'at a consensusas to what will work vis-a-vis, energyefficiency programmes. It was not the intention of the workshop to impose recommendationson the best approaches,but rather to provide a platform for free debatewhereby participants thought through key issues. V. OPENING SESSION A. Opening Remarks: J. Moyo, Permanent Secretary, MOT & E. 1. The PS welcomed the Honourable Minister and participants to the workshop, whose major aim is to establish a strategic framework for the efficientuse of all forms of energy: electricity, coal, liquid fuel and biomass. The workshop was expected to come up with policies that would contributeto the efficient utilizationof energy. 2. Mention was made on a number of institutionalmodels that can be adopted for achieving energy efficiency: agency based information programme, grant-based programme, utility-based demand side . management @SM) programme, stimulation of supply industry, contract energy management or regulationlstandards. Donors and financiers are expected to play a crucial role, since project implementationdoes require initial capital. 3. Mr. Moyo pointed to other energy efficiency initiativesunderway; ZEEP and the SADCenergy project; which would also fall under the framework of the NEEIP. Although some energy efficiency programmes have worked well in other countries, these may need to be modified accordingly to suit the Zimbabwean situatior,. Mr. Moyo urged participants to work conscientiously in considering various aspects when formulatingenergy efficiency policies and strategies. B. Official Opening Speech: The Hon. D. Norman, Minister of Transport and Energy. 1. Mr. Norman extended a warm welcome to participants of the workshop, and commended on their diversity and high calibre. He emphasized on the appreciation of the role of energy efficiency in bridging the gap between energy supply and demand. Some improvements in energy efficiency are not reaching out to society as rapidly as they should. Hence, there is need to examine the factors which determine the implementation,acceptanceand spread of energy efficiency activities. 2. Energy consumption is shaped by a variety of factors: consumers,equipment, power utility, fiscal policy, funding, etc. Thus,to achieve energy efficiency, action is needed at several levels; from the end-user to the highest level of global agencies. 3. Energy is manifested in various forms of the economy: secures steady flow of goods and services, refrigerates food, pumps water, mines minerals, manufactures and transports goods. These benefits come at a price; energy requires vast capital investment; energy can damage the environment. For developing countries, it is thus expedient to opt for an energy supply which is both cost effective and safe. 4. Scientific advances have brought about more energy efficient and less polluting products and appliances. However, this is an evolving strategy. Government commitment is crucial in the implementation of such programmes; and MTE is giving its long-term backing. The Ministry is also setting an example by importing and utilizing energy efficiency electricalappliances in its buildings. 5 . Formulation of energy efficiency programmes will require skilled manpower, hence the need for the Ministry to embark on extensiveand intensive training programmes. 6. The Minister emphasizedthat promotion of energy efficiency should not stop at paper studies, but ought to permeate other aspects, such as; inducing, persuading, mandating and financing. Energy efficiencysavings should be analysed in terms of energy savings compared to the cost of providing the additional supply. 7. Mr. Norman declared the workshop officially open, after thanking the Energy Sector Management AssistanceProgramme(ESMAP), and others; who contributed to the success of the symposium. VI. SUMMARY OF WORKING PAPERS A. DOERD POSITION PAPER: NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME C.T. Mzezewa, Director, DOERD. 1. Zimbabwe's energy resource base consists of 10.6 billion tons of coal reserves (2 billion tons. mineable), 39 TWH p.a. hydroelectric potential, 13million tons p.a. fuelwood,solar radiation 3000 hourslyear sunshine and windspeeds averaging 3mJs(low regime). 2. Zimbabwe imports all its petroleum fuels requirements. Primary energy supply is made up of coal (44%), fuelwood (39%), hydropower (4%), . molasses/bagasse (2%), importof petroleum products and electricity 1 1%). In terms of final consumptiona total of 261 OOOTJ is consumed by residential (47.8%), industry (24.1%), agriculture (12.5%), transport (8.8%), mining (3.0%) and commerce (3.9%). The final electricity consumption has the followingorder: industry (46.2%), residential (17.3%), mining (15.5%), commerce (11.7%), agriculture (8.9%), transport (0.3%). 3. The liquid fuels consumption ranks highest in the sectors; transport, industry, commerce and agric:llrure, in that order. 4. Solar radiation, though fairly abundant, is being used at negligible levels. There is search (limited chances)for hydrocarbon deposits in the Zarnbezi valley, and coalbed methane in the Hwange area and South Eastern lowveld (Chiredzi). 5. SO% of the national population depends on biomass. Only 13% - 16% of the population has access to electricity for domestic use. 6. The Government energy policy enunciates: adequatelsafe suppliesof energy to all sectorsof the economy. ' efficient utilization of all energy resources. utilization of indigenous resources. R. & D.; promotion of New and Renewable Sourcesof Energy (NRSE). Integrated energy planning; optimal mix through pricing. - environmental sustainability. regional cooperation. 7. The DOERD participated in the CIDA Energy Conservation Programme (1987 - 91). The major objectiveswere: - to develop further the ongoing initiative, - to createawareness, - to develop database and energy audits, to promote training and workshops in the energy conservation field. 8. The barriers to energy efficiency are: low energy costs in comparison to total production costs, lack of forex, expensive materials, lack of skilled personnel, low capacity utilization, low investment incentive, benefits tend to be long-term. , 9. ESAP has imposed additional requirements on the energy strategy: - reduction in the cost of energy,production, environmental concern, promotion of NRSE. 10. ZEEP is an initiative between the DOERD and the International Energy Initiative, which is aimed at developing and implementinga comphrehensiveelectrical energy efficiencyprogramme. Some of the proposed tasks are as follows: Project design and implementation emo on strati on sub Projects Analysis: Critical Path item on the Work Plan Training and Public Awareness; linkages with other programmes. Policy levers (instruments to create an enabling environment). 11. Conclusion - Large potential exists in terns of energy efficiency. Hence there is need for energy audit services. - barriers have been identified: - relatively low costs of energy (as a proportion of total production costs). - lack of awareness - absence of an effective programme. funding constraint. - inadequate management systems and lack of forex. lack of monitoring on energy consumption or savings. - workshop should therefore recommend a sustainable strategic framework for energy efficiency; which identifies key role players and ensures its nationwidedissemination. - adoption of low and no-cost measures is slightly higher than for - capital-cost measures in the initial stages. B. S. Brushett; World Bank 1. The Bank has been pleased to be associatedwith the energy efficiency programmethrough ESMAP. It expects to continue supporting Zimbabwe in promoting energy efficiency. Preparation of a Power IV project is expected to start in 1994. This will have a strong energy efficiency focus. 2. Various capitalinvestment projects have already been intertained by the Bank in the power and energy sector: e.g. Hwange. Through GEF, development of new sources of energy are expectedto be financed. These have had undertones of energy efficiency promotion, alternative energy sourcesand power sector investment planning. 3. The Bank notes the strong link between ESAP and energy efficiency promotion, the latter now being spurred by greater external capitalisation and higher power tariffs. These links need to be supported by our appropriate institutional framework. K.F. Schenk; World Bank Brief Overview of Energy Efficiency Policy Issues 1. The Bank endeavoursto identify key elements in energy efficiency policy to assist in achieving a sustainable impact in the promotion of optimal energy objectives. The underlying concept requires decisions to be made within an overall integrated energy strategy which realizes the most efficient, equitableand sustainable use of resources. 2. The availability of a reliable energy supply is vital for the sustained economic and social benefit. For an integrated energy strategy coordination must be maintained within governmentto ensure consistency with economic development objectives. 3. Energy efficiency should be the cutting edge of a country's national energy policy. For; - it improves economic efficiencyand competitiveness it enhances energy security by reduced energy imports. - it increases efficiency in the use of scarce energy resources. it conserves the finite global energy reserves. - it reduces adverse environmentalimpacts. 4. Good management is central to achieving energy efficiency. Very often, the payback period for the additional investment in energy savings is less than two years. 5. There are four critical factors fiom the World Bank's experience, with regard to differences in the efficiency of energy production and enduse. (i) Energy pricing policies: Prices should be set at levels as close as possible to economic costs, or to the long-run costs of additional supplies. They should reflect the total cost of producinglimporting and delivering energy (free of subsidies). The efficient use of energy does not require a subsidy. (ii) Regulation of Energy Supplies: - transparency and openness, including tariff policy. - legal framework for dromoting autonomy of energy enterprises. - accounting for environmentalissues. (iii) Protection from competition of energy - using industries: Energy efficiency consumptionis directly related to existence of private sector firms in competitivemarkets. Protected industries generally consume more energy per unit of output than do un-protected ones. (iv) Barriers to the efficient functioning of markets: usually caused by legal, institutionaland information hindrances. Market imperfectionsinclude: informationgaps on energy efficienttechnology and options. lack of coherent government policy to encourageenergy efficiency. - lag of consumer's response to price changes when energy costs represent a small proportion of total costs or there is a limited availability of energy efficiency equipment. - consumers' high implicit discount for energy efficiency investments. - general availabilityof energy inefficientappliances, equipment and structures; or absence of such codes and standards. 6. Elements for Achieving Energy Efficiency: (i) Economic stability and growth: this creates an enabling environment. Good governance demands accountability, transparency,predictability,opennessand adherence to the rule of law. (ii) Sound Pricing Policies: inefficient prices cause distortionsin consumptionpatterns. (iii) Sound regulatory policies: to increase efficiency of resource utilization. (iv) Consumer services,on a commercial basis, to encourage end-use efficiency. (v) Openness to private investment: to fostereconomic efficiency. (vi) Addressing and improving rural energy supplies. (vii) Sound Environmental Policy: pollution abatement. (viii) R & D in energy efficient technologies; public and private sector involvement; policy instruments and finance. Prioritiesfor Energy Efficiency Programs: - must be tailored to the specificcountry situation. (i) Energy Intensive Industries: steel, cement, pulplpaper, fertilizer. (ii) Electric Power Sector:efficiency, emission controls, power loss reduction, optimal resource management. (iii) Large commercial and public buildings: energy efficiency codes, audits and retrofits. (iv) Transportation; traffic management, fuel quality monitoring, fuel standards, taxes and duties on vehicles, fuel pricing. (v) Electricity end-use efficiency: lights, pumps, appliances, water heating, standards. (vi) Residential building design: efficientlighting, water heating, air conditioning. (vii) Households: interfuel substitution, improved cookstoves, efficient lighting systems. D. ETSU PAPER I: A. Gilchrist 1. ETSU is involved in energy efficiency projects in Africa and in Europe. Steep rises in energy costs and concern for pollution abatement have resulted in increased awarenessof energy efficiency. Energy efficiency also implies efficient use of electricity, e.g. in electric motors and meters. 2. So far very little information exists on energy management or on how to measure and monitor energy efficiency. However, there are six basic generic methods for energy efficiency improvement programmes: (i) Agency-based Information Programmes: These are marketing, seller-buyer types. They are characterized by a variety of salient elements: distrust, literaturelleaflets, advertisements, demonstration/case study programmes. Advantages are high benefit-to-cost ratio, wide coverage of sectorlfuel publicity. They cover a variety of technical and management issues; information is readily available and results are quick to come by. Disadvantages: no guaranteed action; need for an efficient central focus; some sectors are difficult to deal with in terms of savings; difficult to encourage major investment decisions, e.g. major process change. (ii) Grant-based Programmes: Governments have encouraged investment in energy efficiency through grants, low-interest loans and tax reductions. Major objective is to reduce the payback and risk of an investment. Summary: For: - stimulates equipmenVservice supply industry - can be targeted at specific groups, e.g. low income groups - can be targeted at specific measures, e.g. novel technologies and long payback1high return measures. - stimulates equipment supply industry - can deliver savings. Against:- expensive per saving generated. - costs and savings difficult to predict - can distort market, leading to long-term uncertainties. - action not always in users' commercial self-interest. - does not guarantee optimum use/action - coverage generally patchy. (iii) Utility-based Demand Side Management (DSM) Programmes: (a) Fuel Substitution Programmes: in multi-fuel usage countries, programmes can be undertaken to promote, say, use of electricity or a rival fuel (e.g. gas). These programmes tend to offer the electricity utility benefits, and are not aimed at reducing the cost of electricity supply, though there are environmental benefits. (b) Load Management Programmes: electricity utilities can implement programmes to reduce costs; e.g. power-factor correction, tariff incentives. (c) Energy Saving Programmes: these programmes reduce the total cost of electricity supply by undertaking DSM measures that cost less than the cost of new generating plant. Costs are recovered through regulatory mechanisms. Examples can be drawn from: - Industrialsector (high efficiency motors, downsizing, audits, waste heat recovery). - Commercial sector (energy-efficient buildings, water heating recovery systems, codinglventilation). - Domestic sector (solar water heating, audits, high efficiency appliances). Advantages: - reduces need for government intervention focus on mass volume products can provide quick savings can allow measures with low rates of return. Disadvantages: needs substantial - technical and planning resources. requires knowledge of energy usage and market requires regulated price formula to recoup costs. possibility of market distortion. (iv) Support for Equipment Supply Industry: Governments can allow companies to write-off costs incurred against tax. Support for R & D gives the possibility of energy savings in the longer term. Advantages: stimulates equipment supply industry projects can generate long-term viability Disadvantages: energy savings only in the long term. no guarantee of technicaUcommercialsuccess - could be expensive compared with savings generated. (v) Contract Energy Management (CEM)/Energy Service (ES) Company: Such companies are sub-contracted by a host company to take over responsibility for the operatiodmanagement of energy services. Advantages: - CEM companies bring expertise to energy efficiency programmes. they target utility-type services - can accommodate long payback. Disadvantages: risky, and needs creation of a new market relevant only to industrial, commercial sectors savings difficult to establish - needs a change in host management culture to accept a CEM company. (vi) Legislation, Regulations and Codes: These can further the uptake of energy efficiency. The main areas of activity are: - Industrial and Commercial Processes (processes, emissions. combustion) Buildings (insulation standards, temperature control, lighting) Equipment Standards (appliances) Transport (speed limits, exhaust emissions). For: - guarantees energy savings in the long term - ensures "level" playing field for manufacturers Against: - often long term - difficult to get agreement on standards - costly to enforce limited applicability. 3. Critical Success Factors in National Energy Efficiency Programmes (i) Policy and Institutional Framework: There must be a separation of responsibilities between policy formation and setting of programme objectives on the one hand; and design and implementation of programme activities on the other hand. (ii) Individual Programme Formulation and Implementation: - meet market needs. - develop supporting technology and services infrastructure. - establish formal targets and assessment procedures. - develop skilled personnel with expertise and motivation. ensure provision of independent and authoritative information on energy efficiency programmes. (iii) Success at Company Level: ensure senior management commitment. Energy champion: encourage initiatives of highly motivated staff in energy efficiency activities. - access to information: ensure energy champions have easy access to information. E. ETSU PAPER 2: R. Spencer 1. There is a subtle relationship between utility and consumer. In a country like Zimbabwe, energy efficiency efforts should be targeted to rural energy consumers. We need to optimize on what they are using now. 2. Load limiting has been used as a means of conserving energy in the urban areas of Zimbabwe. This is common only in the high density areas. ZESA is gradually moving away from load-limiting to meter-limiting supplies. 3. There is need for energy consumers to have easy access to information generated by DSM programmes. Question is; how do we finance the energy efficiency programme? NEEIP: ZIMBABWE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AUTHORITY (ZESA) PRESENTATION: D.D. Madzikanda Summary 1 . The final energy supply in Zimbabwe (1 991) was as follows: liquid fuels 14.8% Electricity 12.6% Coal 24.6% Biomass 48.1% Total: 262623 TJ Zimbabwe has a relatively high load factor electricity system; 72% annually and 83%on a daily basis. There are also night shifts in the industrial and mining sectors, which account for persistently heavy load factors. Peak periods (6 p.m. - 7 p.m.) are generally caused by domestic consumers. 2. Electricity conservation c'an be achieved in a variety of ways; such as new building designs, with air conditioning and heating systems, educating consumers on conservation, etc. A reduction of demand including line loss reduction programmes, installation of co-generation projects and end- use efficiency schemes would result in savings both to the utility's costs and to the consumer's tariff increases. 3. Reduction in electricity energy use can also be achieved through more efficient appliances, motors and pon7erfactor corrections. The utility must provide the consumer with a low energy cost accomplished by proper planning and/or by establishing new generating stations. 4. Electricity is inelastic with respect to pricing structure. Current electricity demand declines as economic trends go down. A wise option would be to reduce electricity demand. Z.E.S.A.'s electricity derives from Hwange and Kariba, and from Zambia and Zaire imports. An opportunity to assess the effect of DSM and Conservation would arise in the year 2000 when the Hwange units 7 and 8 are committed; or around 2003 when Batoka is commissioned. 5 . Tariffs and the effect on Load Management: Government, Supplier and Consumer should get together to work out an electricity energy efficiency scheme. Some incentives are as follows:- - customer rebates for installation of energy efficient appliances through subsidies. vendor incentives for the purchase of these appliances. The method of and amount of rebates must be properly assessed, since the utility depends upon its revenues from tariffs and money generated from the meters. G. ZABO ENERGY TASK FORCE: R.H.A. WiIIiams 1. The paper will concentrate on two broad areas: electrical energy rationing (1991-92); energy ef'ficiency for industry. The task force studied and submitted proposals on the impact of drought and the resulting energy rationing. Mines, farmers and industrial plants reduced production. In the case of Sable the drought reduced fertilizer demand, and there was actually a surplus. 2. There was also voluntary action from the private sector to promote and encourage energy conservation. Thus, the positive effect of electricity rationing has been the start of energy efficiency awareness. Mines reduced production accordingly resulting in shorter working week which reduced employee earnings. 3. Several industries became aware of the need to conserve energy. Some banned the use of office air conditioners, others repaired air leaks in compressors, etc. 4. With Kariba filling and thermal stations improving their operations, the incentive for energy efficiency and conservation is temporarily fading away. Only when electrical energy plays a role in the input costs of industry, does it get attention. Hence, two areas need to be tackled: educating consumers for whom the energy efficiency impact is small; creating an enabling environment for energy efficiency enthusiasts. 5. Let's focus on the last category: Industries are fighting to survive, in the wake of several setbacks: high cost of money and inflation, increasing cost of capital resulting from devaluation, drop in international commodity prices, long payback periods for equipment replacement high import duties (60%) for new equipment. To promote energy efficiency technology there must be "real" incentives, e.g. reduction of duties and import tariffs. 6. Investments in saving energy are generally lower than the investment to produce and supply it, hence the need to reduce tariff. 7. A way to get energy efficiency off the ground is for ZESA to improve its customer relations with the high voltage (300 KVA and above) consumers. The communication deliberations would centre on energy eff~cient systems in electric motors, irrigation equipment and other machinery. 8. With regard to the energy efficiency debate, the big hope is a win-win situation between energy supplier and enduser. H. ZIMBABWE PHOSPHATE INDUSTRIES LTD. PAPER: G.T. Rushwaya 1. Zimbabwe Phosphate industries employs 750 staff, with 80% of its business in the fertizer industry. The company devised an energy conservation programme which reduced electricityconsumption without grossly affecting production, during the 1992energy,crisis (attributed to the drought). 35% of the employees live on company premises where water and electricity are supplied free. 2. 75% of total energy consumption is steam and 25% electricity. Prior to 1990, the only energy conservation mechanism was power factor correction and Maximum Demand Monitoring. In 1990an energy audit was c&ed out through a SADC energy project, which came up with recommendations of 60776GJ savings per annurn (25% of the energy consumption). The recommendations were grouped into "no cost" and "low cost" measures. 3. By the end of 1991 all "no cost" measures, and some of the "low cost" measures had been implemented. - ' repairs to steam leaks, air leaks, switching off unnecessary lights, , , recovery of condensate for reuse. "low c-: insulation of vessels, use of more energy efficient lights, revamping instrumentation. 4. To implement the programme, a special energy engineer was appointed, and he would report on a monthly basis, progress and savings achieved. Part of his responsibility was to make a monthly audit and submit his findings to management. 5. During 1992-93 the company intensified its efforts on the energy efficiency programme. Exploratory results showed that high electricity usage was between 6 p.m. and 10p.m., and between 2 a.m. and 6 a.m. It was realized that success was dependent on the cooperation of all workers and residents at the site. Workshops and meetings thereafter ensued. 6. Some energy efficiencylconservationmeasures undertaken were as follows:- - locking away office fans and heaters, - switching off welding machines when not in use, - switching off office equipmentwhen not in use, switching on street lights between 9 p.m. and .5 a.m. (instead of 6 p.m. to 6 a.m.). - improvementin effluentcontrol and suppression - switching off certainmachinery when undergoing maintenance1 repairs. - immediaterepairs to leaking water taps or pipes (at work or residence) - general water conservation. 50% success was attributed to workers' participation. The abovemeasures yielded an 11% energy reduction against a calculated 15%. I. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY: ECONOMIST POINT OF VIEW OF NEEIP: J.J. Mangono Some Economic and Non-Economic Barriers to Energy Efficient - Investments Within Firms 1. Zimbabwe has a lot more energy if attention were to be paid to energy- efficiency practices. The sectors which are potential for electric conservation are:- Industrial Sector (12% of total consumption), Domestic Sector (7%) - Commercial Sector (3%). Hence, expected total reduction in electricity consumption is of the order of 22% of total consumption. Most consumers,however, reject energy saving investments that have rates of return of 30% - 40% or more. 2. Well designed policies to improve energy efficiency might achieve a most sought-after objective - Pareto improvementwith gains for all concerned. Firms do not behave like human individuals. Instead of profit maximizing first order conditions of the standard economicmodel, f m s employ a variety of expedients; e.g. looking for satisfactorychoices instead of optimal ones; replacing abstract, global goals with tangible subgoals; dividing up the decision-making task among several specialists, etc. 3. Managerial compensation is often tied to recent performance, and in many corporations, managers are rotated through differentjobs every few years. This leads managers to prefer projects with short payback periods even if such projects are inferior, which is a disincentive to long-term energy efficiency investment. 4. Some standard barriers to energy efficiency are as follows: ignorance among consumers, about rapidly evolving energy efficiency technologies, uncertainty on savings, cost effectivenessand future energy prices. - lack of capital and resistance to procure equipment with a greater purchase cost. 5. Policy Implications: There is need for an increase in governmentparticipationwhich is both innovative and courageous. - energy efficiency is a proven resource, with substantial future gains. many problems associated with the production, transportation and conversion of fuels are not reflected in the retail prices for fuels and electricity (e.g. air and water pollution). market imperfectionskeep energy consumers from making what would otherwise be economicallyrational choices. unlike most supply projects, energy efficiency improvementsare very small and use a variety of technologies. 6. Suggestionsfor the Role of Government: Government, through some institution, e.g. DOERD, should make a commitment to energy efficiency,to be embodied in the national energy policy. should make fundsavailable for the energy efficiency programmes. - should state clear goals and objectives of the strategy; e.g. percentage reduction in energy use; percentage improvement to GDP. should institute a national energy management programme to cater for suppliers,users and enthusiasts. should intensify R & D programmes in the appropriate institutions. Demonstrations should be held in schools, colleges and workplaces. - should develop an information database on energy use; its patterns, trends and determinants. - should sponsor inclusidn of energy conservation in school and college curricula. 7. Lastly, energy efficiency will save millions of dollars for consumers, reduce polluting emissions, reduce dependence on imported oil, improve productivity and enhance international competitiveness of our products. J. CONSUMER COUNCIL OF ZIMBABWE: NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTPROGRAMME: M. Nyambuya (Managing Director) 1. Energy is crucial to industry, trade, agriculture and domestic homes. Energy shortages and price escalations have adversely affected both the economy and the consumer. 2. The 1991/92 drought highlighted our vulnerabilityto energy shortages. ZESA introduced the ration system to conserve electricity. Electricity blackouts were the order of the day, with consumers hardest hit. 3. With the drought over, electricity supply problems are not yet over. Meter reading and the electricity billing system continue often to victimize the consumers. ZESA's monopoly as the sole utility supplier is not economically a healthy option. Its move to impose penalties to consumers who had exceeded their quotas, is to be regretted as it resulted in exorbitant bills based on mere estimates. 4. With pressure from CCZ, ZESA ultimately exempted assessed bills from penalty payments. ZESA should ensure that its public relations departments handles consumers' complaints honourably. 5. With regard to NOCZIM, consumers need an assurance that there will be enough stocks of fuel to meet their present and future needs. The fuel industry, to be energy efficient, should become more viable through competition under ESAP. NOCZIM should shop around for cheaper fuel sources for the benefit of consumers. 6. Fuel prices should be constantly reviewed so that a degree of equilibrium is achieved in the transport industry. NOCZIM should take cautionary steps in anticipation of devaluation, so that the negative impact on prices does not disturb the economy. 7. To achieve the expected energy efficiency levels, it will be necessary to import energy products from neighbouring countries, since interdependence is always a healthy aspect. VII. GROUP DISCUSSIONS The participants of the workshop were split into four mutually exclusive groups for the purpose of group deliberation and closed debate. The over-riding theme was to assess and discuss the main purpose of a NEEIP, under the following topics: overall vision and-mission - sector coverage fuel coverage short and medium term aims. A. OVERALL VISION AND MISSION 1. The NEEIP will mitigate short-term energy supply problems and price rises. It should form part of the overall energy strategy. 2. Energy efficiency will be coordinated at a national level, and should form an integral part of the national economic development plan. 3. The NEEIP should raise national consciousnesson all forms of energy and its efficient use. 4. ~nergyefficiency should provide sustainabledevelopment and reduce environmental degradation. 5 . It should provide an equitable distribution of energy resources, and also reduce energy costs. . 6. The NEEIP is expected to provide energy security and increase competitiveness. 7. It should improve health and standard of living for all. B. SECTOR COVERAGE 1. On a prioritised basis, it was generally agreed that the sectors to be covered by the NEEIP are as follows: Industry and Mining - Transport and Agriculture Commercial - Domestic Other. 2. To eliminate confusion "EnergyEfficiency" is the normative operational undertaking, whereas "Energy Conservation"carries the implication of reducing growth and hence economicdevelopment. C. FUEL COVERAGE Fuel coverage should be broad spectrum, covering all energy fuels, on both the supply and demand sides. Prioritisationconsiderationshould list electricity, coal and biomass. In Zimbabwe liquid fuels and some electricityhave to be imported. The energy resource base is as follows: Electricity - Coal Liquid Fuels (hydrocarbons) Biomass - Renewables. (Solar,wind, biogas, hydro). 2. With respect to liquid fuels, energy efficiency can be viewed in terms of speed limit impositions, availability of spareparts (for cleaner exhausts), and cost effectivepricing. 3. Biomass points to a vast inefficient use of energy, and is a potential candidatefor NEEIP. D. SHORT AND MEDIUM TERM AIMS 1. The NEEIP should assist and support both suppliers and consumersof energy, leading to sustainabledevelopment. 2. Other objectives of the NEEIP are: sustainable and cleaner environment - cost effectivenessof energy use - equitable distribution of energy resources. 3. In the implementationstrategy,we expect to achieve the following: - arrest demand growth in electricity. - fuel switching. - Renewable Energy Promotion (biogas, solar, wind, hydro). E. BENEFITS 1. The target group for the NEEIP will be broadly the producers (e.g. ZESA) and consumersof energy. 2. The benefits of an energy efficiencyprogramme should be viewed from the following perspectives: - reduced fuel costs - reduced hardships - reduced pollution and environmental degradation. - health improvement - increased competitiveness - increased standard of living for all. F. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT 1. The government is to play a regulatory role as a facilitator in establishing the NEEIP. It should be looked upon as essentially a policy making body. 2. The salient areas for the role of governrnent could be: energy efficiency legislation - setting up or improving standards - fiscal measures (tax rebates,subsidies, grants, incentives) - pricing programme management mechanisms. 3. Government (DOERD) should formulate policy guidelines and set programme objectives, but refrain from the actual design and implementation of the NEEIP activities, which should be executed by the implementing agency. 4. In its strategy formulation the Government (DOERD) should: - identify barriers to implementation, - create a database on energy use, - set up an advisory body (steering committee), - draw up a National Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan - ensure national commitment - identify an umbrella organization (e.g. SIRDC). - set up an appropriate infrastructure. G. TYPE OF ACTMTIES ENVISAGED FOR TkU3NEEIP 1. From the above, leading questions would be; - What type of activities should NEEIP be involved with? - . How will NEEIP implement the proposed programmes? How will NEEIP interact with existing programmes and organisations? 2, The activities envisaged are multifaceted; some of which are:- - formulate NEEIP strategy and draw up the Energy Efficiency Plan. set up consultative committee set up infrastructure and seek funding (local and external) - set up standards and codes of practice - set up incentives (grants, rebates, loans) - promote efficient use of energy appliances - promote R & D, and establish a critical mass of energy efficiency enthusiasts (Energy Champion), to act as a conduit for the transfer and diffusion of the technology. R. & D. activity should include practical demonstrations, technical testing of products, and use of existing programmes. - identify training needs; use of schools and vocationals,building industries, etc. - carry out industry energy audits, and walk-through audits for consumers - publicise successstories; use media coverage. - promote information collection and set up database. - assess energy efficiencydemand; carry out survey. - - identify barriers - enact enabling legislation. VITX: WORKSHOP RECOMMENDATIONS A. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTS 1. The implementingagency should ideally be an autonomous,quasi- govenunent organization, capable of executing its mandate independently. The Institute of Energy to be established under the SIRDC is the natural host of the NEEIP. Government role should be limited to facilitator, ,coordinationand regulatory. 2. An Advisory Board (Steering Committee), with a tripartitemembership from Government, Energy Producers and Energy Consumers, should be set up to: - provide logistic directionto the NEEIP provide strategic monitoring and counselling - ensure cost effectiveness of the NEEIP on policy basis - provide accountability for the NEEIP. B. FUNDING Funding for NEEIP should be along the same lines as for SIRDC. Government is expected to assist in the initial stages, but eventually the establishment should stand on its own feet. C. COORDINATION Coordination and dissemination activities could be effected: using technical assistance - by approaching professional institutions through Government organizations - using SIRDC as the databank for energy efficiency information. HUMANRESOURCES The human resources requirements should call for expertise in a variety of fields: scientific/ technical, marketing, financial-economics. Employment will be effected on a contractual basis dependent on performance. There should be attractive packages to retain the services of the skilled personnel. IMPLEMENTING STRATEGY 1. Prior to the above, DOERD (with technical assistance, if possible) will review legalities on the institutional status of the SIRDC, Research Council of Zimbabwe and the proposed Institute of Energy; in as far as they would reflect on NEEIP. 2. If the Institute of Energy within the SIRDC is late in starting, the NEEIP could be initiated right now, ahead of the Institute, it order to capitalise on the awareness generated so far, and on the urgency to implement energy efficiency. DOERD should hold discussions with the SIRDC and the Research Council of Zimbabwe, to launch the NEEIP soonest. IX. MINISTER'S CONCLUDING REMARKS (The Hon. D. Norman, M.P.) 1. Electricity is by far the focal point, among other energy resources, with respect to energy efficiency programmes. Zimbabwe has taken advantage of electricity imports from Zambia, Zaire and South Afiica. Thanks to everybody'scooperation. 2. As far as the Ministry of Transportand Energy is concerned, all energy technologiesare welcome and expected to play some role: electricity, biomass, coal, hydro, liquid suels, solar, wind, geothermal. 3. The Government's role, in promoting the establishment of NEEIP, will be restrictedto policy making and institutional support. The Zimbabwe Government is favoured by most donors because it pays up its debts. 4. The NEEIP should primarily be a Zimbabwe project; planned, executed and implemented by Zimbabweans. We shall call upon technicaUforeign assistance,only when and if it becomes necessary. 5. It is now Govenunentpolicy to refrain from subsidising parastatals. As such, NEEIP is expected to operate autonomously, on a commercial and profitable basis. I look forward to the practical establishmentand implementation of the NEEIP. X. WRAP-UP (Meeting held at Monomatapa Hotel, 18 December 1993) A. GENERAL 1. The main idea is to start an Energy EfficiencyProgramme soonest, whilst the debate is most active, and move it later to the Instituteof Energy at the SIRDC (if and when it materialises). 2. Two bodies need to be established before implementing the NEEIP: Energy.Efficiency CoordinatingUnit, and an Advisory Board (Steering Committee). 3. Identify gaps within the energy scene; raise funds; fostertwinning with ETSU (promote reciprocal study tours). 4. Develop an information/database strategy. 5. Work on the legal status/statute for the NEEIP. 6. Institute a Consultative Committeeto work out the modalities of initiating the NEEIP. The Committeewould cooperatewith ETSU and other technical assistance programmes. B. ESMAP FOLLOW-UP 1. Ensure institutional strengthof the DOERD to fulfill its policy and strategy formulation (skills, types of activities,planning) for the NEEIP. 2. Technical assistance required for establishingthe NEEIP Coordinating Unit, and in part to determineits legal and corporate structure. 3. Further assistance to the DOERD for identifyinggaps not covered by existing programmes within the Department. An information programme is a priority. 4. Funding to foster twinning arrangementof ESMAP and ETSU, for promoting the NEEIP activities. ETSU FOLLOW-UP 1. Completethe workshop Final Report in midJanuary 1994. 2. Report on the strategy fiamework for a NEEIP. 3. Ensure institutionalguidelines and mechanism are in place, for effective implementationof energy efficiency activities. 4. Producerecommendationson activities which DOERD should undertake to promote energy efficiency. 5. Assist with guidelines to set up NEEIP's Coordinating Unit. 6. Suggest strategiesof the NEEIP Coordinating Unit. XI. ANNEXE ANNEX I: AGENDA NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME JOINT DOERDNORLD BANK WORKSHOP 15 - 17DECEMBER 1993 MONTCLAIRHOTEL NYANGA Day 1Thursday 16thDecember 1993 Chairman Mr. J. Moyo Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Transport & Energy 0800 0830 - Registration Opening Remarks. Purposesand objectivesof the NEEIP Workshop The Permanent Secretary, Mr. J. Moyo Opening Address: The Honourable Minister of Transport & Energy Mr. D. Norman Administrative arrangements DOERD Position Paper Director of Energy, Mr. C.T. Mzezewa World Bank Mr. K.F. SchenkMr. S. Brushett Presentation ETSU Overallsituation in Zimbabwe & critical success factorsfor energy efficiency programmes Presentation ChairmanMr. J. Moyo Permanent Secretary Ministry of Transport and Energy Questions on ETSU's presentationand report Z E S A Senior Manager (CorporatePlanning) Mr. D.D. Madzikanda Presentation ZABO,Chamberof Mines, CZI Mr. RH.A. Williams Presentation Zimbabwe PhosphateIndustries The Chief Engineer, Mr. Rushwaya Presentation Economist Point of View of NEEIP Mr. J.J. Mangono (Department of Energy) Consumer Council of Zimbabwe Director,Mr. M. Nyambuya Presentation 1300 1400 - * Lunch Break ........................................................................ Delegates are placed into four (4) discussiongroups 10 12people. - Each group chooses the Chairperson for the particular session 1400 1500 - AimslPurposeof NEEIP 1500 1530 - Report back, agree definitionof NEEIP 1530 1545 - * * * Tealcoffee Type of activity desired for NEEIP Report back, agree desired activities Announcementsfor the followingday. The formal DINNER Day 2 Friday 17 December 1993 Chairman Mr. J. Moyo Permanent Secretary Ministry of Transport and Energy Plenary Session:- Review of previous day Then continueto work in groups NEEIP Coordination and relevanceto existing programmes 0930 1000 - Report back, and agree 1000- 1030 * * * Tealcoffee break 1030 1130 - Individualprogramme implementation 1130 1200 - Report back, and agree 1200 1230 - ETSU summaryof recommendations Closingremarks Ministry of Transport & Energy 1300 1400 - * * * Lunch Break 1430 Delegates leave for home ANNEX I1 NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 1. Mr. D. Norman 2. Mr. J. Moyo The Honourable Minister Permanent Secretary Ministry of Transport & Energy Ministry of Transport & Energy 3. Mr. C.T. Mzezewa 4. Mr. C.S. Murove Director of Energy Assistant Director Ministry of Transport & Energy Ministry of Transport & Energy 5. Mr. J. Chirara 6. Mr. T.W. Samunyai Assistant Director Assistant Director Ministry of Transport & Energy Ministry of Transport & Energy 7. Mr. J.J. Mangono 8. Miss E. Muguti Principal Energy Dev. Officer Principal Energy Dev. Officer Ministry of Transport & Energy Ministry of Tranport& Energy 9. Mrs D. Kayo 10. Mr. S.R Wadesango Principal Energy Dev. Officer Principal Energy Dev. Officer Ministry of Transport & Energy Ministry of Transport & Energy 11. Mr. F.N. Madweyi 12. Mrs J.Z. Mawema Principal Energy Dev. Officer Senior Energy Dev. Off~cer Ministry of Transport & Energy Ministry of Transport & Energy 13. Miss E. Zhande 14. Mr. C. Phaira Planner Energy DevelopmentOfficer Ministry of Transport& Energy Ministry of Transport & Energy 15. Miss S. Madau 16. Mr. H. Gonye Energy Development Officer Energy DevelopmentOfficer Ministry of Transport & Energy Ministry of Transport & Energy 17. Mr. N. Msakwa 18. Mr. E. Bunjira Energy DevelopmentOfficer Energy DevelopmentOfficer Ministry of Transport & Energy Ministry of Transport & Energy Mr. F. Marnbwere 20. Mr. A.F.N. Mangena Energy Development Officer Assistant Secretary Ministry of Transport & Energy Local Govt. Rural & Urban Dev. Miss E.M. Hlazo 22. Mr. W.T. Vengesai Senior Economic Planner Director of Professional Services National Economic Planning Commission Min.of Public Const. & Nat.Housing Mr. L.D. Mwaita 24. Mr. A.Z. Matiza Under Secretary Design Policy Analyst Ministry of Mines Min. of Environment & Tourism Mr. M.I. Muzondo 26. Mr. 0.Gomm Project Officer Programme Coordinator Biomass UsersNetwork Energy Programme Zimbabwe Mr. I. Dube 28. Mr. D. Madzikanda Research Engineer Senior Manager (Corporate Plan.) Z E S A Z E S A Mr. M. Mushambi 30. Dr. E.G. Mtetwa Marketing Manager Member NOCZIM Research Council of Zimbabwe Mr. M. Chateuka 32. Mr. T. Mutiti Lecturer Marketing Manager University of Zimbabwe Wankie Colliery Co. Pvt Ltd Mr. L.K. Chirombo 34. Mrs M.P. Mutasa PartnerIArchitect Director of Standards The Institute of Archetects Standards Association of Zimbabwe Mr. H.R.A. Williams 36. Mr. D. Chigodora Production Manager Production Manager ZIMASCO Kwekwe Division Sable Chemicals Mr. G. Stiles 38. Mr. M. Nyarnbuya Industrial Energy Consultant Director S A D C Consumer Council of Zimbabwe Mr. C. Manzira 40. Mr. S. Brushett Chief Economist Deputy Resident Representative Ministry of Finance World Bank Mission 41. Mr. K.S. Ndoro 42. Ms. A. Muskwe Senior Economist Assistant Secretary Commercial Farmers'Union Ministry of Industry & Commerce 43. Mr. P. Kirhamrnar 44. Mr. 0 . Onyango Resident Representative Principal Financial Analyst S l D A African Development Bank 45. Ms. P. Hensnen 46. Dr. C. Mukora The Chief Executive Director Zimbabwe Institution Engineers Zimbabwe Famers'Union 47. Mr. G.T. Rushwaya 48. Mr. B.Kanu Chief Engineer Programme Officer Zimbabwe Phosphate Industries U N D P 49. Dr. G. Mandishona 50. Mr. S. Moyo National Pioject Manager Research Fellow Global Environmental Facility Z I D S 51. Mr. L. Sibanda 52. Mrs. J. Madzongwe Senior Agricultural Economist Energy Specialist Min. of Lands, Agric. & Water Dev. C I D A 53. Mr. C.S. Moyo Dr. C.B. Thornton Maintenance Manager Technical Director Monomatapa Hotel Hunyani Holdings Ltd. . 55. Mr.KurtF.Schenk 56. Dr. A. Gilchrist Power Specialist Industrial Utilities Specialist WB ESMAP Operations Division Energy Technology Support Unit 57. Mr. R. Spencer Energy Efficiency Marketing Specialist Energy Technology Support Unit. 1VB SADC .............. SouthernAfrica Development Comnwnity SIDA ............... Suedisk International DevelopmentAgency IBDC ........-...... Indegenous Businers Development Centre UIVDP .........,.... UnitedNations Development Programme ZIDS ................ Zimbabur Institute of DevelopmentStudies CIDA ............... Canadian Inlernational DevelopmentAgency IVB .................. World Bank &SWAP ............ Energy Sector hlanafement Assutance Programme N O U I I I I......... Notional Oil Cornpony of Zimbabwe ANNEX Ill -- GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D Mr. C.T. Mzezewa Mr. Chirara Mr. Sarnunyai Director Ass. Director Ass. Director Energy DOERD DOERD CHAIRMAN CHAIRMAN CHAIRMAN Ms. E. Muguti Mr. F. Maziweyi Mr. J.J. Mangono Mrs D. Kayo PEDO Pedo PEDO PEDO DOERD DOERD DOERD DOERD Mr. C. Pfaira Mrs J2. Mawerna Mr. N. Msakwa Mr. E. Bunjia ED0 SEDO ED0 ED GEF Project DOERD DOERD DOERD Miss S. Madau Mr. H. Gonye Ms. E.M. Hlazo Mr. W. Vengesai ED0 ED0 Snr Econ. Director Prof. DOERD DOERD Planner (NEPC) Services (MPCNH) Mr. F. Mambwere Mr. A.F. Mangena Mr. M. Mzondo Mr. 0. Gomm ED0 Acting Sec. Proj. Officer Prog. Co-ord. DOERD LGR & UD BUN GTZ Mr. L.D. Mwaita Mr. A2. Mafia Mr. M. Mushambi Mrs MP Mutasa Under Secretary Design Policy Sales Manager Director of Min. of Mines Analyst (MoE & T) NOCZIM Standards SAZ Mr. I.Dube Mr. Madzikanda Mr. S. Brushett Mr. K.S. Moyo Rnearch Eng. Sen. Mgr (CP) Deputy Rep. Sen. Economist ZESA ZESA World Bank CFU Mr. M. Chateuka Mr. T. Mutiti Mr. T. Onyongo DR. E.G. Mtetwa Lecturer Marketing Mgr IPrinc. Financial Member UZ Wankie Col. Co. Analyst (ADB) RCZ Mr. R. Williams Mr. D. Chigodora Dr. C. Mkora Mr. S. Moyo Prod. Manager Prod. Manager Director Research Fellow ZIMASCO Sable Chemicals ZFU ZlDS Mr. G. Stiles Mr. M. Nyambuya Mr. G. Rushwaya Mr C.S. Moyo Ind. Energy Chief Engineer Maintenance Eng. Mr. Kurt Schenk Ms. A. Muskwe Ms. E. Zhande Dr. C.B. Thornton Power Specialist Ass. Secretary Planner Group Tech Mgr. WORLD BANK Min of Ind 8 Cornrn. MOT& E Hunyani Pulp Mr. P. Karharnmar Dr. A. Gilchrist Mr. R. Spencer Resident Rep Ind. Util EE Marketing SlDA Specialist ETSU Specialist ETSU Mrs Madzongwe Energy Specialist ClDA