THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MCIT) DIGITAL TANZANIA PROJECT (DTP) P-160766 VULNERABLE GROUPS PLANNING FRAMEWORK JUNE 2021 Contents List of Figures and Tables............................................................................................................................... 4 List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 7 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Environmental and Social Framework ................................................................................................ 11 1.2 Justification for a VGPF ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Methodology for preparation of the VGPF and Consultation ............................................................. 12 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DIGITAL TANZANIA PROJECT ............................................................. 15 2.1 Background to the Digital Tanzania Project ....................................................................................... 15 2.2 Description of the Digital Tanzania Project Components................................................................... 15 2.3. Digital Tanzania Project Beneficiaries ............................................................................................... 22 2.4. Institutional and Implementation Arrangements for the DTP............................................................. 23 2.4.1 Institutional and implementation arrangements ................................................................................... 23 2.4.2 The Steering Committee ...................................................................................................................... 23 2.4.3 Project Coordination ............................................................................................................................ 24 2.4.3.1 MCIT and PO-PSMGG..................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.3.2 Project Technical Committee (TC) ................................................................................................... 24 2.4.3.3 Project Implementation Unit (PIU). .................................................................................................. 24 2.4.3.4 Institutional Technical Teams. .......................................................................................................... 25 2.4.3.5 Implementing Agencies (IAs) ........................................................................................................... 25 2.4.3.6 World Bank ....................................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.3.7 Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT) ................................................. 25 2.4.3.8 President’s Office Public Service Management and Good Governance (PO-PSMGG) ................... 26 2.4.3.9 Ministry of Finance and Planning ..................................................................................................... 26 2.4.3.10 President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG) ....................... 26 2.4 DTP Location ...................................................................................................................................... 27 3. BASELINE OF VULNERABLE GROUPS AND RELATED SOCIAL ISSUES .............................. 28 3.1 General Characteristics of Vulnerable Groups ................................................................................... 28 3.2 Vulnerable Groups in Tanzania .......................................................................................................... 28 3.3 Challenges Facing Vulnerable Groups ............................................................................................... 32 2 3.4 Possible Impacts on the Vulnerable Groups ....................................................................................... 33 4 POLICY FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING VULNERABLE GROUPS ............................................... 28 5 VULNERABLE GROUPS PLAN ........................................................................................................ 35 5.1 Screening for Presence of VGs ........................................................................................................... 35 5.2 Social Assessment Process ................................................................................................................. 35 5.3 Preparation of Vulnerable Groups Plan .............................................................................................. 36 5.1 Impact Identification ........................................................................................................................... 36 5.2 Determination of Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................... 37 5.3 Capacity Building ............................................................................................................................... 37 5.4 Bank Decision on Project Investments ............................................................................................... 37 5.5 Contents of a Vulnerable Groups Plan................................................................................................ 38 6 FRAMEWORK FOR FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT ................................................. 39 6.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 39 6.2 Free, Prior and Informed Consent ....................................................................................................... 39 6.3 Conditions under which FPIC is Required.......................................................................................... 41 7 CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE.............................................................. 42 7.1 Disclosure of the VGPF ...................................................................................................................... 42 7.2 Stakeholder Engagement during Implementation ............................................................................... 42 7.2.1 Stakeholder Identification ............................................................................................................ 42 7.2.2 Stakeholder Consultation Approach ............................................................................................ 43 7.2.3 Stakeholder Engagement during Design and Implementation ..................................................... 45 7.3.4 Strategies for Inclusion of Women and Youth in VG .................................................................. 47 8 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................................ 49 World Bank Grievance Redress Service ................................................................................................... 52 9. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF VGPF ................................ 53 9.1 Institutional arrangements of DTP ...................................................................................................... 53 9.2 Roles of stakeholders during implementation of VGF and preparation of VG Plan .......................... 53 9.2.1Village and Ward levels ................................................................................................................ 53 9.2.2 PIU and LGAs Level ....................................................................................................................... 53 10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................................................ 55 11. BUDGET REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VGPF ....................................... 55 12. ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................ 56 3 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1: DT Project Implementation Location for Component 1 .............................................................. 17 Figure 2: The program Grievance Redress Mechanism flow chart ............................................................. 51 Figure 3: The proposed project Grievance Redress Mechanism flow chart for GBV Survivors ................ 52 Table 1: Digital Tanzania Project Implementation Arrangements.............................................................. 15 Table 2: DT Project Impacts on Vulnerable Groups ................................................................................... 22 Table 3: FPIC Process for Vulnerable Groups ............................................................................................ 37 Table 4: VGs Stakeholders Engagement Process Matrix............................................................................ 42 Table 5: VGs Consultation Matrix .............................................................................................................. 47 Table 6: Stakeholders Consulted on VGPF and Concerns Raised .............................................................. 58 4 List of Acronyms CBOs Community Based Organizations CERC Contingency Emergence Response Component CMC Community Management Committees CSOs Civil Society Organizations DC District Council DPs Development Partners DTP Digital Tanzania Program ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESS Environmental and Social Standard FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent GBV Gender Based Violence GoT Government of Tanzania GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HIV/AIDS Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HQ Head Quarter IAs Implementing Agencies IDA International Development Association LGAs Local Government Authorities MoHCDGEC Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children MCIT Ministry of Communication and Information Technology MoWTC Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication NGOs Non-Governmental Organization 5 OHS Occupational Health and Safety PMU Procurement Management Unit PO-RALG President’s Office Regional Administration and Local Government POPSMGG President’s Office Public Service management and Good Governance PMT Project Management Team PSC Project Steering Committee PSVGP Project Specific Vulnerable Groups Plan RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCIP-TZ Regional Communications Infrastructure Program -Tanzania SA Social Assessment SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SEP Stakeholders Engagement Plan VGP Vulnerable Group Plan VGPF Vulnerable Group Planning Framework VGs Vulnerable Groups WB World Bank 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E1. The Government of Tanzania is currently preparing the DTP, in collaboration with the World Bank through its Ministry of Communication and information Technology-MCIT in collaboration with President’s Office Public Service Management and Good Governance. The Digital Tanzania Project - DTP intends to increase access to high quality internet services for government and citizens, in selected areas, and to improve the government's capacity to deliver digital public services. The Digital Tanzania Program has five (5) components: Component 1: Digital ecosystem Component2: Digital Connectivity Component 3: Digital Platform and Services. Component 4: Project Management This VGPF is complimented by the following instruments:  Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)  Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)  Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP)  Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) E2. The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT) and President’ Office Public Service management and Good Governance (POPSMGG) have prepared the Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) for the Digital Tanzania Project (DTP). The objective of this VGPF is to provide guidance on the preparation of the Vulnerable Groups Plans (VGPs) for the DTP’s sub-projects. Nonetheless, the VGPF serves as a practical tool to ensure that sub-projects within the DTP fully respect the dignity, human rights, economies and cultures of vulnerable groups during sub-project design and implementation. It also aims at improving benefits to the VGs where DTP sub-projects will be implemented in their areas. The VGPF, details on agreed principles, policies, guidelines and procedures to be integrated into DTP sub-projects’ implementation and assists in the achievement of the compliance with applicable National legislations relating to VGs and World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework. Vulnerable Groups referred to in the VGPF have the following characteristics as defined in ESS7:  Self-identification as members of a distinct social and cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; and  Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats, ancestral territories or areas of seasonal use or occupation, as well as to the natural resources in those areas; and  Customary cultural, economic or social or political institutions that are distinct or separate from those of the mainstream society or culture; and  A distinct language or dialect, which is often different from the official language of the country or region in which they reside. According to ESS7 within Tanzania Vulnerable Groups (VG) include pastoralist and hunter gatherer communities, including the Hadzabe, Akie, Sandawe Maasai and Barabaig. This framework is prepared to guide the implementation of the DTP. These groups are mainly found in the North of Tanzania. E3. Responsibilities in the implementation of VGPF: MCIT will be responsible for overall planning and 7 management of the VGs Plans. MCIT will recruit one (1) Social Specialist who will be responsible for social development and risk management including screening for VGs in sub-projects and preparation of VGPs in line with this VGPF. The organizations contracted to deliver DTP sub-projects will work under the supervision and guidance of the Social Safeguard team from DTP Project Implementation Unit (PIU). E4. Policy framework supporting Vulnerable Groups: Notably, the Government of Tanzania GoT, has no specialized policy or legislation in favour of VGs. Nonetheless, despite having voted in favour for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples way back in 2007, it has not prepared any policy or legislation to specifically favour them. The implementation of the DTP will benefit not only from a diversity of national policies and legislations that reflect on the interests of the indigenous people as described below but also from the backing offered by the new ESS 7. The VGPF has been prepared in line with the following national policies and legislations and the international best practice policies:  The National Land Policy of 1995;  The National Human Settlement Policy of 2000;  The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997;  The National Gender Policy of 2002;  Law of the Child Act No 21 of 20th November 2009;  The National Policy on HIV/AIDS of 2001;  The Land Act No 4 and 5 of 1999;  The National Climate Change Strategy of 2012;  The National Environmental Policy of 1997;  Environmental Management Act 2004 Section 7 (1);  The Cultural Heritage Policy of 2008;  The World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework. E5. The preparation of the Vulnerable Groups Plan will be done in the following manner as detailed in the DTP’s VGPF:  Screening for Presence of VGs;  Conducting of social assessment;  Impact identification and determination of mitigation measures;  Preparation of Vulnerable Groups Plan;  Capacity Building;  Bank Decision on Project Investments. The sub-project VGPs will be developed to reflect the social-cultural activities, geographical location and livelihood activities of the respective community as well as the risks and impact of the project to the VGs. Specific elements of the sub-project’s VGP are: aspirations, needs, and preferred options of the affected vulnerable groups; local social organization, beliefs, ancestral territory, and resource use patterns among the affected vulnerable groups that relate to the project; potential positive and negative impacts and risks on vulnerable groups; measures to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts and risks; the requirements for Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) where relevant; measures to ensure project benefits will accrue to vulnerable groups; the possibility of involving local CBOs and NGOs representing VGs; specific requirements related to stakeholder engagement and the GRM for VGs; budget allocation; and monitoring. All the VGPs that will be prepared under the Project will include the following contents, as needed:  A summary of the legal and institutional framework applicable to VGs.  Baseline information on the demographic, social, cultural, and political characteristics of the affected 8 VGs communities, the land and territories that they have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, and the natural resources on which they depend as it relates to the project.  A summary of the social assessment.  A summary of results of the stakeholder consultation with the affected VGs that was carried out during project preparation.  A framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs during sub- project implementation and any proof of the same once achieved (as required).  An action plan of measures to ensure that the VGs receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate, including, if necessary, measures to enhance the capacity of the project implementing agencies.  When potential adverse effects on VGs are identified, appropriate action plans of measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for these adverse effects drawing on the information presented in the Social Assessment.  The cost estimates and financing plan for the VGP; each project will bear full cost of assisting and rehabilitating VGs.  Accessible procedures appropriate to the project to address grievances by the affected VGs arising from project implementation. When designing the grievance procedures, the government takes into account the availability of judicial recourse and customary dispute settlement mechanisms among the VGs’.  Mechanisms and benchmarks appropriate to the project for monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the implementation of the VGP. The monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should include arrangements for the free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs. E6. Stakeholder Engagement during Project Design and Implementation: Participation of VGs in selection, design and implementation of the project components, will largely determine the extent of achievement of VGPF objectives. To ensure that benefits are realized and where adverse impacts are likely, the MCIT and POPSMGG team will undertake prior and informed consultations with the likely affected VGs and those who work with and/or are knowledgeable of VGs’ development issues and concerns. The primary objectives would be to examine the following:  To seek their inputs/feedback on how to maximize benefits, accessibility and how to avoid or minimize the potential adverse impacts associated with the project;  Identify culturally appropriate impact mitigation measures; and  Assess and adopt education opportunities, which the SA could promote to complement the measures required to mitigate the adverse impacts. The VGs communication strategy will:  Facilitate participation of VGs with adequate gender and generational representation; Youth, customary/traditional VG organizations; community elders, VC leaders; and CSOs, CBOs and Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) on VGs development issues and concerns.  Provide them with relevant information about the project components, including that on potential adverse impacts, organize and conduct the consultations in manners to ensure free expression of their views and preferences.  Document details of all consultation meetings, with VGs perceptions of the proposed project and the associated impacts, especially the adverse ones and any inputs/feedbacks given by VGs; and an account of the community support or consent by VGs. E7. Consultations on the VGPF: The VGPF has also been informed by the stakeholder engagement undertaken during project preparation., Consultations were held with Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) representing the interests of VGs culminating in a National dialogue held in Dar es 9 salaam on February 10,2021. The outcomes of the consultation have been included in the VGPF and will guide sub-project design, targeting and risk management. VGs who may be affected by specific sub-projects will be consulted during the preparation of the VGPs. E8. Grievance Redress Mechanism: Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for this VGPF will follow that of DTP spelt in the Stakeholders Engagement Plan (SEP). To prepare GRMs that take cognizance of local knowledge, practices and norms for the sub-projects under the DTP, MCIT/ POPSMGG will through consultations with the VGs aim to understand and agree with the VGs:  Available conflict resolution mechanisms within the communities;  The norms, practices and process of conflict resolution in the VG communities;  Focal point persons in conflict management in the VG communities;  Process of integration of local conflict resolution mechanism to suit project implementation while respecting local values and processes of conflict resolution;  On a GRM prepared following the above process and socialize it with the VG community leadership, VG community members, Village administration and other stakeholders in sub- project areas. Specific provisions will be included for complaints related to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) that could be derived from the project to ensure the survivor’s confidentiality and rights. To properly address GBV risks, the GRM needs to be in place prior to contractors mobilizing. E9. Monitoring and Evaluation  Implementation of this VGPF and VGPs will be supervised and monitored by the PIU and the findings recorded in progress reports provided to the World Bank;  The PIU will verify the collection of VG’s baseline information; and  A third-part monitoring consultant to be engaged by the PIU to carry out monitoring and supervision of VGPs implementation 10 1. INTRODUCTION This document presents the Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) for the Digital Tanzania Project. The objective of this VGPF is to provide guidance on the preparation of the Vulnerable Groups Plan (VGP) for the Digital Tanzania Project (DTP). Nonetheless, the VGPF serves as a practical tool to ensure that individual projects within the Digital Tanzania Project fully respect the dignity, human rights, economies and cultures of vulnerable groups, which includes: the Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities. The VGPF, details on agreed principles, policies, guidelines and procedures to be integrated into DTP’s individual projects’ implementation and assists in the achievement of the compliance with applicable National legislations relating to vulnerable groups persons and the relevant World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standard relating to the VGs (ESS7). Nonetheless, the VGPF aims at empowering the VGs whereas the empowerment should reflect their needs established by the project’s proponent through a thoroughly need assessment done through tailor-made and demand-driven public engagements approach as stipulated in ESS 10 and ESS 7. The Executive Summary will be translated into Swahili language and into Local language once the Specific VGs identified. 1.1 Environmental and Social Framework The Project will use the new Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) applying the 9 relevant standards out of the 10 Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs). The Environmental and Social Standards (ESS’s) that apply to Project include: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts (ESS1); Labor and Working Conditions (ESS2); Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management (ESS3); Community Health and Safety (ESS4); Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement (ESS5); Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources (ESS6); Sub Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities (ESS7); Cultural Heritage (ESS8), and Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure (ESS10). Financial Intermediaries (ESS9) is not relevant to this Project. This VGPF is prepared to address the requirements of ESS7. 1.2 Justification for a VGPF A Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) is developed when a proposed project design is not yet finalized and it is impossible to identify all of the impacts, as is required to prepare a Vulnerable Groups Plan (VGP). According to ESS7 within Tanzania Vulnerable Groups (VG) include pastoralist and hunter gatherer communities, including the Hadzabe, Akie, Sandawe Maasai and Barabaig. This framework is prepared to guide the implementation of the DTP. These groups are mainly found in the North of Tanzania. The DTP will be implemented in Tanzania. However, the specific sites and physical location of the individual projects that will form part of the DTP once it has been rolled out through all the country are not known and as such, the details of activities and impacts are not specifically known. Thus, the VGPF, entails a screening process to determine whether the VGs are presented in or have a collective attachment to the project area; framework for consultation and participation where the project affects (both positively and negatively) the VGs, mechanism for managing impacts by developing appropriate mitigation/rehabilitation measures; mechanisms for soliciting input to improve project design so that it contributes to VG development; and a framework for monitoring such measures during the implementation. Additionally, the VGPF 11 spells out and summarizes the institutional arrangements for the implementation of mitigation measures, the monitoring arrangements, and capacity building needs. During project preparation, it has been identified that project investments or components under DTP will be undertaken in areas where vulnerable groups are present or have collective attachment to land in the project area. To qualify for funding from the Bank and following best practice documented in the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards notably ESS7 (Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities) and ESS10 (Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure), a Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) has been prepared to ensure that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and culture of vulnerable groups and that the DTP sub-projects have community support or consent from the affected vulnerable groups, where relevant. For projects where vulnerable groups (VGs) are likely to be present in, or have collective attachment to the project area, but their presence or collective attachment cannot be determined until the sub- projects or investments are identified, the borrower (in this case the GoT through the MCIT) prepares a Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF). DTP will integrate the VGPF requirements into the project design of sub-projects in areas where vulnerable groups are present or have collective attachment to. A key focus of the VGPF and the subsequent VGPs will be to propose an action plan for such groups to benefit from the project. The VGPF outlines the processes and principles of screening to determine if a proposed activity has impacts – positive or negative - on vulnerable communities. This VGPF sets out the procedures and processes for the preparation of a VGP, including the social screening and assessment process; development of mitigation measures; requirements for Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC); stakeholder engagement and disclosure procedures; and a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). A detailed VGP will be prepared before implementing Project components and screening conducted to determine the presence of Vulnerable Groups (VGs) or attachment to the Project area. The VGP for projects will be prepared through a participatory, flexible and pragmatic process using participatory planning based on the findings of stakeholder engagement conducted. 1.3 Methodology for preparation of the VGPF and Consultation The process followed in the preparation of this VGPF consisted of: a) Collection of baseline data on the VGs in Tanzania including lifestyle, livelihood, history, etc; b) Identification of potential positive and negative impacts of the proposed project on the VGs; c) Approach for developing mitigation to address impacts identified and ensuring access to benefits. to inform development of subsequent VGPs; d) Formulation of monitoring and evaluation plan; e) Consultations with VG representive Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs); and f) Preparation of the Final VGPF factoring in outcomes of the consultation process. The process involved two key activities – detailed literature review and consultations with the VGs as described below Review of existing literature: A review was undertaken of existing baseline information and literature to gain an understanding 12 of the VGs. Among the documents that were reviewed in order to familiarize and understand VGs in relation to the project were: a) World Bank’s ESS7 -Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities; b) DTP Project Concept Note (PCN); and c) The Constitution of the United Republic Tanzania. Consultations on the VGPF: Consultations have been done with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) representing the interests of VGs at National level on the February 10,2021. Outcomes of the consultations are presented in Annex I. The consultations with NGOs were organized as follows: a) Webinar invitation to stakeholders were be sent by emails and phone calls were made to the identified stakeholders. Also, the invitation was publicly announced on the MCITs website. The stakeholders who were planning to participate in the consultation forum confirmed their participation; b) MCIT made follow-ups through telephone calls and emails and documented which institutions have confirmed or declined attendance to the consultations, this information was recorded in datasheets; c) Consultations were conducted and documented on the February 10, 2021; d) The consultations included the comprehensive presentation of the TDFP and an overview of the Environmental and Social Risk Management documents to guide risk management and the VGPF; Outcomes of the consultations were used to inform how to improve access to benefits to the vulnerable groups during preparation of VGPs and also in the preparation of the Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF). Meaningful and Informed Consultation During Implementation VGs who may be affected by specific sub- projects will be consulted during the preparation of the VGPs. VG will be informed and consulted in preparing the VGPs. Their participation in planning will enable them to benefit from the project and protect them from potential adverse impacts. The VGP will be prepared in consultation and in a socially acceptable manner with affected VG, before project implementation. In this process the following will be considered: a. Special attention will be given to the concerns of local tradition communities, women, youth, and children and their access to development opportunities and benefits; and b. Establishing an appropriate gender and inter-generationally inclusive framework that provides opportunities for consultation at each stage of project preparation and implementation among the affected VG, if any, and other local civil society organizations (CSOs) identified by the affected VG’ communities; c. Providing the affected VG with all relevant information about the project (including an 13 assessment of potential adverse effects of the project on the affected VG’ communities) in a socially appropriate manner at each stage of project preparation and implementation. d. Involvement of VG in problem identification and design of solutions should be ensured through the entire project cycle interventions. In order to gain trust for smooth implementation of the DTP project, involvement of the VG where they are present, the Ministry will use different engagement approaches. The engagement approaches will include Meeting with Existing Formal Government Systems including Village and traditional Leaders to discuss the project and to understand the local context and structures. Sensitization of the Communities, Use of Stakeholders Working with VG and Monitoring of Inclusion of VG where Social Specialists will provide regular updates to the Project team on their activities, the level of engagement with the VG, the outcomes of the engagement and any issues arising. The project teams and CSOs will jointly monitor the participation of vulnerable groups in the stakeholder engagement process to ensure that they remain engaged. Early identification of any exclusion or lack of participation in the process will be essential to ensure project activities does not advance without their inputs. With regard to institutional, policy and legal frameworks, the Constitution of the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977 recognizes the socio-economic and cultural rights of all citizens as stipulated in Article 8(2), 9 and 29. It identifies VG as being minority communities who have been marginalized through historical processes and therefore, their concerns should be heard and protected. It prohibits alienation of marginalized groups by virtue of their relatively small population or any other reason, has been unable to fully participate in the socio-economic life in the Country. Thus, the need to recognize communities that have preserved their unique culture is essential as per World Bank ESS7. 14 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DIGITAL TANZANIA PROJECT 2.1 Background to the Digital Tanzania Project The Government has been undertaking efforts to finance the ICT initiatives as an enabler to other sectors through both domestic and external financing in collaboration with development partners. Further, the National Development Vision 2025 set a direction for the country to be a medium income nation. The Vision clearly states that by 2025 the country needs to have a well-educated and learned society in terms of quantity and quality education, skills and knowledge at all levels of education. In order to implement the Vision, the country prepared a Long-Term Perspective Plan (LTPP, 2011/12-2025/26 which emphasizes accelerating the growth momentum towards Vision 2025 targets. Currently, Tanzania is implementing the second Five Year Development Plan (FYDP II 2016/17-2020/21) which has the theme of “Nurturing Industrialization for Economic Transformation and Human Development�. This industrialization era needs a high level of science, technology and innovation with specific emphasis on advanced and modern ICT technologies as enabling tool to reach the intended goals. The implementation of national policies and strategies has improved the ICT landscape such as mobile network population coverage that has reached 94 percent with a mobile subscription base of 47,869,232 while the Internet users has reached 25,794,560 as of December 2019. Further, the Government has deployed various systems to enhance service delivery in various sectors that include health, education, mining, agriculture, lands, business etc. Despite the above-mentioned achievements, the ICT landscape is facing challenges that include but not limited to low utilization of emerging technologies, inadequacy of skilled and competent human resources, weak research & development (R&D) and low adoption of Information Technology Enabled Services to accelerate Industrialization agenda. Further, the development of communication infrastructure still faces challenges in broadband penetration as most citizens still cannot access broadband services and still costs are high for provision of rural telecommunication. This in turn calls for the extension of communication services (coverage) in rural and urban underserved areas; build human resource capacity to cope with 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) and improve the enabling environment; as well as supportive ICT Infrastructure. The challenges need collaborative efforts with national, regional and International Partners for quick realization of the contribution of ICT for socio-economic development. In this regard, the DTP is geared at accelerating digital economy towards industrialization by supporting implementation of National Five-Year Development Plan. This will further enhance Government efforts towards achieving Knowledge based society for socio- economic development. 2.2 Description of the Digital Tanzania Project Components The Digital Tanzania Project contributes to three core enablers of digital development: (i) Digital Ecosystem: strengthening the laws, policies, regulations, institutional and human capacity needed to promote ICT infrastructure investment, market competitiveness, digital engagement, job creation, and innovation; (ii) Digital Connectivity: ensuring access to affordable, high quality internet services for all citizens, including in rural areas, and for critical government institutions; and (iii) Digital Platforms and Services: building the technical capacity, skills, institutions, and local digital infrastructure for the Government to deliver services to citizens and conduct its own business digitally. 15 Component 1: Digital Ecosystem The aim of this component is to make Tanzania a more attractive and competitive place for digital investment and innovation, ensuring that the benefits of digital technology are reaching all citizens and helping lay the groundwork for growth of the digital economy. This will be accomplished by strengthening the many interrelated elements that characterize a thriving digital ecosystem —helping the Government in drafting forward-looking laws, regulations and policies; building digital skills and capacity of Government institutions and youth; prioritizing gender inclusivity, developing a critical mass of innovators, entrepreneurs, and support services; developing a robust local ICT industry that is founded on private investment and is able to deliver e-Commerce services, and working toward closing the digital divide—ensuring that all citizens and businesses benefit from digital development in the long term, especially the poor, women, the elderly and rural areas. These goals will be supported through two subcomponents: 1. Digital Enabling Environment a. Establishment of a National Center for ICT Professional Development and Innovation The objective of this activity is to develop a national center for ICT professional development and a series of four “soft centers�, or tech hubs for youth, entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in five zones of the country, to promote local innovation in the country. The implementation of this activity will be carried out in collaboration with higher learning institutions, vocational training institutions and the industry, as well as with the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) and the Council for Science and Technology (COSTECH). This subcomponent will require close collaboration with the private sector to assure that newly trained ICT professionals are ready to enter the workforce and have the qualifications and soft skills demanded by private sector companies, including cybersecurity awareness and skills. The project will specifically track the involvement of women in benefitting from the training provided and promoting internships for young women under the Government-funded program for youth employment. Direct collaboration with the private sector will be sought, including by way of specific on-the-job training programs or internships provided by the soft centers. It is planned that a National center would be established at the ICT Commission in Dodoma and four softcentres will be established, to be housed in training institutions or universities. In principle, the softcentres will be located in four zones namely Northern, Southern, Coastal and Western zones. Criteria for selection of the centers, modalities to coordinate and support will be generated and will be defined in the project implementation manual. The softcentres would be assisted in developing cost-recovery mechanisms for the services they offer and will need to establish good relations with private sector clients in order to establish longer term sustainability, once the project funds are fully used. b. Establishment of FabLabs This activity aims to establish three (3) Fabrication Labs (Fab Labs) for the refurbishment of ICT hardware, and updating of software, to enable the reuse and increased lifetime of ICT equipment, and to complement efforts to distribute ICT equipment to educational institutions. This will contribute towards the acquisition of low-cost ICT equipment for learning purposes. In addition, establishing FabLabs will reduce e-waste and build capacity in Tanzania for reusing and prolonging the lifespan of ICT equipment, which is an important future strategy to tackling e-waste. Up to three FabLabs would be established, criteria for selection will be defined in the project operational manual. The FabLabs will need to develop cost recovery mechanisms and to seek private sector support to ensure longer-term viability. 16 c. ICT regulatory scan and review Under this activity, the MCIT, in cooperation with the TCRA and in consultation with the licensed operators and with the help of consultants, will conduct a scan of the legal and policy environment in order to identify possible gaps that might be hindering the development of the digital economy in Tanzania, and to review possible responses. This will target broadband implementation and provide recommendations on any new initiatives that may be necessary to create an enabling regulatory, legal and fiscal environment for the Digital Economy. Under this activity, the Ministry will also convene with the TCRA, the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elders and Children, to ensure that gender considerations are integrated into this regulatory scan of the digital economy. The results of this regulatory scan should provide inputs to the implementation of the project as a whole, especially the rural connectivity subcomponent. Activities to be funded under this sub-component will include consultants and the costs associated with stakeholder consultations. 2. Infrastructure to support National ICT Development and e-Commerce a. Enhancing the national addressing and postcode system This is an ongoing activity which will scale up the pilot projects for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), already started and managed by TCRA, which currently covers 66 wards (http://www.address.go.tz/) . This initiative is expected to cover 711 wards from 37 Councils which includes Capital Cities, Strategic areas, Central Business Districts and other high revenue generating areas. The activities under this initiative involves development of digital maps; naming of roads/streets and installation of Signage and house number plates; data collection; enhance/update of the national Address Database; Prepare/review of policies and regulations; ICT works; awareness and capacity building. The NSDI, or digitized map with multiple different layers, will provide a platform on which information can be layered to support key activities such as the national digital ID, and spatial maps for national development. The fieldwork for the mapping would be carried out by government officials working under the guidance of the Ministry (TCRA and Tanzania Post). Ground mapping and photography would be supplemented by commercial firms recruited competitively to assist with digital mapping using remote sensing data from satellites and aerial photography. Activities to be funded would include supply of good, services and coverage of operational costs. b. Development of a national ICT statistical management information system This activity aims to provide complete, accurate and current statistical data for ICT in the country to support policy decisions for national development. This data would be collected, for instance, by carrying out household ICT surveys, building on the survey carried out in 2017 by the WBG in conjunction with the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), with funding from the Digital Development Partnership (DDP)23 will be used by the NBS for national reporting. In addition, it will facilitate investment growth in the ICT sector by providing useful data to potential investors. The funding will be used to support development of electronic management system, establishment of necessary frameworks for enhancing ICT statistics availability and to commission further surveys for key ICT indicators under the guidance of NBS. c. E-Commerce initiatives for Tanzania Post This activity is intended to assist Tanzania Post to catch up with recent technological developments and participate more actively in the delivery of e-Commerce. The initiative will later allow integration with Global e-commerce including the Universal Postal Union’s (UPU) Ecom@Africa initiative. The Initiative seeks to make Tanzania a hub for e-Commerce in the region, and will enhance e-business growth and the participation of citizens in the digital economy. 17 While specific priority activities have been identified, the design of the component is intended to remain flexible, allowing the project to respond to new challenges and opportunities as they arise in this fast-changing sector. There may be a requirement for some additional enabling legislation to promote the development of e-Commerce in Tanzania, and this will be tracked under the regulatory scan in ICT Regulatory Scan and Review Activity. The primary costs to be borne under this sub- component are the use of consultants for the development of the national e-commerce platform, to assess the country’s e-com readiness and a scan of legal and regulatory environment (to complement the scan mentioned above). Component 2. Digital Connectivity This component’s aim is to ensure that all Tanzanians can access high speed broadband connectivity. Widespread, affordable and reliable connectivity is an essential pre-requisite to providing and accessing digital services for socio-economic development. In addition to the measures to boost sector competitiveness and private network investment under Component 1, there is a need for more direct investment to meet the connectivity needs of government and the private sector and also to create incentives for the private sector to close the digital divide in internet service provision between urban and rural populations, under a mobilizing finance for development (MFD) approach. This component will support the Government’s agenda for industrialization and equitable spatial development, ensuring that all Tanzanians, including those in rural areas, have equivalent access to digital services and opportunities. This will be supported through two sub-components. Sub-component 2.1 Enhancement of Government ICT Connectivity This sub-component will support the connection to high-speed broadband of those Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Local Government Authorities (LGAs) and other Government Institutions that are current unconnected, or have only slow speed connections to the Government Network (GovNet). This sub-component will build on the successful connectivity program, initiated under Regional Communications Infrastructure Program -Tanzania RCIP-TZ, under which some 72 MDAs and 77 LGAs were connected to GovNet. This sub-component aims to connect a further 200 institutions including LGAs, Regional Office, Regional Hospitals, District Hospitals; and other MDAs to high-performance internet services. Given that the extension of digital connectivity within the country is paramount, a reliable and robust ICT backbone Infrastructure is a necessity. In view of this, the project will support enhancement of GovNet to provide resilience routes as well as extending coverage of the national backbone to areas needed by telecom operators and other communication service providers for provision of services to citizens and businesses. Furthermore, Digital Tanzania will fund the pre-purchase of bulk internet capacity of at least 1.5 Gbps per location for ten years (i.e., as an “indefeasible right of use� (IRU) contract, sometimes called “dark fiber�). The capacity will be used by MDAs and LGAs to facilitate government service delivery. The pre-purchase of bulk international bandwidth is targeted at priority user groups such as schools, universities, hospitals, e-Government use etc. By supporting these targeted user groups to access cheaper capacity, it will allow them to grow their consumption in line with their actual demand (currently constrained by the prohibitive cost of capacity). This in turn will increase the viability of international infrastructure and in particular increase the usage of submarine cable infrastructure, The pre-purchase of bandwidth would be carried out through competitive tendering for IRU contracts which would be carried out in lots, with one lot covering the provision of international internet bandwidth and other lots covering different regions of the country (for instance, four zones, to be awarded in phases). The preferred technology to connect the government institutions would be fiber optic cable, but where this is not immediately available, temporary solutions using microwave, satellite or 4G mobile broadband could be considered. The bandwidth contracts on offer from 18 government should provide an incentive for operators to upgrade their networks to fiber, over time. Companies winning the contracts funded by IDA would be required to apply relevant WBG environmental and social framework standards for all construction works carried out to extend their networks in the zones served under the project. Sub-component 2.2 Rural Broadband for Development This sub-component will build on the successful rural connectivity program supported under RCIP- TZ by extending data-enabled (4G or higher) network coverage to the three million people currently living in areas of the country that are currently unserved by any mobile cellular signal and will upgrade existing 2G networks to 4G and above. This will encourage participation in digital economy development and will help those rural areas that have previously been unable to participate in online learning or remote meetings to do so. This program will be conducted in collaboration with the Universal Communication Service Access Fund (UCSAF) and will draw upon lessons learned from the RCIP-TZ program, for instance to refine the delivery mechanisms for incentives to encourage private sector investment in rural areas by using network roaming. The activity will also make use of “TV white spaces� spectrum for enhancing broadband coverage in the underserved areas. This will require a consultant study to provide a thorough spectrum analysis to visualize the scope for using TV white spaces spectrum in rural areas and thus to provide policy and regulatory guidance on the use of this spectrum. The mechanism proposed to be used in this intervention is a “reverse auction subsidy�, similar to the one used under RCIP-TZ, and as used in multiple WB programs, such as Niger Smart Villages (P167543) and Digital Malawi (P160533). UCSAF would designate geographical zones (in clusters, or lots) where interested bidders (such as mobile operators, cell tower companies, high-altitude platform services etc.) would be invited to bid competitively for the lowest viable subsidy to capital expenditure that would be required for them to provide, or upgrade, service in the designated zones. Thus, IDA funding would be used to leverage funds from UCSAF (using funds contributed to the Universal Service Fund) and from the private sector, under a mobilizing funds for development (MFD) approach. Under the RCIP-TZ program, an IDA contribution of US$30m leveraged private sector investment of around US$70m and brought some 2.5 million people under mobile signal coverage for the first time. This would be a significant contribution to mobilizing finance for development (MFD) from the project, but these sums are not included in the data sheet because the sum will only be known once the bidding process is completed and because there is no commitment, nor requirement, from the private sector to contribute a specific amount. A further challenge to extending rural broadband is the fact that mobile phone use is generally in advance of rural electrification. Under RCIP-TZ, solar power arrays were used, with battery storage. A similar approach will be used, taking advantage of the huge advances in solar power technology that have taken place in the last decade, and collaborating closely with the IFC programs for Scaling Solar and Lighting Africa. Activities to be funded under this sub-component includes a) a study on the scope for using TV White Spaces spectrum; b) a study to define the modality to be used for the reverse subsidy auctions, and to define a program operational manual to govern awards, and to monitor the implementation of awards; c) a series of reverse subsidy auctions, open to competitive bidding, in areas designated by UCSAF. Winning bidders benefitting from capital expenditure subsidies under the project would be obliged to abide by relevant WB safeguards standards in any civil works carried out (e.g., construction of cell towers). 19 Component 3. Digital Platforms and Services Component 3 seeks to enhance the core infrastructure and capacity necessary to support digital public service delivery, enhance the efficiency of the Government’s internal operations and to rollout priority digital productivity platforms and public services. Progress has been made in recent years in developing digital services and elements of a shared services platform (mobile services portal, SMS gateway, government e-payment gateway, etc.), strengthening of the e-Government Authority (eGA) and deployment of digital productivity tools for government (first phase of e-Office, introduction of one-stop government digital service delivery centers (Huduma Centers), initial digitalization of records, revenue management, etc.). However, various MDAs and LGAs still operate stand-alone IT systems and infrastructure, spending considerable financial and human resources to develop, implement, and operate each separate digital service. This creates significant financial, operational and security liabilities for institutions ill-suited to cope with them. In addition, the Government lacks sufficient human resources to meet increasing IT demands, and adequate policies, practices and an effective IT infrastructure to deploy high quality digital services in a fast, secure, reliable and cost- effective manner, under a “whole-of-government� approach. ICT skills development under this sub- component is intended to service government institutions and industrial sectors that are in need of high skills for operations underway in the country. Increased access to affordable, high-quality connectivity will create an opportunity to enhance the way the government conducts its business and provides services to citizens using digital technologies. Offering public services through mobile and online platforms can create significant benefits to citizens who might otherwise need to travel long distances and spend significant time and resources to access those services. This is particularly important for Tanzania’s rural residents who may lack access to public transport and quality roads but are much more likely to have access to a mobile phone. Likewise, digital platforms offer opportunities to deliver new categories of services and transactions such as digital cash transfers under social protection or payroll schemes, lower administrative and logistical barriers to service delivery, and reduce scope for corruption. This Component will include the following three sub-components. Sub-component 3.1 Digital Services and Productivity Platforms a. One Stop Service Centers (Huduma Jamii Centres) This activity will seek to improve existing processes and procedures for offering government services to citizens and small businesses by establishing 31 One Stop Service Centers (OSSC, or Huduma Jamii in Swahili), of which up to 10 will be implemented in the first two years of the project (8 on the mainland and 2 in Zanzibar).These centers will be designed for citizens to access public services in a simple, speedy and seamless manner in one location which may be operated, for instance by a post office, a community association or a local entrepreneur. A feasibility study was completed in November 2020, with funding from the African Development Bank, and provided recommendations for the implementation of the activity and the location of the OSSCs. The study notes that, currently, to establish a business, an entrepreneur would need to visit five separate parts of Government (BRELA, TRA, relevant ministry and LGA and MITI), and visit a bank to make payments at each stage. The aim would be to facilitate the process through a single visit to a single government portal, facilitated by an OSSC. The OSSC will provide both informational and transactional services. By the end of the project, it is planned that up to 32 Government services will be provided. The feasibility study proposes to use a processing fee (less than 5 per cent of the cost of a given service) as a means of financing the OSSC. While these services could also be accessed from a website, the OSSC would provide an intermediary service to assist citizens in navigating the relevant steps, would accept payments and provide printing and additional services. 20 In line with the draft budget presented in the feasibility study, the activities to be funded under this activity will include consultant fees, in particular for business process improvement. Other activities to be funded include Supply of ICT goods and services, and rehabilitation of the existing buildings (for instance, internal wiring and repartitioning of rooms). Training of operational staff will also be required, notably for cybersecurity awareness and good practice. The project will work with existing government buildings and any civil works conducted will be subject to World Bank environmental and social safeguards standards. b. Digital Economy This activity, under the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoFP), and the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), a semi-autonomous body under the MoFP), will focus on enhancement of financial/payment systems by strengthening regulations pertaining to digital financial transactions, in collaboration with the Bank of Tanzania (BoT), and enhancing the National Payment System (NPS). By establishing skills and systems that better serve the digital economy, this activity should contribute to increasing revenue for the Government. This activity will require consultant services and purchase of ICT goods and services, including software development and cybersecurity consultancy. Sub-component 3.2 Data Center Infrastructure This activity aims to enhance the National Data Centre Infrastructure by acquiring storage, networking equipment, and computing resources for the government shared platform. It also seeks to enable cost effective sharing of resources, increasing the reliability of electronic services offered by government and enhancing the storage of government data as well as creating efficiency in sharing and accessing government applications through shared cloud infrastructure. This activity will require consultant services, purchase of ICT goods and services and additional training, notably on cybersecurity awareness and good practice, with a focus on good practice on energy efficiency and use of renewable energy. For highly sensitive government data and confidential private data, local data storage hosting on a government cloud may be required. For this purpose, an existing government data center, recently constructed, will be used and enhanced with additional security and data storage capacity. Sub-component 3.3 Digital Literacy and Capacity-Building a. Government ICT cadre training program This activity seeks to build the capacity of the ICT professionals within Government for managing and supporting existing and future government ICT systems (supply side) based on an ICT skills gap assessment conducted in all Ministries in 2018. The project foresees the training of specialized ICT skills for up to 500 ICT experts from the Ministries and will also include longer courses (master’s degrees) at top-level universities. Synergies will be sought with the National Center for ICT Professional development supported under subcomponent 1.1 to make sure the appropriate programs are developed to support ICT professionals in the public sector or with interest in government jobs. Civil servants benefitting from training overseas will be required to have worked already for the government for several years and to sign contracts to stay within government for a certain minimum length of time, or to commit to repaying part of the costs of the training. The selection framework will be prepared and included in the Project Implementation Manual (PIM). This is intended to reduce the level of brain drain from government. Training for e-service operation will be provided in the specific activities of the sub-project. b. Citizen Digital Literacy An awareness program intended to raise the level of utilization of online government services will run for the entire duration of the Digital Tanzania project. It will include, but not be limited to, social 21 media, TV and radio programming to promote e-Government services; TV adverts and short video clips; print media campaign; dissemination of publicity materials; workshops and seminars (for media and the public). Other activities that will be supported are digital forums, conferences, exhibitions and different digital competitions among youth in order to strengthen digital involvement and contribution in innovations and creativity. The activity intends to increase digital literacy in terms of increased awareness and usage of digital services by citizens, with specific consultations with Government and local stakeholders to ensure that women’s engagement with citizen services are accounted for. Activities to be supported under this sub-component include workshops, consultant services and training. Component 4: Project Management This component will support essential project management functions, covering primarily staff costs and operational costs. The Government, through MCIT and PO-PSMGG, will establish a single project implementation unit (PIU) which will be responsible for supervising operations. The PIU will comprise an overall project coordinator, a digital government services specialist, an ICT technical specialist/technical assistance officer and specialists in procurement and financial management as well as safeguards specialists. It will also include funding for strategic communications, monitoring and evaluation, internal audit, logistics and operational overhead, gender inclusion and diversity. Further to this it will include capacity building for beneficiary agencies, such as UCSAF and eGA, on the preparation of bidding documents and contracts specifically for procurement of ICT, which often includes both goods and services in a single contract. The activities of the PIU will be defined within the project implementation manual (PIM) which has been developed for this project. 2.3. Digital Tanzania Project Beneficiaries The project is intended to benefit all Tanzanians, covering Government, businesses and citizens, through improvement in the affordability, availability and quality of service delivery. However, more specific beneficiaries include the rural population, through the proposed expansion of the rural network (sub-component 2.2), government agencies that will benefit from improved provision of connectivity to support service delivery (2.1) as well as citizens who will have more accessible e- services (sub-component 3.1). Youth will benefit from improved digital skills and literacy (under component 1 and sub-component 3.3b). as well as government employees and citizens in general. Women will be specifically targeted by the programs to increase their participation in the digital economy and digital skills development (3.3). The private sector will benefit both from the expanded training opportunities under component 1 and the competitive bidding opportunities created under component 2 for provision of internet and mobile broadband services. 22 2.4. Institutional and Implementation Arrangements for the DTP 2.4.1 Institutional and implementation arrangements The Institutional and implementation arrangement will involve the Ministry of Communication and Technology (MCIT), President’s Office-Public Service Management and Good Governance (PO-PSMGG), President’s Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoFP), e-Government Authority (eGA), Tanzania Postal Corporation (TPC) and Universal Communication Services Access Fund (UCSAF). Within the above institutional arrangement, the three main components will be carried out over a period of 5 years. MCIT will be responsible for the overall coordination of implementation of the project. The overall implementation structure proposed will be under Project Implementation Unit (PIU). PIU will comprise members from both implementing Ministries (MCIT & PO-PSMGG) for the project execution. The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology through the Steering Committee will be the overseer of the project. 2.4.2 The Steering Committee The project’s Steering Committee will be established whose role will be monitoring and ensuring project is successful implemented through designated implementation arrangement. The SC will be Co-Chaired by the Permanent Secretary Ministry of Communication and Information Technology and Permanent Secretary PO-PSM&GG. Members of the SC will be selected from the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoFP), President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), Heads from the Implementing Agencies- (IAs) and other members who will be invited by virtue of their positions and roles in the project. The SC will meet regularly to discuss and decide on program implementation issues. These meetings will provide a forum for participants to: g) be kept abreast on the progress of overall program implementation; h) discuss common implementation challenges and issues and suggest remedial actions; i) exchange experiences on the execution of similar operations; j) provide support to each other, when and if necessary, in carrying out certain activities; k) make recommendations on the yearly budgets; and l) discuss and review the Quarterly Progress Reports. These regular meetings, will be chaired by the Permanent Secretary- MCIT (Permanent Secretary Communication Sector) and will constitute a useful platform for ensuring good and timely program implementation progress. In the absence of Permanent Secretary-MCIT, the Permanent Secretary – PO-PSMGG shall chair the meetings. The Project Coordinator will be the secretary of the Committee. Specialized technical staff within or outside the implementing institutions might be called to participate in meetings, on an ad hoc basis, when required. 23 2.4.3 Project Coordination 2.4.3.1 MCIT and PO-PSMGG MCIT and PO-PSMGG’s will coordinate the overall project implementation through the Project Implementation Unit set up (PIU). Their overall role is to monitor, coordinate, and manage the project, with appropriate quality assurance measures to ensure Implementing Agencies comply with the Project Implementation Manual (PIM) and agreed schedules under project implementation. A Project Coordinator, reporting to the Director of ICT (DICT) MCIT will coordinate and support the various institutions in the execution of the project. The Director of the Department of ICT - MCIT will interpret correctly the policy and principles of the project in feasible strategies that will help the implementation institutions to properly carry out the project. The Project Coordinator will be assisted by designated staff from MCIT and PO-PSMGG, to form the Project Implementation Unit (PIU). 2.4.3.2 Project Technical Committee (TC) The Project Technical Committee will be formed by the Directors of ICT, Chief Accountants and Directors of Procurement Units from MCIT and PO-PSMGG. Other members will include Director Generals (DGs) of the Implementing Agency (IAs) and will be responsible to monitor the progress of project activities, as part of the project implementation. The TC will supervise the PIU and will be receiving implementation reports from the PIU/Project Coordinator before submitting them to the Project Steering Committee. The TC shall report and provide advice to the SC on the project implementation. The TC shall meet bi-weekly and when need maybe The TC shall be Secretariat of the Steering Committee meetings 2.4.3.3 Project Implementation Unit (PIU). MCIT and PO-PSMGG will establish PIU as agreed during the Project Preparation Missions and meetings. PIU will comprise members from both implementing Ministries (MCIT & PO-PSMGG) for the project execution. Staff from PIU will be seconded from their Ministerial responsibilities so as to ensure timely delivery of the Project activities and deliverance. MCIT and PO-PSMGG will establish single structured PIU which will have the Project Coordinator, Technical Assistance Officer, Finance Management Staff, and Procurement Management Staff from Both Ministries as well as Monitoring and Evaluation Staffs. The Unit will have a Cashiers serving on cash disbursement and distribution. The Unit will be responsible for project coordination, implementation, execution, financial management, procurement management, monitoring and evaluation, quality assurance, diversity inclusion and safeguards compliance. Also, the Unit will be responsible for the project’s governance, transparency and anti-corruption framework. The Unit will be responsible (i) to procure goods, works, non-consultancy and consultancy services necessary for the project and (ii) to establish a special account (Designated Account-DA and Operational Account-OA) for the project. Additionally, the PIU will be responsible for screening and clearing proposals from IAs, in accordance with the eligibility criteria (highlighted in the Project Implement Manual – PIM: Chapter 3; Project 24 Proposal; and The Activity Concept Note) and a simple check-list (Sub-Project Pre-appraisal Checklist – PIM: Chapter 3). Reflecting the objective of improving disbursements and readiness, MCIT and PO-PSMGG (in agreement with the Bank) may reduce or cancel allocations made to an IA if the use of funds is substantially delayed or poorly performing. The responsibility for preparation of Activity Concept Note and supervision is with the IAs. 2.4.3.4 Institutional Technical Teams. This will comprise members from IAs (MCIT, PO-PSM&GG, MOFP, PO-RALG, eGA, UCSAF and other beneficiaries). Members of the team will be appointed by the project owners and the task of the team will be to advice on technical issues and implementation and execution of the project at the Institutional Level. The team will work with PIU to ensure proper execution of Project under their Institution. 2.4.3.5 Implementing Agencies (IAs) A Technical Implementation Team will be formulated within the IAs under the Head of a particular Institution with the role of ensuring activity preparation and implementation, Contract Management and will work closely with the Project PIU to ensure timely delivery of the activity. The PIU will design a mechanism for feedback and reporting for execution of the designated activity. 2.4.3.6 World Bank The Bank will undertake implementation support and supervision missions to review progress of the project activities, as part of the project implementation. Responsibility for the overall project is with the PTT (Project Task Team), while the Sub- project Task Team is responsible for the management and supervision of the IAs activities carried out under the project. At the project level, the Bank’s Project Task Team will support: a) MCIT and PO-PSMGG execution of the project, including clearances for activities managed by PIU; b) MCIT /PO-PSM&GG to ensure that the project is compliant with fiduciary requirements; c) portfolio-wide monitoring and implementation support and supervision missions, d) Capacity assessments, technical guidance, Financial Management, procurement, safeguards, QA/QC, M&E, etc.; e) Technical and quality review of Government deliverables f) Progress reporting to the Bank Project Task Team The responsibility and implementation arrangement for each institution is as follows: 2.4.3.7 Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT) MCIT will be responsible for ensuring proper execution of the project and implementation of: (i) Establishment of National ICT Profession and Innovation Centre; (ii) Establishment of ICT Equipment Refurbishment Centres; (iii) Scanning of ICT Regulatory Environment; 25 (iv) Enhancing the National Addressing and Postcode System; (v) Development of National ICT Statistical Information Management System; (vi) Tanzania Postal e-Commerce Initiatives; (vii) Establishment of Huduma Pamoja Centres (viii) Enhancement of Data Centre Infrastructures (ix) Rural Broadband Connectivity and Rural ICT Development; (x) Execution of Government ICT Cadre Training Programme; and (xi) Executing Citizen Digital Literacy and Feedback Mechanism. 2.4.3.8 President’s Office Public Service Management and Good Governance (PO -PSMGG) The PO-PSMGG in collaboration with MCIT will be responsible for ensuring proper execution of the project and implementation of: (i) GovNet Connectivity; (ii) Enhancing Data Centre Infrastructure; (iii) Execution of Government ICT Cadre Training Programme; and (iv) Executing Citizen Digital Literacy and Feedback Mechanism. 2.4.3.9 Ministry of Finance and Planning The PO-PSMGG in collaboration with MCIT will be responsible for ensuring proper funds disbursement and implementation of Digital Economy project. 2.4.3.10 President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG) The PO-RALG will be responsible for implementation of projects executed at Local Government level. As such, PO-RALG in collaboration with LGAs and eGA will implement GOVNET and will have responsibility to support activities implemented at Local Government level. In addition, PO- RALG will, in collaboration with PO-PSMGG ensure objectives of Huduma Pamoja Centre are achieved. 26 2.4 DTP Location Figure 2-1 below depicts the geographical location of DTP. The scope of the project is National wide covering all areas that have been identified and will be benefiting from the Project. The beneficiaries of the project include all MDAs and private sector who directly or indirectly will benefit from the Project. The project will cover both legal and regulatory improvement/enhancement, infrastructure development and enhancement, Skills and Innovation development, service delivery and economic empowerment through Digital economy and Inclusion. DTP will be implemented nation-wide and the exact project locations are not known at the moment. Below is map of Tanzania. Figure 1: DTP Implementation Location 27 3. BASELINE OF VULNERABLE GROUPS AND RELATED SOCIAL ISSUES Vulnerability can be defined as “the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard�, Disaster and Crisis Management (IFRC 2012). Unquestionably, the concept is comparative and dynamic and most often associated with poverty. Nonetheless, vulnerability might also arise when people are isolated, insecure and unable to defend themselves in the wake of a risk, shock or stress. Hence, vulnerability has got two elements - exposure to the hazard and the ability to cope. 3.1 General Characteristics of Vulnerable Groups Vulnerable Groups have the following characteristics as defined in ESS7: i. Self-identification as members of a distinct social and cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; and ii. Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats, ancestral territories or areas of seasonal use or occupation, as well as to the natural resources in those areas; and iii. Customary cultural, economic or social or political institutions that are distinct or separate from those of the mainstream society or culture; and iv. A distinct language or dialect, which is often different from the official language of the country or region in which they reside. 3.2 Vulnerable Groups in Tanzania The following VGs are present in Tanzania as shown in Table 3-1: 28 Table 3-1 VGs are present in Tanzania COMMUNITY LIVELIHOO & LOCATION ESS7, Paragraphs 8 and 9 D POPULATION1 AKIE Hunter-gatherer Meet all the four criteria: 1) They identify themselves as “Akie� and identified 2,300-2,500  Ngapapa, Napilikunya, Kinua villages in by others as a distinct socio-cultural group; (ii) have a collective attachment to Kiteto District, Manyara region. distinct habitats (They see Napilikunya hamlet and Ngapapa village as the  Kitwai A and Kitwai B (Kitwai Ward) in ‘home’ for all Akie. In other areas, they have an attachment to land for their Simanjiro District, Manyara region cultural and livelihood survival. Push factors included land use pressures due significant influx of other groups into these areas; (iii) have cultural, social,  Msomera (Olmoti) village in Handeni; economic institutions different from those of the mainstream society; (iv) they Gitu, Balang’a and Lenguseru (Mbogoi) speak Akiek (with increasing numbers also speaking Maa due to proximity of villages in Kilindi District, Tanga region Maasai population)  Found in northeastern Tanzania Simanjiro (Manyara region) to Handeni (Tanga region) in the east. BARABAIG North Central Tanzania around the plains Pastoralism/A Meet all the four criteria: 1) They identify themselves as Barabaig (Datooga) 35,000- (Basuto) of Mount Hanang Mulbadaw, gro- having a distinct socio-cultural identity and relationship to their land, 50,000 Basuto Ward, Hanang district, Manyara pastoralism and recognized by others as a distinct social group; 2) have a collective region (west of Tarangire National Park attachment to their pastoral land. Their habitat includes the plains and north of Dodoma). They now around Mount Hanang which includes the Basuto plains; 3) they have combine distinct cultural, social, economic institutions, many are polygamous, pastoralism spiritual systems, facial tattooing using charcoal, dress and adornments, with local ceremonial song and dance customs, coming of age customs, traditional cultivation medicines; 4) They speak their own distinct language of Kiarabaig, a dialect of Datooga HADZABE North-central Tanzania – at the edge of Hunter- Meet all the four criteria: 1) They identify themselves as Hadzabe, with 1200-2,000 the Serengeti plains (in the shadow of gatherer a clear sense of what this means to the community, others also recognize the Ngorongoro Crater), close to the them as a distinct socio-cultural group; 2) they have a collective edge of the Serengeti plains (near attachment to distinct habitats. Their ancestral home is Lake Eyasi Ngorongoro Crater), to Lake Eyasi and Valley. They are dependent on their land for livelihoods, identity, and the ramparts of the Great Rift Valley traditional food (wildlife, wild fruits, tubers, nuts and honey); (iii) have (Central Rift Valley). distinct cultural, social, economic institutions different from the mainstream society, including traditional housing, 1 Population figures are estimates from the district population from the 2012 Census, from field consultations, data from Regional and District Authority. The GoT does not collect data on ethnic identity in its census. Mongo wa Mono and Domanga matrilineal/egalitarian relationships, spiritual beliefs, dress, song and villages in Mbulu District, Manyara dance customs, traditional medicines, traditional conservation region; Kapamba village in Mkalama practices) district; Qangdend village and (iv) the speak Hadzane or Hadza, a very distinct and unique click Southeast Lake Eyasi in Karatu district, language that is not similar to other click languages also in Meatu district in Shinyanga region, and Iramba district in Singida MAASAI2 Four districts of Arusha region: Pastoralism & Meet all the four criteria: 1) They identify themselves as Maasai (or 170,000 -200,000 Monduli, Simanjiro, Kiteto and Small scale their sub-group), and they are recognized by others as a distinct socio- Ngorongoro. They were originally farming cultural group; 2) They are collectively tied to their pastoral lands for found ‘the their identity, culture and livelihoods and have a clear sense of where Maasai steppe� which extends from their lands historically were3) They have distinct have cultural, social, Loliondo on the border with Kenya economic institutions different from the mainstream society, including through the present housing, rituals and customs, forms of dress, song/dance, spiritual districts of Longido, Monduli, systems, traditional medicine, traditional ecological knowledge, Simanjiro to Kiteto. The Baraguyu decision-making, intra-group relationships with neighboring Maasai (Ilparakuyio), communities, and are often polygamous); 4) they speak Maa, a distinct who are a sub-section of the Maasai, language from the mainstream were originally in Handeni district, Tanga region but are also scattered in 9 other districts in the region. SANDAWE Farkwa (Bugenika village) and Hunter- Meet all the four criteria: 40,000-60,000 Kwamtoro Wards; Chemba district, gathering & They speak a distinct click language, kisandawe (closer to the San) Dodoma region farming 2 This is the population estimates for Ngorongoro and Loliondo based on 2012 Population and housing Census by Administrative Areas. The estimated population for Maasai is 800,000 which includes other districts of Arusha i.e. Monduli and Longido. A significant number are also found in Kiteto and Simanjiro districts in Manyara region. The Hadzabe: are a hunter-gatherer population consisting of approximately 1000-1500 individuals who live near Lake Eyasi and Meatu. They speak Hadzabe a click language. As hunter gathers the Hadzabe move within and between traditional areas near Lake Eyasi although they have also utilized land in Yaeda Valley, Mount Oldeani and the Serengeti Plains. The Hadzabe usually live in camps of 20-40 people who will decide where to undertake hunting and gathering based on their knowledge of the land. These camps may break up and reform (with different members) depending on the needs of the people, to resolve conflict or due to illness. The Hadza are broadly egalitarian and therefore do not have a determined hierarchy. While men and elders may receive more respect women are equal. Within the Hadzabe men hunt small animals within their areas, women collect herbs and fruits from the forest, including honey from traditional bee hives to feed their families. Women are also responsible for taking care of the family and building the homes (which belong to them). The most important wild foods in the Hadzabe diet are large and small game, baobab, berries, several types of wild honey, and tubers. The Hadzabe, traditionally own land communally. However, this is changing and some currently own land pieces individually. The Akie: are a hunter-gatherer population consisting of approximately 5000 individuals who live in the Kiteto &Simanjiro District in Manyara Region and also Kilindi district in Tanga region and Kilosa in Morogoro region. They speak the Akie language. Traditionally, the Akie foraged over large areas with their family groups occasionally establishing semi-permanent villages. However, competition for land (both with the Maasai, agriculturalists and hunting concessions) has reduced the amount of land and water available to them resulting in the community becoming more settled. Many Akie now live in more established villages from which will head into the bush for several days or weeks, hunting and gathering honey. As they have become more settled many Akie now also grow maize however harvests of are often small affecting food security. The Akie also trade in honey and dairy products. The Akie have customarily considered their lands communal. However, some individuals and groups are now seeking land titles to protect their rights to traditional lands. The Sandawe: were traditionally hunter gatherers and consist of approximately 40,000 people who speak the tonal Sandawe language. The Sandawe live in isolated scattered homesteads in Dodoma Region. They adopted agriculture practices from their neighbours and grow their staple crops of millet, sorghum and increasingly, maize. Women stay at home taking care of children and cultivating crops while men go for hunting and tend to any animals kept. The Sandawe also have a tradition of mutual cooperation in such things as hoeing and building temporary huts and organising informal parties to hunt. Households, each comprising a nuclear family, are organized into patrilineal exogamous clans that form the basis for autonomous local communities. The Sandawe were forced to settle at the time of the “villagization� policy in Tanzania, at the village of Farkwa and to engage in agriculture, as were the neighboring peoples. The Barbaig: are traditionally pastoralists near Mount Hanang consisting of approximately 35,000-50,000 people and are the largest group amongst the Datoga people. They are organized into familial clans with a common ancestor. Each clan has a clan head who convenes the clan's affairs through a clan council. Social order is maintained through a series of councils or jural moots that have different authorities dealing with community-wide issues, clan matter neighborhood 31 issues, and offences by men against women. Serious offences are dealt with by selected senior elders. The Barabaig traditionally lived by hunting and animal husbandry including goats and sheet but cattle for milk production are central to the lives of the Barbaig. Animals are kept as assets to absorb shocks in case of natural calamities and emerging uncertainties. Climatic changes resulting in drought and competition for their traditional lands have resulted in insufficient pasture and water for livestock. This has forced them to start practicing agriculture by engaging in subsistence farming during the rainy season. The Barbaig grow crops including maize, sorghum, beans and increasingly sunflowers. Traditionally, men usually take care of their animals and women take care of children. In the Barbaig (Datoga) land for homesteads is held under customary private ownership; land is inherited by the father (owners) sons. The result of this inheritance pattern (and a continued growth in population) is that increasingly, smaller farms are being inherited. However, most pasture land and natural resources are considered to be under customary communal ownership. The Maasai: are found in Northern part of Tanzania in Arusha and Manyara Regions. Traditionally the Maasai are hunters and warriors using spears, shields and clubs. Maasai men often have several wives but each woman must build her own house. Boys are expected to shepherd the family’s cattle (which provides their 3 main food sources: meat, milk and blood). Girls help their mothers gather firewood, cook and handle most of the family’s other domestic responsibilities. The Maasai are strongly patriarchal in nature with elder men, sometimes joined by retired elders, deciding most major matters for each Maasai group. A full body of oral law covers many aspects of behavior. Formal legal execution is unknown and ‘osotua’ ‘peace’ which involves a substantial apology. However, the Maasai community communicate with Government through their local leaders who represent them. Among the Maasai, land is a collective asset that defines their identity by distinguishing the extent of their ethnic territory from others and supports livelihoods. Land not transferable nor is it for speculative investment. Land use by Maasai tribes is mainly for pastoralism, that is, the raising and keeping of livestock. This has also changed over the years to include other activities. The majority of the Maasai herd their cattle, where climatic and soil conditions do not favour crop production. In order to make the best use of seasonably variable dry land pasture and the scattered and meagre water resources characteristic of these arid and semi-arid rangelands, they practice transhumance, moving their livestock in a seasonal grazing rotation system between different forage regimes, using a wide range of environmental indicators for assessing rangelands for grazing and settlement suitability. In periods of prolonged drought, the Maasai migrate with their herds in search of water and grazing. . 3.3 Challenges Facing Vulnerable Groups Despite their distinct ways of life and differences, these communities share some common challenges in terms of maintaining their traditional ways of life, access to land and as a result of changes associated with climate change. Such issues include: i. Hunting and gathering and pastoralism as a means of livelihood has been diminishing due to harsh climatic conditions which has resulted in the decline of wild animals for hunting, depletion of natural resources including agricultural land and water. This has resulted in an 32 increase in subsistence farming although this is often characterized by low yield and unreliable rainfall. ii. Government laws prohibit hunting without a license and restrict hunting (and grazing) in national parks which restrict the possibility of hunting as the cost of the licenses is prohibitively expensive for these groups. iii. Their land is being highly encroached by other ethnic groups. As a result, VGs face scarcity of land for practicing their traditional activities, pastoralists or as hunter- gatherers, something which contributes to a shift in their economic activities to small- scale farming or casual labour to survive. iv. Hunter-gatherers have tended to be more isolated from communities and decision making. This is due in part to their lifestyle. In order to address encroachment of land on which VGs depend, the Village Councils have been mandated to establish a land register at the village level to enable people to get customary land ownership. The initiative also facilitates women to possess land legally and plays a role in solving land conflicts in the respective areas. Generally, the availability of social services is minimal in the areas where these communities reside. They usually stay in the peripheral areas and as a result, even if the facilities are available, they need to travel long distance to access those services. Given the nature of villages in VG areas, children have to walk long distances to school, which emphasizes the need for additional schools in their sub-villages. Boarding schools may also help VGs children gain access to education since their parents are moving from one place to another. 3.4 Possible Impacts on the Vulnerable Groups The DTP implementation within Tanzania may affect VGs as there could be issues of physical and economic displacements and other impacts as addressed in the ESSs: ESS 1- Assessment and management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; ESS 2- Labor and Working Conditions; ESS 3 - Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management; ESS 4 - Community Health and Safety; ESS 5 - Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement; ESS 6 - Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources; ESS 7 - Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities and ESS 8 - Cultural Heritage. These will also call for the implementation of the ESS 10 to engage the VGs towards specific mitigation plans of the impacts as stated in Table 2 below. 33 Table 2: DTP Impacts on Vulnerable Groups S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution 1 Access to the Inequitable access to the ICT facilities  Review of Design Plans related to Project MCIT/POPSMGG/ Communication due to distance from available facilities Communication upgrade and establishment of Planning PIU and Information like Communication Towers and Communication centers among the villages. Local Government Systems Information centers especially Data  Location of VGs should be considered during Authority Platforms accessibility which are almost in 2G planning of the DTP activities where sub- (Infrastructure Technology and Lack of Community projects will be located as per the siting criteria Committees), Information centers for easing in the ESMF. Consultants for Information sharing among the  Engagement with VGs over access to ESIA & RAP, Communities. ICT facilities and Platforms to meet their needs. Contractors 2 Support to the Unacceptability and / or inadequate  Encourage and enable involvement of VGs in On-going MCIT/POPSMGG/ project support of the project from the VGs if early planning, implementation and throughout PIU, Consultants for they are not fully involved from the supervision of the project through stakeholder the project ESIA & RAP, project inception. This includes engagement. phases Sub activities consideration of the types ICT services  Inclusion of VGs representatives in Project But focused Contractors to be involved e.g. ICT service delivery Teams where necessary and when a need arise effort during Platforms, as well as their opinions/input and relevant. the into elements such as the safety Digital  Stakeholder engagement in relevant languages preparation of Program. and in a manner that meets their cultural norms projects. and other needs (braille, translations and Interpretations). 3 Access to Conflict may arise over access to natural  Engagement of the VGs on the use of identified On-going but MCIT/POPSMGG/ natural resources needed to construct and natural resources. Focused effort PIU, resources operate the construction of  Agreement on the use/ shared use of such During the Local Government Communication Towers and Fiber cable resources. Preparation of Authority and where necessary construction of ICT  Consultation and agreement on the location of projects. Consultants for facilities particular water sources, the borrow pits, (which in principle should follow ESIA & RAP, ICT location of quarries and land acquisition, the guidelines similar to those of siting and Contractors etc. opening up if mines), use and rehabilitation For water, this is a particular risk in areas following project construction. affected by drought and or climate  If needed identify alternative resources regardless change; the VGs happen to be linked to of the distances and accessibility their land hence poses a risk when land is acquired and transformed into ICT facility usage. 22 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution 4 In-migration The presence of acquiring ROWs for fiber and  Village/Ward Infrastructure On-going but MCIT/POPSM Communication Towers Construction might but Committees to consider risks when focused effort GG/PIU, not expected (Minimal Impact) to contribute to planning where to site ICT facilities. during the Local immigration leading to further conflict over  Provide awareness to VGs community preparation of Government land, access to natural resources and equitable  Enforcement of land act and regulations projects. Authority access to benefits from ICT facilities. (Infrastructure Committees), Consultants for ESIA & RAP, ICT Contractors 5 Siting of Encroachment onto traditional land or cultural  Presence of VGs to be determined as Project MCIT/POPSM Facilities such as sites of VGs resulting in Project delays, conflict part of the screening process. Development GG/PIU, Communication etc. This is Minimal as experience from previous  Early engagements with VGs to identify Local minor camps for projects no Camps where established any existing challenges with location, Government construction their preferences etc. so as to determine Authority if the site is feasible. (Infrastructure  Development of a VGP to address Committees), impacts associated with the presence of Consultants VGs, for ESIA &  Development and implementation of a RAP, enhanced consultation process to Contractors demonstrate if there is support for the sub-project activities in VG areas, 6 Loss of culture VGs may fear that, using a certain ICT facility  Ensuring that VGs are consulted in the Prior to MCIT/POPSM and traditional which they had little or no involvement in during sub-project design; undertaking any GG/PIU, practices its planning and construction and where there are  Provide culturally appropriate training Project Local other people from other groups using the same and information in local languages on components Government facility may erode their pride, culture and the importance of road development where VGs are Authority traditional practices. within their community by using their based. On-going (Infrastructure role models. Ensure that FPIC process is Committees), followed earlier on in the planning and Consultants continuously, through other ICT facility for ESIA & development cycle stages RAP, ICT Contractors 23 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution 7 Increasedrisk of Impacts associated with the presence of an  Provide culturally appropriate training Prior to MCIT/POPSM GBV/SEA relating external male workforce during construction of and information in Kiswahili and other undertaking any GG/PIU, to project a ICT facility may result in increased risk of local languages and include in national Project Local workers/labor GBV/SEA, increased disease transmission for campaigns making use of the strategies components in Government influx, among example HIV/AIDS. In addition, cultural norms in the SEP. districts where Authority project workers in these groups may make reporting incidences  Ensure that GRM allows for VGs are based. (Infrastructure and between of GBV/SEA as well as certain diseases more confidential reporting by VGs and On-going Committees), project workers difficult. access to referral and aftercare services. Consultants and local  Code of Conduct for workers to avoid for ESIA & communities negative interactions should be imposed RAP, ICT and implemented as prescribed in the Contractors LMP.  Training of workers on the code of conduct.  Implement Gender Based Violence education. 8 Community health Potential risk might rise in relation to wages, and  Adhere to the Labor Management Plan Prior to MCIT/POPSM and safety employment opportunities issues. Which might for this project. undertaking any GG/PIU, concerns related to result in increase prevalence of infectious  Provide, preference for employment to Project Local interactions of diseases, cultural impacts due to interaction with local communities and provision of components in Government local workforce other foreign persons. technical training to local people. districts where Authority with local  Awareness to the Contractors, and staff VGs are based. (Infrastructure communities. on OHS On-going Committees),  Implement project GRMs Consultants  As included in the LMP, the project will for ESIA & take necessary measures to RAP, ICT avoid/minimize and mitigate injuries or Contractors incidences associated with construction activities. 24 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution 9 Negative impact There will be limited impact on soil erosion and  Consideration should be given to Prior to MCIT/POPSM such as soil landslide during the construction of cell towers. undertaking the construction works undertaking any GG/PIU, erosion due to The potential impact will be of short duration, during the dry season to minimize risks Project Local construction cell localised in small slightly negative and of low of rainfall and soil erosion components in Government towers significance and probability footprints and is districts where Authority assessed as slightly negative and of low VGs are based. (Infrastructure significance and probability On-going Committees), It is expected to Consultants have minimum or for ESIA & no impact of During the civil works there will be no RAP, ICT traffic associated additional traffic. Contractors with civil works and project / or during project implementation. 10 Positive increase The project will give rise employment  Employment for local communities, as Prior to MCIT/POPSMGG/PI MCIT/POP in employment opportunities during the construction stage outlined in the LMP, bidding documents undertaking any U, G/PIU, during civil works which will result in skills development and and other project documents. Project Local Government Local activities. enhanced income flow in the area.  Non-discriminatory recruitment and components in Authority Governmen employment opportunities for members districts where (Infrastructure Authority of local communities. VGs are based. Committees), (Infrastruct  Follow guidance as outlined in the On-going Consultants for Committee biding documents and the project LMP ESIA & RAP, ICT Consultant and the VGPF in provision of work to Contractors for ESIA VG population. RAP, ICT Contractors 11 Non-inclusion of  Inadequate participation of VG women in  Ensure equal participation of women Prior to MCIT/POPSMG women’s and decision-making processes and therefore and children within VGs during undertaking any G/PIU, children’s needs low acceptance of ICT facilities consultations and in decision-making Project Local (and other VGs)  VG children neglected in decision making this may require specific focus group components in Government due to lack of hence their needs on a ICT facility like discussions with women and children districts where Authority consultation safety (safe way to school) are not met from VGs with facilitators they are VGs are based. (Infrastructure during discussion comfortable talking with in local On-going Committees), of social and languages. Consultants developmental  Continuous awareness-raising of for ESIA & issues women’s and children’s (and other RAP, VGs) rights to land, natural resources Contractors and livelihoods. NGOs, CBOs 25 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution 12 The DTP  Reduced ecosystem services and goods on  To ensure that noise, dust and vibrations Throughout the MCIT/POPSM program’s which the VGs rely on for their daily levels are at minimal levels as per project life GG/PIU, implementation subsistence, for example the hunters and National ‘s regulations and World cycle. Local activities could gatherers could face difficulties as Bank’s Environmental and Social Government impair ecosystem animals’ birds, honey and fruits supply Standards so as to protect the Authority functioning. from their ecosystem may decline due to ecosystems and ensure their ecological (Infrastructure impacts of ICT construction activities balance is To mitigate water pollution Committees), such as noise, increased duct levels and within ecosystem boundaries and at the Consultants vibrations from construction equipment. catchment boundaries relevant for project sites;  To minimize earth movements and sub sequential alluvial deposition so as to protect the biodiversity (fruits trees, trees producing edible roots, flowers) 13 Increased  Exclusion of VGs from the Project  Use of communication mechanisms that Prior to MCIT/POPSMG vulnerability of resulting in lack of access to benefits and will assure their participation in the undertaking any G/PIU, VGs due to potentially greater levels of impacts project including specific meetings with Project Local communication compared to other communities. VGs, NGOs representing their rights components in Government barriers etc. districts where Authority  Use of local leaders from their groups VG are based. (Infrastructure for effective communication On-going Committees),  Development and implementation of a Consultants Vulnerable Groups Plan where VGs are for ESIA & present in the project area. RAP, ICT  Appropriate communication Contractors framework for a project to ensure VGs NGOs, CBOs voices are heard, pending issues resolved and grievances heard.  Use of local languages in meetings with VGs via translators and interpreters if needed.  Access to information in local languages not just Kiswahili where relevant.  Ensuring that VGs community leaders are involved in all discussions especially where these groups have no or limited involvement in Village  Councils. 26 S/N Issues Potential Impacts Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible Person/ Institution 14 Opening up of  The VGs, for example, poor local women  Through proper planning and Throughout the MCIT/POPSM development will be more exposed to more implementation and especially through project cycle GG/PIU corridors by opportunities and engage themselves as Component 3(Digital Platforms and Local DTP laborers’ and hence improvement of their services), MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU to Government Increased economic opportunities to sensitize and assist in breaking women and the youth which may involve participation barriers for the VGs. trading with far away business centers using available Digital Platforms;  Increased Delivery of goods and services Digitally hence increased scope of exchanging Goods;  Improved access to social amenities for example access to school content, e-bus services, e-market and health services by using digital locations, increased socialization/mingling of the VGs with the rest of the community;  Land and properties’ value owned the  VGs along the improved Digital Services will be increased. 15 Loss of land  Loss of land subject to traditional  FPIC consultations; Throughout the MCIT/POPSM ownership or under customary use of  Compensation for land loss as per the project life GG/PIU occupation (including nomadic groups’ provisions in the DTP RPF and in line cycle. use) with agreed principles during  negotiations with the VGs. 16 Construction Increase in the volume of construction related  The ESMP for each of the sub-projects to Throughout the MCIT/POPSM traffic traffic on the local roads increasing risks of have traffic management plans. project life GG/PIU accidents and vehicular traffic related impacts  Sensitization of the VG communities in cycle. as dust local language of traffic related risks and how to ensure that the impacts do not occur;  Provide reporting lines for traffic offences to the local communities hosting sub- projects;  Daily toolbox sessions with drivers on code of conduct and restrictions. 27 4 POLICY FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING VULNERABLE GROUPS Notably, the GoT has no specialized policy or legislation in favour of VGs. Nonetheless, despite having voted in favor for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples way back in 2007, it has not prepared any policy or legislation to specifically favour them. The implementation of the Digital Tanzania Project will benefit not only from a diversity of national policies and legislations that reflect on the interests of the indigenous people as described below but also from the backing offered by the new ESS 7. These national policies and legislations favoring the VGs are described below: i. The National Land Policy of 1995 which advocates for equitable distribution and access to land by all citizens and aims at ensuring that existing rights in land especially customary rights of small holders such as peasants and herdsmen who form the majority of the country’s population are recognized, clarified, and secured by law. Under the policy framework, land is to be put to its most productive use to promote rapid social and economic development and hence provision of livelihood to VGs is guaranteed. Digital Tanzania Project implementation will abide to the policy through all stages of its projects preparation. ii. The National Human Settlement Policy of 2000 whose two among its 14 main objectives of “making available the serviced land for shelter and human settlement development in general to all sections of the community including women, youth, the elderly, disabled and vulnerable communities� and “improving the level of provision of infrastructure and social services for sustainable human settlement development� are of relevance to the DTP. DTP will abide to the policy and ensure that no individual, including the VGs is left without a settlement during and after the implementation of the program. iii. The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997 whose main objective is to promote and ensure a secure land tenure system to encourage optimal use of land resources and facilitate broad-based social and economic development without upsetting or endangering the ecological balance of the environment. The DTP will have to put up tools to protect the land use plan within the implementation projects sites so as to protect the rights of hunters, gatherers, livestock keepers, and specific use endowed to the VGs. iv. The National Gender Policy of 2002 whose main objective is to provide guidelines to ensure gender sensitive plans, programs and strategies in all sectors and institutions are adhered to in favor of the VGs. This enables gender equality-based strategies on poverty eradication through ensuring that both women and men get equal access to existing resources for their development and underscoring the important role played by women in bringing about development within the society. The DTP will have to ensure gender equality and easy availability of resources to the VGs through putting up gender adherence plans within all the projects’ Environmental and Social Management Plans. th v. Law of the Child Act No 21 of 20 November 2009 calls for reforms and consolidation of laws relating to children, stipulates rights of the child and promotes, protects and maintains the welfare of a child in conjunction with international and regional conventions on the rights of the child; provides for affiliation, foster care, adoption and custody of the child; further regulate employment and apprenticeship as it pertains to 28 the child and makes provisions with respect to a child in conflict with law and provides for related matters. vi. The National Policy on HIV/AIDS of 2001whose main goal is to provide guidance for coordination of the national multi-sectoral response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and call for formulation, by all sectors, of appropriate interventions which will be effective in preventing transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, protecting and supporting the poverty stricken VGs through mitigation of the social and economic impact of HIV/AIDS during the DTP implementation which will increase people movement into and out of the projects’ site areas from HIV/AIDs prevalence urban and foreign areas resulting into increased transmissions of the pandemic. vii. The Land Act No 4 and 5 of 1999whoseCap. 113, recognizes three categories of land as general, village and reserved and underscores the ‘hazard land’ whose development might lead to environmental damage, for example wetlands, mangrove swamps and coral reefs, steep lands and other areas of environmental significance or fragility. Nonetheless, the Act also recognizes customary tenure as of equal status to granted rights of occupancy and allows livestock keepers to own pasture lands either individually or in groups. Importantly, the land act promotes gender equality by recognizing equal access to land ownership and use by all citizens -men and women and giving them equal representation on the land committees. The DTP will adhere to the act and through site specific-prepared Resettlement Plan Framework (RPF) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) land right of the VGs will be protected throughout the project’s implementation cycle. viii. The National Climate Change Strategy of 2012 whose goal is to enable Tanzania to effectively adapt to and participate in the global efforts to mitigate climate change with a view to achieving sustainable economic growth in the context of Tanzania’s national development blueprint, Vision 2025; Five Years National Development plan; and national cross sectorial policies in line with established international policy frameworks. The DTP implementation may be strongly affected by the Climate Change effects; hence, mitigation is necessary for resilience and adaptation to protect the VGs and to also realize roads which are climate resilience and hence ensuring value for money. ix. The National Environmental Policy of 1997which seeks to improve conditions of degraded areas including rural and urban settlements in order that all Tanzanians may live in safe and healthful productive and aesthetically pleasant surroundings, raise the awareness and understanding of the essential linkages between environment and development and to promote individual and community participation in environmental management actions and to ensure sustainability, security and equitable use of natural resources enabling sustainability. x. Environmental Management Act 2004 Section 7 (1) whose objective is to provide for and promote the enhancement, protection, conservation and management of the environment. Nonetheless, in achieving this objective section 7 (3) (b) reiterates that effects to the environment be prevented or minimized through long term integrated planning and coordination, integration and corporation of efforts, which consider the entire environment as a whole entity, whereas section 7 (3) (g) insist on access to justice which gives individual, the public and interest groups of persons the opportunity to protect their rights to participation and contest decisions that do not take their interest into account. Such sections emphasize the importance of consultation and ultimate participation of VGs in the DTP implementation. 29 xi. The Cultural Heritage Policy of 2008 which recognizes the public as the main custodian of cultural resources, and that its implementation underscores the full participation of the public. The DTP will thus ensure conservation of all cultural heritage sites during implementation of its projects. xii. The World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards sets out requirements to the borrowers, guides the implementation of the VGPF through the identification and assessment of environmental and social risks and impacts posed by the DTP to the VGs. The DTP falls within the jurisdiction of the Environmental and Social Standards based on its time frame and specifically the ESS7 which requires MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU to perform an analysis of the direct and indirect socio- economic, cultural and environmental risks and impacts the DTP will have on the VGs through enabling them to participate in the project design and implementations through culturally acceptable consultations and devising a tailored Grievance Redress Mechanism for the VGs. Differences between Local Legislation and ESF (ESS7) The 1977 Constitution of Tanzania (last amended in 2005), recognizes the principle of non- discrimination (expressed as the right to equal treatment) for all regardless of ethnicity or any other characteristic. However, the Constitution also includes more substantive provisions of equality (equality of opportunity, arts. 22[2] and 13[5]), which does not preclude ameliorative measures (or affirmative action) to remedy the conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups. This is explicitly reflected in article 13(5): “For the purposes of this Article…the word “discrimination� shall not be construed in a manner that will prohibit the Government from taking purposeful steps aimed at rectifying disabilities in the society�. The Constitution therefore allows for “special treatment� as it is recognized that the principle of equal treatment sometimes requires ameliorative action to address disadvantage. As underserved traditional local communities are, as ESS7 notes, “among the most economically marginalized and vulnerable segments of the population, and their economic, social and legal status frequently limits their capacity to defend their rights to, and interests in, land, territories and natural and cultural resources, and may restrict their ability to participate in and benefit from development projects,� this constitutional provision supports potential ameliorative action to advance equality of opportunity. This is fundamental to the aims of inclusive development and inclusive growth, and is consistent with the objectives of ESS7. Seen in this light, ESS7 can be positioned to give full expression to the guarantees of equality and the Government’s commitment to the principles of democracy and social justice (art. 8[1]), accountability (art. 8c), popular sovereignty (art. 8a), participation (art. 8d or “promoting democratic and popular participation of social groups� in Development Vision 2025), human dignity (art. f), and respect for human rights (art. 9a, also in MKUKUTA II, section 2.4.6). In addition, GoT’s primary objective is to provide for the “welfare of the people� (art. 8b), including prioritizing national expenditures “on the development of the people� and in particular is geared towards the eradication of poverty, education and health� (art. 9i). This is aligned with ESS7 to improve access to essential services and decision-making, to achieve equality, and tackle poverty for those traditional communities who are disadvantaged, vulnerable and underserved as a result of their relationship to and reliance on their natural environment and traditional livelihoods for all aspects of their physical, cultural and material well-being. Furthermore, democratic and social justice principles (art. 8[1] in the Constitution) refers to values that favor actions which decrease or eliminate inequity, promote inclusiveness, establish environments that are supportive of all people, and are fundamental to the goals of social inclusion and social development. These constitutional principles underlie the aims of the Development 30 Vision 2025: to close the inequality gap to attain “a high quality livelihood for all Tanzanians;� to achieve “an inclusive and sustainable growth and shared benefits�; “a competitive economy capable of producing sustainable growth and shared benefits�; as well as achieving goals such food security, universal primary education, eradication of illiteracy, gender equality and the empowerment of women in all socio-economic and political relations and cultures; access to quality primary health care for all; access to quality reproductive health services, universal access to safe water, and absence of abject poverty. Again, this in line with addressing the substantive development and inclusion aims of ESS7, which is to improve access to services, well-being, and shared prosperity for disadvantaged communities, and those who may be doubly disadvantaged or marginalized in such communities (such as women, persons with disabilities, elderly and others) who are dependent on their natural environment for their cultural, social, physical and material well-being. Similarly, the goal for Tanzania has been growth and poverty reduction which is anchored in the National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction II (NSGPR II or its Swahili acronym, MKUKUTA II) . MKUKUTA II is a continuation of the long standing national commitments to fight poverty initiated since independence in 1961. This commitment has been consistently implemented through a series of strategies and plans ranging from sector specific strategies to multi-sectoral strategies starting with the 1998 National Poverty Eradication Strategy (NPES) which was operationalized by the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) towards the end of 1990s and early 2000s. After three years (2001/02 – 2004/05) of implementation of PRSP, the government adopted a Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)-based strategy, the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA I and II) to sustain and scale up achievements, and address the challenges with achieving economic growth within the poverty reduction agenda. The strategy is built on interventions aimed at achieving targets set out in Vision 2025 and other long-term policy initiatives. Both MKUKUTA I and II acknowledges the disparities between rural and urban areas, especially as they relate to access to natural resources, climate change impacts, variances in access to roads, schools, health facilities and others. MKUKUTA II is linked to Development Vision 2025 and to internationally agreed targets for reducing poverty (MDGs and now SDGs). Similarly, the Tanzania Five Year Development Plan, 2016-2021 (FYDP) states its economic transformation plan is based on three pillars: industrialization, human development, and implementation effectiveness. Among its ten objectives, five are explicitly geared towards human development including reducing poverty, shared and inclusive growth, improving well-being and quality of life, increased productive capacities and job creation especially for the youth and disadvantaged groups, and strengthen the role of local actors in planning and implementation, and mainstream global and regional agreements (e.g. Africa Agenda 2063 and SDGs) into national development planning and implementation frameworks for the benefit of the country. At the same time, the focus on industrialization as a key development pillar for Tanzania raises the likelihood of significant risks and increased pressures of disadvantaged communities (or IP/SSAHUTLCs) to their lands and livelihoods. The availability and accessibility of land for commercial interests is central to the government’s industrial agenda. As modernization and commercialization are key policy goals to transform the agricultural and livestock sectors for example, securing land for large-scale agricultural could lead to further marginalization and pressures on the mobility of pastoralists (and hunter-gatherers) as pastoral land demarcation, titling and the elimination of mobility are key proposals to increase the productivity of these sectors. For disadvantaged communities, lands are not viewed as commodities but is the base for their way of 31 life and survival as distinct communities. Yet, their access to these lands is under threat by industrial farming, manufacturing, free market-oriented land management, conservation and tourism interests, mining and extractive industries, and infrastructure projects, among others. ESS7 is essential to assist social specialists to address the specific risks and impacts on IP/SSAHUTLCs or disadvantaged communities in Bank-supported projects in these sectors, and to ensure they are receiving culturally appropriate benefits in line with their aspirations, wants and needs. This is fundamental if inclusive growth and development are to be realized. However, the policy vision of MKUKUTA II is also consistent the key pillars of social inclusion (access to services, markets and spaces ) with the goals of realizing poverty reduction, improved access to services, and quality of life and well-being outcomes for pastoralists and hunter gatherers (and youth and women in these groups) who are among the most vulnerable, marginalized and underserved in the country, especially given their remoteness. For example, some of the core goals under MKUKUTA II include reducing income poverty through promoting inclusive, sustainable, and employment-enhancing growth; ensuring creation of productive and decent employment, especially for women and youth; ensuring food security and climate change adaptation and mitigation, and allocating and utilizing national resources equitably and efficiently for growth and poverty reduction, especially in rural areas. In addition, MKUKUTA II also addresses land rights of disadvantaged communities. This is explicitly mentioned under Cluster III of anticipated development outcomes for MKUKUTA II— improved governance and accountability. This includes ensuring access to and control over natural resources for productive purposes for the poor (including protection and enforcement of property rights, such as access to land and tenure for women and other vulnerable groups), respect for human rights, institutions to support peaceful human co-existence between different community livelihood activities, and strengthening good natural resource governance around activities such as mining and tourism to mitigate conflict, increase productivity and protect natural capital. Moreover, among the five goals to achieve improved governance and accountability, four address vulnerable groups, equity and cultural diversity (Goal 2: improving public service delivery, especially to the poor and vulnerable; Goal 3: promoting and protecting human rights, particularly rights of poor women, children, men and more vulnerable citizens; Goal 4: improving national, personal and material security; and Goal 5 promoting and protecting culture of patriotism, hard work, moral integrity, self-confidence and cultural diversity and inter-cultural dialogue). Based on the above, it is clear that the GoT does not only see development as economic growth, but it encompasses social advancement and the betterment of livelihoods. From a social inclusion perspective, Cluster II development outcomes —improvement of quality of life and social well-being focusing on quality of life of the poorest and most vulnerable groups, reduced inequalities in access to social services such as education, survival, health across geographic, income, age, gender and other groups, and provision and access to clean and safe water, sanitation, decent shelter and a safe and sustainable environment and thereby, reduced vulnerability from environmental risk�—acknowledges the importance of access to social services to achieving the goals of improved quality of life and social well-being which in turn is essential for economic growth. However, as the GoT and the 2013 Tanzanian Poverty Assessment acknowledge, while there have been some gains in improving access to social services in recent years, challenges nevertheless remain related to quality of services and disparities in access across regions and population groups. The approach used for screening under ESS7 can be helpful to address not only relative disadvantage among communities with respect to accessing services, but in some geographic areas with communities that meet ESS7, additional mitigation and engagement 32 measures may be needed especially as they relate to community participation in project design and throughout the project lifecycle, including service delivery design and grievance redress mechanisms, to ensure they fully benefit disadvantaged communities, and risks and impacts are properly mitigated. Groups under ESS7 relative to others in the same geographic area, may have similar barriers to services, but may experience different impacts with respect to the design and delivery of the service (for example, culturally appropriate education or health services). Goal 5 of Cluster II (developing decent human settlements while sustaining environmental quality) provides an opportunity to address access to land for women in disadvantaged (or traditional local) communities who are often left outside traditional inheritance customs, leaving them and their children vulnerable. One of the targets of Goal 5 is to achieve gender balance in accessing secure land tenure and other rights. The Strategic Plan for the Implementation of Land Laws (SPILL) is viewed as an effective way to ensure gender-balanced access to land, both in rural and urban areas. This strategy aims to enhance efficiency in land and property management and thus render land more efficacious in contributing more to poverty reduction and improved social well-being of the people, especially those who are vulnerable, like women in traditional communities. To achieve these goals, according to MKUKUTA, the following interventions will be made: i) establish land rangers’ and building inspectors’ units in order to efficiently manage land development; ii) build capacity of local leaders and socially grafted institutions in enhancing security of tenure and protecting land parcels; iii). provide education and awareness on land rights, obligations, laws and national land tenure to women, men and vulnerable groups; and iv) review the Land Act regularly with a view to making land tenure more inclusive. The operational targets under Goal 3 of Cluster II (promoting and protecting human rights for all, particularly for poor women, children, men and the vulnerable) also seek to address social inclusion, unequal access, and exclusion among vulnerable groups. For example, two key targets for this goal are to ensure equal access to timely justice especially for the poor and disadvantaged, and to ensure social, political, economic and cultural rights for all particularly vulnerable groups. Interventions include promoting measures to ensure that vulnerable groups are participating in training and skill building in economic activities, building skills to create opportunities for people with disabilities, and establishing baseline information disaggregated by gender, among others. As such, given this policy framework, it is possible to engage the client in a way as it relates to the needs of individuals in “disadvantaged communities� to create targeted and focused interventions to address substantive measures to address inclusion. MKUKUTA II can also be instructive for addressing concerns about cultural difference as it expressly “emphasizes� the importance of implementing and upholding the principles of cultural diversity and inter-cultural dialogue to achieve Goal 5 (Promoting and preserving culture of patriotism, hard work, moral integrity, and self-confidence). As national or Tanzanian culture and identity are at the heart of Tanzania’s development policy, upholding “cultural tolerance and harmony is one of the areas with a strong impact on unity, peace and democratic development of a country�. As such, the strategy identifies interventions to address this which include: “Promoting cultural tolerance and awareness on cultural differences, addressing special needs of certain cultures, through instilling and arousing national values and traditions that bridge gaps across different cultures and religions; Promoting mutual trust and respect amongst Tanzanians; Raising awareness of people on culture and its diversity; Organizing platforms such as national symposia, seminars and hearings in support of cross cultural dialogue and resolution of cultural disputes�. Given that the four criteria of ESS7 include assessing characteristics of cultural distinctness under the standard, ESS7 could be framed not as a means to provide special treatment 33 (or confer special rights) but to promote intercultural understanding, good governance, respecting rights and dignity, promoting social cohesion and strengthening national identity through respect for intercultural dialogue and diversity to assuage concerns about cultural identification as fueling conflict and division. In cases where there are gaps in ESS7 and local legal and regulatory requirements, ESS 7 will apply. 34 5 VULNERABLE GROUPS PLAN 5.1 Screening for Presence of VGs Screening the presence of VGs will be a mandatory requirement prior to the implementation of the DTP components. This will be done to determine whether VGs are present or have collective attachment to the project area. The screening will be carried out by MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU Social Specialists at the PIU who are well versed in the social and cultural issues of the VGs in the project area. Such screening will need to be undertaken to the satisfaction of the Bank, prior to the implementation of activities. It is important during the screening phase of the project implementation to carefully identify who will be affected (positively or negatively) by the selected projects as it may not impact the entire group or it may impact non-vulnerable groups living in their midst or parts of several different groups only some of which are VGs. Procedures for screening are presented in the ESMF. According to the above stated definition and characteristics of VGs, five groups of VGs in Tanzania have been identified in this framework (Maasai , Sandawe, Hadzabe, Akie and Barbaig). Therefore, if the project will have influence in the location of these VGs, a Social Assessment (SA) analysis and Vulnerable Groups Plan (VGP) will be planned. 5.2 Social Assessment Process Prior to the implementation of any activities in a district where screening has identified the presence of VGs an SA will be undertaken by team of experts led by the PIU Social Specialist. The team of experts for the project will carry out a SA to evaluate the project’s potential positive and adverse effects on the VGs. The scope and type of analysis required for the SA will correspond to the nature and scale of the proposed project’s potential impacts on the Vulnerable Groups present in the project area. The PCG (led by the DTP-PIU Social Specialist) will prepare detailed Terms of Reference (ToR) for the SA study once it is determined that VGs are present. The ToR for the SA will be shared with World Bank for clearance and approval. The experts will gather relevant information from focus group discussions. Discussions will focus on sub-project positive and negative impacts; and recommendations for design of Project that are needed for the VGs to benefit from the project. DTP- PIU Social specialist(s)will be responsible for reviewing the SA and providing the necessary recommendation on involvement of VGs and ways to ensure they benefit from the project. The SA will use quantitative analysis for information on issues such as population structure, educational level and socioeconomic indicators. Qualitative information will also be gathered on ways of life, livelihoods etc. Participatory assessments will also be undertaken to gather the views of stakeholders. The process of gathering baseline information3 for further monitoring will be through a participatory rural appraisal mapping exercise involving the VGs in the proposed sub- project area or district. The SA will also identify vulnerable individuals within the VG communities and the reasons for their vulnerability, explore ways in in which inclusive stakeholder engagement can be culturally appropriate and productive, explore how grievances are best 35 managed within the context of the project GRM or separately. Mapping the community resources where the project investments are targeted will determine the sphere of influence, how the vulnerable communities utilize said resources so as identify how the project can avoid impacts to these resources and enhance potential benefits. Regarding customary rights of VGs to use of common resources, the mapping will provide information on (i) location and size of the area and condition of resources, (ii) primary users, including those that belong to VGs that currently use or depend on these common resources, (iii) secondary users and the types of uses they make, (iv) the effects of these uses on the VGs, and (vi) mitigation measures of adverse impacts if any. Based on the information collected, comparative analysis will be used to determine the natures and degrees of different benefits and impacts for the project by considering project alternatives in the sub-project area, which will be verified with the VGs. 5.3 Preparation of Vulnerable Groups Plan Projects Specific Vulnerable Group Plans (PSVGPs) will be prepared when activities have been identified in areas where Vulnerable Groups are present or in which they have a collective attachment, as determined during the screening process. The PSVGP will be developed by the DTP-PIU Social Specialists. The SA will give baseline data of the demographic, economic, social, cultural and political characteristics, land use as well as natural resources in the area of which the VGs depend on. Based on the findings of SA, the PSVGP will provide guidance on social, economic, or cultural issues to be addressed during design, construction and implementation of the project. The PSVGP will be developed to reflect the social-cultural activities, geographical location and livelihood activities of the respective community as well as the risks and impact of the project to the VGs. Specific elements of the PSVGP are described below; i. Aspirations, needs, and preferred options of the affected vulnerable groups; ii. Local social organization, beliefs, ancestral territory, and resource use patterns among the affected vulnerable groups that relate to the project; iii. Potential positive and negative impacts and risks on vulnerable groups; iv. Measures to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts and risks; v. The requirements for FPIC where relevant; vi. Measures to ensure project benefits will accrue to vulnerable groups; vii. The possibility of involving local CBOs and NGOs representing VGs; viii. The possibility of involving local CBOs and NGOs representing VGs; ix. Specific requirements related to stakeholder engagement and the GRM for VGs. x. Budget allocation; and xi. Monitoring. 3Baseline information on education, employment, demographic social, cultural, and political characteristics of the affected VGs, the land and territories that they have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, and the natural resources on which they depend. 5.1 Impact Identification 36 The assessment of project benefits and adverse impacts will be conducted based on free, prior, and informed consultation, with the affected VGs. The determination of potential adverse impacts will entail an analysis of the vulnerability of, and risks to, the affected VGs given their distinct circumstances and close ties to land and natural resources, as well as their lack of access to opportunities relative to other social groups in the communities or districts in which they live. An analysis of additional adverse impacts on groups further vulnerable to exclusion or negative impacts, such as women, will be undertaken. 5.2 Determination of Mitigation Measures This will involve identification and evaluation of mitigation measures necessary to avoid adverse effects, or if such measures are not feasible, the identification of measures to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects, and to ensure that the VGs receive culturally appropriate benefits under the project in a participatory manner. Mitigation measures may involve compensation as well and typical mitigation actions or compensations. The appropriateness of these measures will be agreed with VGs through the FGDs and stakeholder engagement prior to finalizing the plan. 5.3 Capacity Building During the vulnerable Groups orientation and mobilization process, the interest, capacity and skills of the VGs and their institutions, CBOs and NGOs, including social screening, will be assessed. If required the VGPF will propose the provision of training for the VGs in among others resource mapping, monitoring and evaluation. This will be financed by the project under the budget allocated for the implementation of the VGPs prepared for the sub-projects as required. The DTP-PIU will provide training and guidance to the different groups that might be affected on social assessment, implementation of the VGPF and VGP with special attention to developing their knowledge on VGPF background, history and areas of concern as well as their skills for community orientation, free, prior and informed consultative planning, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools and techniques. 5.4 Bank Decision on Project Investments In deciding whether to proceed with the project, the government will then ascertain, on the basis of the PSVGP and the outcomes of the process of free, prior, and informed consultation, whether the affected VGs’ provide their broad support to the project or Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) where applicable under ESS7. Documentation of community support or consent will be provided by minutes prepared from all meetings held with the VGs or through other processes as agreed with the VGs and the World Bank. The minutes will be verified and authenticated by community representatives. Where there is such community support or consent, the government will prepare and submit to the World Bank a detailed report that documents: i. The findings of the social assessment/analysis; ii. The Vulnerable Groups Plan; iii. The process of free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs; iv. Recommendations for free, prior, and informed consent with and participation by 37 VGs during project implementation, monitoring, and evaluation; v. Any formal agreements reached with VGs’; and vi. Measures, including project design modification, which may be required to expand access to or address adverse effects on the VGs’ and to provide them with culturally appropriate project benefits. The Bank reviews the process and the outcome of the consultation carried out by the government to satisfy itself that the affected VGs have provided their broad support to the project. The Bank will review and clear the documents before implementation of each stage of the project. 5.5 Contents of a Vulnerable Groups Plan All the PSVGPs that will be prepared under the Project will include the following contents, as needed: i. A summary of the legal and institutional framework applicable to VGs. ii. Baseline information on the demographic, social, cultural, and political characteristics of the affected VGs communities, the land and territories that they have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, and the natural resources on which they depend as it relates to the project. iii. A summary of the social assessment. iv. A summary of results of the stakeholder consultation with the affected VGs that was carried out during project preparation. v. A framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs during sub-project implementation and any proof of the same once achieve vi. An action plan of measures to ensure that the VGs receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate, including, if necessary, measures to enhance the capacity of the project implementing agencies. vii. When potential adverse effects on VGs are identified, appropriate action plans of measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for these adverse effects drawing on the information presented in the Social Assessment. viii. The cost estimates and financing plan for the VGP; each project will bear full cost of assisting and rehabilitating VGs. ix. Accessible procedures appropriate to the project to address grievances by the affected VGs arising from project implementation. When designing the grievance procedures, the government takes into account the availability of judicial recourse and customary dispute settlement mechanisms among the VGs’. x. Mechanisms and benchmarks appropriate to the project for monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the implementation of the PSVGP. The monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should include arrangements for the free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected VGs’. 38 6 FRAMEWORK FOR FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT 6.1 Background ESS7 recognizes that Vulnerable Groups have identities and aspirations that are distinct from mainstream groups in national societies and often are disadvantaged by traditional models of development. In many instances, they are among the most economically marginalized and vulnerable segments of the population. Their economic, social, and legal status frequently limits their capacity to defend their rights to, and interests in, land, territories and natural and cultural resources, and may restrict their ability to participate in and benefit from development projects. In many cases, they do not receive equitable access to project benefits, or benefits are not devised or delivered in a form that is culturally appropriate, and they may not always be adequately consulted about the design or implementation of projects that would profoundly affect their lives or communities. This ESS recognizes that the roles of men and women in VGs cultures are often different from those in the mainstream groups, and that women and children have frequently been marginalized both within their own communities and as a result of external developments and may have specific needs. One of the key requirements of ESS7 is to ensure that VGs present in, or with collective attachment to, the project area is fully consulted about, and have opportunities to actively participate in, project design and the determination of project implementation arrangements. The scope and scale of consultation, as well as subsequent project planning and documentation processes, will be proportionate to the scope and scale of potential project risks and impacts as they may affect VGs. In recognition of this vulnerability of VGs, the Bank requires the government to obtain the FPIC of the affected VGs when such circumstances described in ESS7 are present. 6.2 Free, Prior and Informed Consent Free, Prior and Informed Consent refers to the process, under certain specific circumstances set out below, whereby VGs, will be consulted in good faith based on sufficient and timely information concerning the benefits and disadvantages of a project and how the anticipated activities occur. Consent refers to the collective support of affected VGs for the project activities that affect them, reached through a culturally appropriate process. FPIC does not require unanimity and may be achieved even when individuals or groups within or among affected VGs explicitly disagree. The FPIC principles are as follows:  Free – people are able to freely make decisions without coercion, intimidation or manipulation  Prior – sufficient time is allocated for people to be involved in the decision-making process before key project decisions are made and impacts occur  Informed – people are fully informed about the project and its potential impacts and benefits, and the various perspectives regarding the project (both positive and negative)  Consent - refers to the collective support of affected VGs for the project activities that affect them, reached through a culturally appropriate process. 39 Where applicable under this project, FPIC applies to project design, implementation arrangements and expected outcomes related to risks and impacts on the affected VGs. It builds on and expands the process of meaningful consultation as detailed in the SEP. The Project will document:  the mutually accepted process to carry out good faith negotiations that has been agreed by the Borrower and the VGs; and  the outcome of the good faith negotiations between the government and VGs, including all agreements reached as well as dissenting views. The process for achieving FPIC if required will need to be developed for each of the relevant VGs in turn taking into account their distinct characteristics, decision making structures and the project impacts. The process will be included in the relevant VGP that will be developed for each project, where applicable. The key steps involved in the process are analyzed in Table 3 Table 3: FPIC Process for Vulnerable Groups Consultation Participants Consultation Method Consultation Stage Expected Outcome Project authority Community Location of project VGs, organizations Open meetings and MCIT/POPSMGG/PI community First hand assessment and VG activity discussions, visit U perceived social benefits and leaders/elders, proposed project sites and other risks and prospect of achieving Community stakeholders broad support for the project. Management Explanation of VG rights under Committees (CMC)s, law and ESS7 Village Councils (VCs) Initial screening of VGs, CBOs, Open meetings, Identification of FPIC the proposed sub- MCIT/POPSMGG/PI Community focus group circumstances/scenarios/mech Projects with FPIC U and other leaders/elders, discussion and sp o t anisms requirements stakeholders Influential people, key interviews informants, CMCs, VCs VGs, CBOs, Open meetings, Identification of major Secondary MCIT, POPSMGG, Community focus group impact issues, feedback from screening of the PIU and other proposed projects stakeholders leaders/elders, discussion and spot VGs who would be affected Influential people, interviews by the project with FPIC requirements key informants, CMCs, VCs In depth study of Formal/informal VGs including likely interview, More concrete view of impact risks and benefits MCIT/PO- focus of any of the PSMGG/PIU, NGOs, affected CBOs group discussion, issues & risks, and feedback CBOs, other organization, on possible alternative, applicable FPIC hotspot discussion on knowledgeable community leaders, mitigation and development scenarios taking specific impact, persons influential measures or a proposal not to into consideration alternative and people/leaders, key proceed with certain project inter alia, the mitigation conditions that informants, CMC, because FPIC is unlikely to would lead to FPIC VC be achieved. being achieved. 40 Stakeholder MCIT/POPSMGG/PI Community consultations U, NGOs, CBOs, Adversely affected discussion, Confirmation of FPIC, other knowledgeable individual VGs/ structured survey inputs/ mechanisms for VGs persons households questionnaires and identification of issues covering quantitative that could be incorporated & qualitative into design of the sub projects information/ issues Preparation of MCIT, POPSMGG, VGs, organizations, Group consultations, Preparation of VGPs, and PSVGPs PIU and other community hotspot discussion, incorporation of SA inputs to stakeholders leaders/elders, avoid or minimizeadverse adversely affected impacts, promote VGs culturally appropriate benefit sharing and other VG development projects. Achievement and documentation of FPIC through agreed mechanisms or decision not to proceed with the Project. MCIT/POPSMGG/PI Individual VGs, Implementation Quick resolution of issues, Implementation U organizations, monitoring Including through community committees Grievance Mechanism, leader/elders, other effective implementation of stakeholders, CMCs, VGPs VCs. Monitoring and MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU VGs organizations/ Formal participation Identification and Evaluation groups and in resolution of individuals, NGOs & review and implementation issues, CBOs monitoring effectiveness of VGPs 6.3 Conditions under which FPIC is Required In particular, FPIC would be applied when sub-projects: i. have adverse impacts on land and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use or occupation; ii. cause relocation of VGs from land and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use or occupation; or iii. have significant impacts on the cultural heritage of VGs that is material to their identity and/or cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual aspects of their lives. While it is considered unlikely that the DTP will impact on the cultural heritage of the VGs, the possibility remains that there may be impact on sites of cultural importance and spiritual property. Such impacts will be identified through the development of the social assessment of the vulnerable groups, which will include engagement and the need for FPIC on such elements will be determined in consultation with the VGs. 41 7 CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE The location for the implementation of the DTP is in Tanzania as shown in Chapter 2 of this VGPF document. The overall DTP design seeks to benefit all the VGs in project areas. For the DTP to address any possible adverse impacts as well as maximize the project benefits to the VGs, two approaches will be undertaken: (i) Integrating the concept of informed consultation in the overall design and implementation of DTP so as to improve the overall social outcomes of the project; (ii) Developing area- specific Vulnerable Groups Plan (A-SVGP) at the sub-project’s level to mitigate adverse impacts and enhance project benefits. Earlier, before the preparation of this Digital Tanzania Project VGPF, consultations were held with relevant Government departments and NGOs. Consultations have been done with some Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) representing the interests of VGs at National level on the February 10,2021. Outcomes of the consultations are presented in Annex I. VGs who may be affected by specific sub- projects will be consulted during the preparation of the VGPs. 7.1 Disclosure of the VGPF Information disclosure and public consultation are important and necessary during project preparation and implementation as well. As such, during project implementation, meaningful consultation, including with the VGs, will be continuous at all phases of the Digital Tanzania Project ’s projects. These enable project affected people, VGs, and other stakeholders to participate in and contribute to the project planning and implementation, and thereby help minimize adverse impacts and maximize benefits. The Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework will be made available to the affected VGs in an appropriate form, manner, and language. The GoT will also make the documents available to the affected communities in the same manner through press releases. For project activities with Vulnerable Group Community members, the VGPF will be disclosed to the affected VG with detailed information of project activities. This will be done through public consultation and made available in brochures, leaflets, or booklets, using the national and local language where it can be written. Summaries of the VGPF and subsequent VGPs will be made available in hard copies and in the national and a summary in a local language at MCIT, POPSMGG and PIU. Electronic versions of the VGPF will be available on the official website of MCIT and POPSMGG. 7.2 Stakeholder Engagement during Implementation 7.2.1 Stakeholder Identification Vulnerable Groups have unique ways of life which require tailor made approaches to stakeholder identification and consultations. Under the DTP and in this VGPF, culturally appropriate (to mean in line with the norms, ideas, customs and social behavior) consultations will be undertaken. MCIT/POPSMGG social specialist will therefore for each sub- project: i. Screen for presence of VGs in the sub-project areas; ii. Upon identification of VGs presence conduct desk studies as well as field assessments to understand their way of life; Based on activity (ii) above conduct a stakeholder mapping in close consultation with local government at district and village level to 42 identify NGOs/CBOs, community leaders and stakeholder groups within the communities; iii. Consultations will be conducted with the VG community leaders and in cases where necessary village council and/or NGOs/CBOs to understand acceptable principles, ethics, values, process, language and entry points to consultations with VGs in the sub- project areas; iv. Document and share the consultation process (agreed to with the community through its leaders for formalization) with the VGs through the agreed process in activity (iv). If agreed to and ratified by the community, that will be the consultation process for the sub-project in areas where VGs are present. Where the project affects VGs, the MCIT and POPSMGG will engage in meaningful consultation with them and will ensure that it: i. Establishes an appropriate gender and inter-generationally inclusive framework that provides opportunities for consultation at each stage of project preparation and implementation among the implementing structures, the VG’s, CBOs if any, and other local Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) identified by the affected VG’s; ii. Uses consultation methods appropriate to the social and cultural values of the affected VGs and their local conditions; and iii. Provides the affected VGs with all relevant information about the project (including an assessment of potential adverse effects of the project on the affected VGs communities but that will be determined during the consultation process, and it will be done at each stage of project preparation and implementation. All the interested and affected stakeholders will be identified through a culturally appropriate process for consulting with the VGs at each stage of project implementation. A stakeholder mapping exercise will be conducted where there is a likelihood of VGs being affected by Project activities and the stakeholder mapping process will ensure that all the interested and affected stakeholders are identified and included in the social assessment process including impact identification and mitigation. 7.2.2 Stakeholder Consultation Approach Consultations with the vulnerable communities will be conducted at each stage of the project, and particularly prior to implementation, to fully identify their views and ascertain community support for the Project. MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU will facilitate and arrange for consultative meetings with VGs in the Project area with full engagement of their local leaders. Such consultation will include use of VG local languages, articulation by VGs of their views and preferences and allowing time for community support. Representatives of the VGs in collaboration with Village Council and the leader of the specific vulnerable group at the village level or as directed by the VGs in the exercise conducted in 7.2.1 above in the project area will select a venue that is considered appropriate by all the parties. Engagement will be based on honest and open provision of information, and in a form that is accessible to VGs. Engagement will begin at the earliest possible stage so as to inform project design. 43 In practice, good community engagement in the context of Vulnerable Groups aims to ensure that: i. Vulnerable Groups have an understanding of their rights; ii. Vulnerable Groups are informed about, and comprehend the full range (short, medium and long-term) of social impacts – positive and negative – that can result from the proposed activities; iii. Any concerns that Vulnerable Groups have about potentially negative impacts are understood and addressed by MCIT/POPSMGG and PIU; iv. Traditional knowledge informs the design and implementation of mitigation strategies and is treated respectfully; v. There is mutual understanding and respect between MCIT, POPSMGG and PIU and the Vulnerable Groups as well as other stakeholders; vi. Vulnerable Groups aspirations are taken into account in project planning so that people have ownership of, and participate fully in decisions about, community development programs and initiatives vii. The project has the broad, on-going support of the Vulnerable Groups, the voices of all in the Vulnerable Groups are heard; that is, engagement processes are inclusive. In preparing the PSVGPs, information will be gathered through consultations with stakeholders by separate group meetings with Vulnerable Groups, including their leaders, NGOs, CBOs, and affected persons. Discussions will focus on potential positive and negative impacts of implementing project for the VGs, measures to enhance positive impacts, and, strategies/options to minimize and/or mitigate negative impacts. The stakeholder engagement process will be conducted using documentation review, interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions and Special Village Assembly Meetings with VGs, and other identified Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). The process will generate data and information based on the indicators summarized in Table 4 below. Table 4: VGs Stakeholders Engagement Process Matrix Issues Activity Responsible Indicators Screening Meeting with VC, and MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU  Screening Forms completed Traditional Leaders Community meetings MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU  Number of community meeting Orientation and , VGs and minutes, Mobilization of VGs VC representatives  Number of VGs attended  Total number of participants in place Consultations with VGs Participatory Rural  General Village Assembly Appraisals MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU meeting minutes, VGs, and  Attendance of VGs by VC representatives categories,  Detailed social screening report,  Documentation of the consultations. 44 Development of strategies Participatory planning MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU  Attendance of VGs by for participation of VGs with VGs VGs, and categories, and mitigation measures VC representatives  Planning report for identified concerns /  List of positive impacts to be issues strengthened,  List of negative impacts to be mitigated,  Compensation measures if required MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU  List of VGs attendance, Carry out capacity building Conduct information for VGs if needed sharing sessions VGs, and  Minutes of meetings, VC representatives  Information sharing reports Participatory M&E process MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU,  Joint monitoring reports with VGs to carry out To conduct VGs, and accessible to VGs and M&E participatory monitoring VC representatives implementing agencies,  List of VGs representatives attended the process The participatory stakeholder engagement and, where applicable, the FPIC results will determine whether to proceed with a respective sub-project or not. In case it is agreed to proceed, the MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU facilitator will prepare the following: i. The findings of the stakeholder engagements; ii. Where applicable, the process of FPIC with the affected VGs communities. This would include additional measures, such as project design modification, to address adverse effects on the VGs and to provide them with culturally appropriate project benefits; iii. Recommendations for an FPIC process with PAPs and participation by VGs during project implementation, monitoring, and evaluation; and iv. Any formal agreements reached with VGs. The Consultation process will document the community general assembly minutes with attendance lists and VG members’ lists, photographic evidence and minutes of other meetings and/or back - to-office reports. 7.2.3 Stakeholder Engagement during Design and Implementation Participation of VGs in selection, design and implementation of the project components, will largely determine the extent of achievement of VGPF objectives. To ensure that benefits are realized and where adverse impacts are likely, the MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU team will undertake prior and informed consultations with the likely affected VGs and those who work with and/or are knowledgeable of VGs’ development issues and concerns. To facilitate effective participation, the VGPF will follow a timetable to consult VGs at different stages of the project cycle, especially during preparation and implementation of the VGPF which will be complemented by the DTP’s Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). The primary objectives would be to examine the following: i. To seek their inputs/feedback on how to maximize benefits, accessibility and how to avoid or minimize the potential adverse impacts associated with the project; ii. Identify culturally appropriate impact mitigation measures; and iii. Assess and adopt education opportunities, which the SA could promote to complement the measures required to mitigate the adverse impacts. 45 Consultations will be carried out broadly in two stages. First, prior to final selection of any project component located in an area inhabited by VGs. The outcomes of these consultations will guide the design of the sub-project. MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU will consult the VGs about the need for and the probable positive and negative impacts associated with the project execution. Second, during preparation (including of plans such as the ESMP), to ascertain how the VGs in general perceive the project and gather any inputs/feedback they might offer for better outcomes. This will eventually be addressed in VGPF and inform the design of the project. The VGs communication strategy will: i. Facilitate participation of VGs with adequate gender and generational representation; Youth, customary/traditional VG organizations; community elders, VC leaders; and CSOs, CBOs and Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) on VGs development issues and concerns. ii. Provide them with relevant information about the project components, including that on potential adverse impacts, organize and conduct the consultations in manners to ensure free expression of their views and preferences. iii. Document details of all consultation meetings, with VGs perceptions of the proposed project and the associated impacts, especially the adverse ones and any inputs/feedbacks given by VGs; and an account of the community support or consent by VGs. The SA will examine the detailed impacts at an individual and community levels, with a particular focus on the adverse impacts perceived by VGs and the feasible mitigation measures. To ensure continuing informed participation and more focused discussions, the communication strategy will provide affected VGs with the impact details of the proposed project. Consultations will cover areas concerning cultural and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as what VGs consider important. Consultations will continue throughout the preparation and implementation period. Consultation stages, probable participants, methods, and expected outcomes are suggested in the VGs consultation matrix shown below in Table 5. The following strategies should also be included in the project to support the participation of the VGs: i. The project should explore how to accommodate the most vulnerable and destitute of the VGs. ii. Encourage VGs to get involved in various project planning, designing, and implementation activities in the project through arranging related training. iii. Assist VG youth to develop their capacity and capability to enable them to participate in proposed project components; iv. Ensure adequate resources and technical support for the implementation of the action plan for VGs. v. At all stages culturally appropriate communication methods (verbal and nonverbal, in local language) should be used to ensure meaningful consultation. Once the VGs are identified in the project area, the VGPs will ensure mitigation of any adverse impact of the project and access to benefits. The project components should ensure benefits to the VGs by providing (in consultation with the VGs themselves) opportunity to get them involved in various project activities. The following issues need to be addressed during the implementation stage of the project: i. Provision of an effective mechanism for monitoring implementation of the VGPF; ii. Development of accountability mechanism to ensure the planned benefits of the project are received by VGs; 46 iii. Ensuring appropriate budgetary allocation of resources for the VG development. iv. Provision of technical assistance for sustaining the PSVGP; v. Ensure that VGs traditional social organizations, cultural heritage, traditional political and community organizations are protected. 7.3.4 Strategies for Inclusion of Women and Youth in VG This VGPF establishes an appropriate gender and inter-generationally inclusive framework that provides opportunities for consultation each stage of project preparation and implementation with the affected VGs. Deliberate efforts need to be put in place to ensure full participation of women and youth. In particular, MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU need to be sensitive to the exclusion of women and young people in the decision-making process. During the Social Assessment undertaken to inform the PSVGP for all components, where it is determined that traditional decision-making structures exclude women and younger people, it may be necessary to obtain input from these groups by less direct means (for example, and where possible, via community needs surveys and baseline studies, or through informal discussions with small groups). 47 Table 5: VGs Consultation Matrix Consultation Consultation Participants Consultation Expected Outcome Stages Project VGs Community Method Authority Reconnaissance for MCIT/POPSMGG/ VGs, including Open meetings and First-hand assessment of all Components PIU, organizations, discussions VGs’ perception of potential Ground verification project community Visit of proposed social benefits and risks of existing consultants leaders/elders project sites (for location/sites for component 2), VGs activities under settlements and Component 2 surroundings Screening of the DTP, project VGs, including CBOs Open meetings Identification of major proposed activities consultants and community focus group impacts, feedback from VGs other leaders/elders, key discussions, and would-be affected stakeholders informants interviews, etc. persons In-depth study of DTP, project Would-be affected Formal and informal More concrete view of risks and benefits consultants, VGs, VGs, interviews; focus impact issues and risks, and taking into NGOs / CBOs, organizations, group discussions; feedback on possible consideration, inter other Community on specific impacts, alternatives and mitigation alia the conditions knowledgeable leaders/elders, key alternatives, and and development measures that lead to achieve persons informants mitigation; etc. FPIC. Social Assessment DTP, project Adversely affected Survey Inputs for VGP, and (SA) consultants individual Questionnaires identification of issues that VGs/households covering could be incorporated into quantitative and the design of project qualitative information Preparation VGP VGs, VCs CBOs, Group consultations, Preparation of VGP, and MCIT/POPSM community leaders, FGD incorporation of SA inputs GG/PIU Project elders and adversely into design to avoid or consultants and affected VGs minimize adverse impacts other and promote culturally stakeholders appropriate benefit sharing, and VGs development programs Agreement on the GRM approach Implementation MCIT/POPSMG Individual VGs, CBOs, Implementation Quick resolution of issues, G/PIU Project, VCs, community monitoring effective implementation of consultants and leaders, elders and committees (formal VGP other other stakeholders or informal) stakeholders Monitoring MCIT/POPSMGG/ VGs, CBOs, groups Formal participation Identification and resolution &Evaluation PIU and and individuals in review and of implementation issues, / Project, monitoring effectiveness of VGP consultants (NGOs & CBOs) 48 8 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM Grievance Redress Mechanism for this VGPF will follow that of Digital Tanzania Project spelt in the Stakeholders Engagement Plan (SEP) in case the current mechanism their using does not work (use of their local leaders solve their problems. The mechanism will be proportionate to the potential risks and impacts of the project to the VGs as described in Chapter 3 and will be accessible and inclusive. The GRM will address VGs concerns promptly and effectively, in a discreet manner objective, sensitive and responsive to the needs and concerns of the VGs. The mechanism will also allow for anonymous complaints to be raised and addressed in transparent manner, which is culturally appropriate depending on the targeted community and readily accessible to all VGs, at no cost and without retribution. The mechanism, process or procedure will not prevent access to judicial or administrative remedies at any stage of the redress as shown in Figure 3. To prepare GRMs that take cognizance of local knowledge, practices and norms for the sub-projects under the DTP, MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU will through consultations with the VGs aim to understand and agree with the VGs:  Available conflict resolution mechanisms within the communities;  The norms, practices and process of conflict resolution in the VG communities;  Focal point persons in conflict management in the VG communities;  Process of integration of local conflict resolution mechanism to suit project implementation while respecting local values and processes of conflict resolution;  On a GRM prepared following the above process and socialize it with the VG community leadership, VG community members, Village administration and other stakeholders in sub- project areas. With this, the proposed GRM that has been provided in the following paragraphs will have been revised to reflect the norms, practices and cultural expectations of the VGs within the project areas. MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU will inform the VGs about the grievance process in the course of its community engagement activities/FPIC as stipulated in Chapter 6 if applicable, and will be disclosed to the affected VGs with detailed information of (i) Submission of grievances, recording and reporting system, including grievances filed both verbally and in writing, (ii) designated staff with responsibility at various levels of PIU who will be trained on grievances handling and cultures sensitivity, and (iii) a specific protocol for handling grievances including the minimum time frame within which different types of grievances should be addressed. This will be done through public consultation and made available in brochures, leaflets, or booklets, using the national and local language where it can be written and made available in hard copies at MCIT/POPSMGG/PIU offices. Specific provisions will be included for complaints related to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) that could be derived from the project to ensure the survivor’s confidentiality and rights. To properly address GBV risks, the GRM needs to be in place prior to contractors mobilizing. The GRM should not ask for, or record, information on more than three aspects related to the GBV incident: a) the nature of the complaint (what the complainant says in her/his own words without direct questioning, b) if, to the best of their knowledge, the perpetrator was associated with the project, and if, possible, the age and sex of the survivors. Different entry points where survivor can place complaints confidentiality shall be identified and linked to the GRM as shown in Figure 4. 4The GRM Protocol should have a specific section on GBV related complaints. This shall be developed with the support of specialized organizations in the matter. 49 4 Nonetheless, approach of the GRM for GBV will be enhanced once the mapping of services is finalized Figure 2: The program Grievance Redress Mechanism flow chart Dissatisfied VGs declares the grievance(s) at Village Council Level and DTP-PIU Step 1: Village Councils liaises with the DTP PIU to review the grievance(s) and provide response If grievance is addressed No further action required within 2 weeks from the submission Step 2: If the VG is not satisfied with decision in Step one, the grievance(s) is referred to DTP-PIU Council Office who shall respond in 2 weeks’ time If grievance is addressed No further action required from the submission at that respective level Step 3: If the VG is not satisfied with decision in Step two, the grievance is referred to the DTP -PIU Grievance Committee of MCIT who shall respond If grievance is addressed No further action required within two weeks’ time from the submission at that respective level Step 4: If the VG is not satisfied with decision in Step three, the grievance is reported to the DTP Implementation Unit (PIU) for verification If grievance is addressed No further action required Step 5: If the VG is not satisfied with decision in Step four, the grievance(s) is reported to If grievance is addressed No further action required MICT/POPSMGG LEGAL REDRESS 50 Figure 3: The proposed project Grievance Redress Mechanism flow chart for GBV Survivors From the figure 4 above, GBV survivors can place complaints with confidentiality and shall be identified and linked to the GRM. GBV survivors who do not wish to place their complaints with the employer their complaints can be recorded according to their preferences and closed. For survivors who wish to proceed with their complaints, their cases can be addressed according to the culture, accountability and response framework of the employer. The employer will take disciplinary action, inform the survivor and close the case. World Bank Grievance Redress Service Persons and parties who see themselves as adversely affected by the Digital Tanzania Project which is being supported by the World Bank may submit complaints to existing project-level grievance redress mechanisms as narrated above, or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address project-related concerns. 52 9. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF VGPF 9.1 Institutional arrangements of DTP The Institutional and implementation arrangement will involve the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT), President’s Office-Public Service Management and Good Governance (PO-PSMGG), President’s Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoFP), e-Government Authority (eGA), Tanzania Postal Corporation (TPC) and Universal Communication Services Access Fund (UCSAF). MCIT will be responsible for the overall coordination of implementation of the project. The overall implementation structure proposed will be under Project Implementation Unit (PIU). PIU will comprise members from both implementing Ministries (MCIT & PO-PSMGG) for the project execution. The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology through the Steering Committee will be the overseer of the project. 9.2 Roles of stakeholders during implementation of VGF and preparation of VG Plan Different stakeholders will play the following roles in relation to the planning and implementation of project specific Vulnerable Group Plans as follows: 9.2.1Village and Ward levels Working with the PIU, the Village Councils are responsible for assisting in the planning, implementation; monitoring and evaluation of project specific VG Plans. Specific responsibilities include:  Awareness creation in the community about the VG Plans;  Participating in data collection from the community;  Facilitating meetings with VGs and other stakeholders;  Participating in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of project specific VG plans at the village level;  Establishing and maintaining grievance databases for the VGs; and  Addressing grievances from VGs. 9.2.2 PIU and LGAs Level PIU will be responsible implementation of the VGPF and for overall planning and management of the VG Plans as follows:  Awareness creation at Ward and Village level about the VGP;  Facilitating community identification of key activities to be included into subproject specific VG Plans;  Undertaking social assessments and preparation of the VG plans;  Ensuring that VG Plans are mainstreamed into project budgeting and resources are allocated for their implementation;  Participating in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of subproject specific VG Plans at LGAs levels;  Reviewing and compiling quarterly progress reports on the implementation of VG Plans; 53  Establishing in consultations with the VGs grievance mechanisms in line with the requirements of this VGPF;  Establishing and maintaining updated grievance databases; and  Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the VG Plans. 54 10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION Monitoring for overall compliance with the provisions within the VGPF will be the responsibility of the MCIT- PIU at the Head Quarter level which will oversee to the recruitment of Environmental and Social safeguard staff, whose responsibility will include compliance monitoring. The PIU will also be responsible for overall environmental and social issues, providing guidance, developing policies (if necessary), coordinating with other programs/projects for synergy and good practices. The Procurement Management Specialists (PMS) at DTP PIU will commission a third-party project level monitoring. PMS will select a national agency to evaluate the level of compliance with the project’s environment safeguard instruments independently where a comprehensive assessment report on social performance will be prepared by the third-party monitoring agency at a designated time frame preferably every six- month (half-yearly). The third-party monitoring reports will be shared with the World Bank. 11. BUDGET REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VGPF All the cost required to plan and implement the specific interventions under DTP for vulnerable groups will be incorporated in the project implementation budget. The project implementation budget will include detailed annual costs allocated for the required activities of preparation and implementation of VGPs as needed. For implementation of VGPF and preparation of the VG Plans, PIU through its social specialist will conduct screening, social assessments, awareness raising, to the VGs on the various DTP subproject activities and prepared necessary VGPs. The budget for the implementation of the VGPF is presented in Table 11.1 Table 11.1 Budget for the implementation of the VGPF No Activity Cost in TZS 1 Screening for VGs 50,000,000.00 2 Social assessments under VGP 80,000,000.00 3 Consultations with VG 110,000,000.00 representatives 4 Consultations with VG communities 100,000,000.00 5 Preparation of a Grievance Redress 50,000,000.00 Mechanism 6 Assessment and identification of 100,000,000.00 mitigation measures and development activities to enhance benefits 7 Preparation of a VGPs 100,000,000.00 8 Implementation of VGPs 400,000,000.00 Total 990,000,000.00 The approximate budget for the implementation of the VGPF is TZS 990,000,000.00 55 12. ANNEXES ANNEX I DIGITAL TANZANIA PROJECT – CONSULTATION WITH VULNERABLE GROUPS REPRESENTATIVES: JAMHURI YA MUUNGANO WA TANZANIA WIZARA YA UJENZI, UCHUKUZI NA MAWASILIANO KUMBUKUMBU ZA KIKAO CHA WADAU WA “VULNERABLE GROUPS� KILICHOFANYIKA TAREHE 10 FEBRUARI, 2021 - UKUMBI WA MIKUTANO WA MAMLAKA YA MAWASILIANO TANZANIA-TCRA, DAR ES SALAAM Waliohudhuria: Mulembwa Munaku MCIT Mwenyekiti Athumani Magadula Hadzabe Survival Mjumbe Endeko S. Endeko Hadzabe Survival Mjumbe Shani Mangola Olanake Community Fund Mjumbe Dalaly Julius Hadzabe Community Project Mjumbe Selemani Gawa Sandawe Mjumbe Jonas Majuka ALAPA Mjumbe Hadija S. Kwekwe Sandawe Mjumbe Joyce Syokinu LCDO Mjumbe Lightness Makundi MCIT Mjumbe Honest Njau MCIT Mjumbe Rogasian Lukoa PO-RALG Mjumbe Julius K. Megirory P. O. Kilosa Mjumbe Godwin Nagol MWADO Mjumbe Alais Maing'arana Ngong'oke Maasai Mjumbe Devotha Loth Mollel FELOCI Mjumbe Mike Ole Mokoro IPI- Lake Natron - Longido Mjumbe Yohana Parmeio TAPHGO Mjumbe Sarah Alakara PWC Mjumbe Faraja Mpina WMTH Mjumbe Riza Mbaga WMTH Mjumbe Albert Richard UCSAF Mjumbe Arnold Matoyo POPSM Katibu Agenda za kikao: (a) Kufungua kikao; (b) Maelezo ya Utangulizi; (c) Kupokea maoni; (d) Maazimio ya kikao; (e) Kufunga kikao. Kufungua kikao: Mwenyekiti alifungua kikao saa 3.30 asubuhi kwa kuwakaribisha wajumbe, na kutoa nafasi kwa kila mjumbe kujitambulisha. Aidha, mwenyekiti aliwapitisha wajumbe katika agenda za kikao ambapo wajumbe kwa pamoja waliziafiki na kukubaliana agenda husika. Maelezo ya Utangulizi: Mwenyekiti ALIWAELEZA wajumbe kuwa Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mawasiliano na Teknolojia ya Habari (WMTH) ipo katika maandalizi ya utekelezaji wa Programu ya Tanzania ya Kidijitali (DTP) inayotegemewa kufadhiliwa kwa mkopo kutoka Benki ya Dunia (WB). Pia, Mwenyekiti ALIWAELEZA wajumbe kuwa, lengo la Mradi pendekezwa wa DTP ni kuongeza upatikanaji wa huduma za mtandao wa Intaneti zilizo bora na kwa bei nafuu kwa serikali, wafanyabiashara na raia; na kuboresha uwezo wa Serikali kutoa huduma za umma za dijitali. Utekelezaji wa programu hii utafanyika kwa Awamu ya I (2021-2025) na Awamu ya Pili (2024-2029). Vipengele muhimu vitakavyohusika katika program husika ni Ekolojia ya Dijitali, Miundombinu ya Uunganishaji wa Kidijitali, Jukwaa la Huduma za serikali za Kidijitali, Usimamizi wa Miradi na Kipengele cha Kukabiliana na Dharura. Wasimamizi wakuu wa program hii ni WMTH kwa kushirikiana na Ofisi ya Rais- Menejimenti ya Utumishi wa Umma na Utawala Bora (OR-MUUUB). Mwisho, Mwenyekiti ALIWAJULISHA wajumbe kuwa WMTH imeitisha kikao hiki kwa ajili ya kushirikisha wadau zaidi wa kundi la Jamii za Pembezoni (Vulnerable Groups) kwenye nyaraka za Environmental and Social Management Framework - ESMF; Resettlement Policy Framework - RPF; Stakeholders Engagement Plan- SEP; Environmental and Social Commitment Plan – ESCP; na Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework - VGPF ikiwa ni hitaji jipya kwenye Mradi. Hivyo, kikao hiki ni mahususi kwa ajili ya kupata maoni ya wadau hao kuhusiana na mradi husika. Upokeaji wa Maoni: Wadau wote walipata fursa ya kutoa maoni/wazo au kuuliza swali. Kila mdau aliyetoa wazo ameandikwa kwa jina lake, wazo/oni/swali alilotoa pamoja na taasisi anayotoka. Majibu yote yalitotolewa ndani ya kikao, na endapo muhusika hakuridhika na jibu au alitaka kuuliza tena alipewa nafasi ya kuuliza au kutaka ufafanuzi Zaidi. Kiambatisho na. 1 kinaonyesha maoni/mawazo/maswali yote yaliyoulizwa pamoja na majibu yake. 57 Maazimio ya Kikao Wajumbe wa kikao kwa kauli moja walikubaliana kuwa Programu husika iendelee kwa utekelezaji. Hata hivyo walielekeza kuwa kufanyike maboresho kwenye maandiko ya mradi kutokana na maoni yaliyotolewa. Kufunga kikao Mwenyekiti aliwashukuru wajumbe kwa kuweza kuhudhuria na hivyo kufanikisha kikao husika, baada ya hapo alifunga kikao mnamo saa 08:00 Mchana. 58 THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-MCIT DIGITAL TANZANIA PROJECT-DTP QUESTIONs AND ANSWERs VULNERABLE GROUPS ADDITIONAL CONSULTATION CONFERENCE 10TH FEBRUARY 2021, TCRA HQ-DAR ES SALAM S/No. Name/Institution Question Raised/Issued Response 1. Alais Maing'arana - Are there any handouts/documents Various documents regarding the projects and Ngong'oke Maasai, provided regarding the project and what is safeguards were sent to the invitees. However Longido being delivered in this forum? How are you hard copies/soft copies will be available for prepared so that participants in this meeting the participants after the meeting. leave with something for knowledge and reference? 2. Mike Ole Mokoro - The idea of conceiving the Digital Tanzania  Stakeholders commendations for DTP well IPI- Lake Natron - Program (DTP) is well commended. appreciated by MCIT Longido However, some existing communications  MCIT as the ministry responsible for infrastructure are performing poorly by communication will ensure that the being very slow. It would have been better existing communications infrastructure that DTP addressed this challenge before performing poorly are fixed while implementing other new projects. implementing other new projects  The network will be strengthened in those areas so that they cannot get reliable and steady communication For successful implementation of the project  This has been taken on board and the PIU and achievement of the DTP objectives, it is has been instructed to ensure that such advised that a Task Team formed by the Task Teams are established and engaged Vulnerable Groups or Members from the during DTP implementation. Communities where the project will be  This will also be reflected in the implemented, to work closely with the Stakeholders Engagement Plan Project Implementation Unit during the implementation of the Program. This will help to know and give priority to areas which are in great need of the communication infrastructures. 3. Through the DTP, the feasibility studies or  This comment has been taken and the PIU requirements gathering should also include will ensure that the feasibility studies or underserved/remote areas such as villages requirements gathering will also include located in Namanga Area-Arusha, where underserved/remote areas such as villages communication is very poor. located in Namanga Area-Arusha, where Towers/communication infrastructure in communication is very poor. these remote areas will greatly address the challenge. 4. Julius K. Megirory – How will the Government assist to enable all This largely due to different business interests Parakuyo Telcom companies (Airtel, Tigo, Vodacom, of the mobile companies on investment Organization Kilosa, Halotel and TTCL) to be accessible in in the decisions. But since 2018, the Government has Mfugaji remote areas. In such areas, you can find it is enacted legislation to prevent the possible to access only services from one accumulation of towers from separate company and not the rest. operators. The law requires mobile operators to install their equipment in a co-location thus reducing investment cost. This will attract other operators to install their equipment in areas where they were not present. There is a suspicion with Airtel bundles, Regarding complaints from a large number of which seem to expire prematurely. The citizens about mobile phone bundles expiring Government is requested to work on this. prematurely, the Government has seen this and is working on the issue. There will be a permanent solution by March, 2021. 5. Athumani Magadula The Vulnerable Groups such as the Hadza,  This is taken and will be presented to the - Hadzabe Survival Akiye, Sandawe etc. depend entirely on appropriate authority. nature for their food and livelihood. The  The Government shall involve include the Government should include them in all Vulnerable Groups all environment related environmental related efforts by form Task efforts through the Task Forces formed Forces among them who will work closely among them who will work closely with with the Government in various the Government in various environmental environmental conservation efforts. There conservation efforts. should be measures other than legislations  There will be efforts through DTP to reach for environmental conservation. the Vulnerable Groups by providing regular public awareness to different communities. 6. Shani Msafiri Since the communities living in remote areas  This is taken and will be considered for Mangola – will not directly benefit from some of the new implementation by including it in the OLANAKE technologies brought by DTP, it is prudent to implementation plan of the relevant sub- Community Fund see how they are going to benefit from some project. DTP initiatives such as including them in postcode implementation. It would be more beneficial to such societies like putting their locations in digital maps, having signage in their areas which would make it easier to access for other social services. 7. Sarah Alakara - PWC The societies living in the remote areas really  The Government will see how to conduct need this project. Digital literacy is much literacy programs through the use of required in those areas. In the literacy alternative materials including visual programs we should prepare various images so that Vulnerable Groups get clear materials to suit different groups such as understanding of the project those who do not how to read and write, those who only know their vernacular language, people with special needs etc. Other innovative means can also be used like coding instead of using writings. Societies in the remote areas are eagerly The Government will see how to conduct waiting for projects such as DTP. literacy programs through the use of Communication is facing barriers in those alternative materials including visual images areas because only few individuals own so that Vulnerable Groups get clear phones. How is the project prepared to understanding of the project remove such communication barriers? Example of such areas are Loliondo, Simanjiro, Longido and Karatu How is the project prepared to benefit equally The scope of the project covers all areas in all groups in the remote areas? remote areas that is those with minimal or no communication at all and they are not attracting telco business investors. How is the public going to be sensitized on  Sensitization is going to be conducted cybercrimes and related legislations? including the use of alternative materials such as visual images  Sensitization programs and priorities for marginalized communities will be closely monitored We have our culture and norms which The project through VGPF will protect culture sometimes are impaired by some web and norms as stipulated in the draft content. How are we prepared to protect our Document. cultures and norms? On the issues resettlement or compensation if This will be clearly stated in the SEP. It will it involves irreplaceable land or bodies then explain which strategies will be used to avoid great efforts should be taken to bypass them irreplaceable lands or bodies. and if it becomes very necessary to be acquired that appropriate and fair compensation should be given. 8. Mike Ole Mokoro Development projects initiated by the World This is taken for consideration. IPI- Lake Natron - Bank and other development partners Longido stimulates innovative ideas among local experts. TTCL has a large coverage countrywide even reaching some remote areas. We should think of utilizing the existing TTCL infrastructure to reach those remote areas and even facilitate the Village Executive Officers (VEO) to avail reliable communications. 9. Devotha Loth Mollel Public awareness on DTP is critical to the This has been taken, apart from using other - FELOCI Vulnerable Groups so as to get their means, local languages of the community will acceptance and support. It is therefore be used in public awareness and sensitization imperative for public awareness be programs. conducted through various means including using their local languages or signs. 10. Gideon Sanago- Observed that in the course of DTP This is well taken. The DTP Stakeholders PINGOS Forum preparation, stakeholders have been engaged engagement has been conducted into different in the final stages. It is advised that such groups including NGOs. Government engagement start in the early stage of the Institutions and CSOs and all comments raised projects design. where used to enrich the Social safeguards draft document at present. The same will be included in the document to finalize necessary steps. Some issues that need to be addressed in the These comments have been taken and will be documents: - used to enrich the documents. i. How to improve access to ICT facilities i. This is one of the initiatives in to benefit marginalized communities component two of the project for example 2GB should be upgraded whereby Implementation will be to to 4GB upgrade cell towers to 3G and above ii. Access center are aimed to be ii. Absence of access centers and System established within the soft centers platforms iii. The Draft documents entails how Grievances will be managed by iii. How to resolve conflicts involving developing Grievances natural resources and how management (GRM) compensations are going to be paid, iv. The project will adhere to cultural compensation on cultural heritage heritage and this is well stipulated sites etc. in the ESMF, RPF, SEP, LMP, etc., iv. Loss of cultural and traditional and this cut across the practices, unforeseeable risks. communicable diseases and the v. How to address issues of means of addressing them. communicable diseases at project v. The draft Document entails how sites/camps located in remote areas. best Digital literacy and knowledge vi. How child labour is going to be dealt will be provided to each group that with. might be affected with the Project , the ecosystem and areas that are vii. How the children of the indigenous protected are covered in the people around the area where the ESCP,ESMF and VGP to ensure the projects are going to be implemented project does not affect the ecosystem will benefit. and land occupation is also viii. Issues of ecosystem services stipulated in the RPF to ensure the that the indigenous people rely on (e.g VGs are protected. honey, fruits etc.). How construction will not affect their environment. ix. Exclusion of VGs and benefits accrued to them. x. Loss of ownership of traditional land. In the documents prepared, the term In the WB Policy, “prior consent� is normally “consultation� features more prominently applied when the project is being than the term “consent�. Why “consultation� implemented. “Consultation� and not “consent�? may be used during project planning. However, the use of “consultation� does not necessarily mean that there was no consent from the Vulnerable Groups. 11. Selemani Gawa - In terms of connectivity, the country is well The issue of employment is cross-cutting so it Sandawe connected to some extent but the Sandawe will be submitted to other relevant authorities. are marginalized in this aspect. There are cases where you find a Sandawe has applied for a job but due to lack of communication does not get the response on time and therefore misses the job opportunity. On compensation for land taken for tower More public awareness and sensitizations will construction in the Sandawe land, it is time be conducted to build common understanding the Ministry revisits the contracts. Some of before entering into any Land purchase the contracts were dubiously entered and contracts. some of the landowners were not properly compensated. Great consideration to be done on the use of This is taken. alternative routes/location for construction that will involve lands hosting cultural and historical sites. How are the interests of the whole Steps to handle grievances for Telcom community protected when there is a loss Costumers. First call the service provider of caused in the course of accessing the subscribed company for example Tigo, communication services and there is no Vodacom, TTCL Airtel then ask the particulars immediate assistance? Advise the Ministry to of the Customer care/operator with known come up with a solution to prevent losses reference Number and then call TCRA for when they occur online. more assistance on 0800008272. When not satisfied the matter should be brought to the Ministry mandated form Communication 12. Sarah Alakara-PWC At what level should the issue of community Community participation is for all, The PIU Arusha participation be addressed? Many of the will ensure that the stakeholders are well decisions reached do not reach the informed with the implementation of the community. It is important for community project through involvement of the Task members to be informed and to understand Forces which are going to be formulated. everything. You find the VEO or the Chairman is responsible and then there is no feedback from the community members. Define at what level and full info should be provided back to the community members. The project should not be carried out in This is noted and will also be submitted to isolation when deploying the towers. NIDA other relevant authorities should also be involved to prepare itself for plans on registration to all eligible inhabitants. When promoting business, social services to This is well noted. And will be strategized in the indigenous people should also be the SEP and during the Implementation of the included to obtain more information. Project Training should include trainers from the indigenous people. NIDA should go and sensitize the One should have one line on one network communities on National Identity Cards If there is a need to have two lines on one because you find one person with one NIDA network there is a need to apply for a TCRA ID registering the lines for other persons with permit. They were advised to use the available the same identity card and sometimes it network not choosing among the operators. happens that the whole village register their The Government will do assessment in the sim cards using a single ID. for example, in mentioned areas and advice accordingly. Longido, Karatu, Loliondo, Kilosa, Monduli and Simanjiro 13. Julius K. Megirory – About pastoralists doing livestock business This is well noted and will seek a meeting with Parakuyo Organization digitally. There is a communication challenge NIDA to discuss on the solution for this. Kilosa, Mfugaji in the registration of sim cards. If you do not have an ID you cannot register. So as to remove this challenge all Tanzanians should be facilitated to get an ID to avoid registering multiple users with a single ID. 14. Yohana Parmeio - During the implementation, the Community This is well noted and will be addressed on TAPHGO Leaders and CSO should be closely involved SEP and monitored during Implementation so that the community remains well informed. 15. Hadija Salum Chemba Commending the Government of Tanzania This is well noted. The ministry will inform Sandawe for recognizing marginalized communities appropriate authorities to have strategies in and supporting their inclusion. Regular inclusion of Vulnerable groups in different awareness should be provided to the initiatives and the proper language for stakeholders and in future such sessions communication needs to adhered should be conducted in Kiswahili. Attendance Lists . 79 80 81 THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MCIT) DIGITAL TANZANIA PROJECT-DTP CONFIRMATION OF ATTENDANCE FORM FOR ADDITIONAL CONSULTATION WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF VULNERABLE GROUPS REPRESENTATIVES 10th FEBRUARY 2021, DAR ES SALAAM Date of Response to (Send via mail) Mobile No. Comments S/No. Institution Confirmation Confirmation Hadzabe 03/02/2021 Dalaly Julius dalalyhadza@gmail.com 0759 479 527 Confirmed and link shared 1. Community Indaya dalaliindaya@gmail.com Project Mang’ora Eyasi 2. Maasai Women 03/02/2021 Ndinini mwedo@habari.co.tz 0784 210 839 Confirmed and link shared Development Kimewera Organization Sikar (MWEDO) 3. PINGO’s Forum 03/02/2021 Neema eporokwa@pingosforum.or.tz 0786 542 525 Confirmed and link shared info@pingosforum.or.tz 4. PINGOs Forum 03/02/2021 Gideon Sanago info@pingosforum.or.tz, 0754 479 815 Confirmed and link shared eporakwa@gmail.com 5. PINGOs Forum 03/02/2021 Navaya navayand@gmail.com 0754 453 192 Confirmed and link shared Ndaskoi nndaskoi@pingosforum.or.tz 6. Haki-ardhi Land 03/02/2021 Consalva info@hakiardhi.org 0784 646 752 Confirmed and link shared Rights and tomitho@hakiardhi.or.tz Resources chiombola@hakiardhi.or.tz Institute 7. TAPHGO - 03/02/2021 David Haraka taphgo200@habari.co.tz 0752 810 068 Confirmed and link shared Date of Response to (Send via mail) Mobile No. Comments S/No. Institution Confirmation Confirmation Tanzania Pastoralist Hunter & Gatherers Organization 8. Ingoing’ok e Maa 03/02/2021 Judith meingarana@yahoo.com 0787 839747 Confirmed and link shared Meing’arana 0787 845 268 9. SANDAWE 03/02/2021 Natalina Oscar gawasuleiman@gmail.com 0784971 429 Confirmed and link shared 10. SANDAWE 03/02/2021 Selemani gawasuleiman@gmail.com 0756 823 189 Confirmed and link shared Gawaa 11. Longido 03/02/2021 Confirmed Community Joyce Siokino joycenaini@yahoo.com 0787 850 400 Development Organization (LCDO) 12. The Eastern 03/02/2021 Yannick yannick@testtrust.org 0786 744 663 Confirmed Serengeti Trust Ndoinyo (TEST) 13 03/02/2021 Confirmed Baraza la Mr. Lendukay lendukimay@gmail.com 0759 319 383 Wafugaji L. Kimay Ngorongoro 14 Kilosa Parakuyo 03/02/2021 Julius Megirori 0687 998 899 Confirmed Organization 15 UCRT - Ujamaa 03/02/2021 Mr Edward info@ujamaa-urct.org 0767 568 444 Confirmed Community Lekaita. Resource Team 16 Foundation for 03/02/2021 Yonas masiaya feloci2019@gmail.com 0783 317 316 Confirmed empowering Local laizerjonas@gmail.com Date of Response to (Send via mail) Mobile No. Comments S/No. Institution Confirmation Confirmation Community Innitiatives 17. Hadzabe Survival 03/02/2021 Athuman hadzabesurvival@yahoo.com 0747 445 587 Confirmed Council Magundula Chairman 18. Hadzabe Survival 03/02/2021 Endoke hadzabesurvival@yahoo.com 0738 205 140 Confirmed Council Director 19. Association for 03/02/2021 Saitoti Loure info@alapa.or.tz, 0762 020 121 Confirmed Law and alapapastoralists2010@gmail.c Advocacy for om Pastoralists (ALAPA) 20. PWC - Pastoralist 04/02/2021 Maanda pwctanzania@gmail.com 0767 237 470 Confirmed Women Council Ngoitiko Director 21. Parakuiyo 04/02/2021 Adam Atatuma email 0756 316 184 Confirmed Pastoralists Mwarabu Indigenous Coordinator Community Development Org (PAICODEO) 22. Pastoralist 04/02/2021 Saruni palitapi@yahoo.com 0768 200 073 Confirmed Livelihoods Ndelenya initiatives of (Executive Tanzania Director) (PALITA) 23. MWADO Tanzania 04/02/2021 Godwin Nagol mwedo@habari.co.tz 0767 616 533 Confirmed Coordinator 24. PALISEDO 04/02/2021 Abraham abraleposo74@gmail.com 0789 666 097 Confirmed Lengine Date of Response to (Send via mail) Mobile No. Comments S/No. Institution Confirmation Confirmation 25. Irkisongo 04/02/2021 Mike Ole lakenatron@gmail.com, 0788 424 689 Confirmed Pastoralist Mokoro info@ipitanzania.org Initiative (IPI) - LAKE NATRON