THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA PRESIDENT'S OFFICE - REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (PO-RALG) TANZANIARURAL AND URBAN ROADS AGENCY (TARURA) And TANZANIA NATIONAL ROAD AGENCY (TANROADS) ROADS TO INCLUSION AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC OPPORTU NITIES (RISE) P164920 VULNERABLE GROUP PLANNING FRAMEWORK JANUARY 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E1. The Government of Tanzania is currently preparing the RISE Program , in collaboration with the World Bank through its executive agencies, the Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA) and Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS). The Roads for Inclusion and Social Economic Opportunities (RISE) Program involves road infrastructure interventions to improve rural road access and provide employment opportunities for population in selected rural areas and build capacity in the sustainable management of rural roads incorporating community engagement approaches. The immediate focus will be to contribute to the efficient and safe movement of goods and people in accessing and traversing to rural areas with untapped agricultural potentials. The project will also support Tanzania-wide geographical reach in bottleneck improvements and routine maintenance activities of rural roads. The project has four components: • Component 1: Rural Road Development and Maintenance • Component 2: Institutional Strengthening and Human Capital Development • Component 3: Community Engagement; Inclusion and Protection • Component 4: Contingency Emergency Response (CERC) This VGPF is complimented by the following instruments: • Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) • Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) • Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) • Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) • Gender Action Plan E2. TARURA and TANROADS have prepared the Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) for the Roads to Inclusion and Socio-Economic Opportunities (RISE) Program. The objective of this VGPF is to provide guidance on the preparation of the Vulnerable Groups Plans (VGPs) for the RISE Program’s sub-projects. Nonetheless, the VGPF serves as a practical tool to ensure that sub-projects within the RISE Program fully respect the dignity, human rights, economies and cultures of vulnerable groups during sub-project design and implementation. It also aims at improving benefits to the VGs where RISE sub-project will be implemented in their areas. The VGPF, details on agreed principles, policies, guidelines and procedures to be integrated into RISE Program’s sub-projects’ implementation and assists in the achievement of the compliance with applicable National legislations relating to VGs and World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework. Vulnerable Groups referred to in the VGPF have the following characteristics as defined in ESS7: • Self-identification as members of a distinct social and cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; and • Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats, ancestral territories or areas of seasonal use or occupation, as well as to the natural resources in those areas; and • Customary cultural, economic or social or political institutions that are distinct or separate from those of the mainstream society or culture; and 1 • A distinct language or dialect, which is often different from the official language of the country or region in which they reside. E3. Responsibilities in the implementation of VGPF: TARURA and TANROADS will be responsible for overall planning and management of the VGs Plans. At the Regional level, TARURA (in all project participating regions) and TANROADS (within Lindi, Geita, Iringa and Tanga regions) will appoint one (1) Social Specialist who will be responsible for social development and risk management including screening for VGs in sub-projects and preparation of VGPs in line with this VGPF. The regional personnel will work under the supervision and guidance of the Social Safeguard team from Head Quarters in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam respectively. E4. Policy framework supporting Vulnerable Groups: Notably, the Government of Tanzania GoT, has no specialized policy or legislation in favour of VGs. Nonetheless, despite having voted in favour for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples way back in 2007, it has not prepared any policy or legislation to specifically favour them. The implementation of the RISE Program will benefit not only from a diversity of national policies and legislations that reflect on the interests of the indigenous people as described below but also from the backing offered by the new ESS 7. The VGPF has been prepared in line with the following national policies and legislations and the international best practice policies: • The National Land Policy of 1995; • The National Human Settlement Policy of 2000; • The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997; • The National Gender Policy of 2002; • Law of the Child Act No 21 of 20th November 2009; • The National Policy on HIV/AIDS of 2001; • The Land Act No 4 and 5 of 1999; • The National Climate Change Strategy of 2012; • The National Environmental Policy of 1997; • Environmental Management Act 2004 Section 7 (1); • The Cultural Heritage Policy of 2008; • The World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework. E5. The preparation of the Vulnerable Groups Plan will be done in the following manner as detailed in the RISE program’s VGPF: • Screening for Presence of VGs; • Conducting of social assessment; • Impact identification and determination of mitigation measures; • Preparation of Vulnerable Groups Plan; • Capacity Building; • Bank Decision on Project Investments. The sub-project VGPs will be developed to reflect the social-cultural activities, geographical location and livelihood activities of the respective community as well as the risks and impact of the project to the VGs. Specific elements of the sub-project’s VGP are: aspirations, needs, and 2 preferred options of the affected vulnerable groups; local social organization, beliefs, ancestral territory, and resource use patterns among the affected vulnerable groups that relate to the project; potential positive and negative impacts and risks on vulnerable groups; measures to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts and risks; the requirements for Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) where relevant; measures to ensure project benefits will accrue to vulnerable groups; the possibility of involving local CBOs and NGOs representing VGs; specific requirements related to stakeholder engagement and the GRM for VGs; budget allocation; and monitoring. All the PSVGPs that will be prepared under the Project will include the following contents, as needed: • A summary of the legal and institutional framework applicable to VGs. • Baseline information on the demographic, social, cultural, and political characteristics of the affected VGs communities, the land and territories that they have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, and the natural resources on which they depend as it relates to the project. • A summary of the social assessment. • A summary of results of the stakeholder consultation with the affected VGs that was carried out during project preparation. • A framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs during sub-project implementation and any proof of the same once achieved. • An action plan of measures to ensure that the VGs receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate, including, if necessary, measures to enhance the capacity of the project implementing agencies. • When potential adverse effects on VGs are identified, appropriate action plans of measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for these adverse effects drawing on the information presented in the Social Assessment. • The cost estimates and financing plan for the VGP; each project will bear full cost of assisting and rehabilitating VGs. • Accessible procedures appropriate to the project to address grievances by the affected VGs arising from project implementation. When designing the grievance procedures, the government takes into account the availability of judicial recourse and customary dispute settlement mechanisms among the VGs’. • Mechanisms and benchmarks appropriate to the project for monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the implementation of the PSVGP. The monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should include arrangements for the free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs’. E6. Stakeholder Engagement during Project Design and Implementation: Participation of VGs in selection, design and implementation of the project components, will largely determine the extent of achievement of VGPF objectives. To ensure that benefits are realized and where adverse impacts are likely, the TARURA or TANROADS team will undertake prior and informed consultations with the likely affected VGs and those who work with and/or are knowledgeable of VGs’ development issues and concerns. The primary objectives would be to examine the following: • To seek their inputs/feedback on how to maximize benefits, accessibility and how to avoid or 3 minimize the potential adverse impacts associated with the project; • Identify culturally appropriate impact mitigation measures; and • Assess and adopt education opportunities, which the SA could promote to complement the measures required to mitigate the adverse impacts. The VGs communication strategy will: • Facilitate participation of VGs with adequate gender and generational representation; Youth, customary/traditional VG organizations; community elders, VC leaders; and CSOs, CBOs and Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) on VGs development issues and concerns. • Provide them with relevant information about the project components, including that on potential adverse impacts, organize and conduct the consultations in manners to ensure free expression of their views and preferences. • Document details of all consultation meetings, with VGs perceptions of the proposed project and the associated impacts, especially the adverse ones and any inputs/feedbacks given by VGs; and an account of the community support or consent by VGs. E7. Consultations on the VGPF: During the preparation of this RISE Program VGPF, consultations were held with relevant Government departments on January 9, 2020 and NGOs Consultations have been done with some Non-Governmental Organizations and Community Based Organizations (NGOs and CBOs) representing the interests of VGs at National level in a workshop held in Dodoma on January 21st of 2020. Additional consultations were also conducted with several NGOs between February 07th to February 11th, 2020 and the Webinar Consultation on April 2nd of 2020. VGs that may be affected by specific sub-projects will be consulted during the preparation of the VGPs. E8. Grievance Redress Mechanism: Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for this VGPF will follow that of RISE Program spelt in the Stakeholders Engagement Plan (SEP). To prepare GRMs that take cognizance of local knowledge, practices and norms for the sub-projects under the RISE program, TARURA / TANROADS will through consultations with the VGs aim to understand and agree with the VGs: • Available conflict resolution mechanisms within the communities; • The norms, practices and process of conflict resolution in the VG communities; • Focal point persons in conflict management in the VG communities; • Process of integration of local conflict resolution mechanism to suit project implementation while respecting local values and processes of conflict resolution; • On a GRM prepared following the above process and socialize it with the VG community leadership, VG community members, Village administration and other stakeholders in sub- project areas. Specific provisions will be included for complaints related to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) that could be derived from the project to ensure the survivor’s confidentiality and rights. To properly address GBV risks, the GRM needs to be in place prior to contractors mobilizing. E9. Monitoring and Evaluation 4 • Implementation of this VGPF and VGP’s will be supervised and monitored by the PIU and the findings recorded in progress reports provided to the World Bank; • The PIU will verify the collection of VG’s baseline information; and A third-part monitoring consultant to be engaged by the PIU to carry out monitoring and supervision of VGPs implementation 5 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 10 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RISE PROGRAM ..................................................................................... 11 2.1 Background to the RISE Program ............................................................................................... 11 2.2 Description of the RISE Program Components .......................................................................... 11 2.3. RISE Program Beneficiaries ....................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements for the RISE Program ..................................... 16 2.5 RISE Program Location .............................................................................................................. 18 3. BASELINE OF VULNERABLE GROUPS AND RELATED SOCIAL ISSUES ............................ 20 3.1 General Characteristics of Vulnerable Groups ........................................................................... 20 3.2 Vulnerable Groups in Tanzania ........................................................................................................ 20 3.3 Challenges Facing Vulnerable Groups ............................................................................................. 22 3.4 Possible Impacts on the Vulnerable Groups ............................................................................... 23 4 POLICY FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING VULNERABLE GROUPS ............................................. 30 5 VULNERABLE GROUPS PLAN ...................................................................................................... 33 5.1 Screening for Presence of VGs ......................................................................................................... 33 5.2 Social Assessment Process................................................................................................................ 33 5.3 Preparation of Vulnerable Groups Plan ............................................................................................ 34 5.4 Impact Identification ......................................................................................................................... 35 5.5 Determination of Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................. 35 5.6 Capacity Building ............................................................................................................................. 35 5.7 Bank Decision on Project Investments ............................................................................................. 36 5.8 Contents of a Vulnerable Groups Plan .............................................................................................. 36 6 FRAMEWORK FOR FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT............................................... 38 6.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 38 6.2 Free, Prior and Informed Consent ..................................................................................................... 38 6.3 Conditions under which FPIC is Required ....................................................................................... 41 7 CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ........................................................... 41 7.1 Disclosure of the VGPF .................................................................................................................... 42 6 7.2 Stakeholder Engagement during Implementation ............................................................................. 44 7.2.1 Stakeholder Identification .......................................................................................................... 44 7.2.2 Stakeholder Consultation Approach .......................................................................................... 45 7.2.3 Stakeholder Engagement during Design and Implementation ................................................... 47 7.3.4 Strategies for Inclusion of Women and Youth in VG ......................................................... 49 9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION .......................................................................................... 56 10. BUDGET REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VGPF ................................. 56 11. ANNEXES ...................................................................................................................................... 57 ANNEX I: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORKS - SUMMARY OF CONSULTATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 57 ANNEX II: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED ................................................................. 83 ANNEX III: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FROM CONSULTATION ON RISE PROGRAM FRAMEWORKS CONDUCTED ON JANUARY 09, 2020 ................................................................. 87 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1: RISE Program Implementation Location for Component 1 ........................................................ 19 Figure 2: The program Grievance Redress Mechanism flow chart ............................................................ 54 Figure 3: The proposed project Grievance Redress Mechanism flow chart for GBV Survivors ................ 55 Table 1: Rise Program Implementation Arrangements ............................................................................... 17 Table 2: RISE Program Impacts on Vulnerable Groups ............................................................................. 24 Table 3: FPIC Process for Vulnerable Groups............................................................................................ 39 Table 4: Summary of conducted stakeholders’ consultations ..................................................................... 42 Table 5: VGs Stakeholders Engagement Process Matrix ........................................................................... 46 Table 6: VGs Consultation Matrix .............................................................................................................. 50 Table 7: Stakeholders Consulted on VGPF and Concerns Raised .............................................................. 61 7 List of Acronyms CBOs Community Based Organizations CBRM Community Based Routine-maintenance Model CERC Contingency Emergence Response Component CMC Community Management Committees CSOs Civil Society Organizations DC District Council DPs Development Partners ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESS Environmental and Social Standard FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent GBV Gender Based Violence GoT Government of Tanzania GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HIV/AIDS Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HQ Head Quarter IAs Implementing Agencies IDA International Development Association LGAs Local Government Authorities MoHCDGEC Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children MoWTC Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication 8 NGOs Non-Governmental Organization OHS Occupational Health and Safety PMU Procurement Management Unit PO-RALG President’s Office Regional Administration and Local Government PSC Project Steering Committee PSVGP Project Specific Vulnerable Groups Plan RAP Resettlement Action Plan RISE Roads to Inclusion and Social Economic Opportunities SA Social Assessment SAGCOT Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SEP Stakeholders Engagement Plan TANROADS Tanzania National Roads Agency TARURA Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency VGP Vulnerable Group Plan VGPF Vulnerable Group Plan Framework VGs Vulnerable Groups WB World Bank 9 1. INTRODUCTION This document presents the Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) for the Roads to Inclusion and Socio-Economic Opportunities (RISE) Program. The objective of this VGPF is to provide guidance on the preparation of the Vulnerable Groups Plan (VGP) for the RISE Program. Nonetheless, the VGPF serves as a practical tool to ensure that individual projects within the RISE Program fully respect the dignity, human rights, economies and cultures of vulnerable groups, which includes: the Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities. The VGPF, details on agreed principles, policies, guidelines and procedures to be integrated into RISE Program’s individual projects’ implementation and assists in the achievement of the compliance with applicable National legislations relating to vulnerable groups persons and the relevant World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standard relating to the VGs (ESS7). Nonetheless, the VGPF aims at empowering the VGs whereas the empowerment should reflect their needs established by the project’s proponent through a thoroughly need assessment done through tailor-made and demand-driven public engagements approach as stipulated in ESS 10 and ESS 7.The Executive summary will be translated to Swahili language and in Local language once the Specific VG identified The RISE Program will be implemented in Tanzania. However, the specific sites and physical location of the individual projects that will form part of the RISE program once it has been rolled out through all the country are not known and as such, the details of activities and impacts are not specifically known. Thus, the VGPF, entails a screening process to determine whether the VGs are presented in or have a collective attachment to the project area; framework for consultation and participation where the project affects (both positively and negatively) the VGs, mechanism for managing impacts by developing appropriate mitigation/rehabilitation measures; mechanisms for soliciting input to improve project design so that it contributes to VG development; and a framework for monitoring such measures during the implementation. Additionally, the VGPF, spells out and summarizes the institutional arrangements for the implementation of mitigation measures, the monitoring arrangements, and capacity building needs. Screening conducted for the three (3) first generation sub-projects shows that there are no vulnerable groups within the alignment of the roads. 10 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RISE PROGRAM 2.1 Background to the RISE Program Rural connectivity remains a major development challenge for Tanzania which has a low Rural Access Index (RAI), an indicator that measures the fraction of people who have access to an all- season traversable road within a walking distance of 2 kilometers. The RAI for Tanzania, according to a recent study, is estimated at 24.6%, as compared to those of neighboring East African sister countries of Kenya and Uganda at 56% and 53%, respectively. This means that over three quarters of Tanzania’s population remain unconnected to an all-season traversable road. With 70 percent of Tanzania’s population being rural this figure equates to approximately 33 million of rural people. Despite, an overwhelming majority of Tanzania’s Trunk Road network, about 89%, is in good condition, substantial portion of the regional and district roads are in poor condition. Tanzania’s total network size is 144,000 kilometers comprising 35,000kilometers of trunk and regional roads. It is estimated that 26% of regional and 43% of district roads are in poor conditions. The recently approved National Transport Policy (NTP) of 2016 estimates that between 20,000 to 30,000 kilometers of the classified tertiary network (totaling 56,000kilometers) is not passable by normal motorized vehicles during the rainy season. The NTP acknowledges the critical role of rural roads in Tanzania’s development and aims to address the rural accessibility challenges through the improvement of rural transport infrastructure. Many of the agriculturally-rich areas in Tanzania remain unconnected year-round, owing to missing or unreliable road links, which have been hampering the extraction of full agriculture potentials from those areas and exacerbating transportation costs. Also, the rural roads are crucial for accessing social (e.g. schools, health centers) and economic (e.g. markets, employment centers) services and facilities. The World Bank is currently preparing the RISE Program, in collaboration with the Government of Tanzania (GoT) through its executive agencies, the Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA) and Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS), whose objective is “to improve rural road access and provide employment opportunities for population in selected rural areas and build capacity in the sustainable management of rural roads incorporating community engagement approaches, through the upgrading and maintenance of rural roads and providing sustained support to TARURA. 2.2 Description of the RISE Program Components The Roads for Inclusion and Social Economic Opportunities (RISE) Program to be financed by World Bank in Tanzania involves road infrastructure interventions to improve rural road access and provide employment opportunities for population in selected rural areas and build capacity in the sustainable management of rural roads incorporating community engagement approaches. During its six years of implementation, it is expected that the RISE Program will set the foundation for the management of rural roads in Tanzania in the medium term from the policy, 11 planning and implementation capacity perspectives. The RISE Program will assist in creating a philosophy of road asset management that will focus on the safe, inclusive and all-season access for rural communities to reach their social, education, health and financial services, and help link rural communities to markets and economic opportunities. Furthermore, the RISE Program will incorporate community engagement and gender-responsive approaches that will leverage social inclusion while reducing road safety risks. RISE will be implemented widely across all rural districts across mainland Tanzania with a programmatic approach that will benefit 25 regions (all except Dar Es Salaam). Component 1: Rural Road Development and Maintenance This component will improve rural road access and will generate rural employment through mutually reinforcing activities, including upgrades of rural regional and rural district roads networks to paved standard; bottleneck improvements in rural district roads; rural district road community-based routine maintenance (CBRM); and project management, monitoring and evaluation. (a) Subcomponent 1a: Regional Roads Upgrades - The subcomponent will support upgrading or rehabilitation of regional roads (approximately 170 km) in the six rural districts of KiloloDC, Mufindi DC and Iringa DC in Iringa region, Ruangwa DC in Lindi region, Handeni DC in Tanga region and Mbogwe DC in Geita region , to ensure all-season access. These roads will be improved to a bitumen paved standard, as justified from economic, social, and environmental viewpoints. This subcomponent will be implemented by TANROADS. (b) Subcomponent 1b: District Roads Uprades - This subcomponent will support upgrading or rehabilitation of rural district roads (approximately 400 km) to ensure all season access. These roads will be improved to a paved standard using cost- effective surfacing technologies (e.g. Otta-Seal), as justified from economic, social, and environmental viewpoints. Roads for upgrading will be selected from the rural road network of six districts across four regions: Handeni DC in Tanga, Mbogwe DC in Geita, Ruangwa DC in Lindi, and Iringa DC, Mufindi DC and Kilolo DC in Iringa. The subcomponent will include pre-investment studies for future rural district road investments across the country. This subcomponent will be implemented by TARURA. (c) Subcomponent 1c: District Roads Bottleneck Improvements - The subcomponent will support the removal of bottleneck (e.g. resiliency improvements, minor rehabilitation/upgrades, etc.) of rural district roads (up to 4,500 km) in all regions of Tanzania Mainland, excluding Dar Es Salaam. This subcomponent will be implemented by TARURA. 12 (d) Subcomponent 1d: Community Based Routine Maintenance. The subcomponent will support routine maintenance activities (23,000 km by Program completion) of rural district roads in 25 regions of Tanzania mainland (Dra Es Salaam excluded). Local communities will be involved in the routine road maintenance activities through different models for CBRM. Any road that will be upgraded through Subcomponent 1b will be maintained with CBRM to support sustainability of the assets. This subcomponent will be implemented by TARURA. (e) Subcomponent 1e: Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation. This subcomponent will support strengthening of TARURA’s institutional capacity for successful coordination and implementation of the program. This will include incremental administrative costs for the program delivery (including staff, audits, trainings and knowledge exchanges, and other goods and materials necessary for project management); operational support (including consulting and advisory services) for project management; ICT and office equipment; project audits; and all activities associated with program monitoring and evaluation and impact evaluation. Component 2: Institutional Strengthening and Human Capital Development The component will support building capacity in the sustainable management of rural roads in Tanzania. The component will primarily focus on TARURA but will also include selected support to other institutions including TANROADS, the MoWTC, and PO-RALG. This component will strengthen TARURA to achieve its objectives and deliver its functions in a modernized and sustainable way (including administrative and institutional, technical, and road safety). The component will also lay out a groundwork for a robust planning and policy delivery in the medium and long term strengthening sectoral policies and developing a National Rural Roads Plan and road sector human capital. The component will have four subcomponents: (a) Subcomponent 2a: Rural Road Sector Policy Framework. This subcomponent will assist the GoT with the review, development and updating of policies and strategies relevant to the sustainable management of the rural road subsector. This includes activities and studies associated with the development and implementation of a National Rural Roads Plan and Program and associated policies and strategies and a climate change resilience strategy and action plan for the Tanzania road sector. It will also provide support to selected institutional strengthening activities in PO- RALG and the MoWTC, and it will support the design of shared facilities and services strategy for TARURA and TANROADS and the identification of training needs for the road construction sector. (b) Subcomponent 2b: Institutional and Administrative Strengthening. This subcomponent will support TARURA’s institutional and administrative strengthening activities to accelerate TARURA becoming an efficient service delivery institution and assist in maximizing its value to the communities. This includes activities that will lead to the development of organization and human 13 resource (HR) and business plans addressing all functional areas and the implementation of these plans, including a functional and institutional review (FIR), internal policies and procedures, systems, digitalization, associated training, and equipment. (c) Subcomponent 2c: Technical Strengthening. The subcomponent will support the development and implementation of technical strengthening and capacity-building activities for modernized technical rural road asset management systems and processes (planning, design, development, operations, and maintenance) with strong attention to climate resilience. (d) Subcomponent 2d: Road Safety Development. The subcomponent will support a multidimensional approach to strengthen Tanzania’s transport sector capacity for rural road safety management. This will be accomplished through road safety institutional strengthening, inputs to road safety policy framework enhancement, road safety data management system strengthening, and capacity-building activities for road safety. Component 3: Community Engagement, Inclusion and Protection This component will focus on the institutional and technical tools and human capital for TARURA and TANROADS to engage with communities in road asset management, with special focus on groups in situations of vulnerability (e.g. low income and women) and during project preparation. The component will also include design of activities to tackle potentially sensitive community and social risks, specifically GBV risks, safety and health in the workplace, COVID- 19 and HIV/AIDS that can arise from the presence of the Program in the intervened areas. The component will be managed by TARURA but with involvement of TANROADS, the MoWTC, or PO-RALG, as applicable. The component has three subcomponents: a) Subcomponent 3a: Community Engagement. This subcomponent supports activities linked to the design and implementation of proactive policies and activities to involve communities in the program design and monitoring, including targeting low-income women and other groups in a situation of vulnerability; vulnerability and technical activities to institutionalize the people-centered design approach for rural road development; b) Subcomponent 3b Community Inclusion. This subcomponent will support the design and implementation of a national model for CBRM for TARURA, with particular emphasis on the participation of low-income women and other groups in a situation of vulnerability; and c) (Subcomponent 3c Community Protection. This subcomponent finances activities to 14 tackle potentially sensitive community and social risks, specifically GBV risks, including SEA, sexual harassment in the workplace, and infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS that can arise from the presence of the program in the intervened areas. Component 4: Contingency Emergency Response (CERC) This component will allow for reallocation of credit proceeds from Component 1 to provide immediate emergency recovery support following an eligible crisis or emergency. An Emergency Response Manual (ERM) was developed during preparation in coordination with TARURA, TANROADS, and the Prime Minister’s Office - Disaster Management Department, considering the fiduciary, safeguards, and monitoring and reporting, and other necessary coordination and implementation arrangements. 2.3. RISE Program Beneficiaries Overall, the main project beneficiaries are the rural population in the RISE project areas who will benefit from improved accessibility. The general population of Tanzania will benefit from the improvement in the management of their road assets, the increased capacity of their road agencies and by the enhancement of their sense of ownership of the project. Project related impacts will be assessed and evaluated with instruments and tools including an impact evaluation study to be included in Sub-component 1e. Component 1 will be implemented widely across all rural districts across mainland Tanzania with a programmatic approach that will benefit 25 regions (all except Dar Es Salaam). All communities including road users, rural households and the agriculture sector stakeholders that will be benefited from improved access to services, markets and opportunities, safer roads, improvement in transport services and reduction in travel costs and operation costs. All road users of rural roads (mainly pedestrians, bikers and those using motorized vehicles (mostly motorcycles and public transport), but also the minority users (trucks, lorries and automobiles) will benefit from improved, safer and resilient roads. Women will be among the most benefited from the “people centered approach”, since data shows that, for example, in the Kilolo district project area, 60% of pedestrians are women and of the 30% of people walking carrying loads, 70% are female. Children accessing schools will also be benefited through improved accessibility and better safety conditions. Other direct beneficiaries from this component are transport operators through reduction in travel times and operating costs derived from road’s improvements and maintenance. Sub-component 1d Community Based Routine Maintenance will also generate alternative employment opportunities beyond agriculture in rural communities. Components 2 and 4 will benefit the wider population of Tanzania from improved institutional capacities and coordination for road asset management, emergency management and integration of DRM approaches into transport sector strategies. Among other, capacity building will have a strong focus on risk management (including road safety) and enhancing TARURA’s capacity to engage in meaningful consultation with relevant stakeholders and project beneficiaries. Finally, Component 3, which is on Community Engagement, Inclusion and Protection, will benefit all the members of the community for the wider population of Tanzania with an emphasis on historically excluded groups from participating in the roads sector and benefiting from road’s accessibility. This will be done by understanding entry and retention barriers in the sector, in 15 addition to their mobility constraints to fully benefit from the roads. Commonly invisible groups for road design (women, elders, children, people with disability) will be benefited by being meaningful consulted on road design and management of social risks, with the potential of enhancing their sense of ownership of road assets and enhance the sustainability of the project. The Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework is designed to ensure inclusion of VGs into the Project design, planning and undertaking of planned activities to enhance development process with full respect to the dignity, human rights, economies, and culture of Vulnerable Groups. To ensure that the VGs get the maximum benefit from the project, the following will be done: i. Consultations with Non-governmental organizations and Community Based Organizations (NGOs and CBOs) representing the VGs to understand their needs and include this in the sub-project design; ii. Conduct consultations with the VGs in all phases of project design and implementation; iii. Establishment of a grievance management system for all sub-projects within VG areas; iv. The Program will ensure participation of VGs in order to benefit from program-related activities in a culturally acceptable was that may help them fulfill an aspiration to play an active and meaningful role in sustainable development; v. Recognition, respect and preserve the culture, knowledge and practice of the VG’s and to provide them with opportunity to adopt the changing conditions in a manner and in a time frame accessible to them. The implementation of VGPs in the Program to areas where there is VGs will help them in creating important opportunities for improving their quality of life and well –being. The project will help create improved access to markets, schools, clinics and other social services that seek to improve living conditions. 2.4 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements for the RISE Program Implementing Agencies (IAs).RISE Program will have two implementing agencies, TARURA and TANROADS whereas TARURA will be the lead coordinating agency. Given TANROADS extensive experience in implementing World Bank loans, TANROADS will provide TARURA with guidance during the implementation phase to assist TARURA build its capacity. Project Coordination; TARURA will create a RISE Project Coordination Group (PCG) to coordinate project activities. This PCG will have management oversight and reporting responsibilities for all components of the Project. This entity will integrate the financial and technical progress reports from each of the agencies being funded and carry out the overall M&E and Impact Evaluation for the Project. The full staffing of this PCG as set out in the Operational Manual (OM) will be required by project effectiveness and will include seasoned experienced staff. Both TARURA and TANROADS, as implementing agencies, will prepare annual work plans and budgets to be submitted to the PCG for approval by the Project Steering Committee. Implementing Agencies by Component; TARURA will be the responsible implementing agency for Sub-component1.b District Roads Upgrades, Subcomponent 1. c District Roads Bottleneck Improvements, 1.d Community Based Routine Maintenance, 1.e Project 16 Management, Monitoring and Evaluation; and all activities in Component 2 Institutional Strengthening and Human Capital Development, , Component 3 Community Engagement, Inclusion and Protection, and Component 4 CERC except for those selected activities that will be implemented by TANROADS as depicted in Table 1. The OM will indicate which responsibilities will be advanced by TARURA Headquarters, TARURA Regional Management offices and TARURA Council Management Offices. It is expected that TARURA Headquarters will initially implement all TARURA RISE activities and, as the capacity of regional coordination and district councils is strengthened, maintenance (Sub-components 1.c and 1.d-) may be decentralized. Activities for institutional strengthening of MoWTC or PO-RALG under Sub-component 2.a Rural Road Sector Policy Framework will be implemented by TARURA but with technical leadership from the beneficiary institution. TANROADS will be the responsible implementing agency for Sub-component1.a Regional Roads Upgrades; and selected activities in Sub-components 1.e Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation, 2.c Technical Strengthening, 2.d Road Safety Development, and Component 4 CERC. The OM will indicate which responsibilities will be advanced by TANROADS Headquarters or by TANROADS Regional Management Offices. Table 1: Rise Program Implementation Arrangements RISE Implementation Arrangements Project Coordination ✓ TARURA (PCG) Implementing Agency Component Sub-component TARURA TANROADS C1. Rural Road 1a. Regional Roads Upgrades ✓ Development and 1b. District Roads Upgrades ✓ Maintenance 1c. District Roads Bottleneck Improvements ✓ 1d. Community Based Routine Maintenance ✓ 1e. Project Management, Monitoring and ✓ ✓ Evaluation C2. Institutional 2a. Rural Road Sector Policy Framework ✓ Strengthening (*,+) and Human 2b.Institutional & Administrative ✓ Capital Strengthening Development 2c. Technical Strengthening ✓ ✓ 2d. Road Safety Development (*) ✓ ✓ C3. Community Engagement, Inclusion and Protection ✓ C4. Contingency Emergency Response ✓ ✓ + Note: Specific activities to be technically led by MoWTC (*) and PO-RALG ( ) but administratively managed by TARURA TARURA and TANROADS will be responsible for overall planning and management of the VGs Plans. At the Regional level, TARURA (in all project participating regions) and TANROADS (within Iringa, Geita, Lindi and Tanga regions) will appoint one (1) Social Specialist in each region who will be responsible for social development and risk management including screening for VGs in sub-projects and preparation of VGPs in line with this VGPF. The regional personnel will work under the supervision and guidance of the Social Safeguard team from Head Quarters in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam respectively. The Social Specialists will 17 be responsible for the following: vi. Awareness creation at Ward and Village level about the VGP; vii. Facilitating community identification of key activities to be included into subproject specific VG Plans; viii. Ensuring that VG Plans are budgeted for and implemented; ix. Participating in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of subproject specific VG Plans; x. Reviewing and compiling quarterly progress reports on the implementation of VG Plans; xi. Establishing and maintaining updated grievance databases xii. Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the VG Plans; and xiii. Undertaking Social Assessments and developing VGPs. RISE Steering Committee. A Steering Committee (or equivalent) will be created to agree on actions and decisions pertaining to the implementation of the RISE Program. The Steering Committee will be in place by Project Effectiveness and will meet at least biannually. It will be co-chaired by the Permanent Secretaries of PO-RALG, Ministry of Natural resource and tourism MoWTC and MoHCDGEC. This Steering Committee will be comprised of TARURA, TANROADS, PO-RALG, MoWTC and Ministry of Finance. RFB and Land Transport Regulatory Authority (LANTRA) will also be invited to the meetings on an as needed basis. TARURA and TANROADS will also present the development projects to be implemented with Sub-component 1a Regional Roads Upgrades and Sub-component 1b District Roads Upgrades in Iringa (Iringa DC, Mufindi DC and Kilolo DC), Tanga (Handeni DC), Geita (Mbogwe DC and Lindi (Ruangwa DC) to the Regional Roads Board, under the chairmanship of the Regional commissioner, to ensure continuing political buy-in by regional stakeholders. Subsidiary Agreement; RISE financing agreed with the Ministry of Finance that will flow to TANROADS will be governed by a subsidiary agreement acceptable to IDA. This subsidiary agreement will lay out the fund flow, implementation and reporting requirements. Direct funding to TANROADS may only begin once the subsidiary agreement, and an associated set of fiduciary systems including financial management and procurement systems acceptable to IDA, are in place. It is estimated that this will take place by effectiveness. 2.5 RISE Program Location Figure 2-1 below depicts the location for the implementation of Component 1 of the RISE Program which will be implemented widely across all rural districts across mainland Tanzania with a programmatic approach that will benefit 25 regions (all except Dar Es Salaam). 18 Figure 1: RISE Program Implementation Location for Component 1 19 3. BASELINE OF VULNERABLE GROUPS AND RELATED SOCIAL ISSUES Vulnerability can be defined as “the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard”, Disaster and Crisis Management, (IFRC 2012). Unquestionably, the concept is comparative and dynamic and most often associated with poverty. Nonetheless, vulnerability might also arise when people are isolated, insecure and unable to defend themselves in the wake of a risk, shock or stress. Hence, vulnerability has got two elements - exposure to the hazard and the ability to cope. 3.1 General Characteristics of Vulnerable Groups Vulnerable Groups have the following characteristics as defined in ESS7: i. Self-identification as members of a distinct social and cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; and ii. Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats, ancestral territories or areas of seasonal use or occupation, as well as to the natural resources in those areas; and iii. Customary cultural, economic or social or political institutions that are distinct or separate from those of the mainstream society or culture; and iv. A distinct language or dialect, which is often different from the official language of the country or region in which they reside. 3.2 Vulnerable Groups in Tanzania The following VGs are present in Tanzania as shown in Figure 3-1: i. The Hadzabe live around Lake Eyasi and are mainly found in Mkalama, Karatu, Mbulu and Meatu Districts. ii. The Akie, also called Ndorobo are found in Kiteto District in Manyara region and also Kilindi district in Tanga region, Ngorongoro in Arusha region and Kilosa in Morogoro region. iii. The Sandawe people live at Chemba and Kondoa in Dodoma region. iv. The Maasai are found mainly at, Ngorongoro, Simanjiro, Monduli districts and parts of Manyara and Arusha region.Morogoro,Pwani Tanga ,Mbeya ,Iringa and Kilimanjaro v. The Barbaig, also known as Datoga, occupy the northern volcanic highlands near Mount Hanang and around the Rift Valley, and are mainly found in Hanang, Babati and Karatu Districts. vi. Parakuyo are found in Tanga Region and even more to the south, dispersed over several regions (Morogoro, Iringa and Mbeya). The Hadzabe: are a hunter-gatherer population consisting of approximately 1000-1500 individuals who live near Lake Eyasi and Meatu. They speak Hadzabe a click language. As hunter gathers the Hadzabe move within and between traditional areas near Lake Eyasi although they have also utilized land in Yaeda Valley, Mount Oldeani and the Serengeti Plains. The Hadzabe usually live in camps of 20-40 people who will decide where to undertake hunting and 20 gathering based on their knowledge of the land. These camps may break up and reform (with different members) depending on the needs of the people, to resolve conflict or due to illness. The Hadza are broadly egalitarian and therefore do not have a determined hierarchy. While men and elders may receive more respect women are equal. Within the Hadzabe men hunt small animals within their areas, women collect herbs and fruits from the forest, including honey from traditional bee hives to feed their families. Women are also responsible for taking care of the family and building the homes (which belong to them). The most important wild foods in the Hadzabe diet are large and small game, baobab, berries, several types of wild honey, and tubers. The Hadzabe, traditionally own land communally. However, this is changing and some currently own land pieces individually. The Akie: are a hunter-gatherer population consisting of approximately 5000 individuals who live in the Kiteto &Simanjiro District in ManyaraRegion and also Kilindi district in Tanga region region and Kilosa in Morogoro region. They speak the Akie language. Traditionally, the Akie foraged over large areas with their family groups occasionally establishing semi-permanent villages. However, competition for land (both with the Maasai, agriculturalists and hunting concessions) has reduced the amount of land and water available to them resulting in the community becoming more settled. Many Akie now live in more established villages from which will head into the bush for several days or weeks, hunting and gathering honey. As they have become more settled many Akie now also grow maize however harvests of are often small affecting food security. The Akie also trade in honey and dairy products. The Akie have customarily considered their lands communal. However, some individuals and groups are now seeking land titles to protect their rights to traditional lands. The Sandawe: were traditionally hunter gatherers and consist of approximately 40,000 people who speak the tonal Sandawe language. The Sandawe live in isolated scattered homesteads in Dodoma Region. They adopted agriculture practices from their neighbours and grow their staple crops of millet, sorghum and increasingly, maize. Women stay at home taking care of children and cultivating crops while men go for hunting and tend to any animals kept. The Sandawe also have a tradition of mutual cooperation in such things as hoeing and building temporary huts and organising informal parties to hunt. Households, each comprising a nuclear family, are organized into patrilineal exogamous clans that form the basis for autonomous local communities. The Sandawe were forced to settle at the time of the “villagization” policy in Tanzania, at the village of Farkwa and to engage in agriculture, as were the neighboring peoples. The Barbaig: are traditionally pastoralists near Mount Hanang consisting of approximately 35000-50000 people and are the largest group amongst the Datoga people. They are organized into familial clans with a common ancestor. Each clan has a clan head who convenes the clan's affairs through a clan council. Social order is maintained through a series of councils or jural moots that have different authorities dealing with community-wide issues, clan matters, neighborhood issues, and offences by men against women. Serious offences are dealt with by selected senior elders. The Barabaig traditionally lived by hunting and animal husbandry 21 including goats and sheet but cattle for milk production are central to the lives of the Barbaig. Animals are kept as assets to absorb shocks in case of natural calamities and emerging uncertainties. Climatic changes resulting in drought and competition for their traditional lands have resulted in insufficient pasture and water for livestock. This has forced them to start practicing agriculture by engaging in subsistence farming during the rainy season. The Barbaig grow crops including maize, sorghum, beans and increasingly sunflowers. Traditionally, men usually take care of their animals and women take care of children. In the Barbaig (Datoga) land for homesteads is held under customary private ownership; land is inherited by the father (owners) sons. The result of this inheritance pattern (and a continued growth in population) is that increasingly, smaller farms are being inherited. However, most pasture land and natural resources are considered to be under customary communal ownership. The Maasai: are pastoralists and warriors using spears, shields and clubs. There are estimated to be 2 million Maasai in Tanzania. Maasai society is patriarchal with elder males making most of the decisions for the group. The Maasai practice polygamy with each wife having her own house. Boys are expected to shepherd the family’s cattle (which provides their main food sources: meat, milk and blood). Girls help their mothers gather firewood, cook and handle most of the family’s other domestic responsibilities. Traditionally, the Maasai practiced pastoralism across Southern Higland and Northern Tanzania including on land that now forms part of the Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area. As a result of pressure on land associated with increased population, decreases in herd size, competing land uses (with other tribes, national parks and agricultural development, the Maasai are increasingly growing crops (notably maize) as well as moving to other areas in search of pasture. Maasai people are also increasing taking up formal and waged employment. Among the Maasai, land is a collective asset that defines identity by distinguishing the extent of ethnic territory from others and supports livelihood. It is not transferable nor is it for speculative investment. Land use originally was universally for pastoralism, that is, the raising and keeping of livestock. This has also changed over the years. Parakuyo: (estimated population: 50,000), are found in Tanga Region and even more to the south, dispersed over several regions (Morogoro, Iringa and Mbeya), where they are still considered as ―migrants, although many of them came as early as the 1950s. 3.3 Challenges Facing Vulnerable Groups Despite their distinct ways of life and differences, these communities share some common challenges in terms of maintaining their traditional ways of life, access to land and as a result of changes associated with climate change. Such issues include: i. Hunting and gathering and pastoralism as a means of livelihood has been diminishing due to harsh climatic conditions which has resulted in the decline of wild animals for hunting, depletion of natural resources including agricultural land and water. This has resulted in 22 an increase in subsistence farming although this is often characterized by low yield and unreliable rainfall. ii. Government laws prohibit hunting without a license and restrict hunting (and grazing) in national parks which restrict the possibility of hunting as the cost of the licenses is prohibitively expensive for these groups. iii. Their land is being highly encroached by other ethnic groups. As a result, VGs face scarcity of land for practicing their traditional activities, pastoralists or as hunter- gatherers, something which contributes to a shift in their economic activities to small- scale farming or casual labour to survive. iv. Hunter-gatherers have tended to be more isolated from communities and decision making. This is due in part to their lifestyle. In order to address encroachment of land on which VGs depend, the Village Councils have been mandated to establish a land register at the village level to enable people to get customary land ownership. The initiative also facilitates women to possess land legally and plays a role in solving land conflicts in the respective areas. Generally, the availability of social services is minimal in the areas where these communities reside. They usually stay in the peripheral areas and as a result, even if the facilities are available, they need to travel long distance to access those services. Given the nature of villages in VGs area, children have to walk long distances to school, which emphasizes the need for additional schools in their sub villages. Boarding schools may also help VGs children gain access to education since their parents are moving from one place to another. 3.4 Possible Impacts on the Vulnerable Groups The RISE Program implementation within Tanzania may affect VGs as there could be issues of physical and economic displacements and other impacts as addressed in the ESSs: ESS 1- Assessment and management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; ESS 2- Labor and Working Conditions; ESS 3 - Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management; ESS 4 - Community Health and Safety; ESS 5 - Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement; ESS 6 - Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources; ESS 7 - Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities and ESS 8 - Cultural Heritage. These will also call for the implementation of the ESS 10 to engage the VGs towards specific mitigation plans of the impacts as stated in Table 2 below. 23 Table 2: RISE Program Impacts on Vulnerable Groups S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution 1 Access to the Inequitable access to the roads/ due to distance • Review of Design Plans related to Project Planning TARURA, roads from their distanced communities, especially if roads to ensure they include TANROADS, the road is located near to an existing (larger) consideration of VGs for equitable Local village which is made up in full or part of access to benefits of the road to be Government people who are not from the vulnerable group. improved. Authority • Location of VGs should be considered (Infrastructure during planning of the road where sub- Committees), projects will be located as per the siting Consultants criteria in the ESMF. for ESIA & • Engagement with VGs over access to RAP, district roads to meet their needs. Contractors 2 Support to the Unacceptability and / or inadequate support of • Encourage and enable involvement of On-going TARURA, project the project from the VGs if they are not fully VGs in early planning, implementation throughout the TANROADS, involved from the project inception. This and supervision of the project through project phases LGAs includes consideration of the types of roads to stakeholder engagement. but focused (Infrastructure be involved e.g. community roads as well as • Inclusion of VGs representatives in effort during the Committees), their opinions/input into elements such as the roads Infrastructure committees where preparation of Consultants safe road’s program. relevant. projects. for ESIA & • Stakeholder engagement in relevant RAP, languages and in a manner that meets Contractors their cultural norms and other needs (braille, translations and Interpretations). 3 Access to Conflict may arise over access to natural • Engagement of the VGs on the use of On-going but TARURA, natural resources needed to construct and operate the identified natural resources. focused effort TANROADS, resources roads in particular water sources, the location • Agreement on the use/ shared use of during the Local of quarries and land acquisition, etc. such resources. preparation of Government For water, this is a particular risk in areas • Consultation and agreement on the projects. Authority affected by drought and or climate change; the location of borrow pits, (which in (Infrastructure VGs happen to be linked to their land hence principal should follow the guidelines Committees), poses a risk when land is acquired and similar to those of siting and opening Consultants transformed into a road. up if mines), use and rehabilitation for ESIA & following project construction. RAP, • If needed identify alternative resources Contractors 24 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution regardless of the distances and accessibility 4 In-migration The presence of regional and districts roads • Village/Ward Infrastructure On-going but TARURA, may contribute to immigration leading to Committees to consider risks when focused effort TANROADS, further conflict over land, access to natural planning where to site roads. during the Local resources and equitable access to benefits from • Provide awareness to VGs community preparation of Government roads. • Enforcement of land act and projects. Authority regulations (Infrastructure Committees), Consultants for ESIA & RAP, Contractors 5 Siting of Encroachment onto traditional land or cultural • Presence of VGs to be determined as Project TARURA, Facilities such as sites of VGs resulting in Project delays, conflict part of the screening process. Development TANROADS, Road etc. • Early engagements with VGs to Local Construction identify any existing challenges with Government Workers’ camps location, their preferences etc. so as to Authority determine if the site is feasible. (Infrastructure • Development of a VGP to address Committees), impacts associated with the presence of Consultants VGs, for ESIA & • Development and implementation of a RAP, enhanced consultation process to Contractors demonstrate if there is support for the sub-project activities in VG areas, 6 Loss of culture VGs may fear that, using a certain road which • Ensuring that VGs are consulted in the Prior to TARURA, and traditional they had little or no involvement in during its sub-project design; undertaking TANROADS, practices planning and construction and where there are • Provide culturally appropriate training any Project Local other people from other groups using the same components in Government road may erode their pride, culture and and information in local languages on districts where Authority traditional practices. the importance of road development VGs are based. (Infrastructure within their community by using their On-going Committees), role models. Ensure that FPIC process Consultants is followed earlier on in the planning for ESIA & and continuously, through other road RAP, Contractors 25 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution development cycle stages 7 Increased risk of Impacts associated with the presence of an • Provide culturally appropriate training Prior to TARURA, GBV/SEA external male workforce during construction of and information in Kiswahili and other undertaking TANROADS, a road may result in increased risk of local languages and include in national any Project Local GBV/SEA, increased disease transmission for campaigns making use of the strategies components in Government example HIV/AIDS. In addition, cultural norms in the SEP. districts where Authority in these groups may make reporting incidences • Ensure that GRM allows for VGs are based. (Infrastructure of GBV/SEA as well as certain diseases more confidential reporting by VGs and On-going Committees), difficult. access to referral and aftercare Consultants services. for ESIA & • Code of Conduct for workers to avoid RAP, negative interactions should be Contractors imposed and implemented as prescribed in the LMP. • Training of workers on the code of conduct. 8 Non-inclusion of • Inadequate participation of VG women in • Ensure equal participation of women Prior to TARURA, women’s and decision-making processes and therefore and children within VGs during undertaking TANROADS, children’s needs low acceptance of roads consultations and in decision-making any Project Local (and other VGs) VG children neglected in decision making this may require specific focus group components in Government due to lack of hence their needs on a roads like safety (safe discussions with women and children districts where Authority consultation way to school) are not met from VGs with facilitators they are VGs are based. (Infrastructure during discussion comfortable talking with in local On-going Committees), of social and languages. Consultants developmental • Continuous awareness-raising of for ESIA & issues women’s and children’s (and other RAP, VGs) rights to land, natural resources Contractors NGOs, CBOs and livelihoods. 9 The RISE • Reduced ecosystem services and goods • To ensure that noise, dust and Throughout the TARURA, program’s on which the VGs rely on for their daily vibrations levels are at minimal levels project life TANROADS, implementation subsistence, for example the hunters and as per National‘s regulations and cycle. Local activities could gatherers could face difficulties as World Bank’s Environmental and Government impair ecosystem animals birds, honey and fruits supply Social Standards so as to protect the Authority functioning. from their ecosystem may decline due to ecosystems and ensure their ecological (Infrastructure impacts of roads construction activities balance is To mitigate water pollution Committees), Consultants 26 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution such as noise, increased duct levels and within ecosystem boundaries and at the /Contractors, vibrations from roads construction catchment boundaries relevant for NGOs, CBOs. equipment. project sites; • To minimize earth movements and sub sequential alluvial deposition so as to protect the biodiversity (fruits trees, trees producing edible roots, flowers) 10 Increased • Exclusion of VGs from the Project • Use of communication mechanisms Prior to TARURA, vulnerability of resulting in lack of access to benefits and that will assure their participation in undertaking TANROADS, VGs due to potentially greater levels of impacts the project including specific meetings any Project Local communication compared to other communities. with VGs, NGOs representing their components in Government barriers rights etc. districts where Authority(Infr • Use of local leaders from their groups VG are based. astructure for effective communication On-going Committees), • Development and implementation of a Consultants Vulnerable Groups Plan where VGs for ESIA & are present in the project area. RAP, • Appropriate communication Contractors framework for a project to ensure VGs NGOs, CBOs voices are heard, pending issues resolved and grievances heard. • Use of local languages in meetings with VGs via translators and interpreters if needed. • Access to information in local languages not just Kiswahili where relevant. • Ensuring that VGs community leaders are involved in all discussions especially where these groups have no or limited involvement in Village Councils. 11. Opening up of • The VGs, for example, poor local women • Through proper planning and Throughout the TARURA, development will be more exposed to more implementation and especially through project cycle TANROADS, corridors by opportunities and engage themselves as the RISE program’s CBRM Model, Local RISE Program laborers’ and hence improvement of their and Component 3 (Community Government 27 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution livelihoods; Engagement, Inclusion and Protection), Authority • Increased economic opportunities to TARURA to sensitize and assist in (Infrastructure women and the youth which may involve breaking participation barriers for the Committees), trading with far away business centres; VGs. C Contractors, • Increased movement of goods and NGOs, CBOs services; • Improved access to social amenities for example access to school, bus stops, market places and health services, increased socialization/mingling of the VGs with the rest of the community; • Land and properties’ value owned the VGs along the improved roads will be increased. 12. Community • Improved Road safety to the VGs within • Through proper planning and Throughout the TARURA, participation and their localities; implementation of the RISE program’s project cycle TANROADS, road safety • Improved Safe Ways to School for the Philosophy of “People Centered Local improvement school children. Design” and Component 3 ( Government • Increased road access for the people Community Engagement, Inclusion Authority living with disabilities as they can safely and Protection); (Infrastructure use the pedestrian walkways. • Mass sensitization towards proper use Committees), • Increases safe access to the motorcyclists of the road safety infrastructures to Consultants, and bicyclists realize designed value for money. Contractors • Reduction of vandalism to road furniture. NGOs, CBOs. 13 The impact of • High and faster traffic roads may • Conducting road safety audits and Throughout TARURA, roads with increase the impacts (accidents) to the involving the community to the project life TANROADS faster traffic on traditional lifestyle such as cattle understand current road uses and cycle. Consultants, traditional grazing and migration path perceived risks of road after Contractors lifestyles rehabilitation and/or spot and Local maintenance; Government • Under the ESIAs ensure Authority participatory community resources (such as grazing fields and cattle crossings) in VG areas are mapped and risks associated with their 28 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution usage and traffic in the improved road are understood and mitigated; • Provision of cattle crossing are provided at exactly needed point (to ensure safety of livestock from and to the grazing areas). 14 Loss of land • Loss of land subject to traditional • FPIC consultations; Throughout TARURA ownership or under customary use of • Compensation for land loss as per the project life and occupation (including nomadic the provisions in the RISE cycle. TANROADS groups’ use) Program’s RPF and inline with agreed principles during negotiations with the VGs. 29 4 POLICY FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING VULNERABLE GROUPS Notably, the GoT has no specialized policy or legislation in favour of VGs. Nonetheless, despite having voted in favour for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples way back in 2007, it has not prepared any policy or legislation to specifically favour them. The implementation of the RISE Program will benefit not only from a diversity of national policies and legislations that reflect on the interests of the indigenous people as described below but also from the backing offered by the new ESS 7. These national policies and legislations favoring the VGs are described below: i. The National Land Policy of 1995 which advocates for equitable distribution and access to land by all citizens and aims at ensuring that existing rights in land especially customary rights of small holders such as peasants and herdsmen who form the majority of the country’s population are recognized, clarified, and secured by law. Under the policy framework, land is to be put to its most productive use to promote rapid social and economic development and hence provision of livelihood to VGs is guaranteed. RISE Program implementation will abide to the policy through all stages of its projects preparation. ii. The National Human Settlement Policy of 2000 whose two among its 14 main objectives of “making available the serviced land for shelter and human settlement development in general to all sections of the community including women, youth, the elderly, disabled and vulnerable communities” and “improving the level of provision of infrastructure and social services for sustainable human settlement development” are of relevance to the RISE Program. RISE Program will abide to the policy and ensure that no individual, including the VGs is left without a settlement during and after the implementation of the program. iii. The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997 whose main objective is to promote and ensure a secure land tenure system to encourage optimal use of land resources and facilitate broad-based social and economic development without upsetting or endangering the ecological balance of the environment. The RISE Program will have to put up tools to protect the land use plan within the implementation projects sites so as to protect the rights of hunters, gatherers, livestock keepers, and specific use endowed to the VGs. iv. The National Gender Policy of 2002 whose main objective is to provide guidelines to ensure gender sensitive plans, programs and strategies in all sectors and institutions are adhered to in favor of the VGs. This enables gender equality based strategies on poverty eradication through ensuring that both women and men get equal access to existing resources for their development and underscoring the important role played by women in bringing about development within the society. The RISE Program will have to ensure gender equality and easy availability of resources to the VGs through 30 putting up gender adherence plans within all the projects’ Environmental and Social Management Plans. v. Law of the Child Act No 21 of 20thNovember 2009 calls for reforms and consolidation of laws relating to children, stipulates rights of the child and promotes, protects and maintains the welfare of a child in conjunction with international and regional conventions on the rights of the child; provides for affiliation, foster care, adoption and custody of the child; further regulate employment and apprenticeship as it pertains to the child and makes provisions with respect to a child in conflict with law and provides for related matters. vi. The National Policy on HIV/AIDS of 2001whose main goal is to provide guidance for coordination of the national multi-sectoral response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and call for formulation, by all sectors, of appropriate interventions which will be effective in preventing transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, protecting and supporting the poverty stricken VGs through mitigation of the social and economic impact of HIV/AIDS during the RISE Program implementation which will increase people movement into and out of the projects’ site areas from HIV/AIDs prevalence urban and foreign areas resulting into increased transmissions of the pandemic. vii. The Land Act No 4 and 5 of 1999whoseCap. 113, recognizes three categories of land as general, village and reserved and underscores the ‘hazard land’ whose development might lead to environmental damage, for example wetlands, mangrove swamps and coral reefs, steep lands and other areas of environmental significance or fragility. Nonetheless, the Act also recognizes customary tenure as of equal status to granted rights of occupancy and allows livestock keepers to own pasture lands either individually or in groups. Importantly, the land act promotes gender equality by recognizing equal access to land ownership and use by all citizens -men and women and giving them equal representation on the land committees. The RISE Program will adhere to the act and through site specific-prepared Resettlement Plan Framework (RPF) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) land right of the VGs will be protected throughout the projects implementation cycle. viii. The National Climate Change Strategy of 2012 whose goal is to enable Tanzania to effectively adapt to and participate in the global efforts to mitigate climate change with a view to achieving sustainable economic growth in the context of Tanzania’s national development blueprint, Vision 2025; Five Years National Development plan; and national cross sectorial policies in line with established international policy frameworks. The RISE Program implementation may be strongly affected by the Climate Change effects; hence, mitigation is necessary for resilience and adaptation to protect the VGs and to also realize roads which are climate resilience and hence ensuring value for money. ix. The National Environmental Policy of 1997which seeks to improve conditions of degraded areas including rural and urban settlements in order that all Tanzanians may 31 live in safe and healthful productive and aesthetically pleasant surroundings, raise the awareness and understanding of the essential linkages between environment and development and to promote individual and community participation in environmental management actions and to ensure sustainability, security and equitable use of natural resources enabling sustainability. x. Environmental Management Act 2004 Section 7 (1) whose objective is to provide for and promote the enhancement, protection, conservation and management of the environment. Nonetheless, in achieving this objective section 7 (3) (b) reiterates that effects to the environment be prevented or minimized through long term integrated planning and coordination, integration and corporation of efforts, which consider the entire environment as a whole entity, whereas section 7 (3) (g) insist on access to justice which gives individual, the public and interest groups of persons the opportunity to protect their rights to participation and contest decisions that do not take their interest into account. Such sections emphasize the importance of consultation and ultimate participation of VGs in the RISE Program implementation. xi. The Cultural Heritage Policy of 2008 which recognizes the public as the main custodian of cultural resources, and that its implementation underscores the full participation of the public. The RISE Program will thus ensure conservation of all cultural heritage sites during implementation of its projects. xii. The World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards sets out requirements to the borrowers, guides the implementation of the VGPF through the identification and assessment of environmental and social risks and impacts posed by the RISE Program to the VGs. The RISE Program falls within the jurisdiction of the Environmental and Social Standards based on its time frame and specifically the ESS7 which requires TARURA and TANROADS to perform an analysis of the direct and indirect socio- economic, cultural and environmental risks and impacts the RISE Program will have on the VGs through enabling them to participate in the project design and implementations through culturally acceptable consultations and devising a bespoke Grievance Redress Mechanism for the VGs. 32 5 VULNERABLE GROUPS PLAN 5.1 Screening for Presence of VGs Screening the presence of VGs will be a mandatory requirement prior to the implementation of the RISE project components. This will be done to determine whether VGs are present or have collective attachment to the project area. The screening will be carried out by TARURA / TANROADS Social Specialists at the regional and district levels with the assistance of Environmental and Social Specialists located at the headquarters who are well versed in the social and cultural issues of the VGs in the project area. Such screening will need to be undertaken to the satisfaction of the Bank, prior to the implementation of activities. It is important during the screening phase of the project implementation to carefully identify who will be affected (positively or negatively) by the selected projects as it may not impact the entire group or it may impact non-vulnerable groups living in their midst or parts of several different groups only some of which are VGs. Procedures for screening are presented in the ESMF. According to the above stated definition and characteristics of VGs, five groups of VGs in Tanzania have been identified in this framework (Maasai (also their sub-group Parakuyo), Sandawe, Hadzabe, Akie and Barbaig). Therefore, if the project will have influence in the location of these VGs, a Social Assessment (SA) analysis and Vulnerable Groups Plan (VGP) will be planned. Screening has been conducted for the three (3) first generation projects and no VGs were identified along the proposed sub-project roads alignment and thus no VGPs will be prepared for them. 5.2 Social Assessment Process Prior to the implementation of any activities in a district where screening has identified the presence of VGs an SA will be undertaken by team of experts (led by the TARURA and/or TANROADS Social Specialist) from the region/district to conclude that VGs are present in or have collective attachment to the project area. The team of experts for the project will carry out a SA to evaluate the project’s potential positive and adverse effects on the VGs. The scope and type of analysis required for the SA will correspond to the nature and scale of the proposed project’s potential impacts on the Vulnerable Groups present in the project area. The PCG (led by the TARURA and/or TANROADS Social Specialist) will prepare detailed Terms of Reference (ToR) for the SA study once it is determined that VGs are present. The ToR for the SA will be shared with World Bank for clearance. The experts will gather relevant information from focus group discussions. Discussions will focus on sub-project positive and negative impacts; and recommendations for design of Project that are needed for the VGs to benefit from the project. TARURA and/or TANROADS Social Specialist(s) will be responsible for reviewing the SA and providing the necessary recommendation on involvement of VGs and ways to ensure they benefit from the project. 33 The SA will use quantitative analysis for information on issues such as population structure, educational level and socioeconomic indicators. Qualitative information will also be gathered on ways of life, livelihoods etc. Participatory assessments will also be undertaken to gather the views of stakeholders. The process of gathering baseline information1 for further monitoring will be through a participatory rural appraisal mapping exercise involving the VGs in the proposed sub-project area or district. The SA will also identify vulnerable individuals within the VG communities and the reasons for their vulnerability, explore ways in in which inclusive stakeholder engagement can be culturally appropriate and productive, explore how grievances are best managed within the context of the project GRM or separately. Mapping the community resources where the project investments are targeted will determine the sphere of influence, how the vulnerable communities utilize said resources so as identify how the project can avoid impacts to these resources and enhance potential benefits. Regarding customary rights of VGs to use of common resources, the mapping will provide information on (i) location and size of the area and condition of resources, (ii) primary users, including those that belong to VGs that currently use or depend on these common resources, (iii) secondary users and the types of uses they make, (iv) the effects of these uses on the VGs, and (vi) mitigation measures of adverse impacts if any. Based on the information collected, comparative analysis will be used to determine the natures and degrees of different benefits and impacts for the project by considering project alternatives in the sub-project area, which will be verified with the VGs. 5.3 Preparation of Vulnerable Groups Plan Projects Specific Vulnerable Group Plans (PSVGPs) will be prepared when activities have been identified in areas where Vulnerable Groups are present or in which they have a collective attachment, as determined during the screening process. The PSVGP will be developed by the TARURA and/or TANROADS Social Specialists. The SA will give baseline data of the demographic, economic, social, cultural and political characteristics, land use as well as natural resources in the area of which the VGs depend on. Based on the findings of SA, the PSVGP will provide guidance on social, economic, or cultural issues to be addressed during design, construction and implementation of the project. The PSVGP will be developed to reflect the social-cultural activities, geographical location and livelihood activities of the respective community as well as the risks and impact of the project to the VGs. Specific elements of the PSVGP are described below i. Aspirations, needs, and preferred options of the affected vulnerable groups; ii. Local social organization, beliefs, ancestral territory, and resource use patterns among the affected vulnerable groups that relate to the project; 1Baseline information on education, employment, demographic social, cultural, and political characteristics of the affected VGs, the land and territories that they have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, and the natural resources on which they depend. 34 iii. Potential positive and negative impacts and risks on vulnerable groups; iv. Measures to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts and risks; v. The requirements for FPIC where relevant; vi. Measures to ensure project benefits will accrue to vulnerable groups; vii. The possibility of involving local CBOs and NGOs representing VGs; viii. Specific requirements related to stakeholder engagement and the GRM for VGs. ix. Budget allocation; and x. Monitoring. 5.4 Impact Identification The assessment of project benefits and adverse impacts will be conducted based on free, prior, and informed consultation, with the affected VGs. The determination of potential adverse impacts will entail an analysis of the vulnerability of, and risks to, the affected VGs given their distinct circumstances and close ties to land and natural resources, as well as their lack of access to opportunities relative to other social groups in the communities or districts in which they live. An analysis of additional adverse impacts on groups further vulnerable to exclusion or negative impacts, such as women, will be undertaken. 5.5 Determination of Mitigation Measures This will involve identification and evaluation of mitigation measures necessary to avoid adverse effects, or if such measures are not feasible, the identification of measures to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects, and to ensure that the VGs receive culturally appropriate benefits under the project in a participatory manner. Mitigation measures may involve compensation as well and typical mitigation actions or compensations. The appropriateness of these measures will be agreed with VGs through the FGDs and stakeholder engagement prior to finalizing the plan. 5.6 Capacity Building During the vulnerable Groups orientation and mobilization process, the interest, capacity and skills of the VGs and their institutions, CBOs and NGOs, including social screening, will be assessed. If required the VGPF will propose the provision of training for the VGs in among others resource mapping, monitoring and evaluation. This will be financed by the project under the budget allocated for the implementation of the VGPs prepared for the sub-projects as required. The TARURA and/or TANROADS headquarters will provide training and guidance to the regional and district staff on social assessment, implementation of the VGPF and VGP with special attention to developing their knowledge on VGPF background, history and areas of concern as well as their skills for community orientation, free, prior and informed consultative planning, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools and techniques. 35 5.7 Bank Decision on Project Investments In deciding whether to proceed with the project, the government will then ascertain, on the basis of the PSVGP and the outcomes of the process of free, prior, and informed consultation, whether the affected VGs’ provide their broad support to the project or Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) where applicable under ESS7. Documentation of community support or consent will be provided by minutes prepared from all meetings held with the VGs or through other processes as agreed with the VGs and the World Bank. The minutes will be verified and authenticated by community representatives. Where there is such community support or consent, the government will prepare and submit to the World Bank a detailed report that documents: i. The findings of the social assessment/analysis; ii. The Vulnerable Groups Plan; iii. The process of free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs; iv. Recommendations for free, prior, and informed consent with and participation by VGs during project implementation, monitoring, and evaluation; v. Any formal agreements reached with VGs’; and vi. Measures, including project design modification, which may be required to expand access to or address adverse effects on the VGs’ and to provide them with culturally appropriate project benefits. The Bank reviews the process and the outcome of the consultation carried out by the government to satisfy itself that the affected VGs have provided their broad support to the project. The Bank will review and clear the documents before implementation of each stage of the project. 5.8 Contents of a Vulnerable Groups Plan All the PSVGPs that will be prepared under the Project will include the following contents, as needed: i. A summary of the legal and institutional framework applicable to VGs. ii. Baseline information on the demographic, social, cultural, and political characteristics of the affected VGs communities, the land and territories that they have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, and the natural resources on which they depend as it relates to the project. iii. A summary of the social assessment. iv. A summary of results of the stakeholder consultation with the affected VGs that was carried out during project preparation. v. A framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs during sub-project implementation and any proof of the same once achieved. vi. An action plan of measures to ensure that the VGs receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate, including, if necessary, measures to enhance the capacity of the project implementing agencies. 36 vii. When potential adverse effects on VGs are identified, appropriate action plans of measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for these adverse effects drawing on the information presented in the Social Assessment. viii. The cost estimates and financing plan for the VGP; each project will bear full cost of assisting and rehabilitating VGs. ix. Accessible procedures appropriate to the project to address grievances by the affected VGs arising from project implementation. When designing the grievance procedures, the government takes into account the availability of judicial recourse and customary dispute settlement mechanisms among the VGs’. x. Mechanisms and benchmarks appropriate to the project for monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the implementation of the PSVGP. The monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should include arrangements for the free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs’. 37 6 FRAMEWORK FOR FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT 6.1 Background ESS7 recognizes that Vulnerable Groups have identities and aspirations that are distinct from mainstream groups in national societies and often are disadvantaged by traditional models of development. In many instances, they are among the most economically marginalized and vulnerable segments of the population. Their economic, social, and legal status frequently limits their capacity to defend their rights to, and interests in, land, territories and natural and cultural resources, and may restrict their ability to participate in and benefit from development projects. In many cases, they do not receive equitable access to project benefits, or benefits are not devised or delivered in a form that is culturally appropriate, and they may not always be adequately consulted about the design or implementation of projects that would profoundly affect their lives or communities. This ESS recognizes that the roles of men and women in VGs cultures are often different from those in the mainstream groups, and that women and children have frequently been marginalized both within their own communities and as a result of external developments and may have specific needs. One of the key requirements of ESS7 is to ensure that VGs present in, or with collective attachment to, the project area are fully consulted about, and have opportunities to actively participate in, project design and the determination of project implementation arrangements. The scope and scale of consultation, as well as subsequent project planning and documentation processes, will be proportionate to the scope and scale of potential project risks and impacts as they may affect VGs In recognition of this vulnerability of VGs, the Bank requires the government to obtain the FPIC of the affected VGs when such circumstances described in ESS7 are present. 6.2 Free, Prior and Informed Consent Free, Prior and Informed Consent refers to the process, under certain specific circumstances set out below, whereby VGs, will be consulted in good faith based on sufficient and timely information concerning the benefits and disadvantages of a project and how the anticipated activities occur. Consent refers to the collective support of affected VGs for the project activities that affect them, reached through a culturally appropriate process. FPIC does not require 38 unanimity and may be achieved even when individuals or groups within or among affected VGs explicitly disagree. The FPIC principles are as follows: • Free – people are able to freely make decisions without coercion, intimidation or manipulation • Prior – sufficient time is allocated for people to be involved in the decision-making process before key project decisions are made and impacts occur • Informed – people are fully informed about the project and its potential impacts and benefits, and the various perspectives regarding the project (both positive and negative) • Consent - refers to the collective support of affected VGs for the project activities that affect them, reached through a culturally appropriate process. Where applicable under this project, FPIC applies to project design, implementation arrangements and expected outcomes related to risks and impacts on the affected VGs. It builds on and expands the process of meaningful consultation as detailed in the SEP. The Project will document: • the mutually accepted process to carry out good faith negotiations that has been agreed by the Borrower and the VGs; and • the outcome of the good faith negotiations between the government and VGs, including all agreements reached as well as dissenting views. The process for achieving FPIC if required will need to be developed for each of the relevant VGs in turn taking into account their distinct characteristics, decision making structures and the project impacts. The process will be included in the relevant VGP that will be developed for each project, where applicable. The key steps involved in the process are analyzed in Table 3 Table 3: FPIC Process for Vulnerable Groups Consultation Participants Consultation Consultation Stage Expected Outcome Project authority Community Method VGs, organizations First hand assessment and community VG perceived social leaders/elders, Open meetings and TARURA/TANROA benefits and risks and Location of project Community discussions, visit DS and other prospect of achieving broad activity Management proposed project stakeholders support for the project. Committees (CMC)s, sites Explanation of VG rights Village Councils under law and ESS7 (VCs) Initial screening of TARURA/TANROA VGs, CBOs, Open meetings, Identification of FPIC the proposed sub- DS and other Community focus group circumstances/scenarios/ Projects with FPIC stakeholders leaders/elders, discussion and spot mechanisms 39 Consultation Participants Consultation Consultation Stage Expected Outcome Project authority Community Method requirements Influential people, key interviews informants, CMCs, VCs VGs, CBOs, Secondary Community Open meetings, Identification of major screening of the TARURA/TANROA leaders/elders, focus group impact issues, feedback proposed projects DS and other Influential people, discussion and spot from VGs who would be with FPIC stakeholders key informants, interviews affected by the project requirements CMCs, VCs In depth study of More concrete view of risks and benefits VGs including likely impact issues & risks, of any of the Formal/informal affected CBOs and feedback on possible applicable FPIC interview, focus TARURA/TANROA organization, alternative, mitigation scenarios taking group discussion, DS, NGOs, CBOs, community leaders, and development into consideration hotspot discussion other knowledgeable influential measures or a proposal inter alia, the on specific impact, persons people/leaders, key not to proceed with conditions that alternative and informants, CMC, certain project because would lead to mitigation VC FPIC is unlikely to be FPIC being achieved. achieved. Community discussion, Confirmation of FPIC, TARURA/TANROA structured survey inputs/ mechanisms for Adversely affected Stakeholder DS, NGOs, CBOs, questionnaires VGs and identification of individual VGs/ consultations other knowledgeable covering issues that could be households persons quantitative & incorporated into design qualitative of the sub projects information/ issues Preparation of VGPs, and incorporation of SA inputs to avoid or minimize adverse impacts, promote VGs, organizations, culturally appropriate TARURA/TANRO community benefit sharing and other Preparation of Group consultations, ADS and other leaders/elders, VG development PSVGPs hotspot discussion, stakeholders adversely affected projects. VGs Achievement and documentation of FPIC through agreed mechanisms or decision not to proceed with the Project. TARURA/TANROA Individual VGs, Implementation Quick resolution of issues, Implementation DS organizations, monitoring including through 40 Consultation Participants Consultation Consultation Stage Expected Outcome Project authority Community Method community committees Grievance Mechanism, leader/elders, other effective implementation of stakeholders, CMCs, VGPs VCs. VGs organizations/ Formal Identification and Monitoring and TARURA/TANROA groups and participation in resolution of Evaluation DS, individuals, NGOs & review and implementation issues, CBOs monitoring effectiveness of VGPs 6.3 Conditions under which FPIC is Required In particular, FPIC would be applied when sub-projects: i. have adverse impacts on land and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use or occupation; ii. cause relocation of VGs from land and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use or occupation; or iii. have significant impacts on the cultural heritage of VGs that is material to their identity and/or cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual aspects of their lives. While it is considered unlikely that the RISE Program projects will impact on the cultural heritage of the VGs, the possibility remains that there may be impact on sites of cultural importance and spiritual property. Such impacts will be identified through the development of the social assessment of the vulnerable groups, which will include engagement and the need for FPIC on such elements will be determined in consultation with the VGs. 7 CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE The location for the implementation of the RISE Program is in Tanzania as shown in Chapter 2 of this VGPF document. The overall RISE Program design seeks to benefit all the VGs in project areas. For the RISE Program to address any possible adverse impacts as well as maximize the project benefits to the VGs, two approaches will be undertaken: (i) Integrating the concept of ‘People Centered Approach’ in the overall design and implementation of RISE Program so as to improve the overall social outcomes of the project; (ii) Developing area-specific Vulnerable Groups Plan (A-SVGP) at the sub-project’s level to mitigate adverse impacts and enhance project benefits. Earlier, before the preparation of this RISE Program VGPF, consultations were held with relevant Government departments and NGOs. Consultations have been done with some Non- 41 Governmental Organizations and Community Based Organizations (NGOs and CBOs) representing the interests of VGs at National level. VGs who may be affected by specific sub- projects will be consulted during the preparation of the VGPs. The detailed comments from the consultations are presented in Annex I of this VGPF. . 7.1 Disclosure of the VGPF Information disclosure and public consultation are important and necessary during project preparation and implementation as well. The RISE program recognizes the importance of open and transparent engagement of communities and vulnerable groups in efforts to support protection, inclusiveness, ownership and sustainability of the program and the sub-projects to be prepared and implemented. In this aspect, during program preparation, TARURA and TANROADS conducted RISE program Stakeholders Consultations at Regional and National levels to the public where Government Organizations (Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) participated as significant stakeholders to the program. The consultation aimed at disclosing the RISE program design information where the VGPF was one of frameworks that were disclosed to the public as representatives of communities and vulnerable groups needed to know how it addresses their concerns. Regional Consultations involved face to face workshops in Dodoma, Iringa, Lindi, Geita, Morogoro and Tanga Regions from January 2020 to January 2021, and the National Consultation were virtually done through Webinar (an internet based forum/seminar) on April 02nd 2020 and January 13th, 2021. Table 4 below summarizes the stakeholders’ consultations locations, number of attendees and actual dates the meetings were conducted. Table 4: Summary of conducted stakeholders’ consultations No Consultation title Location Number of Date attendees 1 The National Stakeholders Workshop. Dodoma Region 73 January 09th 2020 2 National VGPF - specific Stakeholders Dodoma Region 5 January 21st, Consultation. 2020 3 Regional VGPF - specific Morogoro, Dar 16 February 07th to Stakeholders Consultation. es salaam & 11th 2020 Dodoma 4 Regional Stakeholders Consultation – Iringa Region 05 March 10th 2020 Iringa. 5 The National Webinar Stakeholders Virtual 11 April 02nd 2020 Forum. 42 6 Regional Stakeholders Consultation – Lindi Region 20 January 05th Lindi. 2021 7 Regional Stakeholders Consultation – Tanga Region 34 January 05th Tanga. 2021 8 Regional Stakeholders Consultation – Geita Region 33 January 08th Geita. 2021 9 The National Webinar Stakeholders Virtually 23 January 13th Forum. 2021 Most raised issues during these consultations were: • Emphasis to be put on environmental protection as most of Vulnerable groups depend on it for attaining basic needs; • Vulnerable groups to be represented in decision making especially in roads designs; • Vulnerable groups especially low income women, and people with disabilities to be sensitized to pursue employment opportunities during the Program’s implementation; and • The program to ensure they don’t destruct their culture, identities, norms or beliefs during implementation. The output of the consultations was used to improve the VGPF and will guide overall project implementation, risk management and the improvement of access of the project benefits to the vulnerable groups. More information about conducted stakeholder’s consultations for the RISE program are found in Annex I of the SEP. As such, during project implementation, meaningful consultation, including with the VGs, will be continuous at all phases of the RISE Program’s projects. These enable project affected people, VGs, and other stakeholders to participate in and contribute to the project planning and implementation, and thereby help minimize adverse impacts and maximize benefits. The Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework will be made available to the affected VGs in an appropriate form, manner, and language. The GoT will also make the documents available to the affected communities in the same manner through press releases. For project activities with Vulnerable Group Community members, the VGPF will be disclosed to the affected VG with detailed information of project activities. This will be done through public consultation and made available in brochures, leaflets, or booklets, using the national and local language where it can be written. Summaries of the VGPF and subsequent VGPs will be made available in hard copies and in the national and a summary in a local language at 43 TARURA, TANROADS, LGAs offices. Electronic versions of the VGPF will be available on the official website of TANROADS and TARURA. 7.2 Stakeholder Engagement during Implementation 7.2.1 Stakeholder Identification Vulnerable Groups have unique ways of life which require tailor made approaches to stakeholder identification and consultations. Under the RISE program and in this VGPF, culturally appropriate (to mean in line with the norms, ideas, customs and social behavior) consultations will be undertaken. TARURA / TANROADS social specialist will therefore for each sub- project: i. Screen for presence of VGs in the sub-project areas; ii. Upon identification of VGs presence conduct desk studies as well as field assessments to understand their way of life; iii. Based on activity (ii) above conduct a stakeholder mapping in close consultation with local government at district and village level to identify NGOs/CBOs, community leaders and stakeholder groups within the communities; iv. Consultations will be conducted with the VG community leaders and in cases where necessary village council and/or NGOs/CBOs to understand acceptable principles, ethics, values, process, language and entry points to consultations with VGs in the sub-project areas; v. Document and share the consultation process (agreed to with the community through its leaders for formalization) with the VGs through the agreed process in activity (iv). If agreed to and ratified by the community, that will be the consultation process for the sub-project in areas where VGs are present. Where the project affects VGs, the TARURA and TANROADS will engage in meaningful consultation with them and will ensure that it: i. Establishes an appropriate gender and inter-generationally inclusive framework that provides opportunities for consultation at each stage of project preparation and implementation among the implementing structures, the VG’s, CBOs if any, and other local Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) identified by the affected VG’s; ii. Uses consultation methods appropriate to the social and cultural values of the affected VGs and their local conditions; and iii. Provides the affected VGs with all relevant information about the project (including an assessment of potential adverse effects of the project on the affected VGs communities - but that will be determined during the consultation process ,and it will be done at each stage of project preparation and implementation. 44 All the interested and affected stakeholders will be identified through a culturally appropriate process for consulting with the VGs at each stage of project implementation. A stakeholder mapping exercise will be conducted where there is a likelihood of VGs being affected by Project activities and the stakeholder mapping process will ensure that all the interested and affected stakeholders are identified and included in the social assessment process including impact identification and mitigation. 7.2.2 Stakeholder Consultation Approach Consultations with the vulnerable communities will be conducted at each stage of the project, and particularly prior to implementation, to fully identify their views and ascertain community support for the Project. TARURA will facilitate and arrange for consultative meetings with VGs in the Project area with full engagement of their local leaders. Such consultation will include use of VG local languages, articulation by VGs of their views and preferences and allowing time for community support. Representatives of the VGs in collaboration with Village Council and the leader of the specific vulnerable group at the village level or as directed by the VGs in the exercise conducted in 7.2.1 above in the project area will select a venue that is considered appropriate by all the parties. Engagement will be based on honest and open provision of information, and in a form that is accessible to VGs. Engagement will begin at the earliest possible stage so as to inform project design. In practice, good community engagement in the context of Vulnerable Groups aims to ensure that: i. Vulnerable Groups have an understanding of their rights; ii. Vulnerable Groups are informed about, and comprehend the full range (short, medium and long-term) of social impacts – positive and negative – that can result from the proposed activities; iii. Any concerns that Vulnerable Groups have about potentially negative impacts are understood and addressed by TARURA or TANROADS; iv. Traditional knowledge informs the design and implementation of mitigation strategies and is treated respectfully; v. There is mutual understanding and respect between TARURA and the Vulnerable Groups as well as other stakeholders; vi. Vulnerable Groups aspirations are taken into account in project planning so that people have ownership of, and participate fully in decisions about, community development programs and initiatives 45 vii. The project has the broad, on-going support of the Vulnerable Groups, the voices of all in the Vulnerable Groups are heard; that is, engagement processes are inclusive. In preparing the PSVGPs, information will be gathered through consultations with stakeholders by separate group meetings with Vulnerable Groups, including their leaders, NGOs, CBOs, and affected persons. Discussions will focus on potential positive and negative impacts of implementing project for the VGs, measures to enhance positive impacts, and, strategies/options to minimize and/or mitigate negative impacts. The stakeholder engagement process will be conducted using documentation review, interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions and Special Village Assembly Meetings with VGs, and other identified Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). The process will generate data and information based on the indicators summarized in Table 5 below. Table 5: VGs Stakeholders Engagement Process Matrix Issues Activity Responsible Indicators Meeting with VC, and TARURA or Screening • Screening Forms completed Traditional Leaders TANROADS • Number of community meeting TARURA or minutes, Orientation and Community meetings TANROADS, VGs and • Number of VGs attended Mobilization of VGs VC representatives • Total number of participants in place • General Village Assembly meeting minutes, • Attendance of VGs by TARURA or Participatory Rural categories, Consultations with VGs TANROADS, VGs, and Appraisals • Detailed social screening report, VC representatives • • Documentation of the consultations. • Attendance of VGs by categories, Development of strategies • Planning report for participation of VGs TARURA or • List of positive impacts to be Participatory planning and mitigation measures TANROADS, VGs, and strengthened, with VGs for identified concerns / VC representatives • List of negative impacts to be issues mitigated, • Compensation measures if required TARURA or • List of VGs attendance, Carry out capacity building Conduct information TANROADS, VGs, and • Minutes of meetings, for VGs if need arise sharing sessions VC representatives • Information sharing reports 46 Issues Activity Responsible Indicators • Joint monitoring reports Participatory M&E process TARURA or accessible to VGs and To conduct with VGs to carry out TANROADS, VGs, and implementing agencies, participatory monitoring M&E VC representatives • List of VGs representatives attended the process The participatory stakeholder engagement and, where applicable, the FPIC results will determine whether to proceed with a respective sub-project or not. In case it is agreed to proceed, the TARURA or TANROADS facilitator will prepare the following: i. The findings of the stakeholder engagements; ii. Where applicable, the process of FPIC with the affected VGs communities. This would include additional measures, such as project design modification, to address adverse effects on the VGs and to provide them with culturally appropriate project benefits; iii. Recommendations for an FPIC process with PAPs and participation by VGs during project implementation, monitoring, and evaluation; and iv. Any formal agreements reached with VGs. The Consultation process will document the community general assembly minutes with attendance lists and VG members’ lists, photographic evidence and minutes of other meetings and/or back-to-office reports. 7.2.3 Stakeholder Engagement during Design and Implementation Participation of VGs in selection, design and implementation of the project components, will largely determine the extent of achievement of VGPF objectives. To ensure that benefits are realized and where adverse impacts are likely, the TARURA or TANROADS team will undertake prior and informed consultations with the likely affected VGs and those who work with and/or are knowledgeable of VGs’ development issues and concerns. To facilitate effective participation, the VGPF will follow a timetable to consult VGs at different stages of the project cycle, especially during preparation and implementation of the VGPF which will be complemented by the RISE’s Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). The primary objectives would be to examine the following: i. To seek their inputs/feedback on how to maximize benefits, accessibility and how to avoid or minimize the potential adverse impacts associated with the project; ii. Identify culturally appropriate impact mitigation measures; and iii. Assess and adopt education opportunities, which the SA could promote to complement the measures required to mitigate the adverse impacts. 47 Consultations will be carried out broadly in two stages. First, prior to final selection of any project component located in an area inhabited by VGs. The outcomes of these consultations will guide the design of the sub-project. TARURA or TANROADS will consult the VGs about the need for and the probable positive and negative impacts associated with the project execution. Second, during preparation (including of plans such as the ESMP), to ascertain how the VGs in general perceive the project and gather any inputs/feedback they might offer for better outcomes. This will eventually be addressed in VGPF and inform the design of the project. The VGs communication strategy will: i. Facilitate participation of VGs with adequate gender and generational representation; Youth, customary/traditional VG organizations; community elders, VC leaders; and CSOs, CBOs and Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) on VGs development issues and concerns. ii. Provide them with relevant information about the project components, including that on potential adverse impacts, organize and conduct the consultations in manners to ensure free expression of their views and preferences. iii. Document details of all consultation meetings, with VGs perceptions of the proposed project and the associated impacts, especially the adverse ones and any inputs/feedbacks given by VGs; and an account of the community support or consent by VGs. The SA will examine the detailed impacts at an individual and community levels, with a particular focus on the adverse impacts perceived by VGs and the feasible mitigation measures. To ensure continuing informed participation and more focused discussions, the communication strategy will provide affected VGs with the impact details of the proposed project. Consultations will cover areas concerning cultural and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as what VGs consider important. Consultations will continue throughout the preparation and implementation period. Consultation stages, probable participants, methods, and expected outcomes are suggested in the VGs consultation matrix shown below in Table 5 . The following strategies should also be included in the project to support the participation of the VGs: i. The project should explore how to accommodate the most vulnerable and destitute of the VGs. ii. Encourage VGs to get involved in various project planning, designing, and implementation activities in the project through arranging related training. iii. Assist VG youth to develop their capacity and capability to enable them to participate in proposed project components; iv. Ensure adequate resources and technical support for the implementation of the action plan for VGs. 48 v. At all stages culturally appropriate communication methods (verbal and nonverbal, in local language) should be used to ensure meaningful consultation. Once the VGs are identified in the project area, the VGPs will ensure mitigation of any adverse impact of the project and access to benefits. The project components should ensure benefits to the VGs by providing (in consultation with the VGs themselves) opportunity to get them involved in various project activities. The following issues need to be addressed during the implementation stage of the project: i. Provision of an effective mechanism for monitoring implementation of the VGPF; ii. Development of accountability mechanism to ensure the planned benefits of the project are received by VGs; iii. Ensuring appropriate budgetary allocation of resources for the VG development. iv. Provision of technical assistance for sustaining the PSVGP; v. Ensure that VGs traditional social organizations, cultural heritage, traditional political and community organizations are protected. 7.3.4 Strategies for Inclusion of Women and Youth in VG This VGPF establishes an appropriate gender and inter-generationally inclusive framework that provides opportunities for consultation each stage of project preparation and implementation with the affected VGs. Deliberate efforts need to be put in place to ensure full participation of women and youth. In particular, TARURA or TANROADS need to be sensitive to the exclusion of women and young people in the decision-making process. During the Social Assessment undertaken to inform the PSVGP for all components, where it is determined that traditional decision-making structures exclude women and younger people, it may be necessary to obtain input from these groups by less direct means (for example, and where possible, via community needs surveys and baseline studies, or through informal discussions with small groups). 49 Table 6: VGs Consultation Matrix Consultation Consultation Participants Consultation Expected Outcome Stages Project VGs Community Method Authority Reconnaissance for TARURA or VGs, including Open meetings and First-hand assessment of all Components TANROADS, organizations, discussions VGs’ perception of potential project community Visit of proposed social benefits and risks Ground verification consultants leaders/elders project sites (for of existing component 3), VGs location/sites for settlements and activities under surroundings Component 3 Screening of the RISE, project VGs, including CBOs Open meetings Identification of major proposed activities consultants and community focus group impacts, feedback from VGs other leaders/elders, key discussions, and would-be affected stakeholders informants interviews, etc. persons In-depth study of RISE, project Would-be affected Formal and informal More concrete view of risks and benefits consultants, VGs, VGs, interviews; focus impact issues and risks, and taking into NGOs / CBOs, organizations, group discussions; feedback on possible consideration, inter other Community on specific impacts, alternatives and mitigation alia the conditions knowledgeable leaders/elders, key alternatives, and and development measures that lead to achieve persons informants mitigation; etc. FPIC. Social Assessment RISE, project Adversely affected Survey Inputs for VGP, and (SA) consultants individual Questionnaires identification of issues that VGs/households covering could be incorporated into quantitative and the design of project qualitative information Preparation VGP TARURA or VGs, VCs CBOs, Group consultations, Preparation of VGP, and TANROADS and community leaders, FGD incorporation of SA inputs /or RISE Project elders and adversely into design to avoid or consultants and affected VGs minimize adverse impacts other and promote culturally stakeholders appropriate benefit sharing, and VGs development programs Agreement on the GRM approach Implementation TARURA or Individual VGs, CBOs, Implementation Quick resolution of issues, TANROADS and VCs, community monitoring effective implementation of /or RISE Project, leaders, elders and committees (formal VGP consultants and other stakeholders or informal) other stakeholders Monitoring TARURA or VGs, CBOs, groups Formal participation Identification and resolution &Evaluation TANROADS and and individuals in review and of implementation issues, 50 /or RISE Project, monitoring effectiveness of VGP consultants (NGOs & CBOs) 51 8 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM Grievance Redress Mechanism for this VGPF will follow that of RISE Program spelt in the Stakeholders Engagement Plan (SEP) in case the current mechanism their using does not work (use of their local leaders to solve their problems. The mechanism will be proportionate to the potential risks and impacts of the project to the VGs as described in Chapter 3 and will be accessible and inclusive. The GRM will address VGs concerns promptly and effectively, in a discreet manner objective, sensitive and responsive to the needs and concerns of the VGs. The mechanism will also allow for anonymous complaints to be raised and addressed in transparent manner, which is culturally appropriate depending on the targeted community and readily accessible to all VGs, at no cost and without retribution. The mechanism, process or procedure will not prevent access to judicial or administrative remedies at any stage of the redress as shown in Figure 3. To prepare GRMs that take cognizance of local knowledge, practices and norms for the sub-projects under the RISE program, TARURA / TANROADS will through consultations with the VGs aim to understand and agree with the VGs: • Available conflict resolution mechanisms within the communities; • The norms, practices and process of conflict resolution in the VG communities; • Focal point persons in conflict management in the VG communities; • Process of integration of local conflict resolution mechanism to suit project implementation while respecting local values and processes of conflict resolution; • On a GRM prepared following the above process and socialize it with the VG community leadership, VG community members, Village administration and other stakeholders in sub- project areas. With this, the proposed GRM that has been provided in the following paragraphs will have been revised to reflect the norms, practices and cultural expectations of the VGs within the project areas. TARURA and TANROADS will inform the VGs about the grievance process in the course of its community engagement activities/FPIC as stipulated in Chapter 6 if applicable, and will be disclosed to the affected VGs with detailed information of (i) Submission of grievances, recording and reporting system, including grievances filed both verbally and in writing, (ii) designated staff with responsibility at various levels of PIU Head Quarter, Regional, Councils levels and LGAs who will be trained on grievances handling and cultures sensitivity, and (iii) a specific protocol for handling grievances including the minimum time frame within which different types of grievances should be addressed. This will be done through public consultation and made available in brochures, leaflets, or booklets, 52 using the national and local language where it can be written and made available in hard copies at TARURA, TANROADS and LGAs offices. Specific provisions will be included for complaints related to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) that could be derived from the project to ensure the survivor’s confidentiality and rights. To properly address GBV risks, the GRM needs to be in place prior to contractors mobilizing. The GRM should not ask for, or record, information on more than three aspects related to the GBV incident: a) the nature of the complaint (what the complainant says in her/his own words without direct questioning, b) if, to the best of their knowledge, the perpetrator was associated with the project, and if, possible, the age and sex of the survivors. Different entry points where survivor can place complaints confidentiality shall be identified and linked to the GRM as shown in Figure 4. 2The GRM Protocol should have a specific section on GBV related complaints. This shall be developed with the support of specialized organizations in the matter. 2 Nonetheless, approach of the GRM for GBV will be enhanced once the mapping of services is finalized. 53 Figure 2: The program Grievance Redress Mechanism flow chart Dissatisfied VGs declares the grievance(s) at Village Council Level and TARURA’s and TANROADS Focal Points Step 1: Village Councils liaises with the TARURA and TANROADS to review the grievance(s) and If grievance is addressed No further action required provide response within 2 weeks from the submission Step 2: If the VG is not satisfied with decision in Step one, the grievance(s) is referred to TARURA’s If grievance is addressed No further action required Council Office who shall respond in 2 weeks’ time from the submission at that respective level Step 3: If the VG is not satisfied with decision in Step two, the grievance is referred to the TARURA’s If grievance is addressed No further action required Regional Coordinator’s Office and Grievance Committee who shall respond within two weeks’ time from the submission at that respective level Step 4: If the VG is not satisfied with decision in Step three, the grievance is reported to the TARURA If grievance is addressed No further action required and or TANROADS RISE Program Implementation Unit (PIU) Step 5: If the VG is not satisfied with decision in Step four, the grievance(s) is reported to If grievance is addressed No further action required PO-LARG LEGAL REDRESS 54 Figure 3: The proposed project Grievance Redress Mechanism flow chart for GBV Survivors From the figure 4 above, GBV survivors can place complaints with confidentiality and shall be identified and linked to the GRM. GBV survivors who do not wish to place their complaints with the employer their complaints can be recorded according to their preferences and closed. For survivors who wish to proceed with their complaints, their cases can be addressed according to the culture, accountability and response framework of the employer. The employer will take disciplinary action, inform the survivor and close the case. World Bank Grievance Redress Service Persons and parties who see themselves as adversely affected by the RISE Program which is being supported by the World Bank may submit complaints to existing project-level grievance redress mechanisms as narrated above, or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address project-related concerns. 55 9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION Monitoring for overall compliance with the provisions within the VGPF will be the responsibility of the TARURA and TANROADS PIU at the Head Quarter level which will oversee to the recruitment of Environmental and Social safeguard staff, whose responsibility will include compliance monitoring. The PIU at the Headquarter will also be responsible for overall environmental and social issues, providing guidance, developing policies (if necessary), coordinating with other programs/projects for synergy and good practices. The Procurement Management Unit (PMU) at TARURA Headquarters will commission a third party project level monitoring. PMU will select a national agency to evaluate the level of compliance with the project’s environment safeguard instruments independently where a comprehensive assessment report on social performance will be prepared by the third-party monitoring agency at a designated time frame preferably every six-month (half-yearly). The third-party monitoring reports will be shared with the World Bank. 10. BUDGET REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VGPF Some of the costs like minimum standards costs associated with VGPF and especially the PSVGP implementation will be a part of the overall project costs as well as costs for the implementation of the ESMP. The precise budget for PSVGP implementation will have to be worked out in detail at a later stage and agreed with the PIU. The average estimated budget for awareness raising and developing a specific VG Plan is USD 35,000 per plan. In case it will be needed to develop a VGP per each region which have VGs such as Tanga, Iringa, Geita and Lindi it is estimated that a budget of USD140,000 will be required. This budget entails awareness raising, micro-planning, and inputs for implementation in four regions where VGs are mostly found. 56 11. ANNEXES ROADS TO INCLUSION AND SOCIOECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES (RISE) PROGRAM ANNEX I: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORKS - SUMMARY OF CONSULTATIONS TARURA and TANROADS intend to implement the RISE program in a transparent and inclusive manner and have developed Environmental and Social frameworks to guide and ensure that all stakeholders under the RISE program are fully involved in the program preparation and design. As such, TARURA and TANROADS have prepared the following five (5) framework documents: Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), Labor Management Procedures (LMP) and Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF). The SEP and the VGPF govern the types of stakeholder and citizen engagements to be advance with the RISE program and each of its subprojects. All five frameworks were consulted during a national workshop in Dodoma on January 9, 2020, which involved all relevant government stakeholders (by invitation from TARURA and TANROADS). VGPF CONSULTATIONS The RISE program recognizes the importance of open and transparent engagement of vulnerable groups and efforts to support protection, inclusiveness, ownership and sustainability of the program and the sub-projects to be prepared and implemented at a later date. In this aspect, the preparation of RISE sub-project’s Vulnerable Group Plans (VGPs) will be guided by the VGPF which outlines a set of mandatory requirements for VGs engagement throughout the program and sub-projects. The VGPF has been prepared through three (3) stages of consultations which include: 1. A National Workshop which involved government agencies in Dodoma on January 9, 2020; 2. A National Workshop which involved five (5) Non-Governmental Organizations/Civil Society Organizations (NGO/CSOs) representing vulnerable persons and groups a national level on January 21, 2020; 57 3. Focused and targeted consultations with Non-Governmental Organizations/Civil Society Organizations (NGOs/CSOs) at national and regional level during February 7-11, 2020. The VGPF was also shared with other NGOs/CSOs whose response is still being awaited by TARURA and TANROADS. CONSULTATIONS CONDUCTED IN PREPARATION OF THE VGPF National level consultation with other implementing agencies and ministry in charge of vulnerable persons in Tanzania (consultation also included other four RISE Environmental and Social Frameworks) The national consultations conducted on the January 9, 2020 in TARURA HQ building in Dodoma and involved the following agencies: 1. Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children 2. Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO) 3. Occupational Health and Safety Agency 4. Ministry of Agriculture 5. Iringa Regional Commissioner Consultations with Non-Government Organization (NGOs)/Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) The stakeholder engagement process involving representatives of VG communities was carried out to ensure meaningful participation of these groups in RISE Program preparation. The VG communities will also be engaged in TARURA and/or TANROADS activities with specific interventions suitable for traditional-cultural settings when specific project identified; these activities will be done without compromising VGs’ fundamental interests and cultural values. The stakeholder’s engagement process involved asking questions, discussions and listening to all stakeholders’ opinions sincerely, respecting all participants’ ideas, showing interests in their knowledge and behaviors while encouraging them to share their knowledge and ideas. The second level of consultations conducted was led by TARURA and TANROADS at a stakeholder’s workshop with NGO/CSO’s that represent vulnerable persons (including women, youth 58 and children) and those representing vulnerable groups in Tanzania at TARURA HQ Office in Dodoma on January 21, 2020. Among the NGO/CSO’s consulted were: 1. Tanzania Natural Resources Forum (TNRF); 2. Strategic Youth Development Organization; 3. Tanzania Rural women and children Development Foundation; 4. Tanzania Home Economy Association (TAHEA); 5. Reach and Save the Need. Some of the NGO/CSO’s are not dealing with Indigenous people per se but in one way or another they serve the community in general. Among the issues raised by these NGO/CSO’s are as follows: 1. Indigenous need to be trained on the importance of infrastructure and other social services which are beneficial to them; 2. There is a need to promote and maintain their culture in the acceptable ways, eg their cultural food, vegetable, dances etc; 3. Clarification of the difference between Vulnerable Group compared with Indigenous people. Response on their comment was more elaboration on the term Indigenous as it has been elaborated in The VGPF under chapter 5 on the plan that discuss on the engagement and awareness creation and the explanations provided under ESS7. The third level of consultations was conducted on the week ending February 7, 2020 by visiting the NGOs/CSOs in their respective offices in Morogoro, Dar es Salaam, Iringa and Dodoma. Stakeholders consulted and their opinions are attached in Table 1 below. Listed below are the NGO/CSOs consulted: 1. The Pastoralist Indigenous Non-Governmental Organizations (PINGO’s); 2. Pastoral Women Council (PWC); 3. Parakuiyo Pastoralist Indigenous community Development Organization; (PAICODEO); 4. Tanzania Natural Resource Forum (RNRF); 5. Ujamaa Community Resource Team; 59 6. Community Research and Development Services (CORDS); 7. Mtandao wa Vikundi Vya Wakulima Tanzania (MVIWATA); 8. Lawyers Environmental Action Teams;(LEAT); 9. Tanzania Grass Roots Oriented Development (TAGRODE); 10. HAKI ARDHI; 11. Women’s Legal Aid Centre (WLAC); 12. Morogoro Paralegal Centre; 13. Tanzania Land Alliance; 14. Mvomero Paralegal Centre. The VGPF was also shared with other NGOs/CSOs whose response is still being awaited by TARURA and TANROADS. Those NGO,s include; 1. Tanzania Women Lawyers Association, 2. Tanzania Peace, Legal Aid and Justice (PLAJC). 60 Table 7: Stakeholders Consulted on VGPF and Concerns Raised S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE The Pastoralist Indigenous Non- 1 The NGO highlighted the following Governmental Organizations during the consultations: (PINGO’s) • Sandawe people are also found in This is an advocacy coalition of The comment was welcomed and has Arusha, Morogoro, Pwani, Tanga, indigenous people who are current been in cooperated into the document Mbeya, Iringa and Kilimanjaro 53,working in Tanzania for the right of under Chapter 3 Section 3.2 of the the marginalized indigenous pastoralist • Hadzabe also found in Meatu VGPF. and Hunter-Gatherers communities • Arkies in Kiteto District in Manyara 61 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE Pastoral Women Council (PWC) 2 The NGO noted that the People This has already been thought of and is Centered approach should not just included in the project design under Sub- This is a non-profit membership focus on protecting community but component 3b targeting Community Organization that works in Northern also identify ways of integrating them Inclusion. This sub-component will Tanzania to achieve gender equality into value chain of planned road support the design and implementation of and community development through construction and maintenance a national model for community based the empowerment of Maasai women and routine maintenance (CBRM) for girls TARURA, with particular emphasis on the participation of low-income women and other groups in a situation of vulnerability VG’s will be engaged in all phases of the project as stated in Stakeholder Engagement Plans (SEP), Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) and in the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). 62 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE Proper compensation based on market Compensation for land loss will be as per prices should also be ensured in the the provisions in the RISE Program’s case of expropriation Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and in line with agreed principles during negotiations with the VGs. The RPF goes further and recommends for compensation at full replacement value as prescribed by World Banks Environmental and Social Framework in Environmental and Social Standard (ESS) 5. The NGO’s should be part of RISE The NGO’s will be represented by steering committee Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC) as the responsible Ministry under NGO’s Coordination Department 63 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE Resiliency to climate change and natural Climate change making houses disasters is a concern that RISE as a struggle to meet basic need program appreciates and has put in place measures to mitigate this. Also, Government of Tanzania (GoT) adopted the Climate Change Strategy (2012) identified sector challenges associated with climate change and prepared strategies on Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation, Financing and Coordination, and Cross-cutting issues. TARURA has also benefited from technical assistance provided by the World Bank to TARURA/ TANROADS to incorporate climate change considerations in the design of the first- generation projects and conducted two learning workshops on climate resiliency for low volume roads during project 64 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE preparation The RISE project will not allow Focus on the prevention of GBV GBV/SEA in the program or its sub- projects. Measures to prevent and manage this have been included in the project design under Sub-component 3c focusing on Community Protection. This sub-component will finance activities to tackle potentially sensitive community and social risks, specifically GBV related risks (namely SEA), sexual harassment in the workplace and HIV/AIDS, that can arise from the presence of the program in the intervened areas. The project has also mapped service providers with whom TARURA and the contractor will partner with to manage uneventful incidence of GBV/SEA. 65 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE Parakuiyo Pastoralist Indigenous TARURA/TANROAD will ensure 3 Emphasize on protection of community protection of VGs and their environment. environment to these groups as they DevelopmentOrganization; The project has prepared an depend much on nature (PAICODEO) Environmental and Social Framework (ESMF) that will guide the preparation of This a membership organization with the site specific Environmental and Social primary objective to coordinate Impact Assessments (ESIAs) and development activities and advocacy Environmental and Social Management efforts for pastoralists in Tanga, Plans (ESMPS) to guide management of Morogoro, Coast, Mbeya, Iringa and environmental risks associated with the Manyara regions. PAICODEO works project. This will be implemented towards the sustainable development of alongside the VGPF. indigenous pastoralist community and cultural recognition and preservation. Conflict between the hunters and This is well noted and for instances gatherers over land where any grievance will arise associated with the project a RISE project grievance mechanism will be in place and will be accessible for all project affected and interested persons. This will be both at 66 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE program level and at sub-project level. For VG areas this will take cognizance of local cultural practices and norms as defined in Chapter 8 of the VGPF These groups should be represented in TARURA/TANROAD will work closely decision making with NGO’s and the VGs Local leaders together with the LGAs. Consultations with the VGs will be culturally appropriate and will be complimented with the RISE People Centered Approach to Road Design Consultations which provide a platform for local communities needs, concerns and preferences to be heard and factored in the sub-project design as practicably possible. 67 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE Establishment of a cattle path toward This is a highly welcomed suggestion grazing land and water source and will be considered during design stage based on the consultations undertaken for each of the sub-projects. Engagement of the VG’s during Community consultation is an integral design stage part of the RISE program and consultations with the VGs will take place through the guidance of the VGPF and SEP at the sub-projects design and through to their implementation. Vulnerability depend on criteria like The comment was noted and rightly 4 Tanzania Natural Resource Forum education, income level, social-capital aired. The vulnerability in the project is (RNRF) setups, age, biological disabilities, looked at in two ways. (i) vulnerable insecurity and risk groups whose vulnerability and how their issues will be dealt with is addressed in This a collective civil society-based this VGPF; (ii) vulnerability depending 68 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE initiative that aims to improve natural on the listed criteria education, income resource management in Tanzania by level, social-capital setups, age, addressing fundamental issues of biological disabilities, insecurity and risk natural resource governance. It aims to which is addressed in the ESMF which improve accountability, transparency will guide preparation of management and local empowerment in natural plans to address challenges faced by resource management by bringing these groups in the project. The project together a diverse range of stakeholders through the SEP will also pay special and interests to share information, build attention during the consultation process collaboration and pool resources to listen to the vulnerable persons and towards common goals. address their needs as much as possible in the sub-project designs. 69 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE 5 Ujamaa Community Resource Team; The document is very good The comment is well received and just as UCRT works to empower the TARURA and TANROADS have The most emphasize should be kept marginalized people in the rangelands done in the first-generation projects, on cattle path to grazing land or water. of northern Tanzania to secure rights to consultations through People Centered In highways its advisable to establish their natural resources and land. Approach to Design will be conducted to box culvert or cattle bridge UCRT helps these communities by understand the needs of each community representing their land rights, within the targeted areas during design advocating on their behalf to local and stage of the sub-projects. The results of national government, and securing these will feed into the designs and will legal ownership of their traditional be subject to second round of lands. We also help empower these consultations with the communities. communities to independently and effectively manage their land and resources, and to improve education, women's protection and advocacy, as well as their leadership and 70 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE representation among the wider Road signs and speed humps should The recommendation was received and Tanzanian community. be considered during project design will be considered during the design of and implementation. the sub-projects. For each of the roads under RISE, Road Safety Audits will also be conducted by TARURA and TANROADS Regional Office staff to understand road safety challenges and feed this in the design of the sub-project roads. 6 Community Research and • Maasai have never been hunters Development Services (CORDS) • Number on Maasi in Tanzania is Recommended suggestions have been Established in 1998, CORDS’ works in more than what mentioned in the incorporated in the VGPF revised the districts of Kiteto and Simanjiro in document document. Manyara region and Monduli and Longido in the Arusha region. CORDS’ • Maasai community now found down southern highland works holistically towards social and economic development and to fight 71 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE against all forms of injustice, • Hunter gatherers are not a such oppression, gender imbalances, and nomadic, please rephrase it or if poverty. Interventions include land Pastoralists are part of it, not hat rights and governance, gender and Maasai and Barbaiq are not women’s empowerment, building a Hunters. resilient society and improving education among the pastoral Mtandao wa vikundi vya wakulima The main objective of the project is to 7 Main challenge to the VG’s, they lack Tanzania(MVIWATA) improve access within rural communities connection from village to township by upgrading roads, conducting This is a national farmers organization bottleneck improvements and routine which brings together small holder maintenance. In targeted sub-project farmers from all regions of Tanzania to areas access is expected to be improved have a common voice to defend with implementation of RISE. economic, social, cultural and political interests of smallholder 72 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE farmers.(Maasai and Sandawe) The note of advice is welcomed and In solving their problem, their leaders consultations with the Vulnerable Groups are the one with the say, on sub-projects under their areas will be TARURA/TANROAD should culturally appropriate as required by the consider that. VGPF. Each community will be consulted in line with their cultural requirements and taking cognizance of their traditional way of life. Advice has been taken and during engagement with the VGs, the PIU Women are dominant group in these (TARURA/ TANROADS) will community appreciate the point that women are dominant and also follow the recommendations from the communities on the approach to consultations and working with all gender. 73 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE TARURA&TANROAD has to ensure 8 Lawyers Environmental Action TARURA/TANROADS will ensure they don’t destruct their culture, Teams;(LEAT) preservation of their culture and norms preservation of their identity, norms and believes Is a leading environmental management Barbeig and Maasai have lost a very Compensation for land loss in RISE sub- and protection organisation in large part of land for the development projects will be done as per the Tanzania .LEAT envisages Tanzania initiatives. provisions in the RISE Program’s RPF with a sustainable and well managed and in-line with agreed principles during environment and natural resources for negotiations with the VGs. This is in the the current and future generations uneventful occurrence of land take. The point is well taken and adequate There is the possibility for diseases measures to minimize and mitigate on the outbrek as they don’t have cure in risks of transmission communicable their bodies like any other person diseases will be integrated in sub-project design. In each sub-project, ESIAs and ESMPs will be prepared following the RISE programs ESMF, Tanzania EMA 2004 and World Banks Environmental and Social Framework ESS 4 which 74 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE covers Community Health and Safety. The project is also expected to have low labour influx which will minimize these risks. Tanzania Grass Roots Oriented 9 During implementation, the issue of Children under 18 years will not be Development (TAGRODE) It child labour should be considered allowed to work in road projects as facilitates small scale male and female discussed in the RISE Labour farmers in Tanzania to increase the Management Procedures (LMP) quantity and quality of crops and livestock products through provision of improved techniques in sustainable agriculture HAKI ARDHI 10 Awareness raising should be before In the preparation of all sub-projects and road construction their designs, consultations will be held The aim to generate and sustain a with VGs guided by the RISE ESMF, public debate and participation on SEP and VGPF. The RISE also has a issues of land tenure. Its mission is to framework guiding consultations that 75 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE promote and ensure realisation of the complements the above three. People rights to land of about eighty percent of Centered Approach to Road the rural based communities who are Development which aims to engage, mainly small land holders and include and protect rural communities. producers. HAKI ARDHI aims to This approach entails working with advance, promote and research the land communities continuously throughout the rights of small peasants and pastoralists design process to achieve safer and with a view to providing information inclusive roads. and knowledge to facilitate equitable and socially just access to, and control Compensation for land loss in RISE sub- over, land for production of food and projects will be done as per the other basic need Issues on compensation play as a provisions in the RISE Program’s RPF major problem and inline with agreed principles during negotiations with the VGs as guided by the VGPF. land use plan should be shared earlier The point is well received and in to the community in order to avoid conjunction with the responsible Ministry development in restricted areas of Land, Housing and Human settlement, TARURA or TANROADS will share 76 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE available information with the communities early to enable them have informed engagements. Women’s Legal Aid Centre (WLAC) 11 Most of the land conflict cases to TARURA/TANROAD will have to promote access to justice and these group is because they are not awareness raising program to VG’s in advocate for gender responsive policies aware of Laws and regulations collaboration with the NGO’s for women and children. WLAC works to empower women to attain their rights The road users (drivers)they and to improve vulnerable population’s contribute to GBV practices access to justice across Tanzania. WLAC provides quality legal aid The VGs are not aware of their rights services to disadvantaged women and There must be education on the children through reconciliation, clients crucial of road in their areas coaching, drafting legal documents and 77 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE representing clients to courts of law Most of the VG communities don’t Executive Summary will be translated to know how to speak Swahili Swahili, and in Local language once the Specific VG identified where subprojects will be implemented. They don’t have proper form to report VGPF grievances redress mechanism grievances will be used to address concerns and grievances related to the project as shown in chapter 8. Effort will be made to ensure that the grievance redress process if culturally appropriate. Awareness program will cover and Engagement of women is strongly mobilization will be separately between restricted to these communities men and women, also this will be addressed during RISE sub-project implementation through the use of “People Centered Rural Roads Designs 78 Approach”. Benefits will be culturally appropriate to all communities and will be determined S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE Morogoro Paralegal Centre 12 These communities when they get TARURA/TANROAD will work closely educated on the importance of any with the NGO’s to support the VG’s in This is a non governmental development project they coup, accept information sharing and sensitization. organization striving to promote and and support. protect human rights through advocacy and provision of legal aid services , They need legal support to know their conducting seminars, radio and TV right programmes theatre performances, meetings, workshops, focus group discussions and other related activities .It serve the indigenous people in Morogoro. TANZANIA LAND ALLIANCE, 13 Changing the use of the land in one The concern is well registered and way or another will destruct these necessary impact assessment studies will This is a member-based organization community. be conducted as guided by the RISE representing the leading land rights ESMF and mitigation measures where civil society organisations in these risks are proven to occur will be Tanzania. TALA plays a unique role recommended and implemented by the 79 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE in giving local communities and implementing agencies members a voice to policy makers. Tanzanians - especially communities and marginalised people - must have secure rights to their land Stakeholders should be engaged Stakeholders will be engaged in the during preparation of guiding policies entire process of project design and and guideline implementation. Mvomero Paralegal Centre 14’ Creating sense of ownership to these The advice is highly welcomed and community will make the project awareness creation has been considered MPC is an organization strive to serve sustainable in the RISE project design and will be legal and ensure equal right to all guided by the RISE SEP. Each sub- human being and awareness creation project will also have a set of tool to all the marginalized group in consultation meetings with the target Mvomero District in Morogoro Region beneficiary communities (Maasai and Hadzabe) Considerations for road safety during Awareness on the use of road and construction and operations of the roads signs (Maasai and Hadzabe) is integral part of the design process. 80 S/N ORGANIZATION COMMENT /CONCERNS RESPONSE TARURA has adopted People Centered Approach to Road Development and Road Safety Audits which will be conducted on all sub-project roads to determined road safety risks. This will be conducted by TARURA engineers trained in road safety in conjunction with the community. This will form part of the draft designs which will be subject to additional consultations with the communities to verify if the agreed recommendations were included as practicable. Road safety awareness will also be conducted in Kiswahili and Local language under the traffic management plans to be developed by the contractor 81 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The consultation with NGOs/CSOs was very successful by archiving the expected output of receiving and gathering information’s, opinion and comment from the representative NGOs/CSOs dealing with VGs that will guide the implementation of RISE Program. The NGO/CSO’s were pleased with the VGPF document and are comfortable with the issues discussed in the document. We expect during implementation of the RISE program that most of the communities (VG) will change their lives as far as poverty reduction is concerned. More emphasize was on the land ownership and compensation. TARURA/TANROADS will ensure neither of the VG are not affected by the project and in the case they are, compensation which is culturally appropriate will be provided. The VGPF will also be complemented with the projects ESMF, SEP and RPF which will guide impact assessment, mitigation measures planning and stakeholder consultations in the implementation of RISE program and its sub- projects. Recommendations 1. Awareness raising program is very crucial to VG communities for them to understand the importance of road, the advantages they will incur from road in general and how they will maintain their roads. This will be done once specific sub-projects have been identified and VGPs are prepared in consultation with the VG communities; 2. Program should promote gender awareness among the VG communities for them to have an equal opportunities and chances in road project. This will be done taking cognizance of the cultural expectations of VG communities as outlined in the VGPF; 3. Engagement of the stakeholders (NGO/CSO’s, VG’s and Local Leaders) in all phases of the project under RISE program is crucial for the success of the implementation of the program. 82 ANNEX II: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED 83 84 85 86 ANNEX III: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FROM CONSULTATION ON RISE PROGRAM FRAMEWORKS CONDUCTED ON JANUARY 09, 2020 87 88 89 90 91 92 93