NEPAL ELECTRiCITY AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCiALMANAGEMENT PLAN OF SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF DISTRIBUTION PROJECTS (33KV SUBSTAT10NS) UNDERTHE GR:D SOLAR AND ENERGY EFFiCIECY PROJECT VOLUMEl Prepared and Submitted bv: Environment and Social Studies Department Kharipati, Bhaktapur Phone No.: 01-6611580, Fax: 01-6611590 Email: essdnea@gmail.com July,2018 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BS Bikram Sambat (Nepali Era) CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DADO District Agriculture Development Office DCC District Coordination Committee DFO District Forest Office DoED Department of Electricity Development ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework ESMP Environment and Social Management plan EPR Environment Protection Rules, 1997 ESSD Environment and Social Studies Department GoN Governmenl of Nepal GSEEP Grid Tied and Solar Energy Efficiency Projecl GRC Grievance Redress Cell GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HHs Households lEE lnitial Environmental Examination MoEWRI Ministry of Energy, Water Resource and lrrigation MoFE Ministry of Forest and Environment NEA Nepal Electricity Authority PAS Project Affected Settlement PMO Project Management Office SIDP Supply and lnstallation of Distribution Project WB World Bank Units ha Hectare km Kilometer kV Kilo Volt m2 Square meter タ ESMPReρ ο″ ︺ Table OF Coρ ηls ̀θ 二 't.1 ESMP Repoi lVEA― ESSD lntroduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Over the past several years, NEA'S operations have suffered from deficit of generation capacity and poor system performance at times of peak demand. The network voltages remain excessively low in many part of country. The major cause ofthe low system voltages has been identified as deficiencies in the distribution system. The network supplying the system is heavily overburdened and has exceeded technical and economic loading levels at many places, causing the consumers to receive power at voltages far belowthe required level. There is also high system loss in distribution with estimated average value ranging from 60 to 70 percent of the overall peak and energy losses. ln particular possibilities of any short term actions to improve network voltages and enable new consumers to be added to the system at locations where such difficulties exist are to be explored. The proposed Supply and lnstallation of Distribution Projects (SIDP) seeks to find solutions to redress the poor supply conditions in NEA's distribution network and to reduce the existing high level of system losses. This project includes supply and installation of 6 nos. of new 33/1 1kV, 3 MVA substations (SS), 2 nos. of new 33/1 1 kV, 6/8 MVA substations (SS) and 33kV new lines for energizing those SS. However, this study focuses on the study of 8 new substations of 5 districts. lmplementation of project would augment the system capacity which would consequently reduce the load shedding hours to some extent and improve the revenue collection for unutilized usable energy. The proposed project has been selected avoiding the settlement areas, inbuilt structures, religious places, schools and other community infrastructures wherever possible. During the field study, it has been verified that due to the construction and operation of this proposed project, there shall be no obstruction in planned/proposed/operated hydropower, TL or other development projects in the vicinity. The environmental and social management plan (ESMP) prepared for this subproject includes 8 substations proposed in Doramba-2 (Doramba SS), Bamti bhandar (Bamti SS), Mathillo Bara (Khurkot SS), Marhillo Pachrang (Lampantar SS), Labani chauraha (Labani SS), Ghanchaura (Gorusinghe SS), Mehelpani, Ratanmare (Hansapur SS) and Bwase, Marbhung (Marbhung SS). 1.2 Objectives, rationale and Methodologies for Preparing ESMP Objectives The objective of the Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is to identify the potentially significant environmental issues and risks of the proposed project and to suggest appropriate mitigation measures to mitigate and/or minimize the adverse impacts so that the project is implemented in an environmentally sound manner. The other general objectives of the study are to: . ldentify, predict and describe/ assess potential environmental and social impacts from the establishment of new substations. . Define the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in project environmental and social management (including monitoring mechanism which should be consistent with the provisions in the project's ESMF); . ldentify and describe measures for impact avoidance, minimization, and mitigation and their costs: 1 ESMP Repoft NEA― ESSD lntroduction Define environment and social management mechanism to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring programs; and establish a supervision, monitoring and reporting as well as grievance handling mechanism. Consult with potentially affected people, community and stakeholders and help to identify/ understand people's concerns and suggestions and address them, if relevant. Rationale Based on the recommendation identified from screening report, the ESMP is prepared to address the impacts on the particular aspects and describe different measures to mitigate those impacts. Methodology This ESMP report is prepared in accordance with the recommendations provided in the screening repo(s of the subproject, field study, consultation with local people/stakeholders and officials. Various methodologies are used to prepare the ESMP; they are: . Field lnvestigation €. ldentification of settlements nearby project area. * Meetings/Consultations/Public Participation ':' Verification of secondary data/ information and collection of data/ information from the field. The project team visited the sub-project sites in 2075101 124 to 207 5102107. During site visit, 16 consultation meetings were conducted at project sites. Altogether, 149 people were participated in the meeting including ward representatives with I'19 males and 30 females. The detail of the meeting is given in Annex l. The team also visited to Ward Office, district level line offices such as, District Coordination Committee (DCC), District Forest Office (DFO) and District Agriculture Development Office (DADO) of the project affected districts. Table 1-'l: Detail of the Consultation Meetings at Sub― P Sites SN Project Component Location Total Ma!e Female 4 Doramba SS Doramba-2 18 12 6 Bamu ss つ４ 19 14 ¨ Bamti bhandar ０ 3 Khurkot SS Mathillo Bara, Khurkot 17 I 8 4 Lampantar SS Marhillo Pachrang, Bangring Phedi 17 14 3 Labani SS 24 つ 5 Labani chauraha 6 Gorusinghe SS Ghanchaura and Rangai 19 46 ︐ Hansapur SS Mehelpani, Ratanmare 18 15 ′ 3 8 Marbh ung SS Bwase, Marbhung 20 18 2 Total 149 119 30 Source: Field Survey, 201 I The consultation meetings were also participated by indigenous people in most of the sites depending on their presence in the area. Of the total participants during consultations, 33.56% represented different indigenous communities mainly Shrestha, Magar, Tharu and Tamang. The detail of indigenous caste group is given in Table 1-2. ESMP Repoft lVEA― ESSD S′ DP lntroduction Table 1-2: Detail ofthe indigenous caste group at sub project sites S̲N PrtteCt Location Total lndigenous Participants Component Partici pants Total Total Caste 1 Doramba SS Doramba-2 18 16 Moktan, Yonjan, Tamang and Shrestha 2 Baml SS Bamu bhandar 19 9 Shrestha, Sherpa and Tamang Math‖ lo Bara,Khurkot ウ′ 3 Khurkot SS 7 Shrestha Marhillo Magar, Bhujel, ︐ 4 Lampantar SS Pachrang, 9 Shrestha ′ Bangring Phedi and Tamang. Labani SS Tharu つこ 5 Labani chauraha 2 6 Gorusinghe SS Ghanchaura 19 6 Tharu and Gurung 7 Hansapur SS Mehelpani, Ratanmate 18 1 l\4agar 8 Marbhung SS Bwase, Marbhung 20 Total 149 50 SOυ rce」 Freld Sυ ″ey 2θ ′8 Consultations with indigenous peoples also involved Free Prior lnformed Consent: (FPIC) regarding the construction of substations and transmission lines. The lPs showed concerns in providing priorities for their employment in the project works on the basis of their skills. 1.3 Project Area Description Khurkot and Lampantar SS of Sindhuli District Khurkot: The sub-project site Khurkot Substation (SS) (33/1 1kV, 3MVA) is a mild slope terrain, located in Golanjor Rural Municipality (RM), previously known as the Bhimeshwor VDC, of Sindhuli District. A total of 0.508 ha (Ten Ropani equals to 5087.36 sq meter) land is required for the project which has already been owned by NEA in 2072173. There are no obstructions of trees, buildings and hills in the project site, but there are bushes in the project site which should be cleared during construction. The proposed SS site is accessed through B.P. Highway (Banepa-Bardibas road). The site is 80m upward from the highway and there is an earthen road that link the project site to the highway. Lampantar: The sub-project site of Lampantar SS (33/1 1kV, 3MVA) is a flat terrain located in Tinpatan Rural Municipality (RM)-10 (previously known as the Lampantar VDC, ward no 3), Mathillo Pachrang of Sindhuli District. A total of 0.51ha (Fifteen Katha equals to 5079.45 sq meter) land is required for the project which has already been owned by NEA about one and half years back. There are no obstructions of trees, buildings, hills in the project site. The proposed SS site is connected to district headquarter Sindhulimadi by about 34km earthen road (Sindhuli-Bhimsthan-Chakmake-Baun Tilpung earthen road). Doramba and Bamti SS of Ramechhap District Doramba. The sub-project site Doramba SS (33/'1 1kV, 3MVA) is located in Doramba Rural Municipality-2 (former Doramba VDC, ward no 4,), Bhumithan tole of Ramechhap District. About 0.29 ha (around 5.57 ropani) land is already acquired and owned by NEA about five years back. There are no obstructions of trees, buildings in the substation site. The proposed ν ESMP Repoft ″ ′ frodυ cr10n SS site is connected to district headquarter Manthali by about 40 km earthen road and linked with rural village ring road. The project site has sub{ropical climate, influenced by monsoon rains (June-September) and has summer months from March to May. Bamti: The sub-project site Bamti SS 1kV, 3MVA) is located in Umakunda Rural (33/1 Municipality-2, Simgau tole of Ramechhap District. About 0.3745 ha (around 7.3634 ropani) land has been acquired and owned by NEA about five years back. And the area is compounded by stone-wall. The proposed SS site is connected to district headquarter Manthali by about Lamosangu-Ramechhap highway by 61km earthen road linked with rural village road named Chuchure-Deurali-Bamti earthen road and then district headquarter Manthali by about 15km paved road. The project site has subtropical climate, influenced by monsoon rains (June-September) and has summer months from March to May. Labani and Gorusinge SS of Kapilbastu District Labani: The sub-project site Labani SS (33/11kV, 6/8MVA) is a flat tenain, located in Suddodhan Rural Municipality-3 of Kapilvastu District. A total of O.51ha (Fifteen Katha equals to 5079.45 sq meter) land will be required for the project which has already been owned by NEA about two years back. There are no obstructions of trees, buildings, hills in the project site. The proposed SS site is connected to district headquarter Taulihawa by about 15km Pitch road (Taulihawa-Bhairahawa road). The road is about 100m in distance from the proposed subproject site. The climate of the site is temperate influenced by monsoon rains (June- September) and has summer months from March to May. Gorusnighe: The sub-project (SS) site Gorusinghe (33/1 1kV, 6/8MVA) is a flat terrain, located in Buddhabhumi Municipality-2 of Kapilvastu District. A total of 0.6772ha (Twenty Katha equals lo 6772.63 sq. meter) land has already been owned by NEA about half years back. There are no obstructions of trees, buildings, in the project site. The proposed site is accessed through east-west highway (about 4500m far from the site) and the local road that goes to Ghanachaura village. Hansapur Substation of Arghakanchi district The sub-project site Hansapur Substation (SS) (33i 1 1kV, 3MVA) is a mild slope terrain located in Malrani Rural Municipality (RM)-6 of Arghakhachi District. A totat of 0.508 ha (Ten Ropani equals to 5087.36sq. meter) land will be required forthe project which has already been owned by NEA. There are no obstructions of trees, buildings and hills in the project site. The proposed SS site is accessed through Mehelpani-Sautamare earlhen road. Marbhung Substation of Gulmi district The sub-project site Marbhung SS (33/1 1kV, 3MVA) is a mild slope terrain, located in Malika Rural Municipality-8 of Gulmi District. A total of 0.5'1ha (Fifteen Katha equals to 5079.45sq meter) NEA holds the ownership title of the land. The land will be required for the project which has already been owned by NEA in 2072173. There are no obstructions of trees, and hills in the project site. The proposed SS site is accessed through Tamghas-Simaltari-Chaurasi- Purkot daha road. ESMP Repoft 4 NEA― ESSD 鐵 S′∂ P η ′ rrOdυ crlo″ Ｎ Project Location Map Ａハ︵ [二 ]NatOna BoundBry Ohers D皓 t● ct PAD Golml ゥ リ。 un9 ss "sed 33kV Maф I R3meChhap Sindhul        i りlT咀 曽 kY O。 ,中 r,,￨  P′ opose0 30kV Bant,SS ′ … I Boeo..d $rv Lrbr SS I Propo8od 331V  Кhu薇 ot SS 0      50     100    150    200 Pmp03ed 3よ V Lampen● iSS Klometers Figure 1-1: Project Location Map Figure l -2: locations and altitude of sub-project sites GPS Location Ｓ Ｎ GPS Sub‐ Project District RM Latitude Longitude Location 4 Doramba SS Doramba-2 27° 30'1906''N 85° 56'2374"E 2025 Ramechhap Bami SS 27° 34'3460"N 86° 20'2645・ E 2260 つ Umakunda-2 3 Khurkot SS Golanjor 27° 1715753・ N 86° 00'0460"E 893 Sindhu‖ 4 Lampantar SS Tinpatan-10 27° 6'3613・ N 86° 08'1585・ E 555 5 Labanl SS Suddodhan‑3 27° 30'3067"N 83° 11'5207"E 96 Kap‖ bastu 6 Gorusinghe SS Buddhabhumi 2 27° 411374・ N 83° 01.1794"E 125 7 Hansapur SS Arghakhachi Ma rani 6 28° 6'3286"N 83° 03'1793・ E 1770 8 Marbhung SS Gu mi Mahka‑8 28° 915167・ N 83° 081206・ E 1015 iESMP study fea″ ,CPS, 20′ ケ ESMPReρ O″ Ｑ ∽∽ｕ ︲ く ﹈≧ ｔＯＱＯに ﹂ミ ∽﹈ ＱＯ一０ ヽヽ ０ヽ Ｃヽ ｑＱヽ ∽ Ｑ∽∽ ヽ 山︐ Ш≧ ,、 ０●∽ ００こ Ｌ︲一ヨ ０● ∽い ０●Ｅと０一 一〇０め︶¨ ∞⁚ｒＯ﹂ ョ ゅ﹂ 一 ︐ ll l ￨ [J ● ● 7 サ ヽ ／︵ ど   一 ノ■″ ミ０﹂０︑００ヽミヽ ＬＱヽ ∽       ︺ 一 ︺ ″ ′ trodυ ctlo″ 1.4 Construction Planning The implementation of the proposed project comprises the construction of a new 8 substations. The estimated years of project completion is 1 I months starting from June, 2018. 1.4.1 Preliminary Works Preliminary works for the proposed project consist of contract award, the detail engineering and design study and mobilization of the contractors. The detail design study will carry out the preparation of longitudinal profiles, geological field test and laboratory testing, etc. 1.4.2 Land The project requires a total of 3.8833ha of land for the construction of 8 substations and necessary physical facilities. Since the land is under NEA's ownership, there is no issue of further land acquisition from the public. Breakdown of the land acquired for eight substation sites are presented in Table 1-3. Table 1-3: Area of land acquired for the project SN Description Land Acquired (ha) 1 Doramba SS 02903 Baml SS 03746 つ４ 3 Khurkot SS 05087 4 Lampangtar SS 05079 5 Labani SS 05079 6 Gorusinghe SS 06773 7 Hansapur SS 05087 8 Marbung SS 05079 Total 38833 Source: SIDP 1.4.3 Requirement of Workforce During the stages of the construction period of the project, altogether approximately 45 people will be employed in each sides for construction activities and transportation of materials including 15 unskilled,20 semi-skilled and 10 skilled human resources. Most of the unskilled manpower will be hired locally as per available skill and experiences; approximately 10-15 manpower are hired locally whereas only 20-30 manpower will be migrant workers. The workforce will be used for a maximum of 14 months during construction period. 1.4.4 Materials The main materials required for construction works related with the substations wrll be: Steel reinforcement, Cement, Fine aggregates (sand), Coarse aggregate, Boulder and Bricks. The requirement of the project materials are presented in the following table. ESMP Repoft 8 ESSD NEス ー ︺ ︵ S′ DP lntroduction Table 14: Requirement of the Project Materials to the Project Ｓ Ｎ Description Bamu Doramba Khurkol npantar Labani Gorusinghe Hansapul Marbhung Ｃ 3400 4100 4550 4850 5100 ｅ ｍ 2900 3850 4850 ｅ ｎ 1 的 ＞ ｓ 2 Sand (Cum) 360 530 625 586 620 675 580 825 唾 3 300 260 350 422 465 320 325 ｇ ａ ｅ 440 Ｃ ＜ ＞ｍ ｕ 4 Boulder (Cum) 330 830 900 532 600 775 900 1500 5 Reinforcement 21 21 21 32 32 32 21 21 (Tons) 6 Bricks (No.) 85,000 85,000 91,000 193,000 183,000 210,000 82,000 86,000 Soυ rcer S′ DP Steel reinforcing bars and cement can be acquired from local manufacturers or can also be imported. Coarse aggregates will be produced at site from excavated materials or purchased from the nearby market. Likewise, fine aggregates will be collected from licensed/approved major quarries along riverbanks, the excavated foundation material can be used as a backfill material required for the foundation construction. ESMP Repoft S′ DP Existing Environmental and Socia/ Seftlngs 2 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SETTINGS This project includes eight substations located in five districts i.e., Doramba and Bamti SS in Ramechhap district, Khurkot and Lampantar SS in Sindhuli district, Labani and Gorusinghe substation in Kapilbastu district, Hangsapur SS in Arghakhachi district and Marbung SS in Gulmi district. For the study of existing environmental and social settings, the study area is defined as the area of SS and other physical facilities for construction of the SS. The settlement area, forests or other vegetation and places having built up infrastructures or facilities that falls within the boundary of SS are also under the study area. 2.1 EnvironmentalBaseline 2.1.1 Physical Environment The topography, land use, climatic condition, geomorphology and geology, air and noise condition, watershed and drainage pattern that shall be influenced due to the construction of this project has been discussed in physical environment. The detail of the physical environment of eight sub-project area are given the table below. Table 2-1: Summary of Physical Environment S.N Project Description Component 1 Doramba SS The elevation of proposed Doramba SS is about 2025masl, Temperate climate, influenced by monsoon rains from June to September and dry weather from October to May. Absolute extreme maximum and minirnum temperature prevail in Ramechhap district are 36.5oC in May and 6.2oC in January respectively; Located in Lesser Himalayan zone which consists of rocks such as schist, phylite, gneiss, quartzite, granite, limestone etc. The SS site consists of colluvial soil; The sub-project area is apparently clean in terms of pollution level on air and noise as the sub-project lies in rural area. The sub-project area is not industrialized, so the only source of air and noise pollution is vehicular movement along the earthen road. Biomass burning for cooking contributes little pollutants to the ambient air; The slope of area is gentle within the SS boundary and moderate outside the project boundary; so chances of water logging is minimal. There is a small kholsi located at about 10m from the boundary of the SS which drains the SS area during monsoon season; Land acquired for Doramba SS is about 0.2903ha. The land is barren; and The proposed SS site is susceptible to bank erosion due kholsi during monsoon season. 2 Bamu ss . The elevation of proposed Bamti SS is about 2260masl; . Temperate climate, influenced by monsoon rains from June to September and dry weather from October to May. Absolute extreme maximum and minimum temperature prevail in Ramechhap district are 36.5oC in May and 6.2oC in January respectively; o Located in Higher Himalayan zone which consists of rocks such as gneiss, schists and marbles. S′ DP Existing Environmental and Social Seffrngs S.N Project Description Component The sub-project area is apparently clean in terms of pollution level on air and noise as the sub-project lies in rural area. The sub-project area is not industrialized, so the only source of air pollution is from dust, smoke generated by vehicular movement along the earthen road. Biomass burning for cooking contributes little pollutants to the ambient air. The main source of noise pollution in the sub-project area is the vehicular movement along the earthen road. Others source of noise in the area relates to the anthropogenic activities of rural population such as talking playing radio television, barking of dogs, calls of bird and animals and whispering of winds. ln generalthe noise level in the area is near to the natural state. The SS site is located in hilly terrain which gentle slope within the boundary of SS, so chances of water logging is minimal. There is a small kholsi located at about 5m from the boundary of the SS which drains the SS area during monsoon season. The proposed SS site is susceptible to bank erosion by kholsi during monsoon season. Land acquired for Bamti SS is about 0.3746ha. The land is barren, 3 Khurkot SS r The elevation of proposed Khurkot SS is about 893masl; . Upper Tropical climate, influenced by monsoon rains from June to September and dry weather from October to May. Absolute extreme maximum and minimum temperature prevail in Sindhuli district are 32.SoC inApriland 7.1oC in January respectively; o Located in Lesser Himalayan zone which consists of rocks such as schist, phylite, gneiss, quartzite, granite, limestone; . The sub-project area is not industrialized, so the only source of air and noise pollution is due to vehicular movement along the BP Highway. Combustion emission by vehicles contaminates ambient air. The overall status of air and noise quality found to be within the acceptable limit; . The SS site is located in hilly terrain which moderate slope, so chances of water logging is minimal; and . Land acquired for Khurkot SS is about 0.5087ha. The land is barren; 4 Lampantar SS The elevation of proposed Lampantar SS is about 555masl; Upper Tropical climate, influenced by monsoon rains from June to September and dry weather from October to May. Absolute extreme maximum and minimum temperature prevail in Sindhuli district are 32.5oC in April and 7.1oC in January respectively; The sub-project area is apparently clean in terms of pollution level on air and noise as the sub-project lies in rural area. The sub-project area is not industrialized, so the only source of air pollution is from dust, smoke generated by vehicular movement along the earthen road. Biomass burning for cooking contributes little pollutants to the ambient air; The main source of noise pollution in the sub-project area is the vehicular movement along the earthen road. Others source of noise in the area relates to the anthropogenic activities of rural population such as talking playing radio television, barking of dogs, calls of bird and animals and whispering of winds. ln general the noise level in the area is near to the natural state; ESMP Report SrDP                                  Exlsflng E"ν lronmenfa′ a″ d SOcla′ Sefrlags SN Proiect Description Component . The slope of SS area is flat and lies in chure area, so chances of water logging is minimal, and . Land acquired for Lampantar SS is about 0.5079ha. The land is barren. 5 Labani SS The elevation of proposed Labani SS is about 96masl: Lower Tropical climate, influenced by monsoon rains from June to September and dry weather from October to May. Absolute extreme maximum and minimum temperature prevail in Kapilbastu district are 42.7"C in May and 5.4"C in January respectively; Located in Terai consisting of old and new alluvium, both of which constitute as alluvial deposits maanly of sand, clay, silt, gravels and coarse fragments, The sub-project area is apparently clean in terms of pollution level on air and noise as the sub-project site lies in non-industrial area, so the main source of air and noise pollution is due to vehicular movement along the Taulihawa- Bhairahawa road. There is market area within 300m from the SS site, so other source of noise is due to the market activities. The overall status of air and noise quality found to be within the acceptable limit; There is small natural canal which is about '170m far away from the proposed SS which drains the sub-project area; Land acquired for Labani SS is about 0.5079ha. The land is barren. 6 Gorusinghe SS The elevation of proposed Gorusinghe SS is about 125masl; Lower Tropical climate, influenced by monsoon rains from June to September and dry weather from October to May. Absolute extreme maximum and minimum lemperature prevail in Kapilbastu district are 42.7"C in May and 5.4"C in January respectively; Located in Terai consisting of old and new alluvium, both of which constitute as alluvial deposits mainly of sand, clay, silt, gravels and coarse fragments; The sub-project area is apparently clean in terms of pollution level on air and noise as the sub-prolect lies in rural area. The sub-pro.lect area is not industrialized, so the only source of air pollution is from dust, smoke generated by vehicular movement along the earthen road. Biomass burning for cooking contributes little pollutants to the ambient air, The main source of noise pollution in the sub-project area is the vehicular movement along the earthen road. Others source of noise in the area relates to the anthropogenic activities of rural population such as talking playing radio television, barking of dogs, calls of bird and animals and whispering of winds. ln general the noise level in the area is near to the natural state; Land acquired for Labani SS is about 0.6773ha. The land is barren. 7 Hansapur SS The elevation of proposed Hansapur SS is about '1770mas1, Sub{ropical climate, influenced by monsoon rains from June to September and dry weather from October to May. Absolute extreme maximum and minimum temperature prevail in Arghakhachi district are 29.1.C in May and 0.OoC in February respectively; Located in Lesser Himalayan zone which consists of rocks such as schist, phylite, gneiss, quartzite, granite, limestone; The sub-project area is apparently clean in terms of pollution level on air and noise as lhe sub-project lies in rural area. The sub-prolect area is not S′ DP Existing Environmental and Socia/ Settings S.N Project Description Component industrialized, so the only source of air pollution is from dust, smoke generated by vehicular movement along the earthen road. Biomass burning for cooking contributes little pollutants to the ambient air. The main source of noise pollution in the sub-project area is the vehicular movement along the earthen road. Others source of noise in the area relates to the anthropogenic activities of rural population such as talking playing radio television, barking of dogs, calls of bird and animals and whispering of winds. ln generalthe noise level in the area is nearto the naturalstate. The SS site is located in hilly terrain which gentle slope within the boundary of SS, so chances of water logging is minimal. Land acquired for Hansapur SS is about 0.5087ha. The land is barren; 8 Marbhung SS The elevation of proposed Marbhung SS is about 1015masl; Sub-tropical climate, influenced by monsoon rains from June to September and dry weather from October to May. Absolute extreme maximum and minimum temperature prevail in Gulmi district are 31.8oC in May and -2oC in Febraury respectively; Located in Lesser Himalayan zone which consists of rocks such as schist, phylite, gneiss, quartzite, granite, limestone; The sub-project area is apparently clean in terms of pollution level on air and noise as the sub-project lies in rural area. The sub-project area is not industrialized, so the only source of air pollution is from dust, smoke generated by vehicular movement along the earthen road. The main source of noise pollution in the sub-project area is the vehicular movement along the earthen road. Others source of noise in the area relates to the anthropogenic activities of rural population such as talking playing radio television, barking of dogs, calls of bird and animals and whispering of winds. ln general the noise level in the area is near to the natural state. The SS site is located in hilly terrain which gentle slope within the boundary of SS, so chances of water logging is minimal. Land acquired for Hangsapur SS is about 0.5079ha. The land is barren; 2.2 BiologicalEnvironment Vegetation and forest resources, mammals and birds and rare and protected species of flora and fauna found in the subproject area are studied in biological environment. The summary of the biological environment of the subproject area is given the tables below. Table 2-2: Detail of the biological environment of the sub-project area. S.N. Project Description Component 1 Doramba SS No obstruction of trees and other rapidly growing vegetation in the substation area. The land is barren land covered by shrubs/herbs mainly Aiselu (Rubus spp.), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Khar, Banmara (Eupatorium spp.), Ratnaulo, Dubo (Cy n od on d acty I on) etc. ESMP Repoft S′ DP Existing Environmental and Social Settings Eastern boundary is covered by agricultural land (currently cultivated by wheat). On the southern side lies a kholsi. Some Gurans and Ulis trees are found along the kholsi. No natural forest occur in the sub-station area. The area does not lie within protected area (national park, wildlife reserve or conservation area). Bamu ss There is no obstruction of trees and other rapidly growing vegetation in the sub- slation area The land is barren land covered by shrubs/herbs like Titepati (Aftemisia spp.), Gandhe jhar (Ageratum spp.l, Banmaa (Eupatorium spp.), Aiselu (Rubus spp.), Oubo (Cynodon dactylon) elc. The area does not lie within protected area (national park, wildlife reserye or conservation area). 3 Khurkot SS The sub-station area is devoid of trees and other rapidly growing vegetation. The land is barren land. ln the eastern boundary of the sub-substation occur few Chilaune and Salla Herbs/Shrubs like Khar, Banmara (Eupatorium spp.) etc. are found in the sub- station area. No natural forest occur in the Sub-station area. The area does not lie within protected area (national park, wildlife reserve or conservation area). 4 Lampantar There is no obstruction of trees and other rapidly growing vegetation in the area. SS North-eastern side of the sub-station is occupied by agricultural land with sparse Aap tees (Mangifera indica). North western side is consists of sparse Bar trees (Ficus benghalensis) and Bamboo patches. No natural forest occur in the sub-station area. 5 Labani SS The sub-station area does not consist of trees or other rapidly growing vegetation. No natural forest occur in the sub-station area. The area does not lie within protected area (national park, wildlife reserve or conservation area). No natural forest occur nearby station. 6 Gorusinghe The proposed sub-station area is devoid of trees and other prominent type of SS vegetation. The land is barren land with covered with dubo (Cynodon dactylon). Northern side of the sub-station falls under community forest area. Western side is occupied by some Bar trees (Ficus benghalensisl. No natural forest occur in the sub-station area. The area does not lie within protected area (national park, wildlife reserve or conservation area). 7 Hansapur SS The sub-station area is covered by some trees which needs felling during the construction of the sub-station. There are about 22 Salla (Pinus roxburghil, 4 Utis (A/nus nepalensls) trees, 5 Paiyun trees (Prunus cerasoides), 2-3 Forsa trees and 1 Naspati sapling in the surrounding of the sub-project area. Ground is covered by herbs/shrubs like banmara (Eupatorium spp.), aiselu (Rubus spp.), chutro (Berbe,s arstata), Buki phool (Anaphal,b spp.), bhimsenpati jhar ( B uddleja m acrostachy a) elc. ESMP Repod NE4‑ESSD 一  ・   ︼ S′ DP Existing Environmental and Social Settings The area does not lie within protected area (national park, wildlife reserve or conservation area). 8 Marbhung SS The area of Marbhung sub-station is barren land occupied by Kuro (Erdens pllosa), Ghodtapre (Centella asraflca), Dubo (Cynodon dactylon), Buki phool (Anaphalis spp.) About 7-8 scattered poles and saplings ofAmba (Ps,:du m guajava), one chilaune tree and some bamboo patches occur in the sub-station area. No natural forest occur in the sub-station area. The area does not lie within protected area (national park, wildlife reserve or conservation area). ,20,8 ′ Visit, Fle′ d Vls′ ,4y I S/DP Existing Environmental and Socla/ Seftrngs Table 2-3: Detail of the nearest CFs, Major Tree Species, Wildlife and NTFPs of Subproject Area s.N. Project Nearest CFs Major Tree Species Wildlife (mammals and birds) NTFPs Components 1 Doramba SS Kakling CF Gurans (Rhododendron Mriga (Muntiacus muntjak), Dumsi Kiwi, Alaichii, Chiraito, Pakhanbed, spp ), Utis (Alnus (Hystrix indica), Jackal (Canis Bojho, Sungava, Jatamashi, nepalensis), Chilaune aureus), Kalij (Lephura Nagbelietc. (Sch im a wallich ii), Lankuri leucomelanos), Kharayo (Lepus (Fraxinus floribunda), nigricollis), Badhar (Macaca Kafal (Myrica esculenta) mulatta), Langur (Semnopithecus etc. entellus), Salak (Manr.s spp.). 2 BamI SS Kunsang CF Uttis (A/nus nepalensis), Mriga (Muntiacus muntjak), Jackal Lokta, Lauth Salla, Chiraito etc. Salla viz. Khote Salla, (Canls aureus), Chituwa (Panthera Bhange Salla, Thingre pardus), Kharayo (Lepus Salla, Patule Salla, etc. nigricollis), Thar (Hem itragus spp. ), Bandhel (Sus scrofa), Badhar (Macaca mulatta), Bat (Pteropus giganteus), Kalij (Lephura leucomelanos), Dhukur (Streptopelia chrnensls), Sparrow (Passer domestlcus), Kaag (Coruus sp/endens), Gauthali (H irundo spp.) etc. 3 Khurkot SS Panchakanya Salla (Pinus roxburghii) Mriga (Muntiacus muntjak), CF and Sal (Shorea robusta). Chituwa (Panthera pardus), Badhar (Macaca mulatta), Goral (Naemorhedus goral), Kafal pakyo (Cuculus micropterus), Mayur (Pavo cristatus), Kalij (Lephura leucomelanos) ESMP Report ′6 ArEハ ー ESSD I 1   1 1   :   I   I   I S′ DP Exた ring Er7ごヽ Юηmenfar ar7d socFar Settings S.N. Project Nearest CFs Major Tree Species Wildlife (mammals and birds) NTFPs Components 4 Lampantar SS Pachrang Sal (Shorea robusta), Mriga (Muntiacus muntjak), Badhar (Suryodaya Chilaune (Schima (Macaca mulafta), Kaltl (ephura cF) wallichii), Sa1 (Terminalia leucomelanos), Dhukur spp ), Barro (Terminalia (Streptopelia chrnensr.s), Sparrow bellirica), Harro (Passer domesficus), Kaag (Corvus (Terminalia chebula), sp/endens) etc. Bhalayo (Semecapus anacardium), Botdhayero (Lagerstroemia paruiflora) etc. 5 Laban:SS No CF Teak (Tectona grandis) and Masala (Eucalyptus spp.) trees in private land. 6 Gorusinghe Janamukhi Sal (Shorea robusta), Mriga (Muntiacus muntjak), Badhar SS CF and Harro (Terminalia (Macaca mulafta), Kalj (Lephura JayMahalax chebula), Barro leucomelanos), Dhukur mi CF (Terminalia bellirica), (Streptopelia chinensis), Sparrow Amala (Phyllanthus (Passer domesficus), Kaag (Coruus emblica), Sisau (Dalbergra sp/endens)etc. sr.ssoo), Saal (Terminalia spp ), Botdhayero (Lag e rst roe m i a p a ru ifl o ra), Khayer (Acacia catechu) etc. 7 Hansapur SS Pothrang CF Salla (Pinus roxburghii), 丁imur,Chiralo Utis (Alnus nepalensrb), Gurans (Rhododendron spp.)etc. 8 Marbhung SS No CFs Source」 Fわ rd Иsit 20′ 8 ESMP Repoft ′7 ArEハ ーESSD Existing Environmental and Socla/ Sefflnqs 2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment The subproject sites of proposed SIDP affects 7 rural municipalities (RMs) and one municipality of five districts of Nepal. The total area of the project affected wards is 186.83sq.km. According to Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) 2011, the total population of project affected wards is 30,576 with 14,351 male and 16,225 female which occupies 0.12% of the total population of the country (26,494,5O4). There are diverse ethnic caste groups residing in the subproject affected wards along with indigenous caste groups; Magar, Tamang, Sherpa, Muslim, Tharu, Chaudhary and others and dalit caste groups Kami and sarki. The detail is given in Table 2-4. The summary of the socio-economic and cultural baseline of the sub-project sites is presented in Table 2-4,2-5,2-6 and 2-7. Table 24: Ward level Social Baseline of the sub-project Sites HHs Population Ｓ Project RM′ VVard Area Mノ F Pop. Caste/ uniclpa‖ t〕 no Ｎ site ‖ sq.km) Density Ethnic group Total M F 1 ０ ０ ０ Magar, ０ Tamang, ＥＯ ∽∽ Ｅ ︐Ｏ 2 2039 794 3,273 1,481 1,792 8265 161 Newar, Brahmin, ビ ﹂ ﹂ ｏ ｏ Chhetri and dalit ０ ０ 2 ｃ Σα ∞ コ Ｅｃ ∽∽ ｘ 2028 Chhetri, Rai, Sherpa, 2 739 3,144 8593 Ｏ 1,453 1,691 155 Ｅ⊃ ｍ Tamang and dalit. ０ 3 ﹂ Ｏｙ﹂ ｏＦ ｏ   Brahmin, Chhet百 〕 ∽∽ Σビ 7 1507 459 2298 1149 1149 100 152 Mahi,  」anaau and っ Ｖ も０ da‖ t 4 ﹂０ギ Ｃ∞一 ｃｍａＥ ｃコ Magar, ∽∽ Σα Brahmin, ＯＱ Ｃ一 10 161 481 2,485 1,174 1,311 8954 154 Janajati and dalit. ト 5 ＣＯ工００００ っ∽ 一 Ｃ００Ｃコ Muslim, Chaudha‖ ∽∽ 1253 9955 , 3 1055 7,092 3,538 3,554 566 Kurrni, Yadav, dalit α (Chamar,Dhobi) 6 丁 コ ０∞ ００３ｍ ０ ＯＣ一 Chaudha百 ,  Tharu, ∽∽ 7559 4936 ∽ ﹂ 3 1023 2312 2624 8811 65 Brahmin,Chhetn and ００ dalit 7 ﹂コＱＯ∽Ｃｏ エ 一 Ｃ ∞上 Ｏ Σ Chhetri, ∽∽ Brahmin, Σ∝ 6 1222 826 3,527 1,531 1,996 7670 289 Sunar, Kami, Magar and Raut ESMP Report NEA― ESSD S′ DP Exlsr"g Eη νfroη me″ ta′ and Socla′ Ser″ ngs 8 ＯＣＤｆｏ﹂ 0 ∽∽ ごコ 1465 883 3821 2108 8126 ChhetH,  Brahmin, 8 1,713 261 聖 daht(Sarki and kamり ｏマど Total 18683 6,260 30,576 14,351 16,225 SOυ rcei CBS 2θ イ′ Note HH=Household,M=Mae,F=Female,M/F=Male/Female ra‖ o,★ =Area n Km2,☆ ★ =Persons/km2 Accessibility: All the subproject sites are accessible by road round the year. And the construction of the substations will not be affected by the condition of the existing roads. The detail of the access roads to the subproject sites is given in Table.2-5. Table 2-5: Detail of the access roads to the sub-project sites SN Name of the Project Site Name of the access road to sub-project Remarks sites 1 Doramba Substation Mulkot-Sitkha-Doramba 1 motor able road from Khimti-Kukhure aahal-Daduwa-Doramba north region (gravel) and one from western region (earthen). Bamti Substation Chuchure-Deurali-Bamti The site is 700m far from One ea(hen road besides the SS sile Bamti buspark. Khurkot Subslation B.P. hrghway (Banepa-Bardibas road) 4 Lampantar SS Sindhuli-Bhimslhan-Chakmake-Baun Tilpung road The site is beside the road Laban SS Taulihawa-Bhairahawa road The site is about 100m east from the road. East― West highway ＾ About 4500m south from ０ Gorusinghe SS Tikar― Buddhi‐ B19autt earthen「 oad the site The road goes beslde the SS sne 7 Hansapur SS Mehelpani-Sautamare earthen road 30m above the road. 8 iilarbhung SS Tamghas-Simaltari-Chaurasi-Purkot daha The sle is beside the road road Source: Field Survey, 201 8 Settlements: There are altogether 1,443 households in the nearby settlements of the substations with a total population of 30,576. Female population outnumber the male population in almost all sites. All settlements have mixed social groups comprising of different indigenous people, Dalits and Brahmin/Chhetries. Table 2‐ 6:Detail of the nearest sett:ement ofthe sub‐ prtteCt Sites Gumba Tole. i/ajority of Tamang and Ghyangdada ESル′ P Reρ O″ SIDP Existing Environmental and Social Settings 700m Ratnajyoti 100 350 170 180 Majority of Chhetri, 2 Bamu ss bazaat Jananati and Dalit. 150m Singau 20 49 22 27 Sherpa community Khurkot Mathillo Dalit, Newar, Chhetri and 150m 14 う うこ ︵ ︐ 3 69 ６ ′ ０ SS Bara Magar community. Lampantar Math‖ lo Magar, Brahmin and dalit 4 150m 94 407 174 233 SS Pachrang community Labani Brahmin, Muslim, Yadav, 5 Laban SS 350m Chauraha 150 628 308 320 Chaudhary, Kalwar and chowk Kurmi. 1500m G hancha u ra 500 1160 510 650 Tharu, Magar, Gurung, Gorus:nghe village Brahmin, Chhetri 6 SS Pratappur Chaudhary, Brahmin and 350m 100 585 270 315 village Chhetri. Hansapu r 100m Mehalpa n i Chhetri, Brahmin, Magar, 7 200 938 423 515 SS village Raut and Pariyar. Chhet口 ,Brahmin,Sarki and 1 5km Bwase 10 56 26 30 Marbhung Kami 8 5i Simaltari 200 5,378 393 485 bazaat r Fled SuNey, 20′ 8 Educational lnstitutions, Health Services, Market centers and other Social lnfrastructures: There are some educational institutions, health institutions, market center and other social infrastructures near to the subproject sites (within '100m to 1 km). The detail is given in Table 2-7 . Table 2‐ 7:Bui:t up!nfrastructures around the sub‐ p JeCt Sites Name  of Ｓ Others Ｅ ｔ   ｓ Distance Educational Health Religious Market ｅ ｎ ｃ ｒ Ｃ Ｎ Ｌ the Project lnstitution institution Sites ｅ Site 200m Doramba Gumba 150m Ｄ ｂ ｍ Ｏ  ｏ ａ ａ Shanti Park, One Ｓ pond ０ and Football ground 700m Ratnajyoti bazaat つ４ ５  ５ ０  ０ ｍ   ｍ Gumba  ０ Bhumethan ０ temple 150m Primary school 2 Bamu ss lkm Higher secondary and public campus 断び ｉ ｄ Ｓ ｅ One Kholsi, Ｓ Ｓ ESMP Repoft 20 ESSD Ⅳ[ス ー S′ DP Existing Environmental and Socia/ Settings Name  of Ｓ Distance Electric Educational Health Religious Market Others Ｎ the Project Lines !nstitution institution Sites Site boundary 33kV TL 4 HHs (3 ' of Likhu f「 om left and 20-40m', hyd「 o l upward) 30mi lHH; Khurkot 15m Banepa― 3 Substation Bardibas highway 150m Mathillo Pachrang pnmary school Lampantar 4 40m Sindhuli- SS Bhimsthan- BaunTilpung road; 15m 6HHs 100m 33kV TL Bhairahawa- Lumbini- Taulihawa 5 Labani SS road 250‑ Lower Private Durga Labani 300m secondary hospital and temple chauraha school health post 6 Gorusinghe 20m 丁ikar SS buddhi― B19auri roadi 40m 6HHs 1 5km 33kV ttL Hansapur 7 100‑ Primary Shivalaya Saljhandi- SS 200m school Dhorpatan 30‑100m Tamghas- Simaltari- Purkotdaha road; Marbhung 8 10 HHs SS 350m Shree kinsan boarding school Source: Field Survey, 201 8 タ ESMPReρ orf SIDP Assessment of lmpacts and Mitigation Measures 3 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The SIDP is classified as category B for environment due to limited adverse environmental impacts which are site specific, largely reversible and can be readily addressed through mitigation measures. The sub project sites do not locate in a sensitive ecosystem, and has avoided areas of historical and cultural significance. The land to be used for the substations has already acquired by NEA and there is no issue of encroachment. The main impacts are associated with the clearing of shrub vegetation and leveling the land, waste management and management of labor camps at the sites. Moreover, most of the associated impacts are limited to the construction phase and are temporary in nature. 3.1 Environmenta! lmpacts (Physical and Biological) The environmental impacts include physical and biological impacts on the existing environment due to the construction of the sub-projects during construction and operation phase. The adverse or negative impacts related to social issues and the potential mitigation measures required are presented in Table 3-1 . ESMP Repoft 22 /VEA― ESSD Table 3-1: Environmental lmpacts and their Measures S.N. Project Potential c/o lmpacts Mitigation Measures Site lssues Phase The land use changes due to the construction of No mitigation measures required. substations and their facilities in the permanent land. A All sub- Change in total of 3.8833ha land is required for the construction of 1 proJect C eight substations and land requirement for construction of Landuse sites each substation is given in Table 'l-3. However, the land is under the ownership of NEA, thus no individuals will be directly affected by the project activities. The construction activities consist of site clearance, Water will be sprayed through tanker on the excavation work, cut-fill work for the levelling and grading earthen road near Mathillo Pachrang and of the land, concreting etc. These activities will generate settlement near Marbung SS once a day to reduce dust in the surrounding area of project sites. There are no the dust problem, particularly when conslruction major settlement within '100m of the prolect sites except materials is being transported to the project sites. Mathillo Pachrang of Lampantar SS and few houses of Maintenance of all vehicles and construction C Marbung SS. Apart from these activities, movement of All sub- transporting vehicles carrying the construction materials machinery will be done. 2 prolect Air Quality Helmets and air mask will be provided to labor sites along earthen road wrll generate fugitive as well as force working in areas susceptible to dust combustion emissions and will cause temporary impact on pollution. air quality and thus may cause problem on health of construction workers and local people living near to the project sites. No impact on air quality is envisaged during the operation There is no significant impact on air quality during the O phase. operation and mainlenance period. So no mitigation measure is required. Generation of noise due to construction vehicles (grader, . Maintenance of all vehicles and construction excavator and dumper). The emission of noise and machinery will be done. Lampantar SS and Noise vibrations are inevitable during construction though only . Earmuffs wlll be provided to the workers as per the 3 Marbhung C insigniflcant interruption in noise quality has been requirement. Quality SS expected for the 33kV substation project. No major . The construction work will be limited to daytime as settlements are located within 100m from the project sites far as possible. :o :'\,\ DL except few houses near Lampantar SS and Marbhung SS. ´い０﹁ ´ ヽ Repoft 23 NEA― ESSD S/DP Assessment of lmpacts and Mitigation Measures SN PrOieCt Potential c/o lmpacts Mitigation Measures Site lssues Phase The impacts will be felt to the household near Lampantar . lnform local neighborhood community befo re SS and Marbhung SS. construction activities start about planned civil works how they could be affected by them. . Carry out noise construction activities and transports during normal working hours, never at night time or Saturdays Nolse generaled during the operational phase will No mitigation required during this phase. 0 generally result from vehicular movement which is expected to be negligible. Domestic type solid wastes are biodegradable which will be managed by burying in pit; Recyclable wastes (such as glass, paper, plastic, etc.) will be collected separately to be sent for recycling. Separate waste containers (drums, bins, The improper disposal of solid waste like cement bags, skips or bags) will be provided for different types iron bar and other leftover construction materials and of waste, C wastes from workers might cause sanitary problem to No waste will be disposed along public road or in workers involved and local people around the project the surrounding area of project sites; All sub- Waste sites. Construction workers will be instructed for proper 4 project storage and handling procedures of construction Management sites waste and other solid wastes. The contractor will be responsible for the establishment of the waste management system at the construction and camp areas. The personnel who work during operation period will The domesttc wastes will primarily consist of organic generate domestic solid waste. food waste because this is easily biodegradable and O non-hazardous. lt will be managed by burying in pits and subsequently covering with soil. Khurkot Erosion and The proJect sites are located on relatively stable areas. . Retaining wall along the boundary of Khurkot SS 5 SS, C Due to the sloppy land of Khurkot SS, during excavation, is needed to retain the soil mass and control minor Land stability Doramba minor soil erosion may occur and may cause the soil erosion; 羊 ESMP Reporf 24 AIEA― ESSD :   I I I           I S′ DP Assessment of lmpacts and Mitigation Measures S.N. PrOieCt Potential c/o lmpacts Mitigation Measures Site lssues Phase SS  and disturbance in the village road below the SS site. There is . Gabion wall need to be constructed along the BamI SS small kholsi in the southern part of Doramba SS and in the kholsi near Doramba SS and Bamti SS to prevent eastern part of Bamti SS which may cause bank erosion bank erosion; and thus leading to the erosion of SS sites. Moreover, . Hume pipe below the access road to Doramba SS, there is a chances of erosion of access road to the need to be provided for passage of monsoon water Doramba SS. of kholsi; O There is no impact on land stability during this phase. No mitigation measures is required. Restriction in movement of mammals and there could be Since most of the substation area lies far from the C hunting and poaching activities by labors in the nearby nearby forest, the scale of such impact is predicted to A‖ sub‐ lrnpacts on forest area. be low and thus no mitigation measures required. 6 proieCt wild‖ fe All the labor force leave the construction site, the sites O possibilities of hunting and trapping by workers will be No mitigation measure is required. subsided. 7 All sub- Loss of ground vegetation cover. Since ground coverage No mitigation measure is required. project C is mainly maintained by invasive species llke Eupatorium Loss Of sites spp., the impact due to such removalwill be low. ground cover No impact is seen on ground cover as the land will be O occupied by sub-station components. Note. C: Construction Phase, O: Operation Phase ArEハ ‐ESSD S′ DP Assessment of lmpacts and Mitigation Measures 3.2 Social lmpacts The social impacts would not be significant and are mostly restricted to the sub-project areas and its immediate surroundings. There will be no land acquisition and no impacts on the present land use as all the land required for the project is already owned by NEA and there is no issue of encroachment in the sub-project areas. Social screening has already been carried out in all sites and no adverse social impacts are identified during screening. However, the construction works will affect the people of nearby communities in different ways viz noise, dust, accidents, vibrations as well as issues related to labor management (labor camp, hygiene and sanitation, potential conflict between labor and locals etc) which should be managed by the project and contractors. The adverse or negative impacts related to social issues and the potential mitigation measures required are presented in Table 3-2. The project works in substations do not result any kind of involuntary resettlement as well as any physical or economic displacement of the locals. All land areas to be used for substations are free from squatters and encroachers. The construction works also do not lead to other adverse impacts to the local people, particularly in terms of loss of their properties viz land, houses, income, employment or their access to natural resources related to their livelihoods. lmpacts on lndigenous People: The subproject works also do not cause any adverse impacts to indigenous people like loss income, employment or restricted access to their resources for livelihoods. Rather, the project may provide new opportunities for them in different ways i.e employment in project works, increased business opportunities, increased income, increased land value, transfer of skills etc. ヅ 趾 ESMP Repoft 26 lVEA― ESSD Table 3-2: Social lmpacts and their Mitigation Measures S. Proiect Site Potential c/o lmpacts Mitigation Measures N. lssues Phase Common lssues Avoid overloading trucks and cover trucks to minimize dust and loss of load from trucks during transportation. Use water sprays or covered chutes to reduce lncrease in traffic flow from the transportation of dust emission during loading and unloading of Construction construction materials. There may be the materials from barges. related transportation related impacts such as dust and All sub- Maintain crushing and mixing plants in good 1 project sites: kansportation C gas emission, chances of road accidents and and hauling working condition so as to reduce emisslon from also there may be the issues of p€destrian of materials the plant. safety in the nearby settlements of subproject sites. As far as possible, plan truck trips during low traffic hours. lmplement safety procedures during transport to reduce the potential for road accidents. Keep tratfic signs around the construction sites. An on-site medical facility and first-aid will be provided for the construction workers. Personal protective equipment (Hard hats, gloves and steel-toed shoes with rubber soles) for workers will be provided, when necessary, to minimize Occupational health and safety risks. lmpact on health and safety of the workers and All sub- Health and Education on basic hygienic practices to minimize つ４ C there may be the occupational inluries to the project sites safety of workers. spread of tropical diseases, including information employees on methods of transmission and protection will be given. Prohibition of drugs and alcohol on construction site. Fencing of the construction sites with sign boards required. ⅣEA‐ ESSD S′ DP 'レ :                                                                      ASSessmepr oFlmpacrs aη ‐ d MrrrgarrOη  veasυ res S PrtteCt S■ e Potential C′ 0 lmpacts Mitigation Measures N lssues Phase じ01 mmon issues lmplement a system of penalties for violation of . Alloccupational health and safety requirements are in place on sites in the operation period. O . Operational Manual and professional training manual will be at all time in the facility. . There will be sufficient fund available to carry out periodic maintenance and repairs of equipment. The construction of the substation would result in A‖ sub‐ Change in the an unmltigable visual impact because it would 3 prolect sites aesthetic create a change to the existing landscape. lt The significant impact of substations on aesthetic value would antroduce blockage and glare. This may value cannot be mitigated completely. destroy natural beauty. Since the number of labor will be very small size for each subproject site, labor camp will be established within the premises of substation area. The labor camp will be provided with simple dry pit toilet constructed on hard ground and far from water sources. lncrease in the number of labor leads to the issue First aid kits will be maintained for preliminary All sub- Labor influx of health and sanitation of the workers and also 4 project sites and labor C the solid waste management produced in the treatment in emergencies. camps The domestic solid waste generated in the project labor camp. area will be either buried in designed landfill areas or converted in to compost. Hand pump will be installed in the terai area (Labani and Gorusanghe SS) and in hilly area (other SSs), either piped water from nearby community or tanker will be provided to the workers for drinking ゛ ― 佗 逹 ESMPRepο ″ 28 NEA― ESSD I 1 . I l  '  I S′ DP Assessrnent of lmpacts and Mitigation Measures S. Project Site Potential c/o lmpacts Mitigation Measures N. lssues Phase Common lssues The construction workers will be returned back O No mitigation measure is required. and construction camp will be destroyed. Specific lssues ln Khurkot SS site, there is one HH; in . Fencing wall will be constructed around the sub- Khurkot SS; Lampantar SS site, there are 6 HHs, in project site in the initial stage to avoid the Lampantar Marbhung SS, there are 3 HHs and in Doramba disturbances from construction activities. lmpact on C SS, SS site, there is one cowshed which are very Priority to employment in project activities will be given nearby HHs Doramba near to SS sites (50-150m). Thus, project to the people of these HHs according to their skill. and structure SS; and activities may affect these HHs. Marbhung O SS. No impacts is seen during this phase. . No mitigation measure is required. Note: C: Construction Phase; O: Operation Phase 褥 lVEハ ー ESSD S/DP Assessmenf of /mp acts and Mitigation Measures 3.3 Community Support Program (CSP) Community Support Programme is the prime responsibility of any development project as the project has to do some support to the community near the project area for its development. 'National Energy Crisis and Electricity Development Decades, Concept Paper and work Procedure, 2072 has clearly defined it. Therefore, as a part of CSp, project will provide financial support on different sectors like education, health, infrastructure, service facility and religious sites. Following are the sectors covering as CSP: a. Education Support Program Schools which are in vulnerable condition and located in nearby the SS area, will be supported through educational support program. Support will be provided for purchase of computer, library establishment and extra curriculum activities. Altogether 8 schools will be benefited by this program. The total amount for this provision shall be NRs. 4,000,000. b. lnfrastructure and Service Facility Project also aims to support to people/stakeholders of proiect affected ward /settlement in the infrastructures and service facility sector. Support will be provided for renovation of community building centers for study, temples near (200m) to the substation area, play-ground for the community, mothers group buildings etc. For this NRs. 4,000,000 has been allocated. Summary of CSP Cost The total CSP cost for the socio-economic and cultural environment is NRs. 8,000,000. Table 3-3: Summary of CSP Cost SN Oescription Amount(NRs) 1 Education Support Program 4,000,000 2 lnf rastructure and Service facility 4.000,000 Total 8,000,000 % of total project cost 05% 3.4 Environment Mitigation Plan The identified impacts due to project activities and the mitigation measures are explained in the given table. ガ ESMP Repoft 3θ ESSD          ― ⅣEス ー 〔   ￨ (   1   1  { S′ DP Mor7″ σttη o a″ d Reρ οrrr7。 Mecわ anlsm Environmenta! lmpact and Mitigation Matrix Es‖ mated lnstitutional Responsibility S.N lssues !mpacts Mitigation Measures Location Timing of Mttigation Action Cost mplementation Supervision (NRs) A. Common issues for all sub stations: 1 Change in About 3.8833ha barren Labor camp and storage Sub― prolect Construction Project Contractor Landuse land camp will be managed Sltes phase. Cost within the substation sites for minimizing the impact of landuse. 2 Air Quality The construction Spraying water along Sub-project Construction Project Contractor GSEEP/ activities such as site earthen road near Sites phase. Cost ESSD clearance, excavation settlement, maintenance of work, cut-fill work for the construction vehicles and levelling and grading of helmets and air mask for the land, concreting and labor force. vehicular movement etc. will generate dust in the surrounding area of proiect sites 3 Noise Quality Noise generated by Maintenance of all vehicles Sub-project Construction Project Contractor GSEEP/ construction vehicles and construction machinery, Sites phase. Cost ESSD degrade noise quality of earmuffs for the workers as surrounding area of per the requirement and project sites limiting the construction work in daytime. The improper disposal of Domestic type solid wastes Construction Construction Project Contractor GSEEP/ solid waste like cement will be managed by burying sites and phase. Cost ESSD bags, iron bar and other in pit. Recyclable wastes will camp site. leftover construction be collected separately to Waste materials and wastes be sent for recycling. 4 management from workers might Drums, bins, skips or bags cause sanitary problem will be provided for different to workers involved and types of waste collection. local people around the Construction workers will be project sites. instructed for proper storage and handling procedures of 37 EssD ArEハ ー Sノ DP Mon itoring and Reporting Mech anism construction waste and other solid wastes. The personnel who work Domestic solid waste will be Sub-project Operation during operation period managed by burying in pits sites phase will generate domestic and subsequently covering 喪 solid waste. with soil. Gabion wall need to be constructed along the Chances of soil erosion kholsi near Doramba SS during excavation of and Bamti SS to prevent sloppy land of Khurkot bank erosion; SS which may disturb Hume pipe below the movement along village access road to Doramba 5 E「 os:on and earthen road below the SS, need to be provided for Sub-project Construction Project CSEEP/ Contractor Land Stabi!ity SS site. Moreover, land passage of monsoon water sites phase. Cost ESSD erosion by kholsi near of kholsi; Doramba and Bamti SS Retaining wall along the may cause land boundary of Khurkot SS is instability. needed to retain the soil mass and control minor soil erosion: 6 Construction There may be the Use water sprays or Construction Construction lncluded ln Contractor NEA/ESSD related transportation covered chutes to reduce site related and phase. Project transportation impacts such as dust dust emission during surround Cost and hauling o1 and gas emission, loading and unloading of settlement. materials chances of road materials from barges. accidents and also the Maintain crushing and issues of pedestrian mixing plants in good safety. working condition so as to reduce emission from the plant. As far as possible, plan truck trips during low traffic hours. lmplement safety procedures during transport to reduce the ESMP Reρ orf 32 ArEハ ー ど ssD 〔 ￨ : ￨(   1   1   1  {   〔 ￨̀ ￨〔    〔  (   1   1   l   C  (   1   1 1〔 1 S′ DP potential for road accidents. Keep traffic signs around the construction sites. 7 Health An on-site medical facility Construction anc The project activities will Construction lncluded in Contractor NEA/ESSD Safety have direct impact on will be designed to cater for site and phase. Project health and safety of the primary health care needs surround Cost workers and there may of workers; settlement. be the occupational Personal protective injuries to the equipment ( Hard hats, construction workers. gloves and steel-toed shoes with rubber soles) for workers will be provided; Education on basic hygienic practices to minimize spread of tropical diseases, Fencing of the construction sites with sign boards required. The construction of the substation would result in an unmitigable visual Change impact because it would The significant impact of 8 in the create a change to the substations on aesthetic aesthetic existing landscape. lt value cannot be mitigated value would introduce completely. blockage and glare and this may destroy natural beautv. Since the number of labor lncrease in the number will be very small size for Labor each subproject site, labor of labor leads to the influx issue of health and camp will be established 9 and within the premises of Subproject Construction Project sanitation of the workers Contractor NEA/ESSD labor substation area. sites phase. Cost and also the solid waste camps The labor camp will be management produced provided with simple dry pit in the labor camp. toilet far from water sources. ArEA― EssD SiDP h^"i.^ /.: /-:t jl-='--"""r First aid kits will be .r' I l I I maintained mainiained pretiminary for preliminary | I I I I .-- | | | | emersencies. treatment in emergencies. The domestic solid waste | | | | | va generated in the project area will be either buried in 支 designed landfill areas or converted in to compost. Hand pump will be installed in the terai area (Labani and Gorusinghe SS) and in hilly area (other SS sites) either piped water from nearby community or tanker will be provided to the workers for drinking water purpose. B. Specific issues 1 lmpact There are altogether 10 Fencing wall will be ln Khurkot Preconstructi Project Contractor NEA/ESSD on HHs and one cowshed constructed around the sub- SS site (1 on and cost nearby near to sub-project sites in the initial project site HHs), construction HHs and (50-150m). Thus, stage to avoid the Lampantar phase. structure project activities may disturbances from SS site (6 affect these HHs. construction activities. HHs), Priority to employment in Marbhung project activities will be SS (3 HHs) given to the people of these and HHs according to their skill. Doramba SS site (one cowshed) ESMP Report 34 AIEハ ーESSD 〔   〔 ￨〔    〔   〔   〔   〔  (   1   1   1   1   1   l   C  (  (   〔   〔   〔 SIDP Monitoring and Repoding Mechanism 4 MONITORING AND REPORTING MECHANISM Monitoring is an essential aspect of environmental and social management plan. An Effective monitoring of the whole project cycle, will assist for the implementation of moniloring plan and coordination of work of the proiect with concerned stakeholders as well as identify the unexpected problems/outcomes that might come in physical, biological and socio-economical sector and facilitate the correction of those. Land use pattern, settlement, health and safety, infrastructure, implementation of the mitigation measures are the few areas of monitoring. NEA/ESSD is responsible for regular monitoring and reporting of the implementation of the project. Ministry of Energy, Water Resource and lrrigation (MoEWl), Department of Electricity Development (DoED) and local bodies will also be involved during the monitoring. The environmental and social monitoring and reporting will be carried out at project impact areas on a regular basis. The experts from ESSD will visit project site at periodic interval for the environmental monitoring of the project and prepare the monitoring report. The project manager office (pMo) will be responsible for the distribution of report to the concerned agencies. The detail of monitoring parameters, schedule, method and agencies to be consulted during construction and operation phases for physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment is presented in table given below. 4.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan A monitoring program, required for the project to evaluate the application and effectiveness of mitigation measures, is formulated in three phases. a. Preconstruction Monitoring Since the construction work of the project will siart immediately, preconstruction monitoring is not required for the proposed SIDP. b. Construction Monitoring lmpact and compliance monitoring will be conducted during this phase of project development. lmpact Monitoring lmpact monitoring will be carried out to assess actual level of impact due to project construction. The impact moniloring includes: ' monitoring of the impacts of the project on physical, biological and socioeconomic & cultural environment of the area; . monitoring of the accuracy of the predicted impacts; o identify the emerging impacts due to project activities or natural process and develop remedial action; and . monitoring of the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Compliance Monitoring The compliance monitoring will be conducted to monitor the compliance of the proposed mitigation measures and monitoring activities. The compliance monitoring will mainly focus on; . compliance of the tender clause; . compliance of the mitigation measures; o timely and adequately implementation of Environmenlal Management plan; and o overall environmental and social performance of the project. by ESMP Report SIDP Monitoing and Reporting Mechanism ab:e4‐ 1:Monitori SN Pa ra meter lndicators Method Location Schedule A Construction Monitoring impact Mon■ o‖ ng Dust around the 4 Air Ouality Observation Construction area Weekly during construction proiect area 衰 2 Noise Quality Construction vehicles Standard of MoEST Construction area Weekly during construction 3 Waste Management Unpleasant odour Labor camp/ construction Observation Weekly during construction and visual impact sites Eroslon and Land Management of stab‖ ity kholsi and slopy Observation Construction area Monthly during constructaon area. Use of water spray Construction related and placement of 4 transportation and hoarding board Direct observation Construction area Construction period hauling of materials around the construction sites lmpacts on health of the workerst No. of Occupational Health and accidents, use of lnspection of the construction 5 place; Records of diseases Sub-prolect area Continuous during Safety issues personal protective (construction sites) construction period and accidents instrument by the workers No. of local people Records kept by Continuous during 6 Employment Construction area construction period and employed by prolect management annually during operation To‖ et and drinking water fac‖ ty. Observation, consultation 7 Labor camp Construction area Construction period ava‖ ab‖ ity of frst ald with the labor force kids in labor camp Compliance Mon■ o‖ ng Allocation of adequate budget for implementation of Yes′ No Review, inquiry and 4 environmental mitigation Kathmandu Offce Preconstruction phase consultation measures and monitorino works ESMP Repoft 36 ESSD NEス ー 〔   1   1   1   1   〔  (   〔   〔   〔  (   1   1   1   1   1   1   ̀      1   1 〔 S′ DP                                      echa″ Ism νO″ lrorllg and Reρ O/flagル′ 4.2  Environment Mitigation and Monitoring Cost Environment Mitigation Cost There is no mitigation cost fo「 the proposed prolect and tOtal CSP costis estimated to be NRs 8,000,000 which is only 0 50/O of the total prolect COSt(Table 3‑3) Environment Monitoring Cost The monitoring costs have been estimated in Table 4‑2 The total costforthe monito「 ing activities (f。 「 COnstruction phase)has been estimated as NRs 2,813,550ノ ー Table 4-2: Monitoring Cost of the Proposed SIDP Rate′ Month Amount Ｎ Ｏ Ｏ SN Item Ｐ  ¨ Man-month iNRs) (NRs) ０ Ｓ ｎ Office Field Total (100%) (150°/。 ) Construction Phase 1 Manpower Sr. Environment Expert 1 1 1 41.000 41,000 Coordinator 1 2 7 35000 280.000 Civil Enqineer 1 4 2 6 35000 245000 Environmentalist 1 4 2 2 35000 245000 Socio-economist 1 4 2 6 35000 245000 Electrical Enqineer 1 1 1 35000 35000 Liaison Officer 1 1 1 30550 30550 4 30.500 122000 つ Support Staff 8 Sub Tota: 1,243,550 Out of Pocket Expenses TAIDA LS 550,000 Vehicle hire/ Maintenance LS 400,000 Fuel LS 200000 2 Report Production LS 100,000 Computer and Printer LS 120,000 Communitv Consultation LS 100000 Miscellaneous LS 150,000 Sub‐ Tota: 1.570.000 Total of Construction Phase Monitorino 2,813,550 4.3 lmplementation of Mitigation Measures/CSP and Monitoring Activity GSEEP/NEA has prime responsibility for implementing the proposed mitigation measures and NEA/ESSD for the monitoring activities. GSEEP/NEA has an obligation to carry out all these activities along with cost. P RepOrf ESル ′ SIDP Monitoing and Reporting Mechanism 5 GRTEVANCE REDRESS MECHANTSM (cRM) Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) must be established to allow project affected families/households (PAFS/HHS), community or other stakeholder to appeal any disagreeable decisions, practices and activities arising from compensation for assets, enviionme-ntal and community concerns related to project. GRM for any infrastructure project provides an effective approach for complaints and resolution of issues made by the affected community in a reliable way. Consldering this, Grievance redress mechanism will be established to allow project affected families/households (PAFS/HHS), community or other stakeholder to make appeal on any disagreeable decisions and praclices arising due to project works. GRM provides an effective approach for filing complaints and their resolution effectively and timely. Considering this, a Grievance Redress Cell (GRC) has already been established at project level on z}72t6gl1 as required by the project's Environment and social Management Frimework (ESMF).The GRC consists of the following members. Project Coordinator, Coordinator Project Manager, 33 kV DSE & R Component, Member Secretary Officer from Concern Rural Municipality/Municipality, Member Secretary, from Concern Rural Municipality/Municipality, Member The field level GRC will be formed after the commencement of work in the site. Till then the project level GRC will look after the grievances, if any. The GRC maintains registration books and files to keep the records of complaints filed by the affected people and communily. The GRC seeks to resolve the issues quickly in order to expedite the project works withoul resorting to expensive and time-consuming legal actions. The budget for setting up the grievance cell has been provided by the PMO itself. The fleld level GRC will be formed after the commencement of work in the site. Till then the project level GRC will look after the grievance if any. The GRC maintains registration books to look into complaints and concerns about ownership disputes, inheritance of assets missing affected assets etc. The GRC seeks to resolve the issues quickly in order to expedite the receipt of compensation, without resorting to expensive and time-consuming legal actions. The budget for setting up the grievance cell has been provided by the PMO itself. All the grievances or complaints filed at local level will be resolved by the field level GRCs. However, grievances not resolved locally or beyond the capacity of local GRC will be forwarded to the GRC at the center which will be responsible to address lhem on a timely manner. 6 THE STUDYTEAM The following personnel were involved during the ESMp of the proposed SlDp: Table 6‐ 1:ESMP Team SN Name Designation/Expertise Address Phone No. 1 Rabindra Pd. Chaudhary Chief (Team Coordinator) 2 Poonam Pokharel Asst. Director (Team Leade0 NEA‐ ESSD 01‑6611580 3 Nagendra Mulmi Civil Engineer 4 Kabka Poudel Environmentalist デ ESMP Repoi 38 ⅣE4‑ESSD Project Related Photographs and Minutes of Consultation Meeting Annex I ︺    ︺    一      ︺    ︺    一   一      ︺    ︺    ︶    ︸    ︺    ︺    ︸    ︺ 〈 二 Figure l: Doramba SS site Figure‖ :Bamti SS site げ■ ト い ▲ Picture:l::Khurkot SS site ̀ Picture iV:Labani SS ツ ︼    一 ﹄    ヽ Picture V: Gorusinghe SS site ︶    ︼ Picture l: b-project Site ″ ︺ ´ iqrd f{Td srhfisr ︺ rfliil?Rsr (rctl