2 0 0 5 C D F P R O G R E S S R E P O R T ENABLING COUNTRY CAPACITY to ACHIEVERESULTS The Comprehensive El Marco Integral Le Cadre de Development Framework de Desarrollo développement intégré Long-Term Holistic Vision Visión holística a largo plazo Vision globale à long terme · Coherent long-term vision · Visión coherente a largo plazo · Vision cohérente à long terme · Medium-term strategy derived · Estrategia a mediano plazo derivada · Stratégie à moyen terme dérivée from vision de la visión de la vision · Country-specific development targets · Metas de desarrollo específicas para · Objectifs de développement el país spécifiques au pays · Holistic, balanced and well- · Estrategia integral, equilibrada · Stratégie globale, équilibrée sequenced strategy y sucesiva et consécutive · Capacity and resources for · Capacidad y recursos para la · Capacité et ressources pour la mise implementation implementación en oeuvre Country Ownership Identificación del país con las iniciativas Appropriation par le pays · Government initiative · Iniciativa gubernamental · Initiative du gouvernement · Institutional mechanisms for · Mecanismos institucionales para la · Mécanismes institutionnels pour la stakeholder involvement participación de los interesados participation des parties prenantes · Civil society involvement · Participación de la sociedad civil · Participation de la société civile · Private sector involvement · Participación del sector privado · Participation du secteur privé · Parliamentary involvement · Participación parlamentaria · Participation du parlement · Capacity to formulate strategy, e.g. · Capacidad para formular estrategias, · Capacité pour la formulation des distribution of skills and resources e.g. distribución de habilidades stratégies, p. ex. distribution de y recursos compétences et ressources Country-led Partnership Relación de colaboración dirigida Partenariat piloté par le pays por el propio país · Government leadership of · Liderazgo gubernamental de la · Direction gouvernementale de la coordination coordinación coordination · Partners' assistance strategy · Alineamiento de las estrategias de · Alignement des stratégies de alignment cooperación de los asociados coopération des partenaires · Financial and analytical partnership · Colaboración financiera y analítica · Partenariat financier et analytique · Coherent and coordinated capacity · Apoyo coherente y coordinado hacia · Appui cohérent et coordonné à la support la formación de capacidad formation de capacité · Harmonization with country systems · Armonización con los sistemas · Harmonisation avec les systèmes del país du pays · Partnership organization · Organización de la cooperación · Organisation du partenariat internacional Results focus Orientación hacia los resultados Priorité donné aux résultats · Quality of development information · Calidad de la información sobre · Qualité de l'information liée au el proceso de desarrollo processus de développement · Stakeholder access to development · Acceso de los interesados a la · Accès des parties prenantes information información sobre el desarrollo à l'information en matière de développement · Coordinated country level monitoring · Coordinación del monitoreo y · Coordination du suivi et de and evaluation evaluación a nivel nacional l'évaluation au niveau national WORLD BANK OPERATIONS POLICY AND COUNTRY SERVICES ENABLING COUNTRY CAPACITY TO ACHIEVE RESULTS VOLUME II: COUNTRY PROFILES 2005 CDF PROGRESS REPORT http://www.worldbank.org/cdf The World Bank Washington D.C. July 2005 LEXICON OF POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES AND TRANSITIONAL RESULTS MATRICES Albania: National Strategy for Socio-Economic Development Kenya: Investment Programme for the Economic Recovery (NSSED) Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation (IP-ERS) Armenia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Kyrgyz Republic: Expanding the Country's Capacities Azerbaijan: State Programme on Poverty Reduction and (NPRS) Economic Development (SPPRED) Lao PDR: National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy Bangladesh: Unlocking the Potential: National Strategy for (NGPES) Accelerated Poverty Reduction (forthcoming) Lesotho: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (forthcoming) Benin: Document de Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté (PRSP) (DSRP) Liberia: Results-Focused Transition Framework (RFTF) Bhutan: Cover Note to the Ninth Plan Main Document Madagascar: Document de Stratégie pour la Réduction de la (PRSP) Pauvreté (DSRP) Bolivia: Estrategia Boliviana para la Reducción de la Malawi: Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (MPRSP) Pobreza (EBRP) Mali: Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté (CSLP) Bosnia and Herzegovina: Medium Term Development Mauritania: Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté Strategy (MTDS) (CSLP) Burkina Faso: Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté Moldova: Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (CSLP II) Paper (EGPRSP) Burundi: Cadre Stratégique de Croissance et de Lutte contre Mongolia: Economic Growth Support and Poverty Reduction la Pauvreté (CSLP) (forthcoming) Strategy (EGSPRS) Cambodia: National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS) Mozambique: Plano de Acção para a Redução da Pobreza Cameroon: Document de Stratégie de Lutte contre la Absoluta (PARPA) Pauvreté (DSRP) Nepal: The Tenth Plan (PRSP) Cape Verde: Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Nicaragua: Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Operativo (PNDO) (GPRS) (forthcoming) Central African Republic: Cadre Stratégique de Lutte Niger: Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) contre la Pauvreté (CSLP) (forthcoming) Pakistan: Accelerating Economic Growth and Reducing Chad: Stratégie National de Réduction de la Pauvreté Poverty: The Road Ahead (PRSP) (SNRP) Rwanda: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Congo, Democratic Republic of: Document Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté (DSRP) (forthcoming) Sao Tome and Principe: Estratégia nacional de redução da pobreza (NPRS) Congo, Republic of: Document Intérimaire de Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSRPI) Senegal: Document de Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSRP) Cote d'Ivoire: Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP) Serbia and Montenegro: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Djibouti: Document Stratégique de Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSRP) Sierra Leone: National Programme for Food Security, Job Creation and Good Governance (PRSP) Dominica: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) (forthcoming) Sri Lanka: Regaining Sri Lanka: Vision and Strategy for Accelerated Development (PRS) Ethiopia: Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP) Sudan: Framework for Sustained Peace, Development and Poverty Eradication Gambia, The: Strategy for Poverty Alleviation II (SPA II) Tajikistan: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Georgia: Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Program (EDPRP) Tanzania: National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) (forthcoming) Ghana: Agenda for Growth and Prosperity (GPRS) Timor-Leste: National Development Plan (NDP) Guinea: Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté (SRP) Uganda: Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) Guinea-Bissau: National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS) (forthcoming) Vietnam: Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS) Guyana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Yemen: Third Five-year Socioeconomic Development Plan Haiti: Cadre de Coopération Intérimaire (CCI) (forthcoming) Honduras: Estrategia para la Reducción de la Pobreza Zambia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) (ERP) FOREWORD T his study is about the implementation progress. Volume II Comprehensive Development presents profiles of the 59 countries, Framework (CDF) and the Poverty prepared as background to document Reduction Strategy (PRS) process. The progress on 20 indicators, presented in CDF principles--long-term holistic Volume I Box 5, to assess CDF vision, country ownership, country-led implementation. A summary of partnership and results focus--have implementation of the CDF principles by underpinned the PRS process since its country is also included in the CD. inception;1 in low-income countries, the The profiles build on desk research PRS has become the instrument for drawing on country specific long-term implementing the CDF. In Low-Income vision statements; PRSs; PRS Progress Countries Under Stress (LICUS), Reports; Joint Staff Assessments and Joint Transitional Results Matrices (TRM) help launch a PRS approach.2 Staff Advisory Notes; TRMs; Consultative Group and Roundtable meeting documents; The study assesses the PRS reviews or case studies prepared operational application of the CDF within and outside the World Bank; loan principles through the formulation and and grant documents; the OECD/DAC implementation of PRSs and TRMs in Survey on Harmonization and Alignment; 59 countries. It identifies good practice websites; and the assistance strategies examples from which countries in the prepared by the main development process of consolidating a long- and assistance agencies active in each country. medium-term country-owned The desk research was supplemented with development framework can learn, and interviews or written comments from World draws some operational implications for Bank country staff, and written responses to external partners to help deepen the use a questionnaire, presented in Annex 1, sent of the CDF principles to make better use to the heads of other key development of development resources. Volume I assistance agencies active in the countries. provides an overview of CDF The profiles reflect information available through end-March 2005, with the 1 exception of the profiles on Haiti, Liberia, IMF and World Bank (1999), Building Poverty Reduction Strategies in Developing Countries: Sudan and Timor-Leste, which were Development Committee Communiqué and prepared at a later stage with inputs from Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers-Operational World Bank country staff, and reflect Issues. Washington DC. information available through end-May 2TRMs have been piloted in the Central African 2005. Republic, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan and Timor-Leste. See UN Development Group and World Bank A preliminary draft of this study (2005), An Operational Note on Transitional was discussed at the Roundtable Results Matrices. Using Results-Based Frameworks in Fragile States, "Unleashing and Strengthening Capacities available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/I in Partner and Donor Countries" during the NTLICUS/PoliciesandGuidance/20330632/Oper High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, ational%20Note%20on%20TRMs.pdf iii Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 4 Foreword held in Paris in February/March 2005, country assessments. Shobha Kumar and and the seminar "Unleashing Capacities Jeeyeon Seo (WBI) gave invaluable to Achieve the MDGs" hosted by UNDP assistance during the e-discussion. Saydeh in Bergen, Norway, in May 2005. An e- Shammas (OPCS) provided strong discussion was held from March 14 to logistical support. Cynthia Delgadillo April 8, 2005, to invite comments on the (OPCS) and Tomoko Hirata (GSD) helped conclusions, implications and country with the publication. profiles before finalizing them. The The authors would like to thank the study contributed to the forthcoming World Bank country teams and the Joint World Bank/IMF 2005 Review of representatives of ADB, AFD, AfDB, the Poverty Reduction Strategy Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Approach: Balancing Accountabilities Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Scaling-Up Results. It also CIDA, Commonwealth Secretariat, contributed to the formulation of the DANIDA, DFID, EBRD, EC, French targets, assessment criteria and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, German definitions for two of the twelve Ministry of Foreign Affairs, GTZ, IDB, progress indicators in the Paris IPA, Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. JBIC, JICA, KfW, MCC, Netherlands The study was prepared by a Ministry of Foreign Affairs, SDC, SIDA, team led by Janet Entwistle (OPCS), and SNV Netherlands Development comprising Filippo Cavassini, Eva Organization, UNDP, UNICEF and Natali, and Claudia Zambra (OPCS). USAID, for their invaluable contributions Pablo Guerrero (OPCS) provided to the country profiles. A detailed list of invaluable guidance, encouragement, those who contributed is presented in and support. Engilbert Gudmundsson Annex 2. (CFP) contributed extensively to the ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AECI Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional AFD Agence Française de Développement AFRISTAT L'Observatoire Economique et Statistique d'Afrique Subsaharienne BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina BMZ Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung CAF Corporación Andina de Fomento CARTAC Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Center CBO Community-based organization CDC Centers for Disease Control CDB Caribbean Development Bank CDF Comprehensive Development Framework CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment CG Consultative Group CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CPAR Country Procurement Assessment Review CSO Civil Society Organization CWIQ Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire DAC Development Assistance Committee DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DFID Department For International Development DCI Development Cooperation Ireland DSRP Document Stratégique de Réduction de la Pauvreté EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Commission EIB European Investment Bank EIU Economist Intelligence Unit EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GEF Global Environment Facility GF Global Fund for Aids, Tubercolosis and Malaria GNI Gross National Income GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für technische Zusammenarbeit HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEO Independent Evaluation Office IFAD International Fund for Agriculture and Development IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IPRS Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy ITC International Trade Centre JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency v Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results vi Acronyms KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau KIPPRA Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis LICUS Low-Income Country Under Stress M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MCA Millennium Challenge Account MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation MDGs Millennium Development Goals MECOVI Mejoramiento de las encuestas de hogares y la medición de condiciones de vida MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development NGO Non-Governmental Organization NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation ODA Official Development Assistance ODI Overseas Development Institute OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States OED Operations Evaluation Department OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe PER Public Expenditure Review PPA Participatory Poverty Assessment PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy PRSC Poverty Reduction Support Credit PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper RT Roundtable SAA Stabilization and Association Agreement SAp Stabilization and Association process SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SECO Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation SPA Strategic Partnership with Africa STATCAP Statistical Capacity Building SWAps Sector-Wide Approaches TRM Transitional Results Matrix UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNCT United Nations Country Team UNDP United Nations Development Program UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund USA United States of America USAID United States Agency for International Development VENRO Verband Entwicklungspolitik deutscher Nichtregierungsorganisationen WHO World Health Organization CONTENTS FOREWORD........................................................................................................................iii ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................................... v COUNTRY PROFILES ALBANIA........................................................................................................................ 1 ARMENIA ....................................................................................................................... 5 AZERBAIJAN ................................................................................................................ 10 BANGLADESH .............................................................................................................. 15 BENIN .......................................................................................................................... 19 BHUTAN....................................................................................................................... 24 BOLIVIA....................................................................................................................... 28 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ........................................................................................ 34 BURKINA FASO ............................................................................................................ 38 BURUNDI...................................................................................................................... 43 CAMBODIA................................................................................................................... 49 CAMEROON.................................................................................................................. 56 CAPE VERDE................................................................................................................ 62 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC ..................................................................................... 67 CHAD........................................................................................................................... 72 CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF............................................................................ 77 CONGO, REPUBLIC OF .................................................................................................. 83 COTE D'IVOIRE ............................................................................................................ 86 DJIBOUTI...................................................................................................................... 91 DOMINICA.................................................................................................................... 95 ETHIOPIA ..................................................................................................................... 98 GAMBIA, THE............................................................................................................. 103 GEORGIA.................................................................................................................... 107 GHANA ...................................................................................................................... 112 GUINEA...................................................................................................................... 119 GUINEA-BISSAU......................................................................................................... 124 GUYANA .................................................................................................................... 128 HAITI ......................................................................................................................... 132 HONDURAS ................................................................................................................ 139 KENYA....................................................................................................................... 145 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC.................................................................................................... 151 LAO PDR................................................................................................................... 156 LESOTHO.................................................................................................................... 161 LIBERIA...................................................................................................................... 166 MADAGASCAR ........................................................................................................... 172 MALAWI .................................................................................................................... 176 MALI ......................................................................................................................... 181 MAURITANIA ............................................................................................................. 185 vii Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results viii Contents MOLDOVA.................................................................................................................. 189 MONGOLIA................................................................................................................. 195 MOZAMBIQUE............................................................................................................ 200 NEPAL........................................................................................................................ 206 NICARAGUA............................................................................................................... 211 NIGER ........................................................................................................................ 217 PAKISTAN .................................................................................................................. 221 RWANDA.................................................................................................................... 228 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE .......................................................................................... 235 SENEGAL.................................................................................................................... 238 SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO ....................................................................................... 243 SIERRA LEONE ........................................................................................................... 248 SRI LANKA................................................................................................................. 254 SUDAN ....................................................................................................................... 258 TAJIKISTAN................................................................................................................ 263 TANZANIA.................................................................................................................. 267 TIMOR-LESTE ............................................................................................................ 273 UGANDA .................................................................................................................... 280 VIETNAM ................................................................................................................... 286 YEMEN....................................................................................................................... 293 ZAMBIA...................................................................................................................... 297 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................... 301 ANNEXES 1: QUESTIONNAIRE SENT TO EXTERNAL PARTNERS .................................................... 342 2: CREDITS................................................................................................................. 343 INDEX.............................................................................................................................. 352 COUNTRY PROFILES ALBANIA Long-term holistic vision Albania ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The overarching long-term vision is EU membership through the SAp, alongside Long-Term Holistic Vision other visions like NATO membership. Recently, political parties agreed to embark on a long-term visioning exercise with the support of the Carter Center. The Country- Country led expected outcome of this exercise is a Ownership Partnership long-term vision that will consolidate both long-term development goals and the political and institutional goals of the SAp. Results Focus Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments Albania has several medium-term for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all strategies, and efforts are underway in criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would 2005 to integrate the various strategies therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. under a single framework in line with the long-term vision. Of the ongoing emphasis on private sector development, strategies, only the National Strategy for energy, infrastructure, and cross-sectoral Socio-Economic Development (NSSED) issues like gender, the environment and maps out a detailed plan for development. decentralization. Efforts are underway to The SAp lays out a political, institutional improve the NSSED's consistency with and economic orientation plan, which the SAp; these coincide in the areas of must be implemented prior to improved governance, fiscal discipline, consideration for accession to the EU. and economic and social transformation. The NSSED is Albania's PRS, comprising a Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy The NSSED is the only strategy that (GPRS) initially covering the period is linked to the budget process through a 2002-04, and an updated Action Plan for MTEF. A MTEF has been in place since 2004-07, included in its most recent the adoption of the NSSED. The MTEF, Progress Report.3 The Government has however, proved to be inadequate with its incorporated the attainment of the MDGs optimistic expenditure projections, weak into the NSSED through the Action Plan. links both to a Medium-Term Budget Plan and the annual budget, and no The strategy is well-balanced, as it contingency plans for revenue shortfalls. incorporates the social sectors, namely The MTEF exercise has been updated health and education, and places a strong during the finalization of the second Progress Report (Action Plan 2004-07) of the NSSED. It has also led to better 3The NSSED was completed in November 2001. prioritization in sectoral allocations in The second Progress Report, which includes the annual budgets in line with the NSSED Action Plan 2004-07, was completed in April 2004, and the first in May 2003. priorities, through use of priority 1 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 2 Albania coefficients. Although these procedures formulation and implementation. CSOs are in place, there is little progress in participated in NSSED formulation linking M&E with the budget process. through the Steering Committee and the Sector Technical Working Groups. Four Country ownership sectoral civil society advisory groups The Minister of Finance had a lead role in worked with ministry working groups on the NSSED's formulation and now sector strategies. A National Civil Society implementation, and chairs the Inter- Advisory Group (NCSAG) was created ministerial NSSED Group, which with selected members from the sectoral organized governmental participation groups. The Carter Center organized during initial formulation and Progress consultations for CSOs in twelve different Report preparation. During formulation, a sites. Upon completion of the draft Steering Committee and Sector Technical GPRS, the Government presented it to the Working Groups were set up. A NSSED NCSAG for review and comments. CSOs Department was formed within the also participated in progress report Ministry of Finance to coordinate all consultations. NSSED matters, including M&E during The private sector has had steady implementation. The Government recently participation in consultations for the established a Technical Secretariat NSSED. The private sector was involved (including NSSED, Ministry of Economy, in two rounds of GPRS consultations, led Ministry of European Integration and by the Ministry of Economic Cooperation Department of Policy Administration) to and Trade. Private sector representatives improve policy coordination during also participated in the consultations and NSSED implementation and to facilitate discussions on the two progress reports on development assistance coordination. the NSSED. Consultations with stakeholders Members of Parliament participated continue to take place during in consultations for NSSED formulation implementation of the NSSED. The and Progress Report preparation, but they Carter Center and other external partners have not substantiated this role since the led consultations during formulation of formulation phase. Consultations were the NSSED and the first Progress Report. held exclusively with members of The NSSED Department coordinated 25 Parliament, with OSCE cooperation, to sectoral and regional consultations for the discuss the enlargement of the NSSED's second Progress Report through the Inter- scope. The Parliamentary Committee on ministerial NSSED Group and through the Economy, Finance and Privatization has coordination of external partner become a part of the M&E process. The facilitators, like the OSCE, the Carter Committee, however, is not included Center, OXFAM, the Soros Foundation, formally in any of the established M&E etc. The Government hosted a national mechanisms. Parliament did not approve conference and two roundtables with the NSSED or its progress reports. stakeholders, to discuss methods for Approval of development planning is not implementing a more participatory M&E a constitutional requirement, although system. Parliament is required to approve the The Government is increasing its budget on a yearly basis. Frequent efforts to involve civil society in NSSED Parliamentary dissolutions in past years have made it difficult for Parliament to Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 3 Albania establish itself as a substantial partner Minister and key government officials during NSSED implementation. participate in the quarterly meetings, and Capacity is a major obstacle to the also maintain close contact with the NSSED's implementation, fueled by Donor Technical Secretariat through political instability and rival party regular meetings of the Joint Technical loyalties at every level of government. Secretariat. There is some capacity for policy The absence of an integrated national formulation, but less so for development strategy has hindered implementation and analysis. Capacity external partners' alignment. The five enhancement is a Government priority, major external partners are the World and progress is underway, particularly in Bank, the USA, Greece, the EU and Italy, the area of decentralization. accounting for approximately 79 percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA Country-led partnership accounted for 5.4 percent of GNI in 2003. 4 The Government is beginning to take the The World Bank's Country Assistance lead in coordinating external assistance Strategy FY02-05 supports the NSSED, and has assigned this responsibility to the and the updated strategy will continue to Ministry of Finance. A new Joint do so. Assistance strategies prepared by Technical Secretariat is in place, the EC, Italy and Germany explicitly comprising the Government's Technical support the SAp. USAID's FY05 Secretariat and the Donor Technical Congressional Budget Justification also Secretariat, currently chaired by the EC provides explicit support for the SAp. In and including the World Bank, the OSCE 2004 Albania was selected to apply for a and UNDP. The Joint Technical Threshold Program, managed by the MCC Secretariat is working on the integration and USAID, to help countries work of the Government's development toward MCA eligibility. strategy, coordination and alignment of Partnerships are beginning to form external partners around an integrated around financial and analytical support. A strategy, and lastly, harmonization of pilot transport sector SWAp is under procedures. The Government is also discussion by the Government and the designing an Integrated Planning System, Infrastructure Steering Group (EC, EIB, which will improve the management of EBRD, the World Bank, etc.). The World domestic and external investment in line Bank is providing budget support through with the integrated strategy, as well as the a series of PRSCs; three have been MTEF. The World Bank and the EC co- approved so far. The EU is planning to chaired the last CG, which was held in approve its first budget support to the Brussels in 2001. Government in 2005 in coordination with External partners coordinate their the World Bank. activities mainly through a newly created There is no overall capacity-building scheme for external partner coordination. strategy jointly supported by external This scheme is based on more than 25 partners, and capacity support is external partners' Thematic Groups, the fragmented and often duplicative. Donor Technical Secretariat, and a quarterly meeting of the Ambassadors and heads of agencies. The Deputy Prime 4 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/55/36/23730449.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 4 Albania European partners are providing capacity data collection agency, however, the building support consistent with quality and timeliness of information is governance and decentralization inconsistent and efforts to coordinate with initiatives in accordance with the SAp. other agencies are in their early stages. The World Bank started work on Economic and budget data in the latest statistical capacity building efforts, Progress Report and national accounts is namely a Statistical Master Plan under inconsistent. A Living Standards STATCAP, which will involve all Measurement Survey was carried out in external partners and the Government. 2003 and 2004, and a new survey is The Government plans to formulate a planned in 2005. There is no integrated joint capacity-building effort to support financial management system. the Integrated Planning System. The public's awareness of the The Government has shown interest NSSED, although improving slowly, in working with external partners toward remains low. There are casual attempts by harmonization with country systems. The the Government to disseminate NSSED- Joint Technical Secretariat is the forum related information. The NSSED is for discussion on harmonization, but there available on the website for the Ministry are no serious attempts by the of Finance in Albanian and English.5 In Government to lead the effort prior to the 2001, when the NSSED was officially development of an integrated strategy. introduced, UNICEF helped the There are few initiatives to harmonize Government run a public campaign with procedures, and these are led by external brochures, posters, radio and television partners within individual projects. ads and talk shows, all in Albanian. Harmonization with country systems will Currently, there are no plans for launching require upfront improvements in another similar communication campaign. procurement and financial management The M&E system has peripheral procedures. improvements, but much room for External partners' decision-making progress in its overall coordination and takes place at the centralized level. The alignment with development targets. In World Bank's Country Director is based 2003, the NSSED Directorate introduced in Washington. Efforts are underway to a standard methodology for the ministries' strengthen its country office in Tirana. reports in the preparation of the Progress The EC has a strong country presence in Report. The Government has made Tirana and other cities; however, progress by helping sixteen line ministries decision-making is still centralized. to develop M&E matrices for the latest Italian Cooperation and USAID also have Progress Report. The number of large country offices and are attempting to indicators remains high, and unrealistic in decentralize decision-making to Tirana. many cases. The greatest challenge to M&E systems is the adoption of adequate indicators, Results focus and efforts in this direction are starting to Data collection remains an important materialize. The Government's efforts are obstacle to NSSED implementation in focused on aligning indicators with the MDGs terms of poor data quality and a lack of and designing a joint or complementary M&E institutional coordination. The Institute of system for the NSSED and SAp. Statistics (INSTAT) serves as the central 5http://www.minfin.gov.al/skzhes/skzhes.htm ARMENIA Long-term holistic vision Armenia ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action has been taken to develop a long- Long-Term Holistic Vision term vision that serves as a reference point for policymakers. The PRSP6 is seen by the Government as an overarching development strategy which contains a Country- Country long-term vision with a twelve-year led Ownership Partnership timeframe, as well as an ambitious medium-term strategy through 2006 for reducing poverty and inequality. It strives toward targets that are fully in line with Results Focus the MDGs. Separately, the Ministry of Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments Trade and Economic Development - with for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would the support of UNDP - is developing a therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Sustainable Economic Development that axis. Policy (SEDP) Paper, which proposes a strategy of economic development up to has been developed and implemented over 2015, aiming toward possible membership the course of 2004, and a second PRSP in the EU. Action Plan is being developed by the The PRSP identifies five major Government. priority areas for intervention: 1) Action has been taken to ground promoting sustainable economic growth PRSP priorities into the budget. In 2004, through macro-economic stability and the first year of PRSP implementation, the private sector development; 2) enhancing Government developed a MTEF which human development and improving social incorporated a number of priorities safety nets; 3) implementing prudent identified in the PRSP, and allocated fiscal policies; 4) improving public funds in the 2004 budget for these areas. infrastructure; and 5) improving the Public expenditures for social security, delivery of core public sector functions social insurance, health care, education, and services. Gender inequality is and infrastructure - under the 2004-06 addressed with reference to the MDGs, MTEF and the 2004 Annual Budget - while environmental policy is discussed in were planned according to PRSP priorities more detail, with particular emphasis on and the targeted public expenditures in sustainable use of forestry resources and this sector. The 2005-07 MTEF also improvement of land use management. A reflects the priorities laid out in the PRSP. PRSP Action Plan - which outlines the activities needed to achieve PRSP goals, Country ownership as well as its monitoring mechanisms - The Ministry of Finance and Economy (MFE) took the initiative on the PRSP. In 6 The Concept Paper on a Sustainable Economic May 2000 the Government appointed a Development Policy for Armenia was developed Steering Committee (SC) - headed by the in 2003. The PRSP was completed in August 2003 and a first PRSP Progress Report was finalized in MFE - in charge of organizing and December 2004. coordinating PRSP formulation, and in 5 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 6 Armenia April 2001 it established a Working opinion surveys, workshops, and Group (WG) - under the direct discussion seminars held in every supervision of the SC - responsible for the province. day-to-day management of the process, The Government engages in periodic for drafting the PRSP, and ensuring public opinion sessions and sector surveys transparency and participatory during PRSP implementation. Following consultations both at the national and the finalization of the PRSP, Government- regional level. stakeholder dialogue resulted in a written Sectoral working groups formed and legally binding Partnership within and across different agencies - Agreement on joint responsibility for under the overall coordination of the MFE implementation and further development. - have developed PRSP Implementation A renewed SC and a renewed WG have Plans that put emphasis on participation in much wider and more credible stakeholder PRSP M&E. In the fall of 2004, the participation. Government substituted the SC with a Civil society was an active participant Participatory Steering Committee (PSC) - in PRSP formulation. NGOs are in charge of ensuring a participatory represented in the PSC and they also process also within the PRSP participate in the sectoral working groups implementation phase, and of running the charged with drafting PRSP consultative process leading to the Implementation Plans. NGOs submitted formulation of a proposal for MCC their comments and recommendations on assistance. The Government appointed a the draft PRSP throughout its various PRSP Secretariat which - together with stages of development. The NGO Human the WG - is responsible for organizing Rights and Democracy Institute was implementation activities. The PRSP selected by the SC in May 2002 to Coordination and Monitoring Unit within systematize public participation in PRSP the MFE coordinates PRSP M&E, development, organize public discussions together with the PRSP Secretariat and the and regional seminars - together with the WG. Specifically, the WG monitors PRSP governmental Analytical-Informational intermediate and target indicators and it Center for Economic Reforms. assesses the impact of PRSP policies. A Academics, trade unions, local PRSP Joint Analysis Group - designed by communities, and members of the the WG - is responsible for Armenia Diaspora were also consulted implementation, analysis, and assessment during PRSP formulation, and a PRSP of the PRSP. Partnership was formed among civil The Government has taken steps to society organizations, trade unions, and involve stakeholders in the formulation of churches to identify PRSP short-term development strategies. In November priorities and develop implementation 2001, the SC selected fifty independent mechanisms. experts to develop the PRSP Terms of The private sector was also involved Reference, which were completed in in the consultation process, and October 2002. In February 2003 the contributed to PRSP formulation through Government formed a PRSP finalization its representatives in the WG and the Expert Group which revised the strategy Expert Group. Private sector based on comments and suggestions representatives also participated in three received by several stakeholders through Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 7 Armenia round-tables aimed at discussing PRSP integrate the single-year budgeting economic policies, specifically for approval cycle with multi-year program associations of businessmen, farmers and commitments. This is likely to result in industrialists. The Prime Minister chairs a improved capacity to coordinate social High Business Council - established in and economic policies to achieve poverty 2002 - which is composed of various reduction targets and outcomes. groups, including Government representatives, and meets periodically. Country-led partnership The business community is also a part of Despite the existence of an office within the PRSP Partnership. the MFE in charge of development Parliamentary involvement in policy assistance coordination, external partners formulation has been significant. are taking primary responsibility for Committees of the National Assembly managing and coordinating their own were represented in the SC, in the Expert activities. The World Bank chairs CG Group, and are now represented in the meetings which are sometimes held in- PSC. Deputies were also invited to - and country, the last of which was organized actively participated in - seminars and in July 2001. There are currently no plans workshops organized by the Government. for a new CG. There are fourteen sector- The National Assembly discussed and based Partner Groups, and an umbrella endorsed the PRSP in late 2003. The Donor Coordination Group, which is Constitution does not require the National chaired on a rotational basis by the World Assembly to approve a national Bank, UNDP and USAID. The World development plan. However, it does Bank also chairs periodic local meetings require its approval of the annual National for external partners in which the Budget - designed in accordance with the Government is not represented. vision and intent of the PRSP - and External partners are aligning their supervision of its implementation. In development assistance strategies with April 2003 the National Assembly passed PRSP priorities. The five major external a law that requires the MTEF to be partners are the USA, the World Bank, the approved by the Government before the IMF, the EU, and Germany, accounting start of annual budget formulation for approximately 89 percent of gross activities. ODA in 2002-03. UN agencies, the UK, The Government is taking action to and the Netherlands are also active. ODA continually improve upon implementation accounted for 8.5 percent of GNI in 2003. capacity through stronger coordination of 7The 2002-06 EC Country Strategy Paper policies and actions. Implementation builds on the IPRSP, the 2000-04 UNFPA capacity is much stronger than Country Cooperation Framework supports formulation capacity. Still, there is a need the PRSP process, and the UN has to enhance financial management capacity developed a new 2005-09 Development to implement coordinated social and Assistance Framework in line with PRSP economic policies that target poverty objectives and priorities. The FY05-08 reduction. Efforts are underway in a World Bank Country Assistance Strategy number of key Ministries (Health, reflects the priorities outlined in the Education, Social Assistance, and Trade and Development) to develop and 7 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at implement program budgeting that will http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/16/1900416.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 8 Armenia PRSP, and the 2004-08 USAID Integrated and capacity support is largely Strategic Plan, although not directly based fragmented. on the PRSP, is in line with its priorities. The Government and external The GTZ program is partly aligned with partners are taking some preliminary steps the PRSP, but continues to be comprised to harmonize policies and procedures mainly of projects developed before the around country systems. In some PRSP. The IMF PRGF program has been instances - as in the case of environmental concluded, and the Government has rules and procedures - local regulations requested a follow-up program; and policies are incorporated into USAID discussions are due to start in March regulations. 2005. Armenia is a MCC eligible country since 2004 and Government proposals for Some development assistance funding within the MCA include agencies are increasing their presence in implementation of programs in line with the country to better take part in daily PRSP priorities in education, health, and decision-making. The World Bank social protection. Country Director is stationed in Washington - with a Country Manager External partners are starting to work based in Yerevan - while the USAID in partnership by providing some joint Country Director is stationed in Yerevan financial support to the PRSP. In and enjoys highly decentralized decision- November 2004 the World Bank approved making powers. a series of PRSCs aimed at 1) consolidating macroeconomic discipline Results focus and strengthening of governance; 2) sharpening competition and entrenching Action has been taken to improve the property rights; 3) mitigating social and quality and availability of data on poverty environmental risks; and 4) modernizing and expenditures. The National Statistical the rural economy. The Dutch Service conducts regular household Government is co-financing the PRSCs, surveys, the last of which was conducted its support for capacity building being in 2004. The last Census was completed mainly focused on improvement of public in 2001. Armenia participates in the IMF financial management instruments in co- General Data Dissemination System operation with other external partners. (GDDS) and the Government's KfW provides parallel financing to World dissemination practices - in terms of data Bank PRSCs, and the EC provides budget periodicity, timeliness, integrity, and support through its Food Security access by the public - generally meet and Program. There is little joint analytical often exceed GDDS recommendations. work. A PER in April 2003 and CPAR in An integrated financial management May 2004 were prepared by the World system is under development. Bank. SWAps are not currently Stakeholder access to development envisioned. information is good. The Government has There is some degree of coordination developed an open forum - managed and collaboration amongst external independently of the Government - that partners on specific aspects of capacity helps ensure access to information. The building. However, there is no population is largely aware of the PRSP, comprehensive capacity building agenda due to public discussions and seminars organized by the Government and NGOs, Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 9 Armenia and to broad TV and radio coverage. The country-level M&E system and UNDP PRSP was originally drafted in Armenian and GTZ are supporting this effort. The and translated afterwards into English. Poverty Assessment Indicators System is The regional and national press also expected to obtain an integrated picture publishes articles on the PRSP, and the of poverty and allow for better Government created a specific website for management, monitoring, and it. The PRSP and the Progress Report can coordination of PRSP implementation and also be found on the Ministry of Finance it is establishing a system to monitor field and Economy webpage, which includes offices and district centers. This process information on the budget, the MTEF, and is still ongoing. The second PRSP development assistance programs.8 Action Plan is likely to identify clearer The Government is developing a indicators. 8www.prsp.am; http://www.mfe.am/mfeengweb/i ndexeng.htm AZERBAIJAN Long-term holistic vision Azerbaijan ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Azerbaijan has taken steps to design a Long-Term Holistic Vision comprehensive, articulated, and well- developed long-term vision linked to a medium-term development strategy. Its long-term prospects are heavily Country- Country contingent upon the development of its led Ownership Partnership hydrocarbon reserves, as reflected in the Oil Strategy developed under the late President - Mr. Heydar Aliyev - and embarked upon in 1994 with the signing Results Focus of the "Contract of the Century" - the Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments main production sharing agreement with for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would major foreign companies on development therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for of Azerbaijan's oil and gas potential. The that axis. strategy aims at developing the hydrocarbon reserves in an optimal and implementation plans developed by 15 beneficial way for the Azeri people. To Sector Working Groups (SWGs). The ensure that future generations will benefit Government is now in the process of from the considerable oil and gas adapting the MDGs to its specific revenues, the State Oil Fund was circumstances and stage of development established in 2000. The long-term vision and of setting country-specific goals and for Azerbaijan was further refined in 2004 targets. On the basis of the SPPRED and with approval of the Long-Term Oil the long-term objectives, the Government Revenues Management Strategy. developed a State Program on Socio- Considerable external partner support has Economic Development of Regions contributed to the analysis and refinement covering the period of 2005-08, which of the long-term vision. was approved by the President. It aims at Action has been taken to develop a developing the non-oil sector and medium-term strategy. The State promoting job growth not only in Baku, Programme on Poverty Reduction and but also in other regions. With the Economic Development (SPPRED)9 is the SPPRED coming to an end this year, the PRS - which covers the period 2003-05 - Government is developing a new ten-year and its strategic objectives are in line with program, which is intended to be linked to the MDGs. The SPPRED was based a widely shared long-term development on detailed sector policy notes and vision focused on achieving and surpassing the MDGs. The SPPRED is focused on six 9 The Oil Strategy is contained in the public strategic priorities: 1) facilitating an speeches of the late President, but it is not a public enabling environment for growth of written document. The SPPRED was completed in February 2003. A first Progress Report was income-generating opportunities; 2) finalized in May 2004. A second Progress Report maintaining macroeconomic stability; 3) is expected mid-2005. 10 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 11 Azerbaijan improving the quality of - and equity in SWGs that included members from access to - basic health and education Government agencies and other services; 4) improving infrastructure; 5) stakeholders. reforming the existing system of social During SPPRED implementation the protection for the most vulnerable; and 6) Ministry of Economic Development leads improving the living conditions and the preparation process of SPPRED opportunities of refugees and internally Progress Reports. The SPPRED displaced persons. It also addresses Secretariat - which includes a Poverty gender inequality and environmental Monitoring Unit set up with the help of issues. However, the SPPRED provides UNDP - is in charge of monitoring only limited prioritization and sequencing changes in the poverty level and analyzing of actions in its policy matrix. the impact of the poverty reduction The Government is taking action to strategy. develop a link between the strategy and Some steps have been taken toward a the budget. A new Budget Systems Law sustainable stakeholder participation introduced in 2002 - and its 2003 structure. The SPPRED formulation phase amendments - established a necessary - as well as the first year of legal framework for the introduction of a implementation leading to the first four-year MTEF, which was put together Progress Report - was characterized by a for the first time as part of the 2003 participatory approach, whereby budget formulation process. The MTEF is consultations were held with a diverse updated annually and supports the range of stakeholders. The Government objectives outlined in the SPPRED. held a launch workshop in July 2001; it Significant progress in prioritizing public organized several roundtables for the expenditure in the State Budget has been SWGs, a number of regional workshops, achieved in recent years; however, much focus group discussions and individual work remains to be done. The Cabinet of interviews to capture the opinion of the Ministers has defined five critical priority poorest throughout the country. SWGs' programs, and is implementing Regional Sector Policy Notes and implementation Development Strategies under the MTEF plans were discussed at various national and the Public Investment Program. Both and regional seminars and then are prepared under the guidance of the consolidated into a final draft. The 2002 Budget Systems Law. SPPRED was then presented at an Country ownership international conference held in Baku in October 2002 and received final approval There is limited inter-ministerial through the February 2003 Presidential coordination on policy formulation. The Decree. Ministry of Economic Development is the main locus of initiative. The SPPRED was The Government is carrying out an formulated in the period 2001-02. In even broader participatory process for 2001, a SPPRED Secretariat was set up at SPPRED implementation. The SWGs the Ministry of Economic Development continue to be functional, providing inputs with the task of leading and coordinating for the Progress Reports and updating work on the SPPRED and organizing their sector-related poverty indicators. consultations. There was some inter- Since February 2003, the SPPRED ministerial coordination through the 15 Secretariat has organized consultations Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 12 Azerbaijan through regional workshops and Town to the PRSP process was demonstrated Hall Meetings for the preparation of the through the establishment of a formal 2004 Progress Report, with the Group for Support of SPPRED, which participation of some members of relevant comprises deputy heads of parliamentary SWGs. They also update their Sector commissions. This group, although not Policy Notes to serve as a basis for formal significantly active during the first year of sector programs that are used in the SPPRED implementation, has been budget formulation process. instrumental in ensuring that the SPPRED Civil society was significantly objectives and priorities were reflected in involved in the formulation of the the 2005 budget discussions. The SPPRED and it is now active in the Constitution - which does not require implementation phase. NGOs, scientific Milli Mejlis to approve a national foundations, and other members of civil development plan ­ requires its approval society are represented in the SWGs. They of the budget, including allocations for took part in the July 2001 national national development plans approved by workshop, in the roundtables and regional the Government. workshops. The National NGO Forum The Government's economic policy established a working relationship with planning and implementation capacity the Government - which is being further remains a challenge. Capacity to analyze, developed during the SPPRED monitor, and evaluate policies is weak, as implementation - through the submission well as capacity to effectively deliver of proposals to the Secretariat. targeted social assistance. The private sector is strongly Country-led partnership involved in the SPPRED process. Both individual businessmen and Azerbaijan Government leadership of external Entrepreneur's Association were involved assistance coordination needs to be in consultations for the SPPRED strengthened. The establishment of the formulation and for the preparation of the Ministry of Economic Development in Progress Report, both through the 2001 as the key Government agency in Regional Workshops and in the charge of development assistance framework of SWG discussions. coordination was an important step in advancing the Government's role. UNDP The Parliament (Milli Mejlis) played is taking the lead in bringing together a significant role in the SPPRED external partners around the PRSP formulation, too. Although the legal process. Issues related to SPRRED practice precludes approval of state implementation have been on the agenda programs and strategies such as the of the Poverty Thematic Group meetings SPPRED by Milli Mejlis, convened by UNDP on a regular basis, parliamentarians were represented in the with the participation of all concerned SWGs and participated actively in external partners. The Ministry of regional Town Hall Meetings, especially Economic Development has expressed on topics related to municipalities and interest in establishing a solid partnership agriculture. Parliamentarians were also with UNDP and the World Bank to work actively involved in the workshops held in on the proposed ten-year development Baku on economic and social policies. program, with the MDGs as the main The institutional support by Milli Mejlis thrust. The authorities are preparing to Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 13 Azerbaijan convene a CG or development partners' 2003. ADB is supporting SWAps in meeting in the spring of 2005, when an urban water supply and sanitation, as well even more detailed financial plan for the as in transport. SPPRED will have been developed. There is no comprehensive capacity- External partners are working to align building strategy. However, external their development assistance strategies partners have provided substantial with the priorities expressed in the assistance to the SPPRED through SPPRED. The five major external partners technical assistance and capacity building are Japan, the World Bank, the USA, the activities both in the Secretariat and in the EU, and the IMF accounting for line ministries. For example, GTZ funded approximately 91 percent of gross ODA the staff of the Secretariat as well as in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 4.4 experts on gender and civil society percent of GNI in 2003.10 The EC is participation. USAID has funded regional committed to supporting the SPPRED in Town Hall Meetings for about three years, focus areas such as support for regional covering both the implementation and integration and cooperation, food security preparation periods. The participation and sustainable rural development as process has also been assisted by specified in the 2002-06 Country Strategy OXFAM. A grant from the Swiss Trust Paper, as well as in the 2004-06 National Fund was made available to the Ministry Indicative Program. The EBRD is of Economic Development through the developing a new Country Strategy to be World Bank, and it serves the purpose of approved in May 2005, which will be funding sector specific work and a closely aligned with the SPPRED. The SPPRED financial plan. The World Bank FY03-05 World Bank Country Assistance is supporting implementation capacity Strategy is also in line with the SPPRED. building across the Government through a ADB is aligning its development Second Institution Building and Technical assistance strategy with the objectives and Assistance project. priorities outlined in the SPPRED, and it Harmonization with country systems will soon be developing a five-year and procedures is still limited. The Country Strategy and Program with a Government adopted a new Public particular focus on poverty reduction. Procurement Law in December 2001 and Alignment of financial and analytical the World Bank conducted a CPAR in support is materializing. The World Bank June 2003. The World Bank also is supporting the SPPRED action plans completed a PER in April 2003 and a through a series of proposed PRSCs as CFAA in September 2003 - in well as through investment projects, consultation with the IMF, USAID, and technical assistance and analytical work. other external partners - and is supporting The ADB, UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, the development of the Government's FAO, WHO and other external partners capacity to prepare the annual MTEF and have also supported a number of Public Investment Program. analytical studies, including a Poverty Elements exist for stronger in-country assessment conducted jointly with the partnership structures. Some development Government and the World Bank in April assistance agencies are increasing their presence in the country to be better 10 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at involved in daily decision-making. The http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/55/43/1867265.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 14 Azerbaijan World Bank Country Director is based in assistance from the World Bank and Washington, DC, with a Country Manager USAID. based in Baku. Most of the key active The general public is largely aware of external partners have field offices located the SPPRED, due to extensive public in the country and in November 2004 the campaign activities, such as regional ADB opened a Resident Mission in Town Hall meetings, seminars, Azerbaijan, under the leadership of a workshops, and the extensive media Country Director. coverage of the process. The Government, Results focus with financial support from GTZ, has developed and maintains an informative The Government is taking action to website for the SPPRED, where major strengthen its information management documents are posted in three languages - systems. The State Committee for Azeri, Russian and English.11 Data on Statistics has improved data collection and annual budget execution is expected to be analysis, and is carrying out quarterly available on the Ministry of Finance household income and expenditure website which is under construction. surveys. Macroeconomic statistics meet Among other activities, SPPRED and in many cases exceed IMF General publicity stands were organized in the Data Dissemination System Baku, Barda, Ganja, Nakhchivan, recommendations on periodicity and Sumgait, Astara, Shaki, Masally and Guba timeliness. Source data are generally regions of the country for the purpose of comprehensive, with elaborate data providing the population with more collection programs. Since 2001, the detailed information on the SPPRED, thus analysis of the poverty profile in the encouraging more active participation in SPPRED has been done on the basis of the implementation process. The SPPRED quarterly per capita consumption Secretariat produced CDs and audio tapes, expenditures, derived from the 2001 as well as 1000 posters about challenging Household Budget Survey (HBS). The people to fight poverty, with financial World Bank's Poverty Assessment was support from OXFAM. also based on the results of the 2001 HBS. The authorities made some changes to the A country-level M&E system is a subsequent survey methodology for the work in progress. The further elaboration 2002 HBS - which constitutes the basis of country-specific development targets for the Progress Report - in order to hinges heavily on improved capacity for achieve consistency with EUROSTAT, as statistical data collection. ADB has placed well as to keep in line with officially a resident advisor and three national revised poverty lines. The changes to experts to help develop implementation survey methodology were introduced as a reports, and the government is gradually result of technical assistance to the State expanding the core set of poverty Statistics Committee from the ADB and indicators in line with the MDGs. the World Bank. Also, ongoing work under the Public Expenditure Management Reform is contributing to improve the timeliness and quality of expenditure data. A project on treasury computerization is underway with 11www.economy.gov.az/prsp BANGLADESH Long-term holistic vision Bangladesh ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Some work has been done to develop a Long-Term Holistic Vision long-term vision. In 2000 the Government identified the reduction of poverty as the main thrust of its development strategy through 2010, embedded in a Partnership Country- Country Agreement on Poverty Reduction with led Ownership Partnership ADB. Elements of a long-term vision are also embedded into Bangladesh's medium-term strategy, described in "A National Strategy for Economic Growth, Results Focus Poverty Reduction and Social Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments Development," the IPRS for 2003-05, and for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would a draft "Unlocking the Potential: National therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Strategy for Accelerated Poverty that axis. Reduction" for 2005-07, which is expected to become Bangladesh's PRS.12 towards I-PRSP priorities. The MTMF The IPRS and the draft PRS include has FY03 as its benchmark. However, it preliminary long-term targets showing a was not created alongside a detailed strong link with the MDGs. The budgetary framework and an expenditure Government is setting higher goals in pattern linked to poverty reduction targets. areas like poverty reduction, and adhering Sector MTEFs are being put in place in to MDG targets in most other areas. the post-primary education, agriculture, The IPRS and the draft PRS are social welfare and women and children comprehensive in scope, and contain five affairs sectors. In the health sector, the core elements: pro-poor economic growth, MTEF is not yet tied to a strategy. human development, women's Expenditure allocations in the FY05 advancement and closing of gender gaps, budget are widely acknowledged as more social protection and participatory pro-poor than previous budgets. governance. Environmental sustainability Country ownership is another cross-cutting issue that is integrated into social protection policies. The Government formulates policy Sector strategies were completed in through a well-coordinated, centralized education and transport, and the mechanism involving all relevant Government has nearly finalized a health ministries. The Planning Commission and sector strategy. other ministries, through an Inter- Ministerial Task Force, comprised of the A Medium Term Macroeconomic finance and planning, agriculture, Framework (MTMF) allocates funds education, health, local government, disaster management, environment and 12The Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy was forest, women and children affairs, social completed in March 2003. Completion of the full welfare, energy, fisheries and livestock PRS "Unlocking the Potential" is expected mid- ministries, led the IPRS and PRS 2005. 15 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 16 Bangladesh formulation process. IPRS formulation divisional level meetings. Wider was conducted in two stages, consisting consultations are now underway prior to first of twenty-one preparatory launching the PRS. consultations at upazila (sub-district), Civil society has participated in PRS division and national levels. Government formulation. The Bangladesh Rural officials, including ministry functionaries, Advancement Committee, a leading NGO, were in attendance at their respective organized and facilitated all consultations levels. The second stage commenced in during the first stage. Other NGOs, April 2002, upon completion of the draft occupational groups, women's groups, IPRS. At this stage, twelve mid-term academics, and religious leaders consultations were held with strong participated in IPRS and PRS representation from line ministries. consultations. A separate consultation The National Poverty Focal Point, was held in the first round for the urban under the General Economics Division of poor in Dhaka. Civil society is also the Planning Commission, coordinates represented in one of the PRS's PRS formulation under the supervision of permanent structures, the NPRC, which the Minister of Finance. PRS formulation includes representatives from NGOs, is overseen by a National Steering women's organizations, human rights Committee (NSC), created in July 2003, organizations, research institutes, consisting of twenty-one members formed journalists, trade unions, professional under the Chair of the Principal Secretary organizations, and notable personalities to the Prime Minister. The NSC like academics. appointed twelve thematic groups to Participation from the private sector contribute to the PRS. The General was also extensive during consultations. Economics Division has consolidated the The private sector, through professional Thematic Group reports and prepared a groups, business leaders and the various PRSP draft that was reviewed by the Chambers of Commerce and Industry, NSC. participated in IPRS and PRS The National Poverty Reduction consultations. Like civil society, the Council (NPRC), made up of ministers private sector is also represented in the and civil society and chaired by the Prime NPRC. Minister, was established in 2003 to Parliament's role in PRS formulation address PRS implementation issues, is consultative. The draft IPRS was including M&E efforts, with plans for circulated to all members of Parliament extensive consultations with stakeholders. (MPs), who did not, however, discuss or The National Poverty Focal Point is formally endorse the strategy. The expected to become the Poverty constitution does not require Monitoring Unit, acting as the Secretariat parliamentary approval of development for the NPRC. planning. The government plans to share In formulating the full PRS, the draft PRS with MPs and civil society consultations with stakeholders have prior to its official launch. maintained or increased the momentum The Government faces a capacity during its formulation as they did during shortage, especially with regard to policy IPRS formulation. Consultations for PRS implementation. Weak government formulation included one national and six institutions and endemic corruption pose Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 17 Bangladesh great constraints to the success of facilitate the forthcoming PRS's development programs. Rural areas suffer implementation. most because of the slow progress of Partnerships have started to form on decentralization efforts. Civil society, on the basis of joint analytical and financial the other hand, is well established, support. Joint analytical work with the organized, and has a history of government includes a CFAA conducted cooperation with the Government in the by the UNDP and the World Bank and a area of poverty reduction. PER prepared jointly by the World Bank Country-led partnership and ADB in 2001. The World Bank completed a CPAR in partnership with Development assistance coordination is a ADB in 2002. In 2003, eleven external Government priority, and efforts are partners including JICA, the World Bank, underway to strengthen its role. The DFID, and ADB, agreed to support a Government coordinates external SWAp for the Primary Education Sector assistance through a Local Consultative Development Program over the next six Group, which is chaired by the World years. A Health, Nutrition and Population Bank. The Government hosts a yearly Sector SWAp is planned this year. Bangladesh Development Forum (BDF); the last BDF was held in Dhaka in May There is no overall capacity building 2004, and was attended by thirty-two strategy, but external partners jointly development assistance agencies. The support capacity building in some sectors, Government singled out education and particularly in procurement and anti- health as the priority sectors for assistance corruption. In consultation with five coordination. external partners, the Government has formulated a set of guidelines for Alignment is expected to take place externally funded, project-related foreign upon the Government's completion of the training. full PRS. The five major external partners are Japan, the World Bank, ADB, the UK The Government has recently and the USA, accounting for undertaken efforts to promote approximately 85 percent of gross ODA harmonization with country systems, and in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 2.6 is working to finalize an action plan on percent of GNI in 2003.13 The revised harmonization. Most of the ongoing draft PRS was discussed with the efforts are in the areas of account pooling, development partners in late procurement procedures, performance- November/early December 2004; already based financing, and common audit and at the last BDF most external partners reporting requirements. The Aid pledged their commitment to it. DFID Governance Initiative, a joint venture and the ADB have aligned their country between the Government and external strategies for 2003-06 and 2005-06, partners, is working to strengthen the respectively, to the IPRS. The World administrative and implementing Bank's upcoming Country Assistance processes of externally funded activities. Strategy FY05-07 is being designed to In 2003, the Government introduced a procurement regulation around which partners are harmonizing. The most progress on harmonizing with country 13 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at systems has been made in the health and http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/21/1867292.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 18 Bangladesh education sectors, where the Government Surveys, health and demographic surveys has laid out its strategic plans clearly and and labor force surveys. The Ministry of SWAps are in place or underway. Planning hosts the National Data Bank, External partners support pool-funding in another element of the Government's the education and health sectors, and have Management Information System. There harmonized around the Government's is a need to better coordinate these data reformed national procurement system in gathering efforts. The process to develop the education SWAp. Harmonization is an integrated financial management also occurring around the Government's system has started with the setting up of M&E systems, which external partners are Financial Management Units in four using in the health and education sectors. ministries. Some development assistance The Government's dissemination agencies are increasing their in-country efforts have been weak, but progress is presence to facilitate their day-to-day underway to strengthen them. Information decision making. The World Bank's on the IPRS and upcoming PRS is not Country Director is based in Dhaka, and widely available, but can be found on the Dhaka also hosts the ADB's first Resident Ministry of Finance's website.14 Mission. Other development assistance Stakeholder consultations are the most agencies have been slow in decentralizing frequent venue for informing the general their operations. population about strategy. Results focus A country-level unified M&E system is still in the planning stage. The National Bangladesh has well-established systems Poverty Focal Point plans to develop a for gathering poverty data, and the M&E system to track PRS success by Government is working to strengthen the tracking indicators, conducting coordination between different consultations, disseminating results to the institutions. The Bangladesh Bureau of general public, and acting as the Statistics (BBS) carried out a Household Secretariat for the NPRC. A set of Income and Expenditure Survey in 2000, preliminary poverty indicators and targets and is currently carrying out another one. are included in the IPRS, but indicators Data from this survey is expected to be are being refined for inclusion in the full available by the first quarter of 2006. The PRS. BBS also carries out Poverty Monitoring 14http://www.erd.gov.bd/iprsp/iprsp.jsp BENIN Long-term holistic vision Benin ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Benin has a long-term strategic vision, Long-Term Holistic Vision known as "Benin 2025: ALAFIA" (Peace and Happiness), developed through a broad consultative process under the leadership of the Ministry of Planning and Country- Country with the assistance of UNDP. To carry led Ownership Partnership out Benin 2025, the Ministry of Planning prepared a Government Action Plan (GAP), which covers the period 2001-06 and strives towards the same goals Results Focus outlined in the long-term vision. Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all The Document de Stratégie de criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSRP), therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. Benin's PRS,15 separate from the GAP, covers the period from 2003-05. The DSRP is consistent with and builds on the The DSRP's overall balanced GAP, as well as Benin 2025 and the approach is encompassed by four pillars: national population policy. The DSRP 1) strengthening the macroeconomic provides a stronger poverty focus than the framework over the medium term; 2) GAP, with an elaborated strategy that is developing human capital and considered by the Government and environmental management; 3) development partners alike, as the sole strengthening good governance and reference point for focusing national institutional capacity; and 4) promoting policies and the activities of all of Benin's employment and strengthening the ability development partners. of the poor to participate in decision- making and production processes. The The DSRP includes detailed DSRP recognizes gender equality as a indicators, with country-specific priority for poverty reduction, and considerations. The MDGs are includes an "Action Program for the incorporated into the goals, including the Promotion of Women," which details target of halving poverty by 2015. The specific plans at the ministry level. DSRP sets less ambitious targets in striving for universal primary education, A MTEF covers all sectors and is but more ambitious targets than the channeling budget expenditures towards MDGs for universal access to safe priority sectors for poverty reduction in drinking water. line with the DSRP. Launched in 2001, the MTEF is a triennial budgetary framework that is updated on a yearly 15Benin 2025: ALAFIA was completed in June basis to build on detailed program budgets 2000, at the same time as the IPRSP. The for priority sectors that link quantitative Government Action Plan was completed In July 2001. The DSRP was finalized in December 2002, result targets, policies and actions, and and a Progress Report is expected mid-2005. A expenditures. The use of the MTEF and revised PRSP is expected in early 2006. 19 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 20 Benin program budgets is helping line ministries and Economy, to head DSRP to improve budget formulation; however, implementation. The CNDLP is presided there is scope for strengthening the by the Minister of Planning and its Vice planning of budget programs and sectoral President is the Minister of Finance and and intra-sectoral arbitrage. The 2005-07 Economy. The CNDLP is comprised of a MTEF has been completed and the 2005 Plenary Assembly, a Ministerial budget submitted to Parliament, together Committee, a Permanent Secretariat, a with detailed multi-year expenditure Social Change Observatory and projections for priority sectors. Reflecting Departmental Monitoring Committees. DSRP priorities, the Government has The Permanent Secretariat coordinates increased budget allocations for priority DSRP implementation and prepares sectors from 10.9 percent of GDP in Progress Reports. The Social Change 2000-01 to 12.1 percent of GDP in 2003- Observatory centralizes information 05, falling slightly short of the 12.4 needed for M&E and plans household percent target. surveys. The Ministry of Finance and Economy presides over the Ministerial Country ownership Committee and coordinates among Overlapping responsibilities within the ministries for DSRP implementation. executive have hampered country Although stakeholders participated in ownership. During DSRP formulation, DSRP consultations for formulation, their the Ministry of Planning and involvement is scarce during DSRP Development and the Ministry of Finance implementation as a result of poor and Economy were the loci of initiative dissemination of the DSRP and an M&E for its content. A Permanent Secretariat system that is not fully operational. located in the Ministry of Finance and Municipal and departmental monitoring Economy and reporting to the Ministry of committees were set up to involve Planning took responsibility for DSRP stakeholders in M&E under the CNDLP, formulation, overseen by the Council of but municipal committees were discarded. Ministers. The Government also set up a All departmental monitoring committees Technical Committee within the Ministry were established by late 2004. NGOs, of Planning, which included mostly heads development associations, women's of planning units in sector ministries. organizations, professional associations, Based on a solid tradition of consultation, and religious institutions participated in between 2001 and 2002 the Government the district, regional, and national organized small orientation meetings and workshops organized for DSRP consultation workshops in six districts, preparation. Espace Liberal - a federation three national thematic workshops, and of civil society organizations - drafted a two regional workshops to identify comprehensive contribution to the DSRP sectoral priorities and establish poverty that was discussed with the authorities. profiles. The Economic and Social Council - an Under a revised institutional independent body in charge of providing framework, established by decree in advice to the Government on its economic February 2004, the Government and social policies - was also consulted established the National Commission for and provided feedback on the DSRP. Development and Fight Against Poverty Because of time constraints, the (CNDLP) under the Ministry of Finance Permanent Secretariat drafted the first Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 21 Benin Progress Report with limited input from underway to assign ministries with more stakeholders. However, stakeholders specific responsibilities. were invited to attend the first annual review of the Progress Report in Country-led partnership December 2004, which was later There are limited efforts by the Ministry discussed with external partners in of Finance and Economy to take the lead February 2005. Efforts are underway to in overall development assistance permanently involve stakeholders during coordination. Most coordination takes budget preparation by circulating the place among external partners. The yearly budget proposal in town hall UNDP used to chair RT meetings in meetings, and presenting the suggestions Cotonou; however, they have been gathered therein to the National discontinued. External partners meet on a Assembly. monthly basis around twelve sectoral or Like civil society, the private sector thematic working groups. On the has limited dialogue with the Government suggestion of external partners, the during DSRP implementation. The Government has started to take the lead in private sector, namely business some working groups, chaired by the associations, participated in the national relevant ministries. formulation workshops, and the Chamber Overall, external partners have of Commerce provided some feedback on aligned their assistance programs to the DSRP drafts. The private sector and civil DSRP. The five major external partners society worked together to prepare an are France, the EU, the World Bank, the action plan and set up technical working USA and Germany, accounting for groups to monitor the implementation of approximately 73 percent of gross ODA the DSRP with respect to their concerns in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 8.5 and priorities. percent of GNI in 2003.16 The 2002 EC Some members of the National cooperation strategy and the World Assembly took part in the district and Bank's Country Assistance Strategy regional level consultations, and the FY04-06, completed in 2003, reflect Government submitted the DSRP to the DSRP priorities. Denmark approved a National Assembly for information after it new strategy in 2004, also aligned with was finalized and approved by the the DSRP. The UN Development Council of Ministers. The National Assistance Framework has been fully Assembly is required by the Constitution aligned with the DSRP, as have the to approve the budget, but there is no French and USAID strategies. Since 2004, constitutional requirement for its approval Benin is eligible to receive funds from the of development planning. MCC. Capacity to formulate a participatory External partners are forming strategy is adequate. Institutional capacity partnerships in providing financial and for implementation suffers from severe analytical support. The EC, AfDB, shortcomings, however. Duplicative Switzerland, Denmark, and the efforts in DSRP implementation, due to Netherlands, are engaged in budget poor inter-ministerial coordination, also support operations through a three-year hinder its progress, but efforts are 16 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/2/1867453.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 22 Benin Joint Approach Agreement, in close Development assistance agencies are coordination with the World Bank's harmonizing their procedures around their PRSCs. Moreover, in the context of the use of country procurement, budgetary World Bank's PRSC preparation process, and financial management procedures, a first joint mission comprising the EC, particularly in the transport and water the Netherlands, Switzerland and sectors, where there is a basket funding Denmark was carried out in September mechanism. 2004. The Government and external Action has been taken to develop partners agreed to use a unique policy strong partnership structures, particularly matrix to monitor the implementation of through efforts to decentralize operations main structural and sectoral reform to the country level. The World Bank has programs. The same coordination effort is a country office, although its Country underway at the sector level both in terms Director is based in Washington. Most of of sector strategies, programs, and on the largest partners are taking steps to technical assistance and institutional decentralize decision making to the support to these programs. The main country. The AFD program is managed by partners providing budget support are an office in Cotonou. steadily strengthening coordination of their interventions under increased Results focus Government leadership. In September 2004, several partners conducted a joint Data for monitoring expenditures and budget support review. Several analytical poverty is available, and the Government and advisory assistance tasks are continues to work with external partners undertaken jointly with other development to strengthen capacity in this area. The assistance agencies and the Government. National Statistics Institute provides data The UN - with active participation of the collection and analysis. To improve data World Bank - completed a Common collection, the Government is taking Country Assessment in 2002 which measures to establish a Poverty Reduction reviews and analyzes the national Information System. A CWIQ and a development situation. Joint sector Poverty Assessment were conducted in reviews are in place in the education and early 2003. Some progress has been made water sectors. A SWAp is envisioned in in the area of monitoring household living the education sector. The AFD, KfW and conditions and income poverty incidence. the World Bank jointly support the A joint Government/external partner establishment of a municipal development methodological workshop was organized fund for urban areas. in March 2004 to discuss a program of household surveys that addresses the The DSRP does not sufficiently methodological weaknesses identified in address shortcomings in implementation past household surveys. This program capacity, and capacity building efforts would include an annual CWIQ and a remain fragmented. External partners national integrated household survey have agreed to coordinate capacity every three to five years. An integrated building efforts around the Government's financial management system, SIGFIP, is planned country-level M&E system. in place but needs to be strengthened. DANIDA, Swiss Cooperation and GTZ are providing joint support for the M&E Information about the DSRP is system through a basket fund. disseminated in an informal manner. The Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 23 Benin Government designed a comprehensive M&E system. Mechanisms for M&E are dissemination plan, which included being strengthened with the support of widespread circulation of the DSRP, external partners. A joint mission helped media coverage, and public workshops - the Government to prepare two "arrêtes," at both the national and local level - to clarifying the roles of the Permanent inform the public about the content of the Secretariat and the Social Change DSRP, its objectives and expected results. Observatory. Development partners are After repeated delays, the joint also closely working with the Social dissemination of the DSRP and the Change Observatory to draft a triennial Poverty Assessment started in December M&E program. The task of monitoring 2004. The DSRP, which is available on progress towards the MDGs belonged to the Government's website17, was the National Statistics Institute, but this originally drafted in French and translated responsibility was recently transferred to into English. It has not been translated the Social Change Observatory, which is into local languages. in charge of monitoring and evaluating the The Government is taking concrete DSRP. measures to improve a country-level 17http://www.gouv.bj/en/textes_rapports/rapports/i ndex_top.php BHUTAN Long-term holistic vision Bhutan ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The notion of Gross National Happiness Long-Term Holistic Vision (GNH) guides Bhutan's distinctive approach to development, based on four pillars: the promotion of equitable and sustainable socio-economic development, Country- Country the preservation and promotion of cultural led Ownership Partnership values, the conservation of the natural environment, and establishment of good governance. The notion emphasizes the need to find an appropriate balance Results Focus between material, spiritual, emotional and Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments cultural well-being. "Bhutan 2020: A for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Vision for Peace, Prosperity and therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Happiness," was prepared through a that axis. consultative process and seeks to translate the notion of GNH into a series of and block strategies serve as inputs to the national objectives emphasizing: (i) Ninth Plan. human development, (ii) cultural heritage, The PRSP builds on Bhutan 2020, (iii) equitable development, (iv) good and both the vision and the strategy are governance, and (v) environmental consistent with the MDGs in many areas. conservation. These precepts guide The vision and strategy establish more policymaking, and are a central part of all country-specific targets, as well, such as government programs. lowering the infant mortality rate from 60 The Poverty Reduction Strategy per 1000 live births in 2003, to below 30 Paper is the medium-term strategy for in 2007; providing electricity to 50 2002-07, linked to the long-term vision. percent of the rural population; and The PRSP is considered by the ensuring that 75 percent of the rural Government and external partners alike as population live within a half day's walk the single ongoing framework for from the nearest motorable road by 2012. development programs. It consists of the Given strong economic performance in Ninth Five Year Plan and a Cover Note recent years, the Government expects to that provides an update on the Plan and reach some MDGs before the 2015 target elaborates on some areas, including a date. preliminary MTEF, the consultative The PRSP defines a comprehensive process and M&E. 18 Sectoral, district poverty reduction strategy, developing sector strategies in education, health, and infrastructure. The strategy also addresses 18 "Bhutan 2020: A Vision for Peace, Prosperity cross-cutting issues, such as gender, the and Happiness," was finalized in May 1999. The environment, improved governance, and Ninth Five Year Plan was completed in April decentralization. For the first time, the 2002, and the Cover Note was completed in August 2004. 24 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 25 Bhutan Ninth Plan also includes separate Participation and consultation are a strategies at the district and block levels. central part of the planning tradition in There is scope for strengthening the Bhutan, and the PRSP was developed fiscal framework, and the Government is through extensive consultation with working to implement a MTEF. In an communities and stakeholders, including effort to prioritize the strategy, the Cover the private sector, down to the block level. Note introduced a provisional MTEF for There was strong participation from 2003-06, but it has not yet taken off. In the National Assembly in PRSP particular, the budget continues to be preparation. National Assembly members prepared on an annual basis. To this end, representing each district were members the Government called for the of the District and Block Level implementation of multi-year rolling Committees, and helped formulate district budgets in the revised budget manual and block strategies. Upon the Ninth (2002), and is seeking assistance from Plan's completion, it was sent to the development partners in this effort. National Assembly for its approval. Country ownership Capacity for policy formulation is adequate, but constraints are significant in Institutional mechanisms for development implementation capacity, especially at the planning and implementation are strong as local level. As a result, much of the a result of a tradition of creating five-year implementation of government programs development plans. The Department of is undertaken centrally, generally by the Planning (DoP), formerly named the concerned ministry, and further Planning Commission, under the Ministry decentralization will only be possible with of Finance, is the lead PRSP agency. The further technical assistance and capacity DoP led the consultations underpinning building efforts at the local level. the Ninth Plan and the Cover Note. Separate strategies for districts and blocks Country-led partnership were prepared by the Dzongkhag Yargye The Government, through the Department Tshogdue (District Development of Aid and Debt Management unit in the Committee), and Gewog Yargye Ministry of Finance, leads the Tshogchung (Block Development coordination of external development Committee); these committees assistance. The Government co-chairs RT participated in consultations with one meetings with UNDP and the World Bank elected representative of each block and a approximately every three years. In member from each municipality in each November 2000, the Government held a district. After an initial review of the RT meeting in Thimphu for the first time. Eighth Plan, the DoP issued guidelines for The most recent meeting, in February Ninth Plan preparation, leading to the 2003, was held in Geneva to discuss the preparation of sectoral, district and block Ninth Plan, co-chaired by the Minister of strategies. The DoP is also responsible Finance, the Assistant Secretary General for coordinating PRSP implementation, of the UN and the Regional Director for and the proposed country-level M&E Asia and the Pacific of UNDP. Between system, once established, will reside these meetings, informal gatherings of within it. development partners are organized regularly by UNDP. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 26 Bhutan Overall, external partners' activities With few exceptions, external are reasonably well aligned with the Ninth partners have not yet taken significant Plan. Besides India, the six major external steps to decentralize their operations to partners are Japan, Denmark, ADB, the country offices in Bhutan. Given the World Bank, Switzerland and the small size of the country program, neither Netherlands, accounting for the World Bank nor the ADB operate an approximately 81 percent of gross ODA office in Thimphu. Other external in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 13.2 partners, like Denmark and the percent of GNI in 2003.19 Denmark's Netherlands, have decentralized decision- assistance for 2003-07 is aligned with the making to their local offices. PRSP, and the ADB's Country Strategy and Program Update for 2004-06 also Results focus states its commitment to the PRSP. ADB The Government has taken concrete steps is formulating a results-based Country to strengthen its capabilities in gathering Strategy and Program based on the Ninth data for monitoring purposes. A National Plan. The World Bank's Country Statistics Bureau (NSB) is the lead agency Assistance Strategy for FY00-02 supports for data production; however, its mandate Bhutan 2020 and a Country Assistance needs to be strengthened in order to Strategy is being prepared in FY05 to improve coordination, improve survey align Bank assistance with the PRSP. The implementation, and ensure that data are UN's Country Cooperation Framework for used effectively to underpin policy. The 2002-06 reflects the development Government launched two pilot surveys in priorities outlined in Bhutan 2020. 2000, a Household Income and There are few examples of joint Expenditure Survey and a Poverty analytical work or budget support to date. Assessment and Analysis. The NSB The Government has been developing conducted a Bhutan Living Standard SWAps since 2002, in sectors like health, Survey in 2003 with support from the the environment and urban development. ADB and UNDP, and the first census to External partners are considering using be conducted following internationally these instruments, and Denmark has been accepted guidelines is scheduled for 2005. providing support through these sector In seeking to improve results, the strategies. Denmark has recently made a Government is also taking steps to switch to budget support in two sectors. strengthen financial management. With financial assistance from the Netherlands, Capacity building efforts are the Government's 1987 Financial Manual undertaken mostly in an uncoordinated was revised to form the Financial Rules manner, but partners are pursuing some and Regulations 2001 (FRR-2001), which joint initiatives. The PRSP stresses the covers procurement, budgeting, importance of capacity building, and accounting, property management, programs are underway in areas like debt revenue accounting and the like. management (ADB), public expenditure Following the revision, the computerized management (UNDP/World Bank/ADB), Government Budgeting and Accounting and strengthening of statistical systems Systems (BAS) was developed with (ADB/UNDP). technical assistance from the ADB. The BAS is used for the production and 19 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at reporting of budgeting and accounting http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/4/1867471.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 27 Bhutan information by all the spending agencies Divisions in the ministries, and the of the Government. Planning Units in the Dzongkhags. A Information about the PRSP is not yet Poverty Monitoring and Assessment widely available to the public. The Ninth System is still under development, and Plan and the PRSP are posted on the plans are to maintain responsibility for Government's website in English, but not M&E within the DoP in coordination with in the official Dzongkha language, and the NSB. dissemination of information to the public The Poverty Monitoring and is otherwise weak.20 Once a Poverty Assessment System will integrate existing Monitoring and Assessment System is M&E systems in government agencies established, it will be responsible for and ministries, and create a standardized communication and dissemination of reporting framework at the Dzongkhag progress in improving social development level. Preliminary indicators are included indicators and poverty reduction. in the PRSP, and the DoP is finalizing An integrated country-level M&E these indicators with information from the system is a work in progress. The 2003 Bhutan Living Standards Survey. Planning Information Network of the DoP To date, monitoring data is not fully coordinates existing monitoring systems reflected in the budget, but the in collaboration with the National Government is working to strengthen Statistics Bureau, the Planning and Policy the budget preparation process. 20www.dop.gov.bt/rep/index.htm http://www.dop.gov.bt/fyp/index.htm http://www.dop.gov.bt/rep/index.htm BOLIVIA Long-term holistic vision Bolivia ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond A long-term vision widely agreed within Long-Term Holistic Vision the country has not yet materialized. In 2004 the Government of President Mesa, which came to power in October 2003 after the resignation of President Country- Country Sánchez de Lozada, drafted an led Ownership Partnership Estrategia de Desarrollo 2005-15, developed around three components: productive sectors, social sectors and cross-cutting issues. The Estrategia de Results Focus Desarrollo has not yet been widely Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all shared within the Government and criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would discussed with national stakeholders. therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Since the Government is also setting up that axis. a constitutional assembly to draft a new constitution, the validation of long-term one economic and one social, building on development objectives may suffer the National Dialogue. However, it is not delay. yet clear whether the Plans of Action will feed into the Estrategia de Desarrollo. Some work has also been done to National development plans, Programa update and revise Bolivia's poverty General de Desarrollo Económico y Social reduction strategy. In 2003 the (PGDES), are mandated by the Government of President Sánchez de Constitution, although not each Lozada prepared a draft revision of the Government is required to prepare one. A Estrategia Boliviana para la Reducción PGDES has not yet been prepared to update de la Pobreza (EBRP) 2001-06, the PGDES 1997-2002. The Government is Bolivia's PRS.21 In 2004 the preparing a National Rural Development Government of President Mesa prepared Strategy and an Education Reform Program a draft Estrategia Boliviana de through 2010, linked to the operational Desarrollo 2005-07. However, the program for 2004-08, Programa Operativo Estrategia Boliviana de Desarrollo only Multianual (POMA). The National Rural partially built on a National Dialogue Development Strategy and the Education launched in 2004 for its formulation and Reform Program will feed into the was not approved by the Government. Estrategia de Desarrollo and the work of The Government is in the process of the constitutional assembly. preparing two Plans of Action 2005-07, There are also five-year development plans prepared by the 9 departments, 21 The Government completed the EBRP in Programas de Desarrollo March 2001. Since then civil strife and two Departamentales, and 324 municipalities, government changes have significantly delayed Programas de Desarrollo Municipales, EBRP implementation. The 2003 draft revision of the EBRP was prepared as the basis of linked to annual action plans (Programas discussion for a National Dialogue held in 2004. Operativos Anuales). The 324 municipal 28 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 29 Bolivia governments elected in December 2004 obtained so far in meeting development prepared their legally-required municipal objectives. Progress has been made in the plans based on the Estrategías Integrales majority of the social sectors, but Bolivia Productivas Municipales agreed upon in still lags behind many Latin American each municipality during the National countries and poverty has increased. Dialogue. These plans however vary in The link of the strategy to the budget their quality and degree of remains an open challenge. The implementation. Departmental plans, Government has not yet prepared a MTEF which are not mandatory, are not yet given the uncertain fiscal impact of a new fully coordinated with the municipal Hydrocarbons Law and a possible reform plans, and do not always build on the that would grant financial and Estrategías Integrales Productivas administrative autonomy to some regions. Departamentales agreed upon in each However, it is making some progress in department during the National formulating a MTEF in the education Dialogue. The Government envisages sector. introducing elections for the department heads, who are presently appointed by Country ownership the Government, and make the preparation of departmental plans President Mesa supports the focus of the mandatory. new EBRP on the productive sectors. The Government of President Sánchez de Some efforts are being made to Lozada established a Secretaría Técnica del identify comprehensive long-term Diálogo to organize a National Dialogue, development objectives linked to the which is meant to provide inputs from MDGs. The Plans of Action will focus national stakeholders to the Estrategia particularly on the productive sectors Boliviana de Desarrollo. The Technical while safeguarding progress made in the Secretariat has had links to the Ministry of social areas. The 2003 draft revision of Popular Participation and has received the EBRP identifies the MDGs as technical and administrative support from Bolivia's long-term goals for 2015, and an existing government unit for economic makes limited attempts to link the analysis, Unidad de Análisis y Políticas MDGs to a set of policy actions to foster Económicas (UDAPE). The Ministry of broad-based growth. It focuses on the Economic Development prepared productive sectors, and envisages a preliminary drafts of the Estrategia de stronger role of the State in supporting Desarrollo and the Estrategia Boliviana de infrastructure. The overall goal is to Desarrollo, with limited inputs from other provide growth opportunities for micro, ministries. It is currently responsible for the small and medium enterprises in labor preparation of the economic Plan of Action, intensive industries that would generate while the Ministry of Education is employment and thus increase incomes responsible for the preparation of the social and reduce income poverty. The Plan of Action. Planning responsibilities Government has also plans to address may be transferred to the Ministry of cross-cutting issues like gender, the Finance, which now chairs a national environment, and good governance - economic and social council, Consejo which are only partially addressed in the Nacional de Política Económica y Social EBRP - in the Estrategia Boliviana de (CONAPES). CONAPES is composed of Desarrollo. Mixed results have been the ministries responsible for social and Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 30 Bolivia economic activities; UDAPE acts as its National Dialogue Board (two local technical secretariat. CONAPES, which government associations, the five was first established in March 2003 but indigenous organizations recognized by was then temporarily disbanded, law, and a women's organization). replaces two councils that had handled However, the representativeness of the economic and social issues separately. National Dialogue Board has been called Some work has been done toward into question by some segments of civil establishing a sustainable structure for society and the population at large. CSOs at continuous government ­ stakeholder the local level participate in Oversight dialogue. A National Dialogue Law, Committees as part of a Social Control approved by Congress in July 2001, has Mechanism, established as a result of the established a legal framework for National Dialogue 2000 to supervise conducting popular consultations on the poverty-related local expenditures. EBRP every three years. The National However, Oversight Committees are often Dialogue, launched in February 2003 unable to understand or monitor budget and completed in December 2004, was allocations. Their members can also easily structured into municipal pre-dialogues, fall prey to capture given that there are no and municipal, departmental, and limits to their mandates and are poorly paid. national roundtables carried out by Producer associations have also been existing local government structures. It involved in the National Dialogue as part of built on and strengthened the civil society, but participation of medium participatory mechanisms established for and large enterprises has been limited. A the National Dialogue 2000 and the coordinating body of the association of formulation of the EBRP, which have microenterprises participated in the been embedded at the local level. The roundtables and was represented in the methodology was devised by working National Dialogue Board. Small farmers groups comprised of government and and artisans participate in development stakeholders' representatives. The councils, Consejos de Desarrollo National Dialogue was overseen by a 22- Económico, Productivo y Social, member National Dialogue Board (CODEPES), also established as a result of composed of government and the National Dialogue 2000, to supervise stakeholder representatives. It was an poverty-related local expenditures in important effort by the Government to cooperation with the Oversight consult with national stakeholders; Committees. However, due to financial however, participation could have raised constraints and social unrest there has been expectations to levels that exceed the a significant delay in the creation of these capacity and resources of the public Councils, which only started to operate in sector to deliver. The Technical some municipalities in early 2004. Secretariat is currently working with Parliamentary involvement is limited. UDAPE to integrate the inputs emerged Representatives from the decentralization from the National Dialogue into the draft and popular participation committees of the Estrategia Boliviana de Desarrollo. Senate and the Chamber of Deputies Civil society organizations have participated in the National Dialogue Board played a key role in the National as observers. The Government is Dialogue. CSOs participated in the constitutionally required to submit the roundtables, and were represented in the PGDES to Congress, and is planning to Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 31 Bolivia present the Estrategia de Desarrollo to partners co-chair working groups Congress. The Congress examines and established in 2004 to coordinate external approves the budget. support in five areas: 1) EBRP formulation Frequent cabinet changes and National Dialogue, 2) the constitutional significantly hamper planning, assembly, 3) enhancing competition and coordination, and implementation productivity, 4) fiscal policies, and 5) capacity within government as well as harmonization. The Ministry of Education government capacity to interact with chairs an inter-agency committee embedded civil society, the private sector and within its structures, to coordinate the external partners. The Government is support of all external partners in the strengthening the civil service's education sector. In 2001, a CG meeting professionalism, but limited progress is was chaired by the Minister of Finance and being made with the exception of the held for the first time in Bolivia instead of Office of the Comptroller of the Paris. The 2003 CG meeting took place in Republic, the Central Bank, the Internal Paris due to the unstable Bolivian political Revenue Service, the National Roads situation. The Government has postponed a Service, and the Customs Service. At the mini CG due to take place in January 2005. local level, departments and The Government has started moving municipalities still have insufficient toward the establishment of public-private structures and capacities to effectively partnerships. The draft National Rural implement policies and programs. While Development Strategy envisages the greater spending authority has been creation of alliances between small devolved to municipal governments, producers, market agents and local insufficient ability to raise taxes governments to strengthen local constrains planning and implementation infrastructure. capacity. Civil society organizations External partners are attempting to have limited capacity to consult with move toward aligning their support around their members and elaborate policy country development objectives, but proposals. assistance is still fragmented because of Country-led partnership uncertainty over what these objectives are. The five major external partners are The Government has started playing a Germany, the USA, IDB, the World Bank more active role in coordinating external and Spain, accounting for approximately 79 development assistance, following the percent of ODA in 2002-03. CAF, the transition period from the Sánchez de Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden, among Lozada to the Mesa administration others, also play an active role in Bolivia. where many strides on Government ODA accounted for 12 percent of GNI in leadership made during the first EBRP 2003.22 In 2004 Bolivia was selected as one were discontinued and external partners of the countries eligible for support through made some efforts to maintain the US Government's MCA. IDB is basing coordination. The Vice Ministry for its support on the draft revision of the Investment and External Financing in EBRP and the country's commitment to the Ministry of Finance leads meet the MDGs. The World Bank plans to coordination of both bilateral and multilateral development assistance 22 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at agencies. The Government and external http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/6/1867487.gif. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 32 Bolivia update its assistance strategy, either Descentralizada y Lucha contra la Pobreza through a new Country Assistance to support capacity for poverty reduction of Strategy or an update of the Country twenty-five government institutions at the Assistance Strategy FY04-05, to align it central and local level in line with the with the priorities identified in the new EBRP. EBRP. UNDP is supporting the Bolivia is a pilot country under the preparation of the EBRP. 2003 Rome Declaration on Harmonization, Partnerships in external financial and the Government and the development and analytical support are emerging, but assistance community are working closely action is at an early stage. External to prepare a harmonization action plan to be partners are conducting some analytical presented at the 2005 High-Level Forum on work jointly with the Government. IDB Aid Effectiveness. In the education sector and the World Bank prepared a CFAA external partners are undertaking joint and a joint PER, both in close missions and joint reviews. cooperation with the Government. Most external partners have DFID, the EC, Germany, IDB, the decentralized their decision-making Netherlands, SIDA, and USAID have processes or strengthened their presence in signed a Memorandum of Understanding the country to better participate in day-to- with the Government, providing for day dialogue. UNDP has recently deepened multi-donor budget support for the its decentralized decision-making implementation of the EBRP and the processes. The World Bank has established improvement of financial management. a Public Information Center in Bolivia and External partners are coalescing around is translating documents and information in government sector strategies through Spanish as well as in other local languages. preparation and implementation of The World Bank's Country Director had SWAps, including some that are pooling been decentralized to Lima, but is now funds. The EC is supporting a SWAp in based in Washington with a strengthened water and sanitation, and CIDA and Country Office in La Paz. Germany will join in 2005. The Netherlands, SIDA, DANIDA and the Results focus World Bank are preparing to support a SWAp in education. External partners The quality and availability of poverty- and the Ministry of Education will related data has improved. However, action jointly prepare a sustainability study for is still needed to strengthen information the implementation of the Multi-Annual reliability, timeliness and Operational Program. comprehensiveness. A census was completed in 2001 and since 1999 the Capacity building to local National Statistics Institute has undertaken governments and some key decentralized regular surveys on the improvement of institutions that provide non financial living conditions, carried out according to public services is still fragmented but internationally-agreed guidelines for the elements exist for alignment with region, known as MECOVI. The country priorities, even in the absence of Government is preparing a national a comprehensive capacity-building statistical development strategy, with the strategy. For example, in 2003 GTZ support of a multi-donor Trust Fund for prepared a comprehensive Programa de Statistical Capacity Building, managed by Apoyo a la Gestión Pública Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 33 Bolivia the World Bank. Government local languages relying on local radio and information management has improved television stations. since the introduction of SIGMA, which A country-level M&E system is not yet captures approximately half of central in place. The revised draft EBRP reduces government expenditures in real time the number of indicators presented in the and with substantial desegregation. The 2001 EBRP, and identifies seven system, however, does not yet track intermediate result indicators and five input expenditures of prefectures, indicators. There are several monitoring municipalities and other decentralized systems - sectoral and functional - whose public institutions, which account for the use and effectiveness vary considerably, majority of all public expenditures. and they are not yet integrated. UDAPE The draft revision of the EBRP is and the National Statistics Institute are posted on the UDAPE website, and the responsible for coordinating EBRP draft Estrategia Boliviana de Desarrollo monitoring and evaluation, collecting is on the website of the Ministry of information at the national, regional and Economic Development.23 During the municipal levels from census, surveys, and National Dialogue 2004, there was a administrative records. The National dedicated website with information on Statistics Institute has been developing a data the National Dialogue and a timetable collection methodology for local governments for municipal roundtables. The and piloted the use of information Government conducted an information technologies for M&E in fifteen campaign on the National Dialogue in municipalities. 23http://www.udape.gov.bo/ and http://www.des arrollo.gov.bo . BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Long-term holistic vision Bosnia and Herzegovina ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Bosnia and Herzegovina's long-term Long-Term Holistic Vision vision is EU integration and accession through the SAp. After the adoption of the Dayton Agreement in 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) consists of two Country- Country Entities, the Federation of Bosnia and led Ownership Partnership Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Republika Srpska (RS). Alongside the vision of EU integration, the Government is increasingly working to integrate a vision Results Focus for social and economic development. Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all The Government has prepared a criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Medium Term Development Strategy therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for (MTDS) 2004-07, BiH's PRS,24 whose that axis. three goals are components of the long- term vision and incorporate social and The MTDS has links to the budget economic development components: through the use of MTEFs in each entity, laying the groundwork for sustainable and which are directing expenditures towards balanced economic development, poverty priority sectors. MTEFs were prepared by reduction, and acceleration of EU each entity, FBiH and RS, for FY04-06. integration. Several sector strategies stem The MTEFs were the basis for the 2004 from the MTDS in areas like social budget and were a major consideration in welfare, education, health, environment, drafting the plan for fiscal reform. Both energy, infrastructure, etc. With UNDP entities have updated their MTEFs for the assistance, the Government successfully period 2005-07, and revised MTEFs have integrated the MDGs into the MTDS's been used to guide preparation of the objectives, with consideration for country- respective 2005 budgets. A Medium Term specific circumstances. Macroeconomic Framework is in place, and its macro projections include baseline The MTDS presents a balanced and and optimistic scenarios. Planned budget long-term approach to development. expenditures broadly reflect priorities Priority sectors are: fiscal reform, private identified in the MTDS. sector growth, reduction of the informal economy, social protection and education Country ownership reform. The strategy also focuses on Despite the increased number of cross-cutting issues like anti-corruption Government institutions resulting from initiatives, protection of human rights and the Dayton Agreement, the Government enforcement of the Law on Gender takes leadership in policy design through Equality. There is still a need to better an integrated structure that depends not prioritize the strategy. only on inter-ministerial, but also intra- entity coordination. The locus of 24The MTDS was completed in March 2004. initiative for the MTDS comes from the 34 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 35 Bosnia and Herzegovina BiH Council of Ministers and the two the BiH MTDS Coordinator leads entity Governments. During formulation, thematic, youth, private sector, and trade strategic decisions were made by the union consultations. An estimated 300 Coordination Board of Economic roundtables took place during MTDS Development and EU integration, which formulation, with several thousands includes the Chairman of the BiH Council participants. Consultations took place in of Ministers, other BiH ministers, as well three stages during formulation for each as the prime ministers and finance draft of the MTDS. ministers of both entities. A total of Civil society involvement was an eighteen inter-ministerial working groups, important component of MTDS represented by the Council of Ministers, formulation, as the Government sought to entity governments, and government at create a strategy that would be acceptable the canton and municipality levels, to the three main constituent ethnic defined proposals and priorities in groups. NGOs were represented in the different sectors. Technical coordination working groups that helped to formulate was entrusted to the Office of the BiH the strategy. Youth groups and trade Coordinator for Preparation of the MTDS unions from both entities were active in and to entity MTDS preparation offices. consultations, as members of the relevant The Coordination Board decided on the working groups and as participants in final priorities of the strategy after the public discussions and implementation of three rounds of consultations, and met a the strategy. The Government sought total of eighteen times. advice from experts and scholars during The Government intends to maintain consultations, and formed a Council of the same institutional framework during Scholars for the Preparation of the MTDS. MTDS implementation. The plan includes The Council's twenty-two scholars from dialogue with key stakeholders during local universities provided support and MTDS implementation. The Government advice to the working groups by attending has already involved stakeholders by working group deliberations and public sharing the first draft implementation debates. Another team of twenty-eight progress report. MTDS M&E will be experts was established to conduct carried out by the new Office for research for the working groups and Coordination of Economic Research and revise drafts. Monitoring of the Implementation of the The private sector played a role in BiH Medium-Term Development Strategy MTDS formulation. Business associations (EPPU). The EPPU plans to solicit were involved in the working groups, and feedback from stakeholders regarding foreign investors participated in consultations for the first progress report, consultations. At the state level, in order to improve the preparation of consultations with the private sector future progress reports. involved Chambers of Commerce and Structures for stakeholder business associations in both entities. involvement are in place, but consultation The BiH Parliament and the entity is not systematic. At the local level, parliaments were exceptionally involved responsibility for stakeholder participation in the consultation process. Each draft of falls on the Office of the MTDS the MTDS was presented to the relevant Coordinator in RS, FBiH, and the Brcko committees of the BiH Parliamentary District. At the state level, the Office of Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 36 Bosnia and Herzegovina Assembly for discussion. The final of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA version of the MTDS was approved by accounted for 7.4 percent of GNI in Parliament, although it is not a 2003.25 The World Bank's Country constitutional requirement that Parliament Assistance Strategy for FY05-07 was approve national development plans. The derived from the MTDS and supports its final implementation progress report was three specific goals. The EC's assistance presented to Parliament. The BiH Council is in line with the SAp and MTDS. SIDA of Ministers must present a progress is also providing development assistance report to the BiH Parliament every six in line with the MTDS, as is the months as agreed by both entities in the Netherlands. While USAID makes no MTDS, although it is not a constitutional explicit reference to the MTDS or SAp in requirement. its strategy, its assistance is directed Existing capacity for policy towards the achievement of similar formulation is hindered by institutional objectives in the areas of improved and political obstacles. Ministries have governance, human rights, and economic capacity for planning, but limited capacity development. for implementation because of high levels There is some joint analytical and of decentralization. The entity and canton financial support. A European Fund for governments have less capacity for Bosnia and Herzegovina was set up in planning and implementation. Political 1998, co-financed by the EC and other and ethnic tensions continue to run high, bilateral partners, and led by KfW. The and the autonomy of the entities as well as World Bank and EU have collaborated in the Brcko District, make it difficult to the preparation of economic reports and implement a truly national strategy. the World Bank has also worked jointly Inefficiencies abound by a constant with DFID in the preparation of analytical duplication of efforts. work related to private sector development initiatives. In addition, Country-led partnership CIDA, DFID, EBRD, the EC, EIB, KfW, The Government is placing increasing NORAD, Switzerland and USAID have emphasis on development assistance been working in close partnership in coordination and developing a new state- support of an electric power level coordination mechanism, pursuant to reconstruction project. More joint the conclusions of the CG held in financial and non-financial assistance is Sarajevo in September 2004, co-chaired envisioned. For example, external partners by the EC and the World Bank. While expressed interest during the September there is no mechanism at the national 2004 CG in developing SWAps around level, Aid Coordination Units were the Government's sector strategies. established at the state and entity level. Capacity building strategies are built External partners are progressively into most partners' assistance programs, aligning their assistance with the MTDS, but efforts remain fragmented. The EC's as the links between it and the SAp assistance has a strong focus on capacity become clearer. The six major external building in the public sector, seeking to partners are the EU, the World Bank, the harmonize legislation, public finance, and USA, Japan, Sweden and the Netherlands, accounting for approximately 80 percent 25 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/10/1867620.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 37 Bosnia and Herzegovina other practices with those of the EU. It is financial management system in place to expected that joint capacity building track expenditures, and this problem was efforts will materialize around SAp exacerbated by the duplication of reforms. government bodies and ministries in the The Government is not yet pursuing two entities. harmonization of development assistance Information about the MTDS is agency procedures with country systems. widely available, and the full text of the External partners agreed at the September MTDS can be found on the Government's 2004 CG that the MTDS and SAp are website in Bosnian and in English.26 The appropriate frameworks for Government organized a media campaign harmonization, given their complementary to encourage citizens' participation in the nature. debates and public consultations. The External partners are undertaking media is actively involved in the measures to decentralize decision-making, implementation process by disseminating albeit gradually. The World Bank's information relevant to the MTDS, Country Director is based in Washington, namely though press releases and press with portfolio management decentralized conferences. to the Country Office in Sarajevo. The Efforts are underway to fully establish a EC is also strengthening its country country-level M&E system. The EPPU will presence, and SIDA has decentralized work closely with the Directorate for decision-making to the country office. European Integration toward this end. This is Since 1996, the Netherlands has the first time that BiH has a strategy focused implemented a model for decentralizing on poverty issues. However, the strategies that responsibility to its country office. existed before the war were monitored by the relevant Ministries and reports were regularly Results focus prepared for the relevant authorities of the The quality of poverty-related data is Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina inadequate. The last population census or Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia took place in 1991, prior to the war. The directly by the line ministries. In addition to MTDS stresses the importance of monitoring MTDS progress by building on improving statistical methods and existing systems in line ministries, the EPPU institutions. A Living Standards will conduct research for future policy Measurement Survey survey was carried development, and produce monitoring reports out in 2001 by the BiH Statistics Agency, for public dissemination. Indicator as well as the FBiH Statistics Bureau and prioritization and redefinition is still a work in the RS Statistics Bureau, with technical progress, as indicators must reflect updated assistance from the World Bank. Since the poverty data. end of the war, there is no integrated 26http://www.bih.prsp.info/ BURKINA FASO Long-term holistic vision Burkina Faso ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The Government set its long-term Long-Term Holistic Vision development vision in its Letter of Intent for Sustainable Development Policy in 1995, which provides a conceptual framework for the country's medium-term Country- Country strategies. This vision focuses on human led Ownership Partnership security, defined as economic security, access to education and health, food security, environmental security, and lastly, individual and political securities. Results Focus The long-term vision was derived through Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments a consultative process, which stems from for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would a tradition of participatory, long-term therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for sector planning in the 1980's. that axis. Burkina Faso's medium-term strategy is the Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la example, deadlines for the attainment of Pauvreté (CSLP) II for 2004-06, Burkina universal education, poverty reduction and Faso's second PRS, whose policy actions the elimination of gender disparities in are guided by a matrix contained in a education have been updated to extend Priority Action Plan for 2004-06 (PAP). 27 beyond 2015 due to a low starting base The CSLP is the sole ongoing medium- and limited capacity. term strategy, stemming from the long- The updated CSLP II rests on the term vision. The CSLP pursues the same four pillars as the first CSLP: MDGs as well as more country-specific accelerated and equitable growth, better objectives, such as agriculture-led growth access to social services for the poor, and development of rural infrastructure. increased employment opportunities, and The MDGs are tailored to country-specific good governance. The strategy was fine- circumstances and their achievement is tuned to place greater emphasis on cross- linked to the four priority sectors of the cutting issues like gender integration, CSLP: education, health, drinking water, particularly in education, also regional and agriculture and livestock. Yearly integration, small business development, reviews allow for adjustments to the and the environment. CSLP II includes targets in accordance with lessons learned thirteen regional development plans and the availability of resources. For alongside the national plan, tailored to fit the specific circumstances of each region. Ten-year development plans, developed in 27 Burkina Faso's draft CSLP was completed in parallel to the first CSLP in sectors like January 2004, and the Priority Action Plan was completed in July 2004. The first CSLP was basic education, health, and budget completed in May 2000. The latest Progress expenditure reform, are ongoing. Report (for 2003) was completed in November 2004, and the first, second and third Progress The Government has linked the Reports in September 2001, September 2002, and strategy to the budget by adopting a three- December 2003, respectively. 38 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 39 Burkina Faso year rolling MTEF, which is now framework with the private sector and integrated with the budget cycle. For the civil society. The STC-PDES is in charge first time, the 2003-05 MTEF was of M&E and progress report preparation. prepared in time for its attachment to the Through its new institutional budget circular, prior to the finalization of mechanism, the Government has taken the 2003 budget. A 2004-06 MTEF was action to create a permanent structure for also finalized, with links to the PAP. To stakeholder involvement. Consultations date, budgetary allocations are consistent for formulation of the first CSLP and its with the PRSP in that expenditures have progress reports, led by the MED, were increased for priority sectors like inclusive, but inconsistent. Consultations education, infrastructure, agricultural for CSLP II took place over a period of support, and health. However, the MTEF seven months, and ranged from still needs to be complemented by results- consultations to review the old strategy, to based program budgets at the sectoral final consultations to review the draft level and disbursements should be linked CSLP II. CSLP II formulation was more closely to the outcome of the M&E enriched by ten regional consultations for system. The finalization of a Health the creation of regional strategies, which MTEF in 2005 and the new PAP are also fed into the national strategy. positive steps in that direction. Yearly However, participation of stakeholders CSLP reviews have also brought was limited during PAP formulation. improvements to the MTEF exercise, and Under the new framework, yearly line ministries are starting to prepare participatory CSLP revisions are to take prioritized sector plans in line with the place at the national and regional levels, CSLP. and regional councils serve as a Country ownership permanent venue for dialogue with stakeholders. Acting upon the perceived limitations of the first CSLP, the Government developed CSOs, namely NGOs, women's and formalized a new institutional groups and academics, participated in all mechanism for CSLP implementation. the consultations for the CSLP II. NGOs The Ministry of Economy and held workshops in 2003 to discuss Development (MED) retained its possibilities for increased participation in leadership in coordinating CSLP CSLP implementation, and their formulation and updates. An Inter- conclusions were included in CSLP II. ministerial Steering Committee guides Civil society also maintains dialogue with policy and is responsible for keeping the Government through representatives sector approaches in line with the strategy. in the Economic and Social Council, an The mechanism also includes sectoral and advisory government body. thematic groups, of which six are active. Private sector participation is An Executive CSLP Secretariat - the increasing as the Government has Secrétariat Technique pour la expressed greater interest in adding the Coordination des Programmes de private sector's inputs to the strategy. Développement Economique et Social Agricultural producers' groups and other (STC-PDES) within the MED - is in members of the private sector participated charge of regional councils, national in consultations for the CSLP and in the consultations, and a partnership workshops to review the updated strategy. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 40 Burkina Faso The Government met exclusively with the presented the updated CSLP II and PAP to Chamber of Commerce and other business external partners. The Government has associations to discuss priorities for identified lead agencies in a number of private sector growth to include in the sectors, for example, CIDA in education CSLP II. The Economic and Social and the World Bank and EC in budget Council has various private sector support. representatives who were involved in The Government is taking steps to formulation. consolidate strong public/private Upon completing CSLP II, it was partnerships through the submitted to the Economic and Social institutionalization of a framework for Council for review and comments. The private sector/civil society involvement. CSLP II was then submitted to the With the private sector in particular, the National Assembly for approval. Despite Government is studying legal reforms to having approved the CSLP and CSLP II, facilitate their participation in expanding the National Assembly does not discuss economic opportunities. The Government Progress Reports. The Constitution also envisions a partnership with civil requires Parliamentary approval of society, and intends to provide capacity national development plans, and allows building for local organizations in order to for their previous review by the Economic increase their effectiveness. CSOs are and Social Council. active in the implementation of sector Capacity to implement the strategy strategies, particularly education. The falls short of formulation capacity. government continually encourages CSOs Central ministries involved in sector and to organize on a national level and get thematic groups are building capacity to involved in the implementation of other develop and implement projects to sector strategies. achieve CSLP goals. The central Overall, external partners have government is strengthening local aligned their assistance with the PRSP. governments as part of an initiative to The five major external partners are the decentralize, also in accordance with the World Bank, France, the EU, the objectives of the CSLP. At the local Netherlands and the AfDB, accounting for level, however, Development Committees approximately 74 percent of gross ODA are successfully coordinating CSLP- in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 10.8 related programs. Efforts to improve percent of GNI in 2003.28 The budget control systems are still necessary. Government has identified the CSLP as the single framework for all external Country-led partnership partners' budgetary and project support. The Government has made increasing The World Bank's Country Assistance efforts to take the lead in development Strategy FY00-03 and the Country assistance coordination, particularly after Assistance Strategy Progress Report launching CSLP II. With the UNDP, the FY04-05 stem directly from the first Government co-chairs RT meetings to PRSP, as do the strategies of the EC for coordinate assistance from various 2001-07, the Netherlands and other multilateral and bilateral partners; the last donors. The World Bank is preparing a meeting took place in March 2004 in Ouagadougou, where the Government 28 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/24/1877725.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 41 Burkina Faso new Country Assistance Strategy develop a national capacity building plan consistent with the CSLP II. AFD in consultation with external partners. activities for 2005-07 support CSLP The Government has developed a joint objectives. In 2005 Burkina Faso was statistical capacity building strategy with selected to apply for a Threshold Program, assistance from external partners. managed by the MCC and USAID, to help External partners are working countries work toward MCA eligibility. towards harmonization around Joint analytical and financial work is strengthened government systems in encouraging partnerships among external financial management, including auditing partners and with the Government. In and accounting systems. In 2002, the 2002, a joint World Bank/SPA CFAA was inter-ministerial council designed a new completed along with other partners like plan for budget reform, the Plan de Belgium, France, Germany, Japan, the Réforme de la Gestion Budgétaire, in Netherlands, Switzerland and the IMF. In order to strengthen the transparency, 2004, the World Bank and the IMF reliability and efficiency of the budget worked jointly to update the process as suggested by the PRSP. Accountability Assessment and Action External partners including the EC, Plan on the tracking of poverty UNDP, France and the AfDB aligned their expenditures under the HIPC Initiative. programs to this initiative. Harmonization The World Bank joined France, Germany of external partners' procedures may take and the UK to carry out a study on the form of joint annual PRSP reviews Operationalizing Pro-Poor Growth in and common project performance several countries, including Burkina Faso. indicators. In January 2005, the government External partners are undertaking approved a Memorandum of initial efforts to decentralize their Understanding for joint budgetary support operations through a more substantial to implement the PRSP along with eight country presence, thus improving their other partners: the EC, the World Bank, daily interactions with the Government the AfDB, France, Denmark, Sweden, the and each other. Efforts are underway to Netherlands, and Switzerland. The World strengthen the World Bank's Country Bank is supporting this framework Office, whose Country Manager is through a series of PRSCs, the first of stationed in Ouagadougou, and the which was in 2001. The Government has Country Director is based in Washington. prepared a number of SWAps in UNDP has decentralized its decision- education, HIV/AIDS and water supply making to its Country Office. The AFD sectors, supported by most external program is managed by an office in partners. An example is the 10-year Ouagadougou. Education Program, for which the Government signed a partnership Results focus agreement with thirteen external partners The Government is taking action to for their support of basic education improve its systems for data collection. programs. The National Institute of Statistics and The Government is taking action to Demographics (NISD) is the lead statistics coordinate capacity building efforts on a agency, and is responsible for national level. Efforts are underway to coordination between line ministries and Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 42 Burkina Faso the Poverty Observatory. The NISD the M&E system in place from the conducted three Living Standards Conditionality Reformulation Test Measurement Surveys, in 1994, 1998 and Exercises, initiated in 1997, that focused 2003. The World Bank and AFRISTAT on health, education, and budget aided in the creation of a statistical master management. The National Poverty and plan, and the Government has completed a Sustainable Human Development national statistical development strategy, Observatory (ONAPAD) and with the support of a multi-donor Trust Employment and Occupational Training Fund for Statistical Capacity Building, Observatory were created with assistance managed by the World Bank. There is from UNDP to monitor poverty reduction greater ongoing analysis of budget indicators in priority sectors. In implementation and execution of program particular, ONAPAD is in charge of the budgets in relation to priority sectors, and design of the M&E system, building on there is tracking of ministry expenditures. past systems, which responds to the The Government has plans to launch CSLP. The STC-PDES within the a communications campaign to Ministry of Finance is responsible for disseminate information about the CSLP. coordinating all M&E activities, and Dissemination of the CSLP was consolidating reports from regional and widespread during consultations, partly by sectoral groups for progress report way of media coverage of the formulation. The STC-PDES shall submit consultations and partly by way of CSOs yearly reports to the Inter-ministerial and their exposure to the CSLP at various Steering Committee for CSLP II and PAP stages. A copy of the CSLP II can be yearly revisions. The Government has found on the website of the Prime dedicated great effort into redefining the Minister's Office.29 set of indicators. The revised set, which was narrowed down to include 28 A country-level M&E system is indicators, is included in the PAP. under development. The CSLP inherited 29http://www.primature.gov.bf/documents/docum ents.php BURUNDI Burundi is recovering from a civil war Burundi ­ 2005 marked by ethnic violence between Tutsi CDF Assessment Diamond and Hutu factions started in 1993. The Long-Term Holistic Vision peace process has advanced since the signing of the Arusha Peace Accords in August 2000, leading to cease-fire agreements, the creation of a three-year Country- Country Transitional Government with a led Ownership Partnership successful transition of the Presidency from a Tutsi to a Hutu at its 2003 mid- point, and the incorporation of the larger non-signatory armed group into the Results Focus Arusha process. While most of the Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments country remained relatively calm for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would throughout 2004, sporadic attacks took therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for place in the western province of that axis. Bujumbura-Rural, the stronghold of a faction of the Forces Nationales de all of them can be met. The vision Liberation (FNL), the only group that has considers poverty as one of the underlying not signed a ceasefire agreement with the sources of conflict and bad governance, Government. Thirty percent of the and strives towards its eradication, sub- population continues to be displaced. regional economic integration, broad General elections are scheduled to be held access to education, health and hygiene, during the summer of 2005. industrialization, and institutional transparency. A Cadre Stratégique de Long-term holistic vision Croissance et de Lutte contre la Pauvreté Some preliminary steps toward (CSLP), Burundi's PRS, is under developing a long-term vision have been preparation.30 taken. Spurred by the Arusha Peace Following the end of the war, the Accords, the Government - with the former authorities prepared a post-conflict support of external partners - launched a development strategy - Government long-term economic and social Transitional Strategy (GTS) - focused on development program, focused on short-term humanitarian relief and remedying the economic difficulties and emergency assistance, which also reversing the intensification of poverty. A addressed medium-term reconstruction preliminary long-term vision of and longer-term reconciliation and development is contained in the Interim development. The GTS covered the period Strategic Framework for Accelerating 2001-03 and was presented at a meeting Economic Growth and Reducing Poverty, among external partners held in Paris in which is the IPRSP, and whose targets for December 2000. It underscored the need 2015 are in line with the MDGs, though not 30 The Interim Strategic Framework for Accelerating Economic Growth and Reducing Poverty was completed in November 2003. The CSLP is expected end-2005. 43 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 44 Burundi for social inclusion and a participatory prepare periodic Public Investment approach to development, and aimed at Programs - both at the macroeconomic reducing poverty through employment in level and at the individual budgetary the reconstruction and rehabilitation of sector level - and a division within each economic and social infrastructure. ministry is in charge of planning, The IPRSP - which was approved by programming, and budgeting. the Cabinet ­ incorporates a medium-term Country ownership development strategy for 2003-06, based on six pillars: 1) strengthening the The Arusha Peace Accords envisioned an processes of consolidating peace and Inter-Ministerial Reconstruction and democratic governance; 2) reintegrating Development Unit - composed of the victims of the crisis and other representatives from the Ministries of disadvantaged groups into the economy; Planning, Finance, and Reintegration - to 3) promoting private sector development; prepare a medium and long-term 4) adopting social policies aimed at development plan, as well as an improving human capital; 5) undertaking emergency reconstruction plan. The HIV/AIDS prevention activities and current Government includes a Ministry providing treatment for infected persons; of Development Planning and and 6) advancing the role of women in Reconstruction. The formulation of the development. The Government is CSLP was launched in May 2004 under developing more detailed sector strategies the leadership of the Head of State. A to elaborate concrete plans to achieve Permanent Secretariat for Monitoring these objectives. In early 2004 it presented Economic and Social Reforms has been to external partners a strategy to created in the Vice President's Office and encourage the resettlement of internally chairs an Équipe d'Organisation et de displaced persons and the return of Coordination sur le Processus Participatif refugees, known as the National Program (EOCCP) - with Government and for the Rehabilitation of Affected People, stakeholder participation - charged with to be implemented over 2004-06. The managing the CSLP process. It is Government has also designed an anti- composed of a core consisting of the corruption strategy, with the support of Planning, Finance and Reintegration the World Bank and Transparency ministries, with the involvement of International, and a participatory coffee Education, Health, Agriculture and sector development strategy. Livestock, Women's Promotion, Communal Development, and Public Preliminary action has been taken to Infrastructure ministries, as well as other develop a link between the budget and the stakeholders. An inter-ministerial Comité national development strategy. A MTEF Technique de Suivi de Politique is not in place yet, but the Government is Économique et Sociale is in charge of planning to prepare one in FY06 in line developing indicators for M&E. with the priorities identified in the IPRSP. The FY04 and FY05 budgets reflect Involvement of national stakeholders IPRSP priorities in their structure and in strategy formulation has increased over content, and the share of capital time. Despite the difficulties related to expenditure increased significantly for intense fighting, the Government programs aiming at poverty reduction. conducted nationwide consultations in the The Government is also planning to capital Bujumbura and in four regions - Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 45 Burundi from July 2000 to January 2002 - implementation and monitoring of involving about 3,400 persons, out of activities at the local level. which 30 percent were women. It also Civil society has been well organized thematic seminars and represented during CSLP formulation. workshops, which included CSOs, including NGOs, religious representatives of sectoral ministries, such denominations, youth and women's as Planning and Finance, as well as other associations are represented in the stakeholders. The Government is taking EOCCP and took part in the nation-wide measures to establish an Economic and and regional consultations for IPRSP and Social Council - a consultative CSLP preparation, as well as in the organization planned by the Interim thematic seminars and workshops. CSOs Constitution, which is expected to be are represented in the Comité Technique composed of representatives of different de Suivi de Politique Économique et socio-professional sectors, and whose Sociale and the Government has plans to consultation will be mandatory on every involve them in dialogue during CSLP economic development plan and regional implementation. They are represented in integration project. the decentralized committees and The Government has been conducting councils. even broader consultations since May The private sector is involved through 2004, asking every grassroots community its representation in the EOCCP and to choose municipal and regional Comité Technique de Suivi de Politique representatives in the formulation of the Économique et Sociale, as well as through CSLP. Consultations are being finalized. its participation in the workshops The CSLP consultation process has been organized by the Government for IPRSP partially decentralized by the formulation. Its role has been Government, which has encouraged the strengthened in consultations for the establishment of a Poverty Reduction and CSLP through more effective dialogue CSLP Drafting Provincial Committee with the public sector - promoted by (chaired by Provincial Governments), and existing "dialogue committees" on taxes, of a Poverty Reduction and CSLP procurement, customs and fraud. The Drafting Communal Council (chaired by dialogue committees have become Communal Governments), as well as of inactive, but their role is expected to be Community Development and Poverty revamped through further private sector Fighting Committees (CDCs), which are consultations on the CSLP. community bodies charged with overseeing efforts for sustainable Parliamentary involvement in development. They are being established strategy formulation is strong. Some in all the provinces after their election by members of the National Assembly were local communities, and during CSLP involved in the consultations for IPRSP implementation they are likely to achieve formulation and the Government has plans formal legal recognition. CDCs are key to have parliamentarians represented in institutions for the devolution of power to CSLP Drafting Provincial Committees. local communities: they will provide The Arusha Peace Accords require that regular updates of Community the National Assembly approve the long- Development Plans and will identify and and medium-term development plan, and manage the necessary resources for the 2004 Transitional Constitution states Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 46 Burundi that laws should determine the objectives NGOs are strongly involved in of the Government's economic and social activities funded by external partners. The action. The National Assembly has not Government is envisaging participation of approved the IPRSP. The Transitional the private sector in CSLP monitoring and Constitution also requires the National implementation. Assembly to approve the annual budget. External partners are aligning their The National Assembly has taken its development assistance strategies with the responsibilities assiduously, linking the I-PRSP. The five major external partners budget to the IPRSP and holding the are the EU, the World Bank, the USA, Government accountable for its actions. Belgium, and Norway, accounting for The Government's capacity to design approximately 78.5 percent of gross ODA and implement pro-poor economic reform in 2002-03. France, AfDB, and the programs is limited. Capacity of the Netherlands are also active. ODA central administration has been weakened accounted for 33.8 percent of GNI in by a decade of conflict; however, CDCs 2003.31 In 2002 the World Bank approved are able to execute plans and programs at a FY02-04 Transitional Support Strategy the grassroots level. Public affairs (TSS) which supports the CSLP process, management capacity needs to be and it is finalizing a second FY05-07 TSS strengthened at all levels: macroeconomic, which will focus on the priority needs sectoral and decentralized administrative outlined in the IPRSP and in the capacities, as well as the capacities of forthcoming CSLP. In 2003 the EC grassroots communities and civil society. adopted a 2003-07 Country Strategy Paper In 2001 the Government set up a Ministry which is in line with the IPRSP, as is the of Good Governance and Privatization, 2005-07 UN Development Assistance which is working towards reconstituting Framework. The 2003-05 USAID institutional and human capacities Integrated Strategic Plan for Burundi is weakened by the crisis. aligned with the IPRSP and with the Arusha Peace Accords. Country-led partnership Some partnerships are materializing The Government does not yet take through joint analytical and financial leadership over development assistance support. SWAps are currently under coordination. The latest RT meeting was development. A health SWAp is at an held in January 2004 in Brussels and advanced stage, while implementation of chaired by UNDP. In theory, the Ministry those in education and agriculture is likely of Finance is responsible for follow-ups to begin in the next two years. The and coordination of external partner Government, the World Bank, AfDB, and activities within the context of informal France conducted a CFAA in June 2004 working groups, but development and a CPAR is planned for FY06. The assistance agencies usually take the lead World Bank, the EC, France, and Belgium in this field. For example, the EC have plans to support the Government in organizes monthly general information its implementation of the CFAA meetings for European external partners, recommendations. The World Bank, the aimed at improving overall coordination EC, and the IMF collaborated on a coffee of development assistance. 31 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/25/1877766.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 47 Burundi sector reform, with broader support by based in Bujumbura to facilitate policy UNDP, FAO, and France in the dialogue with the authorities and other agriculture sector. stakeholders. The World Bank has plans Capacity building is still fragmented, to strengthen its Country Office to but some partnerships are emerging. Since facilitate its involvement in the outer 2004 the World Bank has been supporting provinces. Belgium, France, the EC, the a multi-sector capacity building project, Netherlands, and the UK have strong aimed at supporting capacity building for offices in the country. USAID has a economic management and the contract representative. implementation of institutional and policy Results focus reforms, strengthening public administration and the transitional Data quality is weak as a result of institutions for improving governance, and capacity constraints, as well as the supporting the formulation and inability to access parts of the country implementation of the poverty reduction where violence is ongoing. Several strategy. Action Aid, AfDB, the EC, institutions are responsible for producing France, and UNDP support this effort. and analyzing economic, financial, and France is involved in mid-career macro- social statistics, including the Central economic and fiscal training. The IMF Bank, the National Statistical Institute provides training to the Central Bank and (ISTEEBU), and the Permanent the Ministry of Finance, and in November Secretariat for Monitoring Economic and 2004 it conducted a multi-sectoral mission Social Reforms. However, there is an for comprehensive statistics diagnosis for urgent need to modernize these more efficient and focused technical institutions and their statistical collection support. methods, and the Government is improving their coordination. A Some development assistance household survey based on the CWIQ was agencies are pursuing harmonization conducted in 2002, and a Public activities with each other, but there has Expenditure Tracking Survey will be not yet been a move toward harmonizing conducted with support from the World with country systems. The World Bank Bank. The Government is planning to and BMZ are undertaking joint funding undertake comprehensive poverty and monitoring of the demobilization and assessments every five years and shorter reintegration program, which started in surveys every two years. The latest December 2004. The UN, the general census of the population was Netherlands, Belgium, and France are key conducted in 1990, and the Government players in providing technical and has plans to conduct a new one in 2006. financial support to the establishment of a There is a financial management system, national police force tasked with ensuring which is not yet fully integrated and internal security. computerized, and is weakened by some A number of development assistance overlapping of responsibilities between agencies are taking steps to increase their the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry presence in the country to better of Good Governance and Privatization. participate in daily decision making. The The Government has started addressing World Bank's Country Director is based these issues by introducing a in Washington, with a Country Manager Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 48 Burundi computerized system, with the support of emphasis on monitoring and evaluating DFID, UNDP and the World Bank. poverty reduction activities, and it has Information on the Government's plans to establish a three-year operational policies is easily accessible. Radio and program aimed at producing indicators for television broadcasts covered the CSLP monitoring the poverty reduction strategy, process, as well as articles published in as well as the achievement of the MDGs. the private and public press. The IPRSP targets are clearly specified and a Government has a website dedicated to matrix of actions identifies progress the CSLP process, where the IPRSP can indicators. However, in some instances, be found in English and French. The objectives are left vague and are not tied CSLP Preparation Status Report and other to an explicit strategy or timeframe. information on the consultation process AFRISTAT has helped develop a database and the budget are also available on the containing the indicators. An envisaged website.32 While the IPRSP has not been country-level M&E system is expected to translated into Kirundi, the participatory be supported by the World Bank and consultations for CSLP formulation and UNDP working in partnership. However, IPRSP implementation are conducted in M&E plans are constrained by limited Kirundi at the community level, and in capacity and the difficulty in attracting French at the Sectoral/Thematic level. qualified staff at civil service pay scales. The Government places particular 32http://www.cslpburundi.org CAMBODIA Cambodia gained independence from Cambodia ­ 2005 France in 1953. In April 1975 - after a CDF Assessment Diamond five-year civil war - Communist Khmer Long-Term Holistic Vision Rouge forces captured the capital Phnom Penh and began to enforce a program of radical revolutionary transformation. Over 1.5 million died from starvation, Country- Country overwork and violence over the next four led Ownership Partnership years. In 1978, a Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside; they, along with two non- communist guerilla movements, Results Focus regrouped on the Thai border and Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments conducted a running civil war against the for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Vietnamese-installed Government over therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for the course of the 1980s. A peace accord that axis. was signed in Paris in 1991, mandating a UN-supervised ceasefire and democratic coalition Government announced a 2004- elections, which were held in 1993. The 08 Rectangular Strategy for Growth, resulting coalition foundered in inter-party Employment, Equity and Efficiency, fighting in 1997. National elections were which serves as the political mandate for held again in 1998 and led to the the current term and focuses on good formation of another coalition governance, peace, social order, Government and a measure of renewed macroeconomic stability, partnership, and political stability, helped by the surrender economic integration. of the last elements of the Khmer Rouge Similarly, there are several medium- in 1999. Elections in 2003 were relatively term development strategies. A peaceful, but in searching to defend or Governance Action Plan was prepared in gain political advantage the parties took a 2000 to address emerging concerns about year to negotiate a coalition Government, governance issues. The country adopted a which was eventually formed in July system of five-year plans, with the first 2004. Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP) for 1996-2000 prepared with the Long-term holistic vision support of ADB. During preparation of Cambodia has developed several the Second Five-Year Socio-Economic long-term visions. Following the 1998 Development Plan for National Economic elections, the Government presented a Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Triangle Strategy which focused on peace, for 2001-05 (SEDP 2), attempts were demobilization, and regional economic made to reach an agreement that it - with integration for the next decade. A Financial some new features - would serve for the Sector Development Vision and Plan (FSD) World Bank and IMF as Cambodia's PRS. has been elaborated for 2001-10. The Although this wasn't in the end possible, there was an effort to articulate the complementarity and distinction between 49 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 50 Cambodia it and the National Poverty Reduction issues. It also built upon well-developed Strategy (NPRS) 2003-05, Cambodia's medium-term sector strategies in health PRS.33 The Government and the major and education - although the linkages external partners have agreed that the between sector-level and overarching SEDP 2 and NPRS would be replaced by medium-term strategies need to be a single medium-term strategy for the improved. planning period 2006-10, to be supported Aligning the annual budget and the by all development assistance agencies. MTEF to medium-term strategic priorities Preparations for the National Strategic remains a key implementation challenge. Development Plan (NSDP) 2006-10 The initial promise that NPRS began in December 2004. It is hoped that implementation might contribute to this the NSDP will lay out concrete policies plan-budget linkage was never fully and investments needed to realize the realized, partly because of post-election vision contained in the Rectangular impasse and changes in political positions Strategy. involved in the formation of the The NPRS noted the importance of Government, and partly because of more developing specific Cambodia deep-rooted institutional weaknesses, Millennium Development Goals especially in terms of unclearly defined (CMDGs). These were formulated with roles and relationships between the UN support in 2003 and published as the Ministry of Planning (MOP) and Ministry Cambodian Millennium Development of Economy and Finance (MEF). MEF is Goals Report (CMDGR). The NSDP will now embarking on a Public Financial incorporate the CMDGs and will create Management reform program, endorsed consensus around a practical, unified by the Prime Minister, which aims to framework for monitoring and evaluating make the budget credible as a policy national-level implementation and instrument. The Government is preparing outcomes. This single M&E and a 2005-07 MTEF, seeking to prioritize reporting framework will take the expenditures based on strategic objectives, CMDGs to define the ultimate outcome including that of sustaining a reallocation goals. Cambodia is a UN Millennium of resources from defense and security to Project pilot country. priority areas such as education and The NPRS focuses on three pillars: 1) health. The Government has plans to growth through exports, tourism, and prepare sectoral MTEFs starting in 2006. agriculture development; 2) governance Initiatives for performance budgeting and and public expenditure management; and management are mainly confined to the 3) infrastructure and human development. education and health sectors. The MEF It also addresses cross-sectoral matters plays a central role in monitoring budget like gender inequality, HIV/AIDS, private execution and MTEF implementation. sector development, and environmental Country ownership 33The Triangle Strategy was developed in 1998. The locus of initiative for strategy The Financial Sector Development Vision and formulation shifted over the course of Plan was approved in 2001. The First SEDP was SEDP 2 and NPRS preparation. The IPRS finalized in 1996, and the Second SEDP was process was led by the MEF. After the completed in 2001. The NPRS was finalized in completion of the IPRS, the MOP became December 2002, and a Progress Report was completed in August 2004. responsible for both NPRS and SEDP 2 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 51 Cambodia preparation. In December 2000 the Civil society was involved in NPRS Government created a Council for Social formulation and implementation, both as Development (CSD) - an inter-ministerial critics and contributors. Civil society body chaired by the Minister of Planning - organizations and NGOs participated in which was given responsibility for NPRS the five national workshops, in the formulation and implementation. The provincial consultations, and in the CSD functioned well in coordinating with consultations organized by line ministries. its planning counterparts in the line CSOs also offered their contribution to ministries during NPRS formulation. Progress Report drafts. There is a NGO However, several line ministries were not Forum which consists of local and sufficiently engaged, and the effectiveness international NGOs active in of the CSD function declined over the development-related activities. In October course of 2003-04. The CSD is assisted by 2000, 85 NGO representatives a General Secretariat (GSCSD) - participated in a National NGO Workshop established in August 2001 - which is that followed several meetings with tribe chaired by an Under Secretary of State of and poor community leaders. In June 2002 the MOP. A Supreme National Economic the NGO "Women for Prosperity" Council attached to MEF drafted the first conducted consultations with poor women Progress Report on the implementation of in four different provinces, and in October the NPRS and recommended necessary 2002 - in collaboration with the NGO adjustments. Forum - it organized a roundtable on Action has been taken towards a "Gender issues in the NPRS." NGOs sustainable structure for stakeholder provided feedback on NPRS drafts involvement in policy formulation and through the NPRS Advisory Group. After implementation. The GSCSD organized a the August 2002 national workshop, a series of participation activities for the number of trade unions formed a Union formulation of the NPRS. These included Committee for the NPRS, which also five national workshops (in April 2001, provided comments on NPRS drafts. April, May, August, and November Local and international NGOs are key 2002); three provincial consultation partners in monitoring and evaluating the meetings; and direct consultations with NPRS, undertaking their own micro-level the poor. Four key line ministries - surveys and evaluation studies. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Private sector participation in NPRS Health; Education, Youth and Sport; and formulation was limited. The private Rural Development - were also actively sector participated in the April 2001 engaged in NPRS formulation and held national workshop, and it had a focal extensive consultations to prepare their person liaising with GSCSD and assisting strategic plans. In December 2003, the it in the organization of dissemination Supreme National Economic Council meetings. organized a consultation workshop on Parliament was involved in NPRS NPRS implementation as input into the formulation, although it has not had a Progress Report, in collaboration with the strong role in pursuing implementation or GSCSD, which continues to hold regular monitoring. Some parliamentarians monthly meetings. The health sector participated in the national workshops strategy provides for community held for NPRS formulation, and in participation in the annual plan revisions. October 2002 the Government organized a Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 52 Cambodia workshop specifically for the Assembly. society and private sector participation. Despite no constitutional requirement for They are chaired by the World Bank. The the legislature to approve a national Minister of Economy and Finance and the development plan, the Assembly approved World Bank Country Director co-chaired the Triangle Strategy, the SEDP, the for the first time the last CG meeting - SEDP 2, and the NPRS. The Government which was held in December 2004 in plans to submit the National Strategic Phnom Penh - on Promoting Good Development Plan 2006-10 to the Governance for Poverty Reduction. Assembly for approval. Both the Since 1999 the Government meets Assembly and the Senate should play a with external partners for mid-term significant role in linking policies and reviews between full CG meetings. Mid- strategies to the budget, and in reviewing term reviews have been chaired NPRS implementation progress. alternatively by UNDP and ADB. In Planning, budgeting, and financial October 2003, the Prime Minister management capacity is limited; however, approved a proposal to restructure the Government is starting to undertake working groups which operate under the civil service reforms to strengthen these CG mechanism. Seventeen Technical capacities. The Governance Action Plan, Working Groups are now co-chaired amongst many other initiatives, contains jointly by Government and external many provisions which commit the partners, and they presented their action Government to directly address root plans at the December 2004 CG meeting. causes of corruption. The Government is The Government is taking the lead in the also drafting an Anti-corruption Law that Government-Donor Partnership Working is expected to be submitted to the National Group - established in December 2002 Assembly for adoption during 2005. under the CG mechanism - dealing with substantive issues on governance, natural Country-led partnership resources and environment. The The Government is taking increasing Government-Donor Partnership Working leadership in development assistance Group is chaired by the Council for the coordination. It established a Council for Development of Cambodia, and co- the Development of Cambodia - which is chaired by UNDP and Japan. charged with coordinating all Most external partners support the development assistance and foreign direct Government's plans to merge SEDP 2 and investment - and an Inter-ministerial the NPRS into one development strategy, Steering Committee to Strengthen and are taking measures to align their Development Partnership. The development assistance with these Government also created a Government- strategies. The five major external Donor Coordination Committee, which is partners are Japan, ADB, the World Bank, an important forum to review progress on the USA and France accounting for a quarterly basis. The Government, with approximately 77 percent of gross ODA the support of its external partners, is in 2002-03. The EU is also important. preparing a manual of basic principles of ODA accounted for 12.5 percent of GNI ODA management which are planned for in 2003.34 The UN is using the NPRS as implementation starting December 2005. CG meetings have been held in Phnom 34 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at Penh since June 2002, facilitating civil http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/15/1879774.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 53 Cambodia the basis for its country-level planning, specifically in transport, energy, and water the 2000-03 EC Country Strategy Paper is - starting in mid-2005. A SWAp in Public fully supportive of the NPRS process and Financial Management was launched in the 2003-05 ADB Country Strategy and late 2004. The World Bank is considering Program is based on SEDP 2. ADB is also budget support through a series of PRSCs. finalizing its 2005-09 Country Strategy In 2003, ADB, the IMF and the World and Program, which is closely aligned Bank - with significant contributions from with the Rectangular Strategy. The World other external partners - finalized a joint Bank, ADB, DFID, and UN agencies have Integrated Fiduciary Assessment and followed a joint process for preparing PER. In 2004, The World Bank their country assistance strategies, which completed a CPAR in close cooperation has resulted in the March 2005 adoption with ADB. by the World Bank of a Country Capacity building support is still Assistance Strategy - most sections of largely fragmented, but efforts are which are shared with ADB, DFID, and underway to reduce fragmentation, UN agencies' country strategies - which is particularly through a multi-donor public aligned with the Rectangular Strategy and financial management SWAp, which is aims at supporting NSDP development. helping in implementing key USAID is preparing a new Integrated recommendations of the 2003 Integrated Strategic Plan to align its development Fiduciary Assessment and Public assistance strategy with the NPRS and the Expenditure Review. The EC capacity SEDP 2. development contributions are fully in line External partners are working in with the NPRS, and USAID supports partnership in providing both financial capacity development in health and and analytical support to the NPRS. The education in ways that are broadly World Bank and ADB are conducting consistent with the NPRS. However, there joint portfolio reviews with the are issues of overlap, and coordination Government. SWAps have been under needs to be improved. preparation since 2000, and are The Government has taken action operational in education, health, as well as toward harmonization of different in the decentralization program, which development assistance agency aims to promote local governance and procedures with country systems. achieve poverty reduction through Cambodia is a pilot country under the decentralized local planning processes. 2003 Rome Declaration on ADB is supporting SWAps in education Harmonization, and in 2004 the and health, and USAID supports the Government and the World Bank jointly health SWAp, giving particular attention sponsored four harmonization workshops, to the HIV/AIDS and child survival which led to the preparation of a National components. The EC supports the Action Plan for Harmonization and education, health, and decentralization Alignment 2004-08. The Plan - which was SWAps. Work is on-going in the areas of presented to external partners at the Private Sector Development and Land December 2004 CG for endorsement - is Management with the support of the EC, focused on ownership and leadership, and the Government is planning on capacity building, alignment, and expanding the application of SWAps in harmonization and streamlining. The agriculture and infrastructure - Government and external partners - Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 54 Cambodia including the World Bank, UNDP, Results focus Australia, and Japan - finalized the draft Action is being taken to strengthen data during the fourth workshop held by the analysis capacity. The National Institute Council for the Development of of Statistics - with assistance from the Cambodia in October 2004. During the World Bank and UNDP - is conducting a workshop, the Government and external Cambodian Socio-Economic Survey partners also drafted a Cambodia 2003-04 on multiple dimensions of Declaration, expressing their willingness poverty, and it is planning a Demographic to implement the Harmonization Action and Health Survey for 2005 with the Plan 2004-08 through improved support of USAID. During 2005, the predictability of resources, renewed Cambodian Development Research commitment to SWAps, broader use of Institute and the Ministry of Planning - in sectoral Technical Working Groups in collaboration with NGOs and external technical assistance and analytical work, partners ­ is undertaking new research on and greater Government transparency in poverty issues including a PPA in the procurement and financial management. Tonle Sap region supported by the ADB The Cambodia Declaration was signed in and a Moving out of Poverty study December by twelve of Cambodia's major examining the dynamics of poverty development partners. To facilitate supported by the World Bank. harmonization, the Government - with the support of external partners, including Some elements exist for increasing ADB - has prepared a comprehensive stakeholder access to development Public Finance Management Program to information. The Government is starting strengthen fiscal management, and it is to conduct awareness campaigns through has started to review and upgrade its the media and public education. The procurement system. NPRS was prepared in English; it was summarized, translated into Khmer, and Several development assistance disseminated nationally as a short agencies are increasing their presence in pamphlet. The Government's website - the country to better participate in daily where the NPRS can be found in English - decision-making. The World Bank is accessible both in English and in Country Director is stationed in Thailand, Khmer.35 and a Country Office was established in Cambodia in 1997. Its staff has expanded A country-level M&E system is a to 30 over the course of 2003-04. ADB work in progress. The Poverty Monitoring country strategy and programming, as and Analysis Technical Unit within MOP well as portfolio management and review, is undertaking poverty analysis to develop are fully delegated to the Resident and monitor quantitative and qualitative Mission. The USAID Mission enjoys indicators of poverty. The National delegation of authority that allows for Institute of Statistics has compiled a effective responsiveness to changing database of indicators to monitor NPRS, circumstances in the field. The EC opened MDGs, and other policy frameworks a Cambodia Delegation in 2002 and it is outcomes. supporting a strong decentralization of project implementation. The AFD program is managed by an office in Phnom Penh. 35http://www.nprs.gov.kh/default.aspx?IDPage=1 00&IDPageCat=100 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 55 Cambodia Key line ministries are strengthening implementation. USAID support of M&E technical units for monitoring their own is limited to the tracking of project- performance, collect necessary additional specific indicators, related to specific data, and work closely with GSCSD to geographic areas. ensure the effectiveness of NPRS CAMEROON Long-term holistic vision Cameroon ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Cameroon has taken significant steps to Long-Term Holistic Vision develop a long-term vision linked to a strategy. The Government adopted a Poverty Strategy Declaration in 1998 following an extensive process of Country- Country consultation, and developed a long-term led Ownership Partnership vision for 2015 in the context of the preparation of the Document de Stratégie de Lutte contre la Pauvreté (DSRP), Cameroon's PRS.36 The 1998 Declaration Results Focus expresses the Government's commitment Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments to guarantee sustainable and equitable for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would economic growth, reallocate substantial therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for public resources to basic social and that axis. economic areas, efficiently manage human resources, and undertake specific development partners; and (v) orientation actions for women and structurally of analytical work to support development vulnerable groups. management. The DSRP - which is widely The DSRP articulates a medium-term perceived as Cameroon's long-term strategy through 2005 around seven development vision - endorses and is strategic pillars, namely: 1) promotion of linked to all the MDGs. It is an evolving a stable macroeconomic framework; 2) strategy that will be fine-tuned as new diversification of the economy; 3) sector strategies are being prepared and development of the private sector as the implemented, and the Government intends main engine of growth; 4) development of to make of it an empirical expression of basic infrastructure and natural resources, an integrated framework for durable as well as protection of the environment; human development in the medium term, 5) acceleration of regional integration in that would progressively lead toward the the framework of the Central African achievement of the MDGs. Specifically, Economic and Monetary Community; 6) the Government sees the DSRP as a single capacity building and strengthening of framework for: (i) integrated development; human resources; and 7) improvement of (ii) short- and medium-term financial coherence; the institutional framework and fostering (iii) coordination of Government action and of good governance. The DSRP addresses external assistance; (iv) consultation with cross-cutting issues such as the civil society, the private sector and environment and gender equality, expressing a commitment to enhance the living conditions of women and their socio-legal status. The Government has developed sector strategies in education, 36 The DSRP was completed in April 2003, and a health, rural development, forestry, and first Progress Report was finalized in April 2004. gender equality promotion. It has A second Progress Report is expected mid-2005. 56 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 57 Cameroon completed a draft industrial development been in place since September 2003 to sector strategy and is preparing other encourage stakeholder involvement in sector strategies - consistent with the execution, monitoring, and evaluation. DSRP - aimed at improving infrastructure, This structure consists of a Comité creating employment, decentralization, Interministériel chaired by the Prime social development, and facilitating the Minister and aimed at supervising DSRP inclusion of women, youth and vulnerable implementation, and a Comité Technique groups in mainstream development de Suivi et d'Evaluation du DSRP activities. (CTSE/DSRP). CTSE/DSRP is assisted The Ministry of Economy and by a Technical Secretariat comprising a Finance has prepared a global MTEF Central Coordination Unit and five consistent with the strategic priorities laid thematic groups in charge of the follow- out in the DSRP. However, it has not up of governance, infrastructure, taken hold yet and budget alignment with production, indicators, and DSRP priorities needs to be improved. macroeconomic planning. Stakeholders Capital expenditure fell short of DSRP also participate in a HIPC Consultative objectives in 2004; however, the budget and Follow-up Committee, established by approved in December 2005 led to an the Prime Minister in December 2000, to increasing share of the investment budget monitor allocation of HIPC resources. allocated to social sectors, such as The DSRP formulation process has education and health. The Government is been participatory. The Government currently strengthening its effort to carried out an iterative and consultative establish an MTEF in priority ministries process, soliciting comments from that have approved sectoral strategies. stakeholders at various stages. It held a Sector-level 2004-15 MTEFs have been launch workshop in January 2000 in prepared in education, health, and road Kribi; it conducted a first round of direct infrastructure, and the Government is consultations in March and April 2000, developing one in the rural sector. and a second round in January 2002, involving various segments of society Country ownership from the main geographical regions. The The Technical Monitoring Committee of DSRP was presented during a national Economic Programs (CTS) - a committee seminar in Yaoundé, which saw the under the supervision of the Ministry of participation of all stakeholders. During Economic Affairs, Programming, and the drafting stage, the Government also Regional Development (MINEPAT) at the organized two working retreats - in July time of the DSRP - was responsible for and December 2002 - for a the coordination of DSRP formulation. multidisciplinary team to draft the DSRP. MINEPAT is providing assistance to Development Committees - which are sector ministries to help them elaborate longstanding participatory bodies, their respective strategies consistent with composed of civil society and private DSRP objectives. sector representatives at the level of districts, divisions, and provinces - were Stakeholder participation in strategy re-activated in 2003 and are making implementation is being institutionalized. investment proposals according to A structure charged with supervising community needs. The Government aims DSRP participatory implementation has at having a significant percentage of Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 58 Cameroon projects listed in the investment log multidisciplinary team in charge of (journal des projets) emanate from these drafting the DSRP together with committees. Government advisers, and CSOs also had The CTSE/DSRP, Development a chance to make comments on the DSRP Committees, and a National Participatory draft after it was reviewed by the CTS. Development Program - drawn up with a The Réseau National de Réduction de la view to reducing poverty and promoting Pauvreté - a NGO forum for dialogue and sustainable development in rural areas by information exchange on poverty organizing beneficiaries and building their reduction activities - is under development capacities - constitute the operational and will aim at facilitating a lasting mechanism of participatory partnership between the Government and implementation. In December 2003 the civil society. Government also appointed Provincial Private sector participation in Development Committees for policymaking is being strengthened. participatory follow-up of the DSRP. Community credit unions and savings and They convened local authorities, loan cooperatives were involved in DSRP administrative officials and other formulation consultations and these stakeholders, and held four thematic organizations had several chances to workshops on social infrastructure, comment on the draft DSRP, including production and governance, as well as after the revisions made by the CTS. The discussions in plenary sessions. The Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of CTSE issues semi-annual reports on Agriculture, GICAM (employers' DSRP progress, often based on business association), and the Movement consultations with stakeholders. The first of Businessmen are represented in the semi-annual participatory evaluation Development Committees. review of the DSRP was conducted in Parliamentary involvement remains March 2004 through extensive provincial limited. The National Assembly as an consultations. institution was not directly involved in Civil society participation is well DSRP formulation. Its individual established. The Constitution mandates members took part in the consultations for the existence of an Economic and Social DSRP formulation, and some of them are Council, whose composition, duties, and involved in participatory DSRP follow- organization are elaborated by law. ups. The National Assembly oversees the NGOs, labor unions, religious groups, DSRP indirectly through its annual budget professional organizations, community- approvals. In addition, the National based groups, Groupements d' Initiative Assembly is required by the Constitution Commune, youth and women's to identify the objectives of the economic associations were all involved in the and social sectors. various steps of DSRP formulation. They Capacity is a major challenge to the are represented in the CTSE/DSRP, and in DSRP's implementation. The institutional the Development Committees. They took capacity to execute public expenditure part in the 2000 Kribi workshop, as well programs is weak, as well as statistical as in the January 2002 and December capacity. Administrative and 2003 provincial and divisional sessions infrastructural capacity needs to be held by Development Committees. Civil society experts participated in the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 59 Cameroon strengthened, as does technical capacity to supporting private sector development to monitor the DSRP. diversify the economy and accelerate growth. The 2001-07 EC Country Country-led partnership Strategy Paper is also aligned with the Government leadership in external partner DSRP - following a mid-term review that coordination and development assistance took into account the strategic goals management has been weak. The outlined in it - as is the 2002-07 UN Direction de la Coopération Économique Development Assistance Framework. In et Technique is not playing a strong 2003 CIDA modified its Country enough role, and inter-ministerial Development Programming Framework to coordination is still largely ineffective. reflect DSRP priorities: good governance There are no regular in-country meetings and human resources development - two between the Government and of the DSRP pillars - are among its focus development assistance agencies. External areas of intervention. France, too, has partners participate as observers in the modified its Country Strategy Paper to HIPC Consultative and Follow-Up support DSRP objectives. Committee, which is the only external Joint financial and analytical support partner-Government forum. External in line with the country's priorities is partners started to coordinate among each starting to materialize. The World Bank other in 2004, through the creation of the and the Government completed a CFAA Comité Multi Bailleurs (CMB), which in June 2002, whose purpose and findings meets on a bi-monthly basis. In February were discussed with other external 2005 the World Bank and France partners, and the World Bank is also organized a meeting in Yaoundé with planning to conduct a participatory PER other external partners, aimed at and a Poverty Assessment for FY05. The launching a discussion on ways to World Bank has started to prepare a PRSC strengthen alignment and harmonization - focused on health, rural development, efforts. While this is a step forward, and private sector development - external partner coordination and scheduled for FY06. Multi-donor budget alignment is still in its infancy. support, spearheaded by DFID and the External partners are aligning their World Bank, is currently under strategies with the DSRP. The five major preparation in the forestry sector. external partners are France, Germany, the However, other external partners, such as EU, Canada, and the World Bank, the EC and CIDA, perceive the accounting for approximately 84 percent Government's limited financial capacity of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA as an obstacle preventing them from fully accounted for 7.4 percent of GNI in engaging in budget support. 2003.37 The FY04-06 World Bank Although still fragmented, capacity Country Assistance Strategy is aligned building is being conducted by external with the DSRP, aiming at reducing partners in an increasingly coordinated poverty by strengthening the institutional manner. The EC is supporting a program framework for pro-poor economic aimed at improving public financial management and service delivery, and by management, and Canada is sponsoring a project aimed at supporting CSOs. The 37 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at Government - with the support of the http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/16/1879783.gif World Bank - is preparing a Transparency Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 60 Cameroon and Accountability Capacity Building Statistics and National Accounting has Project, which is aiming at consolidating been planning a series of surveys - the public finance agenda in preparation including an ongoing General Population for the forthcoming PRSC. and Housing Census - aimed at collecting Commitment to harmonizing rules appropriate statistical documentation on and procedures with country systems is poverty reduction. In order to produce the emerging, but concrete actions have not necessary building blocks of the DSRP, yet been taken. Following a CPAR the Government undertook - from 2000 to released in January 2003 based upon a 2001 - a household survey to update the joint review conducted in October 2000 poverty profile and conduct a dynamic by a World Bank team and a national analysis of poverty from 1996 to 2001, a committee representing all sectors, the study on the sources of growth led by the Government has completed a reform of private sector and academics, as well as public procurement - with the support of an in depth macro-econometric model and the EC, France, and the World Bank. With associated poverty module to produce the the technical support of the World Bank macro-framework, conduct a risk analysis and as part of its efforts to improve the and project their impact on poverty. A efficiency of external partner-assisted budget tracking survey and beneficiary projects, MINEPAT is currently assessment in the health and education reviewing ways to harmonize and simplify sectors was conducted in 2004. national policies and procedures in the MINEPAT has initiated a study that is hope that they would progressively apply expected to lead to the establishment of a to all external partner-assisted programs. specific statistical base for the monitoring Canada is envisaging the possibility of and evaluation of the DSRP and the harmonizing its operational policies with tracking of progress toward the MDGs. A country systems in the forestry sector. draft report of the study - presented before a Government and external partner Several development assistance audience in December 2004 - points out agencies are increasing their presence in the weaknesses of the current statistical the country to better take part in daily system and proposes a series of activities decision-making. The World Bank to support the DSRP implementation Country Director is stationed in process, including: (i) strengthening of the Washington. The World Bank has a capacity of the NIS and sector ministries; Country Office in Yaoundé and a regional (ii) conducting the third general IFC Office in Douala. Among the other population and housing census; and (iii) major external partners, France, Germany, carrying out special statistical operations the EC, CIDA, and the UN have on employment, the informal sector, decentralized their decision-making agricultural statistics, and resource processes and increased their presence mobilization. The Government has both in the country and in the region. developed an integrated public finance management system, SIGEFI, which Results focus allows for computerized processing and Action has been taken to improve the monitoring of public expenditure from quality and availability of data. The commitment to payment. The Government National Institute of Statistics is not yet also regularly produces monthly Treasury operational; however, the Department of Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 61 Cameroon balances, and a Government flow-of- quantitative baseline data for 2001 and funds table. projected targets for 2015, defined for 19 Stakeholder access to information is indicators covering all 8 MDGs. The limited. However, the Government plans Government has provisionally identified to disseminate information on progress four different categories of indicators for toward DSRP indicators through a wide methodical and coherent follow-up and range of channels and media, including evaluation of the implementation of global the General Data Dissemination System, and sector strategies of poverty Poverty Mapping (focused on providing alleviation. These categories of indicators geographical visualization of poverty are: 1) indicators relating to the data), and the National Poverty Reduction mobilization and use of resources; 2) Network. References to the DSRP are to indicators which have to do with the be found on several government websites physical and financial execution of but none of them include the full programs and projects; 3) indicators of document.38 The DSRP has not been results; and 4) indicators of impact. The translated into local languages. There are M&E system being envisaged for the over 200 local dialects, and the official DSRP builds on existing country M&E languages are French and English. systems that will be strengthened and aligned to the DSRP, with support from A country-level M&E system is multiple external partners. Once under development. External partner completed, it is expected to be used to coordination to jointly support the M&E prepare DSRP Progress Reports, reports system is under discussion. The DSRP on the MDGs and the quarterly and yearly contains clearly quantified targets that use reports for country policy makers. MDGs as benchmarks, with explicit timetables for achievement. It contains 38http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/ and http://www.minef.cm/FR/PSFE/acceuilpsfe.htm CAPE VERDE Long-term holistic vision Cape Verde ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action has been taken toward developing Long-Term Holistic Vision a long-term vision widely agreed within the country. Cape Verde's long-term vision is articulated through a series of long-term national sectoral strategies and Country- Country plans, prepared through consultations with led Ownership Partnership national stakeholders. There is a National Poverty Alleviation Plan 1996-2008, an Education Strategic Plan 2002-12, a National Energy Plan 2003-12, a National Results Focus Plan for Food Security 2003-15, a Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments National Action Plan for the Environment for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would 2004-14, an Agriculture Strategic Plan therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for 2004-15, and a Tourism Strategic that axis. Development Plan 2004-15. The Government is also preparing a Strategy PRS,39 is the government strategy for for Development of Social Security and a poverty reduction. It is in line with the National Plan for Gender Equality and Grand Options of the Plan and includes Equity. In 1997 the Government the sectoral programs identified in the completed a National Long-Term National Development Plan, which Perspective Study through 2020, Cape remains the general framework for public Verde 2020, with the support of UNDP policies. However, the relation between and its Africa Future Program, but policy the GPRS and National Poverty makers rarely refer to it. Alleviation Plan has not yet been clearly Action is being taken to strengthen spelled out. the link between long- and medium-term A set of long-term and medium-term development strategies. The Government development objectives is being of Prime Minister Neves, which came into identified. The national sectoral strategies power after the 2001 elections, prepared and plans identify actions and objectives, its Grand Options of the Plan, a strategic in line with the MDGs and linked to the medium-term framework for economic country's needs. The GPRS identifies and social development required by the medium-term objectives for growth and 1999 amended constitution, building on poverty reduction in line with the long- the long-term national plans. Based on the term national objectives and the MDGs. Grand Options of the Plan, the A comprehensive approach to Government also prepared a development is emerging. The GPRS, the constitutionally-mandated National Major Planning Options and the National Development Plan for 2001-05. The Development Plan focus on five priority Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy areas: good governance; growth and Paper (GPRS) 2004-07, Cape Verde's 39 The Government completed the GPRS in September 2004. 62 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 63 Cape Verde competitiveness; human capital; poverty; existing Poverty Observatory within the infrastructure and land-use management. General Directorate of Planning of the Cross-cutting issues like gender, the fight MoFP became the Technical Secretariat of against HIV/AIDS and environmental Support for Development, coordinated protection are taken into consideration and GPRS formulation, and acted as the addressed through targeted action plans. secretariat of the National Coordination The GPRS aggregates into a common Commission. framework sectoral programs and a The Government is establishing a macroeconomic program, identifying a set coordination mechanism for of core policies for growth and implementation. The National macroeconomic stability, decentralization, Coordination Commission is being employment, agricultural development, transformed into a National Board for redistribution and social protection. Poverty Reduction, a permanent inter- A MTEF is under development. The ministerial mechanism to oversee and GPRS is helping the Government monitor implementation. The General strengthen the link between the medium- Directorate of Planning and the Technical term strategy and the budget, but action is Secretariat of Support of Development at an early stage. The Government will provide coordination and technical prepared a pilot MTEF for three sectors, support. At the sectoral level, the Offices including medium-term sectoral for Planning and Studies within each line expenditures projections for the 2005 ministry will be responsible for the budget and the outer years. Allocations follow-up of sectoral programs for GPRS are in line with priorities and policy implementation. The Government is also actions identified in the GPRS. envisaging the establishment of a Strategic Team within the Office of the Country ownership Prime Minister to coordinate the The Ministry of Finance and Planning implementation of a proposal, prepared in (MoFP) led the preparation of the GPRS August 2004, for access to the MCA as the government institution responsible FY04 assistance, for which Cape Verde for national planning. The Government became eligible in May 2004. The involved central and line ministries in relationship of the Strategic Team to GPRS formulation through a GPRS GPRS structures has not yet been clearly National Coordination Commission spelled out. comprised of the directors for planning Action is being taken toward from the ministries of health, education, establishing a sustainable structure for agriculture, poverty and employment, and government ­ stakeholder dialogue. The finance; the director of cooperation from GPRS National Coordination Commission the ministry of foreign affairs; and a conducted consultations through member of the National Statistics Council. municipal commissions of partners The Offices for Planning and Studies established in 1997 for the formulation of within each line ministry identified the National Poverty Alleviation Plan. objectives and policies coherent with the The commissions are composed of national sectoral strategies and the representatives of local institutions and National Development Plan, which fed stakeholders and are responsible for into the GPRS and became the basis for preparing and overseeing the the GPRS performance indicators. An implementation of municipal poverty Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 64 Cape Verde reduction plans. They will become part of participate in the Regional Poverty Regional Poverty Reduction Boards, Reductions Boards. responsible for monitoring GPRS Parliamentary involvement is implementation at the local level. There is materializing. The National Assembly also a Council for Regional Affairs approved the Grand Options of the Plan composed of two representatives of each and the National Development Plan as island elected by the local required by the Constitution. The parliamentarians and by the members of Government did not submit the GPRS to the municipal assembly of each island. the National Assembly. The Executive The Council is required by the presents to the National Assembly a Constitution to advise on the National constitutionally-mandated annual report Development Plan. The Government is on the implementation of the National also envisaging the establishment of a Development Plan and the Grand Options Stakeholder Group, composed of of the Plan. Government, civil society and private sector representatives, to monitor Capacity for planning is well- implementation of MCA assistance. The developed but action is needed to address relationship of this Group with the implementation bottlenecks. The Regional Poverty Reduction Boards as Government has significant experience in well as the Council for Regional Affairs economic forecasting, planning and has not yet been clearly spelled out. management because National Development Plans have been prepared Civil society organizations were since 1978. The Government is setting up involved in GPRS formulation and action an integrated development and policy is being taken to involve them in planning system based on the Threshold implementation. Umbrella NGOs 21 model. However, insufficient participated in the GPRS National administrative capacity jeopardizes Coordination Commission, and will implementation. Decentralization reform participate in the National Board for has not been followed by adequate Poverty Reduction. At the local level, transfer of resources to municipalities. CBOs participated in GPRS formulation Use of IT is limited. through the municipal commissions of partners, and will participate in the Country-led partnership Regional Poverty Reductions Boards. Efforts are being made to strengthen The private sector was included in Government leadership of external GPRS formulation and action is being assistance, which remains diffuse. The taken to involve it in implementation. The MoFP coordinates multilateral two Chambers of Commerce present in development assistance agencies and the the country participated in the National Ministry of Foreign Affairs deals with Coordination Commission for GPRS bilateral partners. In 2003 the Government formulation, and will participate in the established a steering committee National Board for Poverty Reduction. At composed of representatives of the MoFP the local level, private sector and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a representatives participated in GPRS permanent secretariat, and four inter- formulation through the municipal ministerial technical committees to commissions of partners, and will coordinate the preparation of a Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 65 Cape Verde Consultation Meeting. However, these support. PERs in health, education and structures were disbanded after the agribusiness and a CFAA were conducted Consultation Meeting. After the 1997 jointly by the Government with the EC, Consultation Meeting, which took place in the Netherlands, and the World Bank. The Brussels and was sponsored by UNDP World Bank and the MCC jointly and the EC, the 1999 and 2003 undertook a road assessment mission. Consultation Meetings were held in Cape External partners channel most of their Verde. The 2003 Meeting was led by the development assistance through stand- Government, with the support of UNDP alone projects. and the World Bank. Capacity building is starting to Elements exist toward aligning coalesce around government priorities. external assistance with country priorities. Capacity building and governance reform The five major external partners are are integrated in the Grand Options of the Portugal, the World Bank, the EU, Japan, Plan and the National Development Plan. and Luxembourg, accounting for The CFAA also identifies an action plan approximately 78 percent of gross ODA linked to capacity building for in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 17.6 procurement and financial management. percent of GNI in 2003.40 The AfDB and External partners are providing support in the Netherlands are also active. The line with the Government's priorities. World Bank Country Assistance Strategy Harmonization efforts to move FY05-08 supports GPRS priorities. AfDB, toward the use of country systems for the EC, Portugal, Luxembourg, and the project implementation are at early stages. Netherlands agree that the GPRS will be The Government is giving priority to a the platform for their future assistance. In progressive elimination of project 2004 Cape Verde was selected as one of implementation units and encouraging a the countries eligible for support through shift to existing institutions for project the US Government's MCA, and the implementation. It is also developing a MCA proposal is expected to support legal framework for procurement around activities in infrastructure and irrigation, which external partners could harmonize broadly in line with the GPRS. their procedures. Elements exist for building External partners maintain a limited partnerships in external financial and presence in the country. Since 2000 the analytical support. The Netherlands, the World Bank program is coordinated by a EC, and the AfDB are providing budget Country Director based in Senegal. UNDP support, and the World Bank launched a and other UN agencies have a presence in PRSC in 2004, and plans to channel sixty the country. percent of its lending through budget support. The World Bank organized joint Results focus missions with the Netherlands to prepare the PRSC. The World Bank, the Elements exist to strengthen the quality Netherlands, the EC and the AfDB are and availability of poverty-related data. preparing a Memorandum of The National Statistics Institute conducted Understanding to harmonize budget a census and a population and housing survey in 2000, and a household survey in 2002, which was the basis for the poverty 40 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/17/1879792.gif profile of the GPRS. The Government is Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 66 Cape Verde preparing a national statistical available in English and Portuguese on a development strategy, with the support of non-governmental website.42 a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical Development of a country-level M&E Capacity Building, managed by the World system is at its early stages. The GPRS Bank. An integrated financial identifies 37 indicators linked to GPRS management system has not yet been objectives, with targets for 2005, 2006 developed. Public accounts are released and 2007. The GPRS identifies baselines with substantial delays. for 28 indicators. The Government is Information on Government policies requesting all external partners to use the is becoming more widely available. The GPRS indicators as the monitoring Government organized a dissemination framework for their programs and campaign on the GPRS. The Grand projects. It is not yet clear whether the Options of the Plan and the National GPRS M&E will feed into the Development Plan are posted on the constitutionally-mandated government government website, but the GPRS is not. annual report on the implementation of The National Statistics Institute has a the National Development Plan and the well-designed website with information Grand Options of the Plan, leading to a on national accounts, household surveys, single progress report for the GPRS, and the evolution of poverty.41 A MDGs and national plans. summary of the MCA proposal is 42http://virtualcapeverde.net/news2/modules.php? 41http://www.governo.cv/ and http://www.ine.cv name=News&file=article&sid=125 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Central African Republic - rich in Central African Republic ­ 2005 diamonds, uranium, and gold - gained CDF Assessment Diamond independence from France in 1960. After Long-Term Holistic Vision three decades of chaotic misrule by military governments, civilian rule was established in 1993. A series of uprisings staged by soldiers in the mid-1990s led to Country- Country protracted internal conflict, which led Ownership Partnership intensified in May 2001 when army officers came dangerously close to deposing the elected President, Ange Félix Patassé. The Government was able Results Focus to foil the coup, but the situation remained Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments unstable, and the systematic attacks for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would carried out by the Government security therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for forces on the ethnic group of the former that axis. head of State, General André Kolingba - who claimed responsibility for the guiding policy makers. The current attempted overthrow - resulted in administration is developing a PRS - widespread looting and killing. In March known as Cadre Stratégique de Lutte 2003 General François Bozize succeeded contre la Pauvreté (CSLP).43 in overthrowing the Patassé Government In March 2004 the Government and has since established a Transitional prepared a TRM as a way to guide short- Government. However, its control of the term actions and build a solid track record countryside - where pockets of anarchy that could help move toward the persist - is limited. Parliamentary and development of a medium-term strategy. Presidential elections were held on March As a short-term planning instrument, the 13, 2005. Run-off elections are being held TRM includes specific measures - in the to determine the winner between the two areas of security, governance, economic top candidates. management, and social service delivery - essential to restore capacity and ensure the Long-term holistic vision success of the transitional Government. Protracted internal conflict has caused The administration is taking measures to difficulties in the adoption of a long-term ensure close coordination between the strategic vision. A National Poverty TRM and the CSLP. Reduction Plan (NPRP) developed by the Little action has been taken to Government in 1999 - with the support of develop a link between the budget and UNDP - yielded a strategic plan covering national development strategy. It is 1999-2015. The NPRP incorporated five expected that - following the installation sector studies aimed at benefiting the of new institutions after the elections are poorest, and provided the basis for an concluded and the finalization of the IPRSP which covers the period 2000-03. Neither the NPRP nor the 43 IPRSP are reference points widely The IPRSP was completed in December 2000. The CSLP is expected end of September 2005. 67 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 68 Central African Republic CSLP - the Government will prepare a several initiatives aimed at broadly MTEF, the Cadre de Dépenses a Moyen involving the population, on the basis of Terme. the experience gained through NPRP formulation workshops and participatory Country ownership activities. In September 2001, the The Ministry of Economy, Planning, and Government held a National Economic International Cooperation and the Prime Forum (NEF) - with about 500 Minister's Office (CTP-PAS) are the participants - to launch the CSLP process. locus of the initiative for the preparation In December 2001 the Head of State of the IPRSP/CSLP and the TRM chaired a participatory conference on the respectively. In April 2000, the economy and public finances (Etats Government appointed a Steering Généraux des Finances); the Steering Committee composed of seven thematic Committee organized meetings with target groups specializing in high priority areas groups to identify their priority needs; and (education, public health, governance, in February 2002 it held an open-door day rural development, urban development on the CSLP. In the preparation of the and rehabilitation, public finances and the TRM stakeholder voices were economy, competitiveness and sources of incorporated by building on the growth), in charge of leading a conclusions reached during a National participatory process for the formulation Dialogue Conference held in September of the IPRSP and the CSLP. In 2002, the 2003 for governance and the management Government also created a Technical of natural resources. Secretariat, an inter-ministerial Civil society participation is committee, and local steering committees materializing. NGOs, religious at the community level. CTP-PAS - organizations, women's groups, village through its representatives located in line leaders, youth associations, and trade ministries - held several meetings during unions are all represented in the CSLP the TRM formulation process. Each line Steering Committee. They participated in ministry prepared an action plan, all of the September 2001 NEF and in the which were consolidated by the CTP-PAS December 2001 conference on public unit. For monitoring of economic and finances and had a significant impact on social performance indicators, national, the adoption of final recommendations - regional, and local committees are being such as audit of public finance and regular set up to monitor poverty alleviation payments of salaries. under the aegis of a national council, the Observatoire National de Lutte contre la The private sector is not playing a Pauvreté. Existing committees which are major role. Based on the NEF presently working on CSLP formulation recommendations, the CSLP legal will be the core of the monitoring framework was amended so that private committees. sector representatives - such as the Chamber of Commerce, the National Despite an initially strong Federation of Livestock Holders, and the consultative process, stakeholder organization of small-scale miners - are participation in CSLP finalization has members and active participants in the been slowed down by the conflict. The thematic groups, such as "Growth and Steering Committee conducted extensive private sector." consultations and the Government took Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 69 Central African Republic There is some parliamentary example, faith-based organizations have involvement in national development been active in delivering education and strategy formulation. Documentation on health services. the CSLP process, TORs for thematic Elements exist for stronger alignment groups, and a note on the IPRSP were of external partners' development submitted to the National Assembly. In assistance strategies with country May 2002, it actively discussed the CSLP priorities. The five major external partners process. Subsequently, a Parliament-like are France, Japan, Germany, the EU, and National Transitional Council has been UNDP, accounting for approximately 83 appointed. The Government has plans to percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. submit the CSLP to the Parliament - UNHCR is also active. ODA accounted elected in March 2005 - in compliance for 4.2 percent of GNI in 2003.44 Most with the December 2004 Constitution. external partners are using the TRM, or Institutional capacity is weak both work undertaken for the CSLP, as a within and outside the administration. The coordination and monitoring tool to align state's organizational capacity is minimal. their reengagement strategies, after a The main problem is enforcing state fourteen-month suspension of policies, considering low capacity in rural disbursements started in January 2002 due areas and a lack of commitment by to accumulation of arrears. In August underpaid or unpaid workers. Most 2001 the EC revised its Country Strategy political parties are generally capable of Paper for 2002-07 to reflect the IPRSP forming coalitions, but not a real public and presented it at a conference organized consensus. The Government has shown in Libreville in April 2002 for the little interest in seriously combating Government and other external partners. corruption. The EC is supporting elements of the TRM and at the same time reevaluating its Country-led partnership strategy. A February 2002 National The extremely fragile economic, social, Indicative Programme for the use of the and political situation has prevented the European Development Fund has been Government from taking the lead in approved. In July 2004 the World Bank coordinating activities undertaken by prepared a Country Reengagement Note external partners. However, the whose priority areas are in line with the Government intends that the CSLP, once TRM. UNDP and the Government jointly finalized, be the main reference for prepared a Country Programme Outline collaboration with its external partners - that draws on work undertaken for the especially in the areas of transport and CSLP. The 2003-06 UN Development trade. A formal framework for Assistance Framework supports the CSLP consultation and collaboration between process. Germany and France are aligning the Government and its external partners - their development assistance strategies group de contact - was created in 2004. with the TRM. The IMF is implementing Development assistance agencies hold an Emergency Post-Conflict Assistance frequent informal meetings with each Program in line with the TRM. other. NGOs have a key role in service delivery at the community level. For 44 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/18/1880001.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 70 Central African Republic Joint analytical work is materializing. the country to better take part in daily In February 2004 a Joint Assessment decision-making. The World Bank Mission (JAM) led by the World Bank Country Director is stationed in and comprised of a number of external Washington, with a Country Manager partners and Government representatives operating out of Cameroon. To facilitate launched analytical and capacity building coordination with Government and other work. The JAM provided significant external partners, the World Bank is inputs for the preparation of the TRM, and planning on recruiting a liaison officer in follow-up technical meetings among order to establish a greater field presence development assistance agencies took in the country. The EC Delegation in place in May 2004 to assist the Bangui has been given more decentralized Government in identifying which TRM authority since June 2004. UNDP has a actions could realistically be implemented Service Center as of January 2005. The in light of its weak capacity. AFD program is managed by an office in The CSLP permanent secretariat has Bangui. elaborated a plan to develop a Results focus comprehensive capacity-building strategy in the context of CSLP preparation. No There is an unreliable and inadequate financial support for this strategy has been poverty database, but steps are being provided yet. However, there are some taken to improve it. In 2003, the coordinated efforts by external partners to Government completed two Household support capacity building in the short Surveys in rural and urban areas, after the term. For example, France is providing completion of a Census and of a CWIQ. security support and, together with the These are the only accurate data available EC, assistance to restore the public on poverty. The CSLP Steering financial management functions of the Committee has plans to define a program Government. The World Bank is focusing for producing key statistics in the medium on leadership capacity building - targeting term and the Government is strengthening senior leaders responsible for the the Statistics Division of the Ministry of implementation of the TRM - economic Economy, Planning, and International management, and supporting the Cooperation. It also established a demobilization and socio-economic National Statistics Council which, reintegration of ex-combatants into their however, is not yet operational. No home communities, in collaboration with integrated and transparent financial the EC and UNDP as part of a multi- management system is available yet. country demobilization and reintegration. The Government had taken steps to Little action has been taken to increase stakeholder access to harmonize with country systems and development information during early procedures, reflecting recognition of the stages of the CSLP process. In December necessity to implement the TRM as a first 2001, the Government finalized a plan for priority. increasing CSLP awareness of local stakeholders, and in February and March Elements exist for stronger 2002 it organized awareness campaigns partnership structures operating in- for the whole country. In May 2002, the country. Some development assistance Government arranged radio and television agencies are increasing their presence in broadcasts - as well as press conferences - Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 71 Central African Republic to explain the CSLP process. There is not A country-level M&E system has not an official Government website devoted to been designed. The CTP-PAS is the CSLP or TRM. The Government has monitoring progress on achieving the plans to translate the draft CSLP into local targets set in the TRM on a quarterly languages prior to broad consultations. basis. CHAD Chad - whose main natural resources are Chad ­ 2005 petroleum and uranium - has been CDF Assessment Diamond involved in internal discontinuous armed Long-Term Holistic Vision conflict since its independence from France in 1965. The country has been largely stable since the beginning of the 1990s. The presidential elections of 2001 Country- Country were the second multi-party presidential led Ownership Partnership elections, resulting in the election of the incumbent, President Idriss Déby, for a second five-year term. The Government has promoted national reconciliation and Results Focus encouraged opposition leaders to return. Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments Overall, there has been steady recovery for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would over the past decade from the preceding therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for period of episodic civil war. that axis. Nevertheless, the threat to political stability has not been entirely eliminated. poverty by 2015, and incorporates sector Chad has a long history of rebellions, and strategies in health, education, some neighboring countries, such as the infrastructure, and rural transport. The Central African Republic and Sudan, face SNRP's long-term vision and medium- recurrent instability; most recently, the term strategy are in line with the MDGs. crisis in the Darfur province of Sudan has The SNRP gives coherence to the led to an inflow of refugees to Chad. sector approaches formulated in the 1998- Further, by raising the potential stakes 2005 Orientation Plan, and focuses on five associated with political power, the strategic pillars: 1) improving the social, impending oil revenues risk making the legal, political, and economic maintenance of political stability even environment, whose stability is more of a challenge. particularly important in the new oil era; 2) promoting strong and sustainable Long-term holistic vision economic growth; 3) improving human Action has been taken to develop a capital; 4) improving living conditions of long-term vision that serves as a reference vulnerable groups and HIV/AIDS victims; point for policymakers. The Stratégie and 5) restoring and protecting National de Réduction de la Pauvreté ecosystems. The SNRP addresses the (SNRP), Chad's PRS,45 embeds a long- status of women in the country, and gives term vision through 2015 and a medium- extreme importance to the necessity of term strategy covering the period 2004- respecting and protecting the 06. It draws on a 1998-2005 Orientation environment. While developing the Plan, which first set the goal of halving SNRP, the Government also elaborated sector strategies in agriculture, pastoral hydraulics, and local development; 45The SNRP was completed in June 2003, and a however, their implementation status draft Progress Report was prepared in December differs from one sector to another. A pre- 2004. 72 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 73 Chad existing National Governance Strategy SNRP implementation. The final SNRP has also been annexed to the SNRP, and was adopted by the High Inter-ministerial the Government is also planning to Committee, chaired by the Prime Minister formulate sector strategies in social and responsible for the approval and protection, employment promotion, and monitoring of reform programs. The private sector development. SNRP was also ratified by the Council of Some progress has been made in Ministers. The CP is being converted prioritizing the budget and monitoring during SNRP implementation to an M&E expenditures, and the Government is mechanism, which collaborates with committed to promote transparency and Regional, Departmental, and Sub- accountability in public expenditure prefectural units. Their structure reflects management in order to ensure that oil that of the CP. Comités de coordination revenues are used for poverty reduction. A locaux are also undertaking M&E Petroleum Revenue Management Law activities. identifies priority sectors, such as The CP conducted extensive education, health and social affairs, consultations during SNRP preparation to infrastructure, rural development, build consensus and progressively refine environment and water resources, and is the SNRP in every region, both in the expected to facilitated prioritization. main town and in secondary localities. It Budget resources allocated to these is also adopting a participatory approach priority sectors have increased regularly during SNRP implementation. It held a since 2000, and a link with the SNRP is launching seminar in April 2000, 10 increasing but not yet strong. The thematic and sectoral studies in May/July Government is conducting annual PERs in 2000, a civil society forum in November priority sectors and, in April 2002, it 2000, country-wide participatory launched the preparation of a MTEF and consultations in December 2000/January program budgets for priority ministries. A 2001, and a national seminar to define first round of this work was completed in strategic areas and priority actions in May preparation for the 2004 budget, and 2001. In October 2003 - following SNRP influenced the 2005 budget. The finalization - the CP organized SNRP Government is also developing sector information and sensitization missions in expenditure programs in close seventeen regions, which led to the consultation with external partners. establishment of regional follow-up committees. The Government also Country ownership organized a number of consultative events The Ministry of Planning, Development, that fed into the Progress Report, and in and Cooperation is the locus of initiative order to sustain stakeholder involvement for the content of the SNRP. In 2000, the throughout implementation, regional Government set up a Steering Committee, SNRP committees have been established. the Comité de Pilotage de la Stratégie Civil society played a significant role Nationale de Réduction de la Pauvreté in the formulation of the SNRP, through (CP), charged with the preparation of the representation in the CP and consultations SNRP. During SNRP formulation, the CP with the Government. NGOs, youth and was supported by a Sécretariat Permanent women's organizations, religious groups, - composed of four full-time professionals local communities, and public and private - which, however, is no longer active in media, all took part in the 2000 launching Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 74 Chad seminar. A civil society forum was allocation and planned use of human established for NGOs and associations to resources, is insufficient and - in order to propose strategic orientations, and civil enhance it - the Government created a society was also involved through surveys National Capacity Building Secretariat on perceptions of well-being and poverty. (SENAREC). The Government is striving towards close cooperation and dialogue between the the Country-led partnership CP and civil society in implementation at The Government sometimes takes the lead the national and local level. It has held in development assistance coordination. consultations on topics such as the judicial The Ministry of Planning, Development, system and other structural policies, and it and Cooperation is in charge of has invited NGOs to participate in the coordination and UNDP and the EC are October 2003 information sessions. providing technical assistance to Private sector involvement in policy strengthen its capacity. Most coordination formulation and implementation is is informal and arranged by development materializing. The private sector is young assistance agencies which meet and is represented in the CP. It periodically, sometimes with, and at the participated in the 2000 launching suggestion of, the Government. In 1998 a seminar. The Chamber of Commerce, Donors RT on Sector Strategies was held Industry, Agriculture, Mining and Crafts in Geneva. In May 2002 the EU organized is working on improving its capabilities to a seminar on the SNRP for external promote dialogue and consensus-building partners. The Government and UNDP also between the private and the public sector. organized a Donors RT in 2003 after the Comités de coordination locaux - completion of the SNRP. composed of civil society and private The SNRP is considered by external sector representatives - are monitoring partners as the reference point for their progress in implementation. development assistance strategies. The Parliamentary involvement has been five major external partners are the World limited. Two members of the National Bank, France, the EU, the AfDB, and Assembly from the ruling party were Germany, accounting for approximately represented in the CP and the Government 85 percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. The briefed the National Assembly Plenary on IMF is also active. ODA accounted for the SNRP. The National Assembly votes 10.2 percent of GNI in 2003.46 The World on the budget every year, but is not Bank's FY04-06 Country Assistance required by the Constitution to approve a Strategy is aligned with the SNRP. The national development plan, and did not 2001-07 EC Country Strategy Paper is approve the SNRP. aligned with the I-PRSP and recognizes the necessity to create a link with the The CP has significant planning SNRP, which is being done operationally capacity; however, overall in the approval of new projects and implementation capacity is weak. programs. GTZ considers the PRSP as a Capacity to implement SNRP priority guideline for its assistance. programs is insufficient both at the national and local levels. The public administration's capacity to fulfill its mandate, particularly as regards the 46 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/19/1880010.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 75 Chad Some partnership in financial support Results focus from development assistance agencies is Quantitative data on economic and social materializing. The Government is indicators, living conditions, and poverty developing a SWAp in rural water and are sparse; however, the Government has sanitation that will be supported by prepared a national statistical several external partners including the development strategy - with the support of World Bank. The World Bank plans to a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical support a series of PRSCs starting in Capacity Building managed by the World FY06, provided that certain standards in Bank - aimed at improving data quality. public expenditure management are met. The last general census was conducted in To determine whether a PRSC would be 1993. A National Institute for Statistics appropriate, the World Bank is conducting and Economic and Demographic Studies a CFAA and a PER. Other external Research (INSEED) - with the support of partners may jointly support these the World Bank and in collaboration with initiatives. the ministries concerned - is organizing a Capacity-building support is still varied list of surveys to collect data on largely fragmented. In August 2002 progress achieved. A Participatory SENAREC elaborated a Stratégie Poverty Study was conducted in National de Bonne Gouvernance, but an April/June 2000. Between March 2003 overall capacity-building strategy to guide and March 2004 it collected data for the all support has not been prepared. second Enquête sur la Consommation des The Government is designing an Ménages et le Secteur Informel. Data institutional framework to improve analysis will start in June 2005 and it will external partner coordination and be used to revise SNRP indicators for harmonization. France and Germany are 2006. The Government is also planning to harmonizing with country systems. A new elaborate a Poverty Map in 2005. A Public Procurement Code has been computer-based integrated fiscal and adopted to facilitate harmonization. A accounting information system is under CPAR is planned for 2006 to allow for preparation. time to elapse and assess experience under The CP has undertaken several the new code. initiatives aimed at making the population Many development assistance well-aware of SNRP objectives. In agencies are taking steps to strengthen January 2001 it produced a movie on their participation in daily decision Poverty in Chad, which was broadcasted making. For example, although the World on Télé Tchad in June 2002. The SNRP Bank Country Director is based in was transmitted to the Secretary General Washington, a Country Manager is active Office of every ministry, and in March in Ndjamena. The AFD program is 2003 the CP elaborated a SNRP managed by an office in Ndjamena. The communication plan. The SNRP was EC is taking steps to decentralize its prepared in Arabic and French - the two decision-making process by giving more official languages - and distributed to power to its country delegation. stakeholders. Key SNRP messages have been recorded in local languages and have been disseminated through seven radio stations, whose audience is estimated to be around three million people. A Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 76 Chad Government website is under governance, economic growth, education development. results, health conditions, housing, and A country-level M&E system is infrastructure. The INSEED evaluated under design by the CP. The SNRP SNRP indicators during implementation proposes tracking a list of indicators and has identified the most relevant ones covering poverty and inequality; to evaluate poverty trends. CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF The history of the Democratic Republic of Democratic Republic of Congo ­ 2005 Congo has been one of civil war and poor CDF Assessment Diamond governance. After independence from Long-Term Holistic Vision Belgium in 1960, the country immediately faced an army mutiny and an attempt at secession by its mineral-rich province of Katanga. In 1996 a rebel movement Country- Country supported by neighboring countries began led Ownership Partnership an offensive which led to the 1997 overthrow of Mobutu Sese Seko and the installment of Laurent Kabila as Head of State. A resurgence of civil war in 1998 Results Focus led to hundreds of thousands of civilian Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments deaths and the continued decimation of for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would the country. The war had an economic as therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for well as a political side. Fighting was that axis. fueled by the country's vast mineral wealth - mainly cobalt, copper, petroleum, over large parts of the country and diamonds, gold, silver, and uranium - with tensions remain high in the east with all sides taking advantage of the anarchy localized fighting by numerous to plunder its natural resources. A cease- uncontrolled armed factions. fire - known as the Lusaka Peace Agreement - was signed on July 10, 1999 Long-term holistic vision by the Government, armed rebel groups, Protracted conflict has obstructed the and neighboring countries, but sporadic development of a long-term vision, but the fighting continued. After the assassination Government recognizes the importance of of Laurent Kabila in January 2001, his developing one and the Ministry of son, Joseph Kabila, succeeded to the Planning - with assistance from UNDP - is Presidency. He was able to reach an working on a Vision 2025 which focuses agreement with all warring parties to end on reconciliation and reconstruction, and the fighting, which led to the will incorporate the views of stakeholders. establishment for 24 months of a The medium-term strategy is contained in Transitional Government of National an Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Unity in June 2003. The Transitional Paper (IPRSP), which covers the period Government is drafting a new 2002-05 and - in reference to the MDGs - Constitution with general elections - the considers unattainable the goal of halving first since independence from Belgium in poverty by 2015. 1960 - scheduled to be held in 2005. Despite coup attempts and sporadic A Minimum Partnership Program for violence, a fragile peace has held since the Transition and Recovery (PMPTR) - formal end of the war. But the prepared in November 2004 by the Kinshasa Government has no control Government in collaboration with the World Bank and UNDP - complements the IPRSP and constitutes the recognized framework for short-term recovery. The 77 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 78 Democratic Republic of Congo Government is in the process of preparing resulted in modern budget-execution a Document Stratégique de Lutte contre la procedures, such as the harmonization and Pauvreté (DSRP), the full PRS,47 which is functional classifications of the budget expected to draw on strategic and sectoral nomenclature to improve the process of input from the PMPTR. The strategic goal tracking Government expenditure, and in of the PMPTR - which will be updated on particular pro-poor spending, and the an annual basis to enable the adjustment adoption of a double-entry accounting of sectoral objectives and priorities to be framework by the Ministries of Finance achieved within a ten-year horizon - is to and the Budget. consolidate peace, political reconciliation, and economic recovery on a sustainable Country ownership basis, also focusing on accelerating The President is the locus of initiative for equitable economic growth, improving IPRSP preparation and the Ministry of governance, and strengthening Planning - which chairs an inter- institutions. ministerial committee - is now The IPRSP considers the restoration coordinating the preparation of the DSRP. of peace and good governance, economic A Poverty Reduction Strategy Technical stabilization and pro-poor growth, as well Committee (CTSRP) - within the Ministry as promotion of Community Dynamics, as of Planning - was charged with IPRSP the main goals of the development preparation and implementation and is process. The IPRSP - which builds on the now responsible for preparing, willingness to restore peace and rebuild implementing, monitoring and evaluating the state expressed in the Lusaka the DSRP. The preparation of the PMPTR Agreement - also identifies three phases is the result of the joint work of the to achieve these goals: 1) stabilization Ministry of Planning and a group of from 2001 to 2002; 2) transition and consultants financed by the World Bank. reconstruction aimed at passing Line ministries all presented proposals to prerequisite reforms for poverty reduction, the Ministry of Planning, which chaired a from 2002 to 2005; 3) growth aimed at final meeting with the Cabinet during sustained poverty reduction from 2005. which the final draft of the PMPTR was The IPRSP expresses the Government's approved. commitment to manage efforts to clean up In February 2003, the CTSRP set up a the environment. multi-partner think tank on DSRP Linking the strategy with the budget questions called Cellule de Reflexion pour is a major challenge. The IPRSP provides le DSRP, and in December 2003 a a general statement of priorities for the Government Decree set up a steering use of public resources, but it does not committee, Unité de Pilotage du include detailed information on the Processus et d'Exécution du DSRP composition of expenditures. Starting in (UPPE-SRP), which includes both 2003, some attempts have been made to national and provincial technical prioritize budget execution and to restrict committees; the Decree also defined the nonessential spending. Efforts to improve composition of a Inter-ministerial public expenditure management have Commission on the Implementation of the National Poverty Reduction Strategy 47 established in April 2002. In June 2003, The IPRSP was completed in March 2002. The DSRP is expected in early 2006. the Government Established a Pro-Poor Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 79 Democratic Republic of Congo Spending Monitoring Committee, tasked involvement in the DSRP's formulation. with monitoring the execution and CSOs are also actively involved in the evaluating the impact of pro-poor Inter-Congolese Dialogue, they were spending. consulted for PMPTR formulation, and Stakeholder participation is limited, they are participating in its largely due to limited access within the implementation together with religious country. However, the Ministry of networks and basic communities. Planning organized a participatory Scholars, NGOs, civil society and seminar in April 1999 for IPRSP religious organizations are also providing formulation and eventual focus group crucial inputs for the formulation of questionnaires in three major provinces. Vision 2025. Participatory workshops were also held at The private sector, through the the community level, both in urban and Federation des Enterprises du Congo, is rural areas. In April 2002 the IPRSP was represented in the CTSRP and is playing a endorsed by all parties represented in the stronger role in the formulation of the Inter-Congolese Dialogue, established DSRP due to an increased number of following the Lusaka Peace Agreement to delegates. The Government meets on a foster national reconciliation between the regular basis with the Federation des Government, rebel groups, unarmed Enterprises du Congo to discuss strategies opposition and other stakeholders. The for enhancing private sector development. Government consulted a significant Usually these meetings include external number of stakeholders for the partners and follow meetings held formulation of the PMPTR in each of the exclusively with external partners. provinces, and it has plans to ensure their Representatives of the private sector were maximum participation in PMPTR also consulted for PMPTR formulation, implementation. and the Government is likely to involve CSOs were crucial in helping the them in its implementation. Government carry out IPRSP Parliamentary involvement has been consultations at the provincial level. The limited, but is increasing. Some members Government hired the Conseil National of the Chambre de Représentants were des Organisations Non Gouvernementales involved in IPRSP consultations. In de Développement to hold consultations in particular, a member of Parliament took eleven provinces on their behalf. The part in a training workshop organized by Government also solicited help from AfDB on the DSRP participatory process. various churches during consultations, as In March 2004 the Parliament appointed a their presence is widely established, working group to participate in the DSRP particularly the Catholic Church which process. Its members have been reaches about 60 percent of the individually involved in the process, and population. IPRSP consultations involved the Government has plans to involve the national and international NGOs, as well Parliament in the consultations for the as institutes of higher and university DSRP. The Constitution does not require education, and student organizations. the Parliament to approve a national Civil society organizations and development plan, however, it requires it universities are represented in the CTSRP, to approve the budget. The Parliament and in October 2004 their number engages in noteworthy debates on the increased, leading to a stronger annual budget and, in 2004, it held up the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 80 Democratic Republic of Congo financial plan proposed by the time in November 2004. In 2004 Belgium Government based on the perception of - in collaboration with the Government - insufficient attention to social sectors. organized four sectoral RT conferences in Capacity is a major challenge. Apart agriculture and food security, health, from the Ministry of Planning and the education, and basic infrastructure. These Central Bank, the Government has little meetings included the participation of capacity to formulate strategy or policy external partners and country stakeholders and to implement programs. Line and were chaired by relevant ministries. ministries are weak, as is administrative Informal working groups are undertaking and statistical capacity, and capacity for sectoral and thematic studies that will feed participatory M&E. An extremely weak into the DSRP. They are chaired by infrastructure hinders implementation external partners which, sometimes, invite capacity and IPRSP dissemination, and the Government to participate. UNDP also poses security problems. To ensure chairs a thematic group on institutions and proper coordination in addressing capacity capacity support. enhancement, the Government has created With little Government capacity, the a Secrétariat National pour le responsibility for service delivery Renforcement des Capacités, with the effectively rests almost entirely on NGOs, support of the African Capacity-Building particularly in reunified provinces where Foundation, AfDB, and UNDP. the public administration is either weak or does not exist. NGOs are actively Country-led partnership involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS, The Government is working to overcome school and health centers for its limited experience and capacity to lead rehabilitation, as well as support to development assistance coordination. The refugees. Ministry of Planning is in charge of External partners are coming together coordinating external partners, and the around the IPRSP and the shorter term Government is setting up a Cellule de PMPTR, after an initial period of little Suivi pour une Meilleure Absorption des coordination caused by the absence of Ressources Extérieures which will be external assistance during the height of charged with overseeing the use of the conflict. The five major external external funds. It chairs monthly partners are the USA, France, Belgium, Investment Program meetings, during the IMF, and the World Bank, accounting which only the financing of projects for approximately 74 percent of gross consistent with the PMPTR is approved. ODA in 2002-03. The Netherlands, the In May 2002 the World Bank hosted a EU, and the UK are also key partners. meeting in Paris in which the Government ODA accounted for 101.3 percent of GNI met with its major external partners. That in 2003.48 In 2003 the EC adopted a new same year, the World Bank chaired the 2003-07 Country Strategy Paper which is first CG meeting since the end of the in line with the IPRSP, as is the FY04-06 conflict, and also chaired a CG meeting in World Bank Transitional Support December 2003 in Kinshasa. The Strategy. The 2004-08 USAID Integrated Government has a strong leadership role Strategic Plan supports the DSRP process, in the dialogue at CG meetings, and the Ministry of Finance co-chaired with the 48 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at World Bank a CG meeting for the first http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/31/1901167.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 81 Democratic Republic of Congo as does Belgium's development assistance analytical work on the education sector, in strategy. order for the Government to develop a External partners are undertaking realistic budget and financing strategy for some joint analytical work. In May 2004 Education For All. If successful, this will the Government and the World Bank be developed as an integral part of a completed a CPAR in partnership with financing strategy for the entire education CIDA. The Government is envisaging the sector, which could serve as a focal point possibility of preparing SWAps in health for strategy alignment and then and education. The Government also harmonization of external partner support carried out a HIPC Poverty Tracking with country systems in education. The Expenditure Exercise with the World Government has plans to organize a Bank and the IMF. meeting on harmonization around country systems in the health sector, and it has Capacity building programs are launched a reform of public procurement largely fragmented. However, external on the basis of an action plan prepared partners are jointly supporting capacity with support from the World Bank. building training programs for the main participants of the UPPE-SRP, for the Action is being taken to develop thematic and sectoral groups, and for the stronger in-country partnership structures. bodies responsible for the participatory The World Bank Country Director is consultations, as well as the Civil Service based in Washington, with a strong Reform being implemented by the Country Office in Kinshasa. Other Government. A UN Capacity Building external partners, including UNDP, Unit supports development of the DSRP, USAID, France, Belgium, and the IMF and is working directly within the have decentralized their decision-making Ministry of Planning. It is supported by a processes and increased their presence in number of development assistance the country. agencies. Results focus Preliminary discussions are underway The availability of data for monitoring to design an action plan for harmonization poverty indicators is a major obstacle, and with country systems, and a working the Government - with the support of a group on harmonization is in place. multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical Country systems were decimated during Capacity Building managed by the World the civil war, but some are now being Bank - is preparing a national statistical built up from those designed by external development strategy aimed at partners for Project Implementation Units overcoming these difficulties. There is for use within the broader ministerial little information on social indicators, and system. The Ministry of Education has it is difficult to account for regional approved the national "Education for All differences. To collect the statistical data by 2015" plan, within the framework of needed to establish an accurate poverty technical assistance programs funded by profile, the National Statistical Institute is the Fast Track Initiative, but this has not conducting, in the parts of the country it yet led to harmonization with country can access, a consumption budget survey systems in education. The World Bank is and is collecting data on employment, coordinating with other external partners household consumption, and the informal to provide additional technical support for sector through a National Poverty Survey. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 82 Democratic Republic of Congo There is no integrated financial budget process, after the status of budget management system. execution has been made available to Action has been taken to increase stakeholders by the Parliament. access to development information. The A few elements for a country-level IPRSP and the full DSRP preparation M&E system are in place. The process have been publicized through Government - supported by UNICEF and posters and media campaigns since July UNDP- has established a MDGs 2003. The IPRSP was originally drafted in monitoring program. The Government has French and translated into English. plans to use it to prepare DSRP Progress Consultations were held in local reports, reports on the MDGs, and reports languages, but the IPRSP has not been for country policy makers in one unified translated into any of them. However, the format. The IPRSP identifies progress IPRSP has been printed and distributed to indicators, however, monitoring efforts civil society both at the national and are held back by inaccurate data and provincial levels, and the Government has limited access to many parts of the plans to translate the DSRP into local country. The full DSRP will develop a languages. The Ministry of Finance has a more concise set of intermediate website,49 and the press is becoming more indicators and a set of monitorable and more interested in following the outcome indicators. 49www.minfinrdc.cd CONGO, REPUBLIC OF The Republic of Congo endured three Republic of Congo ­ 2005 episodes of civil war in the 1990's. CDF Assessment Diamond Despite its richness in oil, which makes Long-Term Holistic Vision up 95 percent of exports, the cycle of conflict has exacerbated poverty and unemployment. Ceasefire agreements were signed in November and December Country- Country led of 1999, however, it was only in March Ownership Partnership 2003 that the Government of President Denis Sassou-Nguesso signed a peace agreement with the last rebel group. Results Focus Sporadic outbreaks of violence continue Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments to take place in the Pool region. for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Long-term holistic vision therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. The Republic of Congo has yet to develop a long-term vision. The Nouvelle consolidation of macro stability and the Espérance program was launched by the promotion of key economic sectors, 3) Government as a seven-year plan that access to social services and social corresponds with the presidential term of protection, 4) infrastructure development, President Sassou-Nguesso. The medium- and 5) strengthening the fight against term strategy is the Document Intérimaire HIV/AIDS. The strategy also focuses on de Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté cross-cutting issues like gender (DSRPI), the Republic of Congo's IPRS, integration and environmental protection. which covers development programs and objectives from 2004-07, and coincides A MTEF has not been developed to with the first phase of the Nouvelle link the DSRPI to the budget in a Espérance program.50 The DSRPI's systematic way. The Government devised strategic objectives are in line with those a triennial budget program to direct of the MDGs, NEPAD and the Nouvelle expenditures toward poverty programs in Espérance program. priority sectors. A Public Investment Program is also in place to channel The DSRPI sets out preliminary expenditures toward priority sectors. indicators and targets in line with the MDGs, including the reduction of poverty Country ownership by 50 percent by 2015. The DSRPI also A central PRSP unit has taken leadership sets out interim goals for 2007. in policy formulation, but without a strong The strategy is well balanced in its mechanism for inter-ministerial approach to development, consolidated coordination. The Comité National de into five pillars: 1) consolidation of peace Lutte contre la Pauvreté (CNLP), which is and promotion of good governance, 2) jointly chaired by the Minister of Planning, Land Administration and Economic Integration and the Minister of 50The DSRPI was completed in September 2004. the Economy, Finance and Budget, A full DSRP is expected in December 2006. 83 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 84 Republic of Congo supervised DSRPI preparation. At the Economic and Social Council was local level, the CNLP is represented by consulted on the Government's Public departmental and local committees, the Investment Program. Comité Départemental de Lutte contre la Parliament participated in DSRPI Pauvreté (CDLP) and the Comité Local formulation through its four members in de Lutte contre la Pauvreté (CLLP). the Permanent Technical Secretariat. The Eleven sectoral and thematic groups were Constitution requires that Parliament established to assist in DSRPI approve all economic and development formulation. The CNLP is also planning, as well as the annual budget. In responsible for coordinating and May/June 2004, the draft DSRPI was overseeing the implementation of the submitted to Parliament for information DSRPI, including the design of a country- and comments. In December level M&E system, as well as formulation 2004/January 2005, the final DSRPI was of the full DSRP. presented to Parliament as required, since The Government involved it represents not only the national stakeholders in DSRPI formulation, but development plan, but also the has yet to devise a permanent structure for programmatic basis for the 2005 budget. government-stakeholder dialogue. A Capacity is a major constraint in Permanent Technical Secretariat within policy formulation, and for DSRPI the CNLP, with assistance from UNDP, implementation. Institutions are weakened the World Bank, the EU and France, at all levels from the prolonged conflict. conducted consultations for DSRPI Weak human capacity is also a constraint, formulation with various stakeholders at as is corruption, particularly in the oil the central and local levels, as well as sector. Decentralization is a priority in consultations at the sector level. the DSRPI, and the Government has taken Community consultations were held in concrete steps in this direction through a eleven country departments. modernization program in all Civil society was involved in DSRPI municipalities, as well as large formulation through central and local investments for infrastructure consultations, and also has eight rehabilitation. representatives in the Permanent Technical Secretariat, as well as two more Country-led partnership representatives from the Economic and The Government has taken preliminary Social Council in the Technical steps toward increasing its leadership role Secretariat. At the local and departmental in coordinating development assistance. level, religious groups, community It established in 2004 a directorate within organizations, women's groups, youth the Ministry of Planning, the Direction groups and NGOs participated in Générale pour la Coordination des consultations. Programmes et des Projets en The private sector, namely trade Coopération, as the agency responsible unions, also participated in consultations, for this task, shifting responsibility away but has no representatives in the from the Permanent Technical Secretariat. Permanent Technical Secretariat. The However, coordination still largely takes private sector is represented through the place at the level of individual ministries, Economic and Social Council. The or through the Ministry of Finance. The Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 85 Republic of Congo Government participates in CGs, the last Results focus of which was held in Paris in September The availability of poverty-related data for 2004 and chaired by the World Bank. M&E is weak. The National Statistics External partners intend to align their Office leads data collection efforts under strategies in the future with the DSRPI, as the supervision of the Permanent most strategies were developed prior to its Secretariat. The Government has plans to completion. The five major external strengthen capacity and coordination partners are France, the World Bank, the between the National Statistics Office and EU, UNHCR and the USA, accounting for the Directorates for Studies and Planning approximately 86 percent of gross ODA in various ministries, as well as the in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 2.6 General Directorate of Planning and percent of GNI in 2003.51 Through its Development. The Government is Stratégie de coopération et Programme preparing a multi-year statistical Indicatif 2002-07, the EC makes explicit development program, with the support of its intent to align its sector strategies with a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical the IPRSP. The World Bank's Capacity Building, managed by the World Transitional Support Strategy FY03-05, Bank. The last official census was also lays a foundation for assistance conducted in 1984. In order to obtain data around the IPRSP. UNDP and France for updating indicators in the upcoming provided a great deal of support for PRSP, a CWIQ is under preparation with DSRPI formulation, and their assistance is assistance from the World Bank and broadly in line with its objectives. DFID. A Household Survey is planned Limited partnerships have for 2004-05. materialized through joint analytical work. The Government has plans for a The Government, UNDP and the World communication/dissemination campaign. Bank jointly finance an ongoing poverty This campaign includes the establishment survey. of Local Councils of Poverty Reduction in The Government has not developed a districts and villages in 2005, to coherent capacity building strategy to strengthen dissemination at the grassroots bring together external partners' level. The DSRPI is available on the fragmented initiatives. Government's website.52 With the return of peace and A National Observatory of Poverty increased political stability, development Reduction is being established within the assistance agencies have been increasing National Statistics Office to jointly their country presence. The AFD program monitor DSRPI implementation and the is managed by an office in Brazzaville. MDGs. The Government is emphasizing The World Bank is working to strengthen the need to redefine indicators and targets its Country Office, with its Country as updated, reliable data becomes Director based in Washington. available. 51 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/8/1901194.gif 52www.mefb-cg.org/dsrpi.htm COTE D'IVOIRE Cote d'Ivoire has been plagued by Cote d' Ivoire ­ 2005 growing political instability since the CDF Assessment Diamond early 1990s. This culminated in a military Long-Term Holistic Vision coup in December 1999 - which overthrew President Bedie's Government - and a failed coup attempt in September 2002 - aimed at deposing President Country- Country Gbagbo - which led to civil war and the led Ownership Partnership division of the country into a rebel-held north and a Government controlled south. The rebellion has escalated into the worst crisis since independence in 1960. In Results Focus January 2003, the major political parties Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments and the New Forces signed the Linas- for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Marcoussis Accord (LMA), agreeing to a therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for power-sharing national reconciliation that axis. Government to include rebel New Forces representatives. Delays in the A draft Poverty Reduction Strategy implementation of the political reforms Paper (PRSP) was prepared in August- called for by the Marcoussis Accord and September 2002; however, the civil the July 2004 Accra Accords - reaffirming conflict significantly changed the social the LMA goals - have led to escalating situation and the PRSP process was tension with renewed fighting in interrupted. It was restarted in mid-2003 November 2004. Following the in consultation with the World Bank, the resurgence of violence, the UN Security IMF and other external partners. During Council issued an immediate arms 2004, the Government continued work on embargo on Cote d'Ivoire. The country the PRSP to take into account the post- remains split into two parts with the south conflict situation, new expenditure held by the Government and forces of priorities, and the World Bank's President Gbagbo, and the north under the emergency assistance program. However, control of the rebel New Forces. following the periodic resurgence of violence and the military confrontations in Long-term holistic vision November 2004, the full PRSP was put on There has been an effort to develop a hold again. long-term vision and complementary MDG targets are more ambitious than medium-term strategy. In 1997 the IPRSP targets, and the Government has Government developed "Cote d'Ivoire plans to use the MDGs in the full PRSP as 2025," which set the framework for an reference points for measuring progress. Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper The IPRSP rests on six pillars: 1) (IPRSP).53 promoting macroeconomic stability; 2) improving the climate for private sector and rural development; 3) increasing access and quality of basic social services; 53 4) advancing decentralization; 5) The IPRSP was completed in January 2002. 86 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 87 Cote d'Ivoire promoting good governance and capacity Committee drafted a plan for the IPRSP building to allow for better resource and during its formulation the allocation; and 6) strengthening the Government consulted with all segments security of people and property. The of society both at the central and regional IPRSP also considers gender and level. It held a launch workshop in environmental issues high priorities; Abidjan chaired by the Prime Minister in however, its proposals are not illustrated May 2001, and ten regional consultations in detail. throughout the country in July 2001. In There have been some efforts to August 2001, it established a drafting develop a link between strategy and the committee, and in November 2001 it budget. In 2003, the Government organized technical workshops. The envisaged reforms in public expenditure National PRSP Consultative Committee management that included the validated the IPRSP in January 2002. In development of a MTEF. However, order to adopt a more participatory implementation was not successful due to approach in PRSP implementation and in outbreak of civil war, when priorities the monitoring of development programs, shifted towards concerns with national the Government plans to replace the PRSP integrity and security. Key poverty Supervision Committee with a permanent reduction expenditures are likely to be coordination unit appointed by the Prime identified and subsequently financed with Minister. It also plans to create a HIPC funds. Technical Committee to support this unit, as well as regional and local consultative Country ownership committees. Following thematic discussions organized in February and The Office of the Prime Minister and the March 2002 with the World Bank's Ministry of Planning and Development support, the office of the Prime Minister took the lead in preparation of the PRSP. held a national workshop to launch the In July 2000, the Government created a preparation of the full PRSP. National PRSP Consultative Committee, responsible for ensuring a participatory Civil society organizations were approach and validating the IPRSP and involved in IPRSP formulation. They are the PRSP. It is endowed with a technical represented in the National PRSP body, the PRSP Supervision Committee, Consultative Committee, in the PRSP specifically responsible for formulating, Supervision Committee, and in the assessing, and monitoring the IPRSP and drafting committee. NGOs, professional the PRSP. The National PRSP organizations, associations, academics, Consultative Committee and the PRSP and trade unions work closely with Supervision Committee are in charge of Government representatives in the PRSP monitoring PRSP implementation. The Supervision Committee. They participated IPRSP also envisages the creation of in the national and regional workshops, regional and local PRSP monitoring and they were requested to comment on committees. IPRSP drafts. The intent is to include CSOs in the Technical Committee, as well Stakeholders were involved in IPRSP as in the National Capacity Building formulation; however the conflict has Secretariat. prevented them from fully engaging in the PRSP process. The PRSP Supervision The private sector also played a role in strategy formulation. It was represented Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 88 Cote d'Ivoire in the National PRSP Consultative Country-led partnership Committee, in the PRSP Supervision The Government's capacity to manage Committee, and in the drafting committee. development assistance coordination is It took part both in the national and weak. In October 1999, the Government regional workshops, and it is now and the World Bank jointly chaired a represented in the Technical Committee. meeting with the AfDB and the EC, The President of the Economic and Social during which it was agreed that the Council - a constitutionally mandated and Government would hold regular and well-established structure for dialogue informal meetings with its external between the public and the private sector - partners. Subsequently, external partner was asked for comments on the draft coordination was put on hold, but re- IPRSP in December 2001 and was intensified during the past two years actively involved in preparing the draft despite the difficult country conditions. full PRSP. During the recent crisis, external partner Parliamentary involvement has been responses were coordinated under the limited. Individual parliamentarians framework of the ad-hoc Special Crisis participated in the workshops held by the Committee of Donors and External Government during IPRSP formulation, Partners chaired by the World Bank. The and the President of the National first in-country CG was held in Abidjan in Assembly was also requested to give May 1998; prior to that, CGs were held in feedback on the draft IPRSP. The IPRSP Paris. The second in-country CG meeting was not submitted to the plenary. The was envisaged at end-2001, but could not National Assembly approves the budget take place. In 2004, a proposed multi- and is required by the Constitution to donor assessment mission - which would approve programmatic laws identifying have led to an external partner economic and social development coordination forum including the World objectives. Bank, UN agencies, external partners, The Government's capacity is weak Ivorian authorities and civil society - had and has been deteriorating, especially for to be postponed due to the deterioration of formulating and implementing long-term the political situation. The EC organizes strategies. Capacity in the northern areas ad hoc local external partner coordination under the control of the ex-rebels is meetings related to key sectors and particularly weak due to the departure of themes, such as poverty and HIV/AIDS. many administration officials and civil Round table meetings on issues such as servants at the onset of the war. The environment, health, and education have worsening economic situation - caused by also been held and there are plans to delays in the cocoa campaign, the organize further round table meetings on slowdown due to the exodus of investors capacity building, private sector and business owners crucial to the development, and poverty reduction. economy, as well as the Government's Some external partners are aligning increased spending on military their development assistance strategies expenditures prior to the embargo - has with IPRSP objectives. The five major limited its capacity to undertake priority external partners are France, the World social expenditures and to service its Bank, the USA, Canada, and Germany, external debt obligations. accounting for approximately 84 percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. The EU and the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 89 Cote d'Ivoire IMF are also active. ODA accounted for comprehensive capacity building plan to 1.9 percent of GNI in 2003.54 In be included in the full PRSP. November 2004 the World Bank revised a Some preliminary steps have been draft Interim Transitional Support taken toward the use of country systems. Strategy prepared in 2003 - which is in Harmonization in the context of post- line with the IPRSP - and it is delaying the conflict financial assistance and preparation of its Country Assistance consultations on sector issues is expected Strategy until the PRSP is complete. The to intensify during and after the first joint 2003-07 UNFPA Country Programme multi-donor assessment mission, which supports the IPRSP and the Government's will be launched when security conditions efforts to reduce poverty. are met and arrears are cleared. The Some joint analytical work is Government has developed a new materializing. There is active dialogue on Procurement Code to eliminate fiscal - especially public expenditure - discriminatory procedures, increase governance and social sector issues. competition, and reinforce transparency Collaboration between the World Bank, and accountability procedures. the IMF and other external partners such Several development assistance as the EC has been strong, including the agencies are increasing their presence in preparation of a PER finalized in the country to better take part in daily November 2003, and the ongoing audit of decision-making. The World Bank the cocoa regulatory framework. The Country Director is based in Abidjan and World Bank and AfDB also completed a has remained in the Country Office even CPAR in 2004. The proposed joint multi- after the recent evacuation of non- donor assessment mission and joint essential staff due to the security situation. financing of a disarmament and Other external partners, such as UNDP, demobilization program are likely to ILO, UNICEF, WHO, France, and GTZ further strengthen collaboration among have decentralized or are in the process of external partners. Additional coordination decentralizing their decision-making efforts for budget support and the process. Regular consultations in the PRSP/HIPC are on hold until the Abidjan office and headquarters among suspension of World Bank disbursements, development partners are ensuring in place since November 2004 when Cote coordination and exchange of information. d'Ivoire was placed in non-accrual status due to outstanding debt service Results focus obligations. The quality and availability of data had Concrete actions aimed at supporting been improving until the resurgence of the capacity building in a coordinated way war in 2002. Some further improvements have not been taken yet. However, were made in 2003 but the revival of capacity building is one of the main goals violence in 2004 caused priorities to shift stated in the IPRSP and the National to the issues of national security and made Capacity Building Secretariat has plans to most MDGs no longer attainable. The work closely with the National PRSP Government prepared a national statistical Consultative Committee to elaborate a development strategy with the support of a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical 54 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at Capacity Building. Based on the strategy, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/9/1901210.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 90 Cote d'Ivoire the National Statistics Institute is Stakeholder access to development responsible for coordinating the collection information is limited. However, the of statistics, including sector studies and Ministry of Planning and Development is household surveys, such as the Survey on developing a website to maximize public Household Living Conditions completed information and allow continuous in 2001, whose results were incorporated dialogue between key players in the PRSP in the IPRSP. However, availability of process. The PRSP team is also working poverty data is limited and there is a towards making evaluation results strong necessity to build a database on available to the public through the poverty. A new household survey is creation of a portal on the website. envisaged for the preparation of a full A country-level M&E system is PRSP to assess the impact of the crisis under development. The World Bank is and the need for expenditure adjustments. supporting the advancement of a full Following the identification of key Poverty Impact Monitoring System, which poverty-reducing expenditures, the takes stock of the existing country system Government has plans to use the SIGFIP - and gives priority to the education and an integrated financial management debt components. Partnerships around system - for executing and monitoring M&E have not yet developed. The IPRSP budget expenditures. However, the shift of lists a series of performance indicators to priorities within the Government has put be monitored. these plans on hold. DJIBOUTI Long-term holistic vision Djibouti ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action is being taken toward establishing Long-Term Holistic Vision a long-term vision that serves as reference for policy makers. The Document Stratégique de Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSRP), Djibouti's PRS,55 is the Country- Country led country's long-term development vision Ownership Partnership through 2015. In 2000 the Government prepared a long-term strategy for the education sector that fed into the DSRP. Results Focus The medium-term strategy builds on Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments long-term objectives. The DSRP presents for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all a medium-term strategy for 2004-06 as criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for the first stage in the implementation of the that axis. vision. It builds on a series of sectoral strategies for government reform, health, The Government has not yet prepared HIV/AIDS, education, water, gender, a MTEF. Sector ministries are only urbanization, environment, marginally associated with budget decentralization and justice, and provides preparation, and spending is not the overall framework for their monitored on a regular basis. Some implementation. The Government has also progress has been made toward prepared a National Road Strategy to strengthening public financial further implement the DSRP. management. In 2004 the Government Long-term development goals have started publishing semi-annual reports on been identified. The DSRP sets goals and social spending. It has started targets consistent with the MDGs, but implementing a treasury cash adapted to country circumstances. management system which is helping enforce budgetary discipline and bring The strategy starts by addressing a government spending in line with comprehensive set of issues, and identifies available resources. priorities in line with the country size and geographical situation. The strategy Country ownership focuses on four priority areas: 1) economic growth; 2) human resource The Prime Minister took the lead in the development; 3) regional development formulation of the DSRP, with the and basic infrastructure; 4) good political support of the President, and governance. It analyzes cross-sectoral chaired an inter-ministerial committee to linkages for the reduction of gender coordinate participation of central and line disparities and the fight against ministries during DSRP formulation. The HIV/AIDS. Minister of the Economy, Finance and Planning (MoEFP) presided over the work of a special commission created within an 55The Government completed the DSRP in March existing governmental advisory body, and 2004. 91 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 92 Djibouti coordinated DSRP formulation. thematic sub-committees. Parliament is Representatives of line ministries and mandated by the Constitution to approve government agencies participated in the the budget and vote the programmatic commission as well as in a permanent laws determining the social and economic secretariat and eight thematic sub- objectives of the country. It approved the committees that formulated the strategy. DSRP. The opposition is not represented DSRP implementation will be coordinated in Parliament as a result of an electoral by an inter-ministerial committee for system that allocates all the seats to the steering government action under the majority party. leadership of the Prime Minister's Office There is a relatively competent and and linked with existing units within well-paid civil service. However, planning MoEFP. and implementation are sometimes Stakeholder involvement in DSRP hampered by insufficient coordination and formulation materialized through ad-hoc poor communication between central and mechanisms, but action is being taken to line ministries. The DSRP process has establish a sustainable mechanism for helped address some of these government- stakeholder dialogue. The shortcomings by providing a framework DSRP special commission organized for government coordination. national and regional workshops to consult with a wide range of stakeholders. Country-led partnership The final draft of the DSRP was submitted Elements exist for further progress in to stakeholders at a national validation strengthening Government leadership of workshop. The Prime Minister's Office is external assistance coordination. The consulting with stakeholders to identify MoEFP takes the lead in coordination and mechanisms for their involvement in regularly updates a database with DSRP implementation. information on external partners' Some civil society organizations have activities. The Ministry of Education been involved in DSRP formulation. holds regular meetings with all external Some NGOs and trade unions participated partners supporting the sector. The in the thematic sub-committees. CSOs Ministry of Health is establishing similar were consulted during national and practices. The next CG meeting will be regional workshops. chaired by the World Bank in Paris or Dubai, and tentatively held in mid-2005. The role of the private sector in DSRP formulation was significant. The The Government is moving toward private sector participated in DSRP strengthening its relationship with the formulation through business associations private sector. The port is managed like the Chamber of Commerce, which through a public-private partnership and participated in the thematic sub- similar partnerships are being considered committees. Private sector representatives for the management of the international had an impact on the content of the DSRP rail link between Djibouti and Addis and its focus on the development of the Ababa. port and port-related activities. External partners are moving toward Parliamentary involvement was aligning their assistance strategies with significant during DSRP formulation. DSRP objectives. The five major external Parliamentarians participated in the partners are France, the World Bank, Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 93 Djibouti Japan, the EU and Arab countries, Some development assistance accounting for approximately 82 percent agencies have strengthened their presence of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA in the country to participate in daily accounted for 12.1 percent of GNI in decision making. The IMF, the EC, 2003.56 UNDP and the AfDB also play an UNDP and France have country offices in active role. The World Bank Country Djibouti. USAID opened a Mission in Assistance Strategy FY06-08 is based on Djibouti in 2004. The World Bank's the DSRP. The AfDB Country Strategy program is managed by a Country Paper, prepared in 2004, is aligned with Director based in Egypt and supported by the DSRP. France and the EC focus their a Country Office in Yemen. assistance on specific sectors. Results focus Partnerships in external financial support are at an early stage. External Elements exist for further progress in partners are taking steps toward a SWAp enhancing the quality and availability of in education. The World Bank, AfDB and poverty-related data. In 2002 the France support programs in line with the Government carried out two national education strategy, implemented by surveys, one on poverty and socio- existing units within the Ministry of economic indicators, and another on Education, staffed with civil servants, and health and population indicators. are discussing joint financing for the However, the quality of poverty data is sector. USAID is considering joining the significantly hampered by the lack of a other external partners in supporting the recent and reliable population census. The education sector. Government plans to conduct a household survey in 2005 and is taking steps to The DSRP has a strong focus on streamline its information system. There capacity building and external partners are were two statistical agencies that have recognizing the need to align with the been merged into a new Directorate for needs identified in the strategy. For Statistics and Demographic Studies example, the integrated framework for (DISED) attached to the MoEFP. The trade-related technical assistance ­ a joint Government is also participating in the initiative of the IMF, the World Bank, the IMF's General Data Dissemination ITC, UNDP, UNCTAD and WTO - is System. An integrated financial being prepared in line with the DSRP. management system is not yet in place. Some elements exist to move toward Some work is being done to better the use of country systems. The inform the public on Government policies. Government is considering the The DSRP was prepared in French and is preparation of an action program to being translated into Arabic, the other strengthen transparency and effectiveness official language. The Government is of procurement and financial preparing a communication strategy in management, based on the partnership with NGOs and the media to recommendations of a CFAA and a CPAR inform citizens on the objectives of the prepared by the World Bank in 2005. DSRP. The DSRP is posted on the website of the MoEFP, together with the minutes of the national validation 56 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/5/1885249.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 94 Djibouti workshop.57 Access to the internet, commission for growth and poverty however, is limited in the country. reduction and a technical unit for M&E Illiteracy is high, particularly among within the DISED to track progress in women, for whom it is estimated at about DSRP implementation. The Government 85 percent. is also conducting a feasibility study for M&E of government policies to the establishment of an independent inform decision making and policy review poverty observatory comprised of is at an early stage. The DSRP identifies government and stakeholders' detailed progress indicators only for 2004. representatives to assess the impact of The Government is planning to create a poverty reduction policies. 57http://www.ministere- finances.dj/DSRP/index.HTM. DOMINICA Long-term holistic vision Dominica ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Dominica's Interim Poverty Reduction Long-Term Holistic Vision Strategy Paper (IPRSP), which is not linked to a long-term vision, is linked to other medium-term strategies and serves as an input to the Government's overall Country- Country policy making.58 Where relevant, the led Ownership Partnership IPRSP's goals are linked to the MDGs, although Dominica has already achieved many of the MDG targets. A set of country-specific long-term targets is being Results Focus developed. Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all The IPRSP's approach is well criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would balanced in its considerations of both therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. fiscal and structural reforms, as well as the need to redistribute spending on social programs and channel funds towards the agenda, as the limited institutional most effective programs, and also those capacity of the government is currently that target the neediest groups. The main focused on debt restructuring, objectives of the IPRSP include economic strengthening of financial management growth, job creation, raising the standard and public investment planning and of living among the poor, and maximizing execution, and public sector reform. the effectiveness of the government's Long-term technical assistance for multi- financial resources dedicated to pro-poor year budgeting is expected to be provided programs. It includes a structural reform by CARTAC and DFID. matrix for 2003-06. Country ownership The IPRSP is not linked to the budget Inter-ministerial coordination during through a MTEF, but there is a three-year policy formulation is achieved through the rolling Public Sector Investment Program. Cabinet and Committee of Permanent Budget projections are included in the Secretaries' roles in overseeing the IPRSP, indicating no additional spending, preparation of the upcoming PRSP. The but a reshuffling of current social National Poverty Assessment Coordinator expenditures. The PRSP will include a chairs a Technical Working Group, which continuation of the three-year is responsible for drafting the PRSP and macroeconomic framework used to guide coordinating consultations with the development of the FY04-05 budget. stakeholders. The development of a detailed, full multi-year budgeting MTEF is part There is no permanent structure for of the Government's medium-term stakeholder participation, but the Government continues its efforts to involve stakeholders in policy 58The IPRSP was completed in November 2003. formulation. Extensive consultations for A full PRSP is expected end 2005. IPRSP preparation involved a series of 95 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 96 Dominica stakeholders through various meetings There is capacity for policy and workshops, and stakeholders are formulation, but less so for similarly involved in PRSP formulation. implementation. As a small island state, The Government is taking action to Dominica is limited to a small public consistently engage in dialogue with civil sector. Given the broad scope of the society. Civil society was consulted on a strategy, a small public sector poses a quarterly basis during IPRSP preparation capacity constraint for the successful through an Economic Stabilization implementation of the forthcoming PRSP. Consultation Group (ESCG), which also Country-led partnership included Government representatives. The ESCG expanded its role to become As part of the stabilization and structural the Independent Monitoring Group, a civil reform program launched in 2003, the society group including religious Government has made some effort to organizations, which monitored the coordinate development assistance Government's performance on ongoing through a series of meetings aimed at poverty reduction programs. The mobilizing external support for its Independent Monitoring Group has been program. The Government also disbanded as its original term ­ one year ­ participates in the Caribbean Group for has expired. Civil society participated in Cooperation and Economic Development broad-level consultations for the IPRSP, (CGCED) meetings, the last of which was including the media and opposition held in Washington in 2000. The next CG political parties. PRSP consultations, meeting (re-named Caribbean Forum for ongoing since January 2005, include civil Development), currently being organized society, trade unions and other members by the CDB, will be held in May 2005. of the private sector, media and political Most external partners' activities are parties. broadly in line with IPRSP objectives, but The private sector participated in alignment is at an early stage. The five IPRSP consultations through the ESCG. major external partners are Japan, the Although the ESCG is no longer active, CDB, the EU, the IMF and the UK, the private sector maintains dialogue with accounting for approximately 89 percent the Government through the new of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA Economic Advisory Council. The accounted for 4.6 percent of GNI in Economic Advisory Council was created 2003.59 China is also a major partner. The by the Government as a mechanism for World Bank plans to finalize an OECS stakeholder participation that includes Country Assistance Strategy in 2005, civil society as well as the private sector. which will be aligned with the PRSP. It is In 2004, the Government conducted its expected that other development third round of yearly budget consultations assistance agencies will align their with the private sector. country assistance strategies with the priorities laid out in the PRSP, to the The Parliament was not involved in extent that it becomes clear that the IPRSP consultations, and is not required Government plans to use the PRSP as the to approve a national development plan. framework guiding external assistance. The Government is expected to table the final version of the PRSP to Parliament along with the FY05-06 budget. 59 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/55/1880632.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 97 Dominica DFID, the EC and the CDB provide the country. The World Bank's Country support for many of the IPRSP's strategic Director is based in Washington. Other sectors, with similar goals to those development assistance agencies have expressed in the IPRSP. country offices located in Barbados. Several external partners, including Results focus the World Bank, the IMF, CARTAC, CIDA, DFID, the EC and UNDP, provide While data on poverty is not collected coordinated technical assistance to the regularly, ongoing assistance is aimed at Government in the areas of financial and strengthening poverty data collection and public expenditure management, public analysis. A Poverty Assessment was sector reform and social security. completed in 2003 with the support of the Analytical work on economic growth and CDB, and is informing the preparation of competitiveness issues (two World Bank the PRSP. An integrated financial studies have been completed, covering the management system is in place, whereby whole Caribbean region and the OECS revenue and expenditures can be tracked, countries, respectively) is ongoing with and efforts are ongoing to strengthen the financial support from the EC. system. Discussions are also ongoing with the EC The Government made information for channeling future EC budget support about the IPRSP widely available in through a World Bank-managed trust fund addition to extensive consultations during in support of a reform program to achieve its preparation. The Government plans to PRSP objectives, and designed and broadly disseminate information about the implemented by the Government with upcoming PRSP. World Bank support. M&E takes place largely at the The government is not leading an project level, but there are plans to design effort to harmonize around country a country-level M&E system. The IPRSP systems. does not identify intermediate indicators. Given the small size of country Efforts are underway to define programs, most external partners conduct intermediate indicators to include in the their programs in Dominica from outside full PRSP. ETHIOPIA Long-term holistic vision Ethiopia ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond A long-term vision of growth and Long-Term Holistic Vision transformation guiding medium-term strategy development is the Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI). It considers agriculture as the Country- Country primary stimulus to generate employment led Ownership Partnership and income for the poor, as well as a catalyst for the development of other sectors. Several Sectoral Development Programs (SDPs) elaborated by the Results Focus Government, including programs in Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments education, health, and roads, complement for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would the long-term vision. After elections in therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for May 2000, the ruling party EPRDF that axis. adopted the constitutionally-required Second Five-Year Development Plan targets, and it includes explicit gender and 2000-05, which elaborates policy and environment issues. MDGs are integrated institutional measures needed to achieve into the SDPRP, which shares some of the the ADLI. The Sustainable Development same targets, such as halving poverty by and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP) 2015. However it does not fully articulate is the PRS,60 a medium-term program the link between the achievement of covering the period 2002-05 informed by MDGs and policy interventions. Ethiopia the SDPs also with links to the ADLI. An is a UN Millennium Project pilot country updated SDPRP will be incorporated into and the Ministry of Finance and the Five-Year Development Plan 2006-10. Economic Development is charged with The SDPRP focuses on four pillars: supervising the integration of MDG 1) growth - private sector development, targets into national development rural development, vulnerability, and planning, specifically into the 2006-10 roads; 2) human development outcomes - Five-Year Development Plan. education, health, and water; 3) public Action has been taken to develop a sector institutional outcomes; and 4) link between the budget and SDPRP democratic governance and priorities. The Government is in the decentralization. Specific actions included process of preparing a MTEF; however, in these four pillars are articulated in a the progress has been slow due to the Policy Matrix. The SDPRP clearly integrates highly devolved level of fiscal authority rural, industrial, and social development of sub-national administrations. The Government is envisaging a macro-fiscal framework with a three-year horizon, to be used to set overall and sector ceilings in the early stages of budget preparation. 60The ADLI was completed in 1992. The SDPRP The pro-poor orientation of budgets at the was completed in July 2002, and a SDPRP federal and regional levels is robust and Progress Report was finalized in December 2003. 98 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 99 Ethiopia consistent with SDPRP priorities, and Action has been taken to involve civil recently attempts have been made to society in policy formulation. Civil introduce Public Expenditure Programs society representatives moderated the regionally. Poverty-reduction spending is consultations for SDPRP preparation at defined at the sectoral level and includes the district level. NGOs discussed the spending on education, health, roads, draft SDPRP with the Government during agriculture, and water. Resources devoted the district, regional, and federal to poverty sectors based on SDPs further consultations, and they established an SDPRP implementation. independent NGO task force - known as Poverty Action Network (PANE) - aimed Country ownership at monitoring the consultative process. A Country leaders across the executive have draft of the SDPRP Progress Report was played a crucial role in strategy circulated among the NGO community. formulation. The Ministry of Finance and The private sector was also involved Economic Development (MOFED) is the in the consultations for the formulation of locus of initiative for the content of the the SDPRP. The National and City SDPRP. The Government established a Chambers of Commerce were the lead Steering Committee composed of private sector organizations involved in Ministers and a National Technical SDPRP formulation, and the Chamber of Committee composed of poverty-oriented Commerce established sectoral working professionals, as well as a Secretariat, in groups to feed into the consultations. A charge of conducting consultations for public-private sector consultative forum - SDPRP formulation. A similar structure established prior to SDPRP formulation was adopted at the regional level. and led by the Minister of Trade and Following SDPRP completion, four inter- Industry - was used to address major ministerial working groups were created problem areas identified by the private to refine matrices contained in each of its sector during SDPRP formulation, and the four main pillars. The Government has Government has committed itself to revitalized a Welfare Monitoring Unit - increasing the private sector's role in created in 1996 - to meet M&E strategy implementation. requirements of SDPRP implementation. Some members of the Parliament Stakeholder participation in policy participated in local, regional, and formulation has been significant; less so national consultations, and the Parliament during strategy implementation. For extensively discussed the draft SDPRP. SDPRP formulation, the Government The Constitution requires Parliament to organized various consultative fora approve general policies and strategies of starting at the woreda (district) level, and economic and social development, fiscal later at the regional and federal levels. and monetary policy, and to ratify the The Government developed a social Federal Budget. As a consequence, the mobilization strategy for SDPRP legislature endorsed a number of policy implementation - aimed at enhancing and institutional reforms - as well as the community participation in urban areas annual budget - consistent with the following the new municipality SDPRP framework. restructuring - and it held consultations for the SDPRP Progress Report. The Government has strong capacity to formulate policy; however, Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 100 Ethiopia implementation capacity varies across in 2003.61 The 2002-07 EC Country ministries and across regions, and the Strategy Paper explicitly reflects the administration is working on ensuring priorities laid out by the Government in standards and further enhancing capacity the IPRSP, and the FY03-05 World Bank in strategic planning. Country Assistance Strategy is in line with the SDPRP. The AfDB 2002-04 Country-led partnership Country Strategy Paper fully takes into There are some signs of stronger account the SDPRP and USAID has Government leadership in development aligned its 2004-08 Integrated Strategic assistance coordination. In October 2002 Plan with SDPRP objectives, particularly MOFED organized a workshop with local in the area of food security. external partners where it expressed its Partnerships revolving around preference for more flexible development financial and analytical support are well assistance instruments, such as direct developed. A group of eight external budget support and sector support. In partners - the World Bank, AfDB, the EC, 2003 the Government - in collaboration DFID, CIDA, SIDA, Ireland, and KfW - with external partners - established a High known as the Joint Budget Support (JBS) Level Forum (HLF) to enable better group, has made significant progress in policy dialogue and mutual accountability. terms of building strong trust and The HLF - which meets quarterly - is partnership with the Government as well chaired by the Minister of Finance and as improving the quality of development Economic Development and co-chaired assistance delivery. The percentage of by the head of the Development ODA in the form of budget support has Assistance Group (DAG). The World increased sharply from less than 10 Bank coordinates overall development percent to about 30 percent over the assistance in the CG context. In December course of 2002-04. The coordination of 2002 the World Bank chaired the first in- the JBS group has been effectively country CG meeting since 1996. The leveraged through World Bank PRSC World Bank and the UN Resident operations. Coordinator co-chair the DAG, which is composed of heads of development The Government has been working assistance missions and meets on a for several years on SWAps in health, monthly basis. In September 2001 a DAG education, water, and roads, showing Core Group was established as a sub- good progress in road construction and group of the DAG to support the SDPRP primary school enrollment. An agriculture in a coordinated manner. SWAp is under preparation. The AfDB is currently supporting SWAps in education, Many external partners' development health, and transport. The Government is assistance strategies are aligned with the preparing a Memorandum of SDPRP. The five major external partners Understanding aimed at establishing a are the USA, the World Bank, the EU, common relationship with external Japan, and the UK, accounting for partners providing budget support. There approximately 81 percent of gross ODA are some examples of joint analytical in 2002-03. The AfDB is also active. work. The World Bank, together with ODA accounted for 22.9 percent of GNI 61 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/7/1880804.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 101 Ethiopia other external partners - including the EC, whose building blocks are: 1) instituting a DFID, SIDA, Ireland, and Norway - comprehensive Government-external completed a CFAA in June 2003. A partner dialogue architecture; 2) reaching CPAR was completed in 2002 and a PER a consensus on policy framework for was completed in 2004. budget support, and 3) a developing a A comprehensive capacity-building Harmonization Action Plan. Such an program supported jointly by external Action Plan was endorsed by the partners is in place. The Government has Government and external partners in developed a National Capacity Building December 2004 and implementation Strategy and has embarked on a large started formally in January 2005. multi-sector capacity building program to The most progress toward modernize its accountability and financial harmonization has been through budget systems. The Ministry of Capacity support. Since 2003, the JBS group has Building - created in 2001 to guide the followed common procedures and timing formulation, implementation, monitoring to undertake missions and engage in a and evaluation of capacity building dialogue with the Government. The programs - has outlined several important Government-JBS partnership gained steps to be taken in collaborating with momentum when the Government external partners to provide joint capacity officially introduced a planning and building support to the health and budgeting calendar in December 2003. In education sector programs. A Public February 2004, the JBS group and the Service Capacity Building Program - Government reached agreement on an supported by the World Bank, the EC, alignment framework aimed at DFID, CIDA, SIDA, Ireland, and streamlining JBS processes and timing Germany - aims at enabling federal, with the SDPRP/budget cycle. The regional and local institutions to deliver progress in harmonization of budget efficient services. The EC, USAID, support was clearly reflected in the DFID, AfDB and UNDP are supporting a September 2004 PRSC II/JBS appraisal private sector development capacity mission, which led to: a) the adoption of building project with implementation commonly agreed ToR and timing; b) the scheduled to commence in 2005. successful conclusion of the first Joint Some progress has been achieved Budget Aid Review; c) and the drafting of towards harmonization and use of country a Memorandum of Understanding to be systems. The agenda of enhanced used as a code of conduct. partnership gained momentum when Several development assistance Ethiopia was selected as one of the three agencies have increased their presence in pilot countries for harmonization in June the country to better participate in day-to- 2002. The subsequent SPA mission of day decision making. The World Bank September 2002 - co-led by the EC and Country Director is based in Addis Ababa. DFID, and including the World Bank, The AFD, CIDA, AfDB, the EC, and Finland, France, Ireland, Japan, SIDA, DFID are among the external partners that and AfDB - provided impetus for the have increased their presence in the development of a unified framework for country. The AfDB is strengthening its harmonization. In October 2002 a joint Country Office, which will be given Government-external partner Task Force appropriate responsibility and authority to developed a Harmonization Framework Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 102 Ethiopia enhance project supervision and portfolio Public awareness of poverty issues management in the country. has increased substantially through the wide-ranging SDPRP consultations and Results focus awareness workshops organized by the Data collection has improved in terms of Government, and development timeliness, coverage, quality, and information is increasingly being made accessibility. The Central Statistical available. The SDPRP has also been Authority (CSA) is the main data translated into local languages. collection agency; however, several other The Government is taking several ministries collect socio-economic data to steps to develop a country-level M&E monitor SDPRP implementation. A wide system. To strengthen and sustain M&E range of household surveys are being of the SDPRP - with the technical carried out in accordance with the assistance of the World Bank - it has Medium-Term National Statistical developed a SDPRP M&E Action Plan, Program 2003-08, including a Welfare which foresees an M&E system managed Monitoring Survey started in 2004 and a by MOFED. A Memorandum of Household Income and Consumption Understanding has been signed by Survey started in January 2005. A PPA is MOFED and DAG members to support currently ongoing. The CSA and the the implementation of the SDPRP M&E Welfare Monitoring Unit are initializing Action Plan. The SDPRP provides a clear preparations for the data/information set of indicators and targets for management and dissemination systems monitoring and evaluating implementation development. The Government has in the social sectors. The inter-ministerial prepared an Aid Management Platform working groups charged with refining the aimed at managing information on SDPRP policy matrix reduced its 449 development assistance flows, and is also indicators to 127 for PRSC and budget commencing the development and support purposes. implementation of an Integrated Financial Management Information System. GAMBIA, THE Long-term holistic vision The Gambia ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action is being taken toward developing a Long-Term Holistic Vision long-term vision widely agreed within the country. The Gambia's Vision 2020, prepared in 1996, identifies the country's development goals through 2020. The Country- Country Government is currently revising and led Ownership Partnership updating Vision 2020 with the support of UNDP. The medium-term strategy is linked Results Focus to the long-term vision. The Strategy for Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments Poverty Alleviation II (SPA II) 2003-05, for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all The Gambia's PRS,62 is the medium-term criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would strategy for the implementation of Vision therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. 2020. It builds on the economic recovery program launched in 1998 and incorporates lessons learned from the The link between the strategy and the implementation of the SPA I 1994-98. budget is at its early stages. The SPA II identifies the need for a MTEF, but the Some national development goals Government has not yet developed one. In have been identified, with links to 2003 the Government appointed a MTEF international targets. The SPA II identifies advisor, and prepared an implementation development targets for health and action plan. However, it is postponing the education in line with the MDGs, adapted implementation of the MTEF, scheduled to country circumstances. It furthers and for 2005. Line ministries still prepare operationalizes the link with international annual budgets that only marginally development goals already identified in reflect the priorities identified in the SPA Vision 2020. II. The strategy starts addressing a comprehensive set of issues. The SPA II Country ownership has the objective of creating a policy The Department of State for Finance and environment for sustainable economic Economic Affairs spearheaded SPA II growth, enhancing productive capacity formulation and provided political and social protection for the poor, and leadership. The locus of initiative for the supporting decentralization. It addresses SPA II content was within the country and cross-cutting issues like gender, the fight the focus of the strategy on education, against HIV/AIDS, and environmental health, agriculture, community-driven protection. development and decentralization stems from consultations between government agencies, local governments and 62The Government completed the SPA II in April stakeholders. 2002. In January 2005 it completed a first Progress Report covering SPA II implementation from July Coordination mechanisms for SPA II 2002 to December 2003. formulation built on structures established 103 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 104 The Gambia for SPA I formulation and embedded in stakeholder and external partner government institutions. The Strategy for representatives. Poverty Alleviation Coordination Office Action is being taken to establish a (SPACO), then a semi-autonomous sustainable structure for continuing government agency and now integrated government - stakeholder dialogue. The into the Department of State for Finance Department of State for Finance and and Economic Affairs, coordinated SPA II Economic Affairs conducts pre-budget formulation. SPACO was supported by a consultations with stakeholders, held for National Task Force, comprised of the first time in 2001, and is organizing representatives of the ministries of Health, training programs on budgetary analysis Education, Works, Trade and Finance, the for stakeholders. SPACO is organizing Office of the President as well as focus groups for the preparation of stakeholder representatives. SPACO, community planning. The National Task however, was mainly staffed with national Force has not been disbanded but is consultants who left after its integration playing a limited role in SPA II into the Department of State for Finance implementation. The Government is and Economic Affairs, with a significant establishing a Stakeholder Monitoring loss of institutional memory. Group comprised of stakeholder and Coordination mechanisms for government representatives, which should implementation build on formulation act as a M&E quality assurance group and structures. The Department of State for report to the High Level Economic Finance and Economic Affairs Committee. coordinates SPA II implementation, and Civil society organizations were together with the Central Statistical Office involved in consultations for SPA II is responsible for monitoring the formulation and action is being taken to implementation of SPA II. It reports to an strengthen their participation in inter-ministerial High Level Economic implementation. An umbrella NGO ­ Committee, a cabinet sub-committee, TANGO ­ cooperated with the which approved SPA II and is now Government in organizing workshops and responsible for supervising SPA II M&E. focus groups. Approximately 900 Stakeholder participation in SPA II representatives of religious leaders, formulation built on participatory CBOs, women's and youth associations mechanisms utilized during SPA I were consulted through focus groups. formulation. The National Task Force CSOs successfully lobbied for a wider supporting SPACO prepared a draft SPA consultation process based on the II based on an assessment of SPA I assessment of SPA I. NGOs participate in implementation, conducted through the National Task Force. CSOs will workshops with local governments and participate in the Stakeholder Monitoring stakeholder representatives. The draft Group. There is also a NGO, the Pro-Poor SPA II was discussed in workshops and Advocacy Group, which will cooperate focus groups held in all six divisions with the Stakeholder Monitoring Group in involving local government structures, monitoring SPA II implementation. such as district development committees. Continuous private sector Proposals that emerged from the involvement has not yet materialized. workshops were prioritized by "users Farmers and businessmen participated in groups", comprised of government, Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 105 The Gambia workshops and focus groups. The functioning. The SPA II was presented to Chamber of Commerce participates in the external partners at a RT Conference National Task Force. chaired by UNDP in Geneva in September Parliamentary involvement is not yet 2002. The next RT Conference is underpinning strategy development and tentatively scheduled for the second implementation. Parliamentarians quarter of 2006. participated in a seminar on the role of External partners are aligning Parliament in SPA II preparation. The external assistance with country National Assembly held a working session objectives. The five major development on the SPA II final draft. Parliamentarians partners are the World Bank, the AfDB, will participate in the Stakeholder Japan, the EU, and Arab development Monitoring Group. The National agencies, accounting for approximately 80 Assembly approves the budget and in percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. DFID 2005 it engaged in an active dialogue with and UNDP also play an active role. ODA the executive during budget formulation. accounted for 14.5 percent of GNI in The National Assembly is not 2003.63 The World Bank's Country constitutionally mandated to approve Assistance Strategy FY03-05 focuses on socio-economic development plans. improving public expenditure Capacity for planning and management, enhancing the equity and implementation is hampered by high turn quality of service delivery, and promoting over in central and line ministries, leading private sector-led growth in line with to many unfulfilled positions. SPACO, for some of the objectives identified in SPA example, had to hire an external II. The EC Country Support Strategy consultant to prepare the draft SPA II. 2002-07 is aligned with SPA II priorities. DFID conducted a comprehensive review Country-led partnership of its program in 2002 to align it with The Government has not yet established SPA II objectives. The UN Development an overall framework for external Assistance Framework 2002-06 is partners' coordination, and different consistent with SPA II and Vision 2020. government agencies deal with different Partnerships in external financial and development assistance agencies. For analytical support are at an early stage. example, the Office of the President External partners are conducting joint coordinates projects and programs funded analytical work in partnership with the by UNDP. The Department of State for Government. In 2003 AfDB, DFID, the Finance and Economic Affairs EC and the World Bank prepared a CFAA coordinates assistance from multilateral in consultation with the Government. In development agencies. Bilateral 2004 DFID, the World Bank, and UNDP development agencies deal directly with prepared with the Government a PER sector ministries as well as with the focusing on the general budget, public Department of State for Finance and expenditure management and governance, Economic Affairs, which plans to education, and health. In 2005 the World establish a unit responsible for external Bank, DFID and other external partners assistance coordination. External partners will conduct a PER follow-up in established thematic working groups involving government representatives. 63 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at However, the working groups are not yet http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/38/1881058.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 106 The Gambia partnership with the Government. The Department collected data for a household SPA II envisages a series of SWAps in survey and a census, which are being health and education. The Gambia joined processed and analyzed. In 2005 it the Education for All Fast Track Initiative, conducted a multiple indicator cluster and the Government has completed an survey with the support of UNICEF. education strategy. However, the There is no single system for tracking preparation of a SWAp in education is revenue and spending. The Government is still ongoing. Little action has been taken tackling this issue and introducing an to move toward joint budget support. Integrated Financial Management Elements exist to start aligning and Information System that should collapse coordinating capacity development around all existing systems into a single data government objectives. The SPA II does management framework. However, not include a strategic framework for progress has been slow. capacity building. The Government is Some efforts are being made to addressing this issue in cooperation with strengthen stakeholder access to external partners for specific sectors. The information on government policies. Few CFAA identifies priority areas for government departments have internet capacity building in public expenditure websites and the SPA II is not available management. The World Bank is planning on a government-run website. A media to strengthen planning and monitoring campaign was conducted during SPA II capacity of the Department of Health and formulation, and SPA II summaries were the Department of Education through a translated into local languages. Use of Health Sector Support Project and an local media to inform on SPA II Education Project, toward the implementation is sporadic. establishment of SWAps in these sectors. Elements exist to move toward a There is not yet a move toward the use of country-level M&E system. SPA II M&E country systems. will build on the National Poverty Some external partners have Monitoring System developed in 1997, established a presence in the country. and aims at integrating poverty-related DFID assistance is coordinated by an data into a web-based database. The office in Banjul. In 2000 the World Bank Department of State for Finance and relocated the Country Director to the Economic Affairs and the Central region. In 2002 it established a liaison Statistical Office are preparing a common office in Banjul. The EC also has a liaison matrix to monitor SPA II objectives and office in Banjul. the MDGs. They are also consulting with national stakeholders to prepare joint Results focus performance assessments of progress in Some work is being done to improve the implementation. However, the system is quality and availability of poverty-related still at an early stage of development and data. In 2003 the Central Statistics not yet fully funded. GEORGIA Long-term holistic vision Georgia ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The Government of Georgia - which came Long-Term Holistic Vision to power in January 2004 as a result of the Rose Revolution - immediately focused on restoring fiscal discipline, tackling corruption, and paying arrears in pensions Country- Country led and salaries. The Government's longer- Ownership Partnership term vision had its beginnings in the Government's Report to the June 2004 Brussels Donors' Conference - and Results Focus focuses on building prosperity through Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments accelerated economic growth and job for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all creation, reducing poverty and protecting criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would the vulnerable. The vision took greater therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. form in days prior to the Prime Minister's death in February 2005. The new Prime Minister in his confirmation speech before consider the EDPRP as the primary policy the Parliament on February 17 further framework guiding policymakers. The articulated the vision. The focus in the prospect of EU membership - which is coming two years will be on resolving the considered more likely by the Government's energy crisis, rehabilitating Government after the June 2004 inclusion infrastructure, completing privatization, of Georgia into the European introducing a poverty benefit, and Neighborhood Policy - encourages investing in education and health, all sustainable and long-term democratic against the backdrop of a continuing fight reforms. The Government has plans to to improve governance and reduce update the EDPRP on a periodic basis to corruption. reflect its vision and current developments in the country, and it intends to prepare a The vision is consistent with the three-year action plan envisaged by the Economic Development and Poverty EDPRP. While drafting a first EDPRP Reduction Program (EDPRP)64 which is Progress Report - which reviews progress the PRS prepared by the previous in the first year, but is also a forward Government prior to the Rose Revolution, looking document that outlines the with a twelve-year horizon through 2015. Government's areas of emphasis within The new Government recognizes the the framework of the EDPRP with importance and validity of the policies and programs covering the period work by the previous Government 2005-07 - the Government started on the EDPRP but it does not yet working on an updated program matrix to reflect its vision. It also has plans to develop sectoral strategies in full conformity with the sectoral priorities outlined in the EDPRP. 64The EDPRP was completed in June 2003. A first Progress Report was completed in January 2005. A second Progress Report is expected mid-2005. 107 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 108 Georgia The new Government has clearly with a phased introduction of a MTEF, endorsed the MDGs that were featured in with a view to ensure a closer linkage the EDPRP with adaptations for national between expenditure planning and priorities and local conditions in Government priorities. The Ministry of respective areas. The EDPRP focuses on Finance has developed key principles and achieving progress in six priority areas: 1) mechanisms for medium-term expenditure governance; 2) macroeconomic policies; planning. It has prepared an MTEF for the 3) the business environment; 4) human period 2006-08 that is expected to be capital; 5) vulnerability of the poor; and 6) adopted by the Cabinet. the natural environment. The EDPRP also addresses gender issues and stresses the Country ownership importance of tackling the needs of post- In July 2001 the Government created a conflict zones, science and information Commission chaired by the President, and technology. The new Government's five thematic Sub-Commissions - emerging priorities are fully consistent comprised of relevant ministries and with the EDPRP and its priority areas, experts - to prepare the EDPRP and though the Government recognizes that organize a participatory process. Their the emphasis on individual initiatives activities were coordinated by a within those priorities will likely shift as it Secretariat to the Governmental reviews progress and adjusts the reform Commission. While the Commission program accordingly. actively oversaw the work of the Sub- The EDPRP does not have a Commissions, and encouraged a commanding influence on the participatory approach, key sectoral establishment of the national budget. The ministries played a limited role in EDPRP Budget System Law - adopted in 2003 and development, and the Ministry of Finance effective since January 2004 - introduced only became involved in the process at a a more detailed budget schedule and later stage. clearly outlined the competencies of A Communication and Participation budget organizations and the Ministry of Plan, developed with the support of Finance in developing draft budgets. The external partners, led to several structure of the 2004 state budget was consultations in 2002. A Joint Editorial developed in a way to accommodate Board composed of Sub-Commission social protection measures to the members held consultations at the national maximum, including priorities outlined in and regional levels through technical the EDPRP. Defense, public order and workshops, public hearings, and state security expenditures increased and roundtables. The previous Government some social protection measures failed to sought to institutionalize the participatory receive funding. As in 2004, the budget process during EDPRP implementation law for FY05 assigns substantial funds for through consultative mechanisms similar financing social protection measures, and to those used in formulation. The current also concentrates heavily on financing Government has established an EDPRP national defense measures. The Coordination and Monitoring Bureau Government is committed to preparing within the Ministry of Economy, and has annual medium-term Indicative Plans assigned a deputy Minister to handle which contain three-year macroeconomic monitoring and coordination of EDPRP and fiscal projections, and it is proceeding implementation. The EDPRP Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 109 Georgia Coordination and Monitoring Bureau is implementation through its approval of also in charge of ensuring civil society the budget. participation in M&E and updating the Central ministries have moderate EDPRP. One of the key priorities capacity for planning and implementation. identified by the current Government in Prior to the Rose Revolution, the 2004 is fostering an increase in public Government adopted a program for the participation in decision making Reform for Reorganization of the Central processes. Consultations were held in Executive Government and the Public December 2004 to prepare the Progress Sector as one of the main anti-corruption Report. directives. To strengthen capacity to Civil society participation in policy implement this reform program, the new formulation and implementation has been Government undertook an initial round of active. During preparation of the EDPRP, restructuring of each sectoral ministry two coalitions of NGOs organized several aimed at rooting out corruption, debates and workshops aimed at eliminating and streamlining overlapping discussing EDPRP development. NGOs structures, and improving capacity. The were represented in the five Sub- Government intends to supplement these Commissions, and participated in the initial reforms with a comprehensive civil technical workshops organized by the service reform aimed at developing an Joint Editorial Board, together with trade efficient and professional civil service. union representatives and academics. In the process, the Government created a Country-led partnership database of 750 NGOs to allow for After the Rose Revolution, the continuous consultations with civil society Government made an effort to take more during the implementation of the EDPRP. of a lead in donor coordination. For More recently, consultations with civil instance, the Government chaired its first society organizations have been built into external partner meeting in March 2004 - the preparation process for the Progress less then three months after coming to Report. power - to outline its priorities within the The private sector was also involved context of the EDPRP. This meeting led in the formulation of the EDPRP, as to a decision to hold a follow-on CG business associations - mostly employer meeting in Brussels in June 2004, under organizations - participated in the the co-chairmanship of the World Bank workshops organized by the Government. and the EC. Georgia's inclusion in the EU Business associations, such as the Neighborhood Policy and the MCC is an Alliance for Business Environment important aspect of the new Government's Development, are also being consulted for engagement with development partners. the preparation of the Progress Report. Since the Brussels meeting, the Government has held two follow-up The Parliament was involved in the meetings with external partners on the formulation of the EDPRP, as some of its introduction of the MTEF and on members were represented in the sub- financing needs for restructuring the commissions. The Parliament - which is Ministry of Finance. A third meeting not required by the Constitution to chaired by the Prime Minister focused on approve a national development plan - is progress in the Government's fight against playing a significant role in corruption. The World Bank, together Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 110 Georgia with UNDP, coordinates the activities of There is no comprehensive capacity- the Donor Framework Group, which building program supported by external includes the IMF, the EU, the USA, the partners. However, one of the main UK, Japan, the Netherlands, and objectives of the Donor Framework Group Germany, and aims at providing uniform is that of strengthening the Government's development assistance to the capacity and an initiative is now Government. underway to establish an external partner External partners are working with working group on governance issues. the Government to align their Harmonization with country systems development assistance strategies with the and procedures is still in its infancy. The priorities expressed by the Government. Government is beginning to harmonize its The five major external partners are the legislation with that of the EU. USA, the World Bank, Germany, the EU, Some development assistance and Japan, accounting for approximately agencies are increasing their presence in 85.5 percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. the country to be more involved in daily The IMF is also active. ODA accounted for 5.7 percent of GNI in 2003.65 The decision-making. The World Bank Country Director is stationed in World Bank and the Government are Washington, with a Country Manager currently developing a FY06-09 Country based in Tbilisi. USAID has a regional Assistance Strategy which will support office in Tbilisi and GTZ and KfW have implementation of the Government's opened regional offices in the capital, as priority programs and reforms with well. continued development policy assistance and investment lending. Germany's Results focus development assistance strategy also covers a good part of the Government's Data quality and availability are limited, policy priorities, including although some progress has been made in democratization and civil society, market improving statistics. The State economy reforms, and the improvement Department of Statistics prepares of energy supply. Georgia has been a quarterly household surveys within the MCA eligible country since FY04 and the framework of the Living Standards Government is developing a proposal for Measurement Survey. However, its funding which is consistent with its capacity still needs to be strengthened. evolving strategy. The most critical areas where additional staff and financial resources are needed Steps have been taken to build are national accounts and balance of partnerships through financial and payments statistics. There is no integrated analytical instruments. A PER and a financial management system. CPAR were undertaken in 2002 and a CFAA was completed in February 2003 in The public is largely aware of the close consultation with the former EDPRP, due to substantial media Government. The PER is being followed coverage of the process, stakeholder by a series of annual programmatic PERs, meetings, and Government publications. the first of which is under preparation. The EDPRP communication strategy envisages dissemination of information publicly on results. Publication of fiscal 65 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/39/1881067.gif data is a legal requirement. The EDPRP is Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 111 Georgia in Georgian and English, but it is not accessible for users. The DevInfo available on a Government's website. database program - originally designed to Action has been taken toward monitor progress towards the MDGs - was developing a country-level M&E system. chosen to be used for the assessment of The EDPRP provides a comprehensive set progress against both EDPRP and MDG of targets and outcome indicators on programs. Several adjustments and progress in implementation, which are revisions have been introduced and the explicitly linked to the MDGs. In 2003 process of combining MDG and EDPRP work was launched to pull this set of indicators is almost complete. indicators into a single system and make it GHANA Long-term holistic vision Ghana ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action has been taken toward developing a long-term vision widely agreed within Long-Term Holistic Vision the country. There is a constitutionally- mandated Coordinated Program for Economic and Social Development Country- through 2012, approved by the Kufuor Country led Ownership Government in December 2002 after Partnership consultations with stakeholders. Following elections in December 2004, where President Kufuor won a second Results Focus term, the Government is preparing a new Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments Consolidated Program for Economic and for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Social Development, as required by the therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Constitution, building on the one that axis. approved in 2002. Vision 2020, completed by the Rawlings Government in 1995, was National Medium Term Private Sector officially rejected as a long-term Development Strategy (PSDS), (ii) a development framework. The Financial Sector Strategic Plan (FINSSP); Government has also identified NEPAD (iii) a Power Sector Reform Strategy as an overall policy framework for long- (PSRS); and (iv) a Food and Agriculture term development and is conducting Sector Development Policy (FASDEP). In consultations with national stakeholders addition, the Cabinet approved a National on NEPAD implementation. Trade Policy Framework. For the human The medium-term strategy builds on development pillar, there is an education the long-term vision and sector strategies sector strategy, and water and social underpin its implementation and revision. protection strategies have been proposed. An Agenda for Growth and Prosperity - For the governance and public sector Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy management pillar, there is a National (GPRS) 2003-05, Ghana's PRS,66 is the Decentralization Action plan, and a Public medium-term development strategy linked Sector Reform Strategy. The Government to the Coordinated Program for Economic is revising the GPRS to take into account and Social Development. In 2003 and progress in each sector and tackle open 2004 the Government prepared sector challenges. The Government plans to strategies underpinning GPRS integrate the revised GPRS into the new implementation, organized around three Consolidated Program for Economic and pillars coherent with GPRS objectives. For the Social Development under preparation. growth and employment pillar, there are (i) a GPRS implementation is geared toward the achievement of the MDGs. Ghana is a UN Millennium Project pilot country and the Government is identifying 66The Government of President Kufuor completed specific areas for scaling-up such as child the GPRS in February 2003 and a Progress Report malnutrition and maternal health, through in March 2004. 112 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 113 Ghana the preparation of a needs assessment that water, to address problems with infant and will feed into the revised GPRS. under-5 mortality rates. This process The GPRS addresses productive and began as early as May 2004 when the social sectors, and preliminarily identifies 2005 Budget Preparation Committee had priority areas and cross-cutting issues. It its first meeting. A series of meetings has the overall goal of reducing poverty ensued culminating in Government through actions in five thematic areas: workshops involving budget officers from economic growth and private sector the MoFEP. The upcoming budget development, good governance, human hearing will be used to further ensure that development, agricultural modernization, the Progress Report has fully informed the and special programs for the vulnerable budget estimates from each ministry and and the excluded. It focuses on health, government agency. The revised GPRS education, agriculture, and infrastructure will underpin preparation of the FY05 as priority areas for pro-poor growth. budget. Cross-cutting issues underpin the Ghana Progress has been made toward development process. The Government is strengthening public financial taking initiatives aimed at reducing management. The budget statement gender-related gaps in education and discusses the main assumptions health. There are scholarships to enable underlying the budget and provides an girls to complete primary education, and overview of the implementation of fiscal fee exemptions for maternal deliveries. policies for the previous year and the Also, there is a Women's Development objectives for the current year. It includes Fund, which supports employment for an outline of GPRS targets. The MTEF women. The Government is also mirrors the budget with overall and implementing a HIV/AIDS Strategic sectoral allocations. However, the Framework. There is concern that limited coverage of external funds in the annual attention is paid to environmental issues. estimates is not yet complete, and annual A MTEF is in place and action is estimates are not yet fully translated into being taken to strengthen its link to the appropriations, expenditure authorization strategy. The Ministry of Finance and and cash releases. Internal and external Economic Planning (MoFEP) prepared a audits are not yet conducted regularly, MTEF through 2008, improving the link resulting in insufficient oversight and a between the GPRS and the budget. The major backlog of audit reports. 2002 and 2003 budgets increasingly Country ownership focused on GPRS priorities. The Government further improved the link The locus of initiative for the thematic between GPRS priorities and spending areas of the GPRS comes from the allocations in the 2004 budget by drawing National Development Planning on GPRS M&E structures. Key Commission (NDPC) ­ a small recommendations from the 2003 GPRS government unit that is constitutionally Progress Report with budgetary independent and responds directly to the implications have been highlighted and President. NDPC was responsible for distributed to the ministries and GPRS formulation under President government agencies. Examples include Rawlings and remained the coordinating increasing spending on child nutrition unit when the Government of President programs and improving access to safe Kufuor came into power in 2001. The Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 114 Ghana Government of President Kufuor Ghana Statistical Service, regional maintained the same five thematic areas Government representatives, CSOs and a identified by NDPC, but its political representative of the Regional House of platform influenced some of the priorities Chiefs. There is also a National Economic within these areas and strengthened the Dialogue, a government-stakeholder GPRS focus on agricultural development. forum established in May 2001 to discuss NDPC coordinates GPRS economic issues, comprised of around 200 implementation. There are four Intra- representatives from Government, NGOs, Agency Poverty Monitoring Groups, Parliament, the private sector, think tanks, established in 2003, chaired by sector and academia. The National Economic ministries and composed of government Dialogue discusses GPRS implementation officials and external partner at times, but does not convene regularly representatives. The Intra-Agency Poverty throughout the year. Monitoring Groups discussed and Civil society organizations have been validated the data presented in the GPRS involved in GPRS formulation and Progress Report. In 2003 the Government implementation. Umbrella organizations also established a Ministry for Regional such as the Ghana Association of Private Cooperation and NEPAD, which is now Voluntary Organizations in Development responsible for coordinating the NEPAD (GAPVOD) and CIVISOC sought to African Peer Review Mechanism. integrate the views of grass-roots NGOs However, cooperation between NDPC and and communicate them to the the new Ministry for Regional Government. Labor unions were Cooperation on development planning has represented by the Trade Union Congress, not yet materialized. Coordination which attended a consultation workshop between NDPC and the MoFEP as well as with civil society in September 2001. involvement of sector ministries in GPRS Representatives from think tanks and implementation needs further academia participated in the Core Teams, strengthening. and provided advice to NDPC throughout There is a sustainable structure for GPRS formulation. NGOs based in the continuing government-stakeholder capital with a history of working with the dialogue. Under NDPC leadership, five government, think-tanks and academics Core Teams, created for GPRS participate in the Core Teams and the formulation, oversee GPRS National Economic Dialogue. NGOs implementation. The Core Teams are co- outside the Core Teams and CSOs outside chaired by a government official and a the capital are not yet fully involved in representative from a lead development GPRS implementation. GAPVOD is assistance agency and include officials participating in the preparation of the from government institutions as well as government proposal for MCA assistance. stakeholder representatives. NDPC Private sector participation has not involves CSOs in the Intra-Agency yet solidified. Umbrella business Poverty Monitoring Groups, and organizations participated in the empowers the Regional Planning consultations for GPRS formulation at a Coordinating Units as Regional Poverty meeting organized by the NDPC Core Monitoring Groups. In this new function, Teams in May 2001. Private sector the Regional Planning Coordinating Units representatives participate in the National would include the Regional Heads of the Economic Dialogue, but were only Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 115 Ghana marginally involved in the preparation of strengthening and action is being taken the Progress Report. The Government has toward this end. The MoFEP has established a Ministry of Private Sector insufficient personnel to coordinate the Development to interface with the private work of all ministries in charge of sector and reform legislation to foster undertaking specific programs and private sector development. There is also projects, faces financial constraints, and a Ghana Investors' Advisory Council to has not yet developed sufficient capacity promote improvements of the business to efficiently coordinate the allocation of climate. Two business associations - the funds and track progress. Parliament's Private Enterprise Foundation and the impact on poverty-related expenditures Federation of Associations of Ghanaian and budget discussion has been Exporters - are participating in the strengthened through capacity preparation of the government proposal development in the Finance and Public for MCA assistance. Accounts Committee. Parliamentary involvement is Country-led partnership substantially in place. In 2002 Parliament formed a GPRS special committee, and The Government takes overall leadership several workshops were held to discuss in coordinating development assistance. the GPRS. The committee presented a The MoFEP takes the lead in coordination report with comments on the draft GPRS, and a multi-donor budget support but did not bring about any substantial initiative has significantly strengthened its change in the final document. Parliament role. The Government and the World approved the Coordinated Program for Bank co-chair quarterly mini-CG Economic and Social Development in meetings. There are 18 Sectoral Partner December 2002, in line with the Groups comprised of sector ministries and constitutional requirement that "within external partners acting as focal points. two years after assuming office, the Some of the Partner Groups are well President shall present to Parliament a established (agriculture, health, coordinated program of economic and HIV/AIDS, education, roads, water) while social development policies", and the others are more informal and ad hoc in GPRS in early 2003. There is a special character (public financial management, committee on poverty reduction public sector reform, vulnerability). Most assembling parliamentarians from of these informal groups are now in the different standing committees to report to process of being formalized. Over half of the plenary on the focus, content and them (agriculture, decentralization, adequacy of the GPRS. The Executive is education, governance, health, HIV/AIDS. constitutionally required to present the private sector development, roads, water) budget statement to Parliament no later are chaired by government institutions. In than end-November to allow sufficient health, HIV/AIDS, education and roads time for discussion. However, only the government takes a clear leadership revenue and expenditure estimates are role, but less so in the others, which typically submitted on time and the convene more sporadically. External budget statement is usually presented to partners have no defined process for Parliament after the start of the fiscal year. rotating leads. Membership is generally open to interested external partners. Since Skills and resources for planning 1999, when Ghana started piloting the across government institutions need Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 116 Ghana CDF, CG meetings are held in the AfDB, DFID, ILO, OECD and the World country. The last CG was co-chaired by Bank jointly prepared a CPAR. CIDA, the Government and the World Bank and DFID and the World Bank completed an was organized in Accra in April 2002. update of the CFAA. In 2003 a The last mini-CG was held in Accra in Memorandum of Understanding for multi- March 2005. The next CG is scheduled donor budget support was signed between for the last quarter of 2005 to discuss the the Government and fourteen bilateral and GPRS update. multilateral external partners, providing Under the Government's leadership, for alignment of budget support around a external partners' strategies are aligned common policy matrix with detailed with the GPRS. The five major external expenditure priorities for the period 2003- partners are the World Bank, the UK, the 05, which are consistent with GPRS Netherlands, the USA and the IMF, priorities. The Netherlands channels accounting for approximately 69 percent approximately 70 percent of its of gross ODA in 2002-03. The AfDB also development assistance through sectoral plays an active role. ODA accounted for and general budget support. DFID 12.1 percent of GNI in 2003.67 The World disburses approximately 50 percent of its Bank's Country Assistance Strategy development assistance through budget FY04-07 is based on the GPRS. DFID's support and approximately 25 percent Country Assistance Plan for 2003-06 through SWAps. In 2004 the World Bank supports objectives in line with the GPRS. launched a second PRSC and now The Netherlands' draft Multiannual provides approximately 50 percent of its Strategic Plan 2005-08 broadly supports lending through budget support. There are the GPRS objectives. USAID's Country well-established SWAps in health, Assistance Plan for 2004-10 explicitly education, roads, and agriculture. supports the poverty-reduction objectives A coherent capacity building strategy identified by the Government in line with is not yet in place, but action is being the GPRS. In 2004, Ghana was selected as taken around government sector one of the countries eligible for support strategies. The GPRS identifies capacity through the MCA. The Government constraints and bottlenecks but falls short proposal identifies projects for funding in of proposing a comprehensive capacity four principal areas: water and sanitation; building strategy. Capacity building is education; governance (public policy being provided by external partners in development and implementation); and specific sectors in line with government private sector development. The latter is sectoral policies, for example in health, the broadest area of all, with proposals education and public financial ranging from rural enterprise development management. programs, to technology parks and Harmonization with country systems venture funds, in line with the GPRS. is taking place through budget support and AfDB's country assistance strategy is SWAps, which are helping the aligned with the GPRS. Government enhance its fiduciary Partnerships in external financial and systems. For example, there is a common analytical support are strong. In 2002, reporting format for financial management and auditing guiding 67 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at assistance to the health sector, with full http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/40/1881076.gif use of the Government's procurement Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 117 Ghana system which has been strengthened regularly. A simplified version of the through the enactment of a revised GPRS was circulated in local languages. procurement law in December 2003. The There has been broad dissemination of the MoFEP established a committee to Progress Report by NDPC, to spearhead implementation of these parliamentarians and ministries and procurement rules. In 2003 the government agencies, and extended in the Government also adopted a Competitive second half of 2004 to regional planning Bidding Law for concessions in the timber and information officers. Also, in a joint sector to improve transparency. effort by NDPC and the Ministry of A number of development assistance Information, there was broad agencies have taken steps to increase their dissemination of the Progress Report to presence in the country to better rural communities, with the outreach participate in daily decision making. The including radio broadcasts and World Bank Country Director is based in Government vans with displays and video Accra. DFID and the Netherlands have presentations. The Government has decentralized their decision-making developed a Development processes and established a stronger Communication Enhancement Program presence in the country. DFID has aimed at informing citizens on progress in organized the internal structure of the achieving development goals and Accra office around the GPRS pillars and exposing possible failures in service its Country Assistance Plan. delivery, and posts draft bills and policy proposals on its website for consultation Results focus with stakeholders. The Government is also preparing a public information The quality and availability of poverty- campaign on NEPAD. The final draft of related data is improving. In 2003 the the GPRS is posted on the website of the Ghana Statistical Service conducted a MoFEP together with the documents CWIQ Monitoring Survey and a presented at the 2002 CG meeting and the Demographic and Health Survey. A 2002 budget statement.68 However, census was held in 2000. The Government neither the Coordinated Program for prepares regular reports on poverty- Economic and Social Development nor related expenditures. However, ministries the Progress Report is posted on the and government agencies use different website. data collection systems, which create inconsistencies and time lags. Reporting Development of a country-level M&E on achievements on different sets of system is in its early stages. During GPRS indicators for a number of strategies and formulation Government and stakeholders programs ­ GPRS, multi-donor budget identified 52 indicators to monitor support, MDGs ­ is straining the already progress. GPRS revision is expected to weak information management system. narrow down the number of indicators. The accounting system does not yet report There are different M&E systems in line on activities, outputs and objectives, thus ministries which are being developed with reducing the scope for monitoring coordinated support from external performance against budget targets. partners. Ghana also participates in the African Peer Review Mechanism to Information on Government policies is easily accessible and disseminated 68http://www.finance.gov.gh/ Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 118 Ghana ensure that polices and practices conform Corporate Governance. A Review Team to the principles of the Declaration on visited the country in 2004. Democracy, Political, Economic and GUINEA Long-term holistic vision Guinea ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Guinea has a well-developed long-term Long-Term Holistic Vision vision linked to a medium-term strategy and to coherent long-term development goals. This vision - known as "Guinea Vision 2010" - was elaborated in 1996. It Country- Country led is based on the principles of justice, Ownership Partnership accountability, solidarity and participation, and it focuses on improving the living conditions of the population through a National Human Development Results Focus Program (PNDH) created by the Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all Government to make the vision criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would operational. The vision also contains a therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. medium-term development strategy covering the period 1998-2000, which was used as a basis for the 2001-03 plan The Government is taking steps to laid out in the IPRSP, and for the 2002-05 link the SRP to the budget. Following a strategy elaborated in the Stratégie de PER conducted in 1996, it espoused a Réduction de la Pauvreté (SRP), Guinea's systematic program budgeting and PRS.69 The Government is in the process evaluation approach, through the adoption of updating the medium-term strategy laid of a MTEF - known as Computer-Based out in the SRP. Management System (CBMS) or chaîne de dépenses - which improved the budget SRP targets are largely in line with management system. The CBMS is linked the MDGs, though considerable extra to the poverty reduction targets laid out in efforts are required to reach them, the SRP - through budget lines identifying particularly in education and infant and the allocation of HIPC resources - and has maternal mortality. The SRP strategic helped to focus the budget on priority framework rests on three main pillars: 1) expenditures identified in the SRP. sustaining faster economic growth and However, adherence to the MTEF is creating employment opportunities, hindered by weaknesses in the budget, particularly for the rural poor; 2) such as weak tax revenue projections and improving and extending access to basic the only partial capture of externally services and infrastructure; and 3) financed project information. Extra- improving governance and strengthening budgetary expenditures in 2003 also institutional and human capacity. Some undermined the MTEF's effectiveness. cross-sectoral issues, such as gender Although strict compliance with the equity, are also addressed in the SRP. MTEF is not yet a reality, the implementation of the March 2004 economic recovery measures shows positive signs. 69The SRP was completed in January 2002. A Progress Report was finalized in April 2004, and a second one is expected mid-2005. 119 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 120 Guinea Country ownership undertook an intensive consultative A strong role in the preparation of the process for the formulation of the SRP. SRP has been played by country leaders However, more effort is needed to deepen across the executive. The Government the consultative process during SRP established a steering group - led by the implementation, to improve the reporting Ministry of Economy and Finance - of results and to increase community-level comprised of priority sector ministers and participation. In March 2000, the representatives of external partners to Government organized grassroots oversee preparation, as well as a SRP consultations in Conakry and in all the Permanent Secretariat within the Ministry regions to obtain a better understanding of of Economy and Finance to carry out the poverty perceptions at the community technical work. It also set up an inter- level. In May/June and November 2001 ministerial committee responsible for the the Government organized two national SRP. The Government established nine workshops to discuss SRP drafts, and it thematic groups, comprised of also held several seminars with specific Government and stakeholders, within the stakeholder groups to gather feedback on SRP Secretariat. preliminary drafts of the SRP. In January 2002, the Government finalized the SRP In November 2004 the institutional and in May 2002 it held a third national structure for coordinating SRP workshop to launch the implementation implementation was redesigned. The SRP stage. It organized one more workshop in Secretariat's nine thematic groups have August/September 2002 to adapt SRP been reduced to four - macro-economy national objectives to specific regional and sub-regional integration, social priorities, which were finalized in sectors, governance and reinforcement of September/October 2003. To strengthen institutional and human capacity, and and institutionalize participation, the monitoring and evaluation. In the new set- Government created development up, fourteen sub-thematic groups - known councils in four prefectures (Coyah, as working groups or commissions - help Mamou, Macenta, and Kérouané), reflect a broader picture. While these comprised of stakeholders and charged thematic groups were all active in SRP with debating the prefecture's programs formulation, two groups remain and budgets. The Government has plans to particularly active to date. One is the extend these councils to all the prefectures communication and culture thematic in the country. group created in February 2001 - included as a working group in the social sectors Civil society participation on shaping thematic group in November 2004. It had SRP content is largely developed. CSOs - supported the SRP process at the regional including NGOs, universities, trade level in 2003, by formulating and unions, members of the press, student and implementing a communication strategy professional associations - were deeply adapted to the local context. The other one involved in the formulation of the SRP. is the M&E thematic group created in NGOs and members of the press are October 2002, now the fourth thematic represented in the SRP Secretariat, in the group within the redesigned structure. thematic groups, and they participated in each of the national workshops organized Building on a well-established by the Government, having a significant participatory tradition, the Government impact on the SRP content. Their role is Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 121 Guinea being enhanced with the establishment of Finance for multilateral assistance and the the development councils in each Ministry of Cooperation for bilateral prefecture. assistance. It chairs ad hoc meetings with The Government has taken action to external partners, but its plans to convene involve the private sector in dialogue a RT on the SRP to strengthen external when developing SRP content. Some of partner coordination have been postponed its representatives - including professional due to weak macro-economic arts and crafts associations - took part in performance and the consequent the various workshops and consultations postponement of the HIPC completion held to gather feedback on preliminary point. The World Bank chaired the last drafts of the SRP, under the supervision of CG meeting held in Paris in June 1998. the Economic and Social Council. The External partners have formed several Economic and Social Council - a thematic and discussion groups to constitutionally-mandated mechanism facilitate dialogue and informal including the private sector and NGOs - is coordination. fully involved in the dialogue with the External partners are aligning their Government, particularly on governance development assistance strategies with the and corruption issues. SRP. The five major external partners are The National Assembly is in the SRP the EU, the USA, the World Bank, process, through individual France, and Japan, accounting for parliamentarians' participation in the approximately 76 percent of gross ODA thematic groups. The Government in 2002-03. UNHCR is also active. ODA submitted the finalized SRP to the accounted for 6.7 percent of GNI in National Assembly which approved it. 2003.70 The FY04-06 World Bank According to the Constitution, the Country Assistance Strategy builds on the National Assembly is required to approve objectives laid out in the SRP. The EC the budget, and to legislate on economic 2002-07 Country Strategy Paper does not and social action plans. directly mention the SRP but its support, principally in the rural sector and in road Planning and implementation infrastructure, is in line with the SRP capacity constraints are mostly related to objectives. The UN Development financial shortcomings. The Assistance Framework 2002-10 contains decentralization process initiated by the two main pillars - poverty reduction and Government is likely to make capacity good governance - built entirely on the constraints at the local government level SRP goals. France is also aligning its more pronounced. Despite the overall low development assistance strategy with SRP level of revenues, the Government has objectives. been channeling an increasing share of the tax proceeds to local authorities in support There are some elements of joint of the decentralization of government and analytical work undertaken by external basic services since 2001. partners. In 2002, the AfDB and the World Bank jointly prepared a CPAR to Country-led partnership measure the impact of reforms and evaluate the revised Public Procurement The Government has taken some action to lead development assistance coordination, 70 principally through the Ministry of See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/43/1881303.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 122 Guinea Code adopted in June 2003. In June 2004, Survey to Evaluate Poverty (EIBEP), and the Government, the World Bank, the a Survey based on the CWIQ. The EIBEP AfDB, the IMF, and the EC completed a is being finalized with the support of the PER/CFAA. The World Bank is World Bank, and Germany is supporting considering moving towards support the finalization of a poverty map. The through PRSCs, provided the prior Government is also working on a poverty achievement of adequate public database to supplement the IMF General expenditure and fiduciary arrangements. Data Dissemination System with the The Government has taken some support of AFRISTAT, and is conducting initial measures to develop a public expenditure tracking surveys. The comprehensive approach to capacity database will be linked to the websites of building and good governance with the National Statistics Directorate and the support of the African Capacity Building Standing Secretariat for Poverty Foundation. In 2000 it set up a National Reduction. Work is also in progress to Secretariat for Capacity-Building establish an Integrated Statistical (SENAREC) responsible for coordinating Information System for Poverty capacity-building initiatives. However, Reduction (SISRP). external partner coordination to provide The public is largely aware of SRP support to this capacity building approach content due to comprehensive media has been undermined by pending coverage in local languages - through governance and corruption issues. GTZ newspapers, TV, and the radio - as well as organized five capacity-building seminars the communication strategy formulated by during the period 2003-04 to train 65 the SRP Secretariat communication and Guinean experts - from both public sector culture thematic group. The SRP was and civil society - on participatory circulated all over the country and all programs and project evaluation, with participatory workshops were videotaped. emphasis on poverty reduction policy. In 2003 the Government created a specific Harmonization with country systems web page to make SRP information and is still in its infancy, but a dialogue has its background documentation available been instituted. on the internet.71 A number of development assistance The Government has taken steps to agencies are increasing their presence in create a country-level M&E system. The the country to better take part in daily SRP sets out several key indicators for decision-making. The World Bank monitoring the effectiveness of the Country Director is stationed in Cote poverty reduction strategy. Based on these d'Ivoire, with a Country Manager based in indicators and on the MDGs, the SRP Guinea. Most of the UN agencies and the Secretariat thematic group on M&E EC have offices in the country. elaborated 62 more indicators to monitor the DSRP and 61 supplemental indicators Results focus to analyze and explain developments in poverty. These indicators have been The quality of data is improving. The reduced to 56 and comprehensive meta- National Statistics Directorate is information has been compiled. The SRP undertaking quantitative and qualitative Secretariat is also involved in the surveys on socio-economic indicators - including the Basic Comprehensive 71http://www.srp-guinee.org/ Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 123 Guinea preparation of a poverty profile, based on evaluating the first phase of the SRP. The the 2003 EIBEP. The capacity-building evaluation results will serve as orientation seminars conducted by GTZ resulted in for updating the SRP. Once established, the creation of an independent the SISRP will become the foundation of professional team of evaluators, the the M&E system, incorporating all of the Association Guinéenne des Evaluateurs, key information for analyzing, monitoring which received official certification in and evaluating poverty. March 2005 and will be responsible for GUINEA-BISSAU Guinea-Bissau experienced civil strife and Guinea-Bissau ­ 2005 political instability in the 1980s and early CDF Assessment Diamond 1990s, which culminated in a civil war in Long-Term Holistic Vision 1998/99. A peace agreement led to the election of President Yala in 2000. In September 2003 a military coup ousted the government of President Yala, and Country- Country led established a transitional government to Ownership Partnership prepare for new elections. In the legislative elections held in March 2004, the former political opposition to Results Focus President Yala won a simple majority in Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments the National Assembly. Transition to for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all peace and democracy remains fragile, criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would however, following an army mutiny that therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. caused the death of the army's chief of staff in October 2004. Presidential 2003 military coup, the transitional elections are scheduled to take place in the Government prepared an Emergency second quarter of 2005. Economic Management Plan with the Long-term holistic vision support of external partners. In 2004 the newly-elected Government endorsed the A long-term vision widely agreed within Emergency Economic Management Plan the country does not yet guide policy and used it as the basis for a makers. Government and stakeholders, constitutionally-mandated Program for with the support of UNDP's African 2004-08. There is also a National Health Future Program, prepared a National Development Plan for 2003-08, and an Long-Term Perspective Study in 1996, Education For All Action Plan prepared in which was meant to form the basis of a 2003 by the Ministry of Education. The national long-term vision. Civil strife and Government is making significant efforts political instability have impeded the to align sector strategies with a National formal adoption by the Government of a Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS), long-term vision. In 1996, however, the Guinea Bissau's PRS, currently under Government did prepare a ten-year preparation.72 strategy for primary education as part of a National Education Plan for Human Some development objectives have Development. been defined, primarily linked to specific sectors. The health and education Transition and sectoral strategies are strategies identify targets linked to the helping the country set the pace for MDGs, such as primary education medium-term development and move coverage and the fight against malaria, toward the preparation of a full tailored to the country's circumstances. development strategy. Following the 72 The Government of President Yala completed an Interim NPRS in September 2000. A full NPRS is expected mid-2005. 124 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 125 Guinea-Bissau The health and education strategies preparation of the Emergency Economic identify poverty reduction as the overall Management Plan. rationale and include cross-sectoral issues Elements exist toward establishing a like gender. sustainable structure for government - Post-conflict strategy focuses on stakeholder dialogue. In August 2004 the some key short-term priorities, but a Ministry of National Solidarity and Fight broader approach to development is being Against Poverty conducted several rounds considered. The Emergency Economic of consultation, which fed into the draft Management Plan focuses on rebuilding NPRS. The Government is establishing a the public administration, providing National Commission which will oversee access to basic social services and NPRS implementation; the National preparing for the presidential elections. Commission will be chaired by the Prime The draft NPRS, still under discussion, Minister and composed of civil society broadens this perspective and identifies and private sector representatives. four main pillars: (i) improving the Elements exist toward enhancing macroeconomic framework and parliamentary involvement. In July 2004 promoting private sector and business the National Assembly approved the development; (ii) improving access to Government Program for 2004-08, as basic services and infrastructure; (iii) required by the Constitution. There are no support for vulnerable groups; and (iv) constitutional requirements for the good governance and institutional National Assembly to approve development. development plans and the budget. Some progress has been made in Capacity for strategy formulation is ensuring that budgetary allocations are still an open challenge. Civil war and made on the basis of negotiations between political turmoil have depleted human and the Ministry of Finance and line technical resources. Capacity for planning ministries. Expenditure control has at the central level is significantly improved since the establishment in 2003 undermined by insufficient coordination of a treasury committee, responsible for between central and line ministries. the implementation of a cash-rationing Capacity for implementation is weak and system for the implementation of the is exacerbated by insufficient Emergency Economic Management Plan. communication between the ministries An MTEF has not yet been introduced. and their decentralized structures Country ownership responsible for implementing policies and programs. The Ministry of National Solidarity and Fight Against Poverty, with the technical Country-led partnership support of the Ministry of Finance, is Government leadership of development responsible for overall coordination and assistance coordination is limited. NPRS preparation of the NPRS. The formulation is helping improve involvement of line ministers remains coordination, primarily under the auspices limited, however. In 2003 the IMF, the of external partners. The Ministry of World Bank, and the AfDB jointly Finance is the government institution assisted the Government in the responsible for coordination. A RT is planned for 2005, tentatively after the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 126 Guinea-Bissau presidential elections, and will be chaired Efforts are being made to align all by UNDP. external partners' technical assistance Elements exist to align development support under a master plan with the assistance with country priorities. The five support of the IMF. Some external major external partners are Italy, the EU, partners are already supporting capacity the World Bank, Portugal and the AfDB, building related to the implementation of accounting for approximately 84 percent sector policies. For example, the World of ODA in 2002-03. The Netherlands and Bank is assisting the Government in France are also active. ODA accounted for establishing a health information system 63.5 percent of GNI in 2003.73 External and strengthening financial and partners have broadly aligned their administrative management within the support around the Emergency Economic Ministry of Health. The IMF is providing Management Plan and intend to revise technical assistance to the Ministry of their assistance strategies to align them Finance. The EC and UNDP also assisted with the NPRS once it is finalized. The the government with the preparation of World Bank, for example, is preparing a the 2005 budget. Transitional Support Strategy in line with Despite lingering political instability, the priorities identified in the sector external partners have maintained a strategies and is advising the Government presence in the country and are now to better integrate the NPRS process with strengthening it. In 2000 the World Bank sector priorities. relocated the Country Director to the There are some elements for region. In 2002 it established a Liaison partnerships in external financial and Office in Bissau. In 2003 the AfDB also analytical support, which have yet to opened a local office in Bissau. materialize. In 2003 the World Bank Results focus conducted a PER in close collaboration with the Government. External partners Quality and availability of poverty-related continue to support projects, mainly data needs strengthening. Political turmoil implemented by Project Implementation has severely disrupted data collection. The Units. In some sectors, however, some National Statistics Institute conducted a progress has been made toward a light household survey in 2002. Revenues program-based approach, particularly in are not fully tracked, spending by line the health sector. The World Bank is ministries is not comprehensively supporting some components of the accounted for, external funds, which National Health Development Plan, and finance the bulk of social programs, are implementation is being carried out by outside government control, and internal existing units within the Ministry of and external auditing is insufficient. Health. The EC is providing budget Access to information on support for the health sector. There is, Government policies remain an open however, no formal arrangement to challenge. There is a thick network of harmonize missions and reporting community radios broadcasting in Crioulo procedures. and the NPRS process was launched through an extensive media campaign. However, since then information on the 73 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at NPRS has been circulated piecemeal. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/44/1881312.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 127 Guinea-Bissau Elements exist to move toward a be monitored by local health facilities. country-level M&E system. The Ministry The system will be integrated into the of Health, for example, is identifying a set NPRS M&E system, currently under of key indicators, whose achievement will development. GUYANA Long-term holistic vision Guyana ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The National Development Strategy Long-Term Holistic Vision (NDS) is the unofficial long-term vision, developed by the Government and various stakeholders with assistance from the Carter Center. The NDS is a key Country- Country reference point for policy-makers. The led Ownership Partnership medium-term strategy is the Guyana Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), which was partially derived from the long-term vision.74 Results Focus Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments The PRSP identifies objectives that for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all are linked to the MDGs, but many of the criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would targets have been scaled back to reflect therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. country circumstances and there is a lack of explicit, time-bound targets beyond 2005. The PRSP embeds a medium-term their incorporation in the budget process strategy through 2005 and rests on seven would help to ensure that the targets in the pillars, constituting a balanced PRSP are met and the recent decline in development strategy. The pillars are: social spending reversed. While an broad-based, job-generating economic MTEF is not being developed, the growth; environmental protection; government is developing a medium-term stronger institutions and better Public Sector Investment Program, governance; investment in human capital, incorporating all planned large-scale with emphasis on basic education and projects. health; investment in infrastructure to Country ownership support better services in water, sanitation and housing, as well as roads, power and A central coordination unit leads policy irrigation; improved safety nets; and formulation with assistance from various special intervention programs to address line ministries. Most line ministries, regional pockets of poverty. Other cross- however, have yet to make explicit cutting issues include gender and the rule reference to the PRSP in their programs. of law. The Office of the President, through the Policy Coordination and Program A shortcoming is the absence of Management Unit (PCPMU), formerly the medium-term budget plans to channel PRSP Secretariat , is the locus of initiative expenditures toward priority sectors in the for PRSP formulation, coordination of PRSP. Also, further improvements in the implementation, and M&E. Other units monitoring of social spending and worked with the PRSP Secretariat during PRSP formulation, namely a PRS Steering 74The NDS was completed in 1996, and revised Committee and Resource Teams. During and updated in 1998 and 1999. The PRSP was preparation of the PRSP and the PRSP completed in November 2001. A Progress Report Progress Report, the PCPMU led broad- was completed in December 2004. 128 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 129 Guyana based consultations, including workshops expected due to capacity constraints. In and seminars held at various locations. 2002, outbreaks of crime and ethnic- The institutional structure adopted during related violence, as well as a one-month PRSP formulation remains, except the parliamentary boycott, placed further Resource Teams were replaced by PRS limitations on PRSP implementation. The Focal Points in line ministries and by Progress Report confirms that absorptive Regional Committees. The PRS Steering capacity is low and that several PRSP Committee's main function is to guide targets were not met as a result. PRSP policy during implementation. Country-led partnership Civil society participated in consultations for the PRSP and during The Government has taken preliminary implementation for Progress Report steps towards increasing leadership of formulation. The Steering Committee's coordination of development assistance. membership was reconstituted in 2003, The Office of the President leads and comprises country stakeholders, development assistance coordination including NGOs that represent faith based efforts and chairs a High level donor co- groups, people with disabilities, youth and ordination group. It also established five gender, the labor movement, the private thematic groups, each one chaired by the sector and four Government officials. relevant Government ministry. Some groups meet irregularly, but the groups on The private sector has similarly Water, Governance and Education have participated in PRSP consultations at been active over the past year, meeting various stages, through individuals and every 6-12 weeks. There is also a newly leaders of business associations. The formed Presidential Commission on private sector also helps guide HIV/AIDS and a HIV/AIDS theme group. implementation through its representation The five thematic groups were formerly a in the Steering Committee. single group, the Donor Coordination Unit Parliament's participation in the (DCU), which worked with the PRSP formulation and implementation of the Secretariat during PRSP formulation. National Development Strategy and PRSP These groups were established to assist in has been minimal. Parliament did not the coordination, planning, formally approve the PRSP, though some implementation and monitoring of PRSP- members did participate in consultations. related projects and programs. Efforts are Parliament is not constitutionally required underway to direct external assistance to approve national development plans. coordination to the Ministry of Finance, in Debate is ongoing on the question of order to bring together the efforts it whether or not the Economic Services currently undertakes in conducting Committee should discuss the NDS and individual review sessions with external the PRSP. While pending approval by partners. Guyana participates in a joint Parliament, discussion of the NDS may be Caribbean CG, the last of which was held added to the Economic Services in Washington in 2000. The next CG Committee's agenda. meeting (re-named Caribbean Forum for There is a shortage of Government Development), currently being organized capacity for policy formulation and by the CDB, will be held in May 2005. especially implementation. The PRSP The PRSP mentions the private sector Progress Report was completed later than as a key partner in PRSP implementation Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 130 Guyana as the desired engine of growth. Private and supported by multiple partners are sector participation, however, has been ongoing. In particular, the World Bank's limited in implementation, and efforts are Public Sector Technical Assistance Credit underway to coordinate with both the is making good progress in supporting private sector and civil society in service these efforts in partnership with the IMF, delivery and other areas of the IDB and CARTAC for different implementation. initiatives. Most external partners have aligned The Government is only beginning to their assistance with the PRSP. The five show interest in harmonizing external major external partners are the IDB, the partners' procedures with country World Bank, the UK, the USA and the systems. Some external partners are CDB, accounting for approximately 80 already making use of country systems in percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA certain areas. One example is DFID, accounted for 12.4 percent of GNI in which uses Government procurement 2003.75 The IDB's Country Strategy systems (Guyana Central Tender Board) Paper for 2002-05 directly supports the for its Government-related programs. PRSP's poverty reduction objectives, as Among themselves, external partners are does DFID's Regional Assistance Plan making an effort to harmonize their M&E 2004-07. The EC's Country Strategy and reporting systems. Paper for 2002-07 relies on the PRSP as a The major external partners have framework for its assistance policies. country offices to better participate in Lastly, the World Bank's Country day-to-day decision making. The World Assistance Strategy FY2002-05 was Bank's Country Director is based in designed to support the PRSP. USAID's Washington, but a Country Office is Country Strategic Plan 2004-08 uses the located in Guyana. Other external NDS and the PRSP as frameworks for development assistance agencies have planned development assistance. field offices (IMF, IDB, DFID, USAID, External partners are moving towards EC, CIDA and UN agencies). the establishment of partnerships, mostly in the provision of technical assistance Results focus and analytical work. There are no The Government's capabilities for examples of joint budget support to date. gathering data on poverty and The World Bank is providing budget expenditures remain weak, but efforts are support through a series of PRSCs, the underway to strengthen the relevant first of which was disbursed in 2002. institutions. The Bureau of Statistics is DFID is taking the lead in supporting the the main source for data collection. The Government to develop a SWAp in the 2001 Census was completed in 2002 with water sector, but this has yet to take off external support. Initial headline numbers the ground; SWAps are not yet envisioned have been released and more detailed data in any other sector. are expected later in 2005. A Household Efforts to coordinate capacity Income and Expenditure Survey is building aligned with country priorities planned for 2005, the first household survey since 1999. External partners are providing joint assistance to carry out the 75 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at survey. Poverty-related expenditures are http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/45/1881321.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 131 Guyana tracked through the budget. An integrated A country-level M&E system is in the financial management system is under early stages of development. The PRS development, enabling better monitoring M&E Unit is working to coordinate of government expenditures and monitoring with the Steering Committee, improvement of the budget process. the PRS Focal Points, the Regional The Government maintains strong Committees and the Thematic Groups, efforts to disseminate information about and also to incorporate stakeholders, the PRSP. During preparations for the namely the poor, through consultations. PRSP Progress Report, the PCPMU The M&E system being developed is disseminated the draft Progress Report in linked to existing M&E systems in line print and electronic form to Government ministries with coordinated support from officials and other stakeholders. The PRS external partners. It will be used to M&E Unit, set up in 2003 under the prepare PRSP Progress Reports, reports PCPMU, is also in charge of on the MDGs and reports for country disseminating information to stakeholders policy makers. The PRS M&E Unit as part of the M&E process, and hosted a already provided inputs for the first PRSP television series, From Consultation to Progress Report. Also, regional PRS Implementation: Progress in PRSP. The committees, which have been set up as Government makes information about the pilots in five of Guyana's ten regions, will PRSP widely available through its monitor PRS implementation at the local website, including information about level. The PRSP includes poverty consultations, progress reports, and even indicators, which are under revision by the includes a forum for online discussions.76 Government. 76http://www.povertyreduction.gov.gy/ HAITI A former French colony, Haiti is the Haiti ­ 2005 poorest country in the western CDF Assessment Diamond hemisphere. Independent since 1804, the Long-Term Holistic Vision country's history has been fraught with political violence and instability, at one point leading to a US military occupation from 1915 to 1934. Elected president in Country- Country 1957, François Duvalier - also known as led Ownership Partnership Papa Doc - established a repressive dictatorship until his death in 1971. His son, Jean-Claude Duvalier - or Baby Doc - succeeded him to power but was forced Results Focus to flee to France in 1986 by a wave of Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments popular unrest. Democratic presidential for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would elections held in December 1990 resulted therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for in a victory for Jean-Bertrand Aristide and that axis. his Lavalas party. In September 1991, Aristide was overthrown in a military 2004. The UN Security Council coup led by General Raoul Cedras. The immediately authorized the rapid brutal military regime established by deployment of a Multinational Interim Cedras resulted in a three year embargo Force to stabilize the country. In until a US-led multinational force accordance with Haiti's Constitution the reinstalled Aristide and restored President of the High Court, Boniface Constitutional rule. Rene Preval was Alexandre, became President on an subsequently elected president in 1995 but interim basis, and in March 2004 a his administration grappled with a lengthy Transitional Government led by Prime political crisis and sharp divisions within Minister Gerald Latortue was appointed. its own party. Against a backdrop of A UN Mission to Stabilize Haiti increasing political division and gridlock (MINUSTAH) was deployed in June and contested legislative elections, 2004, but has made little progress with Aristide was then reelected president in disarmament efforts. Parliamentary and the November 2000 elections, which were presidential elections are scheduled to boycotted by the opposition. His second take place in October and November term in office was also mired in political 2005. The security situation remains and institutional crises. Demonstrations volatile. calling for his ouster intensified in 2003. Amid growing chaos in early 2004, Long-term holistic vision insurgents seized control of the country's The Transitional Government has taken fourth largest city. As the insurgents initial steps to develop a long-term marched toward Port-au-Prince with little development vision with the support of an or no resistance from the Haitian National Police, Ad Hoc Advisory Group on Haiti - AristideresignedandleftthecountryinFebruary created in May 1999 and reactivated in July 2004 - within the UN Economic and Social Council. In July 2004 the Minister 132 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 133 Haiti of Planning, Environment and External education sector. It integrated into the CCI Cooperation presented to the UN a Plan d'Action pour l'Environnement, Economic and Social Council a prepared in 1998, as the sector strategy for preliminary long-term vision with a ten to environmental protection. fifteen-year horizon focused on five The Transitional Government has priority areas: 1) property rights; 2) embraced the idea of establishing a plan education; 3) liberalization of the of action to implement the MDGs by 2015 economy; 4) environmental protection; as part of the process of preparing its and 5) infrastructure. In April 2005 a long-term vision. Haiti's first MDG report mission of the Ad Hoc Advisory Group on was finalized in April 2005. The CCI Haiti visited the country to start planning links the activities and objectives of the with the national authorities activities for transitional program with support toward the completion of the long-term vision. meeting the MDGs. Since 2003, a UN In April 2004, the Transitional interagency committee in Port-au-Prince, Government in coordination with the which also includes government officials, World Bank, the UN, the EC, and IDB has been working on orientation strategies launched the preparation of a Cadre de and policies focusing on the MDGs. Coopération Intérimaire (CCI).77 The However, progress has been hampered by CCI provides a balanced short-to-medium weak and poorly implemented policies, as term development framework with well as under-funded and poorly managed priority actions outlined in a Transitional programs. Results Matrix (TRM), including clear The CCI focuses on four main pillars: outcomes and objectives. The CCI covers 1) strengthening political governance and the period July 2004 - September 2006, promoting national dialogue through exceeding the date of the expected increased security, demobilization, transfer of power to allow the authorities disarmament, and reintegration; 2) elected in November 2005 to have strengthening economic governance and financial resources and programs contributing to institutional development underway during the first months of their and decentralization; 3) promoting administration. The Transitional economic recovery, macroeconomic Government expects that the CCI could stability, and private sector development; provide the basis for a participatory PRS and 4) improving access to basic services, covering the period 2006-09, and has including urgent humanitarian aid, health begun its preparations expecting it to be and nutrition, education, and water and completed following the elections. The sanitation. Cross-cutting issues like crisis Transitional Government has also prevention, environmental protection, developed sector strategies to support CCI gender, human rights promotion, local implementation. For example, it validated development, and HIV/AIDS are also national plans in health, population, risks addressed. and disasters, HIV/AIDS, and administrative reform. It recognized a Some progress has been made to Plan National d'Éducation et de develop a link between the budget and the Formation, under implementation since CCI. Under the budget for FY05, 1997, as the guiding framework for the approved in September 2004, the Transitional Government increased recurrent and capital expenditures for 77The CCI was completed in July 2004. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 134 Haiti security and access to basic services, Prime Minister's Office and another from drawing on the priorities identified in the the Ministry of Planning, and four CCI. Progress has also been made toward external partner representatives, from the strengthening public expenditure IDB, World Bank, EC, and the UN. The management. The government operated GP was assisted by: 1) a team of experts without a budget for five years until 2002. on cross-cutting topics not specifically Transparency of public expenditure has addressed by the Thematic Groups; 2) a increased with the share of government team coordinated by the Ministry of expenditures channeled through difficult Finance, charged with providing an to track discretionary accounts declining estimate of costs; 3) a communication from about 60 percent in FY03 to less team charged with informing weekly the than 10 percent in FY05. The Transitional press, political and social actors on the Government also incorporated progress achieved by the GP; and 4) a information on projected external reflection team, open to bilateral partners, partners' disbursement in the budget for charged with developing FY05. recommendations for improving coordination of development assistance. Country ownership The Thematic Groups were composed External partners have been involved of national and international experts and directly and intensely in the preparation of their work was coordinated by a the CCI. During the preparation of the Government representative, with the CCI, an Inter-Ministerial Committee took support of a focal point from the the lead in coordinating government international community. The themes reviews and validating the final version of covered included: 1) political governance the program. This Inter-Ministerial and national dialogue; 2) economic Committee was composed of four governance and institutional development; Ministers: Economy and Finance; 3) rapid job creation and safety nets for Planning and External Coordination; social protection; 4) protection and Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural rehabilitation of the environment; 5) Development; Industry, Trade and regional, urban and local development and Tourism. It was charged with facilitating decentralization; 6) health and nutrition; CCI preparation, ensuring an integrated 7) education and culture; 8) agriculture vision of sectoral priorities as well as an and food security; 9) infrastructure; and interactive approach with PRS 10) development of the private sector and development. small- and medium-size enterprises and The Inter-Ministerial Committee industries. Each Thematic Group guided the work of ten Thematic Groups, identified the main intervention priorities which were responsible for identifying and established a follow-up mechanism priority interventions in critical areas and until 2006. They also estimated preparing more detailed thematic reports intervention costs and financing needs. and transitional results matrices. These For the implementation of the CCI, reports and matrices were subsequently the Thematic Groups have been converted synthesized and incorporated into a CCI into sectoral tables and the GP has been synthesis report by a Groupe de Pilotage folded into a Joint Committee for the (GP). The GP was composed of two Implementation and Monitoring of the government representatives, one from the CCI. The Joint Committee is chaired by Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 135 Haiti the Prime Minister, with participation of break with the past, the Transitional other representatives from the Transitional Government consulted and briefed civil Government, national stakeholders, and society on its proposed annual budget the international community. It supervises prior to submitting it for Cabinet approval. the utilization of resources, monitor A CSOs--the Civil Society Initiative-- implementation, and approve any participates in the Joint Committee for the modification in the implementation of the Implementation and Monitoring of the CCI. A Unit for Implementation and CCI. Follow-up of the CCI serves as a Business associations participated in secretariat of the Joint Committee, the formulation of the CCI and took part provides operational support and oversees in the three regional workshops, as well as the collection and sharing of information in the National Consultation Workshop. A on progress in implementation. busieness association--the Professional Consultations and validation Association of Artisans--and a financial workshops underpinned the preparation of and economic consultancy--the Groupe the CCI. Under GP guidance, the Croissance--participate in the Joint Thematic Groups held consultations with Committee for the Implementation and various stakeholders, including sectoral Monitoring of the CCI. committees of external partners, starting Parliament has not convened since in March 2004. Over 250 national January 2004, when the mandates of all stakeholders and international experts members of the Chamber of Deputies and from 26 bilateral and multilateral several senators expired. Parliament is agencies, including UN agencies, mandated by the Constitution to approve participated in the consultations. The the budget. There is no constitutional Government conducted regional requirement for Parliament to approve workshops in Cape Haïtien, Gonaïves and economic and social plans. Les Cayes from June 3 to June 7, 2004, as well as a National Consultation Workshop Poor governance and weak public on June 11, 2004. The CCI envisages the sector capacity are major bottlenecks for establishment of municipal consultation CCI implementation. Brain drain has structures, as well as the creation of a decimated the ranks of both professional national council for regional, urban and and technical skills. Decentralization local development and decentralization. efforts have suffered from the absence of a regulatory framework. For many years Haiti has had a very dynamic and active civil society. Country-led partnership Although the country still faces significant challenges in reducing exclusion, the External partners have played a Transitional Government has increased its substantial role in coordinating outreach to civil society and promoted development assistance. In 1994 the dialogue to increase transparency, World Bank convened an informal enhance participation and strengthen external partner meeting to prepare for a implementation of the CCI. For example, resumption of lending and later in January NGOs and civil society representatives 1995 chaired a CG meeting. Since the participated in the regional workshops and political crisis of 1997, it has continued to the National Consultation Workshop for convene regular informal meetings in the preparation of the CCI. In a clear Washington for development assistance Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 136 Haiti agencies to exchange information and of GNI in 2002.78 The World Bank, IDB views on programs in Haiti. In March and the UN also play an active role. 2004 it organized an informal meeting USAID's Strategic Plan, prepared in 2004 with external partners in Washington, to before the CCI, supports some of the start coordinating support for the post- sector strategies pre-dating the CCI and conflict phase. At the country level, integrated into it. CIDA's assistance UNDP has coordinated monthly informal program for 2004-06 is aligned with the meetings in Port-au-Prince. CCI. The World Bank and IDB have both The CCI is providing a basis for prepared transitional support strategies strengthening government leadership of that are aligned with the CCI and seek to development assistance coordination. In support a successful transition and pave April 2004, the Transitional Government the way for longer-term sustainable launched the CCI process in Port-au- development. The UN Development Prince during a meeting with external Assistance Framework and UNDP's partners and was responsible for external Cooperation Framework for 2002-06, partner coordination for the preparation of prepared before the CCI, aim at promoting the CCI. The Joint Committee for the sustainable development by combating Implementation and Monitoring of the poverty, promoting social inclusion and CCI defines the orientation and general strengthening the rule of law through the policies for development assistance promotion, respect and protection of coordination. The Unit for human rights. In March 2003, the UN Implementation and Follow-up of the CCI prepared an Integrated Emergency collects information on external partners' Response Program, to adapt the UN disbursements. For each of the CCI Development Assistance Framework to pillars, the Transitional Government and the evolving political and economic external partners have identified a situation. development assistance agency and a line External partners are starting to ministry to act as focal points and conduct some joint analytical work. The coordinate assistance at the sectoral level. World Bank and IDB are planning a For some pillars, for example economic Public Procurement and Financial governance, government leadership of Management Review for FY06 and will coordination is emerging. An external explore opportunities to undertake partner-government meeting was analytical work jointly with other external organized in June 2004 to review the CCI partners. The World Bank is preparing a process and to prepare the International review of the rural sector for FY05, in Donors Conference on Haiti, which was coordination with IDB. In April 2005 the held in Washington in July 2004 and IDB and the World Bank held a joint jointly organized by the World Bank, mission to start consolidating their support IDB, the UN, and the EC. for governance reform. Some development assistance Several external partners are agencies have aligned their assistance providing capacity building support and with the CCI. The five major external efforts are ongoing to better coordinate partners are the USA, the EU, France, these efforts, especially in the area of Canada, and Japan, accounting for approximately 86 percent of ODA in 78 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at 2001-02. ODA accounted for 4.3 percent http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/26/1877775.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 137 Haiti economic governance where government USAID and EU have decentralized their leadership of coordination is stronger. decision-making process. IDB, USAID, CIDA, AECI, the EC, the IMF, the AFD and the World Bank are Results focus coordinating capacity development for The quality and availability of data is economic governance. The World Bank is improving. The Haitian Institute of providing support to strengthen Statistics and Informatics conducted an institutional capacity and human resources Enquête sur la Consommation et le management and lay the groundwork for Budget des Ménages in 2000, an Enquête civil service reform. Different external sur les Conditions de Vie en Haïti in 2002, partners are taking the lead in providing and a Household Living Conditions capacity support for selected sectors. IDB Survey in 2003. The Anti-Corruption Unit has plans to support the creation of a is starting a survey on corruption Capacity Building Facility to strengthen perception and causes. An integrated executing capacities. financial management system known as Harmonization with country systems SYSDEP is under development, but not is at an early stage. Harmonization of yet deployed in all ministries. fiduciary and environmental safeguards is The Government is preparing a hampered by inadequate government communication strategy aimed at better policies in these areas. Project informing relevant stakeholders and the Management Units are used in all wider public on the objectives and externally financed projects to facilitate implications of the Transitional implementation. The World Bank is Government's actions in the area of supporting the Transitional Government's economic governance. One key aspect of efforts to strengthen procurement and the communication strategy will be the financial management systems, in dissemination of information on coordination with IDB and other external budgetary allocations and disbursements partners. The Transitional Government to the beneficiaries, through the mass has developed and is implementing an media. Information generated through anti-corruption strategy and has SYSDEP is not yet available to the public. established an Independent Anti- With UNDP technical support, the GP Corruption Unit, as a key pillar of its created a CCI website where the CCI economic governance reform. synthesis report and background Some external partners have documentation are available in English strengthened their presence in the country and French.79 to better participate in day-to-day Monitoring indicators and activities discussions and monitoring. The World are presented in the CCI's TRM based on Bank has transferred management of the semi-annual timelines. Each pillar of the Haiti portfolio from Santo Domingo to CCI includes several themes, for each Port-au-Prince to strengthen dialogue with theme the TRM identifies one priority the Government, other external partners, objective, gives a baseline, and then and civil society. IDB has maintained an articulates targets and monitoring uninterrupted presence in Haiti through its indicators for six-monthly intervals until Country Office, which is being strengthened to meet the demands of its growing involvement in the country. 79http://haiticci.undg.org Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 138 Haiti September 2006. The Unit for implementation of the CCI for M&E by Implementation and Follow up of the CCI the Joint Committee. regularly updates information on the HONDURAS Long-term holistic vision Honduras ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The Estrategia para la Reducción de la Long-Term Holistic Vision Pobreza (ERP) 2001-15, Honduras' PRS,80 is the country's long-term vision. In 2004 the Government adopted a poverty reduction law, the Ley para la Country- Country Gestión de la Reducción de la Pobreza, led Ownership Partnership identifying the ERP goals as the objectives for the country's social policy through 2015.81 Results Focus The ERP integrates a master plan for Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments reconstruction and national for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all transformation, the Plan Maestro para la criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Reconstrucción y la Transformación therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. Nacional, prepared in 1999 after Hurricane Mitch, and informs the constitutionally-mandated Government 2003 Progress Report. Others, like those Plan for 2002-06 presented by President for reducing overall child malnutrition and Maduro, who took office in February maternal mortality rates were revised 2002. In 2004 the Government prepared upward given strong progress in these an ERP Implementation Plan for 2004-06, areas. Two goals related to coverage of which integrates sectoral plans in health, electricity and telephone lines, considered education, water and sanitation, and agro- key for equitable growth, were added. forestry. The central government is The medium-term strategy starts assisting municipal governments with the addressing key issues for country preparation of strategic municipal development. The ERP Implementation development plans in line with the ERP. Plan identifies three priority areas: 1) There are currently 104 plans completed; restoring economic dynamism and the government's goal is to have plans employment generation, 2) development completed in all 298 municipalities by the of human capital, and 3) justice and end of 2004. personal security. It has cross-cutting Goals identified for 2015 are emphasis on environmental sustainability consistent with the MDGs, but tailored to and risk prevention, gender equity, and Honduran circumstances. Some goals, decentralization. such as those for poverty and access to Action is being taken toward water, were revised downward in the strengthening the link of the strategy to the budget. With the preparation of the first ERP Progress Report by end-2003, 80The ERP was completed in September 2001, and the authorities expanded the definition of the first Progress Report was completed in poverty reduction spending to achieve a December 2003. The Government completed the second Progress Report in January 2005. closer link between anti-poverty spending 81http://www.sierp.hn/docs/Ley_GestionRP_DEC and poverty-reducing outcomes. This 77-2004.pdf . 139 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 140 Honduras revision has helped to improve the Ley para la Gestión de la Reducción de la monitoring of Honduras's poverty Pobreza, thus fulfilling the constitutional reduction efforts. In 2004 the Government requirement for participation of social and adopted a law reforming the budget economic stakeholders in development process, the Ley Orgánica de planning. The ERP Consultative Council Presupuesto, which provides for the includes six central government formulation of a MTEF, starting in 2005, representatives (Presidency, Finance, based on sectoral plans in line with the Education, Environment, Governance, ERP. It established a virtual fund, tracking Health and Agriculture), a local poverty spending through tagging of government representative and twelve specific expenditures, which was stakeholder representatives. incorporated in the 2004 and 2005 Representatives are nominated in sectoral budgets. There is an inter-ministerial assemblies and confirmed by the technical commission - the Social Cabinet President. Consultations with - chaired by the Ministry of Finance to stakeholders were carried out during 2003 ensure that the budget mirrors the sectoral and 2004 for the ERP Progress Reports priorities identified in the ERP. The Social and the ERP Implementation Plan through Cabinet, in coordination with a technical the ERP Consultative Council, and unit in the Ministry of the Presidency, the contributed to a stronger focus of ERP Unidad de Apoyo Técnico (UNAT), and implementation on decentralization and other line ministries and government transparency. The 2004 ERP Progress agencies, is developing ERP indicators Report includes a matrix with all and aligning them with specific programs stakeholder proposals. and projects with funding from the IDB, Civil society organizations have been World Bank, SIDA and DFID. involved in ERP implementation. Since Country ownership 2004 the ERP Consultative Council includes representatives from the The Ministry of the Presidency, the following sectors: labor, peasants, political arm of the President, takes the women, youth, the elderly, the social lead on all aspects of the ERP. UNAT is sectors, the disabled, neighborhood and the key group leading strategy community organizations, ethnic development, coordination of organizations and NGOs. During implementation and M&E and drafted the consultations for the ERP Progress Report ERP, the Progress Reports and the ERP and the ERP Implementation Plan, Implementation Plan. Inter-ministerial workshops were directed toward a coordination is developing. different civil society group to ensure Action is being taken toward broad-based participation. establishing sustainable structures for The private sector has been involved continuing government­stakeholder in ERP implementation. Since 2004 a dialogue. In 2003 the Government large business association - the Consejo established an ERP Consultative Council, Hondureño de la Empresa Privada - and a institutionalizing the consultative representative of micro and small structures for ERP formulation and enterprises participate in the ERP oversight. In 2004, membership of the Consultative Council. ERP Consultative Council was broadened and its functions formalized through the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 141 Honduras Parliamentary involvement is agency could adversely affect solidifying. The National Congress is implementation of the ERP. A number of constitutionally mandated to approve high-profile corruption cases have been government development plans. The ERP recently dropped by the Office of the was discussed in plenary sessions in the Attorney-General and district attorneys National Congress, and several protesting the decision have been congressmen from various political parties dismissed. were involved in the consultations for ERP formulation. The National Congress Country-led partnership approved the 2002-06 Government Plan The Government is increasingly leading as part of the Ley para la Gestión de la development assistance coordination and Reducción de la Pobreza, as well as the streamlining its coordination structures. ERP Progress Report and the ERP UNAT is responsible for coordinating Implementation Plan without substantial external assistance and ensuring that it is changes. The presentation of ERP in line with the objectives of the ERP, and Progress Reports to the National Congress the Ministry of Finance is responsible for has been made mandatory through the Ley managing all development assistance, para la Gestión de la Reducción de la incorporating the functions previously Pobreza. The congressional budget shared with the Presidency's Technical committee oversees the alignment of the Secretariat for Cooperation (SETCO), general budget with the ERP, as required which is to be disbanded. An office for by the Constitution. Representatives of all project monitoring has been established five political parties represented in under the Presidency to help unblock Congress meet every two months with project implementation bottlenecks. external partners to discuss the legislative agenda and priorities for economic, social Dialogue and exchange of and political reform. The National information between external partners Congress is mandated by the Constitution takes place through a coordinated to approve credits and projects financed framework known as the G-17, with external resources. comprising a Group of Ambassadors, a Technical Follow-up Group and Sectoral Action is being taken to strengthen Boards, and chaired by its members on a capacity. There are plans within the ERP rotating basis. The Technical Follow-up to devolve more spending responsibilities Group maintains permanent relations with to municipalities and increase fiscal UNAT. Government officials participate transfers to meet the benchmark of 5 in the Sectoral Boards. Between 2003 and percent of national revenues by the end of 2004 the Government and external 2005. The Ministry of Governance and partners jointly organized a series of the Social Investment Fund are working to workshops known as the Zamorano improve the financial management and process to spearhead ERP planning capacity in municipal implementation. The Government has governments and improve local established six roundtables, one for each expenditure control, with the support of of the sectors where SWAps could be the World Bank, IDB, USAID and JICA. developed, to ensure regular exchange of However, weak financial management and information and improved coordination of institutional capacity in the line ministries, activities financed by development the judiciary and the supreme audit assistance. The Government has already Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 142 Honduras prepared diagnostics, sector plans and cost coherence between them and ERP estimates for education, health, water and priorities. Other external partners ­ agro-forestry. However, each roundtable including Japan, Sweden and Canada ­ follows its own working procedures and have reformulated their assistance there has been little coordination among strategies in line with the ERP. them. A CG meeting was held in June Some partnerships in external 2004 in Tegucigalpa, and chaired by the financial and analytical support are Government. The next CG meeting is emerging. The World Bank and IDB have expected to take place in Honduras after jointly carried out a CFAA and a CPAR March 2005, when Honduras reached the while DFID and SIDA collaborate on HIPC Completion Point. poverty and social impact analyses and External partners are aligning their ERP workshops. External partners are assistance with the ERP. The five major moving toward program-based budget external partners are the USA, the World support. The World Bank launched a Bank, Japan, IDB and Spain, accounting PRSC in 2004, and the EC is planning to for approximately 84 percent of gross provide budget support for ODA in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 6.8 decentralization. There is a SWAp in percent of GNI in 2003.82 In 2004 education with some pooling of funds and Honduras was selected as one of the joint supervision missions, and the countries eligible for MCA funds. The Zamorano process may lead to other USAID Country Plan for 2003-08 SWAps. For example, external partners identifies economic growth and poverty including the World Bank, IDB and the reduction as primary goals, reinforcing MCC are moving toward jointly ERP objectives. The MCA proposal will supporting the Government agro-forestry support the ERP Implementation Plan and strategy. However, most development focus on infrastructure development. The assistance is still channeled through World Bank and IDB coordinated with projects. In 2004 there were 269 projects, each other and the government on the mostly implemented by Project formulation of their respective assistance Implementation Units outside government strategies and aligned them with the ERP. structures. DFID has identified poverty reduction and Action is being taken toward support for national strategies as a key strengthening capacity building priority of its Latin America Regional coordination and coherence. There is a Assistance Plan 2004-07, which was multi-donor fund to finance technical updated in a 2004 Project Memorandum assistance in areas directly linked to the to support the ERP. The EC Country ERP. The World Bank is supporting Strategy Paper 2002-06 is in line with the capacity building in public sector and ERP and the 2007-2011 is currently under public expenditure management in line preparation. The 2001 UN Development with the ERP in partnership with IDB. Assistance Framework is in line with the IDB is preparing a performance-driven ERP. The Government has been loan to support capacity building in the negotiating to restructure a number of Ministry of Health in line with the ERP in existing operations to ensure greater coordination with other external partners. SIDA, IDB, SDC, DFID and UNDP are 82 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at jointly providing capacity building for http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/27/1877785.gif CSO participation in ERP M&E. Most Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 143 Honduras capacity building support, however, is still poverty targeting map, expected in 2005. fragmented. INE and UNAT are also preparing a Some progress has been achieved Poverty Assessment, with the support of toward harmonization and use of country the World Bank. The Government is systems. In October 2004 the Government preparing a national statistical and external partners identified key development strategy, with the support of actions to support harmonization and a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical agreed on the need to work on an action Capacity Building managed by the World plan to speed up progress. The Bank. There is an integrated financial Government has approved a revised public administration system (SIAFI), Procurement Law and is piloting e- which has been fully operative for about procurement in six ministries and two years and is currently undergoing government agencies. It has adopted a considerable enhancements both to national anti-corruption strategy to improve accessibility through a web- increase transparency of fiduciary based environment and to establish systems, and enacted a Financial Systems computer interfaces with the government Law. procurement and debt management systems. These enhancements to SIAFI External partners are decentralizing are expected to be fully operative in 2005. their operations to better participate in SIAFI incorporates the tracking of ERP day-to-day decision making. CIDA has budget planning and reporting on budget delegated full responsibility to its field execution by programmatic area, office and operates under a decentralized including the ability to track HIPC debt initiative known as Pro-Mesas, SIDA has relief. The various information systems delegated some decision making to the currently used in the government ­ field, and DFID opened an office in including the National/International Honduras in 2003. In 2002 the EC Cooperation System (SINACOIN), the devolved responsibility for the Public Investment System (SISPU), and management of programs and projects in the National Municipal Information Honduras to its delegation in Nicaragua, System (SINIMUN) ­ will be integrated and is planning to strengthen its liaison into SIAFI to streamline information office in Tegucigalpa in 2005. The World management and reporting. Bank has strengthened its Country Office, which includes staff for poverty reduction, Information on government policies human development, education, and water is easily available. There is a dedicated and sanitation. website with information on ERP implementation, the ERP document, the Results focus Progress Reports, details of consultations with country stakeholders as well as the The quality and availability of poverty- Ley para la Gestión de la Reducción de la related data is improving. The National Pobreza and the Government proposal for Statistics Bureau (INE) coordinates the MCA funds. Information on the ERP and National Statistics System and conducts funding for its implementation is also population census and household surveys. A census was completed in 2001. A first Living Standards Measurement Survey was conducted in 2004 and will result in a Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 144 Honduras posted on the website of the Ministry of by ongoing surveys and regular Finance.83 monitoring systems, and is preparing A country-level M&E system is second and third generation ERP materializing. There is an ERP indicators at the municipal level, building Information System (SIERP) developed in on administrative records to be 2004, managed by UNAT, and now incorporated in future monitoring functioning. SIERP monitors the impact activities. The Government has also of programs and projects toward the prepared a SIERP Master Plan to guide achievement of ERP goals, and is being monitoring activities through 2015, and integrated with the financial public adopted an agenda for impact evaluations administration system. SIERP will be which will be conducted by UNAT used to prepare a unified report serving as through 2006 on tax reforms, fuel prices, the ERP Progress Report, report on the salary policies, the free trade agreement, MDGs and report for country policy and government subsidies. The evaluation makers. The Government has already studies will feed into national decision- validated first generation ERP indicators, making through SIERP. which are those that are already collected 83http://www.sierp.hn and http://www.sefin.gob.h n/erp.html . KENYA Long-term holistic vision Kenya ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The Government of President Moi Long-Term Holistic Vision launched a National Poverty Eradication Plan in 1999, integrating a development vision through 2015, and a complementary draft PRS in 2002. The Country- Country Government of President Kibaki, elected led Ownership Partnership in December 2002, has marked a clear departure from the previous government's policy initiatives. Results Focus The Kibaki Government prepared an Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all and Employment Creation (ERS) for criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would 2003-07 linked to an Investment therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Programme (IP-ERS), Kenya's PRS.84 that axis. The ERS builds primarily on the winning coalition's manifesto and the post-election against the MDGs. In 2004 stakeholders action plan, as well as many of the within and outside government and specific priorities developed in the external partners endorsed the ERS as the National Poverty Eradication Plan. There business plan to achieve the MDGs. are also medium-term water, roads, legal Substantial progress is being made in reform, and energy strategies linked to the education and the fight against ERS. In March 2004 the Government HIV/AIDS. The Ministry of Planning and completed a Strategy for Revitalizing National Development is conducting a Agriculture 2004-14. It also prepared a needs assessment to identify the resources Kenya Education Sector Strategic Plan needed to achieve the MDGs. 2005-10, a National AIDS Strategic Plan The ERS identifies key issues for 2005-10, and is developing a health country development. It builds on three strategy. pillars: economic growth, equity and The ERS internalizes the MDGs and poverty reduction, and governance. It has identifies a results-based approach for a strong focus on improving the rule of their achievement. Kenya is a UN law to foster investment and economic Millennium Project pilot country. ERS growth, and identifies a multisectoral objectives are fully in line with the MDGs approach to fight HIV/AIDS. It begins to and linked to an IP-ERS results matrix tackle issues like environment and gender. whose targets are benchmarked A MTEF was introduced in 2000, and covered fiscal years 2000/01-2002/03. It has been updated each year but has so far been only partially successful in shifting 84 The Government completed the ERS in June budgetary allocations to priority areas, 2003 and the IP-ERS in March 2004. A draft IP- ERS Progress Report was prepared in April 2005, and made limited headway into the budget and is expected to be finalized in the third quarter process. Ten percent of expenditures are of 2005. 145 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 146 Kenya funded through revenues outside the substantive inputs from the Ministry of budget. Ministerial budgets and actual Finance as well as sector ministries. expenditures diverge significantly, ERS implementation is overseen by reflecting frequent use of in-year budget the Cabinet Committee of Economic reallocations. Management, chaired by the Vice Some action has been taken to President, and coordinated by the Ministry address these challenges. The Kibaki of Planning and National Development, Government is undertaking annual which is also responsible for ERS M&E. ministerial PERs, which identify programs There is a Committee of all Permanent and activities linked to the IP-ERS results Secretaries, chaired by the Head of Public matrix, form the basis for three-year Service, to monitor ERS implementation. sectoral financing plans and feed into the Some cooperation across government MTEF. Following the introduction of a institutions is emerging in ERS new budget process in September 2004, a implementation and monitoring. The Budget Outlook Paper 2005-06 was Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture was approved by the Cabinet at the end of developed jointly by the Ministry of 2004, providing for sectoral ceilings and Agriculture and the Ministry of Livestock laying the ground for more detailed and Fisheries Development. The Strategy sectoral work undertaken through the was also endorsed by the Ministry of 2005 PER. Subsequently, a Budget Cooperative Development and Marketing. Strategy Paper was completed in March The three ministries have established an 2005, articulating the link between the IP- Agricultural Sector Coordination Unit to ERS and the budget. Procedures for in- coordinate strategy implementation. The year reallocation have been also tightened. draft IP-ERS Progress Report was jointly The Ministry of Planning and endorsed by the Minister of Planning and National Development established a National Development and the Minister of MTEF Secretariat to coordinate the Finance. The Presidency has been less ministerial public expenditure reviews and involved. the MTEF. However, coordination Government involved stakeholders in between the Ministry of Planning and ERS formulation. The Ministry of National Development and the Ministry of Planning and National Development Finance, which is responsible for the presented a first draft of the ERS to preparation of the budget, is still stakeholders at a national workshop in developing. In recognition of the need to February 2003, followed by a series of strengthen the links between the ERS and smaller meetings to collect proposals. The the budget, in 2004 the MTEF Secretariat final draft of the ERS was presented to was transferred to the Ministry of Finance. stakeholders at a national workshop in June 2003. The draft IP-ERS was Country ownership presented to stakeholders at a National The ERS policy content reflects the Investment Conference in November electoral manifesto on which the winning 2003. coalition ran, and was developed under Action is being taken to establish a the leadership of the Ministry of Planning sustainable structure for continuing and National Development. It includes government ­ stakeholder dialogue. The Ministry of Planning and National Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 147 Kenya Development has established Sector grant from a multi-donor Public-Private Working Groups to conduct consultations Infrastructure Advisory Facility. with stakeholders at the sectoral level Parliamentarians participated in the during ERS implementation and ensure workshops and meetings leading to ERS that ERS priorities are given adequate formulation. The Government briefed the funding. The Sector Working Groups also Committee on Finance and Planning on participate in the MDG needs assessment. the objectives of the 2003 National In late 2004 the Government also Investment Conference. The National established a National Economic and Assembly approves the budget but the Social Council composed of experts from 1963 Constitution and subsequent the public and private sector to provide an amendments, currently being revised, do independent view on ERS implementation not require parliamentary approval of and advise on emerging policy concerns. development plans, and the ERS was not It has also established a National submitted to the National Assembly. Monitoring and Evaluation Steering Committee which includes representatives Planning and implementation of external partners, civil society and the capacities have been weakened by neglect private sector to guide the preparation of for civil service reform and poor ERS reviews, and coordinated incentives to improve performance. The consultations for the draft IP-ERS legacy of corruption and mismanagement Progress Report. of public resources have significantly undermined efficiency and effectiveness Civil society organizations of government institutions. Local districts participated in ERS formulation. NGOs, play a limited role in planning and trade unions, religious groups and implementation, with the notable women's organizations participated in the exception of the Arid Lands whose workshops and meetings and gave development is a major priority of the IP- feedback on the draft ERS. ERS. The Government is systematically Professional associations, industry addressing some of these issues. In 2003 it groups, financial organizations established a commission to investigate participated in the workshops and looting of the central bank's funds, passed meetings leading to ERS formulation. The two anti-corruption laws and replaced a 2003 National Investment Conference was large number of judges and magistrates. It jointly organized by the Government and has also established specialized agencies the Kenya Private Sector Alliance, a to address corruption including the Kenya private sector umbrella organization. The Anti Corruption Authority, and Kenya Private Sector Alliance has prosecution units within the Attorney established 30 private sector governing General's office. However, the ability of councils and 17 sector and thematic these institutions to enforce the anti- working groups to stimulate private- corruption laws remains to be seen. public partnerships in the implementation of ERS policies. With inputs from the Country-led partnership Kenyan private sector, the Government is There is clear responsibility for taking steps toward fostering public- coordinating external assistance, with private partnerships in infrastructure and more specialized mechanisms for service delivery. It is developing a private government-led coordination sector participation strategy, through a Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 148 Kenya materializing at the sectoral level. The reform program in its 2003 annual report. Ministry of Finance coordinates all The World Bank Country Assistance external partners, who also maintain Strategy FY04-07 builds on the ERS and bilateral relations with individual presents a policy matrix aligned with the ministries. The Government is preparing a IP-ERS results matrix. DFID's Country National Aid Policy to further clarify the Assistance Plan 2004-07 focuses on role it envisages for development poverty reduction and support to ERS assistance in support of the ERS. implementation. The EC Country Strategy Improved dialogue among external Paper 2003-07 is broadly in line with the partners is helping the Government ERS. UNDP's Country Program Action developing stronger leadership. There is a Plan 2004-08 supports ERS Donor Coordination Group, composed of implementation. external partners' representatives and Partnerships in external financial and chaired by the World Bank, and seventeen analytical support are emerging. Joint formal sub-groups, linked to ERS priority analytical work in support of the ERS is sectors, and composed of external partners significant. In 2001 the World Bank and and government representatives. In some DFID jointly prepared a CFAA. The sub-sectors such as education, ministries World Bank, DFID and the IMF are taking an active role in coordinating undertake annual reviews of the external assistance. In November 2003 the Government's public expenditure Government presented the draft IP-ERS to management framework. The World external partners at a CG meeting held for Bank, DFID, USAID and SIDA support the first time in Nairobi, and co-chaired the Government's annual public by the Government and the World Bank. expenditure review through a donor The next CG meeting will be held again in technical group. The World Bank and UN Nairobi in April 2005, and again co- Habitat conducted a joint analysis on chaired by the Government and the World poverty eradication in urban areas. The Bank. World Bank is working with SIDA and External partners are aligning their the Central Bureau of Statistics to prepare assistance with the ERS. The five major poverty maps. In 2004 the World Bank development partners are the USA, the started a Portfolio Improvement Process World Bank, the UK, Japan and the EU, based on the IP-ERS results matrix, and accounting for approximately 74 percent conducted in close partnership with the of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA Government; ministries are taking accounted for 3.5 percent of GNI in responsibility for portfolio review and 2003.85 In 2004 Kenya was selected to there are quarterly meetings with apply for a Threshold Program, managed ministries' permanent secretaries to assess by the MCC and USAID, to help progress. It conducted an investment countries work toward MCA eligibility. climate assessment in partnership with a USAID's Integrated Strategic Plan 2001- local think tank ­ the Kenya Institute for 07 focuses on democratization, economic Public Policy Research and Analysis. growth and the fight against HIV/AIDS, Multi-donor budget support and and recognizes the ERS as a credible SWAps are emerging as preferred financial modalities. In 2005 the World 85 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at Bank plans to provide budget support http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/54/1877992.gif through an ERS Support Credit and a Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 149 Kenya Financial Sector Support Credit, co- Bank have adopted a common financed with DFID, and is working procurement system for the toward a jointly-financed PRSC for 2007 implementation of education projects. with possible support from the EC, SIDA, The experience with common financial DFID and the AfDB. The EC is also management arrangements being used in envisaging budget support for public SWAps could facilitate a move toward expenditure management reforms in close relying on country systems over time. The coordination with the World Bank. A Government is preparing a Harmonization large number of external partners are Action Plan. supporting the Government's move The ERS identifies capacity toward SWAps to support the National bottlenecks but does not present a Aids Control Council, the Justice, Law comprehensive capacity building strategy. and Order and Security Sectors as well as The Government is developing capacity the Government's Statistical Master Plan. building action plans for specific A number of external partners including government institutions with particular the World Bank are supporting the priority given to the Justice, Law and Government in the preparation of a health Order and Security Sectors. It is also strategy with the objective of moving developing a Public Sector Reform toward a SWAp. The World Bank and Program around which external partners sixteen other external partners are could align their support for capacity supporting the Government's launch of an development. DFID, SIDA, EC, CIDA, education SWAp. In September 2004 they USAID, NORAD and the World Bank are undertook a joint review of the education considering joint support for an sector, and in January 2005 they held a Institutional Reform and Capacity joint pre-appraisal of the Kenya Education Building Technical Assistance Project, to Sector Strategic Plan. External partners support preparation and implementation have also established a basket funding of the Public Sector Reform Program. mechanism to start supporting implementation of the Strategy for A number of development assistance Revitalizing Agriculture. The EC and agencies have started increasing their other external partners are supporting the presence in the country to better Government in the launch of a participate in day-to-day decision making. decentralization SWAp. The World Bank program is managed by a Country Director based in Nairobi. Harmonization with country systems USAID, DFID and the EC have is limited. External partners have not yet strengthened their presence in the country. started moving toward using local The AFD program is managed by an procurement and financial management office in Nairobi. The IMF and World systems pending government action to Bank Joint Advisory Note of the IP-ERS combat corruption. However, the recent includes the view of other external approval of the National Audit Bill and partners. Financial Management Bill as well as a revised Procurement Bill, building on the Results focus findings of an independent procurement review and currently before Parliament, A program is in place for improving the lays a clear and effective legal basis for quality and availability of poverty-related progress in this area. DFID and the World data. In the past Government capacity to Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 150 Kenya produce timely and relevant statistical overview of the 2003 and 2004 PERs.86 In information has significantly declined due 2003 the Government prepared a in part to reduced allocations to the simplified version of the ERS, and Central Bureau of Statistics. Welfare translated it into Swahili, an official monitoring surveys were conducted in language. 1992, 1994 and 1997, but none since then. The Ministry of Planning and A census was conducted in 1999. When National Development has developed a available, information has been rarely M&E system to track progress in ERS used to inform decision-making. The implementation and identified, in Government has substantially increased consultation with stakeholders, a list of 31 budgetary allocations for statistics. It is key indicators with baselines to monitor tackling the long-term issues through a progress. It is piloting Participatory five-year strategic plan to strengthen the Impact Monitoring, involving local national statistics system, with the support governments in monitoring progress in of DFID, Denmark, USAID, SIDA, KfW some poverty-related indicators, and the EC through a multi-donor Trust supported by GTZ. Kenya also Fund for Statistical Capacity Building, led participates in the African Peer Review by the World Bank. With the support of Mechanism to ensure that polices and GTZ, DFID and the World Bank, the practices conform to the principles of the Government is also launching a Declaration on Democracy, Political, participatory poverty assessment to Economic and Corporate Governance. A benchmark perceptions of service Review Team visited the country in 2004. delivery. It is developing an Integrated The M&E system, jointly supported by a Financial Management and Information number of external partners, is being System, building on the IP-ERS results structured as a three-tier system matrix. Roll-out of the system, however, integrating ERS, the African Peer Review has been delayed by administrative issues. Mechanism and MDGs. However, Information on Government policies stronger links between the M&E system, is easily available. The ERS is posted on the public expenditure review process and the website of the Ministry of Planning policy makers across government are and National Development, together with needed to ensure that progress in some of the procedures of the consultation implementation informs national decision process. The website also includes an making. 86http://www.planning.go.ke/ . KYRGYZ REPUBLIC Political tensions rose between December Kyrgyz Republic ­ 2005 2004 and January 2005, as the opposition CDF Assessment Diamond staged public demonstrations in support of Long-Term Holistic Vision opposition leaders who had been refused registration as candidates for a February/March 2005 parliamentary election. Tensions further escalated after Country- Country led the elections, when accusations of vote Ownership Partnership rigging and fraud triggered protests and demonstrations throughout the country, which led to the sudden collapse of the Results Focus Government of President Akayev, who Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments fled the country. In March 2005, the for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all outgoing parliament appointed a caretaker criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would government, composed of opposition therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. leaders, to prepare for new presidential elections, scheduled for July 2005. The medium-term development strategy outgoing parliament later stepped down guiding KCDF implementation. Sector and legislative power was transferred to strategies and action plans are being the newly-elected parliament. aligned with the KCDF and the NPRS. Long-term holistic vision For example, there is a rural development program, comprehensive frameworks for Action has been taken to establish a long- tourism development, state employment term vision widely agreed within the and education through 2010, and a country. The Kyrgyz Comprehensive national strategy on information and Development Framework (KCDF) 2000- communication technologies for 10 is the long-term development vision in development. The Government has been the Kyrgyz Republic, prepared under preparing an employment strategy for President Akayev. It was formulated 2005-09, and a comprehensive long-term through a strong participatory process, strategy for the health sector, linked to a and builds on existing development medium-term work program. The Osh visions like the Araket National Program region, or oblast, has been preparing a for Poverty Alleviation, based on the UN regional poverty reduction strategy. Sustainable Human Development Strategy. The strategy identifies some development objectives. The NPRS sets a The medium-term strategy builds series of goals consistent with the MDGs on the long-term vision. Expanding whose achievement is set for 2010. There the Country's Capacities - National is some progress in attaining the MDGs in Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS) both economic and social areas. 2003­05, the Kyrgyz PRS,87 is the finalized a Progress Report in April 2004. A 87The Government approved the KCDF in May second Progress Report is expected beginning- 2001 and completed the NPRS in January 2003. It 2006. 151 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 152 Kyrgyz Republic The strategy starts addressing a and stakeholder representatives, which comprehensive set of issues which are key approved the KCDF and the NPRS, and for development within the country. The now oversees NPRS implementation. In NPRS focuses on the formation of an 2003 the CDF Secretariat organized a effective state, building a fair society, and series of national and regional fora to promoting sustainable economic growth. discuss with stakeholders progress in It identifies gender specific actions for NPRS implementation, which fed into the each of the priority areas. 2004 Progress Report. The CDF A link of the strategy to the budget is Secretariat gets regular feedback from materializing. In 2004, the Government communities through existing NGO prepared a Medium-Term Budget resource centers and meetings. The Framework for 2005-07, which focuses on working groups drafting the NPRS are the overall macro-economic and fiscal still functioning but convened less framework. Links between NPRS policy frequently. actions and annual budgets have been so Civil society organizations were far been limited to health, education, labor involved in NPRS formulation and their and social protection , and agriculture and participation in implementation is this will be progressively rolled out across continuing. At the Government's sectors. initiative, two NGOs with strong links with grass-roots organizations circulated Country ownership questionnaires and drafts of the NPRS The President launched the KCDF and the among local CSOs and collected NPRS. Coordination for NPRS comments and proposals. CBOs and preparation moved from the Ministry of grass-roots NGOs in villages and towns Finance to a CDF Secretariat within the consulted with their members and Presidential Administration, staffed with formulated proposals that were reflected civil servants and supported by external in the final strategy such as the need to consultants. NPRS implementation is improve social infrastructure and coordinated by the CDF Secretariat. strengthen participation and accountability at the local level. NGOs also prepared a Stakeholders' participation in NPRS Matrix on Partnership and Participation, formulation materialized through a mix of which became part of the NPRS. existing participatory mechanisms and Representatives of NGOs, academia and specially convened roundtables and think-tanks based in the capital working groups. Local government participated in the working groups institutions consulted on the NPRS with drafting the NPRS. Civil society stakeholders through traditional village representatives participate in the National assemblies and ad hoc roundtables. CDF Council. Twenty-three working groups comprised of government and stakeholder The private sector has been involved representatives drafted the NPRS. in NPRS formulation and some work has been done to involve it in dialogue during Action is being taken to put in place a implementation. Micro and small sustainable structure for continuous businesses participated in consultations government ­ stakeholder dialogue. There organized by CBOs and local is a National CDF Council, chaired by the governments. Individual businessmen President and composed of government based in the capital participated in the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 153 Kyrgyz Republic working groups drafting the NPRS. Country-led partnership Private sector representatives have There is diffuse responsibility for established a regular dialogue with the development assistance coordination, Deputy Prime Minister responsible for which is conducted by different Economic Development, Trade and government institutions. The CDF Investment on possible public-private Secretariat within the Presidential partnerships. Private sector Administration, the Prime Minister's representatives participate in the National Office, the Ministry of Finance, and the CDF Council. Ministry of Economic Development all Parliamentary involvement is have major roles for different parts of strengthening. Individual parliamentarians development assistance programs. The and parliamentary officials took part in NPRS has, however, strengthened the working groups drafting the NPRS. awareness of the need for a stronger and The Committee on Budget and Policy of more proactive government role. There the House of National Representatives are joint Government/external Partners organized a public hearing on financing Thematic groups on governance, energy, the NPRS at the regional level. The and health. A 2002 CG meeting discussed Speakers of the two Parliamentary the draft NPRS. It was held for the first Chambers participate in the National CDF time in the Kyrgyz Republic and co- Council. chaired by the Government and the World Capacity at the central and local level Bank. A November 2004 CG meeting was is developing. Central government again held in Bishkek and co-chaired by capacity to plan and implement policies the Government and the World Bank. and programs is hampered by duplication The CG assessed NPRS implementation and overlapping of functions between (including future actions for its different ministries and between different implementation), and achievements in units, departments and agencies under good governance, anti-corruption, and individual ministries. Since a reform harmonization, and looked at future steps launched in 1996 local executive bodies in to meet the objectives identified in the villages or groups of villages own and run KCDF. schools and hospitals, and prepare four- Given the Government's diffuse year social and economic development responsibility for development assistance plans. Increased responsibilities are not coordination, external partners are always matched by sufficient resources strengthening development assistance and capacity for implementation. The coordination through a Donors Government has launched a Village Coordination Council (DCC) as well as a Investment Project to support community number of ad hoc or more formalized driven initiatives through existing sectoral coordination mechanisms. Community Development and Investment External partners hired and are jointly Agency. First year implementation results funding a Coordination Specialist who show significantly increased mobilization acts as a Secretariat for the DCC and of citizens in community development. manages a website with updated Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 154 Kyrgyz Republic information on external partners' performance indicators by 2007. activities.88 Switzerland is supporting social security External partners' assistance through the government's budget. The strategies are aligned with the NPRS. The World Bank envisages a move toward five major external partners are the USA, programmatic support with other external the World Bank, ADB, the IMF, and partners, including a series of PRSCs. Japan, accounting for approximately 77 DFID and Switzerland are participating in percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. The EU the preparation of a PRSC and planning to and the UK also play an active role. ODA support the PRSC program through accounted for 11.8 percent of GNI in technical assistance and budget support 2003.89 ADB, DFID, EC, UNDP and the co-financing. ADB provides budget World Bank have prepared assistance support through a corporate governance strategies in line with NPRS priorities. and enterprise program. Virtually all the active external partners SWAps in the health and social and other international agencies consider protection sectors are being discussed the NPRS when formulating their with possible support from the World development assistance programs of Bank, WHO, Switzerland, DFID, USAID. development assistance. For the water sector the Government is Some work is being done toward developing sub-sectoral strategies external establishing partnerships in external partners could start coalescing around. financial and analytical support. ADB and the World Bank, and DFID and Analytical work is being conducted in the World Bank are undertaking joint partnership with national institutions and missions for the health, education, and stakeholders and multiple development governance sectors. ADB, the World assistance agencies. ADB and UNDP Bank, and EBRD conducted a joint conducted sector studies in partnership assessment of financial reporting and with local think-tanks, and the World auditing. In 2003 ADB and the World Bank and the National Statistics Bank conducted a joint portfolio review. Committee jointly prepared a poverty In 2004 a joint portfolio review was assessment, which fed into the NPRS. The undertaken by the Islamic Development World Bank, in close collaboration with Bank, KfW, ADB and the World Bank. the Government and other external However, external partners are still partners, is planning to launch a series of channeling their support primarily through programmatic public expenditure reviews projects and rely on Project to provide analytical basis for Implementation Units outside government strengthening public resource structures. management. The NPRS identifies critical areas for External partners are moving toward capacity building, and external partners budget support. The EC is providing started coordinating capacity development budget support through a food security in the health and governance sectors, program, which is expected to shift from where coordination is stronger. Also policy conditionality to result-based DFID is supporting capacity building for data collection and statistics. The EC is 88 strengthening the CDF Secretariat's http://www.donors.kg/ 89 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at capacity for coordinating and monitoring http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/59/24418103.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 155 Kyrgyz Republic NPRS implementation. However, support ADB program is managed by a Country for capacity building remains fragmented. Director based in Bishkek. Government commitment to Results focus harmonization is supporting a move toward using country systems. The The quality and availability of poverty- Kyrgyz Republic is a pilot country under related data is improving. Household the 2003 Rome Declaration on survey data on unemployment and labor Harmonization. In November 2004 the market conditions are not collected and Government adopted an Action Plan analyzed on a regular basis, weakening identifying procurement, financial the analysis of the impact of management, and project management macroeconomic policies, sectoral policies, and implementation as harmonization and social policies on the evolution of priorities. It chairs a steering committee poverty. In 2003 the National Statistics and a working group that includes Committee started an integrated budget representatives from development and manpower household survey, assistance agencies, to support including labor market and unemployment harmonization in procurement, financial trends. Since 2004 the National Statistics management and auditing. The Committee has shifted to extended Government, ADB and the World Bank household budget surveys. The have agreed on a common set of Government has completed a national procurement documents. ADB and the statistical development strategy with the World Bank have harmonized the support of a multi-donor Trust Fund for procurement procedures and bidding Statistical Capacity Building managed by documents used in the country. They are the World Bank. An integrated financial moving toward harmonizing these management system is not yet in place. procedures and bidding documents with Availability of information on the Kyrgyz public procurement law and Government policies is improving. The are developing an implementation action NPRS Progress Report and regular plan. updates on progress in implementation are A number of development assistance posted on a dedicated government agencies have started strengthening their website.90 Information on budget presence in the country to better expenditures is publicily available and participate in daily decision making. Since published in the quarterly Financial and 2001, the World Bank program is Economic Bulletin. The Ministry of managed by a Country Director based in Justice has developed a public database of Kazakhstan and a Country Office in Kyrgyz laws and regulatory documents. Bishkek. In 2003 the EC and DFID A country-level M&E system has been established a stronger presence in the designedandissupportedbyanumberofexternal country. The EC program is coordinated partners, but it is not yet fully functioning. Some by project managers based in the country, progress has been made in identifying who are responsible for the whole intermediate indicators linked to the MDGs. The program cycle. USAID has two offices in key elements of the M&E system have been the country - Bishkek and Osh - and has postedonthewebsiteoftheCDFSecretariat. substantially decentralized strategic planning to its Country Mission. The 90http://www.cdf.gov.kg/en. LAO PDR Long-term holistic vision Lao PDR ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action has been taken to develop a long- Long-Term Holistic Vision term vision that reflects broad agreement within the country and constitutes a reference point for policymakers. It was introduced in 1996 - at the Sixth Congress Country- Country of the People's Revolutionary Party - led Ownership Partnership when Lao PDR identified sustained growth with equity as the main instrument to exit the group of Low Income Countries by 2020. In 2001, the Seventh Results Focus Party Congress stressed again poverty Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments eradication by 2020 as one of the for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Government's goals, and the 1996 and therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for 2001 Party Congress guidelines were that axis. eventually incorporated in a National Long-Term Development Framework Agricultural Development Master Plan (NDF). have been prepared, and others, including The Government is taking steps to the Action Plan for Rural Roads and Road create effective links between its long- Infrastructure, and the Education Action term vision and medium-term strategies Plan, are under preparation. for its implementation. Every five years, The NGPES strives towards targets the Government formulates a that are more ambitious than the MDGs, constitutionally required National Socio- for example its goal to eradicate mass Economic Development Plan (NSEDP), poverty by 2010. The three pillars of the aimed at addressing development NGPES aim at: 1) fostering economic priorities, including poverty alleviation. growth with equity; 2) developing and The National Growth and Poverty modernizing social and economic Eradication Strategy (NGPES), Lao infrastructure; and 3) enhancing human PDR's PRS, builds on the 2001-05 resource development. The NGPES also NSEDP.91 Focusing on successive efforts addresses cross-cutting issues such as to achieve the goal of poverty eradication private sector development and the by 2020, the NGPES translates the NDF business environment, regional development objectives for 2005, 2010, integration, gender equality, and natural and 2020 into an operational format, and resource management. includes a set The Government is taking initial of sectoral action matrices through steps to develop links between a MTEF 2010. The Government is planning to and the NGPES. The budget is not incorporate NGPES policies into the traditionally a policy instrument; however, NSEDP for 2006-10. Some sectoral the Ministry of Finance has defined an action plans such as the Integrated expenditure framework through a FY04- 06 MTEF. The Government plans to 91The NGPES was finalized in June 2004. 156 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 157 Lao PDR prepare sectoral MTEFs - including in the cross-sectoral issues, and in December education sector - to help focus 2002 it held national consultative expenditures on priority areas identified in workshops with the poorest districts and the NGPES. The Ministry of Finance has provinces to identify poverty issues and plans to update the MTEF and sector suitable policy responses. In March and expenditure programs annually and it has April 2003, the Prime Minister chaired the prepared a Public Expenditure First National Poverty Conference to Management Strengthening Program, assess progress, discuss future needs, and which prioritizes and sequences the define further guidelines. Government's initiatives taking into Few steps have been taken to involve account NGPES implementation civil society in policy formulation. requirements. National NGOs are not legally permitted Country ownership to operate, but the role of civil society is slowly expanding. National planning for The Committee for Planning and poverty reduction is supported by an Investment - chaired by the Deputy Prime extensive network of mass organizations - Minister - is in charge of preparation and such as the Lao Women's Union; Lao implementation of the NGPES. A Youth Organization; the Lao Front for National Steering Committee is National Reconstruction; and the Lao responsible for overall coordination of Federation of Trade Unions - which NGPES implementation; the Government carried out an important part of the has also selected ten pilot districts with participatory activities for NGPES implementation coordinated by local formulation at the grassroots level. The authorities. A Technical Working Government did request international Committee, headed by the Director NGOs and Universities to offer feedback General of the Department of General on the draft IPRS which preceded the Planning is working on NGPES NGPES, and it included them in the April operationalization. Line ministries were 2003 consultative meetings held for the involved in NGPES preparation through formulation of the NGPES. participation in the Steering Committee and they provided inputs on their specific Private sector participation in policy sectors. The National Statistical Office is formulation and implementation is tasked with poverty M&E, and the marginal and limited to the consultative Government has also established a workshops. The private sector was Taskforce to monitor the progress involved in NGPES formulation, through achieved towards the MDGs, which the April 2003 talks. complements NGPES monitoring. Parliamentary involvement is largely Stakeholder participation in strategy developed. The National Assembly formulation and implementation is approved the NGPES in February 2004. limited. The Government followed a The Government, however, did not Participation Action Plan, through which involve the National Assembly in NGPES it developed a participatory consultation formulation until October 2003, when it process to involve civil society at various organized a four-day workshop for levels in NGPES formulation. Since parliamentarians. The Constitution March 2001, the Government organized requires the National Assembly to several consultations on sectoral and approve the strategic plans of socio- Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 158 Lao PDR economic development and it gives it policy dialogue, and agreeing on common responsibility for approving the annual sector strategies. budget proposals submitted by the External partners have taken action to Government. The executive has plans to align their assistance strategies with involve the National Assembly more country objectives. The five major intensely in strategy formulation and external partners are Japan, ADB, the budget preparation. World Bank, Sweden, and France, Capacity is limited in most areas, accounting for approximately 82 percent including macroeconomic management, of gross ODA in 2002-03. Australia is and policy formulation and also active. ODA accounted for 16.1 implementation. Administrative capacity percent of GNI in 2003.92 France is is lacking both at the central and aligning its Country Strategy Paper with provincial levels. Public service delivery the NGPES, and in March 2005 the World is weak, especially in the health and Bank prepared a new Country Assistance education sectors. Strategy in line with the NGPES. ADB's Country Strategy and Program Update, Country-led partnership prepared in 2004, explicitly reflects the The Department of International NGPES. This Country Strategy and Cooperation within the Ministry of Program is envisaged to be completed in Foreign Affairs has started to take the lead 2006, aiming at full alignment with the in development assistance coordination. NGPES through a three-year rolling plan The Government and UNDP jointly chair with annual updates designed to be a Round Table Meeting (RTM), whose flexible and accommodate evolving venue rotates between Geneva and development needs. JICA acknowledges Vientiane. Between February and May the significance of NGPES objectives and 2003 - prior to the last RTM held in priorities and this is reflected in its September 2003 - line ministries, external development assistance strategy. The partners, international NGOs, and other NGPES also constitutes the platform for stakeholders held a set of workshops - the 2004-08 development assistance including a mini RTM in May 2003 - to strategy adopted by SIDA in 2004, and is discuss the first draft of the NGPES. The the basis of EC assistance. Government plans to increasingly use a Partnerships in financial and number of sector meetings to enhance analytical support are starting to coordination between sectors and with materialize. The Government is preparing development assistance agencies. It hopes SWAps in health and education, and is to build on an Aid Coordination considering them in provincial and rural Mechanism established in 2004 by infrastructure and rural development and external partners, comprising eight agriculture. SIDA is supporting a working groups whereby one feasibility study on SWAps, and the development assistance agency acts as World Bank and ADB are discussing facilitator for each group. The support. In 2005, the Government and Government welcomes this initiative, but other development assistance agencies, it is not yet represented in all the groups. including the EC, Japan and the World It is gradually participating in some of the working groups, which are aimed at 92 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at exchanging information, carrying out a http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/60/1878247.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 159 Lao PDR Bank, jointly prepared a proposal for a guidelines for EU countries on local cost series of budget support operations, aimed financing, per diem, and salaries. at making monitorable progress in The Government has started realizing NGPES objectives. In 2002, the strengthening country fiduciary systems. Government, the World Bank, ADB, and It established a State Audit Organization the IMF prepared jointly an integrated and is planning to undertake financial PER/CFAA. The ADB and the AFD are audits of state-owned enterprises providing joint financing of urban consistent with international standards by development projects. 2006 and audits of the consolidated Capacity building is largely government financial statements by 2009. fragmented. Several external partners - The Ministry of Finance has approved a including UNDP, Germany, and Japan - procurement decree and internal have undertaken assessments of regulations, and is revising standard Government capacity and provide bidding documents and a procurement capacity support. However, there is no manual, providing a framework for a more overall capacity-building umbrella transparent and efficient procurement program and these assessments have not system. been linked. Capacity needs are featured Some development assistance throughout the NGPES, which, however, agencies are increasing their presence in does not articulate an integrated strategy the country to be more involved in day-to- to address capacity bottlenecks. Capacity day decision-making. The World Bank development is a key component of the Country Director is stationed in Thailand. Government's public expenditure The ADB Country Director is stationed in management strengthening program, Vientiane, and many core functions have which is being supported jointly by ADB, been decentralized to the Resident the AFD, the EC, JICA, UNDP and the Mission. JICA is promoting the World Bank. UNDP has been providing decentralization of its decision-making assistance to the National Assembly to authority from headquarters to its Laos help it carry out its legislative, and Office. The AFD program is managed by representative functions effectively, by an office in Vientiane. improving understanding and skills needed for legislative drafting; capacity Results focus for budget review; and facilitation of better public consultations. Generating reliable data is a difficult task. Between March and October 2000, the The Government places great National Statistical Center carried out a importance on harmonization; which, countrywide PPA to gain further insights however, is still at an early stage. The into people's perceptions of poverty, and - Government is taking the lead in initiating in collaboration with the World Bank, the harmonization process, requesting SIDA and ADB - it is taking measures to development assistance agencies to focus improve poverty measurement and on harmonizing procurement, financial analysis, and is undertaking a Poverty management, M&E, social and Assessment Project for the period 2004- environmental safeguards around existing 05. The National Statistical Center has not Government regulations and systems. The been given sufficient staffing and EC has started to work on common budgetary resources to undertake a Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 160 Lao PDR number of routine statistical activities, agencies; the computerized system is such as business and household surveys. being extended across central and A population and housing census is provincial governments. conducted every ten years, with the last Access to information is limited. In one taking place in 1995 and the next one May 2003 a first draft of the NGPES was scheduled for 2005. Expenditure and distributed to stakeholders in Lao PDR; Income Surveys are conducted every five however, it is not on the Government's years and the Government is currently website. The Government plans to preparing a Public Expenditure Tracking develop a communication strategy that Survey in primary health and primary increases the use of local languages in its education whose findings will feed into a dialogue on the NGPES. PER for FY06. An integrated financial management system is not yet in place, A country-level M&E system to track although some progress has been made in progress in medium-term strategy introducing computerized processing and implementation is a work in progress. A accounting systems for four central Poverty Monitoring Project is underway. LESOTHO Long-term holistic vision Lesotho ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond A long-term vision has been developed Long-Term Holistic Vision through a participatory approach. The Government launched a National Vision 2020 in June 2004, developed by a National Steering Committee. The vision Country- Country focuses on poverty reduction and aims at led Ownership Partnership achieving a stable democracy, as well as a united and prosperous nation at peace with itself and its neighbors. Well- developed human resources, a strong Results Focus economy, a well-managed environment, Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments and well-established technology feature for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would prominently. therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. A medium-term strategy for the implementation of the vision is in place. In December 2004 the Cabinet approved a education, water, food security and 2005-07 Poverty Reduction Strategy HIV/AIDS. Paper (PRSP),93 which aims at reducing The PRSP is based on eight pillars: 1) extreme poverty and promoting equity- employment creation; 2) food security; 3) based growth by ensuring synergy with infrastructure development; 4) deepening the National Vision 2020. Lesotho has a democracy, governance, safety, and national planning tradition - and prepared security; 5) access to health services; 6) a separate document to articulate National increasing human resource capacity; 7) Goals and Objectives as an interim managing and conserving the planning framework between the IPRSP environment; and 8) improving public and the completion of the PRSP. The service delivery. The PRSP also addresses National Goals and Objectives were cross-cutting challenges like HIV/AIDS, approved by the Cabinet in May 2003. An gender inequalities, and youth issues. annex to the PRSP makes the relationship The Government presented the between the PRSP and these national 2004/05 budget as part of a MTEF piloted goals explicit. The PRSP has largely for the education and health sectors, for replaced the tradition of development which Parliament voted provisional planning which continued through the budget allocations through 2006. The preparation of the Seventh National Minister of Finance and Development Development Plan for 2000/01-2002/03 Planning's Budget Speech for FY05-06 that overlapped with the IPRSP. There draws on the PRSP priorities. A PER Task are also sector strategies for health, Team and a MTEF Task Force have been established by the Government to take the lead in rolling out the MTEF. 93The PRSP has not yet been presented to the IMF and World Bank Boards. An Interim PRSP was completed in December 2000. 161 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 162 Lesotho Country ownership supported PRSP formulation and provides The Ministry of Finance and Development policy guidance and facilitates Planning - created in 2003 through the consultations across government merger of the Ministry of Finance and the institutions during implementation. The Ministry of Development Planning - is the TWG reports to the Committee of locus of initiative for the content of the Principal Secretaries, which is chaired by PRSP. In February 2000, the Government the Government Secretary. However, after established a Poverty Reduction Technical approval of the PRSP, the TWG, the Working Group (TWG) - chaired by the Thematic Groups and the Sector Working Principal Secretary of the then Ministry of Groups have rarely convened. The Development Planning - in charge of Government is establishing a Cabinet- coordinating the PRSP process. Two level Budget and Planning Committee to subgroups - Poverty Monitoring and strengthen inter-ministerial coordination Consultation - were established to deal of government policies, including PRSP with the development of a poverty implementation; the Committee is to be monitoring framework and the co-chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister development and implementation of a and the Minister of Finance and participatory consultative process Development Planning, with the Ministry respectively, and advise the TWG of Finance and Development Planning accordingly. During PRSP formulation, acting as secretariat. the TWG met on a weekly basis to The PRSP Secretariat carried out a manage PRSP development, and ensure broadly participatory process for PRSP broad participation and involvement of all formulation. Consultations for PRSP stakeholders. In October 2002 a Poverty formulation were held in 200 communities Core Group was established to provide covering all parts of the country and technical assistance to facilitate PRSP involving 20,000 people. They started in preparation, and ensure its consistency February 2001 at the village level, and and completeness. The PRSP Core Group were completed in May 2002. At the met on a weekly basis from March to June central level, the Prime Minister launched 2003. Twelve Thematic Groups ensured a Participatory National Dialogue on that cross-cutting issues were fully Poverty Reduction in February 2002, and addressed, and eleven Sector Working from June through October 2002, the Groups developed sector position papers Sector Working Groups held hearings to which were incorporated into the PRSP. improve the quality of their inputs for the These groups were chaired by the preparation of a "zero" draft of the PRSP. Principal Secretaries from the relevant The Government is planning to line ministries. continue dialogue with civil society and Action is being taken to integrate the private sector throughout PRSP PRSP coordination structures into existing implementation to renew and build on the government coordination mechanisms. connections established during PRSP The Ministry of Finance and Development preparation. For example, it is establishing Planning is responsible for coordinating a National AIDS Commission, composed PRSP implementation. A PRSP of government and stakeholder Secretariat, headed by the Director of representatives, to coordinate the fight Sectoral Programming within the Ministry against HIV/AIDS. of Finance and Development Planning, Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 163 Lesotho Civil society involvement in PRSP the Budget Speech for FY05-06 in formulation has been significant. February 2005. International NGOs and the National Capacity to formulate strategy is University of Lesotho were represented in weak. The Government has launched a the TWG during the formulation of the Public Sector Improvement and Reform IPRSP. Their representation in the TWG Program, and it is developing a and in the Sector Working Groups decentralization model to ensure a cost- expanded during PRSP preparation, which effective use of available resources and an included some trade unions, and the improvement in service delivery. Local Lesotho National Council of Women. In elections took place in April 2005. November 2000, the Lesotho Council of However, implementation of the Public Non-Governmental Organizations Sector Improvement and Reform Program established a Civil Society Poverty is still at an early stage and the Reduction Forum, which has been a key Government has not yet identified a clear instrument for PRSP consultations at both focal point to coordinate its the national and the district level. Some implementation. Planning and finance NGOs are also involved in assessment functions within the Ministry of Finance initiatives in conjunction with the and Development Planning are not yet Ministry of Local Government. fully integrated. There are some elements of greater private sector inclusion in shaping policy Country-led partnership content. The Business Network of Capacity to coordinate development Lesotho and the Lesotho Chamber of assistance is limited, but the Government Commerce and Industry have been active is taking steps to play a leadership role. in PRSP formulation. They are The Ministry of Finance and Development represented in the SWGs and in the TWG, Planning intends to create a unit which was also expanded to include the responsible for development assistance Lesotho Wool and Mohair Growers coordination and plans to hold quarterly Association, and provided inputs to the meetings with external partners to "zero" draft of the PRSP. Partnership coordinate alignment of development between the Government and the private assistance with government policies. The sector is being further fostered by the last RT meeting was held in Geneva in Poverty Core Group. 1998. Most development assistance There has been some parliamentary coordination is conducted by development involvement in PRSP formulation. In July assistance agencies. UNDP often brings and November 2001, the Government together external partners through formal held two separate briefing sessions to and informal in-country meetings. discuss the PRSP with the Senate and the Member countries of the EU meet on a National Assembly respectively. A monthly basis, sometimes with parliamentary sub-committee endorsed the Government involvement. There are draft PRSP. The Parliament is not informal coordination meetings chaired by required by the Constitution to approve line ministries to coordinate external development plans. However, it examines partner support for health and education. and approves the budget, and an executive External partners are largely planning summary of the PRSP was presented to to align their development assistance Parliament as a background document to Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 164 Lesotho strategies with the PRSP. The five major sector capacity development. The World external partners are the World Bank, the Bank is also considering supporting the EU, Ireland, the IMF, and the AfDB, Program. Work is ongoing to align accounting for approximately 75 percent existing and planned external partner of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA commitments with this program and to set accounted for 5.9 percent of GNI in up and seek approval for the institutional 2003.94 Lesotho has been eligible for mechanisms for its implementation. MCA funds since 2004. The Government Little action has been taken by submitted a final proposal for MCA external partners to harmonize their funding in March 2005, which will policies and procedures around country support an infrastructure project systems. Despite several discussions on consistent with PRSP objectives and harmonization, progress has been limited. aimed at providing water for industrial and residential use. In 2002 DCI approved Some development assistance a new Country Strategy Paper in concert agencies are increasing their presence in with the Government - with plans to the country to better participate in daily support the PRSP. In 2005 the World decision-making. The DCI program is Bank launched a revision of its Country managed by an office in Maseru. GTZ Assistance Strategy to align it with the maintains a strong presence in Lesotho PRSP. GTZ revised its strategy to align it with daily intensive interactions. The EC with the IPRSP. UNDP designed its has a fully-staffed Delegation in Maseru. Country Cooperation Framework 2002-04 Most UN Agencies have a strong presence in response to the Government's in the country and a Regional Service engagement in pro-poor policies and in Center has been opened in South Africa. the PRSP process, and its 2005-07 The World Bank Country Director is Country Program for Development is based in South Africa, with a Liason aligned with the PRSP. Office in Maseru which has been strengthened. The USAID program is Strong sector strategies in education managed by the US Embassy in Lesotho; and health are paving the way for possible technical assistance is provided through SWAps. A water strategy is under regional offices in South Africa and development and there are discussions to Botswana. develop a water SWAp. Analytical work is still largely done by individual external Results focus partners. A multi-year public expenditure review is under preparation jointly by the Efforts are underway to improve data Government and the World Bank. quality, on the basis of a national statistical development strategy developed There is an effort to reduce by the Government, with the support of a fragmentation in capacity building multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical support. The Public Sector Improvement Capacity Building, managed by the World and Reform Program, developed by the Bank. The Bureau of Statistics directed a Government with the support of DFID, Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire, the EC, GTZ and DCI, could become a and it conducted a full survey in June basis for stronger coordination of public 2002. In September 2002, it also initiated a Household Budget Survey to establish 94 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at the poverty line. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/63/38/1878276.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 165 Lesotho There has been some media coverage A country-level M&E system is of the PRSP process. In December 2001 under development, not yet linked to the the Government Secretary, the Principal Institutional Capacity Building Program Secretary of the then Minsitry of Finance for Poverty Monitoring in Lesotho - and the Principal Secretary of the then initiated by the Government and UNDP in Ministry of Development Planning 2002 to build a poverty monitoring system participated in a phone-in nationwide for reporting on progress toward the program at Radio Lesotho to brief the MDGs. Between July 2003 and June nation about the PRSP process and 2004, the TWG established a series of key respond to questions. However, the flow performance indicators, baselines and of information through the press is very targets for 2006-07, which will be used to limited, and the PRSP is not available on monitor PRSP implementation. the Government's website. LIBERIA The only West-African country never to Liberia ­ 2005 have had formal colonial status, Liberia CDF Assessment Diamond experienced more than a century of Long-Term Holistic Vision relative stability and economic growth fostered by timber and maritime revenues, under the control of the descendants of American freed-slaves. Tensions between Country- Country the ruling elite and the indigenous led Ownership Partnership population erupted in 1980 when a coup led by indigenous members of the armed forces overthrew the government and established a military regime. Since then Results Focus on-off civil war has ravaged the country Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments until a peace agreement was signed in for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would 1996 in Abuja, under the aegis of therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for ECOWAS and the UN, providing for that axis. disarmament of all warring factions and preparation for elections. In 1997 Charles program for former combatants at the end Taylor was elected president, failing of 2004. Elections are planned for October however to bring peace and stability to the 2005. The security situation remains country. Under increased pressure from volatile. the armed opposition and UN sanctions for his support for the civil war in Long-term holistic vision neighboring Sierra Leone, Taylor fled the Preparation of a long-term vision is at an country in 2003. early stage. The NTGL has started A Comprehensive Peace Agreement consultations with national stakeholders was signed in Accra in August 2003 and external partners for the preparation providing for the establishment of a of a ten-year MDG Plan to integrate the National Transitional Government of MDGs into a comprehensive development Liberia (NTGL), to address the most framework through 2015. urgent short-term needs and prepare for The NTGL prepared a Results- elections. The NTGL is composed of Focused Transition Framework (RFTF) as representatives of the former warring the overarching transition strategy for groups, political parties and civil society 2004-05. The NTGL, with the support of organizations. There is also a National the UN Development Group and the Transitional Legislative Assembly, World Bank, has conducted a revision of composed of representatives of the former the RFTF to take into account changing warring factions, political parties, one needs and guide implementation through representative from each of the fifteen March 2006.95 To address longer-term counties, interest groups and civil society. A UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) is overseeing the peace process, 95 The RFTF was adopted by the NTGL in and completed a disarmament February 2004. The NTGL completed a RFTF Progress Review Report in September 2004 and a revised RFTF in April 2005. 166 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 167 Liberia institutional and reconstruction issues, the economic, social and cross-cutting issues. revised RFTF envisions the preparation of The RFTF completed in 2004 pivoted a participatory Interim Poverty Reduction around 10 clusters: security (including Strategy for 2006-07, and two full Poverty peacekeeping and armed forces Reduction Strategies for 2008-11 and restructuring); disarmament, 2012-15 as the medium-term strategies for demobilization, rehabilitation and the implementation of the envisaged reintegration of ex-combatants; refugees MDG Plan. Sector actions plans guide and internally displaced persons; implementation of RFTF priorities and governance, democratic development and objectives and preliminarily identify rule of law; elections; basic services; policies and programs beyond 2005. The restoration of productive capacity and Ministry of Health and Social Welfare has livelihoods; infrastructure; economic launched the preparation of a Master policy and development strategy; Health Plan. With the support of UNDP, it coordinated implementation. It started completed a National HIV/AIDS Strategy addressing gender, HIV/AIDS, for 2004-07, integrated into the revised environment, human rights and support RFTF and building on an existing for the development of the media. It National HIV/AIDS Strategy for 2001-04. includes a results matrix with expected The Ministry of Education has developed outcomes on a 6, 12, 18 and 24-month an Education for All Action Plan as well timeframe. The revised RFTF streamlines as national policies for primary and higher the 10 clusters to strengthen synergies and education. It is planning to revise a ten- integrate cross-cutting issues into 6 year Master Plan for Education, revised clusters: security; governance, developed by the Government with the democratic development and rule of law; support of UNESCO in 2000 but never elections; social development and implemented due to renewed hostilities, to community revitalization; infrastructure; guide education policies through 2015. economic management, development With UN support, the Ministry of Gender strategy and coordination. While the completed a National Plan of Action on RFTF completed in 2004 did not include Gender. humanitarian assistance, the revised RFTF The revised RFTF includes national presents an Integrated RFTF MDG targets for health, education, Humanitarian Appeal, thus incorporating poverty, food security, the environment, all needs and priorities for the country's education, gender equality, HIV/AIDS transition from relief to development. and malaria. In 2004 the NTGL completed The RFTF identifies financial needs a MDG Report, with funding from UNDP for each of the clusters. However, critical and technical support from the UN sectors have not yet been fully funded. Country Teams, USAID and the EC; the The NTGL completed the budget for MDG Report identifies restoration of FY04-05 in September 2004. The budget productive capacities and peace building allocates 52 percent of resources for as key national objectives to create an personnel and 15 percent for security, enabling environment for achieving the with limited allocations for RFTF priority MDGs. areas like healthcare, education, water and The RFTF provides a strong basis for roads. It does not yet include important a comprehensive approach to post-conflict sources of off-budget expenditure such as reconstruction, addressing political, maritime revenues. Expenditures are Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 168 Liberia authorized in an ad hoc fashion, with A RIMCO Support Office within the limited transparency. Some work has been Ministry of Planning and Economic done to strengthen public expenditure Affairs is staffed with two civil servants management. Revenue collection has been and supported by an international adviser; centralized in the Ministry of Finance and a Liberian is being recruited for the financial and management audits have position of Director. There are 6 RFTF been conducted in key revenue generating Working Clusters - one for each of the agencies - the Bureau of Maritime Affairs, RFTF clusters ­ replacing the original 10 the Forestry Development Program, the Working Clusters, chaired by line National Port Authority, the Petroleum ministries and composed of external Refinery and the Roberts International partner and stakeholder representatives, to Airport. However, revenue collection is a coordinate and monitor implementation of challenge and most revenues do not reach cluster-level activities. The RFTF the budget. Working Clusters' chairs include the ministries responsible for implementation Country ownership and are creating some basis for External partners have been involved interministerial coordination at the directly and intensely in the preparation of sectoral level. For example, the RFTF the RFTF. The Chairman and senior Working Cluster on Infrastructure is members of the NTGL participated in a chaired by the Ministry of Public Works Joint Needs Assessment undertaken by the and co-chaired by the Ministry of Rural UN Development Group and the World Development and the World Bank. Bank in November/December 2003, and Consultations for RFTF formulation contributed to the design of the RFTF. were conducted among members of the Sector teams composed of external partner National Transitional Legislative representatives and NTGL officials Assembly, the former warring factions, prepared thematic reports for each of the representatives of the political parties and original 10 clusters, identifying immediate CSOs, involving approximately 200 needs and priority areas, which formed the Liberians (total population was estimated basis of the RFTF. at 3,390,000 in 2004). However, given the There is a RFTF Implementation and difficult security situation, limited Monitoring Committee (RIMCO), which consultations were held in the 15 counties oversees RFTF implementation and and 65 districts during the preparation of revision. RIMCO is chaired by the the RFTF. Chairman of the NTGL, co-chaired by the Stakeholder participation is World Bank and the Deputy Special strengthening during RFTF Representative of the UN Secretary implementation and revision. The General, with the Minister of Planning improved security situation has allowed and Economic Affairs acting as Secretary. for more extensive consultations during The Minister of Planning and Economic RFTF revision. In March 2005, three one- Affairs also participates in the NTGL-UN- day regional stakeholder meetings were ECOWAS Coordination Mechanism on held in Tubmanburg, Gbarnga and Harper. Liberia, established in September 2004 to The regional meetings were followed by a oversee implementation of the 2003 two-day national stakeholder workshop in Comprehensive Peace Agreement. Monrovia. Participation structures are being established in areas that were Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 169 Liberia previously difficult to reach. Seventeen ministries have insufficient resources to District Development Committees have plan and manage programs and projects. been established in three counties to Local governments lack human and support development initiatives at the financial resources. A viable system for district level and mobilize local paying civil servant salaries at the local communities. level is not yet in place, thus thwarting the CSOs, CBOs, women and youth return of doctors, teachers and civil organizations, mayors, chiefs, county employees to the counties. The judiciary superintendents, development has been undermined by years of superintendents and district corruption and neglect for the rule of law. commissioners participated in the regional Country-led partnership stakeholder meetings for RFTF revision. Major concerns expressed by stakeholders External partners have played a at the regional level, including the need substantial role in coordinating for clean water and power generation, development assistance. They have roads and access to health facilities, have facilitated coordination, especially in the shaped the priorities identified in the early phases of post-conflict revised RFTF. The Bar Association, reconstruction. In February 2004 the political parties and the religious USA, the UN and the World Bank co- community participated in the national hosted an International Reconstruction stakeholder workshop for RFTF revision. Conference in New York. The World Women's groups provided inputs for the Bank and the UN co-hosted a RFTF preparation of the National Plan of Action Review Meeting in Washington in on Gender. Civil society organizations September 2004, and a Conference to participate in the RFTF Working Clusters. discuss the revised RFTF in Copenhagen in May 2005. Private sector representation is fragmented. Business associations have RFTF implementation and revision is not yet taken hold and the involvement of providing a basis for strengthening the private sector in RFTF implementation government leadership of development and revision has been limited. assistance coordination. The RIMCO Support Office is now responsible for The National Transitional Legislative external partner coordination. In addition, Assembly participated in the national at the sectoral level RFTF Working stakeholder workshop for RFTF revision. Clusters are strengthening the NTGL According to the 2003 Comprehensive coordinating role. For example, the RFTF Peace Agreement, the National Working Cluster on Infrastructure meets Transitional Legislative Assembly is weekly under government leadership and mandated to approve all polices and includes all multilateral development programs of the NTGL as well as the assistance agencies, the NGOs working in budget. It approved the budget for FY04- the sector as well as the civil and military 05. Representatives of the National arm of UNMIL; sub-groups on water, Transitional Legislative Assembly power and roads host technical-level participate in the RFTF Working Clusters. discussions. Civil war and political instability Some public-private partnerships are have substantially eroded capacity for emerging during RFTF implementation. planning and implementation. Line Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 170 Liberia For example, local NGOs and CBOs are The RFTF identifies capacity involved in the construction of wells and development activities for local water facilities. government, health, education, economic External partners are aligning their policy and development strategy, and assistance with the RFTF. The major external partners are coordinating many of external partners are the USA, the EU, their activities in these areas. A technical UNHCR, the Netherlands, the World assistance plan for strengthening planning Food Program and France, accounting for capacity for the education sector has been approximately 78 percent of gross developed by the Ministry of Education ODA/OA in 2002-03. Sweden and the and UNICEF, in line with the RFTF. The World Bank also play an active role. ODA EC, USAID and UNMIL jointly support accounted for 28.3 percent of GNI in capacity development for the National 2003.96 The EC, France, the Netherlands, Electoral Commission. The US and the Sweden, USAID, UNHCR, the World World Bank have supported capacity Food Program and the World Bank development for public expenditure support the implementation of the RFTF. management through advisors integrated Some external partners maintain support into the structures of the Ministry of for programs and projects outside the Finance. The UN, the EC, the World RFTF. Bank, the IMF, the US and ECOWAS are jointly preparing an economic governance Partnerships in providing external action plan to strengthen capacity for financial and analytical support are economic reform, aligned with the RFTF. emerging. In 2003 the UN Development Group jointly conducted a Joint Needs While harmonization with country Assessment, which saw also the systems has not yet started, some work involvement of the IMF, the USA, the EC, has been done to strengthen fiduciary ECOWAS, the African Union, France, systems. The NTGL completed a draft Ireland, Japan, Sweden and the UK. For a Procurement Manual. It established a number of RFTF clusters, external Commission for Contracts and partners are jointly supporting projects Monopolies to streamline public and programs. For example, USAID, the procurement and developed Interim World Bank and UNDP finance the Procurement Procedures. An Executive RIMCO Support Office. The WHO, Order issued in November 2004 requires UNICEF, UNFPA and UNDP are that all government institutions apply the supporting the preparation of the National Interim Procurement Procedures. HIV/AIDS Strategy. UNMIL and USAID However, evidence of compliance is are supporting road rehabilitation. UNDP limited. Corruption is pervasive. The and the World Bank jointly conducted a NTGL has started addressing this issue Rapid Social Assessment to inform the and established a Task Force on design of community-driven development Corruption. Some project implementation projects. However, development units are being integrated into ministerial assistance is mainly channeled outside the structures. However, external partners government budget, mainly through stand- retain direct responsibility, in most cases, alone projects. for project implementation. Some external partners are moving 96 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at toward strengthening their presence in the http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/63/39/1878285.gif country to better participate in day-to-day Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 171 Liberia decision making. The UN agencies and establishment of a Cash Management USAID have a strong presence in the Committee within the Ministry of country. The World Bank program is Finance, to monitor monthly expenditures. managed by a Country Director based in Some work is being done to Ghana and a Liaison Office in Monrovia, strengthen access to development which is being strengthened. Germany has information. With the support of external opened a representation in the country, partners, national and local media are and the IMF is planning to appoint a playing an active role in informing the Resident Representative. public on development activities. For Results focus example, local radios covered discussions for the preparation of the Rapid Social Some elements exist to improve data Assessment. The NTGL disseminated the quality and availability. A data collection revised RFTF, which is posted on a needs assessment was conducted by a dedicated website. Access to the website, UNDP-led team of national and however, is restricted through the use of a international consultants in 2002. Based password. on the needs assessment, in June 2004 the National Transitional Legislative M&E is conducted through multiple Assembly enacted legislation providing systems and institutions. RFTF for the establishment of a National Bureau implementation is monitored by the of Statistics. The NTGL also prepared RIMCO Support Office, which receives proposals for conducting living condition Activity Tracking Sheets from each of the surveys. Efforts to establish an integrated RFTF Working Clusters. External partners financial management system are at an also support M&E systems for stand-alone early stage. A cash management system is projects. being developed through the MADAGASCAR Long-term holistic vision Madagascar ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond A long-term vision is embedded in the Long-Term Holistic Vision Document de Stratégie pour la Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSRP), Madagascar's PRS,97 which has a ten-year horizon and is widely considered as the national Country- Country led framework for long-term development. Ownership Partnership Madagascar Naturellement - which constitutes one of the pillars of the Politique Générale de l'Etat 2005 adopted Results Focus by the Council of Ministers and the Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments President of the Republic in late 2004 - for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all contains a long-term vision through 2015 criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would focused on strengthening rural and therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. industrial development, and protecting the environment. Its priorities are likely to be reflected in the updated version of the The DSRP also addresses gender DSRP for 2005-06. In the 1990s the inequalities and environmental issues. The Ministry of Economy, Finance and Government has prepared sector strategies Budget (MEFB) had undertaken a in rural development, infrastructure, National Long Term Perspective Study in health, education, private sector collaboration with the UNDP African development, and governance, which are Futures Institute. in line with the DSRP. It is also preparing national programs for the various sectors. The DSRP builds on the 1999 medium-term Stratégie National de Lutte The Government is making efforts to Contre la Pauvreté which was never link the DSRP with the budget. In 2004 finalized. It incorporates a medium-term the Government established a program strategy through 2006. It is subject to budget and it adopted a public expenditure annual updates and has been refined on management reform - the Priority Action the basis of the Politique Générale de Plan - aimed at allocating resources in l'Etat 2005. It makes explicit references to priority sectors. A limited degree of the MDGs, striving towards even more alignment of the budget with DSRP ambitious targets such as halving poverty priorities is materializing in the education by 2013. Three strategic pillars underpin and transport sectors. Budget allocations the DSRP: 1) improving governance; 2) to key sectors for DSRP implementation promoting broad-based economic growth; such as decentralization, agriculture, and and 3) providing human and material security. the judiciary are not yet in line with DSRP priorities. Country ownership The MEFB is the locus of initiative for the 97The DSRP was completed in July 2003. A first DSRP, and takes a leading role in setting Progress Report was finalized in July 2004, and a broad strategic directions. At the second one is expected mid-2005. 172 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 173 Madagascar beginning of 2000, the Government Civil society participation in the created a Cellule Technique - chaired by DSRP process has increased over time. the Prime Minister - in charge of leading DSRP consultations include significant the DSRP process and coordinating participation of women. Academics and consultations. The Government also local councilors are represented in the formed a Secretariat Technique de Cellule Technique and NGOs are l'Ajustement (STA) to assist the Cellule represented in the STA and in the six Technique in the DSRP process. The thematic working groups. They Cellule Technique also ensures participated in the national, technical, and organization and coordination of technical regional workshops organized by the monitoring activities with the Government; and in 2001 several CSOs collaboration of ministries and other formed a DSRP Monitoring Group whose stakeholders. In the fall of 2000 the activities, however, were discontinued Government appointed six thematic after the 2002 political and economic working groups responsible for drafting crisis caused by a presidential election sector strategies. dispute. The DSRP is the result of a Private sector involvement in policy participatory process on a regional and formulation and implementation is national scale. In September and becoming stronger, fueled by a Public- November 2000, in November 2001, and Private Partnership that has enhanced March 2003, the Government organized dialogue through the creation of a several national workshops for DSRP committee to support the launch of private formulation, with more than 500 enterprises, the Comité d'Appui au participants each. It also organized several Pilotage de l'Entreprise. The private thematic workshops between February sector is also represented in the Cellule and August 2001 - as well as in November Technique, in the STA, and in the six 2002. At the end of 2001 it held regional thematic working groups, and it workshops in the six main provinces to participated in the national, technical, and discuss a first draft of the DSRP. regional formulation workshops. The The Government is also consulting Government calls periodically all stakeholders during DSRP employers associations to discuss implementation. The STA has put in place development policy, focusing particularly a participatory M&E system, and it on private sector development. ensures organization and coordination of Parliamentary involvement is largely technical monitoring activities through developed, but has been stronger in participatory workshops held in each formulation than during implementation. provincial capital every 6 months, and The DSRP was discussed and approved quarterly thematic workshops to monitor by the National Assembly in July 2003 - sector achievements. Between January based on a Constitutional clause that and June 2004 the Cellule Technique, the requires the law to determine the policies STA, and several ministries held a series and goals of State action in economic of thematic and regional workshops to areas - and some members of the receive feedback on the impact of policy Parliament are represented in the Cellule measures, and to discuss an Intermediate Technique. The National Assembly is also DSRP Progress Report covering the first required by the Constitution to approve six months of implementation. the annual budget. Progress Reports are Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 174 Madagascar sent to the National Assembly for External partners are strongly information and efforts are undertaken to supporting the DSRP, and they are enhance Paliament's role in the DSRP working with the Government to align during its implementation. their development assistance strategies The Government suffers from with it. The five major external partners capacity constraints. However, strategic are the World Bank, France, the EU, the planning capacity is more effective than USA and Germany, accounting for implementation capacity. The approximately 90 percent of gross ODA establishment of a high council against in 2002-03. The IMF is also active. ODA corruption, the Conseil Supérieur de Lutte accounted for 10 percent of GNI in Contre la Corruption, in July 2003, the 2003.98 Madagascar was included among creation of the Bureau Independent de the countries eligible for MCC assistance Lutte contre la Corruption in September in 2005 and the signing of a Compact in 2004 and several laws reflect important line with the DSRP is scheduled for April efforts to improve governance. Several 2005. The FY04-06 World Bank Country decrees are also being developed to move Assistance Strategy is specifically towards decentralization. designed to support the implementation of the DSRP, and it puts emphasis on Country-led partnership analytical work to support its goals. The EC 2002-07 Country Strategy Paper is The Government is increasingly taking a also supportive of the DSRP process, as is leadership role in development assistance the USAID FY03-08 Integrated Strategic coordination, primarily through its efforts Plan. The AFD is also aligning its to lead dialogue on a common policy development assistance with DSRP framework for budget support, although objectives. coordination is largely still managed by external partners. The Government is Development assistance agencies are taking less of a role in coordinating sector increasingly supporting the DSRP through assistance, where the World Bank often partnership approaches. The World Bank takes the lead, with UNDP also highly is providing a series of PRSCs since July involved. Different external partners 2004 together with the AfDB and the EC rotate in chairing sectoral level groups, based on the policy framework being and monthly meetings are being re- developed by the Government. An established after they were discontinued environment and transport SWAp is during the 2002 political and economic functioning well, and the Government is crisis. Development assistance agencies also developing SWAps, supported by are finalizing a Partnership Agreement many of the main development assistance with the Government. agencies, in the education, health, water, and agriculture sectors. Some analytical The private sector is emerging as key work is being done through partnerships. to support DSRP implementation. The For example, the World Bank completed a Public-Private Partnership that is CFAA with the participation of the EC, enhancing dialogue between the IMF and AfDB. Joint supervision Government and the private sector has led to private management of key public enterprises. 98 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/57/1901327.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 175 Madagascar missions helped to bring Madagascar to including the ongoing Enquête the HIPC completion point. Permanente des Ménages, which updates Some elements of coordinated poverty estimates. In 2004 it completed a capacity-building support are Demographic and Health Survey, as well materializing. The Government has as a household and commune based prepared a comprehensive governance survey in 75 localities to identify more program primarily in public financial precisely the factors of poverty. The management, to implement the INSTAT is also in charge of conducting conclusions of the CFAA and the CPAR, the General Census of the Population and and also to support anticorruption efforts, the Habitat, and validating DSRP legal and judicial reform and monitoring indicators. and evaluation activities. UNDP, the EC, The DSRP has a high degree of the AFD, GTZ and USAID are coalescing public visibility. The Government held around this strategy. Other capacity- regional information sessions and building support is still largely awareness campaigns on the DSRP, the fragmented. process was extensively discussed in the Harmonization with country systems papers, and the final DSRP - as well as the and procedures is still in its infancy. The Progress Report - was distributed widely Government is taking steps to address across the country. The DSRP - which harmonization in the context of the was drafted in French and English - and Environmental Program, and the 2004 the Progress Report are also available on Priority Action Plan foresees the adoption the STA website since June 2003.99 The of a new Country Procurement Code. The Government has plans to develop a DSRP environment SWAp is also leading to communication plan. unified M&E in the environment sector. A DSRP country-level M&E system Action has been taken to develop is embedded into existing M&E systems. appropriate partnership structures. Many The DSRP includes key baseline development assistance agencies have indicators and targets which provide a taken steps to increase their presence in benchmark for subsequent reviews. It also the country and to delegate decision includes sector-specific monitoring making locally in order to participate indicators to measure progress toward actively in day-to-day dialogue. For achieving the MDGs. During the DSRP example, the World Bank Country refinement, on the basis of the Politique Director is stationed in Antananarivo. The Générale de l'Etat 2005, the Government AFD program is managed by an office in introduced an annual results-based framework Antanarivo. The USAID decision-making with a clear set of indicators in line with process is highly decentralized. Madagascar Naturellement. The baseline for 2003 and targets until 2006 permit a review Results focus within the existing monitoring and evaluation capacity of the Government. The Government is taking action to improve the quality of data collection and analysis, but its capacity to collect and analyze data is limited. The National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) is completing various studies and surveys - 99http://www.simicro.mg/sta/ MALAWI Long-term holistic vision Malawi ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The long-term vision is captured in Vision Long-Term Holistic Vision 2020: National Long-term Development Perspective for Malawi, prepared by the Government with assistance from UNDP and the World Bank. The medium-term Country- Country led strategy is the Malawi Poverty Reduction Ownership Partnership Strategy Paper (MPRSP) for 2002-05, which was derived from the long-term vision.100 The MPRSP is widely recognized as the only national Results Focus development strategy. The Government Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all continues to work with individual criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would ministries to realign their strategies with therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for the MPRSP. So far, only a few ministries, that axis. for example the health ministry, have fully aligned their policies with the MPRSP. Attempts to implement a MTEF have been hindered by underlying weaknesses Many of the targets and priorities of in budget preparation, execution and the MPRSP are relevant to attaining the reporting processes. Although the link MDGs. However, there has been little between the budget and the MPRSP effort to provide closer links to the MDGs remains weak, the Government has made through tangible policy actions in the progress in shifting resources towards MPRSP. The MPRSP rests on four priority pro-poor activities in line with the strategic pillars: sustainable pro-poor MPRSP. However, MTEF projections growth, human capital development, included in the MPRSP provided no improving the quality of life of the most alternatives in case of external shocks or vulnerable, and good governance. These economic downturns, and the allocation of pillars are balanced by a focus on cross- pro-poor funds has therefore been cutting issues like HIV/AIDS, gender, the substantially lower than called for in the environment, and science and technology. MPRSP. There continue to be Systematic efforts are underway to discrepancies between approved budgets mainstream HIV/AIDS into ongoing and actual expenditures. sector strategies. While this effort has led to improvements, the mainstreaming Country ownership progress has been slow in other cross- Leadership in developing policy content at cutting issues. all levels of government was consolidated through a Ministerial Committee, which led MPRSP formulation and was 100 Vision 2020: National Long-term responsible for providing political Development Perspective for Malawi was direction and policy guidance. A National completed in 1999. The MPRSP was completed in April 2002. A first Progress Report was Steering Committee of Principal completed in October 2003. A second Progress Secretaries managed MPRSP preparation Report is expected in mid-2005. 176 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 177 Malawi overall. Preparation was overseen by the array of stakeholders were held in all 27 MPRSP Technical Committee, led by the districts over a period of 15 months. Ministry of Finance, with officials from The MPRSP, in its formulation and the Ministry of Economic Planning and implementation stages, has seen the Development and the Reserve Bank of involvement of key societal stakeholders Malawi. The final MPRSP drafting team including government officials, NGO comprised members of the government representatives, religious leaders, Technical Committee, and comments community elders, and academics. The from all stakeholders were solicited at MPRSP drafting team included various stages and fed into subsequent representatives from civil society. drafts. The final draft went to the Consultations for MPRSP formulation and Principal Secretaries and the Cabinet for for Progress Report preparation were review. The MPRSP official launch attended by local NGOs, traditional ceremony in April 2002 was attended by leaders, political party leaders, trade the President of Malawi, parliamentarians unions, and ordinary citizens. Civil and government officials. society leaders attended the official The Ministry of Economic Planning MPRSP launch ceremony in April 2002. and Development coordinates MPRSP Academics, NGOs and religious monitoring, and chairs the MPRSP organizations, participated in the various Monitoring and Evaluation Committee, Thematic Working Groups, including the which was formed after the launch of the PPMWG. CSO representatives are MPRSP. Thematic Working Groups were members of the MPRSP Monitoring and set up to evaluate the various areas of Evaluation Committee, and the implementation. A Poverty Profile and Government is piloting with community- Monitoring Working Group (PPMWG) based expenditure tracking. provides recommendations for the M&E The private sector participated in Committee and assists in the identification MPRSP formulation and follow-up, but is of medium-term indicators. The first under-represented, with only the Malawi Progress Report, covering the first six Confederation of Chambers of Commerce months of implementation, was finalized and Industry (MCCCI) participating in the in October 2003, following consultations. taxation thematic working group. The Progress Report was revised to cover Because the private sector felt that the the whole of FY02-03 in the spring of MPRSP did not adequately address their 2004. Consultations for the revised concerns, they subsequently assisted the Progress Report were inclusive, although Department of Economic Planning in they were largely limited to the capital, formulating the National Growth Strategy Lilongwe. A similar process has been set for Malawi in 2003, which focuses on up to prepare the second Progress Report, constraints to private sector development. covering implementation during FY03-04. Members of Parliament were The preparation phase of the MPRSP involved in MPRSP consultations, and a involved soliciting contributions from 19 separate workshop was held for thematic working groups and conducting Parliament in October 2001. broad bottom-up consultations. The Parliamentary approval of a national working groups were composed of development strategy is not required by relevant government officials and other the Constitution. The parliamentary stakeholders. Consultations with a wide Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 178 Malawi Budget Committee signed a Memorandum Government Gender Group, a Health of Understanding in 2003 with the Malawi Sector Group, an HIV/AIDS Technical Economic Justice Network, an umbrella Working Group, a Group on Financial and NGO, to support the Budget Committee Economic Management, and a Water and and its research department through Sanitation Group. Some of the independent budget analysis. coordination groups, like the Donor Capacity for planning, and Committee on Food Security and particularly implementation, is low mainly Agriculture, have predominantly external due to the public sector's inability to partner membership, with Government retain highly skilled and qualified participants invited from time to time. professionals. Decentralization is a key The last CG meeting was held in objective of the strategy for consolidating Lilongwe in 2000, and the next CG democracy and implementing poverty meeting is planned for 2005. reduction activities, but progress is The Government expects civil society limited. The preparatory process for and the private sector to play a large role devolution is now complete, and of the ten in MPRSP implementation, particularly in ministries that were planned for phase one the provision of basic services. This is of devolution, seven have prepared Sector already a fact in the health sector, where Devolution Plans with associated financial over one third of health facilities are budgets. As elsewhere in the public provided by an NGO ­ Christian Health sector, weak administrative capacity at the Association of Malawi. This public- Department of Local Government private partnership is formally recognized headquarters and at district levels is a in the framework of a Health Sector serious challenge to the implementation of SWAp, and is expected to deepen in the the Decentralization Policy. coming years. Private participation in education is less substantial, and the Country-led partnership framework for public-private partnership Coordination of external development is not well developed. assistance is fragmented. The Ministry of Many of Malawi's external partners Finance, through its Debt and Aid specifically support the PRSP through Management Division, is responsible for their country strategies. The five major coordination of external assistance, and external partners are the UK, the World chairs monthly Aid Coordination Bank, the EU, the USA and Japan, meetings to discuss priority development accounting for approximately 76 percent issues and exchange views on the of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA Government's programs. The MPRSP accounted for 29.5 percent of GNI in Monitoring and Evaluation Committee 2003.101 DFID's Country Assistance Plan also has responsibilities related to 2003-06 supports MPRSP objectives, and development assistance coordination. The the World Bank's Country Assistance Government co-chairs a number of Strategy FY04-06 is similarly aligned development assistance coordination with the major thematic pillars of the groups along thematic lines or at the MPRSP. The EC has also aligned its sectoral level, including participants from assistance with the MPRSP and has relevant line or central ministries. The more active groups meet on a monthly 101 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at basis. For example, there is a Donor- http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/20/1882063.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 179 Malawi disseminated its Country Strategy Paper External support for capacity- for 2001-07. In 2005 Malawi was building has been generally provided selected to apply for a Threshold Program, through isolated interventions, rather than managed by the MCC and USAID, to help through a coordinated framework. countries work toward MCA eligibility. External partners have a strong focus on USAID's Country Strategic Plan FY01-05 enhancing good governance and makes no direct reference to the MPRSP promoting transparency. Discussions as a framework for assistance, but its around the possible financial and assistance has similar goals. economic management SWAp are helping Some partnerships are consolidating to overcome the fragmented approach to around joint initiatives for financial and capacity-building in this area. In the analytical support. The EC, Norway, health sector, coordinated efforts are Sweden and the UK jointly provide a underway to support an emergency human small share of their assistance through resource program, in view of the critical budget support and have established a capacity weaknesses in that sector. Common Approach to Budget Support Government support for (CABS) group. External partners are harmonization with country systems has supporting SWAps in health and increased, but mostly at the sectoral level. HIV/AIDS, where thematic groups are The Government has indicated that it among the strongest, as well as wishes to be more proactive in promoting developing SWAps in education, use of harmonized mechanisms, whether agriculture, justice and financial and through SWAps and pooled accounts or economic management. In 2003, the first through budget support. The Government SWAp arrangement was agreed to support passed new legislation in 2003 which the fight against HIV/AIDS. CIDA, reformed the framework for public DFID, NORAD, SIDA and the World finance, public audit, and public Bank are pooling funds with the procurement, and is now implementing Government to support the SWAp. AfDB, these reforms throughout the public CDC, the GF and UNDP support it sector. through parallel financing arrangements. Many of the largest partners are USAID provides technical assistance decentralizing decision-making to their through it. Agreement on a health SWAp local offices. The World Bank has a has been reached in support of a common Country Office with the Country Director plan for the sector over the next six years. based in Washington. Most other DFID, NORAD and the World Bank are development assistance agencies like pooling funds with the Government to DFID, USAID, the EC, NORAD and support the SWAp. JICA, USAID, CIDA, CIDA are decentralized.The program of the EC, CIDA and some UN agencies also SIDA, which does not have a presence in support it through parallel financing the country, is managed through the arrangements. The Education Sector NORAD office. SWAp is in the initial phase of implementation, but with relatively fewer Results focus partners compared to the health SWAp. A joint CFAA was completed in 2002 with Capacity for gathering data on poverty the Strategic Partnership for Africa. and expenditures is weak. The National Statistics Office carried out the most Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 180 Malawi recent census in 1998, and the most recent tracking Priority Poverty Expenditures national household survey is also from (PPEs) of line ministries has been 1997-98. A new national household achieved through electronic means, and survey is underway and the data should these figures are being published in local become available in mid-2005; plans are newspapers and the government's website underway to prepare a Poverty on a quarterly basis. The media ran a Assessment based on this data. The radio campaign prior to the launch of the Government adopted a national statistical MPRSP, and the Malawi Economic development strategy, with the support of Justice Network continues to disseminate a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical information on the MPRSP through the Capacity Building, managed by the World radio, newspapers, and training programs. Bank. The government is in the process The MPRSP Monitoring and of piloting an integrated financial Evaluation Committee developed a management system, but progress has monitoring framework Master Plan for the been slow. MPRSP, which was approved by the Dissemination of MPRSP Cabinet and launched in November 2004. information is strong as the result of It builds upon existing M&E systems consistent efforts by the Government and within line ministries. The Master Plan other stakeholders. The MPRSP and also refines the indicators set out in the related materials are readily available on MPRSP. the Government's website.102 Progress in 102http://www.finance.malawi.gov.mw/PRSPpub. htm MALI Long-term holistic vision Mali ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action has been taken to develop a long- Long-Term Holistic Vision term vision to guide policymakers across the political spectrum. "Mali 2025: National Perspective Study" details Mali's long-term vision, and was created by the Country- Country led Government with technical support from Ownership Partnership UNDP. The Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté (CSLP) for 2002-06, Mali's PRS, was adopted as the sole Results Focus medium-term strategy, which incorporates Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments the main pillars for development of the for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all long-term vision and integrates various criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would sector strategies.103 therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. Targets within the CSLP were set in reference to the MDGs. However, limited The Government is taking action to capacity and a low starting base of 64 link the CSLP to the budget. A MTEF - percent poverty, led the government to which is in place since 2003 and is scale back on some of the MDGs and set updated on a yearly basis - provides a realistic targets tailored to country three-year forecast of expenditures by circumstances. The CSLP addresses a sector for all the line ministries. The broad set of priorities. A central element Macroeconomic Framework provides key of the CSLP is the need to overcome macroeconomic targets, such as growth institutional and macroeconomic rates and inflation rates, and constraints, for example limited capacity corresponding macroeconomic projections of local administrations. The CSLP rests which underlie the MTEF and the budget. on a pre-requisite pillar of macro- However, these various instruments are economic objectives, and three additional not always consistent. The Government pillars: 1) institutional development and intends to strengthen the consistency of improved governance and participation, 2) these planning instruments, to ensure human development and strengthening the greater transparency of sectoral access to basic social services, and 3) allocations and execution of public development of infrastructure and support expenditures. Two key ministries for for key productive sectors. The CSLP poverty reduction ­ Education and Health emphasizes a move from sector to multi- ­ are fully engaged in the medium-term sector, cross-cutting approaches in areas planning process through their sectoral like education and HIV/AIDS. MTEFs. The Ministries of Equipment and Transport, of Agriculture and of Animal Husbandry and Fishing are in the process of preparing their first sectoral MTEF. 103The CSLP was completed in May 2002. A first Progress Report was completed in April 2004. A second Progress Report is expected mid-2005. 181 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 182 Mali Country ownership Committee, the Policy Committee and The Ministry of Economy and Finance thematic groups. Moreover, stakeholders and the Prime Minister coordinated CSLP engage in dialogue with the Government formulation through six formalized through the Economic and Social Council, participation mechanisms: 1) The a pre-established consultative institution. National Technical Committee (NTC) was Civil society participated in CSLP formed by the MEF to oversee formulation. Seven members of civil consultations and implementation of the society from employers' organizations, CSLP, as well as to facilitate the unions, agricultural organizations, and integration of sector agencies; 2) The NGOs are part of the Policy Committee. NTC hosts thirteen thematic working CSOs are also involved in the Steering groups, each chaired by a ministerial Committee. Lastly, civil society was department, and has plans to start nine involved in CSLP formulation regional groups; 3) A Policy Committee consultations through the Economic, consists of nine ministers and is chaired Social and Cultural Council, which had an by the Prime Minister; 4) The Mali- advisory role to the Parliament. Development Partners Joint Committee of The private sector was modestly government representatives and external involved in consultations for CSLP partners was set up to evaluate the formulation, and the Government has outcomes of the consultations; and 5) The increased its efforts to deepen the private Steering Committee is made up of the sector's inclusion during implementation. chairmen of the thematic groups and other The Government is clarifying the mandate stakeholders. of, and strengthening intermediation The sixth mechanism is the Technical institutions like the Private Sector Secretariat, which is represented by the Moderator and the National Investment National Planning and Development Promotion Center (CNPI). The Department (NPDD) under the Ministry Government is increasing its dialogue of Planning; the Secretariat is in charge of with the private sector by reinforcing the CSLP implementation. The CSLP Cadre de concertation Etat/Secteur privé. Coordination Unit within the Secretariat is In addition, the private sector participates the agency responsible for coordinating in the thematic groups and assisted in the M&E. The CSLP Progress Report was preparation of the preliminary draft of the prepared on the basis of the preliminary Progress Report. The Economic and reports of the thematic groups, and Social Council also has large finalized by the NPDD. representation from the private sector. The Government has taken action to The National Assembly had some set up permanent structures for involvement in CSLP formulation, and stakeholder participation. During CSLP formally approved the strategy, even and Progress Report formulation, the though the Constitution does not require Ministry of Economy and Finance led the National Assembly to approve a broad consultations nationally and national development plan. Parliament regionally through seminars, workshops was involved in the seminars and and videoconferences. Stakeholders workshops organized by the government provide direct input to policymakers at different stages of CSLP formulation. through representation in the Steering Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 183 Mali Capacity is a major obstacle for confirmed their commitment to the CSLP. ministries and local authorities, The World Bank's FY04-06 Country particularly due to insufficient leadership Assistance Strategy draws directly from at top political levels. Although the CSLP, as do the EC's 2003-07 decentralization is a main objective of the Country Strategy Paper and UNDP's CSLP, it is only in the preliminary stages 2003-07 strategy. USAID's FY03-12 and hinders CSLP implementation in Country Strategic Plan stresses its priority sectors. alignment with the CSLP, particularly in the health and education sectors. In 2004 Country-led partnership the AFD revised its program of activities The Government consistently leads efforts to align it with the CSLP. Mali has been to coordinate external development eligible to receive MCA funds since 2004, assistance. The Minister of Economy and and a MCA proposal is being developed Finance chairs meetings of the Mali- in line with the CSLP. The Arab Bank for Development Partners Joint Committee Economic Development in Africa, the and external partners also meet separately Islamic Development Bank, the AfDB, on a monthly basis. Since 1999, the and the West African Development Bank Government has been making an effort to aligned their strategies to the CSLP. put in place a joint institutional Partnership has gone forward mechanism to coordinate all incoming between the Government and external development assistance. At the sector partners as they deepen their practice of level, the Ministry of Education leads joint financial work. The Government has coordination efforts with external partners prepared SWAps in the two sectors with through thematic working groups, and the most developed sector strategies, chairs a joint monitoring and evaluation health (PRODESS) and education mission of education programs twice a (PRODEC). Budget support is provided year. The Ministry of Health is taking its by the Netherlands, SIDA and the EC in first steps towards the development of a an uncoordinated manner, and France and similar coordination mechanism for its CIDA are taking it into consideration. At 2005 programs. The Government chairs the macro level, a working group is in RT discussions, whose location alternates place to prepare a Memorandum of between Geneva and Bamako. The last Understanding of common budgetary RT took place in Geneva in March 2004. support to the CSLP. This initiative is The CSLP has decisively brought expected to be effective in 2006. external partners' strategies in alignment While most partners support capacity around a common framework. The five building and a capacity building strategy major external partners are the World is implicit in the CSLP, efforts are still Bank, France, the EU, the USA and the fragmented. Netherlands, accounting for approximately 75 percent of gross ODA SWAps are leading to harmonization in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 12.7 of indicators used by external partners percent of GNI in 2003.104 During the RT with those of the country, and harmonized meeting in March 2004, external partners M&E systems. Harmonization with country systems is envisioned in the health and education sectors. External 104 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at partners are taking advantage of the http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/22/1882081.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 184 Mali preparation of the second phases of these The Government has made limited two sectoral programs to better harmonize progress as regards diffusion of economic their support with national procedures. and social information. The CSLP External partners are already making use Coordination Unit, under the Ministry of of national M&E systems in the two Economy and Finance, is in charge of SWAps. publishing and distributing monitoring Appropriate partnership structures are reports to regions, NGOs, thematic groups materializing as major external partners and external partners, as well as increase their presence in the country. coordinating with the media. The World Bank has a Country Office in Dissemination is poor, however, and Bamako, with the Country Director based seldom reaches ministry officials or the in Washington. The AFD program is public. A quarterly note on budgetary managed by an office in Bamako. Other execution is published through a website; external partners are starting to however, the CSLP and the Progress decentralize their decision-making to their Report are not translated into local country offices. languages and are not published online by the Government. Results focus A country-level M&E system is in Availability and quality of data are place, and is strong at the sector level. limited. A statistical system is in place, However, poor coordination results in but is generally weak as a result of duplication of efforts. The Observatory of insufficient coordination between line Sustainable Human Development, under ministries and parallel monitoring the Ministry of Social Development, systems. The National Statistics Solidarity and Older Persons, is Department is in charge of data collection conducting evaluations of CSLP along with the statistics departments of implementation and monitoring line ministries. Efforts are underway to performance indicators. A National implement a comprehensive statistical Workshop was held in July 2004 to capacity program developed in 2002. The review CSLP indicators at the macro and NSD undertook a Malian Survey of the sectoral levels, and produced a Poverty Evaluation, which became consensual list of indicators which is now available in 2003. available. MAURITANIA Long-term holistic vision Mauritania ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Long-Term Holistic Vision Pauvreté (CSLP) for 2001-04, Mauritania'a PRS, embeds a preliminary long-term strategic vision through 2015, with ambitious targets for poverty Country- Country reduction and growth.105 led In 2005, a Ownership Partnership reflection on National Long Term Perspective Studies will be launched and is expected to refine the country's long- term vision. The CSLP is the single Results Focus ongoing medium-term strategy. An Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all updated CSLP for 2005-08 is under criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would preparation with an expected completion therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for date in mid-2005, and with explicit links that axis. to the revised long-term vision. have resulted in a substantial reorientation Efforts have been made to tie the of public expenditures towards priority CSLP's goals more closely to the MDGs. sectors - urban development, education, In February 2003, the Government health, and water supply - in line with the launched a revision of their public policy CSLP. The Government prepared a global with regard to the MDGs, and revised MTEF for 2004-06, which was used for their goals to account for realistic and the elaboration of the 2004 Budget Law, country-specific circumstances, as well as new sectoral MTEFs in particularly macro-economic shocks. As transportation infrastructure, rural a result of this exercise, the updated CSLP development, fisheries and energy, in an should demonstrate stronger links effort to prioritize expenditures consistent between the MDGs, and its objectives and with the CSLP. A global MTEF for 2005- indicators. The CSLP presents a balanced 07 has been launched but not yet finalized approach to poverty reduction in its and integrated into the 2005 Budget Law. considerations of thematic and sector Due to low absorptive capacity, projected issues like education, health, costs for CSLP programs have tended to infrastructure, private sector and rural exceed expenditures, particularly for the development, and also an emphasis on health and education sectors, although in cross-cutting issues like gender and 2003 the execution rate of CSLP planned HIV/AIDS. expenditure reached 82 percent. A link between the CSLP and the budget has taken hold. Sectoral MTEFs Country ownership Support and initiative for the content of the CSLP comes directly from the highest 105 The CSLP was finalized on December 13, levels of Government, including the 2000. The first and second Progress Reports were completed in March 2002 and June 2003, President and the Prime Minister. The respectively. The third Progress Report is expected Prime Minister chaired an Inter- end-2005. 185 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 186 Mauritania ministerial Poverty Reduction Committee, d'Orientation for poverty reduction. under the Ministry of Economic Affairs Parliament passed legislation for CSLP and Development (MAED), to lead implementation through Regional Poverty consultations for CSLP formulation. The Reduction Programs for each of thirteen Government also formed a Technical wilayas, or provinces. Mauritania's Committee, a Donors Committee, and a Constitution requires that Parliament Consultative Committee. The approve the objectives of the economic Commissioner for Human Rights, Poverty and social actions of the state. Reduction and Insertion (CDHLCPI) is There is some capacity for policy the coordinating agency for CSLP formulation at the central level. Capacity implementation. is weak at the local level, and the Structures for stakeholder Government has stepped up its efforts at participation remain in place, although decentralization by launching the National broad participation has waned. During Good Governance Program in 2003. CSLP formulation, the MAED led Without a strong umbrella NGO, NGOs consultations through four regional and have low capacity and their poor two national workshops, and two General organization hinders their participation in Assemblies on Poverty Reduction. The CSLP implementation. CSLP-related committees, which include stakeholder representatives, regularly Country-led partnership reconvene in the first half of each year for The Government is assuming greater the preparation and consultation of CSLP leadership of development assistance Progress Reports, and are reconvening coordination. The MEAD is the sole now in the preparation and consultation of government ministry leading these efforts, the 2005-08 CSLP. and chairs several Donors Committees. Civil society is widely consulted by Thematic groups are active, but are still an the Government on matters related to the externally-driven initiative. The MEAD CSLP. The Technical Committee consists chairs CG meetings every three years in of twelve thematic groups including 94 Paris. At the last CG meeting in NGOs and 120 civil servants. Civil December 2001, the Government society takes part in the Consultative presented the CSLP to its external Committee, which also includes top partners for their support. A CG is officials, local officials, labor unions, planned for mid-2005 upon launching the lawyers' associations and the media. updated CSLP and discussions are underway to determine whether it will be The private sector took part in CSLP held in-country or in Paris. formulation consultations through employers associations' participation in Most external partners have explicitly the Consultative Committee. The aligned their strategies to CSLP programs Government is stepping up efforts to and priorities. The five major external involve the informal sector through the partners are the EU, the World Bank, Commissariat's programs that work France, Japan, and Germany, accounting directly with the poor. for approximately 73 percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. Spain is also active. Parliamentarians participated in ODA accounted for 20.3 percent of GNI consultations, and as a body, approved the CSLP in July 2001 through the Loi Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 187 Mauritania in 2003.106 The World Bank's FY03-05 The level of decentralization of Country Assistance Strategy is aligned external partners' activities differs, but with the CSLP. The EC, by far the largest action is being taken to enhance partner, supports the CSLP as elaborated partnership structures. Efforts are in its 2001-07 Country Strategy Paper. underway to strengthen the World Bank's France and Japan have aligned their Country Office, but its Country Director is assistance with the CSLP as well. based in Washington. The UNDP takes Partnerships among external partners decisions at the decentralized level. The and the Government are evidenced by EC's procedures on clearance and examples of joint analytical and financial approval rest in their headquarters in work. The Government is encouraging Brussels. The AfDB is weakly partnerships through its coordination with decentralized with all important decisions external partners in the preparation of taken at the headquarter-level. The AFD SWAps in the health and education and GTZ are well represented in sectors. The World Bank plans to move Nouakchott, from where they directly towards budget support through a series of execute their programs. PRSCs, the first of which is tentatively Results focus planned for 2005. The AfDB envisages budgetary support, perhaps in The statistical base is inadequate, and data collaboration with the World Bank, quality on poverty and expenditures should a future PRSC be prepared. Some remains a constraint which the economic and sector work has been Government is attempting to overcome. undertaken jointly by partners in Efforts are underway to strengthen the collaboration with the Government, such National Statistics Office. In 2000, the as a CFAA with collaboration from Government conducted a household AfDB, IMF, the World Bank, the EC, survey, and launched targeted surveys for UNDP, GTZ and France. the period 2003-04. A national household survey is underway and results are There is some coordination of expected by mid-2005. The Government capacity building programs, but these is currently working to strengthen its efforts are still in the early stages of management information systems, which development. External partners support rely on decentralized ministerial capacity building strategies that are capabilities. integrated within the CSLP, and draw from national strategies, such as the The Government makes an effort to National Good Governance Program, disseminate information about the CSLP which is supported by UNDP, the World and is designing a communications Bank, France and GTZ. strategy. The CSLP is publicly available on the Government's website in French, Most efforts at harmonization are English and Arabic, the official among external partners, but not yet with language.107 The Government distributed country systems. The principal the completed CSLP to NGOs and all harmonization efforts relate to preparing mayors' offices. Internet cyber forums for future budgetary support to the CSLP. were created for civil society during 106 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at 107http://www.mauritania.mr/fr/index.php?niveau http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/59/1901353.gif =3&codecateg=1&coderub=5 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 188 Mauritania consultations. The media does not often Reduction and Insertion (CDHLCPI)'s top cover the CSLP, and knowledge of the priorities. A study was completed in CSLP remains limited. November 2004 by an international Plans for a country-level M&E consultant on the design of an integrated system have been developed, but the M&E system with focus on the system is not yet in place. An integrated regionalization of the CSLP. The M&E system, based on pre-existing M&E CDHLCPI is refining CSLP indicators systems in line ministries, is one of the during the elaboration of the second 2005- Commissioner for Human Rights, Poverty 08 CSLP. MOLDOVA Long-term holistic vision Moldova ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond In 2000 the Lucinschi Government Long-Term Holistic Vision finalized a long-term vision through 2020, the National Strategy for Sustainable Development, identifying EU integration as a key long-term objective. UNDP Country- Country supported the process as part of its Global led Ownership Partnership Capacity 21 Program. Several of President Lucinschi's advisors participated in the team preparing the National Strategy for Sustainable Development. However, Results Focus participation among stakeholders outside Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments government was limited to a few for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would consultants. The newly elected Voronin therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Government did subscribe to the long- that axis. term objective of EU integration, but policy makers rarely refer to the National not part of the 2001-05 Program. The Strategy for Sustainable Development. Program still guides government policies Action has been taken to develop a for those areas like foreign policy and national development strategy. In 2001 home affairs which are not covered by the the Voronin Government formulated a EGPRSP. constitutionally-mandated Program for Elements exist to start addressing key 2001-05, known as "Revival of the issues for country development through a economy ­ Revival of the country", based sequenced approach. The EGPRSP on its electoral program, and later identifies development objectives linked completed an Economic Growth and to the MDGs, and adapted to Moldova's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper circumstances, with indicative targets for (EGPRSP), Moldova's PRS.108 The 2006, 2010 and 2015. The EGPRSP EGPRSP is the Government's focuses on three medium-term priorities: development strategy for 2004-06 and 1) sustainable and inclusive economic partially incorporates the long-term growth; 2) reduction of poverty and objectives identified in the 2001-05 inequality, and increased participation of Program. The Government also prepared the poor in economic development; and 3) sector strategies, which fed into the human resources development. It EGPRSP. EGPRSP policies and programs underscores the importance of improving represent a significant departure from the business environment as a key factor those presented in the 2001-05 to foster growth, and focuses on health Program, especially with respect to and education as priority areas to support the role of the state in the market human development. It tackles cross- economy and EU integration, which was cutting issues such as good-governance, corruption, and environmental protection. 108The Government completed the EGPRSP in May 2004. 189 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 190 Moldova The Government started of the Ministry of Economy, to coordinate implementing a MTEF in 2002, limited to EGPRSP drafting. The Inter-ministerial strategic allocations in health and Committee for Sustainable Development education for the 2003-05 budgets. The and Poverty Reduction established nine Government has started synchronizing the Sector Working Groups, composed of line budget and the MTEF with the EGPRSP. ministries' officials, local consultants and Preparation of the 2005 annual budget and stakeholders' representatives. A the MTEF 2006-08 was lengthy - from Secretariat to the Participation Council April to January - to allow for better was created in May 2003 to provide development of sectoral expenditure assistance in organizing participation policies within line ministries. An inter- activities, and administer trust funds ministerial committee led by the Ministry supporting EGPRSP formulation. of Finance and composed of deputy Mechanisms for EGPRSP ministers coordinates the preparation of implementation are being embedded into the MTEF. The medium-term macro- government structures. The Government fiscal framework is prepared jointly by the is currently establishing an Economic National Bank, the Ministry of Finance Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy and the Ministry of Economy, which takes (EGPRS) Implementation and Monitoring a lead role in EGPRSP implementation. Unit ­ based on the existing Department Country-ownership of Macroeconomics and Development Programs and the Poverty and Policy The locus of initiative for the policy Monitoring Unit in the Ministry of content of the EGPRSP lies in the Economy. Monitoring Units in each line Ministry of Economy, which played a key ministry are being created to monitor role in shaping the EGPRSP. The implementation of sectoral policies and Presidency realized the importance of integrated into the ministry's structures. having a public debate on economic and The EGPRS Implementation and social issues, and was key in mobilizing Monitoring Unit is also coordinating with other ministries and government the Department of Statistics and institutions. In 2001 the President Sociology and its Territorial Statistical established a National Council for Offices for the collection of data at the Sustainable Development and Poverty central and local level. Reduction, composed of two President's advisors, some parliamentarians, Consultations on EGPRSP government officials, and some civil formulation followed a plan approved by society representatives invited by the the Participation Council in September President, to oversee EGPRSP 2003. Consultations started with formulation. In September 2002 a roundtables on the objectives of the Participation Council was set up, process and a needs assessment. At the composed of government officials and local level, the Government organized 25 national and international stakeholders to roundtables in 23 localities, in which local ensure wide participation. At the same government officials and stakeholder time, an Inter-ministerial Committee for representatives participated. Each Sustainable Development and Poverty roundtable was dedicated to a particular Reduction, composed of government sector and collected inputs and proposals officials, was set up under the leadership on draft sector strategies presented by line ministries' representatives. At the national Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 191 Moldova level the Government organized 32 Civil society organizations have been seminars, roundtables and workshops, involved in EGPRSP formulation and are seeking inputs on the overall EGPRSP being involved in implementation framework and objectives. In April 2004 structures. NGOs, academics, trade the Government organized a National unions, and media representatives Forum to present the pre-final draft of the participated in the national and local EGPRSP to national and international consultations for EGPRSP formulation. stakeholders. The National Forum was The Participation Council selected an followed by national workshops to umbrella NGO - the Forum of Women finalize the strategy, and incorporate Organizations of the Republic of Moldova proposals and feedback submitted at the ­ to facilitate the organization of National Forum. roundtables, and workshops. Among the Action is being taken to establish a twenty members of the Participation sustainable mechanism for continuing Council, ten are representatives of CSOs. government-stakeholder dialogue. The Individual entrepreneurs took part in National Council for Sustainable national and local consultations for Development and Poverty Reduction, EGPRSP formulation. A representative of chaired by the President, continues to the Association of Domestic Producers, oversee the EGPRSP process, and one of the largest business associations, coordinate other strategic planning participated in the Participation Council, activities for social and economic policies. with however, limited impact on EGPRSP The Inter-ministerial Committee for formulation. The Foreign Investors Forum Sustainable Development and Poverty and the Small Business Association have Reduction, which is now chaired by the representatives in the renewed Prime Minister, remains the executive Participation Council. body of the National Council for Parliament has been involved in Sustainable Development and Poverty EGPRSP formulation and some Reduction. The Participation Council agreement is emerging across the political coordinates stakeholders' participation in spectrum on EGPRSP objectives. EGPRSP implementation, M&E. In Parliamentarians participated in some of response to the interest expressed by the central level activities. However, their various stakeholders, the membership of impact was limited. The opposition was the Participation Council was enlarged in also invited in the Participation Council 2004. Before presentation to Parliament, during EGPRSP formulation. However, the draft annual budget is discussed by an later in the process they declined to advisory committee under the Prime participate. In December 2004 Parliament Minister, composed of representatives of approved the EGPRSP. From the two business associations, trade unions, opposition factions in the Parliament, one professional associations, academia and voted for the EGPRSP together with the civil society. Macroeconomic forecasts ruling party (a rare circumstance) and are discussed during budget preparation in another faction abstained from voting. a forum composed of representatives of Parliament approves the budget and is the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of mandated by the Constitution to approve Finance, the National Bank, local and exercise control on external loans and governments, trade unions and employers' credits. The Ministry of Finance presents associations. to Parliament monthly summaries of Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 192 Moldova budget execution, although there is no information on on-going externally- legal requirement to do so. financed projects. The Government is Parliamentarians participate in the planning to establish an inter-ministerial National Council for Sustainable committee on project implementation, Development and Poverty Reduction. The comprised of representatives of each Chairman of the Social Protection ministry and external partners. External Committee, a member of the opposition, partners hold monthly meetings to share and the Vice Chairman of the Budget information on on-going activities and Committee, a majority member, are on the established eight thematic groups, which Participation Council. meet when a particular need emerges. Government capacity for planning Government representatives are and implementation faces significant sometimes invited to participate. The bottlenecks at the central and local level. World Bank also chairs a social protection Low salaries imply high staff turn-over, group, which meets quarterly. However, that significantly undermine government government representatives do not capacity. Local governments have been participate. A CG meeting was held in entrusted with substantial responsibilities, Paris in 1997 and was chaired by the which however have not been matched by World Bank. The Government wishes to adequate transfer of resources. The organize a CG meeting to discuss the Government strengthened the power of EGPRSP immediately after the March local governments to raise revenues. 2005 elections. However, progress in strengthening local Some external partners are aligning government's capacity to meet its their assistance with the EGPRSP. The responsibilities has been limited. five major external partners are the USA, the World Bank, the EU, the IMF and Country-led partnership Japan, accounting for approximately 82 There is diffuse government responsibility percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA for external partner coordination. The accounted for 5.1 percent of GNI in Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of 2003.109 USAID assistance for 2004-05 Economy share responsibility for focuses on private sector growth, support development assistance coordination. The for local government and civil society, Ministry of Economy is the National and safety nets for the vulnerable and the Coordinator of Technical Assistance and poor; no reference is made to the EGPRSP chairs four sectoral committees on in its 2005 Congressional Budget coordination and supervision of technical Justification, and USAID did not cooperation. In addition, the Ministry of participate in EGPRSP formulation. The Foreign Affairs is the Coordinator for EC World Bank Country Assistance Strategy Assistance. The coordination mechanism for 2005-08 focuses on interventions at is currently being revised to ensure a the local and community level and reflects better coordination of technical assistance EGSPRSP priorities; it presents a results- under the EGPRSP umbrella. The new based framework to assess outcomes system will include the participation of linked to EGPRSP priorities. EC other stakeholders, not only external but assistance to Moldova is expected to also internal partners. With EC support, the Ministry of Economy has established a 109 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at database known as IDEA, collecting http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/62/1901379.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 193 Moldova increase in the framework of the EU supporting SWAps and external partners Neighborhood Policy and the EU- mostly rely on Project Implementation Moldova Action Plan is currently being Units for project implementation. prepared, in line with the EGPRSP. The Capacity building is still fragmented. UN Common Country Assessment 2007- Since 2001 there has been a Technical 11 will focus on the national priorities set Assistance Program prepared by the out in the EGPRSP. Ministry of Economy, identifying Elements exist to move toward Government priorities for capacity stronger partnerships in external financial building, which is currently being and analytical support. Analytical work is updated. However, external assistance to being prepared jointly with the support the program has been limited in Government and multiple external scope. partners. For example, DFID and SIDA Harmonization with country systems are conducting joint analytical work in the is limited. Investment projects financed by area of social protection in cooperation foreign loans and grants are generally with the Government. UNDP, ILO, SIDA implemented through Project and DFID are jointly providing policy Implementation Units which remain advice to the Government on pro-poor outside the government structures and use policies. In 2003 the World Bank and the special accounting and reporting Government prepared a policy note on mechanisms; as of December 2004 10 health sector reform. In 2004 it conducted such Project Implementation Units a Poverty and Social Impact Analysis in existed. In 2004 a working group partnership with Agape, a local NGO, a comprised of the ILO, SIDA, UNDP and Trade Diagnostic Study and a Poverty DFID prepared a harmonization action Assessment in cooperation with plan. UN agencies are consolidating their Government and national stakeholders. assistance planning instruments around a The World Bank and the USA are Common Country Program that should conducting joint analytical work in facilitate a move toward larger use of agriculture. In 2003 the World Bank country systems. completed a CFAA in cooperation with the Government. The World Bank and the Some external partners have started EBRD jointly prepared a CPAR in decentralizing decision-making and cooperation with the Government. The management of their program. The World World Bank, the EC, and the UK are also Bank Country Director is based in collaborating with the Government to Ukraine, and the program is managed by a design more efficient fiduciary systems, Country Office in Chisinau. UNDP and including public expenditure UNICEF have strengthened their presence management, treasury, tax and customs in the country and increased national and administration, and they are going to international staff based in the country. jointly finance a Public Financial FAO, UNFPA, ILO and UNIFEM have Management Technical Assistance opened offices in the country. Project. External partners channel their assistance through projects. The EC is Results focus providing some budget support through The quality and availability of poverty- the EU Food Security Program. related data needs strengthening. Since Development assistance agencies are not 1997 the Department of Statistics and Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 194 Moldova Sociology has conducted annual local newspapers. Consultations were Household Budget Surveys and Labor covered by national and local mass media. Force Surveys, which are however based The Romanian, Russian and English on a 1997 electoral list. The Government versions of the EGPRSP are posted on a is addressing these issues. It held a dedicated government website with population census in 2004. The information on the consultation process Department of Statistics and Sociology, and the institutional framework for with the support of external partners, has implementation.110 Approved local strengthened the use of information government budgets are published in the technologies. There is a 2004-06 local press. Monthly summaries of the Government Master Plan to guide national budget execution are posted in statistical activities of all government Romanian on the government website.111 institutions. The Plan is in line with the A country-level M&E system is at an EGPRSP, but it is not yet fully funded. early stage. The EGPRSP presents a list of Access to information on approximately 140 indicators. For the Government policies is improving. The majority of them baselines are only Government produced information available for 2002. The EGPRS programs on the EGPRSP which were Implementation and Monitoring Unit is broadcast on national television. It establishing an integrated database of prepared leaflets and posters on the strategic economic and social EGPRSP in Romanian and Russian, development indicators (MDG, EGPRSP, which were circulated at workshops and EU, etc.). It has not yet been decided roundtables, and created a database with whether data collected for ECPRSP M&E about 800 electronic addresses of NGOs will be consolidated into a single report and sent regular updates via email on for EGPRSP and MDGs monitoring EGPRSP formulation. It also published embedded into national decision-making four EGPRSP bulletins in Romanian, and processes. Russian, which were circulated through 110http://www.scers.md/ 111http://moldova.md/ MONGOLIA Long-term holistic vision Mongolia ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Some work has been done toward Long-Term Holistic Vision developing a long-term vision widely agreed within the country. In 1998 the Government adopted a Mongolian Action Program for the 21st Century, known as Country- Country led MAP-21, linked to a Sustainable Ownership Partnership Development Strategy through 2021, developed with UN support. The Action Program and the Strategy were not implemented due to frequent government Results Focus changes, and policy makers rarely refer to Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all them. In February 2005 the Academy of criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Sciences and the Mongolian Development therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Institute ­ a local think-tank ­ completed that axis. a development plan through 2021, with the mining sector expected to play a lead launched in 2001 and building on a role, prepared at the initiative of the National Poverty Alleviation Program President. The plan has not yet been 1994-00, a National Program on Gender widely shared within the country. Equality, a Social Sector Development Master Plan. There are also sector There are two medium-term strategies in health, education, strategies. The Economic Growth Support environment, rural development, energy and Poverty Reduction Strategy and information and communication (EGSPRS), Mongolia's PRS,112 identifies technology. a set of polices through 2006. It is rooted in the main policy directions of the Development goals linked to the previous Government which left office in MDGs are being identified. The EGSPRS June 2004. In 2004, a Government incorporates national development goals composed of the former ruling party and linked to the MDGs, with intermediate the former opposition groups, adopted a targets for 2005. In 2004 the Government constitutionally-mandated Action Plan for prepared a national report on the status of 2005-08 and prepared Guidelines for MDG implementation, identifying Economic and Social Development for bottlenecks and policy actions to achieve 2005, also required by the Constitution as them. The revision of the EGSPRS is the annual implementation framework for strengthening the link between EGSPRS the Action Plan. The Government is now objectives and the MDGs. updating the EGSPRS. The EGSPRS The EGSPRS takes into consideration builds on a set of medium-term sector macroeconomic stability, private sector- strategies. There is a National Household led growth, and the distribution of the Livelihood Capacity Support Program, fruits of economic growth including gender and governance reform. The Government Action Plan maintains the 112The Government completed the EGSPRS in broad objectives identified in the July 2003. 195 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 196 Mongolia EGSPRS, and proposes a new social and A sustainable structure for continuing economic development policy with government stakeholder dialogue is greater emphasis on improvements in the emerging. The Poverty Research Group social sector, which is now underpinning and a national NGO ­ the Social EGSPRS revision. Development Center ­ organized seven A MTEF is under development and regional consultations to collect proposals the EGSPRS was only consistent with the for EGSPRS formulation. The Poverty macroeconomic medium-term budgetary Research Group summarized the main framework adopted in 2003. Its alignment issues that emerged during the with the budget is limited. Sector policies consultations, which fed into the work of are not yet fully linked to the budget due the ministerial working groups. to limited mutual understanding between Stakeholder representatives participated in central and line ministries on overall the ministerial working groups during strategic priorities. Some progress is being EGSPRS formulation and are being made in strengthening expenditure involved in the ministerial working groups discipline. In 2001 the Government during EGSPRS revision. In April 2004 established a Treasury Single Account the Poverty Research Group was that captures all extra budgetary integrated into the main structure of the allocations and expenditures. In 2004 Ministry of Finance and Economy to Parliament passed a Public Sector and coordinate EGSPRS implementation and Finance Management Law addressing revision. There is also a Household growing inadequacies in public sector Livelihoods Capacity Support Committee management and reasserting budget headed by the Prime Minister, established discipline. Many of the current in 2001 to oversee the implementation of expenditure and revenue policies are the National Household Livelihood being aligned with this Law. Capacity Support Program. It coordinates Household Livelihoods Capacity Support Country ownership Councils in each of the 21 aimags (provinces) and 360 soums (counties), The Ministry of Finance and Economy headed by aimag and soum governors. In took the lead in the preparation of the mid-2004 the Government established a EGSPRS. It chaired an inter-ministerial National Council for the MCA, comprised steering group supported by a technical of government officials and stakeholder committee and a UN-funded Poverty representatives, to coordinate formulation Research Group. Working groups were and implementation of Mongolia's established in each ministry and proposal for the MCA. The National Ulaanbaatar city to identify sectoral Council remained in place after the policies based on existing government change of Government and conducted strategies. Ministers and Vice-ministers extensive consultations for the MCA were responsible for coordination at the Proposal, with the support of the Asia and sectoral level. The working groups Soros Foundations. However, the relation oversee EGSPRS implementation and are of these structures with EGSPRS now conducting EGSPRS revision. Inter- structures, or their participation in ministerial coordination remains, EGSPRS revision, is not yet clearly however, an open challenge partly due to spelled out. the fragile coalition supporting the Government. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 197 Mongolia Civil society organizations hampered at the central level by participated in EGSPRS formulation and fragmentation, duplication and are being involved in EGSPRS revision. A overlapping of administrative and local think-tank - the Social Development management structures. Strategy Center - participated in all of the technical implementation is also undermined by committee meetings. It established a bottlenecks at the local level. Local working group comprised of 12 NGOs, governments deliver almost 70 percent of which helped the Poverty Research Group social services. However, they have organize the regional consultations. CSOs limited revenue autonomy, and the participated in the regional consultations allocations they receive do not always and organized independent consultations mirror local needs. with various groups to solicit inputs on the EGSPRS process. NGO groups prepared Country-led partnership reports and comments on various drafts of The EGSPRS process is strengthening the the strategy, which fed into the final Government's role in coordinating strategy. CSOs participate in the external assistance. The Ministry of ministerial working groups overseeing Finance and Economy leads coordination. EGSPRS implementation and revision. Although some attempts were made in Private sector representatives late 2004 to split the responsibility with participated in the regional consultations, the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the but the role and impact of the private Ministry of Finance and Economy, these sector was limited. Private sector attempts did not materialize. There are representatives participate in the working three informal working groups composed groups involved in updating the EGSPRS. of government officials and external partners' representatives jointly chaired Parliamentary involvement in policy- by government and external partners, to making is in place but interruptions due to coordinate support for the social sectors, political instability have weakened its infrastructure, private sector development impact on the EGSPRS. Parliamentarians and multi-sector issues, including participated in regional consultations. governance, financial management, They also took part in a roundtable procurement and EGSPRS/MDGs discussion with the Cabinet on EGSPRS implementation and monitoring. The last priorities and implementation. Since the CG outside the country took place in elections of June 2004, the involvement of Tokyo in 2003 and was co-chaired by the parliamentarians in the EGSPRS process Government and the World Bank. has been minimal, due to political Henceforth all CG meetings are expected problems over the formation of the to take place in the country. A CG is Government and the dissolution of some expected to take place in the summer of of the political groups supporting the 2005 and will be co-chaired by the Government. As required by the Government. Constitution, Parliament approved the Government Action Plan for 2005-2008, External partners' strategies are and the Guidelines for Economic and aligned with the EGSPRS. The five major Social Development for 2005. external partners are Japan, ADB, Germany, the World Bank and the USA, Government capacity for planning accounting for approximately 85 percent and implementation is significantly of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 198 Mongolia accounted for 20.8 percent of GNI in poverty assessments with ADB and 2003.113 Mongolia has been eligible for UNICEF. The World Bank launched a MCA assistance since FY04. The MCA PRSC in 2004, which could provide a proposal, completed in November 2004, solid basis for joint budget support with makes explicit reference to the EGSPRS ADB, the EC and Sweden. ADB and the and supports private sector-led growth and World Bank are coordinating their support human development in line with the in the education and transport sectors, EGSPRS and the Government Action which could lead to SWAps. They are Plan. ADB is currently updating the conducting a similar effort in the health Country Strategy Paper 2005-06 prepared sector around a master plan funded by in 2003, to align its support with EGSPRS Japan. priorities. The World Bank Country External partners are moving toward Assistance Strategy FY05-08 is aligned aligning support for capacity building in with the EGSPRS and supports a subset of line with some of the bottlenecks EGSPRS priorities. ADB and the World identified in the EGSPRS, but a coherent Bank are coordinating their portfolio capacity building strategy is not yet in reviews. USAID approved its Strategic place. The ADB and the World Bank are Plan for 2004-08 in September 2003. providing joint support for civil service Although it was approved prior to the reform, procurement and financial finalization of the EGSPRS, it is broadly management. in line with EGSPRS objectives on the acceleration and broadening of Harmonization with country systems sustainable, private sector led growth and has not yet materialized but elements exist more effective and accountable for further progress. The Government and governance. The UN Development external partners examined a Assistance Framework 2002-06 is being harmonization action plan at the 2003 CG updated to reflect ESGPRS priorities, meeting, and are now considering steps especially on governance and human for its implementation. A World Bank development. Financial Sector Adjustment Credit and ADB's Financial Sector Reform Program Partnerships in external financial and were processed concomitantly and linked analytical support are emerging. In 2003 to the government's medium-term the World Bank prepared a CPAR in financial sector reform strategy. cooperation with the Government and ADB. ADB, Germany, Japan and the A number of development assistance World Bank are jointly carrying out agencies have strengthened their presence analytical work in rural development and in the country and the region and decentralization, in partnership with the delegated project management to the field Government. The World Bank and ADB to better participate in daily decision conducted a joint assessment on gender. making and improve dialogue and The World Bank is conducting poverty cooperation. USAID and UN agencies and household surveys in close maintain a strong presence in the country. collaboration with the Government and ADB has strengthened its Resident UNDP. It is conducting participatory Mission. The World Bank program is coordinated by a Country Director based in China and a Country Office in 113 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at Ulaanbaatar. The UN system maintains a http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/4/1882335.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 199 Mongolia large in-country presence. In 2003 the A Human Resource Management World Bank solicited feedback from all Information System (HRMIS) is also development partners when preparing the being implemented with World Bank Joint Staff Assessment of the EGSPRS. assistance. Results focus Information on Government policies is easily accessible. The Government has The quality and availability of poverty- an updated website with information on related data is improving. A census was Cabinet meetings and other relevant conducted in 2000 and the Government government documents, including the conducted a Household Income and Government Action Plan.114 Information Expenditure Survey in 2002. However, on EGSPRS revision and implementation surveys and the overall functioning of the will be made available to the public National Statistics Office are hampered by through a website that is being created. insufficient funding. The Government is preparing a national statistical Development of a country-level M&E development strategy, with the support of system is at an early stage. The 2002 a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical Household Income and Expenditure Capacity Building, managed by the World Survey will serve as the baseline for Bank. A Financial Management poverty monitoring, but a full set of Information System is being implemented indicators has not yet been defined. The with the support of the World Bank. In Poverty Research Group will coordinate 2002 the Government updated its debt M&E, but the roles of line ministries, data base in line with UNCTAD Debt local governments and the National Management and Financial Analysis Statistics Office have not yet been clearly System linked it to the Bank of Mongolia's identified. The Poverty Research Group is unified system, thus improving debt developing detailed indicators for management and reporting process. integrating gender issues into monitoring EGSPRS policies. 114http://www.open- government.mn/english/phpgov/index.php?vlink=i ndexhome.php&vmenunum=100&vurl=/phpgov/i ndex.php&vlang=1 MOZAMBIQUE Long-term holistic vision Mozambique ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond A long-term vision shared by policy- Long-Term Holistic Vision makers across the political spectrum, Agenda 2025, was prepared by a civil society group, known as Committee of Advisors, through a participatory process Country- Country and with the support of UNDP and the led Ownership Partnership Carter Center. While Agenda 2025 sets broad general goals, a strategy and an action plan to achieve them are not discussed in detail. The 2001-05 Action Results Focus Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all Poverty - Plano de Acção para a Redução criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would da Pobreza Absoluta (PARPA), therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Mozambique's PRS115 - which is widely that axis. considered as the country's national development strategy - satisfies this health; 3) agriculture; 4) basic necessity through the strategy it outlines infrastructure; 5) good governance; and 6) and its operational matrix. The macroeconomic and financial Government is currently updating the management. Cross-cutting issues such as PARPA for 2006-10, expected end of gender inequality and HIV/AIDS are also 2005, and has plans to undertake PARPA addressed. Every year the Government revisions every five years, while updates prepares a constitutionally-required of the matrix are likely to be elaborated economic and social plan, the Plano annually. Económico e Social (PES) and its progress report - Balanço do Plano The PARPA is based on the Action Económico e Social- which, as of 2004, Guidelines for the Eradication of Absolute also serves as the PARPA Progress Poverty outlined by the Government in Report, and is expected to include annual 1999, on the IPRSP PARPA 2000-04, and revisions of the PARPA operational on other sectoral strategies, such as matrix. Agenda 2025, the PARPA, and the education, health, transport, water, and PES all target the MDGs. Sector roads. Promoting human development and ministries are updating sector strategies, broad-based growth is the main goal of the and the Government is integrating sector PARPA, which emphasizes the need to plans into the PES. Several pilot projects intervene in six priority areas: 1) education; 2) aimed at decentralization planning have been conducted, and Consultative Councils have approved five-year plans in 115Agenda 2025 was completed in December their respective districts. This number is 2003. The PARPA was finalized in April 2001. A expected to rise to twenty-four by 2005, PARPA Implementation Evaluation Report was and this might gradually allow for an completed in February 2003 and a Review of the incorporation of Integrated Participatory Economic and Social Plan for 2003 was finalized in March 2004. Another Progress Report is District Planning within the national expected mid-2005. planning process. 200 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 201 Mozambique The strategy is increasingly being Council of Ministers approved it, and it linked to the budget, the Orçamento do coordinates and monitors the PARPA, the Estado (OE), through a 2001-10 MTEF PES and the OE. Line ministries were known as Medium-term Fiscal Scenario. significantly involved in PARPA The MTEF is used to streamline public formulation to incorporate in it sector expenditure around the projected strategies they had previously developed. macroeconomic framework and the A participatory process was adopted overall objectives of the PARPA. Priority by the Government when formulating the spending as a share of primary PARPA. The MPF established a Government spending was 64.1 percent in Consultation Technical Unit with a 2003, and it increased even more in 2004. technical coordinator, in charge of For the first time, the 2005 draft budget facilitating contacts during PARPA assigns resources to the districts. formulation between the central Country ownership Government and stakeholders at the national, provincial, rural, urban, sectoral, Country leaders across the executive have and local community level. Consultations taken the lead in shaping the PARPA. The for the formulation of the PARPA started Ministry of Planning and Finance (MPF) at the sectoral level - as a part of the took the initiative on PARPA preparation regular consultations traditionally carried and had been is in charge of PARPA out by the Government on key sectoral updating. The President, elected in priorities - focusing mostly on health and February 2005, has substituted the MPF education. Consultations took place on a with two separate Ministries: the Ministry PARPA draft through meetings and of Finance, and the Ministry of Planning seminars held at the provincial level in and Economic Development. The April and May 2000 - as well as through National Directorate of Planning and Integrated Participatory District Planning. Budgeting in the MPF had been in charge These consultations culminated in the of PES and OE preparation, execution and holding of meetings at central level, such monitoring, in accordance with the as the National Dissemination Seminar on PARPA and the Performance Assessment the PARPA and the Provincial Poverty Framework (PAF) - a matrix of dialogue Profiles in June 2000, aimed at sharing between the Government and external conclusions and recommendations from partners providing direct budget support. the provincial dissemination seminars The MPF led an inter-ministerial taskforce with various stakeholders. - known as the Economic Council - charged with drafting the PARPA. The Limited efforts have been made to Economic Council is a smaller Council of engage stakeholders in dialogue during Ministers, which includes the most PARPA implementation. In April 2003, relevant ministers - agriculture, education, the MPF created a broader consultative health, industry and trade, women and forum for discussion and dissemination of social affairs, higher education, science the PARPA - known as Observatório de and technology, justice, public Pobreza (OP) - which gathered in April administration - the governor of the 2003 and May 2004. The OP meets once a Central Bank, and other Ministries when year - even though expectations exist that needed. The Economic Council approved it may increase its meetings to twice a the PARPA in April 2001 before the year - and aims at sharing views amongst stakeholders as well as discussing the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 202 Mozambique previous year PARPA implementation. about the links between Agenda 2025, the The OP has a specialized secretariat PARPA, PES and the OE. A foundation or which is charged with organization, but a civil society organization may be does not engage in substantive formed to keep track of these links, and discussions. Being a one-day meeting, the update Agenda 2025 regularly. OP is not an entirely efficient vehicle for The Government has taken action to participation. The Government has plans involve the private sector in policy to establish provincial observatories as formulation. Some business associations - well as sector or cross-sector groups to such as the Technical Confederation of conduct participatory discussions to be Associations (CTA), which aggregates incorporated into the annual meeting of most of the producers and traders the OP. associations - participated in the National Civil society participation has been Dissemination Seminar, and they were noticeable during PARPA formulation. represented in the sectoral seminars and Less so in the implementation phase. working meetings, as well as in the OP. NGOs, media, youth and student Parliamentary involvement is getting organizations, trade union representatives, stronger. The Assembly of the Republic and religious bodies participated in the was not involved in the initial sectoral consultations for PARPA conceptualization phase of the PARPA formulation; they were involved in the which was presented officially to the Integrated Participatory District Planning Parliament for the first time in mid-2004. and took part in the National The Assembly of the Republic endorsed Dissemination Seminar on PARPA and Agenda 2025 and the Constitution the Provincial Poverty Profiles. CSOs take requires it to approve the Economic and part in the 2003 and 2004 OP. However, Social Plan - as well as the State Budget - civil society was not consulted for the on an annual basis. The Government preparation of the 2003 and 2004 Progress prepares quarterly budget reports and Reports, the PES being developed entirely semi-annual PES - which contain PARPA by the MPF and the National Directorate monitoring information - for the of Planning and Budgeting, with Parliament. information and data being provided by sector ministries and by the MPF Capacity to formulate strategy and to provincial agencies. Civil society implement the PARPA is adequate. It is conducted a poverty reduction perception much stronger at the central level than at survey in the provinces, whose results the provincial and district levels. The show that people perceive a reduction in PARPA envisages a strengthening of the poverty, and presented it to the OP. capacity of provincial and district governments through the adoption of Party representatives, churches, appropriate legislation, participatory associations, and individuals with no district planning, and the consolidation of affiliation were represented in the Agenda the 33 municipalities. 2025 Committee of Advisors, which coordinated work done by 12 sector Country-led partnership groups. Even though the Committee of Advisors has formally ceased to exist, it The Government has taken some action has remained active after the completion toward leading development assistance of Agenda 2025 and is raising concerns coordination. Even though the Ministry of Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 203 Mozambique Foreign Affairs and International Country Assistance Plan for 2004-07. Coordination is legally in charge of Both are in line with the PARPA, as are development assistance coordination, the the World Bank FY04-07 Country MPF had been coordinating ODA through Assistance Strategy and the 2001-07 EC its coordination of the PARPA, PES, OE, Country Strategy Paper. Also the AFD has and budget support Performance aligned its development assistance Assessment Framework (PAF) processes. strategy with the objectives and priorities Specifically, the MPF had been co- identified in the PARPA, and in 2004 chairing with a rotating external partner MCC approved a Compact aligned with the Joint Reviews and Mid-Year Reviews the PARPA. held in Maputo to assess performance of Partnerships revolving around the PES, PARPA and PAF. All external financial and analytical support to the partners participate as observers. The PARPA are largely developed. The G-15 World Bank and UNDP both play a ­ also known as the Budget Support leading role. They jointly chair in-country Group, composed of Belgium, Denmark, monthly meetings of a Development the EC, Finland, France, Germany, Partners Group, which is considered the Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, highest level external partner coordination Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, body in the country. The World Bank also and the World Bank ­ provide a chairs CG meetings, which are held significant portion of their ODA through alternatively in Maputo and Paris. The the regular budget. The World Bank's most recent CG meeting was held in Paris support is channeled through a series of in October 2003. PRSC, the first of which was approved in Civil society and the private sector July 2004. Based on the PAF - a multi- are active in PARPA implementation. year matrix of 50 actions and indicators Most of the Government procurement is associated with direct assistance to the supplied by the private sector. There are budget - a Program Aid Partners many private schools and clinics in the Performance Assessment (PAPPA) countries and some NGOs are providing monitors external partners' commitments services in health, education and under a Memorandum of Understanding HIV/AIDS that are procured and paid by signed in April 2004. All the G-15 work is the Government. coordinated by a troika, composed of the Most external partners are aligning current chairing external partner, the past their development assistance strategies chair, and the following year chair, as well with the PARPA. The five major external as the World Bank and the EC. The partners are France, Italy, the World PAPPA - which is foreseen to be an Bank, the USA, and Germany, accounting annual exercise - was prepared by for approximately 73 percent of gross consultants paid by external partners, and ODA in 2002-03. The EU and the UK are its results were discussed and agreed with also active. ODA accounted for 25.2 the Government. Several sectors - percent of GNI in 2003.116 In March 2003 including health, education, roads, water USAID adopted a FY04-10 Country and agriculture - have well-established Strategic Plan and DFID adopted a sector-wide programs, with their own sector-based evaluation procedures. These SWAps are widely supported by most 116 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at external partners. France supports the http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/7/1882362.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 204 Mozambique health SWAp, and USAID supports the monitoring and evaluation systems. health and agriculture SWAps. France is harmonizing with country External partners engage increasingly procedures in the health sector. USAID is in joint analytical work. The World Bank, harmonizing with the Government's Norway, and SIDA completed a CFAA in performance monitoring system in December 2001, and a PER was HIV/AIDS and health. In March 2003 the conducted by the Government, in Government agreed to become an partnership with the World Bank, SIDA, Education for All Fast Track Initiative Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, DFID, pilot, facilitating harmonization in the Netherlands, the EC, and the IMF. The education. PER had two phases; the first one was Action has been taken to develop completed in December 2001 and covered adequate in-country partnership mainly the overall fiscal policy, main structures. The World Bank Country structural problems and ways to improve Director is stationed in Maputo, and many public finance management and other external partners have decentralized comprehensiveness. The second phase decision-making to field offices. In was completed in September 2003 and particular, the EC has granted more covered public expenditure issues in decentralization powers to its Delegation. education, health, roads and water. A Also the AFD has an office in Maputo. CPAR was completed in May 2002 and a Most decisions related to program Legal and Judicial Assessment was implementation - including procurement, finalized in 2004. Both were conducted by project design and approval, budget the Government in partnership with planning and execution, and financial external partners. management - are delegated to the USAID The Government is taking steps to Mission Director. reduce fragmentation in capacity-building Results focus efforts. The UN - in collaboration with the African Capacity Building Foundation - is Information systems are being planning to undertake a capacity needs strengthened, although they are still faced assessment to serve as a baseline for with some weaknesses. The Government future monitoring. Several external has prepared a national statistical partners, including the World Bank, are development strategy - with the support of taking measures to support capacity a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical building through a public sector reform Capacity Building, managed by the World program. Bank - aimed at improving data quality. The National Statistics Institute is Harmonization with country systems responsible for qualitative indicators is taking place, facilitated by budget surveys, household surveys - the last of support and SWAps. The public financial which was conducted in 2002/03 - PPAs, management system does not require a Rural Participatory Diagnoses, national procurement law; however, in order to accounts, and some sector statistics. Most facilitate harmonization, the Government IMF General Data Dissemination System committed in 2004 to review procurement recommendations are met in terms of data regulations. Germany is harmonizing its periodicity and timeliness. However, policies and procedures with country financial statistics from state enterprises procurement, financial management, and and local governments are not collected Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 205 Mozambique systematically. In 2001 the Government are well developed. The PARPA M&E designed an Integrated Public Financial system has been integrated into existing Management Information System Government mechanisms to avoid a (SISTAFE) to strengthen public multiplication of reports. The monitoring expenditure management, carry out and of activities and programs of the sectors record all expenditure authorizations in a involved in the PARPA is reflected in the centralized database, and produce real semi-annual and annual Balanço do PES, time fiscal statistics; however, its which is the main monitoring tool for all implementation has been delayed. Government activities, and the instrument SISTAFE was rolled out to the MPF and that reports on progress toward achieving all of its provincial directorates in the MDGs. The Government also prepares November 2004. Its implementation is quarterly budget execution reports. The expected to take place in all ministries by monitoring of the PARPA - which is the end of 2005, becoming the only being integrated into the regular system of instrument to conduct all Government quarterly and annual reports which are the financial transactions. Its rollout is basis of decision making within the expected to improve efficiency and Executive and Parliament - is focused on transparency in the use of public resources three areas: 1) sectoral results and as well as in creating a strong database on programmed activities in accordance with the MDGs. the operational matrix prepared in 2002; The Government is making some 2) budgetary execution to track the effort to make development information allocation of resources to priority sectors available publicly. The MPF hired a and all remaining budget expenditures; consultant that prepared a communication and 3) impact and welfare of households strategy, and the PARPA was published and communities through national and disseminated in Maputo and in a statistical surveys and participatory number of provinces. It was drafted in qualitative evaluations. Most sector Portuguese and then translated into Ministries have M&E systems which English, and it is available on the should be better linked to PES indicators, Government's website in Portuguese.117 and timed to provide input into the Balanço do PES. Monitoring and evaluation systems 117http://www.govmoz.gov.mz/parpa/index.htm NEPAL Long-term holistic vision Nepal ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action has been taken to develop a long- Long-Term Holistic Vision term vision providing guidance for policymakers across the political spectrum. The long-term vision was introduced as an addition to the Ninth Country- Country Five-Year Plan in 1997, with a 20-year led Ownership Partnership perspective on development and poverty reduction targets for the year 2016. The single ongoing medium-term strategy is the Tenth Plan - Poverty Reduction Results Focus Strategy Paper (PRSP) 2002-07, Nepal's Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments PRS.118 The PRSP is linked to the long- for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would term vision, and presents a strategy that therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for follows from the lessons learned from the that axis. Ninth Plan. The goals of the PRSP have been The PRSP guides the annual MTEF updated through the progress report to preparation, and this is helping to focus establish a stronger link with the MDGs. expenditures on PRSP priorities and In addition, the PRSP presents a clear list providing a basis for inter-ministerial of targets that are updated regularly. The coordination. Developed prior to PRSP strategy presents a comprehensive finalization and introduced in FY03, the approach to development by focusing on MTEF identifies priority sectors and four pillars: 1) broad-based economic resource requirements on a rolling 3-year growth, 2) social sector development, 3) basis, and divides all projects and social inclusion and targeted programs for programs into three priority groups. It the extreme poor and deprived groups, presents normal case and alternative case and 4) good governance. Cross-cutting scenarios, and links resource allocation to issues include gender, redefining the expenditure reporting and performance. State's role, including the private sector in For the first time, a 5-year plan was implementation of key activities and developed with a reasonable fiscal service delivery, promoting local framework, to force more rigorous management, and decentralization. prioritization. However, successful However, there is little mention in the implementation of the MTEF is limited to PRSP of the ongoing conflict in Nepal, few areas of the country that are not which weakens the strategy and the deeply affected by the conflict. The Government's capacity to implement it. Government is working to implement an Aid Integration Process, which will synchronize external development assistance with the annual budget 118The Tenth Plan - PRSP was completed in May formulation process. However, after the 2003. A first Progress Report was completed in political events of February 2005, many May 2004. A second Progress Report is expected external partners are reluctant to make mid-2005. 206 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 207 Nepal long-term commitments, turning the first time. Five regional consultations synchronization into an even bigger were held, and another discussion in challenge. October 2001 in collaboration with the Association of District Development Country ownership Committees of Nepal, with representatives Structures for inter-ministerial from all 75 districts. The NDC met in coordination are in place, but in practice January 2002 to review the finalized draft need strengthening. The PRSP preparation PRSP. process is well-established, in that it Civil society participated widely in largely follows the planning process put in PRSP formulation. The five regional place in 1956. The National Development consultations for preparation of the Tenth Council (NDC) is the locus of initiative Plan were attended by representatives for the PRSP and approves the from ethnic minorities, rural communities preliminary framework for the plan, the and areas, academia, NGOs and CBOs. Approach Paper. The NDC - whose vice- Two of the five consultations were held chairman has the overall leadership for the exclusively for women. Civil society, PRSP process - consists of all the namely ethnic minorities, labor unions, Ministers, Secretaries of line Ministries, academia, political parties, women, NGOs Vice Chancellors, and other stakeholders. and CBOs are members of the NDC. Responsibility for subsequent drafting goes to the National Planning The private sector, namely members Commission, in consultation with the of business associations, also participated Ministry of Finance. The National in PRSP consultations, and also forms part Planning Commission houses a Steering of the NDC. Committee for strategic leadership, and Parliamentary participation in PRSP technical committees headed by line formulation and implementation was cut ministry Secretaries, to coordinate sector short by political turmoil and its strategies and programs. During PRSP subsequent suspension. An exclusive implementation, the Government retains consultative meeting was held for the same structure, with the National parliamentarians in 2001, and Planning Commission as the head of parliamentarians from PRSP-related implementation, monitoring and committees participated in the Nepal evaluation. The Poverty Monitoring Development Forum in 2002. Subsequent Section is the body in charge of M&E discussion of the PRSP was not possible within the National Planning Commission. due to Parliament's dissolution in May Stakeholders' involvement in PRSP 2002, after which elections have not yet preparation was strong, but has weakened been held. Parliament did not approve the as the conflict has intensified since the PRSP. The constitution does not require PRSP was completed. Stakeholders are parliamentary approval for development represented at the national level through planning. the NDC, but there are no sustainable Political unrest continues to hinder structures in place at the local level to the Government's capacity for PRSP maintain constant dialogue with the implementation. The NDC has been Government. In June 2001 the unable to meet because some of its Government incorporated regional members are part of the parliamentary consultations into the planning process for opposition. Central ministries, namely the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 208 Nepal National Planning Commission and the chaired. The frequency of meetings and Ministry of Finance, have capacity for the level of activities vary. policy planning; however, implementation External partners have largely agreed suffers from ongoing civil conflict, to align their assistance under the PRSP political instability, low capacity of line framework. The five major external ministries and a slow move to partners are Japan, the World Bank, decentralize. Efforts are underway to Germany, the UK and the USA, increase capacity, especially at the local accounting for approximately 72 percent level, by decentralizing implementation of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA and monitoring responsibilities, and also accounted for 8 percent of GNI in stepping up anti-corruption efforts. Over 2003.119 Most external partners have the past three years, the Government has pledged their support to the PRSP. encouraged community-based approaches JICA's ongoing Country Program is based to development in education, drinking on the PRSP. DFID aligned its 2004-08 water, health, rural roads, rural Country Assistance Plan with the PRSP, electrification and other areas, increasing the ADB its 2005-09 Country Strategy the percentage of the total budget and Program, and the World Bank its controlled by communities from 1 percent FY04-07 Country Assistance Strategy. in FY2001 to 6 percent in FY2005. There are numerous examples of Country-led partnership partnerships resulting from joint analytical The Government is strengthening its role and financial work. A small number of in development assistance coordination. external partners that are considering The responsibility to chair the Nepal budget support have created a Reform and Development Forum (NDF) every 18-24 Development Group, with members from months has shifted from the World Bank the National Planning Commission and to the Government over the last three the Ministry of Finance. This group NDFs. The last NDF was held in May monitors closely progress in the 2004 in Kathmandu, and was chaired by implementation of reform programs and the Government. It was attended by public service delivery. Among these representatives from twenty countries, six partners, the World Bank provides budget international development assistance support through PRSCs, the first of which agencies, and UN agencies. The main was approved in November 2003. Some topics were PRSP implementation and discussions have been held on possible harmonization of external partners. At the co-financing for a second PRSC. Eleven local level, there is a two-tier external external partners support a SWAp for partner coordination mechanism. At the basic and primary education. Five of them heads of agency level, the Secretary of the (Denmark, Finland, Norway, the UK and Ministry of Finance chairs a meeting of the World Bank) provide funding through development assistance agencies in a joint financing arrangement to support Kathmandu, every other month, or more the Government budget directly. A SWAp often if required. Under the apex is also underway in health, with DFID and structure, there are twelve thematic the World Bank pooling their funds to groups. Some thematic groups are chaired provide direct budget support, and by the Government, others are chaired by an external partner, and yet others are co- 119 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/11/1882605.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 209 Nepal discussions are ongoing over a possible partners will begin to align external funds irrigation SWAp. A CFAA was conducted more closely with PRSP priorities over jointly by the Government, ADB, DFID, time. Under the Aid Integration Process, and the World Bank. the Government will provide external There is no coherent capacity partners with a list of projects and building strategy and assistance is programs on a yearly basis, in line with generally fragmented, but some external the budget process, from which external partners are beginning to undertake joint partners can choose projects for financing. initiatives. External partners support The Government is expected to present its capacity building, especially in the area of priority list in early 2005. M&E, where the Poverty Monitoring and External partners are taking action to Assessment System (PMAS) is the overall strengthen their country presence. The framework. Partnership is developing World Bank's Country Director is based around the rationalization of statistical in Kathmandu. The ADB's Country surveys, under the leadership of the Director is also based in Kathmandu, National Planning Commission. Capacity where the Resident Mission operates in a building has fallen outside of SWAps, decentralized manner. DFID, NORAD although there is an effort in the education and DANIDA are decentralizing decision- sector to bring more coherence to capacity making to their field offices, and JICA is building support, by giving the Ministry in its early stages of decentralization. of Education the lead role in defining its own needs and pooling some of the Results focus external partners' funds for technical Systems for data collection are in place, assistance under the management of the but are still fragmented. The principal Ministry itself. For PRSP implementation, data collection agency is the Central DANIDA, DFID, Norway, and the World Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Project Bank have pooled resources to support the Implementation Units within the line joint National Planning Commission- ministries also collect data, as does the Ministry of Finance's strategic newly established Poverty Monitoring communication program. Section of the National Planning Concrete efforts at harmonization are Commission. The Government is ongoing under the Government's preparing a statistical capacity building leadership. External partners have program, with the support of a multi- harmonized around the Government's donor Trust Fund for Statistical Capacity procurement rules under the SWAps in Building, managed by the World Bank. education and health and the Government The CBS carried out a Nepal Living is drafting a new procurement act, based Standards Survey (NLSS) in 2003-04, and on the CFAA recommendations. It will carry out annual Public Expenditure presented an ambitious harmonization Tracking Surveys. The Financial framework to its external partners at the Comptroller's Office has an integrated May 2004 Nepal Development Forum, financial management system. including its planned Aid Integration Information on the PRSP - including Process. The Government's goal is to the PRSP in Nepali - is publicly available bring allocation decisions on external through the National Planning assistance into the MTEF starting FY05- 06, in hopes that development assistance Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 210 Nepal Commission's website.120 Efforts are track expenditures and monitor PRSP underway to begin implementation of the performance, and produce periodic National Planning Commission's strategic progress reports for the National Planning communication program. Commission to present to the National M&E systems are beginning to yield Development Council. The PMAS is positive results in shifting the focus from expected to work in connection with inputs to outcomes. In primary education previously existing M&E systems in and health, where SWAps have Project Implementation Units and the developed, this change is quite clear. Central Monitoring Division of the Other ministries are also beginning to National Planning Commission. The develop more outcome-focused programs. Poverty Monitoring Section is in charge Previously existing M&E systems of progress reports that will also serve as continue to be used until a PRSP M&E MDG progress reports. The PRSP has system is established. In March 2004, the clear intermediate Poverty Monitoring Government and UNDP jointly designed a Indicators, and since its publication, these Poverty Monitoring and Analysis System have been refined by line ministries with (PMAS) to serve as the main M&E assistance from the National Planning system for the PRSP. The PMAS is to Commission. 120www.npc.gov.np/tenthplan/the_tenth_plan.htm NICARAGUA Long-term holistic vision Nicaragua ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action is being taken toward developing a Long-Term Holistic Vision long-term vision widely agreed within the country. The Estrategia Reforzada de Crecimiento Económico y Reducción de la Pobreza 2001-05 (ERCERP), Nicaragua's Country- Country PRS,121 was prepared under the Alemán led Ownership Partnership Government and identifies long-term development objectives through 2015. In 2003 the Bolaños Government formulated Results Focus a draft Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments (PND) as the country's long-term vision for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all through 2028, building on the ERCERP criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would and strengthening the focus of the therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. development process on the productive sectors. The PND has not yet been finalized but has already been used by the National Health Plan through 2015 in line Government as a framework for with the draft PND, and the Ministry of developing and adopting sectoral policies. Health is finalizing an Implementation Plan for 2005-09, which however does not The formulation of a national feed into the draft PNDO. The Ministry of development strategy is a work in Transport and Infrastructure prepared a progress, with the existence of more than Competitiveness Plan for 2004-06 in line one and the link of local plans with with the draft PND. There are also an national objectives still developing. In Institutional Reform Strategy 2004-07 in 2004 the Government prepared a draft line with the draft PND and a Common Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Operativo Work Program in Education. The Ministry (PNDO) as the strategy for the of the Environment is finalizing a implementation of the PND for 2005- National Plan for Environmental 2009. The Government is currently Protection, and the Ministry of revising the draft PNDO, which is Agriculture has prepared an agriculture expected to become Nicaragua's revised and forestry sector strategy and budget PRS. framework to implement the PNDO in the The Government is in the process of sector. formulating and implementing sector Departmental development strategies, and some of them are in line committees prepare five-year with the drafts of the PND and PNDO. In development plans. Municipalities also September 2004 the President launched a prepare multi- annual strategic plans and annual investment plans, on the basis of which financial resources are allocated. 121 The Alemán Government completed the However, the alignment of local ERCERP in July 2001. The Government of President Bolaños, who was Vice President with development plans with the ERCERP and the Alemán Government, prepared two Progress the draft PND remains an issue, and little Reports in November 2002 and November 2003. 211 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 212 Nicaragua attempt has been made to ensure that they the Ministry of External Affairs, reflect national priorities. responsible for the Public Investment The ERCERP links medium-term Program. The Secretariat of Coordination goals to the achievement of the MDGs, and Strategy of the Presidency coordinates and identifies annual targets through the preparation of the Public Investment 2005. The draft PND maintains social Program and manages the SNIP. long-term targets through 2015 broadly in Country ownership line with the MDGs. President Bolaños influenced the policy Strategy sequencing and balance are content of Nicaragua's development not yet clearly defined, with the relation strategy, and advocated a stronger focus between different development strategies of ERCERP implementation on economic still developing. The ERCERP builds on growth and good governance and four pillars: broad-based economic launched the PND. The Secretariat of growth, investment in human capital, Coordination and Strategy (SECEP) of the better protection of vulnerable groups, and Presidency coordinated ERCERP and good governance. It incorporates PND formulation and is responsible for decentralization and the environment as their implementation. There is an cross-cutting issues. It also addresses ERCERP Commission that meets on an gender. The draft PND focuses on ad-hoc basis and makes recommendations economic growth and identifies export- on the ERCERP Progress Reports. oriented strategic sectors in selected Involvement of line ministries is geographical areas as key to foster developing. growth. It also includes policy proposals for human capital and good governance, Action has been taken to establish a updating some of the ERCERP policy sustainable structure for continuing proposals. government ­ stakeholder dialogue. Participation in development policy The Government is planning to planning and implementation has been prepare a MTEF for 2006. In 2002 and institutionalized through a Citizen 2003 it increased spending in health, Participation Law, approved in 2003. education, housing and water, broadly in There is a constitutionally-mandated line with the priorities identified in the National Council for Social and Economic ERCERP. For the 2005 budget the Planning (CONPES), established in 1999 Government prepared an annual Public and comprised of country stakeholders, Investment Program based on 5-year that advises the President on social and projections for public investment economic policies. The Government has submitted by line ministries and launched a Program for Appropriation, departmental development committees Follow-Up and Evaluation of the through a national public investment ERCERP, known as PASE, to link system, known as SNIP. However, the national and local institutions in policy Public Investment Program has been only implementation and enhance the role of marginally modified through the local stakeholders in decision-making implementation of the ERCERP and the through the establishment of drafting the PNDO. There is a Technical Departmental Development Councils in Investment Committee composed of the all departments and regions. There is also Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank and a National Council for Sustainable Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 213 Nicaragua Development (CONADES), established in fora for the formulation of the PND. They 1997 with UNDP support and comprised accounted for twenty percent of those of government officials and stakeholders' invited, but less than half of those invited representatives, providing inputs on draft participated. laws concerning water, fisheries, mines Parliamentary involvement is limited. and forestry. CONADES meets The National Assembly is constitutionally sporadically. mandated to make recommendations on Consultations for PND formulation national economic and social plans. In built on the structures for ERCERP 2004 the National Assembly established a implementation. SECEP and CONADES special commission for monitoring the organized regional fora in each ERCERP. However, the Executive did not department and autonomous region with consult with the National Assembly, local governments and local stakeholders. where it does not hold a majority, for the The fora provided inputs for the territorial formulation of either the PND or the objectives of the PND. At the national PNDO. The Government is currently level, SECEP and CONPES organized planning to hold meetings with the seven thematic fora with mayors, youth, National Assembly's ERCERP women, environmental, indigenous and Commission to discuss the completion of non-governmental organizations, the the PNDO. However, it is not yet known private sector and trade unions. if the Government has plans to submit the Consultations for the PND took place in PNDO to Parliament for approval. parallel to the drafting of the PNDO. Ministries and local governments Civil society organizations have been have insufficient capacity to prepare involved in ERCERP implementation and technical and economic evaluations of PND formulation. Youth and women programs and projects. Corruption is associations, trade unions, academia, think perceived as widespread. The Government tanks, religious associations, associations has started tackling these issues. In 2003 it of local governments participate in approved a Civil Service Law, which CONPES and CONADES. CONPES limits the number of political appointees participated in ERCERP formulation, and and establishes procedures for competitive was consulted for the preparation of the hiring, merit-based evaluation and ERCERP Progress Reports, but its impact permanent training. However, its was limited. Civil society representatives implementation is being delayed due to participated in the regional and thematic insufficient financial resources. Training fora for the formulation of the PND, is being provided to community leaders accounting for more than forty percent of for the preparation and implementation of the participants. local development plans. The private sector has been involved Country-led partnership in ERCERP implementation and PND formulation. Associations of big and small The Government has started playing an enterprises, farmers, fishermen, non- active role in coordinating development traditional producers, chambers of assistance. The Ministry of External commerce participate in CONPES and Relations leads coordination. In 2003 the CONADES. Private sector representatives President established a global and six participated in the regional and thematic sectoral roundtables on education, health, Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 214 Nicaragua good governance, production and The USAID Country Plan for 2003-08 competitiveness, infrastructure and social focuses on governance, economic protection, chaired by sector ministries. development, health and education; no Progress in the work of the roundtables reference to the ERCERP or the PND is has been mixed. Some of them, like the made. In 2004 Nicaragua was selected as education roundtable, which has an one of the countries eligible for MCA operating manual and result-oriented work assistance, and the MCA proposal is being plan, is fostering coordination of external developed in line with the PND. The EC assistance for the sector. Others, which Country Strategy Paper 2002-06 focuses have less structured working on local government, education and good arrangements, are more a forum for governance in line with the ERCERP. dialogue and exchange of information. It SIDA's assistance strategy supports the is expected that each roundtable will have implementation of the ERCERP. a results-oriented work plan and an Partnerships in external financial and operating manual by the end of 2005. analytical support are emerging. In 2003 There are also annual coordination fora, the World Bank and IDB jointly prepared organized by the Ministry of External a CFAA. In 2004 the World Bank Relations and comprised of government prepared a CPAR in cooperation with the officials and external partners' Government and IDB. In 2003/04 the representatives, to assess progress in World Bank, the Government, the coordinating external assistance. A CG National Institute of Statistics and Census meeting was held in 2003 in the country jointly prepared a Poverty Assessment, and chaired by IDB. carried out according to internationally- External partners are aligning their agreed guidelines known as MECOVI. assistance with country development Multi-donor budget support is being objectives. The five major external considered. In 2004 the World Bank partners are the IDB, the World Bank, launched a PRSC. The EC and the Germany, the USA and Spain, accounting Netherlands are providing budget support for approximately 71 percent of ODA in for ERCERP implementation. A budget 2002-03. The EU and Sweden also play support group composed of the an active role. ODA accounted for 21.3 percent of GNI in 2003.122 The IDB Netherlands, SIDA, the World Bank, the EC, Switzerland, Germany and Norway Country Strategy for 2002-05 supports the prepared a draft joint financial objectives identified in the ERCERP. The arrangement and a common performance World Bank Country Assistance Strategy assessment matrix to be used by both FY03-05 is based on the ERCERP and Government and external partners. The supports its strongest focus on economic financial arrangement and the growth. Germany development performance assessment matrix have not cooperation focuses on poverty yet been signed by the Government. alleviation; in 2003 development assistance was significantly scaled up to The Government is preparing some support civil society and local government SWAps. The World Bank, the participation in ERCERP implementation. Netherlands, DFID, SIDA and DANIDA are implementing a Common Work Program in Public Sector Management 122 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at through a Multi-Donor Trust Fund http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/38/34/1888464.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 215 Nicaragua managed by the World Bank. A single partners are working toward a common Performance Monitoring Plan has been fiduciary framework, with the aim of prepared and will be monitored by the harmonizing financial management and Joint Monitoring Committee co-chaired procurement around country systems. by the World Bank and one representative Some external partners have of the other external partners. The World decentralized their operations to better Bank, IDB, SIDA, Finland and the participate in day-to-day decision making. Netherlands are jointly supporting a health The EC is decentralizing its decision- SWAp. The World Bank, CIDA and making processes. Germany and SIDA DANIDA are supporting an education coordinate their program from country SWAp, based on a Common Work offices in the country. USAID has a Program, with joint performance strong presence in the country. The World indicators, joint financial management, Bank Country Director is based in joint financial reporting mechanisms and Washington and the program is joint supervision of implementation coordinated by a country office in progress. The World Bank, the EC, GTZ, Managua. Finland, USAID, FAO, IDB, GEF, IFAD are interested in jointly supporting an Results focus agro-forestry program, and are conducting joint missions and sharing terms of The quality and availability of poverty- references and aide-memoires. However, related data is improving. In 2001 the external partners still channel most of National Institute of Statistics and Census their assistance through projects; in 2004 conducted a Living Standard there were about 533 projects accounting Measurement Survey (LSMS) and a for approximately eighty percent of all Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). external assistance. New LSMS, DHS and a new census will be carried out in 2005. The Government is Partnerships in capacity development preparing a national statistical are emerging around the ERCERP. JICA, development strategy, with the support of SIDA, DFID, the World Bank, IDB, a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical USAID, UNFPA and UNDP are Capacity Building, managed by the World coordinating their capacity building Bank. There is an Integrated System for efforts for census and statistics system. Financial Management and Auditing, Capacity building for public sector known as SIGFA, currently used by 38 management is jointly provided by the government institutions, i.e. about 70 World Bank, the Netherlands, DFID, percent of all government and SIDA and DANIDA. autonomous entities, including public Action is being taken to harmonize enterprises. SIGFA is the basis for the with country systems. Nicaragua is a pilot preparation of the budget execution country under the 2003 Rome Declaration reports sent to the National Assembly. on Harmonization. In 2004 the There are also systems to track official Government adopted a Harmonization development assistance (SysODA) and Action Plan and participated in an payments from non-governmental OECD/DAC joint country learning organizations (SysONG). However, assessment to advance the implementation SIGFA, SysODA and SysONG are not yet of the 2003 Rome Declaration. In the integrated. health and education sectors, external Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 216 Nicaragua Information on Government policies Government identified 33 indicators to is easily available through electronic monitor progress in ERCERP media but dissemination is limited. There implementation, and 29 of them were is a wide array of government websites measured in 2002 and 2003. In 2002, 5 with information on development vision new indicators were added to the poverty and strategies, and the budget. However, indicators identified in 2001. MDGs do the ERCERP is only mentioned on the have targets through 2015. The ERCERP website of SECEP, and the document is identified intermediate targets only until not available. The draft PND has not yet 2005. The draft PND starts identifying been widely circulated either on paper or targets beyond 2005. The Government is electronically. Given that the PNDO has moving toward integrating the ERCERP not yet been finalized, there have been M&E system into a computer-based only limited attempts to disseminate its National System to Monitor Development content. Indicators, known as SINASIP. Action is being taken to establish a country-level M&E system. In 2001 the NIGER Long-term holistic vision Niger ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Action has been taken to develop a long- Long-Term Holistic Vision term vision that constitutes a reference point for policymakers. Niger's Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) for 2002-05 refines the long-term vision developed for Country- Country the previous poverty reduction program, led Ownership Partnership the Programme Cadre National de Lutte contre la Pauvreté (PNLCP), which was prepared in 1997 in collaboration with UNDP.123 A long-term perspective study Results Focus is in place in 2005 to redefine the long- Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all term vision and assist in the preparation of criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would an updated PRS. The Government has therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for prepared detailed sector strategies that axis. consistent with the PRS in education, transport infrastructure and the rural principal objective, and encompasses sector, with a health sector strategy macroeconomic objectives, the productive completed and approved in February sector, social sectors and capacity 2005. A ten-year education development building. It has four strategic pillars: 1) plan known as PDDE guides detailed increasing economic growth and stability implementation for 2003-13, and the while improving standards of living, 2) finalized comprehensive health sector developing productive sectors while strategy includes specific sector targets. preserving the environment and reducing Local development programs are not well fluctuations, 3) improving access to basic coordinated with sector strategies. social services including water, education and health, and 4) strengthening human The PRS's goals mirror the MDGs, and institutional capacity to improve but in most cases are less ambitious taking governance. Cross-cutting themes are into account country conditions. During gender, good governance and the implementation, the Government redefinition of stakeholders' roles. reinforced education as a priority and revised goals in education upwards The use of a global MTEF has consistently. The Government's ongoing resulted in a link between the PRS and the study on sources of growth and a poverty budget. The government is revising its analysis may result in further fine-tuning global MTEF as laid out in the PRS and of development targets. The PRS preparing sectoral budget programs identifies poverty reduction as the toward full costing of the PRS. The MTEF helped focus expenditures on priority areas identified in the PRSP in the 2004 and 2005 Budget Laws. Advances 123The PRS was completed in January 2002. The were made in budget implementation first Progress Report was completed in July 2003. The second Progress Report was completed in late through the 2003 Finance Law, as well as 2004. with the adoption in July 2002 of a new 217 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 218 Niger budget nomenclature and the introduction in the Regional Steering Committee. of new chart of accounts, which was Many CSO's participated in Progress expanded to regional offices. Report consultations, with two umbrella CSOs - CONGAFEN and GAP - grouping Country ownership more than 80 others; CONGAFEN groups The locus of initiative for PRS content has 34 NGO's working on women and been with the Prime Minister and Minister children promotion issues, and GAP of Finance. The Prime Minister chairs a groups 49 NGO's working on various National Steering Committee, and the development issues. Prime Minister's Office coordinates the The private sector is small, but has PRS process through a PRSP Secretariat. had some involvement in PRS formulation The Minister of Social Development, and implementation. The local Chamber Population, Advancement of Women and of Commerce and some local company Child Protection (MD/SPPF/PE) chairs a representatives participated in the Committee for Domestic Dialogue and consultations for formulation of the PRS. Joint Action, which includes a wide The private sector, mainly private variety of stakeholders. At the Regional professional organizations, participated in level there is a Regional Steering the consultations for the PRSP Progress Committee comprised of government Report. representatives and other stakeholders, as well as a Sub-regional Committee for The National Assembly had limited Domestic Dialogue and Joint Action. participation in PRS consultations. However, it serves as a M&E body for the The government does not PRS. The National Assembly is not systematically request feedback from required by the Constitution to approve a stakeholders during PRS implementation, national development plan and it did not but has led consultations during PRS and formally approve the PRS. However, the Progress Report formulation. The Minister of Finance presented it to the MD/SPPF/PE organized stakeholder National Assembly for comments after the involvement in PRS formulation through World Bank and IMF endorsed the PRS. thematic groups, workshops, public The PRS Progress Report was submitted debates in each region, and seminars. for information to the National Assembly Consultations for the PRS Progress in the second half of 2003.The Report, like the PRS, were held at various Constitution requires that the national stages, which culminated in a national budget be approved on a yearly basis by workshop in July 2003. The Progress the National Assembly. Report consultations were led by the Permanent Secretariat through a national Capacity for formulation and validation workshop. implementation are weakened by low education levels and limited Action has been taken to involve civil administrative capacity. Outbreaks of society in PRS formulation and ethnic and religious conflict around the implementation. Trade unions, students country have also weakened the and CSOs participated in the PRS Government's ability to implement formulation seminars. The government reforms. invited representatives of the poor to the public debates and CSOs are represented Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 219 Niger Country-led partnership External partners are generally The Government is taking action to supporting a gradual transition from strengthen its leadership of development project to program financing, and forming assistance coordination. The Ministry of partnerships through joint analytical and Finance, through the PRS Secretariat, financial work. Key first steps are to chairs a permanent structure for dialogue build government capacity to plan and with external partners, the manage development programs, including Government/Donors Committee. The strengthening the fiduciary framework, World Bank and UNDP are co-chairs. and stronger consensus around sectoral The government held and chaired a strategies and expenditure programs. The Donors Forum in Niamey in June 2003, World Bank plans a series of annual the first in Niger and the first since 1998, PRSCs starting in 2006-07. There have when the Forum was held in Geneva. there been limited discussions for a joint Since 2003, external partners have been budget support initiative, but an operating in the education sector under a agreement is in place for a joint program signed protocol on coordination. External with the EC in the context of the partners chair thematic groups; education, preparation of the ongoing World Bank decentralization and rural sector (France); Public Expenditure Adjustment Credit health (Belgium); water (Swiss and (PEAC III). A SWAp is under multilateral partners); private sector preparation in the Health sector, led by the development (UNDP); road maintenance World Bank. The Government led a joint (EC); and budgetary reforms (World Public Expenditure Management and Bank). Both the government and Financial Accountability Review, carried development assistance agencies out in partnership with the World Bank, participate in these thematic groups, the EC, France, UNDP and AfDB. which are activated for the annual review There is no comprehensive capacity of the PRS and sectoral consultations. building strategy supported jointly by External partners have fully endorsed various development assistance agencies.. the PRS as the basis for their assistance. Some steps have been taken toward a The five major external partners are strategy; the PRS emphasizes improving France, the World Bank, the EU, the capacity for basic service delivery, AfDB and the IMF, accounting for particularly at the local level, and in approximately 81 percent of gross ODA budget management. Some partnerships in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 16.7 around capacity support are forming. For percent of GNI in 2003.124 The World example, CIDA, the EC, the World Bank Bank's FY03-05 Country Assistance and UNDP are supporting capacity Strategy is fully aligned with the PRS, as development for PRS M&E systems. is the UN Development Assistance The Government is taking an active Framework 2004-07. The EC and AfDB interest in harmonization with country adopted their strategies before the systems. Through the PRSP Secretariat, finalization of the PRS; however they are the Government developed an action plan consistent with the PRS. The AFD revised for harmonization jointly with external its strategy to align with the PRS. partners, but has yet to formally adopt the framework. Niger is one of the pilot 124 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at countries of the Education for All Fast http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/54/1882640.gif Track Initiative. It also is a pilot for the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 220 Niger UN first generation interagency developed but needs to be expanded to harmonization program. The Government line ministries and other agencies. is advancing the harmonization agenda by The Government's efforts to having adopted a new Procurement Code. disseminate PRSP information are limited. A number of development assistance A communication plan guided wide agencies are increasing their presence in publicity during PRS formulation, the country to better participate in daily including through seminars to which the interactions with the Government and media was invited. Information about the each other. For example, the World Bank PRS can be found on the Government's has an office in Niamey, and its Country website.125 The PRS has not been Director is based in Dakar, Senegal. The translated into local languages. EC is enhancing its Delegation's technical The government has formulated a capacity. The AFD Program is managed proposal for a poverty M&E framework by an office in Niamey. that integrates PRS indicators. The PRS Results focus M&E system under development is being built on existing M&E systems, and will Data on poverty and poverty-related report on progress toward the MDGs. expenditures is limited. The National Once adopted, the framework will be Statistics Institute has plans to prepare a made operational through a central M&E master statistical plan to consolidate data system, while previous M&E work has from different sources and provide a been undertaken separately by sectoral strategic vision for the statistical system. and regional departments. In particular, A Poverty Observatory is under the M&E department within the Ministry development to assist in gathering data for of Finance and the PRSP Secretariat, have monitoring and evaluation. Preliminary been instrumental in the preparation of data from the 2001 census is available, PRS and MDG progress reports. The and a household survey was planned for government has plans to refine the PRS 2003 to update old poverty data, but has indicators, and has already done so for been repeatedly delayed. An integrated health and education. financial management system is being 125http://www.niger-gouv.ne/ PAKISTAN Long-term holistic vision Pakistan ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond A long-term vision guiding policymakers Long-Term Holistic Vision until 2015 is embedded in the most comprehensive of Pakistan's medium- term strategies for development, the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Country- Country for 2003-08, entitled Accelerating led Ownership Partnership Economic Growth and Reducing Poverty: The Road Ahead.126 It draws on a detailed IPRSP completed in 2001, as well as sector strategies prepared by most of Results Focus the line ministries. The PRSP is the first Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments of its kind in that it encompasses poverty for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would reduction strategies at the federal and therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for provincial levels. It reflects PRSs, some that axis. still in draft, prepared at the provincial level as an input to the national PRSP. critical next steps in furthering devolution The PRSP is overriding Pakistan's and strengthening elected local traditional ten-year development plan, governments. prepared by the Planning Commission, The PRSP strives towards the MDGs which has a national coverage but with goals for 2015 and 2020, and its includes development expenditures only targets are largely in line with the progress at the federal level. While there are no necessary to meet these goals. The thrust explicit links between the PRSP and the of the PRSP is a set of policies to ongoing Ten-Year Perspective accelerate and sustain rapid growth as the Development Plan that covers the period main vehicle to reduce poverty in from 2001-11, the Government is linking Pakistan. It provides the overall its traditional five-year investment plans framework for consolidating and for the federal government to the PRSP. advancing structural reforms, maintaining Previously these five-year plans had been macroeconomic stability, and bridging the based on the traditional ten-year social gap, including an explicit development plan. The Government is recognition of the need to address the updating its five-year plan, the Medium- wide gender disparities that persist across Term Development Framework (MTDF) most social indicators. The PRSP is a for 2005-10, which is expected by May comprehensive strategy for addressing 2005, detailing a federal level public poverty in its various dimensions. It investment plan that is fully consistent emphasizes policies to sustain rapid with the broader strategy in the PRSP. growth as the main vehicle for poverty Pakistan embarked on a decentralization reduction and is grounded on four pillars: process in 2001, and the PRSP reflects 1) achieving sustained high and broad- based economic growth, focusing particularly on the rural economy, while 126The PRSP was completed in December 2003. A maintaining macroeconomic stability; 2) Progress Report is expected in August 2005. 221 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 222 Pakistan improving governance and consolidating Commission produced the MTDFs. The devolution, both as a means of delivering responsibility for producing the upcoming better development results and ensuring 2005 MTDF still rests within the Planning social and economic justice; 3) investing Commission. The Secretary General of in human capital, with a renewed Finance chairs a National PRSP Steering emphasis on effective delivery of basic Committee, composed of Secretaries of social services; and 4) targeting the poor relevant Ministries and the Planning and vulnerable, to bring the marginalized Commission as well as heads of sections of the population and backward institutions and Additional Chief regions into the mainstream of Secretaries of the provinces, which development, and to make marked oversee PRSP formulation and progress in reducing existing inequalities. implementation. Inter-ministerial Many policies are crosscutting in nature, coordination takes place mainly at the and thus are expected to have an Cabinet level through the Cabinet economy-wide impact on all sectors. Committee on Economic Affairs and the The Government has taken action to constitutionally-mandated National align its budget with PRSP priorities. The Economic Council, which discussed the PRSP expenditure framework projects PRSP in its various draft stages. The significantly higher expenditure Cabinet approved the final draft of the allocations for education, health, and PRSP. Prior to finalizing the PRSP, the capital investment. Detailed expenditure PRSP Secretariat organized a series of frameworks, that precede and became part consultative seminars and workshops at of an IPRSP and then the PRSP, have the provincial and national levels, and been influencing budget allocations since through an NGO ­ the Rural Support 1997. The FY04-05 Federal Budget is Program Network ­ in 49 districts. consistent with the PRSP and balances the The National PRSP Steering twin objectives of enhancing public Committee meets every six months with allocations for poverty and growth related external partners to review progress in expenditures, and of reducing the public implementation. The National Economic debt burden further. There is room for Council, chaired by the Prime Minister improvement in tying allocations to and the Minister of Finance, decides on outcomes; next steps are to complete and monitors PRS implementation. annual PRSP progress reports in time to Thematic sub-groups meet more regularly. serve as a basis for budget decisions. The PRSP Secretariat heads M&E of the Medium-Term Budget Frameworks PRSP and PRSP expenditures, and (MTBFs) are in place in some of the more quarterly reports are posted on its website. developed provinces, which are also in the The Government has made some initial stages of moving towards progress in involving civil society in performance-based budgeting. dialogue during strategy formulation and Country ownership implementation, where prior to the PRSP there had been no tradition for civil The PRSP Secretariat in the Ministry of society involvement in policy making. Finance is the focal point for the PRSP CSOs participated in the later stages of and is overseeing its implementation. This PRSP formulation through the workshops constitutes a change from the traditional and seminars organized by the PRSP planning process, whereby the Planning Secretariat and the Rural Support Program Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 223 Pakistan Network. CSOs are included in the and larger cities, capacity is high. While thematic sub-groups that report to the some government institutions are well National PRSP Steering Committee. staffed and capable, others, in particular at The private sector has been more the local level and in some of the poorer deeply engaged in the preparation of provinces as well as in the social sectors, national development strategies and are weaker. Local district governments policies. The Government and private that emerged as a result of the devolution sector have a pre-established tradition of process, have very limited capacity and consultation through various advisory most have yet to take on development bodies, such as the Economic Advisory planning as a primary responsibility. Board. These advisory bodies are Efforts are underway, financed by regularly consulted to help guide external partners, to enhance the capacity economic reforms in areas like industrial of the public sector for policy formulation policy, tax administration, and as well as implementation, including at privatization. Organized groups within the district level, and also to successfully the private sector, such as labor unions monitor PRSP outcomes. and the textile and garment sectors, Country-led partnership influence policy decisions, and were consulted during PRSP formulation. The Government leads coordination of policy dialogue and program support The National Assembly is not within the framework of the PRSP. The required by the Constitution to approve a Government's Economic Affairs Division national development plan, but it does (EAD), under the Ministry of Finance, require its approval of annual budgets. In takes the lead in development assistance reviewing the budget, parliamentary coordination. The National Economic debates often center on its consistency Council approves all national investment with the PRSP. For example, the PRSP decisions, including those financed was presented to the Senate and the externally. Since 2001, the Government National Assembly along with the FY04- hosts an annual Pakistan Development 05 budget. The parliament discussed and Forum (PDF) - which is usually held in debated the PRSP's key parameters and Islamabad. The next PDF will take place broad strategy. In addition, the in Islamabad in April 2005, chaired by the Government organized a specific Government. Civil society and private workshop with Parliamentarians to sector representatives are invited to the discuss the PRSP process and its contents. PDF and are playing an active role in This year's forthcoming PRSP Progress PRSP-related discussions. The thematic Report is expected to be presented to sub-groups that report to the National Parliament only after the discussion and PRSP Steering Committee are led by approval of the FY05-06 budget, but in government officials and include external future years the government hopes to be partners and civil society. In developing able to time data collection so that the the MTDF, the Government recently Progress Report can be presented organized a series of sectoral alongside the budget submission. brainstorming meetings, which included The Government's implementation external partners. Following from these capacity differs by region. At the central meetings the Government has set up level and in more developed provinces Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 224 Pakistan sectoral working groups to prepare Financial support is increasingly sectoral strategies and plans. being provided in partnership. For Partnerships between the Government example, the World Bank has been and domestic stakeholders for PRSP providing budget support through a series implementation are strengthening as of PRSCs since 2004, and regularly NGOs increasingly take an active role in provides budget support to the provinces service delivery in areas with limited through development policy credits capacity. (DPCs). The UK and the USA are aligning their budget support with the External partners are broadly aligning Bank's PRSCs and the UK possibly also their strategies to the PRSP. The five with the North-West Frontier Province major external partners are the USA, the DPCs. In addition, the EC and several World Bank, the IMF, Japan and France, other bilateral partners are providing accounting for approximately 84 percent budget support but not under a common of gross ODA in 2002-03. The UK is also framework. For example, the ADB active. ODA accounted for 1.5 percent of provides sectoral budget support, mainly GNI in 2003.127 The World Bank's in agriculture, an area not covered under FY03-05 Country Assistance Strategy was the Bank's PRSCs. SWAps have been designed to support PRSP goals and, discussed in health and education but are based on the FY04 CAS progress update, held up pending clarification of the policy the FY03-05 CAS remains fully aligned environment. with the PRSP. The ADB 2002-06 Country Strategy and Program is also in External partners collaborate in line with PRSP priorities. Other external capacity building efforts under the partners, such as DFID, USAID, Japan, Government's leadership. The EAD and Germany are supporting similar goals coordinates all foreign provided training and aligning their assistance strategies and participation at conferences. While with the PRSP. there is no national capacity building strategy, the EAD's guidance is External partners are undertaking increasingly strategic. There are also a some joint analytical work in partnership number of capacity building initiatives with the Government. In 2003 the World under implementation. For example, a Bank, DFID, and ADB completed jointly public sector capacity building project, a CFAA. Two economic reports, financed by the World Bank, focuses on Devolution in Pakistan (District the broad-based professional development Assessment) Report and Punjab Economic of public sector officers, through Report, were prepared as joint products of professional training programs for middle the World Bank, ADB, and DFID. The and senior officers, as well as upcoming NWFP Economic Report is strengthening in-country training capacity being prepared in collaboration with through support of training institutions. DFID and the Sindh Economic Report is With the support of the ADB, the being prepared in collaboration with the Government is conducting a capacity ADB. building program for local governments, while the World Bank-supported Project for Improvement in Financial Reporting and Accounting (PIFRA) program is 127 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at modernizing financial management http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/23/35/1882685.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 225 Pakistan systems at the federal, provincial, and harmonized procurement documents are district levels. The ADB Decentralization available for use. A similar exercise is Support Program focuses on the underway in the area of financial institutional strengthening and capacity management. In addition, external building of local governments, as well as partners have agreed to put together a providing technical assistance to improve joint Portfolio Issues Paper focused on fiscal decentralization, through support to key generic portfolio management issues the Provincial Finance Commissions. faced by externally financed projects, for ADB has established a Results discussion with the Government. Management and Development External partners are strengthening Effectiveness Unit for building capacity their presence in the country to better for results-based monitoring within the participate in day-to-day activities, and Government. DFID has a large and there are elements of decentralized expanding capacity building effort, decision-making within several focusing on the MTBF and the health, development assistance agencies. The education, and population sectors. DFID World Bank's Country Director is based is also working with local governments to in Islamabad, as are the directors for enhance their capacity to deliver services, DFID and the ADB. USAID has re- particularly in health, and municipal established its presence in country. The services. AFD has an office in Pakistan but with There are now strong efforts to few staff, and with a stronger regional harmonize with country systems, with a office based in India. ADB has large percentage of development strengthened its Resident Mission to assistance disbursed as budget support manage core operational functions, and once a year following the approval of the the EC office is expanding. national budget. There have been efforts to improve the procurement and financial Results focus management systems of some line The Government is taking action to ministries and at the provincial level. With improve upon its well-established federal the move toward SWAps and an expected statistical system - including the Federal increased use of country systems within Bureau of Statistics (FBS) - to provide investment projects, development better information on economic, assistance agencies are first taking steps to demographic, and social trends, and to harmonize their procedures, focusing on improve the quality and reliability of data. environmental safeguards, financial The FBS has launched the Pakistan Social management and accountability, and Living Standards Measurement monitoring and evaluation, and Survey (PSLSM). This survey consists of procurement. The World Bank and DFID, a CWIQ, which for the first time is in collaboration with other external gathering data at the District level, and a partners, are harmonizing environmental Household Income and Expenditure assistance and safeguard approaches Survey (HIES), which is provincially through a Country Environmental representative. Results of the CWIQ are Analysis pilot. A comparison between the expected by May 2005. The HIES will World Bank's and ADB procurement rules provide poverty estimates, at the national was undertaken in 2004 as part of the and provincial levels and its results are harmonization exercise and as a result, expected by November 2005. The CWIQ Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 226 Pakistan and the HIES will provide key The PRSP Secretariat has developed information on whether the economic a comprehensive communication strategy reforms of the past 5 years have translated to disseminate PRSP information at key into improved economic and social levels of society, and ensure transparency outcomes. The PRSP Progress Report is in PRSP implementation. The expected to draw on the findings of the communication flow includes briefings, CWIQ. The government is also information packs, media coverage, increasingly making use of independent workshops, translation of the PRSP into third party assessments to assess progress national languages, and implementing in achieving project outcomes. The Sindh feedback and policy adjustments. The and NWFP adjustment credits and Punjab PRSP is available on the Government's Education Adjustment credit all make use website in English, as is expenditure data, of such evaluations to ensure that semi-annual PRSP progress, and quarterly programs are on track. reports on health and education The Government is undertaking outcomes.128 The media publishes the efforts to modernize and strengthen its national budget. integrated financial management system A country-level M&E system is in to make it more efficient, transparent and place since the completion of the IPRS, reliable. The Controller General of building on existing M&E systems in the Accounts (CGA) office is being line ministries. The PRSP Secretariat strengthened and annual final accounts for leads the M&E process, and is responsible the Federal Government have been for tracking budget and non-budget produced six months prior to the end of poverty expenditures. The Secretariat the year, resulting in improved data works closely with provincial monitoring reliability and availability. The medium- units through identified focal points term objective is to implement a new within their Planning and Development public chart of accounts and financial Departments, which evaluate progress on reporting requirements under a nation- poverty indicators. The FBS and the wide computerized accounting system Planning Commission also cooperate with supported by the World Bank-funded the Secretariat in helping to consolidate Project for Improvement in Financial reports on progress toward the MDGs and Reporting and Auditing (PIFRA). There PRSP implementation every six months. has also been considerable progress in The government has also developed an improving the timeliness of audits over action plan and begun to implement a the past two years with audit reports program to improve the monitoring of starting to become available within six health and education intermediate months of the end of the fiscal year. An outcome indicators and, in conjunction Annual Audit Program that sets out with the provinces, to monitor PRSP- specific goals and targets has been related expenditures. These are being published. The Government has reported in quarterly reports. The revitalized legislative oversight through Government has also initiated a program, the Public Accounts Committees (PACs) with assistance from ADB and the World of the National and Provincial Bank, to strengthen its M&E capacity and Assemblies, which review the findings of systems towards a more `results-based' audit reports. 128http://www.finance.gov.pk/poverty/home.html Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 227 Pakistan M&E. Additional efforts are required to developed by the Government through a set up a system to monitor progress in collaborative process with stakeholders, areas such as gender, environment and including district and provincial governance, and to improve the capacity governments, and are included in the for M&E at the provincial and district CWIQ survey. They will be updated once levels. Intermediate indicators were the survey analysis is complete. RWANDA Political turmoil over power sharing, and Rwanda ­ 2005 repeated outbreaks of ethnic violence CDF Assessment Diamond between the Tutsis and the Hutus have Long-Term Holistic Vision marked the history of the country. These conflicts triggered the displacement of tens of thousands of Tutsis to neighboring countries starting in the 1950s through the Country- Country early 1990s, when a rebellion by the led Ownership Partnership Rwandan Patriotic Front culminated in the 1994 genocide. Between April and June of that year, 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed and about 2 million Results Focus people fled to neighboring countries. In Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments July 1994 - following the Arusha Accords for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would - a Transitional Government of National therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Unity was formed under the presidency of that axis. the Hutu Pasteur Bizimungu. In April 2000, President Bizimungu resigned and planning is in place. Vision 2020 - Vice President Paul Kagame became the prepared with the support of UNDP first Tutsi President. A new Constitution following extensive consultations with was enacted in June 2003. The first multi- stakeholders - is the long-term vision of party presidential and parliamentary Rwanda and the goals stated in the vision, elections since independence were held in including national reconciliation, poverty August and September 2003, resulting in reduction, rural and human resources the election of President Kagame. Despite development, provide the framework for the establishment in 1995 of a UN- the PRSP which sets development targets appointed tribunal - based in Tanzania - for 2020.129 The vision undergoes yearly aimed at indicting and sentencing high- revisions coordinated with PRSP ranking people responsible for the revisions. A full review of the PRSP is atrocities committed in 1994, it is difficult scheduled for 2005. PRSP goals are in to eradicate the legacy of the genocide. A line with the MDGs, with clear targets for Commission for National Unity and poverty reduction over time. Reconciliation has been set up to promote The medium-term strategy builds peace, tolerance and respect, but time and strongly on the long-term vision. The effort will be needed in order to achieve a PRSP embeds a development strategy for true reconciliation. The country is 2002-04 and focuses on six pillars: 1) the currently secure and most refugees have transformation of the agricultural resettled. economy as a necessary goal to reduce poverty; 2) human development through Long-term holistic vision A vision widely considered as a valid 129 Vision 2020 was first published in 1998. The reference point for development PRSP was completed in June 2002. A first Progress Report was finalized in June 2003, and a second Progress Report was completed in October 2004. 228 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 229 Rwanda improved education and health; 3) the PRSP. The National Investment economic infrastructure; 4) human Strategy - which outlines the overall path resources and capacity building; 5) private of public and private investment, as well sector development; and 6) good as the funding gaps in certain sectors to governance. Macroeconomic stability, reach PRSP objectives - and the 2005 decentralization, and an effective Budget Framework explicitly state the partnership between Government, civil crucial importance of the PRSP. The society, the business community and MTEF for 2005-07 is considered a key development assistance agencies are also instrument for focusing public actions on crucial elements. The PRSP addresses poverty reduction, and specific budget gender disparity, education, HIV, priority programs are proposed in every environmental and private sector area identified in the PRSP. In order to development issues. It does not fully strengthen the MTEF and overall public articulate a strategy to stop environmental financial management, the Government degradation; however it does clearly has been working to improve address private sector development issues. predictability in budget financing - most The Ministry of Economic Planning and importantly to priority activities - and the Finance (MINECOFIN) has produced coordination of public financial guidelines for Government agencies to management reforms. Completion of develop poverty-focused sector strategies, Progress Reports is aligned with the which will feed into the 2005 PRSP budget cycle. An Organic Budget Law review. Education and HIV/AIDS sector was drafted in 2003 and the Government strategies have made significant progress, adopted a Financial Accountability however formulation has been slower than Review and Action Plan whose expected in some other sectors, due to implementation will be coordinated by a financial and human resources constraints. Public Financial Management Reform The Education Sector Strategic Plan is Steering Committee. Significant progress expected to be rolled out to all provinces has been made in the development of sub- by 2008. An agricultural transformation national government budgets and their and rural development sector strategy was incorporation into the MTEF process. developed in 2004 - together with a Ministries have explicitly linked their Health Sector Strategic Plan - and will be budget submissions with strategic fully elaborated in 2005. In 2004 ninety- planning choices outlined in their five percent of districts developed five- Strategic Issues Papers, which also year development plans. However, district address linkages between ministerial and development plans are not yet fully sector-wide activities. They prepare coherent with national priorities. The ministerial MTEFs that are used to Government is addressing this challenge prepare a macro MTEF, in turn used as an through a Decentralization input for the preparation of the Implementation Program 2004-08 and the Background to the Budget document to be preparation of a Sectoral Decentralization submitted to Parliament. All districts have Plan to guide development planning at the completed a three-year MTEF, feeding local level. into the national MTEF. An MTEF, in place since 2002, has taken hold and is helping to focus expenditures on priority areas identified in Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 230 Rwanda Country ownership dialogue. In October 2002 the Country leaders across the executive have Government created the Strategic contributed to the PRSP. MINECOFIN Planning and Monitoring Directorate, also and the Prime Minister have shaped the known as the Poverty Observatory - by PRSP, which has been broadly supported merging NPRP with the Department of by the Government as a whole. An Inter- Strategic Planning - in charge of Ministerial Committee on Poverty chaired monitoring and assuring consistency in by the Prime Minister involves nine line PRSP implementation. While preparing ministries in strategy formulation. A the first PRSP Progress Report, the Steering Committee, made up of Secretary Poverty Observatory explored the degree Generals from all key ministries and other of satisfaction of the population through stakeholders, was charged with participatory surveys and stakeholder monitoring. seminars. In addition, consultations conducted by the NURC, which involves A temporary structure was frequent meetings at all levels and is established to ensure stakeholder widely considered as a permanent participation in PRSP formulation. In consultation mechanism to resolve 2000, MINECOFIN created a National lingering tensions, fed into the first PRSP Poverty Reduction Program (NPRP) to Progress Report. Consultations were also conduct extensive consultations with the held with all active stakeholders to poor in the formulation of the PRSP. provide inputs into the second Progress Between April and August 2001 Report. Efforts are underway to consultations were first conducted by the consolidate dialogue held by the NURC National Unity and Reconciliation and that conducted by the Poverty Commission (NURC) - charged with Observatory specifically for the PRSP. holding consultations at the local level to foster good governance and reform the Civil society organizations have been economy - which identified poverty, bad fully involved in consultations for PRSP governance and lack of justice as the main formulation and implementation. causes of disunity. Consultations built on Teachers, religious groups, elders, youth, the decentralized structures established in and women's associations took part in the 2000; cellules, the most decentralized consultations organized by NURC, and level of government, prepared draft local the Government has made concerted PRSPs, which were then consolidated at efforts to include Hutu and Tutsi the level of secteurs, districts and stakeholders. Civil society was highly provinces and transmitted to involved in the preparation of the 2004 MINECOFIN. MINECOFIN consolidated PRS Progress Report, and an NGO the various local drafts into a zero draft Secretariat ensures its participation in a PRSP, which was presented at a national number of thematic working groups. validation workshop held in October CSOs are also represented in the Steering 2001, to which representatives of all Committee. In 2004, the Government and stakeholders were invited. In addition, some leading CSOs organized a National national level sector consultations were Summit on Civil Society, aimed at held in Kigali. discussing modalities to further strengthen their cooperation during PRSP There is a sustainable structure for implementation. continuing government stakeholder Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 231 Rwanda The private sector has been included agencies are only partially responsive to in PRSP formulation and implementation needs of local communities, lack the - including the preparation of the PRS capacity to formulate and effectively Progress Reports - through a Fédération implement sector policies, prepare and des Enterprises formed with the assistance implement investment projects, execute of the Government. The Fédération meets budgets and monitor and evaluate frequently with the Government to discuss programs. At the cellule, secteur and relevant sector strategies and is frequently district levels, there is little sense of a consulted during budget preparation. The fixed budgetary envelope, which private sector is also represented in the significantly undermines planning; local Steering Committee. government structures are insufficiently Parliamentary involvement is staffed. significant. The National Assembly Country-led partnership approved the PRSP and considers it an integral part of the national reconciliation The Government has a strong role in process, even though the Constitution coordinating external development does not require the legislature to approve assistance. MINECOFIN, through the a national development plan. The Deputy Central Projects and External Finance Speaker of the National Assembly is Bureau (CEPEX), is the agency represented in the Inter-Ministerial responsible for coordination. Annual RT Committee on Poverty and several meetings are held in Kigali, chaired by the National Assembly members were Government, and open to civil society and involved in PRSP formulation private sector participation. The last consultations. Some Parliamentarians also meeting was held in November 2004, and participated in the consultations held for the next meeting is expected to take place the 2004 Progress Report. The National in November 2005. The Government co- Assembly set up the NURC, it rules on chairs the Development Partners financial accounts every year, and has to Coordination Group, which is the major authorize any budgetary transfer by law. coordination forum with external partners Parliamentary debate on the budget and its and meets on a monthly basis. The links to the PRSP takes place yearly, and Government - in collaboration with discussions on the Background to the UNDP - organized eight sector clusters Budget document are open to the public. between Government agencies and Once adopted by the National Assembly, ministries to improve coordination the budget becomes law. amongst external partners. Each thematic cluster is led by the respective ministry Despite the impact of the war and and facilitated by a development genocide that took place, the Government assistance partner. remains organized and has capacity for policy formulation and somewhat for The Government is strengthening its implementation. The situation remains relationship with the private sector, which fragile, however, and weakened social it considers as the main engine of capital and the weak capacity at all levels development. It has forged strong of the Government and the private sector, partnerships with the private sector for are considered potential obstacles to the power and telecommunications service successful implementation of ongoing delivery. programs. Ministries, departments and Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 232 Rwanda Under the Government's leadership, transaction costs. The resulting external partner strategies are aligned with Harmonized Budget Support Group - the PRSP. The five major external composed of DFID, the EC, SIDA, the partners are the World Bank, the USA, the World Bank, AfDB, and the IMF - meets EU, the UK, and the Netherlands, three times a year. During these meetings, accounting for approximately 77 percent the topic of harmonizing support with the of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA budget cycle is also dealt with. The World accounted for 20 percent of GNI in Bank contributes through a series of 2003.130 In November 2001 - during a PRSCs, the first of which was approved in conference held in Kigali - external September 2004. partners indicated their support for PRSP Institutional capacity building is one implementation, and have revised their of the six priority areas in the PRSP. The assistance strategies to align with the Government developed a Multi Sector PRSP. The FY03-05 World Bank Country Capacity Building Program (MSCBP), Assistance Strategy is largely based on with assistance from the World Bank, PRSP priorities - as well as the EC 2002- aimed at strengthening capacities at the 07 Country Strategy Paper, the 2003-06 central and local government levels and DFID Country Assistance Plan, and the providing a capacity building framework 2004-09 USAID Integrated Strategic Plan. around which all development assistance Also the Netherlands modified its agencies can coalesce. Under this development assistance strategy to align program, a Human and Institutional with the PRSP. Capacity Development Agency was Partnerships in external financial and established in November 2004. So far, the analytical support are solidifying. An African Capacity Building Foundation education SWAp has played a major role and the World Bank are providing in promoting external partner financial support to the MSCBP, and coordination, and the Government is others have expressed interest. A Capacity planning a SWAp in health. The EC Development Fund - which is a pooled supports SWAps in health and education. funding mechanism among several CIDA, DFID, SIDA, SDC, and the external partners, including SDC, CIDA, Netherlands have created a basket fund and the Netherlands - is providing funds which supports joint analytical work in for locally identified priorities in the area the area of HIV/AIDS, in collaboration of capacity building. UNDP is identifying with the Ministry of Health. In November and addressing capacity gaps in the 2003, the Government - in collaboration formulation of SWAps. with the World Bank, DFID, and the EC - Action has been taken toward carried out a Public Expenditure harmonization with country policies and Management Review. Again in November procedures. A Rwanda Harmonization and 2003 the Government and its external Alignment Initiative Working Group partners signed a Partnership Framework (RHAI), created following the adoption of for Harmonization and Alignment of a harmonization action plan in December Budget to improve development 2003, aims at harmonizing budget assistance coordination and reduce support, exploring opportunities for harmonization with country systems 130 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at within health and education sector http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/63/19/1878421.gif programs, as well as food security and Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 233 Rwanda environmental safeguards. The responsible for surveys and will help to Government is implementing a Financial strengthen the link between data Accountability Review and Action Plan collection, analysis and policymaking. (FARAP) as part of the Public The latest household survey was Expenditure Management Review conducted in 2001 and the next one is process, in order to promote dialogue and planned for 2005. A National Poverty action on financial accountability toward Assessment at the district level was eventual use of country systems. UNDP undertaken in 2001, and the latest census pursues what is known as the National was carried out in 2002. Public Execution Modality, therefore relying on Expenditure Tracking Surveys were Government operational policies and undertaken in 2004 in the health, procedures in the areas of procurement, education, water, and agriculture sectors. financial management, M&E, and The Ministry of Finance has created a reporting. The EC is harmonizing its computerized budget system known as procedures with country systems in the SIBET, aimed at monitoring transactions areas of procurement, financial in budget preparation and execution. management, and M&E. CIDA, DFID, Work is ongoing to connect key SIDA, SDC, and the Netherlands are departments - including CEPEX - to the conducting a case study on external SIBET system, through an information partner harmonization. system known as Public Books. A number of development assistance Information on Government policies agencies are taking steps to increase their is easily accessible. The public is presence in the country to better generally aware of the PRSP - which was participate in daily decision making. The drafted in French and English, with a World Bank Country Director is stationed summary version translated into in Washington, with a Country Manager Kinyarwanda - and is mentioned on the based in Kigali. Other partners like DFID, Government's website.131 Fiscal data are USAID and the Netherlands are also published on the MINECOFIN decentralizing decision-making to their website. Dissemination of the PRSP is local offices. UNDP is already fully strong, despite the lack of a formal decentralized and the EC is undergoing a communication strategy. The National similar process within its Delegation in Unity and Reconciliation Commission has order to better respond to country needs. been instrumental in disseminating information through meetings, pamphlets Results focus and radio programs broadcast around the The quality and availability of poverty- country, which are carried out on a related data is improving. The frequent basis. MINECOFIN Department of Statistics is Action has been taken toward the responsible for the general coordination of development of a country-level M&E surveys, data collection and analysis, in system. The Poverty Observatory is partnership with the Poverty Observatory. creating a system that will monitor It is responsible for conducting larger progress for the PRSP as well as Vision surveys every five years and providing 2020. The intermediate indicators to be annual monitoring data. The government has also established a Rwandan National 131http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/poverty_reductio Institute for Statistics, which will become n/index.htm Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 234 Rwanda monitored are included in the PRSP, and reduction through PRSP indicators. The are comprehensive and updated on a EC encourages the development of a yearly basis. The Poverty Observatory has single M&E system, by tying plans to commence training and data disbursements to indicators contained in collection in eight districts, which is the PRSP Progress Report, and not expected to be extended to all districts requiring separate reporting. Rwanda also with support from the World Bank, Japan, participates in the African Peer Review the Netherlands, and UNICEF. A Mechanism to ensure that polices and Decentralization and Community practices conform to the principles of the Development Project is helping the Declaration on Democracy, Political, government to initiate a nationwide M&E Economic and Corporate Governance. A system, aimed at tracking the impact of Review Team visited the country in 2004. community development on poverty SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Long-term holistic vision Sao Tome and Principe ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Sao Tome and Principe has a long-term Long-Term Holistic Vision vision, the National Long-Term Perspective Study (NLTPS), which was finalized in 1998 with assistance from UNDP and the World Bank. The Country- Country led Government has yet to fully endorse this Ownership Partnership vision, although there is some support for it within the country as a strong roadmap for development. With the prospect of Results Focus new incoming oil revenues, there is Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments renewed interest in consolidating a long- for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all term vision that accounts for the country's criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would potential source of wealth. In January therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. 2005, new legislation came into effect under the Oil Revenue Management Law, designating a large percentage of oil example, the objective to halve poverty by revenues towards poverty reduction 2010 instead of 2015. The NPRS presents programs and ongoing national a balanced approach to development, and development plans. bases the strategy on five pillars: 1) reform of public institutions, capacity The medium-term strategy is the building and good governance; 2) Estratégia nacional de redução da accelerated and redistributive growth; 3) pobreza ­ National Poverty Reduction increased employment opportunities for Strategy (NPRS), Sao Tome and the poor and diversification of the Principe's PRS, which covers the period economy; 4) universal access to social 2002-05. An update covers the period services; and 5) adoption of mechanisms 2005-07.132 The NPRS is not explicitly for monitoring and evaluation with derived from the long-term vision, but it feedback mechanisms to update the embeds a long-term vision insofar as it strategy. The strategy also considers presents targets for the year 2015. While cross-cutting issues like gender and the the NPRS and its Action Plan are largely environment. recognized as the development strategy, the NPRS Action Plan has yet to be A MTEF has not been developed to implemented and ministries' action plans link the NPRS to the budget, but the are not yet tied to the Action Plan. Government started to partially implement the NPRS in its FY03-04 budget. Overall, The NPRS's goals were set in the link between the budget and sector reference to the MDGs. Some goals are priorities is weak, and ministries are not more ambitious than the MDGs, for aligning their expenditures with the NPRS. A Public Investment Program led by the Ministry of Finance is project- 132The NPRS was completed in December 2002. based, and is loosely aligned to the NPRS An update of the NPRS was completed in January in the health and education sectors. 2005. A revised NPRS is expected in 2005. 235 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 236 Sao Tome and Principe Country ownership submitted to the National Assembly. The Ministry of Planning and Finance Parliamentary approval of development (MoPF), under the supervision of the planning is not a requirement under the Prime Minister, has made some efforts to constitution. However, under the oil take leadership of policy development. revenue legislation, the National Coordination at the ministerial level Assembly will have to approve all remains weak. For NPRS formulation, expenditures emanating from the oil the Government set up a Steering revenue account, including those for Committee, chaired by the Prime development plans. The January 2005 Minister. An Elaboration Committee update of the NPRS was approved by the under the Ministry of Planning and Council of Ministers. Finance was responsible for drafting the The Government suffers from low NPRS, assisted by six thematic groups. human capacity at all levels for planning Responsibility for NPRS implementation and implementation, especially due to a falls under a Permanent Secretariat. sharp decline in human development Efforts are underway to implement indicators in the last decade. The mechanisms that will facilitate sectoral Government plans to increase capacity as NPRS implementation under a central part of the NPRS by strengthening NPRS unit. The NPRS M&E Unit under economic management, enhancing policy formulation resides within the MoPF. formulation capabilities, improving Permanent structures for stakeholder budget preparation and execution, and participation are not yet in place, although undertaking a comprehensive civil service the Government did involve stakeholders reform program. during NPRS formulation. The MoPF Country-led partnership conducted consultations with stakeholders during formulation, and these are The Government's development assistance expected to take place again for the next coordination efforts need considerable phase of the NPRS. strengthening. The World Bank worked closely with UNDP in supporting a RT Civil society participated in meeting in October 2000. The next RT consultations through representatives in meeting is planned for 2005. The the thematic groups, and through a Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a Coordination Committee for the Committee of Aid Coordination; however, Government, civil society and the private this committee seldom meets and has yet sector, chaired by the MoPF. Regional to channel incoming external assistance consultations took place at the district toward NPRS priorities. level in Sao Tome and in the autonomous region of Principe, with participation from External partner programs are broadly NGOs, religious groups, labor unions, aligned with the NPRS, and most political parties, etc. The private sector recognize it as the framework for participated in consultations through the development assistance. The six major same venues. external partners are Portugal, France, Germany, the EU, the World Bank and the The National Assembly's AfDB, accounting for approximately 84 involvement was limited, and overall, percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA members of the Assembly are unaware of accounted for 75 percent of GNI in NPRS content. The NPRS was not Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 237 Sao Tome and Principe 2003.133 The World Bank's Country Most partners, like the World Bank, still Assistance Strategy FY2000-05 is aligned have their country director based in their with the main principles of the Interim headquarters or nearby countries. NPRS, and it will be updated in 2005 to align with the NPRS. The EC's Results focus Cooperation Strategy and National The Government is undertaking initiatives Indicative Program 2002-07 also works in to strengthen statistical capacity and data. accordance with the principles for poverty The National Statistics Institute is in reduction set forth in the Interim NPRS. charge of the existing statistical system. France and UNDP also support NPRS A poverty survey was completed in 2001 objectives, and UNDP's upcoming with technical support from the ILO, Country Cooperation Framework for UNDP, the World Bank and AfDB, and 2007-11 will be fully aligned with the two other surveys are underway. There is NPRS. A Sachs Action Plan was no integrated financial management prepared in 2004. In 2004 Sao Tome and system. Principe was selected to apply for a Threshold Program, managed by the MCC The Government has made some and USAID, to help countries work efforts to distribute NPRS content, mostly toward MCA eligibility. during NPRS consultations. The NPRS includes a general plan for disseminating There are few examples of information on development programs. partnerships forming through use of joint technical assistance, joint budget support Preliminary steps have been taken to or SWAps. The World Bank and UNDP establish a country-level M&E system. have been providing joint technical Most M&E takes place at the project assistance in the petroleum sector. level. There is no pre-established M&E Likewise, capacity building efforts are system within line ministries, and their fragmented, although some partners are inability to prepare, or untimely moving toward the provision of joint work preparation of Annual Plans and Annual in this area. The Government, through the Audit Reports, is slowing down the National Statistics Institute, is working establishment of the NPRS M&E Unit. A together with UNDP, AFRISTAT and the comprehensive set of indicators is World Bank in building statistical included in the NPRS, with a strong focus capacity. on education, health and infrastructure. Efforts are underway to update and External partners have yet to improve the set of indicators in the decentralize decision-making to country upcoming NPRS. offices with few exceptions, like UNDP. 133 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/39/1901388.gif SENEGAL Long-term holistic vision Senegal ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond A single long-term vision widely agreed Long-Term Holistic Vision within the country is not yet in place. The New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) is the long-term vision cited in the Document de Stratégie de Réduction Country- Country led de la Pauvreté (DSRP) 2003-05, Ownership Partnership Senegal's PRS.134 The DSRP also makes reference to the 20/20 Initiative for universal access to basic social services, endorsed at the 1995 World Summit for Results Focus Social Development. A long-term Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all perspective study supported by UNDP's criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would African Future Program ­ Senegal 2025 ­ therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for is currently under preparation. that axis. Medium-term development strategy medium-term objectives. It focuses on is articulated through both the DSRP and private sector development and better the constitutionally-mandated five-year access to social services to reduce 10th Economic and Social Plan. The poverty, and partially addresses broader DSRP and the 10th Plan are issues like public sector reform and complementary, incorporate existing expenditure management, which are sector strategies and now guide their primarily tackled in the 10th Plan. Senegal update. For example, the second phase of is a UN Millennium Project pilot country. the health sector strategy has been developed to meet the medium-term Action is being taken toward targets identified in the DSRP. A series of strengthening the link between medium- large presidential infrastructure projects, term objectives and the budget. The however, lie outside these strategies, and Government is using the DSRP as the the 10th Plan has not yet been approved by basis for budgetary reform, and moving the President. The Government is toward including in the budget the totality currently preparing a revision of the of spending and enhancing fiscal DSRP. discipline. It has launched sectoral MTEFs in education, health, justice and Some long-term and medium-term environment, linked to the objectives development objectives addressing both identified in the DSRP, in preparation of a social and productive sectors are clearly MTEF for the 2005 general budget. In identified. The DSRP includes long- 2003 the Government also approved two term goals consistent with the action plans supporting public expenditure MDGs, well linked to short- and management reform and made substantial progress in budget preparation and internal control. 134NEPAD was introduced in October 2001. The Government completed the DSRP in April 2002, and a Progress Report in March 2004. 238 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 239 Senegal Country ownership There is also a constitutionally-mandated DSRP preparation was coordinated by an Economic and Social Council, to which existing planning unit within the Ministry all draft social and economic of Economy and Finance (MEF), the programmatic laws as well as the Directorate of Forecasting and Statistics, Economic and Social Plan are submitted staffed with civil servants and supported for advice. The Economic and Social by a Technical Committee comprised of Council was disbanded in 2000. In 2005 it line ministries and a local research was reconvened as Conseil de la institute. However, inter-ministerial République pour les Affaires économiques coordination emerged as a challenge et sociales. during strategy formulation. Civil society organizations were Attempts are being made to broaden involved in DSRP formulation and their government participation in participation in implementation is implementation. Implementation is materializing. As part of DSRP coordinated by another unit in the MEF, preparation, CSOs identified the timetable the Cellule de Suivi du Programme de and terms of reference for consultations in Lutte contre la Pauvreté (CSPLP) under partnership with the government, and the direction of a participatory Steering joined together in an umbrella Committee comprised of government organization that significantly influenced officials from different government the focus of the strategy on issues like institutions. An inter-ministerial council gender and locally-based M&E. There is presided by the Prime Minister oversees an umbrella organization, CONGAD, implementation. which assembles mostly large national NGOs, and a federation of women Action is being taken to establish a associations ­ the Groupements de sustainable structure for continuing Promotion Féminine ­ with a strong government ­ stakeholder dialogue, presence at the local level, which building on strong stakeholder consulted with their members prior to participation in strategy formulation. Most engage with the Government. During stages of the consultation process were DSRP formulation, small CSOs marked by validation seminars, where established an umbrella organization ­ the measures were amended and adopted by Collectif ­ to better channel their various stakeholders. Stakeholders are proposals and recommendations. Trade now represented in the Steering Unions were also consulted during DSRP Committee, which met in June 2004. formulation. CONGAD, the Collectif, the Through the Steering Committee, Groupements de Promotion Féminine, and stakeholders were consulted during Trade Unions are regularly consulted formulation of the Government proposal during implementation and participate in for MCA funds. Regional Steering the Steering Committee and the Regional Committees have been established in all Steering Committees. CONGAD also 11 regions. In 2003 and 2004, participates in the Conseil de la stakeholders participated in regional République pour les Affaires économiques meetings convened by the MEF to provide et sociales. feedback on progress in implementation. National stakeholders are preparing The private sector participated in proposals for the revision of the DSRP. DSRP formulation and its involvement in implementation is materializing. Trade Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 240 Senegal unions, small business organizations and Country-led partnership groups representing the informal sector Government leadership in coordinating joined the Collectif since its creation, external assistance is emerging, especially participated in DSRP formulation, and are through the preparation of several budget consulted during DSRP implementation. support operations. In 2003, for example, Employers' associations also participated the Government and the World Bank in consultations. They participate in the jointly organized a workshop with Steering Committee and the Regional government institutions and external Steering Committees. partners in preparation of the World There has been little parliamentary Bank's PRSC. However, most involvement. National Assembly coordination activities are led by external members participated in thematic groups partners. External partners lead working that discussed the pillars of the strategy. groups with government participation that They also participated in regional, informally convene at the sectoral level, departmental and local consultations, and notably in public sector reforms and social were particularly active within their sectors. The World Bank chaired the most respective constituencies. The Finance recent CG meeting held in Paris in June Committee of the National Assembly 2003. The DSRP is helping to increase discussed the DSRP, but did not approve coordination; it was presented at the 2003 it. The National Assembly is required by CG by the Government as the frame of the Constitution to approve the budget, the reference for assistance to Senegal. programmatic laws identifying the In partnership with the Government, country's economic and social objectives, external partners have started coalescing and the Economic and Social Plan. The 10th Economic and Social Plan has not yet around DSRP objectives. The five major external partners are France, the World been submitted to the National Assembly Bank, the EU, the USA and Japan, and the preparation of the budget has not accounting for approximately 82 percent yet triggered discussion on poverty- of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA related polices and objectives. accounted for 7 percent of GNI in Capacity for planning is strong at the 2003.135 In 2002 the AFD revised its central level and still developing at the program of activities to align it with the local level. In 2003 twenty-four line DSRP. The World Bank Country ministries prepared sector operation Assistance Strategy FY03-05 is based on programs identifying actions to meet the DSRP. The EC Cooperation Strategy DSRP targets, with timetable and budget. and Indicative Program for 2002-07 was In August 2003 the Government prepared in parallel to the DSRP, and organized a national workshop to reflects DSRP priorities. The Directorate harmonize and coordinate them. Since of Forecasting and Statistics of the MEF 1996 responsibilities for local planning participated in the working group set up and delivery of basic social services have by the EC for its preparation. Senegal has been transferred to decentralized entities. been eligible for MCA assistance since However, new responsibilities have not FY04; the funds released through the yet been accompanied by a sufficient MCA would support an infrastructure reallocation of financial and human resources. 135 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/63/24/1878479.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 241 Senegal project broadly in line with NEPAD and sectors in line with the needs identified in DSRP objectives. In 2003 UNDP the DSRP. It also proposes to support introduced a Programme d'Appui à la capacity building for government and Réduction de la Pauvreté, which supports stakeholders in cross-cutting issues such the objectives identified in the DSRP, and as good governance, jointly with UNDP. is revising its support strategy in close The EC provides capacity building in consultation with the Government. A few education, health, water and good external partners, however, maintain governance. The World Bank and UNDP support for programs and projects outside are supporting capacity for data collection the DSRP. within the Directorate of Forecasting and Partnerships in external financial and Statistics. analytical support are emerging. In 2004 Use of country systems has not yet the MEF and the World Bank jointly materialized. Senegal is a harmonization produced a report on poverty. In 2003 a pilot country for the SPA and a pilot CFAA was conducted jointly by the country under the 2003 Rome Declaration Government, AfDB, EC, France, the on Harmonization. The Government is Netherlands, UNDP and the World Bank. considering the possibility to prepare a A CPAR was also conducted jointly by harmonization action plan. The the Government, AfDB, and the World Government actions plans based on the Bank. The Government approved two CFAA and CPAR aim at substantial action plans based on the CFAA and the fiduciary reforms, which could create the CPAR, which were endorsed by all conditions for a move toward the use of external partners. A special working country systems. group was established to support the A few development assistance implementation of these actions plans agencies are taking steps to strengthen both at the technical and financial levels. their presence in the country to better In early 2004, a multi-donor trust fund participate in daily decision making. Since was created to support public management 2000 the World Bank program is managed reforms. The World Bank has launched a by a Country Director based in Dakar. PRSC for 2004-06, whose coordination The EC has a strong presence in the and monitoring will be managed by the country. The AFD program is managed by Cellule de Suivi du Programme de Lutte an office in Dakar. contre la Pauvreté. The EC is planning a multi-annual budget support program Results focus through 2007. CIDA is planning a budget support pilot for the education sector. The quality and availability of poverty- related data is improving. A household Some partnerships are forming survey and a census were conducted in around Government priorities for capacity 2001/2002. A demographic and health development. The DSRP includes survey was conducted in 2004 with the capacity building as one of the key support of USAID. The Government is development objectives and identifies preparing a national statistical specific needs in education, health, water, development strategy, with the support of environment, social capital and good a multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical governance. The World Bank Country Capacity Building, managed by the World Assistance Strategy supports capacity Bank. The Directorate of Forecasting and building in the education and health Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 242 Senegal Statistics is developing new statistical have been distributing summaries of the tools to better capture changes in living DSRP in local languages. standards. The Government is Action is being taken to establish a transforming the Directorate of country-level M&E system. A M&E Forecasting and Statistics into a National system to track progress in DSRP Statistics Institute that is expected to implementation is being developed and strengthen data collection and analysis at integrated with a National Poverty the national level. However, the process Observatory, originally supported by has been slow and the necessary UNDP. In 2003 Regional Monitoring legislative framework was put in place Units were established to track progress in only in August 2003. implementation at the local level. In Information on Government policies consultation with national stakeholders is accessible and efforts are being made to and external partners, the MEF narrowed inform the public on development down the list of DSRP indicators to objectives. There is a website with facilitate data collection. Indicators have information on DSRP implementation, been identified on the basis of the maintained by the MEF.136 However, the statistical capacity to track them as well as Progress Report has not been posted on the existence of data over the last 10 the MEF website and a French version is years. not yet available. Some religious groups 136http://www.finances.gouv.sn SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO Long-term holistic vision Serbia and Montenegro ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The long-term vision guiding Long-Term Holistic Vision policymakers across the political spectrum is EU membership, and the Government is taking steps to sign a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU, as Country- Country well as to define a long-term development led Ownership Partnership vision aimed at laying the foundation for medium-term socio-economic strategies. There are several medium-term strategies, one of which is the Poverty Results Focus Reduction Strategy Paper for the Union of Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all Serbia and Montenegro (PRSP) for 2004- criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would 10.137 The PRSP includes two parts: 1) therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for the PRSP for Serbia and 2) the that axis. Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (DPRS) for Montenegro. The directions in Serbia: 1) economic growth PRSP is not fully aligned with the long- and development; 2) prevention of new term vision of EU membership or with poverty; and 3) efficient implementation other medium-term strategies. In Serbia, of new and existing programs for poverty for example, the PRSP is aligned with reduction. The goals of Montenegro's "Serbia on the Move," presented in DPRS are economic development, November 2003 as a strategy for private infrastructure development, and sector development, and the Republic of environmental protection. Common Serbia Reform Program, which outlines priority sectors are education, Serbia's economic strategy. However, employment, health and social protection, explicit links to the SAp are not made in as well as support for SMEs. The strategy the PRSP. In Montenegro, the DPRS co- is balanced by focusing on cross-cutting exists with another medium-term strategy, issues like minority rights, the the Economic Reform Agenda (ERA), environment, gender, corruption, and which was adopted in 2002. The ERA is decentralization. under revision, and could potentially Links between the PRSP and the incorporate the DPRS. budget are weak in both Serbia and The PRSP incorporates the long-term Montenegro. Serbia developed a MTEF, goals derived from the MDGs, and both which has yet to be rolled out. The MTEF Governments are attempting to forge was designed to meet fiscal requirements, stronger linkages between the targets including budget ceilings for line and planned policy actions. The ministries, with the intention of directing PRSP presents three main strategic increased expenditures towards priority sectors. Montenegro has not developed a MTEF, but increased efforts are underway 137 to link the DPRS to the budget. The PRSP was completed in February 2004. A first Progress Report is expected end-2005. 243 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 244 Serbia and Montenegro Country ownership ­ Serbia civil society and one for labor unions, and The PRSP Management Unit within the civil society also had representatives in Ministry of Social Affairs was in charge the Expert Task Force. NGOs, local of organizational support for PRSP institutions, the media, and religious preparation. The Ministry of Social groups attended the various consultation Affairs also coordinated an Inter- meetings and forums. Ministerial PRSP Steering Committee, The private sector took part in PRSP which provided policy guidance during preparation through a Business strategy formulation. Seven Advisory Community Advisory Committee, which Committees were formed, including included the Employers' Union, the members from local governments and Association of Economists of Serbia, the representatives from line ministries. An Association of Joint-Stock Companies of Advisory Board had representatives from Serbia, the Bakers' Union, the Regional the Advisory Committees, an Expert Task Center for Development of Small and Force, and the Government, with the task Medium Enterprises and the Council for of disseminating information and Foreign Investments. The private sector collecting and organizing comments from also participated in the consultation the Advisory Committees to present to the meetings and forums. Steering Committee. The Expert Task Action has been taken to strengthen Force drafted the PRSP based on Parliamentary involvement in PRSP information gathered by the Steering formulation. A Poverty Reduction Committee, as well as the results of Committee was established in the broad-based consultations. National Assembly as one of the seven A Central unit within the Cabinet of Advisory Committees and the Prime Minister, and under the Deputy Parliamentarians were also involved in Prime Minister, was set up to oversee consultation meetings and forums. The PRSP implementation. The PRSP team Assembly did not approve the PRSP; within the Deputy Prime Minister's office development planning is not under its has initiated a discussion on a process of jurisdiction in accordance with the gradual integration into the General Constitutional Charter. Secretariat/Central Government Office. The Government is still undergoing Stakeholders participated in fundamental institutional changes since consultations for PRSP formulation, and the culmination of the war in Kosovo and there are plans to solicit feedback from the end of the Milosevic regime. Capacity stakeholders during implementation. for implementation is low, and efforts are Consultations, held at the national and often either duplicative or disjointed as a local level, were led by the various result of limited coordination with the institutions of the PRSP formulation Government of Montenegro. In addition, mechanism at every stage of the drafting implementation has slowed down by a process. Moreover, stakeholders have recent change in Government. representatives in the Advisory Committees and the Expert Task Force. Country ownership ­ Montenegro Civil society enjoyed ample The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs representation during PRSP formulation. (MLSA) coordinated DPRS preparation There was an Advisory Committee for through its Management Unit. The Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 245 Serbia and Montenegro MLSA also coordinated the Inter- Federal Assembly did not approve the ministerial Steering Committee, which PRSP. provided policy guidance. Six Advisory Capacity building for implementation Committees were formed, including is low, and the Government is still members from local governments and undergoing fundamental institutional representatives from line ministries. An changes as the country transitions to Advisory Board had representatives from democratic rule after the end of the the Advisory Committees, an Expert Task Milosevic regime. Capacity for Force and the Management Unit, and implementation is low, and efforts are disseminated information and collected often either duplicative or disjointed as a and organized comments from the result of limited coordination with the Advisory Committees to present to the Government of Serbia. In addition, Steering Committee. The Expert Task implementation has slowed down by a Force included representatives from line recent change in Government. ministries, and drafted sector strategies based upon information gathered by the Country-led partnership Steering Committee, as well as the results of broad-based consultations. The The Governments of Serbia and Management Unit is responsible for Montenegro are working to strengthen DPRS implementation. their coordination of external development assistance; this is a challenge Inclusive consultations involved line that is handled separately by each state. In ministries, local governments, and other Serbia, the Ministry of International stakeholders. During PRSP formulation, Economic Relations, through its stakeholder consultations were organized Development and Aid Coordination Unit, by the Advisory Board, and the coordinates and tracks external Management Unit has plans to consult development assistance. Working groups with stakeholders also during PRSP are in place, and meetings with external implementation. partners are led by the EC and the World Civil society participated in DPRS Bank. In Montenegro, the Ministry of preparation through the Civil Society International Economic Relations, through Advisory Committee. Consultations its Donor Assistance Coordination Unit, involved academics, NGOs, the media, coordinates and tracks external and associations of minority groups. development assistance. In Montenegro, however, the responsibility for Private sector involvement was coordination is still shared by various limited, but private sector representatives ministries. took part in DPRS preparation through the Private Sector, Trade Unions and other External partners have yet to fully Social Partners Advisory Committee. align their strategies with the PRSP and the DPRS, but many of their ongoing The Parliamentary Advisory programs are complementary to the Committee included representatives from strategies. The five major external DPRS-related parliamentary committees. partners are the USA, Germany, the UK, This Committee met directly with the EU and France, accounting for representatives from vulnerable groups. approximately 85 percent of gross ODA Montenegro's Assembly did not approve in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 7 percent the DPRS, and at the Union level, the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 246 Serbia and Montenegro of GNI in 2003.138 EC assistance is in Government, the EBRD and the World line with the SAp, and therefore, with Bank. some elements of the PRSP. The World External partners are making limited Bank is planning its first FY05-07 progress in increasing their country Country Assistance Strategy to support presence to strengthen their interactions PRSP goals together with the SAp. with the Government. The World Bank is DFID's Country Assistance Plan working to strengthen its Country Office; explicitly aims to support both the PRSP its Country Director is based in and the SAp. The USAID FY05 Washington. Other development Congressional Budget Justification makes assistance agencies, including major no mention of either the PRSP or the partners, are slow to decentralize their DPRS, but its objectives in the areas of decision-making to the country offices. economic, institutional, and public sector reforms complement the requirements of Results focus ­ Serbia the SAp. Data quality is weak, and not inclusive of External partners and the Government many of the targeted groups in the PRSP. are slowly starting to work in partnership The main sources of data for M&E are the to perform joint analytical or financial Federal Statistics Office (FSO) and work. In 2002, the Government, the Republic Statistics Office (RSO), as well EBRD and the World Bank jointly as the health care system, the National completed a CPAR/CFAA and a Public Bank of Serbia, and line ministries. A Expenditure and Institutional Review. In Living Standards Measurement Survey Serbia, the Government and its major was carried out in 2002-03, and its results partners are beginning to explore the pre- will provide data for redefining indicators requisites for SWAps. in the first progress report. Capacity building efforts are Information about the PRSP is not fragmented. The Government of Serbia, widely available. During PRSP with support from DFID, the EC, UNDP preparation, the media was involved in the and the World Bank, is working to consultations, and covers PRSP develop a capacity building strategy that implementation to a limited extent. would work towards developing institutions in line with EU requirements. The M&E system is in its early stages of development, and will be linked to The Government is leading existing M&E systems within line harmonization efforts, and in January ministries. The Government plans to 2004, presented a harmonization create a Central Team for Monitoring and framework to its external partners. In Evaluation within the Deputy Prime Serbia, the Government has chosen to Minister's Office. The Central Team focus first on policy harmonization rather would coordinate sectoral reports, prepare than system harmonization. An reports for Parliament, and coordinate environmental assessment harmonization information dissemination. Efforts program has been defined by the continue to include the MDGs and SAp indicators within the M&E system. Preliminary poverty monitoring indicators are included in the PRSP and based on the 138 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/12/58/1883506.gif MDGs. They are constantly under review Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 247 Serbia and Montenegro as the Government accounts for additional During DPRS preparation, the media was data from recent surveys. involved in the consultations. The media continues to cover DPRS implementation Results focus ­ Montenegro to a limited extent. Data quality in Montenegro is also A Monitoring Team has been set up weak, but the Government is taking within the Ministry of Labor and Social measures to improve its systems. The Affairs to supervise M&E and devise a main source of data is the statistics office, DPRS M&E system. Other authorities MONSTAT. The last Living Standards responsible for monitoring are line Measurement Survey was undertaken in ministries, the Central Bank of 2002-03, and MONSTAT plans to reform Montenegro, the Institute for Public its Household Budget Survey Health, and research institutions. methodology. Preliminary poverty monitoring indicators Information about the DPRS, as well are included in the DPRS, and these are as the full text, is available on the undergoing review. Government's website in Serbian.139 139http://www.mnprsp.vlada.cg.yu/en/en.html SIERRA LEONE Diamond-rich Sierra Leone has Sierra Leone ­ 2005 experienced political instability and CDF Assessment Diamond military coups since independence from Long-Term Holistic Vision the UK in 1961. A civil war broke out in 1991. A civilian government headed by President Kabbah was elected in 1996 and started peace negotiations, which Country- Country led were interrupted by a new military coup Ownership Partnership that unseated him. President Kabbah returned to power in 1998 and a Peace Agreement was signed in Lome in 1999, Results Focus followed by the formation of a National Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments Unity Government comprised of for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all President Kabbah and the other parties to criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would the conflict. In January 2002 the conflict therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. was officially declared over and demobilization of combatants started. 2001 Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy The enforcement of the Peace Paper (IPRSP), which already incorporated Agreement is supervised by a UN a medium-term development strategy for Peacekeeping Mission (UNAMSIL). 2003-05. It also builds on a National President Kabbah won the presidential Recovery Strategy that the Government and parliamentary elections that were prepared in October 2002 based on a needs held in May 2002. Local elections were assessment of previously inaccessible areas, held in May 2004, the first in 30 years. to address the essential needs of the population and guide the transition from Long-term holistic vision short-term humanitarian assistance to In 2003 the Government completed medium-term development strategy. There Sierra Leone Vision 2025, prepared are also medium-term sector strategies in through a national dialogue launched in education and health, which feed into the 2001 with the support of UNDP. PRSP. The Government has a National The country is consolidating post- Environment Action Plan, completed in conflict recovery through the 1994, but interrupted by the war, the update development of a medium-term and implementation of which is included in development strategy. The Poverty the PRSP. Reduction Strategy Paper: A National Some long- and medium-term Programme for Food Secutrity, Job development goals are being identified. The Creation and Good Governance 2005- IPRSP identified development goals in the 2007 (PRSP) 140 is the medium-term area of education, health, water and strategy for the implementation of sanitation compatible with the MDGs. Vision 2025. The PRSP builds on the However, the IPRSP did not project quantified targets beyond 2005. The PRSP addresses this issue and sets intermediate 140The Government completed the PRSP in targets to track progress toward achieving March 2005. 248 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 249 Sierra Leone the MDGs, and projects them to 2015 and Accountability Act, which addresses and 2025, adapting them to the some of these issues. conditions of the country and a longer time-frame, in line with Vision 2025. Country ownership The strategy addresses key issues As PRSP formulation has unfolded, the for country development beyond the Government has taken a lead role, post-conflict agenda. The IPRSP set the reinforced by the fresh mandate received in stage for addressing long-term issues, the 2002 elections. The Ministry of including security, by focusing on access Development and Economic Planning of the poor to education and health, (MODEP) prepared the IPRSP. In 2002 the accelerating economic recovery, Government established a Poverty resurrecting agriculture, developing Alleviation Strategy Coordinating Office mining resources, and strengthening (PASCO) within the MODEP, to coordinate government institutions. The PRSP PRSP formulation. The Government also furthers the IPRSP focus and builds on established an Inter-Ministerial Committee, three pillars: 1) good governance, chaired by the MODEP, and a Poverty security and peace-building; 2) pro-poor Reduction Steering Committee, also chaired sustainable growth; 3) human by the MODEP and composed of development. The Government has also representatives of key ministries and started to address cross-cutting issues external partners. Four Poverty Reduction such as gender, the environment and the Sector Working Groups (governance and fight against HIV/AIDS. national security, macroeconomic policy and private sector development, transport The Government introduced a and infrastructure, social sector MTEF in 2001 for a poverty reduction development), comprised of key ministries' program for 2002-04 in line with the representatives, external partners and IPRSP objectives, which however had national stakeholders, acted as focal points limited impact on budget allocations. In for PRSP formulation. In February 2004 the 2003 the Government launched a public coordination structure was modified to expenditure tracking survey covering for address administrative and technical the first time all areas of the country and constraints delaying the preparation of the tracking expenditures in education, PRSP. The Government established a health and agriculture. In 2003 the Technical Working Group, comprised of Government also established budget the Director of the Development Assistance oversight committees at the district level Coordinating Office, the Statistician to monitor proper use of allocated General, the Director of Economic Policy resources. However, bottlenecks and of the Ministry of Finance, and PASCO shortcomings still hamper budget National Coordinator, to supervise and formulation. Allocations are not based spearhead PRSP formulation. on projected costs of clearly articulated policies. Sector ministries and the Building on the formulation structures, Ministry of Development and Economic the Government is establishing a Planning are only marginally involved in coordination mechanism for PRSP the formulation of the budget, prepared implementation, backed by high-level by the Ministry of Finance. In leadership. Following the Cabinet's September 2004 the Government approval, the Vice President replaced the completed a new Government Budgeting MODEP in chairing the Inter-Ministerial Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 250 Sierra Leone Committee, which will oversee PRSP The elected District Councils have implementation. PASCO has been established Development Planning moved to the Office of the Vice Committees or District Development President and transformed into a Poverty Committees, chaired by the District Council Reduction Strategy (PRS) Secretariat. Chair and comprised of district/town The Technical Working Group is being councilors, district representatives of line replaced by a National Technical ministries, representatives of national Committee comprised of the technical stakeholders and external partners. These heads of ministries and government Committees will coordinate PRSP departments, representatives of a implementation at the district level, prepare National Commission for Social Action - regular progress reports and an annual the government agency responsible for operational plan and budget. There are also community-driven rural development District-level Budget Oversight and community financing - as well as Committees, composed of fifteen members stakeholder representatives, which will selected through a participatory process at be responsible for developing sectoral the local level. The Committees provide results frameworks, reviewing annual feedback to the Ministry of Finance on plans and district reports, and promoting public expenditures at the local level. civil society participation in Civil society organizations are implementation. The Committee will be involved in strategy formulation and chaired by the PRS Secretariat, implementation of poverty-related policies. supported by the MODEP and the NGOs, CBOs, village communities and Ministry of Finance, and report to the chiefdoms participated in focus group Inter-Ministerial Committee. discussions, participatory poverty Building on extensive consultations assessments and validation workshops. for PRSP formulation, action is being Consultations on mainstreaming gender taken toward establishing a sustainable into the PRSP were held with the Poverty structure for government-stakeholder Reduction Sector Working Groups and a dialogue. Consultations for formulation Gender Advisory Committee set up within of the PRSP were coordinated by the Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and PASCO with the support of the National Children's Affairs. A three-day dialogue Commission for Social Action. They with stakeholders was also held in April built on the participatory structures 2004 to develop a Poverty Reduction established under the 1996 Strategic Gender Action Plan. The participants Planning and Action Process and were included gender activists, professionals, conducted through workshops, focus social workers, NGOs, private sector and group discussions, and participatory civil society representatives. The Women's poverty assessments. A national Forum also held a two-day workshop with consultative conference on the draft women's associations in June 2004 on the PRSP pillars was held in early May 2004 draft PRSP. CSO representatives participate and district level consultations on the in the National Technical Committee and same pillars were conducted in June the Development Planning Committees or 2004. Four workshops were organized District Development Committees. They with stakeholders' representatives at the also participate in the District-level Budget regional level in August 2004, to Oversight Committees. validate the final draft of the PRSP. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 251 Sierra Leone Private sector involvement is still January 2004 there is a Development limited. Private sector representatives Assistance Coordination Office within the participated in focus group discussions, Office of the Vice President, which acts as participatory poverty assessments and the Secretariat of the Development validation workshops. Partnership Committee and coordinates Parliamentarians participated in financial and technical assistance from focus group discussions, participatory bilateral, multilateral and non-governmental poverty assessments and validation organizations. The Government plans to workshops. The Executive submitted to integrate the Development Assistance Parliament the new Government Coordination Office into the PRS Budgeting and Accountability Act. Secretariat. There are also sector working Parliament is mandated by the groups to coordinate assistance at the Constitution to pass the budget but has sectoral level. A CG meeting was held in no mandate to approve national Paris in 2002 and co-chaired by the World development plans. Bank and UNDP. Capacity is rising in the National External partners are moving toward Revenue Authority and the Accountant- aligning their assistance with the PRSP. General Department. However, a limited The five major external partners are the number of civil servants have sufficient USA, the UK, the World Bank, the IMF, skills to implement and monitor policies. the EU, accounting for approximately 71 The Government has launched an percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA institutional reform to strengthen accounted for 38.9 percent of GNI in government institutions and increase 2003.141 USAID has a Transition Strategy efficiency and transparency by through 2006 focusing on reintegration of decentralizing service delivery. The combatants and democratization; no 2004 Local Government Act provides reference is made to the IPRSP or PRSP for transfer of responsibility for preparation. In 2002 DFID signed with the education and health to the District Government a poverty reduction framework Councils. The Government also arrangement for 2002-12; the arrangement established 25 District Finance Offices provides support for the priorities identified to improve management of the health in the IPRSP and supports the formulation system. However, capacity of local of the PRSP. The World Bank Transitional government structures remains limited. Support Strategy for 2002-04 is based on the IPRSP; the Country Assistance Country-led partnership envisaged for 2005 is to be based on the full PRSP. The EC Country Strategy Paper and Efforts are being made to strengthen National Indicative Program for 2003-07 Government leadership of external focuses on infrastructure and good assistance. Since 2003 the Vice governance in line with the IPRSP and President co-chairs with the World Bank supports the Government in the preparation and UNDP a joint Development and implementation of the PRSP. Partnership Committee to coordinate and manage external assistance, including Some partnerships in external financial humanitarian assistance. The and analytical support are emerging. The Development Partnership Committee meets bi-monthly in Freetown. Since 141 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/63/27/1878706.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 252 Sierra Leone World Bank and DFID jointly prepared a including the enactment of a new mini-CFAA and a full CFAA in procurement law, which could facilitate a cooperation with the Government. The move toward the use of country World Bank and DFID conducted a legal procurement systems overtime. There is an and judicial assessment. DFID, the EC, Anti-Corruption Commission, which has UNDP and the World Bank jointly completed a National Anti-Corruption supported the Government and CSOs in Strategy. conducting a governance diagnostic Some development assistance agencies assessment. The World Bank and the have started decentralizing their structures AfDB agreed on a Memorandum of to better participate in day-to-day decision Understanding for a joint Country making. The World Bank Country Director Portfolio Performance Review, to be is based in Ghana, and the program is undertaken in 2005. The Government, coordinated by a Country Office in AfDB, UNDP and the World Bank Freetown. DFID, the EC and USAID also jointly prepared an Issues Paper on have a presence in the country. Public Procurement. AfDB, DFID, the EC and the World Bank are developing a Results focus common framework for Multi-Donor Budget Support for the period 2006-08. Elements exist for improving the quality The framework is expected to be and availability of poverty-related data. In negotiated in the first half of 2005. 2002 the Ministry of Health conducted an HIV/AIDS survey. In March 2003 two Some capacity building support is PPAs were conducted in 42 communities in being provided through partnerships and all the districts. Additional assessments in line with government priorities but were done in 14 communities in March most is still fragmented. The 2004. The exercises covered four Government has an Institutional Reform communities per district, including the and Capacity Building Program, based Western, Urban, and Rural areas. The on the 1997 National Governance selection of communities was based on Strategy, and focusing on criteria such as geographical location, decentralization and accountability, levels of deprivation, economic activity, integrated into the PRSP. Some ethnicity, language and remoteness. A total partnerships are forming around this number of 8,591 community members program. For example, DFID, the EC participated in the PPAs nationwide. In and the World Bank coordinate capacity 2003 the Government also conducted a development for public financial Household Income Expenditure Survey, management. and is conducting a Poverty and Social Some work has been done toward Impact Analysis. It is preparing a national harmonizing with country systems. The statistical development strategy with the World Bank and other external partners support of a multi-donor Trust Fund for are conducting joint missions and Statistical Capacity Building managed by adopting common implementation the World Bank. arrangements to support the An integrated financial management Government's Institutional Reform and system is not yet in place but the Capacity Building Program. The Accountant-General Department has Government developed a comprehensive established a computerized Financial reform program for public procurement Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 253 Sierra Leone Management System, which is Elements exist for developing a significantly improving availability of country-level M&E system. The IPRSP financial data. An Integrated Financial focused on a limited number of monitorable Management System is planned and indicators. The MOPED is expanding the expected to be developed in late 2005. monitoring indicators for the PRSP to Information on Government policies include qualitative indicators identified is being made available. The during focus group discussions and PPA Government conducts periodic consultations. Intermediate indicators were information campaigns in villages and developed to track implementation of local communities on budgetary poverty-related policies and programs, and provisions and service delivery at the included in the draft PRSP. External local level. The PRSP is not yet posted partners are working toward supporting the on any government website. Government to establish a common M&E system to track progress in decentralization and embedded into government structures. SRI LANKA Long-term holistic vision Sri Lanka ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The new Government of Sri Lanka has Long-Term Holistic Vision officially withdrawn the existing PRS, "Regaining Sri Lanka: Vision and Strategy for Accelerated Development", which outlined a long-term vision. A Country- Country revised PRS is under preparation.142 led Ownership Partnership Preparations for the revised PRS have been severely affected by the tsunami, however, and the Government's priority is to cope with its aftermath. Three task Results Focus forces have been established to handle Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all recovery and relief, reconstruction and criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would internal security. An additional challenge therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for will be to integrate the post-tsunami that axis. reconstruction program with the revised PRS, as some of the affected areas were The goals of the upcoming PRS are also among the poorest. being tailored to provide a stronger link to the MDGs. Because the country is close to Some elements of the withdrawn attaining many of the MDGs, for example strategy are expected to be retained, but in the area of universal education, the PRS others revised. The new strategy is places greater emphasis on the country's expected to be more pro-poor, but also previous and effective social sector much more state-led. The PRS worked investments by focusing more on private- alongside the other medium-term strategy, sector led-growth. It also attaches priority the Framework for Relief, Rehabilitation to achieving gender integration and and Reconciliation (RRR), which focuses environmental goals. on relief efforts and post-conflict intervention with three immediate A link between the budget and the priorities: 1) de-mining; 2) return of PRS is lacking. However, the Government internally displaced persons; and 3) is moving towards the adoption of multi- restoration of essential social services. year, performance-oriented budgeting. The RRR framework is still in place but The Government relies on the sector and has been largely overtaken by the Needs program approach as a way to channel Assessment for the Conflict Affected expenditures towards priority sectors. In Areas, prepared jointly by the World 2003, the Fiscal Responsibility Act was Bank, ADB and the UN in May 2003. passed, including a three-year budget with poverty reduction programs. Country ownership The National Council for Economic 142"Regaining Sri Lanka: Vision and Strategy for Development (NCED), chaired by the Accelerated Development" was completed in Secretary of the Ministry of Finance and December 2002. The revised PRS is expected Planning, has replaced the Ministry of mid-2005. 254 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 255 Sri Lanka Policy Development and Implementation there are plans to consult with the private (MPDI), chaired by the Prime Minister, as sector upon completing a first draft of the the lead PRS agency during formulation updated strategy. and implementation. The MPDI has now Parliament was not involved in PRS been closed down, and planning for the consultations, and it did not approve the upcoming PRS has been delegated to the strategy. There is no constitutional Ministry of Finance and Planning. provision that requires parliamentary Consultations for the original PRS were approval of national development led by the former MPDI over a period of planning, although Parliament has the three years, during which time the MPDI exclusive right to turn development plans also posted the draft PRS on its website into law. Many of the reforms resulting for comments. The NCED has eighteen from the PRS were approved as sector clusters working on PRS legislation in Parliament, but with little formulation, and has plans to consult with debate on their substance. stakeholders in the formulation of the updated strategy. There is capacity for planning, but less so for implementation. Political Stakeholders contributed to the tensions and rivalry remain high after formulation of the first draft PRS through parliamentary elections in April 2004, and meetings and national workshops. the cease-fire has yet to find a political However, most of the consultations took resolution. It is difficult, therefore, for the place in English, restricting the Government to integrate the North and the participation of many groups. In addition, East, where livelihoods have been the stakeholders involved were not severely disrupted. The Government is representative of society as a whole, making an effort to strengthen the leaving out groups that represented the capacity of line ministries and especially political opposition at the time. of new institutions, like the NCED, Civil society was involved in PRS created to support the PRS. formulation, namely through the participation of think tanks and women's Country-led partnership groups in the national workshops and A new Government-led external partner meetings organized by the MPDI. The coordination mechanism is underway, but new Government has postponed its plans still at an early stage. There is a main to consult with civil society and academia group that holds quarterly meetings in January 2005 to revise the updated draft chaired by the Minister of Finance and PRS. A few academics participate in Planning, with three Government-led sub- policy formulation as members of the groups on Access to Services, Governance National Council for Economic and RRR, and Economic Reform and Development (NCED). Development, which meet every 1-2 The private sector participated in the months. Three partners serve as deputies workshops and meetings for the to these groups (UNICEF, the Netherlands formulation of the first PRS, and and the IMF), and an externally-financed individual businessmen led most of the Trust Fund supports the process. The Steering Committees. A few members of Government had plans to lead a CG the private sector remain involved in PRS meeting in late 2004 in Colombo, but the formulation as part of the NCED, and meeting was postponed due to lack of Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 256 Sri Lanka progress in the peace process and the Capacity building is still largely withdrawal of the PRS. Another meeting fragmented. Although most external is tentatively scheduled for mid-2005 if partners support capacity-building the peace talks resume and the new PRS is initiatives, the Government does not have available. A Donors Forum in January a coherent strategy around which they can 2005 to discuss the PRS was replaced by align their efforts. meetings that focused instead on post- The Government is taking the tsunami reconstruction and recovery initiative towards harmonization with efforts. country systems, but has yet to devise a Alignment of external partners concrete action plan. External partners around a medium-term strategy is on hold have agreed to harmonize procedures as the revised PRS has yet to be finalized. around sector strategies. The first targeted Partners were, however, slowly starting to sector is the environment, where external align their assistance with the previous partners plan to harmonize environmental strategy. The six major external partners assessments and programs. are Japan, ADB, the World Bank, the External partners are increasing their IMF, Germany and Norway, accounting presence in the country in an effort to for approximately 90 percent of gross strengthen their relationship with the ODA in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 3.7 percent of GNI in 2003.143 The World Government and facilitate day-to-day interactions. The World Bank's Country Bank's FY03-06 Country Assistance Director is based in Colombo, and efforts Strategy is aligned with the former PRS, are underway to strengthen the Country and the ADB's 2005-06 Country Strategy Office. The ADB's Resident Mission is and Program mirrors PRS goals in some headed by a Country Director, and carries areas. In 2004, Sri Lanka was selected as out most operations in a decentralized one of the eligible countries to receive manner. Similar efforts are underway in MCC assistance. other development assistance agencies. External partners are undertaking some joint analytical work, but have yet to Results focus work in partnership to provide financial Efforts are underway to increase the support. Some examples of joint frequency of data collection, and also to analytical work are an Assessment of expand it to the provincial level, as well as Needs in the Conflict-Affected Areas, the North and East of the country, where completed in 2003 by the World Bank, information is scattered and outdated. UN and ADB; a Sri Lanka Investment The Department of Census and Statistics Climate and Productivity Study, prepared (DCS) is responsible for maintaining a in 2004 by ADB and the World Bank; and database for monitoring poverty reduction a Preliminary Damage and Needs targets. The two largest data collection Assessment, completed in early 2005 by agencies are the DCS and the Central ADB, the World Bank and Japan. The Bank of Sri Lanka. The Government Government received budget support from lacks a source of annual data because the World Bank through PRSCs, the first household surveys are conducted at five of which was approved in 2003. year intervals. The last Household Income and Expenditure Survey was 143 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/7/1878751.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 257 Sri Lanka conducted in 2000, and the next one is M&E systems are being designed expected in 2005. with the intent to provide a stronger link The Government's plans for PRS with the MDGs. The National Operations dissemination through the Program Room of the MPDI, in charge of Management Committee were abandoned. coordinating M&E efforts, was closed There will be a renewed effort at down, and its responsibilities transferred communications when the revised PRS is to the Ministry of Finance and Planning. developed. The media is often involved in With the support of the World Bank's political debates, including discussions of STATCAP program, the Government has the PRS. The Government is required by started redefining indicators and law through the Fiscal Responsibility Act, increasing the capacity of line ministries to report on expenditure performance and and agencies in data collection and budget execution every six months. The analysis. reports go to Parliament, and they are posted on the Ministry of Finance website.144 144http://www.priu.gov.lk/index.html SUDAN Africa's largest country, Sudan has a Sudan ­ 2005 wealth of assets ranging from oil to a CDF Assessment Diamond vast agricultural and livestock resource Long-Term Holistic Vision base. Its potential growth has been hampered by a devastating civil war that is ongoing since 1983. The negative effects on Sudan's economy include a Country- Country led ruined infrastructure base, severe loss of Ownership Partnership life and diminished human capital, food insecurity, and weak governance structures. Among the main issues Results Focus fueling the conflict are the distribution of Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments resources - namely oil revenues - and for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all power, as well as factors of religion and criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would ethnicity. Consolidating the peace talks therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. that began in 2002, a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed on January 9, 2005 by the Government of Long-term holistic vision Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), the Ongoing civil war has prevented the major rivaling parties in the conflict. Government from undertaking an inclusive The key elements of the CPA include a national long-term vision exercise. Power Sharing Agreement whereby a The Government has begun the process new Government of Southern Sudan of preparing an IPRS with assistance from (GoSS) has been granted important the World Bank and UNDP. A draft IPRS powers, a Wealth Sharing Agreement was completed in early 2004 by the which inter alia gives the South 50 National Government, with no involvement percent of revenues, a Security Protocol of the SPLM. The National Government that will incorporate the various armed subsequently worked directly with the factions into an institutionalized national SPLM as part of a Joint Assessment army, and specific considerations for the Mission (JAM), and the parties agreed on a Three Areas where much of the conflict Poverty Eradication Strategy Concept Note, took place. While the situation between setting out how a PRS initiative could be the North and South has improved, undertaken for the country as a whole. A violence has escalated in the western medium-term strategy was completed in province of Darfur between what are March 2005, the Framework for Sustained believed to be government-backed Peace, Development and Poverty militias ­ the Janjaweed - and the Sudan Eradication, based on the findings of the Liberation Army (SLA), resulting in JAM and Poverty Eradication Strategy what the United Nations has deemed to concept note.145 The Framework be the world's worst humanitarian crisis. underlines a strategy to consolidate peace in The ongoing conflict in Western Sudan accordance with the CPA and promote remains a threat to the peace agreement between the North and South. 145An IPRS is expected end-2005. 258 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 259 Sudan broad-based human and economic implementation of institutions and development in two phases. The first processes under the CPA ­ and more phase of the Framework covers the equitable resource distribution among the transitional and critical years from 2005- different regions. The successful 07, and the second phase, the medium- implementation of the transitional phase term period 2008-11. will allow the second phase, Accelerating The Framework incorporates Progress toward the MDGs, to take off. medium-term targets in line with the Given the wide disparities within the MDGs; it is expected that the initial regions, particularly in terms of capacity, peace consolidation phase will set the the Framework differs slightly in the North, groundwork for the second phase of the South and the Three Areas. In this strategy to focus specifically on medium-term second phase, the National development issues and accelerating Government also focuses on private sector progress towards the MDGs. The targets development, and increasing overall are tailored to country and region- poverty reduction expenditures. The specific circumstances, with a different Framework, at both the regional and set of indicators for the North and South national level, encompasses a variety of to account for the vast development gap cross-cutting issues, including gender between the regions, and also within the integration, institutional development, Northern region, which incorporates the environmental protection, decentralization, Three Areas. HIV/AIDS and conflict prevention. The Framework is well-balanced in The Framework includes detailed its considerations and sequencing of costed projections for the transitional phase, development programs. The JAM's 2005-07. An important share of the cost ­ work leading up to the Framework about two-thirds ­ will be financed consisted of eight cluster groups, each of domestically. Beginning in 2005, the which conducted the relevant research national budget demonstrates a and designed prioritized interventions commitment to the priorities identified by for specific topics ­ namely institutional the Framework in its increased expenditures development and capacity building; towards poverty reduction programs and an governance and the rule of law; increased share of budget allocations economic policy and management; toward the Three Areas and Southern productive sectors; basic social services; Sudan. The cost estimates of the infrastructure; livelihoods and social Framework cover 20 sub-sectors within the protection; and information. Underlying eight clusters. The cost analysis includes the Framework is an explicit projections for the medium-term, 2008-11. acknowledgement of the need to However, the projected costs of strategy consolidate the peace and resolve implementation do not include costs related governance and resource distribution to debt relief, rehabilitation of the Darfur issues that could generate conflict in the region which remains in conflict, future. The first and transitional phase, humanitarian operations, and a Consolidating the Peace, focuses mainly Disarmament, Demobilization and on issues like security, reconciliation, Reintegration program. peace building, food security, return of displaced persons, provision of basic services, governance ­ including the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 260 Sudan Country ownership Capacity remains an overwhelming External partners have been involved constraint for the implementation of the directly and intensely in the preparation Framework. War-torn areas of the country of the Framework. The National are in dire need of infrastructure and basic Government and the SPLM aided in the social services. Education levels are formulation of the Framework through extremely low in the South, and human their participation in the JAM, which capacity is extremely weak. The Three was co-led by the World Bank and the Areas maintain a militia presence, which UN. A Joint National Transition Team points to the fragility of the peace and (JNTT) was formed to coordinate constrains development efforts in those matters related to the Framework and its areas. The Darfur province remains in implementation. The JNTT comprises conflict and the situation of Internally both the National Government and the Displaced Persons (IDPs) and refugees Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS), continues to worsen. The Government and coordinates the monitoring itself is weak and requires assistance for its framework through its M&E Technical institutions to carry out their mandates and Unit. The Government also established lead reconstruction efforts. a Higher Committee at the ministerial Country-led partnership level, overseen by the Council of Ministers, to help in the formulation of The Government provides limited the Framework. The finalized leadership over development assistance Framework was approved by the coordination. In May 2003, a meeting was National Government's Council of held in Nairobi and chaired by the World Ministers, as required by the Bank - with the participation of both the Constitution, and the SPLM Leadership National Government and the SPLM - Council. during which external partners including USAID, the UN, and the IMF started the Civil society and the private sector work of a Joint Planning Mechanism to were involved in preparing the JAM assist in developing priorities and drawing Framework, both through frequent up action plans. The JAM drew extensively workshops and stakeholder on the engagement of external partners, consultations. In addition, reference with a total of about ten bilateral, seven focal points were appointed for each multilateral and seventeen UN agencies JAM cluster to provide links between involved in the assessment. Strong teams and the external partner/NGO participation in the JAM by national community, and a series of stakeholder authorities helped facilitate and consultations were organized in both institutionalize regular meetings with Khartoum and Nairobi, to give CSOs external partners. External partners and other stakeholders the opportunity to coordinate many of their activities through provide input to the emerging JAM the JAM, and established a Core strategy and priorities. Coordination Group within it, chaired by Sudan's Constitution requires that the Government of Norway, as the the National Assembly approve national decision-making body. The last JAM programs in all areas. The National meeting in Kenya, in March 2005, gave the Assembly has not yet approved the JAM ­ including the Government ­ a Framework. chance to present the finalized Framework. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 261 Sudan Discussions are underway to establish a with the Wealth Sharing Protocol of the Sudan Consortium, which would bring CPA, through which they will pool their together external partners, the funds to carry out the transitional strategy. Government ­ National and GoSS ­ and One MDTF is destined for the National civil society twice a year. Government, including the Three Areas, There are elements of alignment and the other for the GoSS; both MDTFs among external partners in the provision will be administered by the World Bank. of external assistance, and these efforts Most external partners continue to provide will likely increase with the introduction assistance outside the MDTFs as well. of the Framework around which partners There are elements of coordination can focus their assistance. The five around the provision of capacity building, major external partners are the USA, the which constitutes one of the main topics EU, Arab Countries, Norway and the analyzed by the Framework. One of the UK, accounting for approximately 84 aims of the MDTFs is to coordinate percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA external technical assistance and focus accounted for 3.8 percent of GNI in intensely on local capacity building 2003.146 External partners are gradually programs. Many external partners are providing increased support as a result of focusing strongly on capacity building the CPA, and the USA and the UN have efforts at the institutional level, in order to been supportive of development facilitate the implementation of the CPA. programs, mostly in the areas of IDPs, Little to no action is being taken to refugee resettlement, and infrastructure harmonize divergent procedures and and institutional development. The policies of external partners with country World Bank and the UN, as the leading systems. Stronger efforts are in place to external partners behind the JAM, are harmonize among external partners. Sudan tailoring their assistance strategies to the is one of the pilot countries in a recent Framework, as are other partners like OECD initiative to harmonize international Norway, the EC and DFID. engagement in fragile states. Italy and External partners have taken action Norway are leading an initiative to develop to create partnerships through joint a Memorandum of Understanding with the analytical and financial work. The JAM National Government and the SPLM on consisted of a one-year effort, led by the development assistance modalities, with the World Bank and UN with multiple goal of avoiding the current duplication of external partners involved, to develop an delivery mechanisms in the North and in-depth analysis of the economic and South of the country. development situation in Sudan and to External partners are slowly increasing design a coordinated reconstruction their presence in the country in order to response in partnership with the better participate in day-to-day activities Government and alongside the CPA. and interactions with the Government. The External partners have agreed to provide World Bank and the UN have increased financing through two Multi-Donor their presence through the JAM. The Trust Funds (MDTFs) in accordance World Bank's Country Director is based in Addis Ababa, since its Country Office in 146 OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at Sudan was closed in 1993 due to significant http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/63/52/1878796.gi arrears on past debt-servicing obligations. f Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 262 Sudan As part of the Country Reengagement Family Health Survey and the NSCSE will Strategy, a Country Manager will be carry out a Multiple Indicators Cluster based in Khartoum. A World Bank sub- Survey. A national census is also in the office is also being established to planning stages. A well-developed cash- coordinate the implementation of the based financial management system exists Framework in Southern Sudan. at the national level and in the northern States, with a monthly reporting system to Results focus closely monitor government accounts and The availability of data on poverty and to avoid overspending. expenditures is limited and varies by A plan for disseminating information region. In war-torn areas and in the about the Framework, as well as the CPA, South, poverty statistics are limited in is under discussion. The Government plans scope and their reliability questionable. to work in partnership with civil society in The last Population and Housing Census its dissemination efforts. The full text of the was conducted in 1983 by the Framework, including the cluster reports, Department of Statistics and the last can be found on the JAM website.147 Household Income and Expenditure Survey was conducted in 1978. In A Monitoring Framework is under 1989/90 a Demographic Health Survey design and included in the Framework. was conducted by the Ministry of M&E was designed around the eight Economics and National Planning, clusters of the JAM, and within each cluster covering 80% of the total population, but the teams identified key indicators and excluding the three conflict-affected agencies to monitor progress. M&E will be regions in the South and the nomadic monitored at the level of the implementing population in the North. The Central agencies, which will in turn report to core Bureau of Statistics (CBS) in the North, M&E agencies within the National and the New Sudan Center for Statistics Government, the GoSS and the JNTT. The and Evaluation (NSCSE) in the South, Government has yet to build a central M&E are the main agencies in charge of Unit within the JNTT, as well as cross- gathering poverty-related data. The sectoral M&E units for the National Framework includes a strategy to Government and GoSS. Indicators have integrate these in the future, as well as been identified within each of the eight other statistical databases within line cluster groups relating to progress on ministries, into a unified system. In reconstruction, development and poverty 2005, the CBS has plans to carry out a eradication through 2007. 147http://www.unsudanig.org/JAM/drafts/index.jsp TAJIKISTAN Long-term holistic vision Tajikistan ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond There is a constitutionally-mandated long- Long-Term Holistic Vision term Socio-economic Development Plan prepared by the Executive and approved by Parliament. The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), Tajikistan's Country- Country PRS,148 identifies long-term goals through led Ownership Partnership 2015. The PRSP identifies medium-term objectives linked to a set of policies Results Focus through 2006. While it is not yet fully Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments integrated with the long-term Socio- for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all economic Development Plan, efforts are criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for underway to link the two very closely. that axis. The Government is currently preparing a comprehensive medium-term energy education, health, and water and strategy, linked to a compensatory sanitation. In 2005 other sectors and MDG mechanism to cushion the effects of goals ­ poverty reduction, gender increases on energy tariffs for the poor, equality, food security and improved and has initiated a reform of the health- international cooperation ­ will be care and education systems in line with included in the analysis. the PRSP. It is piloting a reform of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, The strategy is addressing key issues and is developing a comprehensive public for country development. The main administration strategy. The Government elements of the PRSP are 1) labor- also prepared a Public Investment intensive, export-oriented and socially-fair Program for 2004-06 to guide external growth, 2) fair and efficient provision of support for the implementation of the first basic social services, 3) targeted support phase of the PRSP. However, the Public to the poorest and 4) efficient governance Investment Program is not fully coherent and security. The PRSP also addresses with the PRSP objectives. gender issues. PRSP goals are consistent with the The Government prepared a MTEF, MDGs and tailored to country but implementation has been slow due to circumstances, with intermediate targets insufficient inter-ministerial coordination set for 2006. Tajikistan is a UN in public investment programming and Millennium Project pilot country. The UN lack of capacity. The Government has, Country Team conducted an initial MDG however, made some progress in linking needs assessment, focusing on PRSP education objectives with the budget. Public expenditure in education has increased and substantial progress is being achieved in guaranteeing better 148The Government completed the PRSP in June quality and access to basic education for 2002 and a first Progress Report in March 2004. A the poor. second Progress Report is expected mid-2005. 263 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 264 Tajikistan Country ownership for PRSP formulation (about eight percent The Office of the Presidential of their members came from civil society). Administration took the lead in launching Two national NGOs, supported by an PRSP formulation, set up the consultation international NGO, formed a coalition ­ mechanism, maintained control over NGO Against Poverty ­ and conducted PRSP content, and is now the central twenty roundtables throughout the country focus for PRSP implementation. In line with representatives of grass-roots NGOs, with the objective of mainstreaming the CBOs, and local government. They PRSP with the SEDP the Government is consolidated qualitative data on poverty as now planning to move the PRSP unit to well as proposals for further action the Ministry of Economy and Trade, collected during the roundtables into a which has been also responsible for the poverty assessment, which fed into the Socio-economic Development Plan. PRSP. Since then, however, little action has been taken to involve them in PRSP formulation was coordinated monitoring and implementing PRSP by a Presidential Working Group (PWG) policies. composed of line ministries' officials and academics and chaired by the State Private sector involvement is limited. Advisor to the President on economic The National Association of Small and policy. The PWG convened nine working Medium-Size Businesses, a NGO groups for the formulation of the PRSP, established to protect the legal interests of and organized throughout the country small and medium enterprises, fifty-six seminars and roundtables with participated in the PRSP formulation stakeholders. PRSP implementation is working groups. coordinated by a PRSP Monitoring Tajik legislation requires Department in the President's Office. parliamentary approval of socio-economic Participation of line ministries is limited. programs, and parliament approved the A sustainable structure for continuing PRSP in 2002. Its involvement in PRSP government ­ stakeholder dialogue is preparation was limited to a few gradually emerging. The working groups parliamentarians participating in the established by the PWG have been working groups and most replaced by an Expert Consultative parliamentarians were unaware of PRSP Group, comprised of representatives of content and objectives. government, parliament, NGOs, CBOs, Planning capacity is not yet and local government. However, the developed and significant bottlenecks Expert Consultative Group has been slow undermine implementation. Institutional to become a fully functioning body. In weaknesses and poor governance limit the December 2004 the PRSP Monitoring utilization of committed resources. Department organized a seminar for local Corruption and lack of transparency in government representatives to discuss government agencies undermine private their role in PRSP implementation. sector development, identified in the Civil society organizations have been PRSP as key to support sustainable involved in PRSP formulation but their growth and poverty reduction. The involvement in implementation is limited. Government has taken some steps to NGOs, trade unions and academics streamline administrative practices, but participated in the working groups set up significant barriers remain. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 265 Tajikistan Country-led partnership portfolio for FY04 does not refer to the There is diffuse responsibility for PRSP. development assistance coordination, but There are some partnerships in the PRSP has strengthened awareness of external financial and analytical support. the need for a stronger and more proactive The World Bank is working with ADB on government role. Besides responsibilities a Governance and Institutional Review. for coordination within the Ministry of Some external partners including DFID External Trade and the Ministry of are providing support for community- Finance, an Aid Coordination Unit was linked development initiatives through a established in 2001 in the President's National Social Investment Fund. The Office to coordinate development World Bank envisages a PRSC in FY06. assistance. The Aid Coordination Unit is External partners largely maintain stand- becoming the focal point for coordination alone projects with different reporting, with the support of external partners. monitoring and implementation External partners hold regular procedures. coordination meetings for the health, Capacity building is largely education and agriculture sectors, in fragmented. The Government has which government officials participate. In designed a technical assistance program May 2003 a CG meeting was held for the for capacity building in line with PRSP first time in Tajikistan and co-chaired by priorities, but progress in aligning external the Government and the World Bank. A partners' capacity building with the first follow-up meeting was held in program is slow. Dushanbe in November 2003. A second meeting was held in London in February External partners have started 2004, co-chaired by the Government and decentralizing their structures to better the World Bank. In November 2004, a CG participate in day-to-day decision making. meeting was held in Tajikistan, co-chaired In 1999 JICA established an office in the by the Government and the World Bank. region to coordinate its program, followed by ADB, which opened a Resident External partners are aligning their Mission in the country in 2003. The assistance with the PRSP. The five major World Bank program is managed by a external partners are the USA, the EU, Country Director based in Kazakhstan and Japan, ADB and the World Bank, a Country Office in Dushanbe; teams accounting for approximately 79 percent based in the country and the region deal of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA with portfolio management and accounted for 11.9 percent of GNI in 2003.149 ADB, the EC, and the World operations. Bank have prepared assistance strategies Results focus in line with PRSP priorities. In March 2004, the ADB and the World Bank Elements exist for improving the quality undertook a joint portfolio review to and availability of poverty-related data. A better align their existing programs with census was conducted in 2000, and the country objectives. The USAID assistance World Bank conducted a living standards survey in 2003. However, little data are available on social indicators at the local level. There is no official poverty standard 149 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/20/1882885.gif and different methods are used to measure Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 266 Tajikistan poverty. The Government is addressing posted on a government-run website. some of these issues and prepared a There was substantial media coverage of national statistical development strategy, the seminars and roundtables held during with the support of a multi-donor Trust PRSP formulation. The PRSP includes a Fund for Statistical Capacity Building, list of the members of the working groups managed by the World Bank. Some without, however, identifying the progress has been made in improving institutions they represent. Limited action financial management information. Since has been taken in informing national the enactment of a 2002 Law on State stakeholders on PRSP implementation. Finance, budget documents are more A country-level M&E system is at comprehensive and provide detailed early stages. Monitoring indicators were estimates for the budget year as well as reduced from 136 to 94 during the information on forecasts for the next two preparation of the Progress Report. The following years. However, there is no PRSP Monitoring Department contributed single system to track expenditures across to a separate government report on different government institutions. progress towards achieving the MDGs, Accounting and financial reporting is still prepared by a working group including insufficient. There is no integrated government officials, UN agencies and computer system and many government NGOs. Different government agencies use departments have little access to different methodologies and parameters to information technology. track indicators. Information on Government polices is not yet easily accessible. The PRSP is not TANZANIA Long-term holistic vision Tanzania ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Vision 2025, developed by the Planning Long-Term Holistic Vision Commission under the auspices of the President's Office with the support of UNDP, Japan, the EU and Ireland and adopted in 1999, is recognized by policy Country- Country makers as Tanzania's long-term vision. It led Ownership Partnership identifies development objectives through 2025 and focuses on high quality of livelihood, peace and stability, good governance, a well-educated society, and Results Focus a competitive economy. At the same time Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments as it was preparing Vision 2025, the Vice for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would President's Office developed a National therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for Poverty Eradication Strategy, adopted in that axis. 1998, as a long-term strategy for poverty reduction trough 2010, linked to the 2009/10 and continue moving toward the Vision and identifying strategic achievement of the Vision 2025 and the interventions in education, health and National Poverty Eradication Strategy nutrition, water, agriculture, and rural objectives. It has also prepared sector roads. Objectives identified in the Vision strategies for agriculture, private sector and the National Poverty Eradication development, secondary education, health, Strategy are largely compatible. environment, and the financial sector, A development strategy is in place, which have fed into the draft NSGRP. has strengthened the long-term visions' Local governments are responsible for coherence, and its revision is helping the service delivery for primary education, Government move toward a longer primary health, rural roads and water; they medium-term planning time frame. The prepare district development plans, which Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) are not yet fully aligned with the PRS and 2000/01-02/03150 is the three-year strategy the NSGRP. for poverty reduction and builds on Vision The objectives identified in the PRS 2025 and the National Poverty Eradication respond to the country needs and are Strategy. The Government has conducted coherent with the MDGs. The MDGs are a one-year review of the PRS and used as reference points for measuring prepared a draft five-year National progress in education, health and water Strategy for Growth and Reduction supply. The draft NSGRP builds on the of Poverty (NSGRP), which was endorsed PRS goals and introduces a policy matrix by the Cabinet in February 2005, to with development objectives linked to update policies and programs through strategies and policies for achieving them. 150 Implementation and revision of the The Government completed the PRSP in October 2000. It finalized a fist Progress Report in PRS are helping the Government August 2001, a second Progress Report in March strengthen a comprehensive approach to 2003, and a third Progress Report in April 2004. 267 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 268 Tanzania development through an outcome-based Country ownership approach. The PRS identifies policy The Vice President's Office led the objectives and interventions in seven preparation of the National Poverty priority sectors: basic education, primary Eradication Strategy and the PRS. PRS health, water, rural roads, judiciary, formulation was coordinated by a Steering agriculture, and HIV/AIDS. The draft Committee chaired by the Vice President - NSGRP moves beyond priority sectors composed of central and line ministers and identifies outputs guiding and the Governor of the Central Bank - a Government policies in three areas: 1) PRS Technical Committee composed of growth and poverty reduction; 2) high-ranking government officials from improvement of quality of life and social central and line ministries and supported well-being; 3) governance and by a PRS Secretariat within the Vice accountability. President's Office, and an Inter- The PRS is linked to the budget Ministerial Research and Analysis through a MTEF and participatory PERs, Working Group. The Ministry of Finance, and the Government is moving toward an the Central Bank and some sector output-based budget. The establishment of ministries such as health and education a MTEF dates back to 1998. In 1997 the played a lead role on the policy content of Government started participatory PERs, the PRS. which underpin budget formulation and The Vice President's Office informs the preparation of the MTEF. coordinates PRS implementation and the There is a PER working group, chaired by formulation of the NSGRP through the the Ministry of Finance, and sector PRS Secretariat and the PRS Technical working groups on public sector Committee. However, overall management, local government, justice, responsibility for planning lies in the education, health, agriculture, water, President's Office for Planning and roads, environment, HIV/AIDS, and Privatization, and strong links between the gender, composed of sector ministries, President's Office, the Vice President's national stakeholders and external Office and the Ministry of Finance did not partners. The MTEF and PERs have develop during PRS implementation. allowed for significant improvements in NSGRP formulation is starting to address strategic resource allocation in priority this issue. The draft NSGRP envisages a areas identified in the PRS. Real per lead role of the President's Office for capita spending for PRS priority sectors Planning and Privatization in such as agriculture, education, health, incorporating NSGRP priorities in the HIV/AIDS, water and roads increased MTEF and budget guidelines. between FY99 and FY03. Between seventy and ninety percent of local A sustainable structure for continuous government spending is financed through government ­ stakeholder dialogue is transfers from the central government and solidly in place. The PRS Technical approximates overall expenditure in Committee, supported by the PRS priority sectors for most local Secretariat, held several national and government. The Government is using the zonal workshops on key sectoral NSGRP policy matrix as the framework strategies, and organized a national for the preparation of a revised MTEF and consultative workshop in July 2001 on the the 2005/06 budget. first Progress Report. In September 2002, Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 269 Tanzania October 2003 and November 2004 it Investors Round Tables, the last of which organized a series of Poverty Policy was held at the end of 2004. The Weeks ­ a regular forum to review Government has also approved a Business progress in PRS implementation involving Environment Strengthening in Tanzania government officials, national (BEST). However, a forum to incorporate stakeholders and external partners. The the wide range of private sector views into 2004 Poverty Policy Weeks provided policy making has not yet been inputs for the preparation of the NSGRP. established and dialogue with the private In 2004 the PRS Technical Committee sector is fragmented. also organized a series of consultative Parliament has been involved in PRS meetings with line ministries, local formulation and implementation. The governments and national stakeholders for National Assembly debated an early draft the formulation of the NSGRP. of the PRS in July 2000, and Civil society organizations have been parliamentarians participated in the July involved in PRS formulation and 2001 national consultative workshop on implementation. CSOs participated in the the first Progress Report. The National PRS formulation workshops; however Assembly approves the annual budget, their inputs had limited influence on the with the MTEF attached as a background PRS policy content due to the tight document. The Ministry of Finance deadline for PRS finalization. NGOs and regularly presents government accounts to academics have been, however, actively the National Assembly as required by the engaged in dialogue with the government 2001 Public Finance Act. It is expected during PRS implementation. CSO that the revised MTEF and the NSGRP representatives took part in the Poverty will be submitted to Parliament for Policy Weeks. NGOs have established a approval. The National Assembly is not NGO policy forum, chaired by member required by the Constitution to approve NGOs on a rotating basis, which development plans. participates in PER working groups and is Capacity for planning and contributing to the formulation of the implementation has improved across NSGRP. government but bottlenecks at the central The private sector has been involved and local level remain. Since the end of in PRS formulation and implementation the 1990s the Government has made but a mechanism to represent the different significant efforts to increase civil views of private sector leaders is still servants' salaries, rationalize government developing. Individual businessmen and agencies and staffing, and decentralize business associations were involved in the responsibilities. Substantive progress has preparation of Vision 2025 and the PRS. been made in fighting corruption. They took part in the July 2001 workshop However, skills and resources are still on the Progress Report and in the 2002, insufficient at the lower and middle-levels 2003 and 2004 Poverty Policy Weeks. of government. At the local level, The establishment of the Tanzania planning capacity is still developing and National Business Council (TNBC) has clear guidelines on how to reconcile PRS enabled increased dialogue between the priorities and targets with local level Government and the private sector on inputs are not yet in place. Local capacity development issues. Since 2002 the for implementing and monitoring policies Government has hosted a series of is also insufficient. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 270 Tanzania Country-led partnership 07. The DANIDA Country Strategy 2001- The Government plays a lead role in 05 is based on the PRS and the TAS. coordinating development assistance. The Japan's assistance strategy is consistent Ministry of Finance leads coordination, with the PRS and will support the and chairs quarterly informal in-country implementation of the NSGRP. The meetings with external partners, who are Development Partners Group and the represented in a Development Partners Government are developing a Joint Group. In 2002 the Government adopted a Assistance Strategy, which will merge the Tanzania Assistance Strategy (TAS) as individual country strategies into a single the guiding framework for managing strategy aligned with the PRS and development assistance. The Ministry of NSGPR. The Joint Assistance Strategy Finance coordinates TAS implementation will also identify comparative advantages through a TAS Harmonization Group and between different development assistance a TAS Technical Secretariat, comprised of agencies and allow external partners to representatives of sector ministries, the focus on selected sectors. The President's Office, the Vice President's Government is currently drafting a Office, and the Development Partners concept paper identifying the guiding Group. External partners participate in the principles of the Joint Assistance Strategy. PERs, which have become a well In 2004 Tanzania was selected to apply established framework for continuous for a Threshold Program, managed by the policy dialogue between Government and MCC and USAID, to help countries work external partners. CG meetings were held toward MCA eligibility. in country from1997 until the last CG Partnerships in external financial and meeting in December 2002. Given the analytical support are solidly in place. well-established coordination framework Analytical work is increasingly conducted and continuous dialogue between jointly by multiple development government and external partners, another assistance agencies. For example, a World CG is not planned. Bank-DFID CFAA was completed in Under the Government's leadership, 2001, a UN-World Bank portfolio review external partner strategies are aligned with was held in May 2003, a joint AfDB- the PRS, and external partners are taking World Bank CPAR was completed in steps to align with the NSGRP. The six April 2003, and annual PERs routinely major external partners are the World involve multiple external partners. Bank, the UK, the EU, the Netherlands, External partners provide the bulk of the USA and Denmark, accounting for their development assistance through approximately 78 percent of gross ODA budget support. Canada, Denmark, the in 2002-03. Japan also plays an active EC, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Japan, the role. ODA accounted for 17 percent of Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, GNI in 2003.151 The World Bank Country Switzerland and the UK provide budget Assistance Strategy FY01-03 is in line support through a joint Poverty Reduction with the PRS. DFID's Country Assistance Budget Support (PRBS) mechanism. In Plan 2003-04 is aligned with the PRS, as 2004 the World Bank approved the is the EC Country Strategy Paper 2001- second of a series of PRSCs supporting PRS implementation. The AfDB also 151 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at provides budget support through a http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/21/1882894.gif Structural Adjustment Loan. External Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 271 Tanzania partners have agreed with the Government and consultative processes agreed upon by on a common performance assessment Government and external partners, which framework. Eighty-six percent of budget allows for `quiet times' during budget support is provided in the form of multi- preparation and discussion. Timing of annual commitments. external partners' reporting is being There are a number of well developed synchronized with national processes. SWAps. For example, DANIDA, Tanzania is a pilot country under the 2003 Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Rome Declaration on Harmonization, was NORAD, Switzerland and the World the first country to approve a Bank support a SWAp under the Health Harmonization Action Plan, and is Sector Development Program (HSDP) and actively involved in supporting the they are undertaking a joint procurement, harmonization agenda. In November 2004 financial management and disbursement the Government hosted an Africa assessment for multi-donor pooling Regional Workshop on Harmonization through national systems. Belgium, the and Alignment for Development EC, CIDA, Finland, France, Ireland, the Effectiveness and Managing for Results Netherlands, NORAD, SIDA and the sponsored by the AfDB and the World World Bank are supporting a SWAp in Bank. education, and the Government is Most development assistance developing a SWAp in agriculture agencies have a strong presence in the supported by Denmark, the EC, Japan, country and participate in daily decision Ireland and the World Bank. making. DFID, the EC, DANIDA and Capacity building is increasingly in USAID have decentralized decision line with government priorities and needs. making to in-country offices. The World Capacity development is addressed Bank program is managed by a Country through a series of government programs Director based in Dar el Salaam. for financial management, public service, Results focus local government, anti-corruption, legal sector, which are jointly supported by The quality and availability of poverty- external partners. In 2003 the Government related data is increasing. The National also prepared an action plan for building Bureau of Statistics is responsible for capacity for PRS implementation. collecting data and regularly conducts External partners also provide joint surveys and census. A PPA was carried capacity support through SWAps. out throughout the country in 2002 to gather views from the grassroots level on Harmonization with country systems efforts and challenges encountered in the is well developed. The national budget is fight against poverty. A Population and the principal instrument through which Housing Census was carried out in 2002, development assistance is channeled. an Agriculture Survey in 2003, and a Disbursements are increasingly made Demographic and Health Survey in 2004. through the government Treasury system. In 1996 the Government introduced an In 2003, 71 percent of external partners Integrated Financial Management System, providing budget support made improving control over expenditure commitments in time to be taken into management through timelier and more account for the preparation of the budget. detailed reporting. There is a well established cycle of policy Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 272 Tanzania Information on government policies headquarters. However, this information is easily available, and action is being is not always provided in a simplified taken to strengthen access to it. The fashion and insufficiently reaches the government has developed a general public. Dissemination, Sensitization, and A national M&E system is in place, Advocacy Strategy focused on poverty and external partners are aligning their reduction policies and related issues. It support around it. In 2001 the circulated simplified versions of the PRS Government established a Poverty and the 2001 Progress Report in English Monitoring System to track progress in and Swahili. However, the 2003 and 2004 PRSP implementation. It has recently Progress Reports were prepared only in updated the set of indicators for tracking English. Following national stakeholders' progress in PRS implementation and requests, the Government is planning to strengthening their consistency with translate the draft NSGRP into Swahili. policy targets. A National Poverty Vision 2025, the National Poverty Monitoring Steering Committee, Eradication Strategy, the PRS and the composed of government and stakeholder Progress Reports are posted on several representatives, oversees the Poverty official government and national websites.152 Monitoring System. There are four The government also Technical Working Groups - Censuses developed and disseminated a user guide and Surveys; Routine Data System; to enhance understanding of a Poverty Research and Analysis; and Monitoring Master Plan. There is also a Dissemination, Sensitization, and Documentation Center within the Poverty Advocacy - which report to the Steering Eradication Division of the Vice Committee. The Poverty Monitoring President's Office, which provides Secretariat provides administrative and documents to the public upon request. coordination support to the TWGs and the Monthly reports on government finance Steering Committee. The Government has are prepared for use within government started integrating M&E systems institutions, and made also available on developed by different government request. Local authorities publish institutions, some in connection with information on collected revenues and externally-financed projects and allocation of funds in local newspapers programs, into the Poverty Monitoring and notice boards at local council System. 152http://www.tanzania.go.tz/economyf.html; http://www.mof.go.tz. TIMOR-LESTE A former Portuguese colony bordering Timor-Leste ­ 2005 Indonesia's province of West Timor with CDF Assessment Diamond access to largely untapped underwater oil Long-Term Holistic Vision and gas resources, Timor-Leste opted for independence from Indonesia, an occupying power since Portuguese withdrawal in 1975, in a UN-supervised Country- Country led referendum in August 1999. The results of Ownership Partnership the referendum triggered widespread violence which displaced up to three- quarters of the population and destroyed Results Focus the large majority of the country's Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments infrastructure. Violence was brought to an for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all end by the deployment of an international criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would peacekeeping force in September 1999, therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. and the establishment of a UN Transitional Administration in East Timor mandate in May 2005 and was succeeded (UNTAET) with full and exclusive by a small follow-on political mission, the powers over the country. UNTAET set up UN Office in Timor-Leste. a first Transitional Government, composed of East Timorese and Long-term holistic vision international representatives. Following elections of a 88-member Constituent Action has been taken to establish a long- Assembly, UNTAET appointed a second term vision widely agreed within the all-Timorese Transitional Government in country. In June 2000, UNTAET August 2001, reflecting the Assembly developed a Matrix of Key Reconstruction elections and including independents and Benchmarks, a transitional results matrix, minority parties. Presidential elections in collaboration with external partners and were held in April 2002. In May 2002 stakeholders that served as a tool for Timor-Leste became formally management of development policy and independent and power was transferred to its dissemination through 2002. In May the newly-elected President Xanana 2002 the Government adopted a National Gusmão, one of the leaders of the pro- Development Plan (NDP) building on a independent movement. A Constitution, Development Vision through 2020, based on broad popular consultations, was integrated into the NDP and based on approved in 2002 and the Constituent broad consultations conducted during the Assembly transformed into a National transition period leading to independence. Parliament. Executive power is exercised The NDP is the Government's medium- by a Prime Minister, appointed by the term development strategy through President, and a Council of Ministers. 2007.153 UNTAET was succeeded by a UN Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET), which concluded its 153 The Government is planning to submit the NDP to the IMF and the World Bank as a PRS in July 2005. 273 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 274 Timor-Leste Following riots and demonstrations in The NDP identifies a comprehensive December 2002, the Government issued set of development goals. It sets the pace Stability Priorities for immediate action in for their achievement through a phased law and order, justice, decentralization, approach, focusing on five priority areas employment creation, and service delivery (education, health, agriculture, economy for poverty reduction. In 2003 the and employment, infrastructure) and five Government adopted a medium-term cross-cutting themes (poverty reduction, Road Map for the Implementation of the gender and help for youth, peace and NDP, incorporating the Stability reconciliation, cooperation among people, Priorities. Since August 2002, line democracy and good governance). It ministries have prepared Annual Action addresses the issue of the use of oil and Plans for NDP implementation in the gas revenues to produce a sustainable respective sectors. The Government source of income for future generations. prepares an annual Letter of Development Development objectives are in line with Policy and Action Matrix, based on the the MDGs, but the NDP does not set local Annual Action Plans. In 2004 it adopted targets for their achievement. The an Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Government completed its first MDG Sector Policy and Strategy and is Report in 2004. finalizing a National Education Policy and The NDP includes a MTEF with a Road Strategy. It is also preparing indicative budget envelopes by sector for Sector Investment Programs, clarifying FY03-07. There is a Government goals, strategies, and medium-term Medium-Term Combined Sources budget, expenditure programs for 17 sectors consisting of the Consolidated Fund for (education; health; agriculture, fisheries East Timor (CFET), the un-disbursed and forestry; natural resources and parts of a Trust Fund for East Timor, the environment; private sector development; UN Assessed Contribution for technical power; communications; transport; water assistance posts, and bilateral and supply and sanitation; public sector multilateral assistance. The CFET is fully management; local government and civil aligned with the NDP, but represents less society; rights, equality and justice; than fifty percent of the Combined security, peace building and Sources budget. Public expenditures are reconciliation; external relations; other broadly in line with NDP priorities. The pillars of state; housing; social, civil and Government envisages using the Sector heritage protection). The Council of Investment Programs for preparing a Ministers is planning to undertake a Combined Sources Budget fully in line revision of intra- and inter-sector priorities with the NDP, and a MTEF, starting with before the finalization of the Sector the FY06 budget. Investment Programs, expected by the end of FY05. To start fulfilling a Action has been taken to strengthen constitutional requirement to strengthen public expenditure management. Budget decentralization, in 2004 the Government documents are comprehensive; they piloted local district plans in three of the include external financing as well as thirteen districts in which local information by agency and program. In government is organized, with the support 2003 preliminary sector expenditure of the UN Capital Development Fund reviews informed FY04 budget (UNCDF). preparation. During preparation of the FY05 budget, broad agreement on Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 275 Timor-Leste expenditure limits was reached at the Ministers. The Government has assigned Council of Ministers level before budget an economic and social development and planning guidelines were circulated. officer to each of the 65 sub-districts in As a result, government agency which local government is organized. The submissions were largely in line with Government has also started establishing expenditure limits, thus strengthening the working groups to coordinate the link between policy priorities and implementation of Sector Investment expenditures. The Ministry of Health has Programs. There is a MDG Committee, prepared a two-year program budget and composed of Government and UN identified output indicators to monitor representatives, to coordinate MDG- budget implementation in each of the 13 related activities, and linked to NDP districts, 5 hospitals and central specialist implementation structures. services under the Ministry's Consultations for NDP formulation responsibility. Budget committees in each were conducted by the National Planning line ministry have been established, Commission and a Civil Society providing an opportunity to link service Consultative Commission, which was delivery planning with the formulation of later disbanded. Before February 2002, agency budgets. Budget execution meetings with stakeholders were held in remains, however, an open challenge, each of the 442 villages, and mainly due to excessive centralization of approximately 17,000 men and 11,000 expenditure management, tight women participated, accounting for procurement controls and limited approximately 10 percent of the adult communication between the Ministry of population. The National Planning Planning and Finance (MoPF) and line Commission prepared a State of the ministries. There is significant under- Nation report that formed the basis for the spending in key priorities areas such as NDP. Eight technical working groups, education and roads. In April 2004 the composed of government officials and Government established a cross- chaired by line ministers of the second government commission, chaired by the Transitional Government, drafted the Prime Minister, to address expenditure NDP, which was approved by the Council execution and oversight issues. of Ministers after independence. Country ownership The Government has taken action to A National Planning Commission, staffed move toward the establishment of a with Timor-Leste officials, coordinated sustainable structure for continuous NDP formulation under the second government­stakeholder dialogue. The Transitional Government. The National President launched a National Dialogue Planning Commission has been succeeded involving a series of local and national by a Planning and External Assistance public meetings to consult stakeholders on Management Division (PEAMD) within the future role of the UN in Timor-Leste, the MoPF, which coordinates NDP local government, justice and veterans. implementation. Government agencies The Council of Ministers meets one week prepare Quarterly Reporting Matrices on out of every month in a different district progress in implementation of the Annual and holds discussions with local Action Plans, which are consolidated by stakeholders. Between February and PEAMD and submitted to the Council of November 2000, village councils were elected as part of a Community Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 276 Timor-Leste Empowerment Project, to identify Capacity for planning and community projects. In 2004 legislation implementation has significantly was promulgated formalizing village improved in a relatively short period of councils' role in community development. time, given the difficult situation after the Village elections were held between withdrawal of the Indonesian March and June 2005. District elections administration. However, the Government were held in all eight districts between relies largely on international advisors December 2004 and June 2005. The mainly concentrated in some central National Education Policy was prepared ministries, and mainly in the capital, following discussions at a National where the majority of civil servants are Education Congress, held in October based. There is a shortage of sufficiently 2003, with the participation of about 600 qualified local personnel to occupy senior teachers, headmasters, parents and other and middle-level management positions. stakeholders. In November 2004, the Less than one third of adults have some Government launched public secondary education. At the end of 2003, consultations on a draft Act establishing a 20 percent of senior civil service posts had Petroleum Fund, which is expected to be not been filled. As UNMISET winds enacted at the end of FY05. down, there is concern that some CSOs, including the Catholic Church, government institutions are insufficiently played a key role in NDP consultations. prepared for the hand-over of functions. They identified education and health as Country-led partnership key priorities and shaped the Development Vision. Private schools run Action has been taken to strengthen the by the Catholic Church account for 12 Government's role in leading percent of total enrollment. In addition to development assistance coordination, education, the Catholic Church also building on strong coordination among provides services in the health and external partners in the early phases of agriculture sectors. Private sector post-conflict reconstruction. representation was, however, only Responsibility for coordination is shared marginally developed at the time of by the MoPF and the Ministry of Foreign consultations, and the private sector did Affairs and Cooperation. The Vice not have a strong impact on the NDP. Minister of Planning and Finance chairs monthly coordination meetings with The National Parliament approved the external partners. The MoPF has also set NDP, as required by the Constitution. It is up a registry of external assistance and involved in the implementation of the regularly requests updated information on NDP through approval of the relevant external assistance. Sector Working legislation and the budget, as required by Groups are being established to support the Constitution. However, parliamentary coordination at the sectoral level. For involvement in budget discussion has example, in November 2004 a Sector proved problematic given the tight Working Group for Agriculture and Rural schedule for budget preparation. The Development was established and the budget is presented to the National Ministry of Agriculture is taking the lead Parliament in May, for approval and in coordinating joint partners' missions presidential ratification before the for the sector. The first Development beginning of the fiscal year in July. Partners Meeting, held in Tokyo in Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 277 Timor-Leste September 1999, was co-chaired by Threshold Program to help the country UNTAET and the World Bank, and work toward MCA eligibility, based on involved from the beginning Timor-Leste NDP objectives. In 2004 the EC revised representatives and other bilateral and its National Indicative Program 2005-06 multilateral development assistance to strengthen alignment with the agencies. The first in-country Government's Sector Investment Development Partner Meeting was held in Programs. UNDP's Country Program Dili on the verge of independence, in May Outline 2003-05 realigns assistance from 2002, co-chaired by the second emergency rehabilitation to capacity Transitional Government, UNTAET and building in line with the NDP. the World Bank. Development Partners Partnerships in providing external Meetings were co-chaired by the financial and analytical support have Government and the World Bank in facilitated consolidation of humanitarian December 2003 and May 2004. The last and development assistance since the Development Partners Meeting was held early phases of post-conflict in Dili on April 25-26, 2005, and co- reconstruction, and are now developing chaired by the Government and the World under emerging Government leadership to Bank. support NDP implementation. In Under emerging Government October/November 1999 a Joint leadership, external partners are aligning Assessment Mission, including Timor- their assistance with the NDP. The six Leste experts, five bilateral assistance major external partners are Portugal, agencies, the World Bank, the ADB, UN Australia, the USA, the EU, Norway and agencies, and the EC, identified Japan, accounting for approximately 89 reconstruction priorities. It was percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. ODA complemented by a concurrent IMF accounted for 47.9 percent of GNI in mission to assess the macro-economic 2003.154 The World Bank and other UN framework. A multi-partner Trust Fund agencies also play an active role. Portugal, for East Timor (TFET) was set up in 1999 Norway, Japan and the World Bank and became operative in early 2000 to support NDP implementation. The World support reconstruction and development Bank is finalizing a Country Assistance activities, with joint sector missions to Strategy in line with the Government determine the work program. development priorities. AusAID's Building on the TFET framework and Country Strategy for 2000-04 supported the NDP, stronger partnerships have NDP formulation and early formed around budget support, and the implementation, and AusAID is finalizing beginning stages of SWAps. An important a new Country Strategy to further its part of external assistance has been support for NDP implementation. channelled through a series of multi- USAID's Transition Strategy for FY01-04 partner Transitional Support Programs supported the transition in line with (TSP) for FY03, FY04, FY05, agreed on Government priorities; in 2004 USAID the basis of the Government Letter of prepared a new Country Strategy for Development Policy and Action Matrix, 2005-09, which includes a MCA and with benchmarks linked to the NDP. The TSPs build on the earlier Matrix of 154 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at Key Reconstruction Benchmarks, but http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/41/1901410.gif provide direct support to the Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 278 Timor-Leste Government's budget. They finance Administration. It will be articulated in a about forty percent of the national budget. medium-term framework and an annual Australia, Canada, Finland, Ireland, New capacity-building program, defined in Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the UK, the consultation with planning and finance USA and the World Bank participate in units in ministries and districts. the TSP. Portugal provides parallel budget Some work is being done to support. Besides TSP partners, the ADB, strengthen country systems. Procurement China, Japan, Malaysia, UNMISET, procedures for TFET-supported projects UNDP and UNICEF provide technical are being adapted to ensure enhanced assistance through the TSPs. The TSP will local content. The Procurement Division be renamed the Consolidation Support of the MoPF has assigned two of its staff Program and provide budget support for to every TFET-supported project, thus FY06-08. The Government's Sector ensuring capacity building for Investment Programs are providing a procurement. Project Implementation strong basis for the preparation of Units are being gradually integrated into SWAps. The EC is envisaging support for line ministries and responsibility for a SWAp in agriculture, forestry and project management transferred to line fisheries as well as natural resources and ministry personnel. Cases of corruption the environment. have emerged in procurement and The NDP identifies capacity building customs. The Office of the Inspector needs for each sector. It builds on a ten- General has launched a program of year Public Sector Management Program investigations since its establishment in developed by the first Transitional 2000, which led to 13 investigations in Government with the support of UNDP in 2004. None of them has led to 2001. However, external support to prosecution. In March 2005 the Prime capacity building has been fragmented, Minister chaired a seminar on Building conducted mainly through stand-alone Integrity in the State to explore corruption projects and with little attention to and conflict of interest issues and possible ensuring consistency between the various actions with senior Government officials interventions and follow-up with line and external partners. ministries. The Government has started Following post-conflict addressing this issue. Under the leadership reconstruction, some external partners of a Capacity Development Coordination have moved toward establishing a Unit, it is developing a Capacity Building presence in the country geared toward Strategy, based on an assessment of long-term day-to-day engagement. training demands from all Government USAID and AusAID have a well- agencies; the Strategy will shift focus established presence in the country. The from the use of advisors to on-the-job World Bank program is managed by a training and targeted workshops. The Country Director based in Sydney and a Government is also preparing a five-year Country Office in Dili. The EC program is Public Financial Management Capacity managed by a Delegation based in Building Program, with the support of a Indonesia. number of external partners. The Program is being designed around the UNDP- supported capacity building framework currently used by the Ministry of State Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 279 Timor-Leste Results focus providing a summary of the socio- The quality and availability of data to economic situation of the country in monitor progress and inform decision English, Portuguese and Tetum. However, making is improving, but its use and many government documents are often circulation across government institutions only published in Portuguese, which is remain an open challenge. NDP spoken by a minority of the population, formulation built on a poverty assessment and over fifty percent of the adult drawing on a village survey, a household population is illiterate. There are eight expenditure survey and a PPA undertaken community radio stations and a national jointly by external partners with the radio station, which are important outlets support of East Timorese experts. A for debates on development topics. population census was conducted in 2004. However, forty-six percent of the A UNICEF-sponsored multiple indicator population has no access to any mass cluster survey was conducted in 2002. A media. There is a MoPF website in Demographic and Health Survey was English with information on current undertaken in 2003. In October 2004 the policies and the budget in English, National Directorate of Statistics Portuguese and Tetum, but the NDP is not produced the first issue of its national posted on it. The Government also consumer price index. A government- established a Government Information wide integrated financial management Office to coordinate information and system is under development. A financial communication activities. management information system was Action has been taken to establish a installed in the MoFP by UNTAET. First, country-level M&E system, supported by a treasury, cash and budget management all external partners. The TSP is providing system was introduced, followed by a strong basis for a M&E system serving commitment control, procurement and both national and external reporting asset management systems. However, requirements. Qualitative and quantitative these systems are not yet fully integrated, indicators for NDP implementation build and other government agencies do not yet on the TSP Action Matrices and are have access to the system. Line ministries' monitored through Quarterly Reporting financial management systems are still at Matrices. The Government prepares a an early stage and shortage of experienced single report for external partners and financial officers is emerging as a major national institutions. The MoPF has constraint. developed a computerized system to Action has been taken to increase facilitate tracking of the Quarterly access to information on Government Reporting Matrices. The National Directorate policies, but low literacy rates and limited of Statistics has started identifying baselines for knowledge of one of the official monitoring progress of NDP objectives. There is languages pose significant challenges. In an external auditor, appointed by the executive, 2002 a popular version of the NDP was which submits a report on the Government distributed to every Timor-Leste financial statement and management report to the household. In 2003 the Government also National Parliament and the MoPF. The circulated a short popularized publication Government has not yet taken steps to establish - "Timor Leste: The Way We Are Now" - an independent Administrative, Tax and Audit Court,asprovidedbytheConstitution. UGANDA Long-term holistic vision Uganda ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond There is a long-term vision which serves Long-Term Holistic Vision as a reference for policy makers. The Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP), Uganda's PRS,155 is the national vision for poverty eradication through 2017. The Country- Country led Government is participating in the New Ownership Partnership Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) and organized a NEPAD preparatory workshop in 2002. In 1999 the Government completed an overview Results Focus of long-term goals, Vision 2025, with the Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all support of the UNDP African Future criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Program. therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for that axis. The medium-term strategy is embedded in the long-term vision and for the Social Development Sector. There regularly updated through are sector strategies for education, health, implementation. The PEAP is the water and sanitation, and roads. Districts planning framework guiding medium- are also required to prepare three-year term sector plans and district plans. The development plans. The existing district PEAP is revised every three/four years to development plans fed into the 2004 reflect progress in implementation and update of the PEAP. It is expected that 75 adjust medium-term policies to the percent of the 56 districts will have a achievement of long-term objective. In development plan by 2007. December 2004 the Government completed a revision of the PEAP, which The PEAP sets development targets will become Uganda's new PRS. There is that are country-specific, but broadly in a Medium-Term Competitive Strategy for line with the MDGs, and identifies a the Private Sector, a Plan for the results-based approach for their Modernization of Agriculture, and a achievement. In 2003 the Government Strategic Exports Framework, broadly prepared a report on the relation between aligned with the PEAP. The Ministry of the PEAP targets and the MDGs and Gender, Labor and Social Protection also strengthened the links between the two in completed a Strategic Investment Plan the formulation of the PEAP revision. It spearheaded a gender assessment that strengthened the gender dimension of the revised PEAP. The revised PEAP also 155The Government prepared the PEAP in 1997. includes a Policy and Results Matrix, In March 2000 it conducted a revision of the mapping out long-term objectives, PEAP, which became Uganda's PRS. The medium-term outcomes, policies to Government has prepared a Poverty Status Report every year since 1999. The March 2001, March achieve them as well as indicators to 2002, August 2003 Poverty Status Reports were monitor progress. submitted to the IMF and the World Bank as Uganda's PRS Progress Reports. 280 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 281 Uganda The PEAP takes a comprehensive are experiencing large budget cuts. The approach, addresses key social, structural Government is planning a reform of the and institutional aspects for development, PAF. Use of supplementary and its implementation revolves around a appropriations also undermines the budget set of priority actions to achieve medium- process as an instrument for effective and long-term objectives. It is based on expenditure planning. four pillars: (1) economic transformation and growth; (2) good governance and Country ownership security; (3) ability of the poor to increase The MFPED leads PEAP implementation their incomes; and (4) quality of life of the and coordinates the preparation of PEAP poor. The PEAP revision launched in Progress Status Reports and PEAP 2003 builds on the objectives identified Revisions. The MFPED was established under the four pillars and identifies five in March 1992, when the Ministry of key components: (1) economic Finance and the Ministry of Planning and management; (2) production, Economic Development were merged to competitiveness and incomes; (3) security, enhance coordination of government conflict-resolution and disaster policies. management; (4) governance; (5) human development. It also addresses cross- There is a sustainable structure for cutting issues such as gender and the fight continuous government ­ stakeholder against HIV/AIDS. dialogue. Consultations for the 2003/2004 revision of the PEAP built on existing The Government introduced a MTEF policy-making structures for budget and in 1992 and is moving toward output- sector policy formulation. The MFPED based budgeting. PEAP objectives are established sixteen PEAP sector revision linked to the MTEF and the budget groups chaired by line ministries and through a Poverty Action Fund (PAF), stakeholder representatives, to prepare introduced in 1998, to identify sector submissions for the revised PEAP. expenditures in those sectors with a high Sector Working Groups also submitted impact on the poor and protect them proposals. The 1995 Constitution provides against budget cuts. All externally-funded for the involvement of stakeholders in the projects are included in the budget. Sector formulation and implementation of ministries and national stakeholders development plans. There is a participate in the preparation of the budget constitutionally-mandated National through Sector Working Groups, which Planning Authority, created in 2002, prepare Budget Framework Papers on the composed of central government, local basis of ceilings set up by the Ministry of government and stakeholder Finance, Planning and Economic representatives, to encourage and support Development (MFPED). Allocations national economic development and toward pro-poor sectors such as primary provides a permanent forum of dialogue healthcare, rural roads, agriculture, between government, civil society and the primary education, water and sanitation private sector. The National Planning now cover 37 percent of the budget, up Authority is not yet fully operational. from 18 percent in 1998. However, sectors not included in the PAF, but with Civil society organizations have been indirect impact on the poor such as rural involved in PEAP update. The Economic electrification, justice, and law and order, Policy Research Centre, an independent Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 282 Uganda research institute, conducted a poverty Authority. Parliament is also required by analysis that fed into the revised PEAP. the Constitution to approve foreign loans. The National NGOs Forum, an umbrella Capacity for planning remains an organization, chaired a PEAP sector open challenge. The civil service suffers a revision group on civil society. Both shortage of skilled professionals and institutions participate in the National managers. Devolution of service delivery Planning Authority and the Sector to local governments has further strained Working Groups for budget formulation. already insufficient local capacities for The performance of the PAF is reviewed planning and implementation, especially by CSOs on a quarterly basis. in financial management and information Involvement in policy planning has technology. Action is being taken. For fostered civil society participation in example, since 1999 Parliament's impact service delivery, especially in health and on government polices and budget education at the local level. However, formulation has strengthened through the CSOs participation in the preparation of establishment of a research department local development plans remains limited. staffed with sixteen researchers, who Private sector involvement in PEAP support the work of the different implementation is materializing. Private parliamentary committees. sector representatives participated in the preparation of the Medium-Term Country-led partnership Competitive Strategy for the Private The Government plays a strong role in Sector, and had an impact on its policy coordinating external assistance. The content. The National Chamber of MFPED is the only institution responsible Commerce and the National Farmers for coordination. Before its creation, the Association participate in the National Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Planning Authority. Planning and Economic Development Parliamentary involvement is strong. shared responsibility for coordination, Parliament submitted comments on initial with each ministry having an Aid drafts of PEAP progress status reports and Coordination Unit with separate, poorly revisions and approved them as coordinated databases on development background documents to the budget. assistance commitments. Parliament makes recommendations on The Government has issued the national planning framework through partnership principles to guide dialogue a Finance, Planning and Economic with external partners. It also established Development Committee, which also steering committees for the participates in the preparation of the implementation of sector strategies and budget prior to submission to the plenary programs. There is a steering committee, since enactment of the 2001 Budget Act. chaired by the MFPED, involving all the PAF activities are routinely reported to partners involved in the implementation of Parliament and are included in the the Plan for the Modernization of documentation submitted for the adoption Agriculture. There are working groups of the annual budget. Parliament also chaired by external partners, for example approves the appointment by the President a democracy and governance group and a of the Chairperson and Deputy- private sector group, to coordinate support Chairperson of the National Planning to sectors and sub-sectors. Since 1998 CG Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 283 Uganda meetings are held in the country and co- HIV/AIDS, broadly in line with the chaired by the Government and the World PEAP. The EC Country Strategy Paper Bank. The last CG meeting took place in and National Indicative Program 2002-07 Kampala in May 2003. The next CG are based on the PEAP objectives, and meeting will be tentatively held in mid- or were prepared after consultations with end-2005. stakeholders within and outside There are well-established public- government conducted through the PEAP private partnerships. In the water sector, participatory mechanisms. The DANIDA for example, private firms are partnering Strategy for Development Cooperation with local governments to operate water 2004-08 focuses on poverty reduction, supply systems in small towns. For the private sector development and good implementation of the Plan for the governance, and furthers the alignment of Modernization of Agriculture, the DANIDA assistance with the PEAP. In Ministry of Agriculture is cooperating 2004 Uganda was selected to apply for a with the advisory services of the National Threshold Program, managed by the MCC Farmers Association to develop national and USAID, to help countries work agricultural advisory services. toward MCA eligibility. Under Government leadership, Partnerships in external financial and external assistance is being aligned with analytical support are solidifying. In 2003 the PEAP. The five major external the World Bank prepared a PER in partners are the World Bank, the USA, the cooperation with the MFPED. In 2004 the UK, the EC and the Netherlands, World Bank completed a Country accounting for approximately 75 percent Integrated Fiduciary Assessment in of gross ODA in 2002-03. Denmark also partnership with the Government and in plays an active role. ODA accounted for coordination with other external partners. 15.8 percent of GNI in 2003.156 The A gender assessment was conducted by World Bank's Country Assistance the World Bank, in partnership with the Strategy FY01-03 supports the Government, and cooperation from the implementation of the PEAP. The DFID Netherlands, DANIDA and DFID. Budget Interim Country Assistance Plan builds on support has increased from US$20million the 1999 Country Strategy Paper and is in in 1998 to US$350million in 2004/05, line with the PEAP. The World Bank and partly following the introduction of the DFID, together with Germany, the PAF, accounting for approximately half of Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and AfDB the development assistance channeled to are preparing a joint Country Assistance the country. In 2002 external partners Strategy, expected for mid-2005, which agreed with the Government on a will be based on the revised PEAP. The common framework for budget support, USAID Strategic Plan 2001-07 supports providing for coordination structures, poverty reduction in line with the PEAP. common disbursement mechanisms and Uganda is also a focus country for the US streamlined conditionality. In 2004 the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS World Bank launched its fourth PRSC and relief; funding for FY04-05 will support now provides almost half of its assistance the Government's plan for combating in the form of general budget support. The EC is providing a large part of its development assistance through budget 156 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at support. In December 2004 DFID signed http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/12/32/1883200.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 284 Uganda with the Government a new Poverty There is an increased commitment to Reduction Budget Support, which will move toward a larger use of country increase the share of its development procurement and financial management assistance provided through budget systems. Reforms to facilitate the use of support from 60 percent to 80 percent in country systems in program and project 2006-07. The Netherlands, Ireland, support have been identified by the Sweden, Norway and Denmark are also Government and external partners through providing the bulk of their assistance the 2004 Country Integrated Fiduciary through budget support under the common Assessment. framework. Most development assistance There are eight SWAps in place and agencies have strengthened their presence three under development, covering eleven in the country to better participate in daily sectors. For example, in health, education, decision making. DFID has a strong in- agriculture and water and sanitation country advisory team and the DFID external partners are supporting program is fully managed by an office in government multi-year programs, Kampala. The EC has decentralized most financed trough sector budget support and of staff to its Delegation in Kampala. The a multi-donor trust fund. For the road World Bank program is coordinated by a sector, in 2004 the World Bank, the Country Director based in Tanzania, and AfDB, the EC and DANIDA started the Uganda Country Office has been undertaking joint sector reviews and joint strengthened through social sector and sector reports based on government sector macroeconomic teams based in the indicators. Implementation is starting to country. be carried out by government institutions or project implementation units embedded Results focus in government structures. The quality and availability of poverty- There is not yet an integrated strategy related data is improving. The Uganda for capacity building but SWAps are Bureau of Statistics conducted a strengthening capacity building to tackle Population and Housing Census in 2002 sector-wide bottlenecks, and enhancing and a Household Survey in 2003, which multi-partner support for capacity fed into the PEAP revision. A PPA was development. The Government is also conducted in 2003-04, which fed into strengthening coordination among the PEAP revision. The Government ministries to provide a coherent single adopted a national statistical development capacity building framework for the strategy, prepared with the support of a public sector through a public sector multi-donor Trust Fund for Statistical SWAp, based on a sector program to Capacity Building managed by the World strengthen capacity for PEAP Bank. There are several government implementation. information systems, for example a Health Information System, a Local Government External partners are increasingly Information and Communication System harmonizing policies and procedures with and a Local Government Information and country systems largely through the Analysis System. The Government has provision of budget support. And review established a National Integrated missions are now harmonized with Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy that existing government review processes. will integrate PEAP M&E, sector Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 285 Uganda ministries' information systems, and expenditures - background papers and financial management systems under a performance reports since 2000 are also single framework. posted on the MFPED website. The Information on Government policies plenary meetings of Parliament are is easily available and accessible. A broadcast live throughout the country. Medium Term Communication Plan was A country-level M&E system is well launched in 2001. The Government developed. The National Integrated prepared a popularized version of the Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy is PEAP, which was circulated in English establishing a single M&E system for and five local languages. Drafts of the both government and external partner revised PEAP and information on the needs. Performance indicators are spelled consultation process are posted on the out in the Policy and Results Matrix of the MFPED website.157 The Government also revised PEAP, and they will serve as the prepared publications to familiarize the benchmarks for assessing annual progress public with the budget process. Budget and feed into the government progress documents - including annual, status reports transmitted to Parliament semiannual and quarterly reports on during preparation of the annual budget. central government actual revenues and 157http://www.finance.go.ug/peap_revision/index. htm VIETNAM Long-term holistic vision Vietnam ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Policy formulation and public actions in Long-Term Holistic Vision Vietnam are guided by a range of well- developed and interconnected strategies and plans. The Government has articulated its development vision for the Country- Country decade 2001-10 in its Socio-Economic led Ownership Partnership Development Strategy (SEDS), which expresses a strong commitment to growth, poverty reduction and social equity. SEDS, endorsed by the Ninth Party Results Focus Congress in 2001, lays out a path of Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments transition towards a market economy with for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would socialist orientations. It commits Vietnam therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for to full openness to the global economy that axis. over the coming decade, and the creation of a level playing field between state and sectoral development plans, into concrete private sectors. The SEDS emphasizes measures with well defined roadmaps for that the transition should be pro-poor and implementation. The CPRGS was notes that this will require heavier approved by the Prime Minister in May investment in rural and lagging regions. It 2002. In September 2004, the Prime gives strong emphasis to poverty Minister issued a directive to guide the reduction and social equity, and a more preparation of the five-year SEDP for modern system of governance. The 2006-10. The instruction states that SEDP specific actions needed to translate this and CPRGS will be merged in the next vision into reality, are described in the plan and proposes that the preparation of constitutionally-required five-year Socio- the SEDP should emulate the participatory Economic Development Plan (SEDP) for approaches to planning that characterized 2001-05 and sectoral five year plans. the preparation of CPRGS. The guidelines These plans detail a large number of specifically require that the five-year plan targets and indicators. should address the 2010 Vietnam In early 2001, the Government set out Development Goals, motivating a more to develop a Comprehensive Poverty outcome focused plan. Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS), The CPRGS strives toward the Vietnam's PRS.158 The Government Vietnam Development Goals, which have describes the CPRGS as an action served as a clear monitoring framework plan that translates the for its implementation. These goals and Government's SEDS, as well as other targets are the results of substantial analytical work that was carried out under the coordination of a Poverty Task Force - 158 The CPRGS was completed in May 2002. A which included the majority of first Progress Report was finalized in November Government members at the time of 2003 and a second Progress Report is expected CPRGS formulation, four bilateral mid-2005. 286 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 287 Vietnam assistance agencies, four multilaterals Progress is being made to strengthen partners, and four NGOs - established to budget execution and financial coordinate detailed analysis of poverty in management information systems. While the country. The work drew on the MDGs, preparing annual budgets, the Government assessed their relevance alongside the is informed by the SEDP, not by the goals and targets in the SEDS, sector CPRGS. However, this is likely to change strategies and five year plans, and selected with the merger of the CPRGS with the those that most effectively captured new SEDP. As an exercise to help progress in reducing poverty and strengthen medium-term expenditure promoting social equity. Some of the planning, the Government is piloting the selected goals are outside the MDGs, but development of MTEFs in four sectors - were added on the basis of their strategic education, health, transport and importance for economic growth, poverty agriculture, and rural development - and reduction and social equity. four provinces. These MTEFs will be The CPRGS is based on three pillars: developed within the context of a 1) high growth through a transition to the sustainable medium term fiscal envelope market economy; 2) equitable, socially for each sector or province. The inclusive and sustainable growth; and 3) Government is taking measures to the adoption of a modern public strengthen the public financial administration, legal and governance management system. The implementation system. It gives particular attention to of the revised Law on the State Budget, social issues such as growing inequality, which became effective in 2004, is one of poverty affecting ethnic minorities, rural- the cornerstones of the public financial urban migration, as well as corruption management reform program. It clearly issues. The CPRGS and the SEDP address delineates the roles of the National cross-sectoral issues, such as gender and Assembly and the Provincial People's environment, but some key constraints to Councils in budget approval, it the proposed actions, such as the streamlines budget execution processes enforcement of the legal framework and and it designates the Treasury Department the difficulty of providing financial as the lead agency responsible for budget resources to protect the environment, are execution and financial management not adequately analyzed. The Hunger information. Eradication and Poverty Reduction Country ownership Program - the Government's program of targeted assistance to poor households - is Country leaders across the executive have an integral part of the CPRGS, which was played a key role in shaping the CPRGS. also expanded in late 2003 to better The Ministry of Planning and Investment address issues related to large-scale (MPI) was assigned the task of drafting infrastructure. With this expansion, the the CPRGS and MPI, in turn, established CPRGS encompasses all the critical an inter-ministerial drafting committee to elements of the country's agenda for generate broad-based input from across growth and poverty reduction. CPRGS Government in the drafting process. An goals are being integrated into local socio- important role was played by the Poverty economic planning by the Departments of Task Force which - initially established to Planning and Investment. coordinate poverty analysis - continued as a mechanism for coordinating support to Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 288 Vietnam the development of the CPRGS. A multi- Civil society involvement in CPRGS agency CPRGS Secretariat coordinates formulation and implementation has been the interaction between relevant significant and marks a change in the Government agencies and other approach adopted by the executive stakeholders in monitoring and evaluating towards the incorporation of views from progress. outside the Government into planning The CPRGS formulation process was processes. Local experts and researchers, participatory and involved extensive as well as international and local civil consultations. It started from identifying society organizations, assisted in drafting goals, which led to eight core areas of the CPRGS. The Government involved analysis: eradicating poverty and hunger, four international NGOs in the community reducing vulnerability and providing level consultations that preceded the social protection, providing quality basic drafting of the CPRGS and, on the basis education for all, improving health status, of the Grassroots Democracy Decree - ensuring environmental sustainability, which aims at instituting more promoting ethnic minority development, participative local policymaking and enhancing access to basic infrastructure, greater accountability at the local level - and ensuring good governance. they are also involved in the Government agencies, domestic implementation phase. stakeholders, and external partners all Action has been taken to involve participated in the working groups private sector representatives in policy established to oversee these analyses. The formulation and implementation. Through discussion resulted in a draft list of the Vietnam Business Forum - jointly tentative Vietnam Development Goals to chaired by the MPI, the World Bank and serve as a basis for further consultation IFC - the Government engaged in a across Government. First drafts of the dialogue with the private sector aimed at papers were discussed at a 3-day improving the legal and institutional workshop held in September 2001, framework for different enterprises. The attended by nearly 100 policymakers Vietnam Business Forum meets regularly within and outside government. prior to semi-annual CG meetings and Consultations on these drafts - through provides an opportunity for the business four national workshops, four regional community to interact with the seminars, and several community level Government in a structured way. discussions - took place with sectoral Parliamentary involvement in ministries, agencies, and other CPRGS formulation and implementation stakeholders over several months. is strengthening. Some National Assembly Stakeholder dialogue with the delegates were involved in CPRGS Government during CPRGS preparation and convened various sectoral implementation is also well developed. groups, such as the National Council for For example, the Poverty Task Force and the Advancement of Women, which the CPRGS Secretariat organized five consulted all female National Assembly regional workshops in July 2003 to delegates on the gender aspects of the request input into the CPRGS Progress CPRGS. The National Assembly Report. approved the SEDP - based on a constitutional requirement to do so - after discussion by the Party Congress. It did Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 289 Vietnam not examine the CPRGS in its plenary management burden on the country's session. However, it is playing an administration. To establish the strategic increasingly assertive role in CPRGS direction for ODA use over the coming implementation. It is involving poor five-year period, the Government is people directly in legislation, by giving developing a Master Plan for ODA them a chance to express their opinions in Mobilization and Utilization 2006-10. The the discussions over many laws endorsed Master Plan will identify guiding by the National Assembly and in the principles, priorities and criteria for ODA implementation of several projects. A law utilization in support of the SEDP targets. approved by the legislature in January Annual CG meetings - held in 2004 reaffirmed the Constitutional power Vietnam since 1999 and co-chaired by the of the National Assembly to approve the MPI and the World Bank - support the overall budget, its composition and the close partnership between the allocations to line ministries, central Government and external partners. The agencies and to provincial and city level last CG meeting took place in December of government; a lively debate in the run 2004 in Hanoi. Mid-year informal CGs up to the 2004 budget proposal has have been held in Vietnam since 1998. ensued. Legislative involvement in the Since then, private sector and civil society MTEF is limited to representation at the participation in CGs has increased PER Consultative Meeting. The MTEF is significantly. Twenty-three Partnership not submitted to the National Assembly, Working Groups - focused on thematic, either separately or as part of the sectoral, and geographic issues - are Government's yearly budget submission. chaired by Vietnamese authorities and The National Assembly will discuss the meet weekly or monthly. To provide a SEDP 2006-10 before it is discussed by regular forum for dialogue on issues the Party Congress, marking an important regarding ODA effectiveness, a step forward in allowing parliamentarians Partnership Group on Aid Effectiveness to influence more strongly SEDP content. (PGAE), with broad representation of The Government's capacity in bilateral and multilateral development designing a participatory strategy is not as assistance agencies - including the Like- strong as in traditional planning processes. Minded Donor Group (LMDG: Australia, Government-organized training courses Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, are enhancing capacity for women and Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, young people and their role in society has Switzerland, and UK), the World Bank, advanced significantly. the ADB, JBIC, KfW, the AFD, the EC, and UNDP - has been established. Some Country-led partnership major cities are also taking the lead on Government leadership in overall coordination of development assistance. coordination of development assistance is For example, the Ho Chi Minh City ODA strong. Recognizing the potential Partnership, aimed at developing coherent complexities of ODA management assistance agency-supported plans, has processes and faced with rapidly been managed by the Planning increasing ODA flows, the Government Department of the city. External partners urged external partners to build also continue to coordinate separately partnerships to ensure effective use of without the Government: a monthly ODA funds and to reduce the informal external partner discussion - Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 290 Vietnam known as the Donor Group Forum - is development and the Central Highlands managed by UNDP. region. Most external partners have aligned External partners are increasingly their assistance with the CPRGS, as well supporting SWAps and providing budget as with national strategies at the sectoral support. The Government is working level. To support further sector toward implementing SWAps in coordination and alignment, in various education - facilitated by the Education sectors including education, forestry and for All initiative - forestry, and rural rural transport, initiatives are underway to transport, supported by the World Bank, formulate a common policy framework DFID, the EC, the Netherlands, Norway, supported by joint funding mechanisms. and Finland. CIDA supports SWAps in The five major external partners are several areas, including the forthcoming Japan, the World Bank, ADB, France, and one in education. Denmark, accounting for approximately Seven development assistance 84 percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. The agencies - ADB, CIDA, DANIDA, DFID, IMF is also active in providing technical the EC, JBIC and the Netherlands - are assistance. ODA accounted for 4.5 percent of GNI in 2003.159 The FY03-06 World providing coordinated budget support through the World Bank-led PRSC, which Bank Country Assistance Strategy focuses is becoming an effective instrument for on the same pillars as the CPRGS. Most ensuring a coherent external partner members of the LMDG have aligned their approach to macro-economic, structural assistance with the CPRGS, as well as and social reform issues, but also with national strategies at the sectoral increasingly a platform for building level, mostly in the energy sector. The agreement on sectoral strategic issues. 2004-06 DFID Country Assistance Plan Policy dialogue for budget support is and the 2004-08 SIDA development coordinated through a number of working assistance strategy are based on support groups led jointly by the Government and for the CPRGS. The 2005-06 ADB different development assistance agencies. Country Strategy and Program reflects the priorities outlined in the CPRGS. The The Partnership Working Groups are CIDA Country Development undertaking joint analytical work. Each Programming Framework approved in year, for example, joint analytical work is 2004 is based on the CPRGS, and the UN undertaken through the preparation of the is in the process of drafting its next Vietnam Development Report by the Development Assistance Framework Government, in collaboration with the 2006-10, which is likely to support the World Bank and other external partners. five-year plan under preparation. The EC - The Poverty Task Force led the drafting of whose next Country Strategy Paper is the "Vietnam Development Report 2000: forthcoming - is promoting alignment Attacking Poverty," together with a with the CPRGS and the next five-year Poverty Working Group established at plan through working groups with its that time as an information-sharing forum members established in mid-2004 in which meets shortly after every Poverty health, education, private sector Task Force meeting, and whose membership is open to all external partners, international NGOs and local 159 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at CSOs. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/13/14/1883363.gif Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 291 Vietnam Working towards the objective five banks are actively involved in outlined by external partners to align supporting the Government's effort to operations with country strategies, establish an efficient and consistent public priorities and systems, strengthening procurement system. While a number of Government capacity and systems is challenges are identified, the long-term crucial. A Comprehensive Capacity goal is for external partners to harmonize Building Program to improve ODA with the Government system - which is management - supported by a large being articulated by the MPI in a draft number of external partners, including Procurement Ordinance - starting with the Japan, the World Bank, the ADB, and the development of joint common Standard LMDG - is underway under the leadership Bidding Documents in June 2004. In order of the MPI. Its implementation started in to harmonize and align in the areas of September 2004 and the MPI plans to project preparation, as well as the support a move towards the use of country application of environmental and social systems by external partners. Capacity safeguards, the five Banks are mapping building efforts in other areas are not yet out gaps between the Banks' and the done in partnership with multiple Government's procedures to be used as a development assistance agencies basis for the development of short-term involved. UNDP is actively providing and longer-term action plans to address support for capacity building directly the differences. A PER is ongoing. A Joint related to the planning, budgeting, and Portfolio Performance Review was M&E aspects of the CPRGS. conducted in 2003. The Government has taken action to Action is being taken by development harmonize the various procedures of assistance agencies to increase their development assistance agencies with presence in the country to better country systems. To support the aid participate in day-to-day decision making. effectiveness agenda, the Government and The World Bank's decision-making external partners have agreed on a process is decentralized, with Vietnam's Harmonization Action Plan based on the Country Director based in Hanoi. ADB principles of ownership, alignment and has a Resident Mission in Hanoi headed streamlining as espoused at the 2003 High by a Country Director. In 2003 DFID's Level Forum on Harmonization and office in Hanoi devolved significant Alignment in Rome, under which decision making capability to its Head in Vietnam is a pilot country. The 2004 Vietnam. Japan has initiated a process Harmonization Action Plan, prepared by aimed at improving the effectiveness of its the Government and folded under the assistance, which includes the need to broader aid effectiveness agenda strengthen its sectoral dialogue, and developed by PGAE, has been endorsed maximize the involvement of its JICA by the LMDG, and the Five Banks Group decentralized office. The AFD program is - ADB, World Bank, JBIC, KfW, and the managed by an office in Hanoi. CIDA has AFD. Under the Action Plan, the MPI is considerably strengthened its presence in in charge of coordinating harmonization the country, even though large-scale of World Bank, ADB and JBIC decentralization of decision-making has procurement, financial and portfolio not taken place yet. UNDP decision- management procedures, and making processes are also decentralized. environmental and social safeguards. The Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 292 Vietnam Results focus established a M&E section in the MPI and The Government is taking action to the Government plans to address the issue improve the quality and availability of of further M&E mechanisms through the data. The General Statistics Office's SEDP 2006-2010. So far it has piloted in capacity to collect and process data is four cities a citizen report card survey to increasing, partially due to the 2003 monitor service delivery at the local level. National Statistics Law's focus on Poverty Observation Stations are being set transparency and high quality of data. up to compile precise data on income and There have been several high quality expenditures of selected households, and household surveys, and a group of the Government is working closely with international and local NGOs carried out external partners to design common twelve PPAs in the summer of 2003. indicators for assessing progress towards UNDP is transferring its Development the strategic objectives set out in the Cooperation Database to the MPI to help SEDP and the Vietnam Development enhance its ability to coordinate Goals. The objective is to identify 4-5 development assistance. strategic level indicators per sector that can be consistently measured by all Publicly available development stakeholders. This work is critical in information has increased over the last providing key indicators for improved five years. Mass media plays an important external partner alignment and will allow role in disseminating information on the Government to assess relative relevant political, social, and development contributions of each development issues. The media has given significant assistance agency, and how the support attention to the SEDS and covered provided is aligned with the CPRGS consultations and CG meetings. Government's desired outcomes. The CPRGS was drafted in Vietnamese. It Currently, there are 140 indicators at the is not available on the Government's national level and a more limited set of 40 website. indicators which provinces can monitor. A country-level M&E system is a work in progress. The Government YEMEN Long-term holistic vision Yemen ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond Yemen has a Strategic Vision through Long-Term Holistic Vision 2025, which was adopted by the Government in 2002, and is widely recognized as the reference point for policymakers. Country- Country led Action is being taken toward Ownership Partnership streamlining medium-term plans in line with the long-term vision. There is a constitutionally-mandated Second Five- Results Focus Year Socio-economic Development Plan through 2005, linked to the Vision. The Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all Poverty Reduction Strategy 2003-05, criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would Yemen's PRS,160 refers to the Vision therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for and the Plan. However, it is not that axis. integrated with the Plan. The Government is working on a Third Five- the social sectors, and begins to deal with Year Socio-economic Development Plan issues like governance reform, environment for 2006-10, whose completion is and gender. expected for mid-2005, which will The PRS was designed in relative become the new PRS. In 2002 the isolation from the budget process. It Government completed a Basic presents a medium-term expenditure Education and Development Strategy program, which is, however, only 2003-15, broadly in line with the PRS. marginally reflected in the annual budget. A In 2004 it also prepared a Strategy on MTEF is not yet in place. Public financial Water and Sanitation for 2004-09. management remains an open challenge. The goals identified in the Vision, The Ministry of Finance is working with the Plan and the PRS are consistent with the IMF, the Netherlands and the World the MDGs, but tailored to country Bank to strengthen capacity for budget circumstances. Yemen is a UN formulation. Millennium Project pilot country and the Country ownership Third Plan will be tailored toward achieving the MDGs. The Ministry of Planning and Development (MoPD) took the lead in the formulation of A comprehensive approach to the PRS, maintained its strong focus on the development is emerging. The PRS is social sectors, sometimes resisting based on four pillars: 1) economic alternative policy proposals coming from growth; 2) development of human other central ministries and external resources; 3) basic infrastructure; 4) partners. The MoPD established a PRS social safety nets. It mainly focuses on Committee comprised of representatives of the ministries of finance, labor and social 160The Government completed the PRS in May affairs, health and population, tourism and 2002. environment, and education as well as the 293 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 294 Yemen Central Statistical Office. The PRS Civil society organizations had some Committee was disbanded after impact on PRS policy content, and are completion of the PRS. The MoPD is participating in PRS implementation and responsible for PRS implementation and revision. The Women's National the formulation of the Third Plan, but the Committee participated in the PRS involvement of other central and line committee along with some other national ministries is limited and government NGOs, resulting in gender issues being polices do not always reflect PRS included in the PRS. Local NGOs and priorities. CSOs were consulted on already advanced Building on broad participation in drafts of the PRS during seminars and strategy formulation, continuous workshops, and their impact was more government ­ stakeholder dialogue is limited. CBOs are monitoring service emerging during PRS implementation delivery for health, education, and water. and revision. The PRS Committee NGOs participate in the committees for the organized seminars and workshops to formulation of the Third Plan. consult with stakeholders during PRS Action is being taken to strengthen formulation, but retained strong control private sector participation in policy over the content of the strategy. It formulation. For PRS formulation, private circulated drafts of the PRS at four sector representatives participated in regional workshops organized in seminars and workshops, with however cooperation with governatores (there are limited impact on the PRS. Private sector 19 governatorates). The MoPD is representatives participate in the inter- involving stakeholders in ministerial committees and thematic groups implementation, mainly through and are playing a more active role in the monitoring service delivery at the local preparation of the Third Plan. However, the level. private sector remains fragmented and has For the preparation of the Third not yet developed an effective means to Plan, the MoPD has established five coalesce and interact with the Government. inter-ministerial committees working on Parliamentary involvement was water, sanitation, education, health, significant in the formulation of the Vision economic growth and poverty, and rural and the Plan, but less so in PRS infrastructure as well as three thematic formulation. The House of Representatives groups on gender, civil society and approved the Strategic Vision and the decentralization. National stakeholders Second Plan as required by the participate in the committees and the Constitution. The MoPD informed the thematic groups. The Millennium plenary on PRS formulation at an early Project is providing advice on the stage, but the House of Representatives did conceptual framework. UNDP provides not approve the PRS. Some resources and facilities for the parliamentarians, mainly members of the committees. The World Bank is Economic Affairs Sub-Committee from providing some support to the work of both the majority and the opposition, the committees and is the lead technical participated in seminars and workshops and advisor on economic growth and parliamentary committees were consulted poverty. during the formulation of the PRS. There is limited evidence of the House of Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 295 Yemen Representatives's participation in the makes no reference to the PRS or the formulation of the Third Plan. Second Plan. The USAID Strategic Plan is Capacity for planning and currently being revised to align it with the implementation in central and line US Government's Middle East Partnership ministries is limited due to insufficient Initiative. In 2004 Yemen was selected to availability of skills and resources. Civil apply for a Threshold Program, managed by servants are underpaid and poorly the MCC and USAID, to help countries trained. Governatorates have few work toward MCA eligibility. financial and human resources, and Partnerships in external financial and communication between them and the analytical support are materializing. center is limited. External partners have started conducting analytical work jointly with national Country-led partnership institutions. The World Bank prepared a The Government is making efforts to poverty update in cooperation with the lead external assistance coordination, but Central Statistical Office, which fed into the much coordination is led by external PRS. The World Bank and the Netherlands partners. The MoPD leads coordination jointly prepared a CFAA in cooperation and holds quarterly meetings with all with the Government. The World Bank, the external partners. Line ministries and Netherlands and DFID conducted joint external partners co-chair thematic and analytical work on education in cooperation sector working groups. The last CG with the Government. External partners are meeting was held in Paris in 2002 and moving toward program-based support. The was co-chaired by the Government and Netherlands, Germany, the UK and the the World Bank. World Bank are supporting a SWAp in education for the implementation of the Under enhanced Government Basic Education and Development Strategy, leadership, some external partners are which is being coordinated by units coalescing around country objectives. embedded in the structures of the Ministry The major external partners are Arab of Education. The World Bank envisages a countries ­ Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, PRSC for FY2005. United Arab Emirates and Oman - the World Bank, the Netherlands, Germany Some elements exist for further and the USA, accounting for progress in aligning capacity development approximately 85 percent of gross ODA with Government priorities. External in 2002-03. ODA accounted for 2.4 partners support capacity building in sector percent of GNI in 2003.161 The World ministries (Finance, Health, Education). Bank's Country Assistance Strategy Since March 2005, capacity development FY2003-05 is based on the PRS. The for the preparation of the Third Plan has Netherlands and Germany support the been provided jointly by seven UN objectives of the PRS. The USAID agencies, with financial support from Strategic Plan for 2003-06 focuses on DFID. The World Bank's Country improving health, education and Assistance Strategy focuses on building agriculture in five governatorates, and governance and civil society capacity. Use of country systems is at an early 161 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at stage. In 2004 the Government and external http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/12/56/1883388.gi partners signed a Partnership Agreement to f Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 296 Yemen advance harmonization in the education high poverty rates, which fed into the PRS. sector. In 2002 the Government replaced It is preparing a Population Census, and the top management of the Central plans to undertake a Service Delivery Organization for Control and Audit with Survey and a Household Expenditure respected professionals. However, since Survey in 2005. The two surveys, however, then little action has been taken to fight will not be completed on time to feed into corruption, which is slowing down the Third Plan. The Cabinet of Ministers is external partners' move toward using examining a PARIS21 strategy and country systems. investment program to strengthen capacity A number of development for data collection of the Central Statistical assistance agencies have strengthened Office and line ministries. An Integrated their presence in the country to better Financial Management System is not yet in participate in daily decision making. The place. World Bank has strengthened its Access to information on Government Country Office, which has responsibility policies is an open challenge. The PRSP for some portfolio management and was written in Arabic, the official language, implementation. The World Bank's and is now posted on the website of the documents are being translated into MoPD.162 Access to internet, however, is Arabic and circulated widely among limited in the country. The high illiteracy government agencies, parliament, and rate (54 percent) limits stakeholders' access other stakeholders. In 2003 USAID to printed information. reopened its office in Yemen, closed A country-level M&E system is at an since 1996. No Arab partner has a early stage. The Government is considering presence in the country. integrating indicators identified to monitor Results focus progress in PRS implementation into the Third Plan, but the process has not yet The quality and availability of started. The Government is currently fully poverty-related data is improving. In absorbed in the preparation of the Third 2002, the Central Statistical Office, in Plan, subtracting attention and resources cooperation with the PRS Committee, from PRS M&E. conducted a PPA in 20 districts with 162www.mpd-yemen.org. ZAMBIA Long-term holistic vision Zambia ­ 2005 CDF Assessment Diamond The Government has yet to finalize the Long-Term Holistic Vision long-term vision, Vision 2025, which is being prepared with assistance from UNDP. To this end, the Government has included the vision's development as a Country- Country led priority in its FY05 budget, as efforts had Ownership Partnership been stalled since 2001-02. The Transitional National Development Plan (TNDP) is the Results Focus medium-term strategy, and the Poverty Each axis depicts the simple average of the assessments Reduction Strategy Paper for 2002-04, for each of the individual criteria. A country which has all Zambia's PRSP, is the poverty focus of criteria "Substantially in Place" for a given axis would therefore be marked at the boundary of the diamond for the TNDP.163 The TNDP incorporates that axis. other areas besides poverty reduction, such as security and sovereign functions. Extreme levels of poverty have led the The Government has plans to make government to tailor the MDGs to country Vision 2025 and the TNDP consistent. circumstances, particularly in areas like The PRSP was prepared under a previous poverty, hunger, and maternal mortality government, and was endorsed by the rates, where the international targets are present government which then prepared unlikely to be met. Stronger links are the TNDP to include areas addressed in its necessary between the targets in the PRSP electoral platform but not in the PRSP. and action plans to achieve them. The The PRSP has been recently extended PRSP is wide-ranging in scope, and through 2005, while the Government addresses sectors like education, health, prepares an updated version of both the water and sanitation, as well as cross- PRSP and the TNDP to ensure their cutting issues like HIV/AIDS, gender and consistency and integrate the PRSP the environment. In addition, the process with existing national planning Government has developed sector processes. strategies in health, education and The objectives of the PRSP are transport in line with the PRSP, and is tied to the MDGs, and the Government developing strategies in the water and identifies the PRSP as one of the rural development sectors. strategies towards their achievement. The Government is increasing its efforts to prioritize spending in line with the PRSP through a MTEF for 2004-06, 163The PRSP was completed in March 2002. The which is being updated. During the first TNDP was launched in December 2002. A draft year of strategy implementation, PRSP- Progress Report was completed in March 2004 and related expenditures were reduced, due to another in August 2004, covering the period through June 2004. In January 2005, a final unforeseen external expenditures. Progress Report was completed, with an Budgetary allocations for PRSP activities addendum covering the period through December were not entirely absorbed as a result of 2004. 297 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 298 Zambia capacity constraints. In 2003, the were involved in the drafting of guidelines Government undertook budget reforms for the preparation of the updated PRSP. and introduced a MTEF to help prioritize Action has been taken to include civil spending. Additionally, the Government society in PRSP formulation and is widening its definition of poverty- implementation. CSOs were involved in reducing expenditures to encompass all consultations for PRSP formulation activities that have a direct or indirect through the eight official working groups impact on poverty reduction. The which included representatives from Government also introduced Activity academia, NGOs, the church, professional Based Budgeting in 2004 to facilitate associations, and traditional leaders at the expenditure tracking. provincial level. CSOs participated in Country ownership provincial consultations and the national summit. An umbrella NGO, Civil Society The Ministry of Finance and National for Poverty Reduction (CSPR), Planning (MFNP) coordinates PRSP established parallel working groups and planning, implementation, and M&E created another report, "Poverty through its Planning and Economic Reduction Strategy Paper for Zambia: A Management Department. Inter- Civil Society Perspective," which was ministerial coordination is weak. Eight assimilated into the first PRSP draft. working groups with members of CSPR conducts its own independent government and other stakeholders, evaluation of PRSP implementation and worked on sector strategies. A Cabinet posts this information on its website. Committee on development reports Lastly, CSOs participate in many SAGs, monthly and quarterly to the Cabinet on whose meetings are open to all PRSP implementation. Twelve Sector stakeholders. Advisory Groups (SAGs) have been established to assist in implementation Private sector involvement in PRSP and monitoring and evaluation. The formulation and implementation has been better-performing SAGs meet on a limited. The private sector participated in monthly or quarterly basis, and jointly on working groups and consultations. a biannual basis. Individual businessmen participated in the provincial consultations. The private Stakeholders were consulted during sector participated in a workshop on PRSP formulation, and the Government is diversification that explored public/private taking action to involve them in dialogue partnerships, and remains somewhat consistently during implementation. involved in PRSP implementation through Awareness seminars made up the first the SAGs. stage of formulation, and included senior government officials, Ministers and Action has been taken toward various stakeholders. During formulation, Parliamentary involvement in PRSP provincial consultations included local formulation. Parliamentarians were governments and other local stakeholders. involved in PRSP formulation through A national summit was held in October awareness seminars, but did not formally 2001 to discuss the first draft of the PRSP. approve the strategy. The Constitution The Government has established annual does not call for Parliamentary approval poverty reduction conferences, the last of of development planning. The MTEF and which took place in 2004. Stakeholders Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 299 Zambia 2004 budget were brought before Partnerships have emerged as a result Parliament for approval. of joint undertakings of analytical and PRSP implementation is diluted by a financial work. External partners support shortage of capacity. Weak fiscal the Government's SWAps in education discipline and low absorptive capacity and health, and a SWAp is envisioned in slow down implementation, as do the water sector, where the Government untimely disbursements and weak has not yet finalized its strategy. There is information dissemination. Capacity no joint budget support to date. In 2003, weaknesses are more evident at the the World Bank, in collaboration with the decentralized level. Government, DFID and the EC, supported a Public Expenditure Management and Country-led partnership Financial Accountability Review. As a result, the Government made it a priority The Government is taking preliminary in 2004 to establish a Public Expenditure steps to take leadership in coordinating Management and Financial Accountability external development assistance, and with Program, and a Memorandum of help from several external partners, is Understanding was signed between the developing an external development Government and external partners like assistance policy to be led by the Ministry GTZ, the EU and the World Bank, of Finance. Coordination remains weak, outlining principles for collaboration. however. The last CG meeting was held in Lusaka in July 2002, co-chaired by the There are some efforts to provide Minister of Finance and National Planning more coherent capacity building support. and the World Bank. The next CG The harmonization Memorandum of meeting is scheduled for June 2005. Understanding includes an initiative to bolster joint capacity building strategies. External partners' strategies are The Government is working with the generally aligned with the PRSP. The six World Bank and other partners to develop major external partners are Germany, the a Public Sector Reform Program. World Bank, the EC, the IMF, the USA and the UK, accounting for approximately The Government has taken action to 79 percent of gross ODA in 2002-03. set a harmonization agenda. In the spring Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands also of 2004, the Government agreed a play an active role. ODA accounted for harmonization Memorandum of 13.6 percent of GNI in 2003.164 The EC's Understanding with several partners, 2001-07 Country Strategy Paper was including DANIDA, Finland, Germany, completed before the PRSP, but followed Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, most of the formulation process and SIDA, the UN, DFID and the World supports PRSP objectives. DFID's 2004- Bank. The Memorandum of 07 Country Assistance Plan and the World Understanding includes the development Bank's Country Assistance Strategy of an external assistance coordination FY04-07 also support the PRSP. Japan's policy, which is expected to be completed recently revised assistance strategy makes by March 2005. SWAps in health and reference to the PRSP, but does not education are already leading to explicitly support it. harmonization on agreed procurement, disbursement, reporting and M&E 164 See OECD/DAC Aid Statistics at arrangements, in some cases making use http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/12/59/1883515.gif of Government systems. A Like-Minded Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 300 Zambia Donor Group (LMDG), including System with external assistance, which is Denmark, Finland, Ireland, the expected to be operational by 2006. Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the The Government does little to UK, leads harmonization among external disseminate information about the PRSP partners. outside the open Sector Advisory Group External partners are improving their meetings and conferences about the ability to participate in day-to-day PRSP. Civil society posts information decision making by with the Government about the PRSP on two websites.165 by increasing their country presence. The M&E systems are under development World Bank's Country Director is based and were not used in the preparation of in Washington, but efforts are underway the PRSP Progress Report. A Poverty to strengthen the Country Office in Monitoring and Analysis Framework has Lusaka. USAID has decentralized been designed to provide feedback to responsibilities to its Mission, and other policy-makers on the implementation of partners are following suit. the PRSP. The proposed country-level Results focus M&E system involves an Input-Output- Outcome-Impact model that integrates all The Government has limited capacity for levels of government as well as sector data collection. The Central Statistics ministries. Sector Advisory Groups, Office collects data through specialized Provincial Development Coordinating surveys in the areas of health, Committees and District Development demographics and education. The Coordinating Committees are to meet on a Government is preparing a national weekly, monthly and quarterly basis to statistical development strategy, with the monitor implementation and produce support of a multi-donor Trust Fund for reports to the Ministry of Finance and Statistical Capacity Building, managed by National Planning and the Cabinet, and to the World Bank. The last Living disseminate standardized monitoring Conditions and Monitoring Survey was questionnaires to implementing agencies. conducted in 2002-04, and a census in The Government is working to establish a 2000. Management information systems core set of intermediate indicators to are weak or non-existent in sector include in the updated PRSP. ministries. The Government is developing a Public Expenditure Tracking 165http://www.cspr.org.zm/ and http://www.sarpn. org.za/ BIBLIOGRAPHY Albania Aid Harmonization and Alignment (2004), World Bank (2002), Country Assistance Initiatives for Albania. Strategy for Albania. 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Yemen Case __________ (2004), Vietnam: Public Study. Paris Expenditure Management and UN (2005), Press Release: UN System and Sustained Poverty Reduction: The the Government of Yemen sign first CPRGS Case. (Draft) Washington ever UN Interagency Joint Project. DC. Sanaa. Yemen UN Millennium Project (2004), Aligning Yemen's Next PRSP with the MDGs. AFD (2005), L'activité du Groupe de TOR for the Thematic Working l'Agence Française de Groups. Draft for discussion, July 14. Développement à Djibouti, en __________ (2005), Investing in Ethiopie, en Erythrée et au Yémen. Development. A Practical Plan to Paris. Achieve the MDGs. New York. Agulhas (2004), Poverty Reduction Strategies UNICEF (2004), At a Glance: Yemen. in Difficult Environments. Case Study: Yemen. DRAFT December. USAID (2003), Yemen Congressional Budget Justification 2004. Washington DC. Aid Harmonization and Alignment (2004), Initiatives for Yemen. World Bank (2002), Country Assistance Strategy for the Republic of Yemen. Constitution of the Republic of Yemen as Washington DC. amended in 1994 and Proposed Amendments to the Constitution as of __________ (2002), Republic of Yemen August 2000. Poverty Update. Washington DC. EIU (2005), Yemen Country Report __________ (2004), Basic Education (January). London Development Project. Project Appraisal Document. Washington Freedom House (2004), Yemen Country DC. Rating. World Resources Institute (2003), Government of Yemen (2002), Poverty EarthTrends Country Profiles. Reduction Strategy Paper 2003-2005. Environmental Institutions and Sanaa. Governance. Yemen. Washington DC. Government of Yemen and Government of Germany (2004), Yemeni-German Zambia Development Cooperation. Priority Constitution of Zambia Act, 1991. Lusaka. Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 341 Bibliography DFID (2004), Zambia Country Assistance OECD/DAC (2005), Survey on Plan 2004-07. London. Harmonisation and Alignment: EC (2001), Zambia Country Strategy Paper Progress on implementing 2001-07. Brussels. harmonization and alignment in 14 partner countries. Paris. Government of Zambia (2002), Zambia Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. World Bank (2003), Zambia-Public Lusaka. Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review. __________ (2004), First PRSP Economic Report. Washington DC. Implementation Progress Report January 2002-June 2003. Lusaka. __________ (2004), Country Assistance Strategy for the Republic of Zambia. IMF and World Bank (2002), Zambia Poverty Washington DC. Reduction Strategy Paper Joint Staff Assessment . Washington DC. __________ (2004), Zambia Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Annual Progress Report and Joint Staff Assessment. Washington DC. ANNEXES ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE SENT TO EXTERNAL PARTNERS 1. Is the PRS widely considered by country policy makers, civil society and private sector leaders as well as external partners as the country's national development strategy? Is it linked to a widely shared long-term vision? Are there mechanisms in place to implement it, for example through its link to the budget? 2. How strong is the government's leadership of development assistance coordination, and are there effective in-country mechanisms that help strengthen it? 3. Is your organization aligning its support with the objectives, priorities and policies identified in the PRS? Is alignment reflected in your organization's country assistance strategy? 4. Is your organization supporting sector-wide approaches, multi-donor budget support or getting involved in analytical work conducted jointly with other external partners and government institutions? 5. Is your organization supporting capacity development consistent with the PRS in partnership with the government and other development assistance agencies or is capacity support within the country fragmented? 6. Are there examples where your organization has harmonized its operational policies and procedures with country systems, for example procurement, financial management, monitoring and evaluation, or discontinued the use of Project Implementation Units to rely on country structures to coordinate project implementation? 7. Has your organization put in place internal organizational or behavioral changes needed to better respond to country needs, for example by decentralizing decision making to the country or region or strengthening its presence in the country? 8. Is your organization jointly supporting with other development assistance agencies a single country-level M&E system, integrated with existing M&E systems in line ministries, or is your support to M&E still largely at the project level? If you are supporting a single M&E system, once operational, will the system be used for preparing one consolidated report for both government institutions (e.g. Parliament, Council of Ministers, line ministries) and external partners (e.g. PRS Progress Report, MDGs Report)? 342 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 343 Annexes ANNEX 2: CREDITS Albania Bulo, Odeta ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant ECCAL Evans, Gavin ­ EC Delegation, Head of Operations Section I Jetzlsperger, Christian ­ Embassy of Germany, Second Secretary Mohammed, Nadir ­ The World Bank, Country Manager ECCAL Gilbo, Timothy ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer ECCU4 Rama, Arben ­ UNDP, Development Specialist Armenia Forster, Reiner ­ The World Bank, Social Development Specialist SDV Gerbrandy, Alex ­ Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Harmonization Advisor Hyusyan, Yeva ­ USAID Armenia, Development Program Specialist Khachatryan, Nelly ­ The World Bank, Team Assistant ECCAR Mallmann, Christopher ­ GTZ, Senior Development Economist Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Petersen, Christian ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist ECSPE Robinson, Roger ­ The World Bank, Country Manager ECCAR Azerbaijan Antoniou, Nicos ­ Europa House Coordinator Bagirova, Saida ­ The World Bank, Operations Offices ECCAZ Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Conway, Raymond ­ EBRD, Representative Jafarova, Sabina ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant ECCAZ Petersen, Christian ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist ECSPE Westfall, Matthew ­ ADB, Country Director Bangladesh Amada, Kiyoshi ­ JBIC, Chief Representative Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Howe Bottrill, Anthony ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist SASPR Hussain, Zahid ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist SASPR Wallich, Christine ­ The World Bank, Country Director SACBD Benin Alba, Pedro ­ The World Bank, Country Director formerly AFC13, currently AFC09 Ahohounkpanzon, Michel ­ UNDP, Economist and Political Consultant Amour Assogba, Aurore ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant AFMBJ Dia, Nouridine ­ The World Bank, Economist AFTP3 Gaye, Darietou ­ The World Bank, Country Manager AFMBJ Gerbrandy, Alex ­ Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Harmonization Advisor Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Thonke, Ole ­ Embassy of Denmark, First Secretary Bhutan Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Chhetri, Tek Bahadur ­ Embassy of Denmark, Program Officer Dessallien, Renata ­ UNDP, Resident Representative Hussain, Abid ­ ADB, Economist/Country Programs Specialist, South Asia Department Pantoja, Enrique ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer SACBA Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 344 Annexes Cecilia Keizer ­ SNV Netherlands Development Organization, Country Director Bolivia Antezana, Oscar ­ The World Bank, LCCBO Ayalde, Liliana ­ USAID, Mission Director Giugale, Marcelo ­ The World Bank, Country Director LCC6A Lair, Gerhard ­ IDB, Coordinator for Bolivia Luff, Connie ­ The World Bank, Country Manager LCCBO Molpeceres, Antonio ­ UNDP, Resident Representative Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Petri, Robert ­ Embassy of the Netherlands, Head of Cooperation Zeballos, Marianela ­ The World Bank, Senior Operations Officer LCCBO Bosnia and Herzegovina Bukvic, Nedim ­ SIDA, National Program Officer Gerbrandy, Alex ­ Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Harmonization Advisor Reinermann, Dirk ­ The World Bank, Country Manager ECCBA Smirnov, Irina ­ The World Bank, Research Analyst ECSPE Zaimovic, Lejla ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant ECCBA Burkina Faso Charpentier, Georg H., UNDP, Resident Representative Mateus, Helia ­ EC, DG Development Seck, Abdoulaye ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist AFTP4 Burundi Devictor, Xavier ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer AFC09 Horton, Brendan ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP3 Kastlerova, Elena ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer AFC09 Mbi, Emmanuel ­ The World Bank, Country Director MNC03 Nelson, Eric ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist AFTP4 Sow, Alassane ­ The World Bank, Country Manager AFMBI Zoyem, Jean-Paul ­ The World Bank, ET Consultant AFTPM Cambodia Addleton, Jonathan ­ USAID, Mission Director Agrawal, Nisha ­ The World Bank, Country Manager EACSF Bajpai, Shyam P. ­ ADB, Country Director Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Conway, Timothy ­ The World Bank, Poverty Specialist EASPR Gardner, Douglas ­ UNDP, Resident Representative McColgan, Winston ­ EC Delegation, Chargé d'Affaires Ros, Sivannara ­ The World Bank, Senior Program Assistant EACSF Cameroon De Mowbray, Patricia­ UNDP, Resident Coordinator Fandre, Claude ­ Embassy of France, Counselor for Cooperation and Cultural Action Mailhot, Jean-Claude ­ Canadia High Commission, Head of Cooperation, Repnik, Markus ­ The World Bank, Country Manager AFMCM Savaria, Jules ­ Canada High Commissioner Werbrouck, Antoine ­ EC Delegation, Macroeconomic Support Section Cape Verde Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 345 Annexes Tall, Madani ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC14 Van Houtte, Jean ­ The World Bank, formerly Country Economist AFTP4, currently Advisor to Executive Director EDS10 Central African Republic Eguida, Kossi ­ The World Bank, Research Analyst AFTP3 Kucey, Andrea ­ The World Bank, Operations Analyst AFC07 Nkwain, Stan ­ UNDP, Resident Representative Repnik, Markus ­ The World Bank, Country Manager AFMCM Van Gool, Milko ­ EC Delegation, Head of Economics and Society Section Chad Adoum, Fatime Mahamat ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant AFMTD Freund, Dieter ­ Embassy of Germany, Chargé d'Affaires Klaucke, Martin ­ EC Delegation Lecuit, Luc ­ The World Bank, Senior Operations Officer AFC07 Tshiani, Noel ­ The World Bank, Country Manager AFMTD Congo, Democratic Republic of Deener, Mark ­ Embassy of Belgium, Attaché Devictor, Xavier ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer AFC09 Drabo, Abdou Salam ­ The World Bank, Consultant AFTP3 Horton, Brendan ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP3 Kastlerova, Elena ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer AFC09 Mbi, Emmanuel ­ The World Bank, Country Director formerly AFC09, currently MNC03 Mushobekwa, Emilie Ayaza ­ The World Bank, Economist AFTP3 Ruhl, Onno ­ The World Bank, Country Manager AFMCD Uwaniyligira, Marie-Chantal ­ The World Bank, Operations Analyst AFC09 Congo, Republic of Borchard, Arnaud ­ EC Delegation, Head of Operations Horton, Brendan ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP3 Khenissi, Slaheddine ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist AFTP3 Mbi, Emmanuel ­ The World Bank, Country Director formerly AFC09, currently MNC03 Pihi, Joseph ­ UNDP Brazzaville, Poverty Advisor Uwaniyligira, Marie-Chantal ­ The World Bank, Operations Analyst AFC09 Cote d'Ivoire Aka-Abhe, Dominique ­ The World Bank, Senior Executive Assistant AFCCI Bogetic, Zeljko ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP1 Doffonsou, Richard Antonin ­ The World Bank, Economist AFTP4 Engelke, Wilfried ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist AFTP4 Kennedy, Evelyn ­ The World Bank, Operations Analyst AFCCI Leblanc, Michel ­ CIDA, Office Director Ngomba, Peter ­ The World Bank, Country Program Coordinator AFCCI Djibouti Anos Casero, Paloma ­ The World Bank, Country Economist MNSED Ayub, Mahmood ­ The World Bank, formerly Country Director MNC03, currently Director, Strategy & Operations AFRVP Fetini, Habib ­ The World Bank, formerly Country Program Coordinator MNCA3, currently Lead Economist MNC02 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 346 Annexes Dominica Anstey, Caroline ­ The World Bank, Country Director LCC3C Arias, Rebeca ­ UNDP Barbados & the OECS, Deputy Resident Representative Bassani, Antonella ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist and PREM Sector Leader LCC3C Lomas, Ian ­ EC Delegation Barbados, Economist, Economic Trade and Private Sector Ethiopia Acquay, Herbert ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Operations Officer AFC06 Ahmed, Shenaz ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant AFC06 Armstrong, Jill ­ The World Bank, Country Program Coordinator AFCET Getachew, Fekerte ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant AFC06 Seya, Pierre Thizier ­ AfDB, Resident Representative Van Dyck, John ­ The World Bank, Operations Analyst AFCET Gambia, The Njie, Yassin Saine ­ The World Bank, Team Assistant AFMGM Soh, Hoon Sahib ­ The World Bank, Economist AFTP4 Tall, Madani ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC14 Georgia Iacobishvilli, Nana ­ The World Bank, Office Administrator ECCGE Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Petersen, Christian ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist ECSPE Schilbach, Mirko ­ Embassy of Germany, First Secretary Southworth, Van Roy ­ The World Bank, Country Manager ECCGE Ghana Cavalcanti, Carlos ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP4 Gerbrandy, Alex ­ Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Harmonization Advisor Karlsson, Mats ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC10 Lamptey, Paula ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant AFC10 Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Mukherjee, Bishakha ­ Commonwealth Secretariat, Chief Economics Officer Van der Gaag, Mar ­Embassy of the Netherlands, Head of Development Section Walters, Paul ­ DFID, Economic Advisor Guinea Bah, Kadidiatou ­ The World Bank, Team Assistant AFMGN Bennett, Jim ­ International Policy Advising (IPA), Head of Office Bogetic, Zeljko ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP1 Engelke, Wilfried ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist AFTP4 Kennedy, Evelyn ­ The World Bank, Operations Analyst AFCCI Lefort, Bernadette ­ French Ambassador Ngomba, Peter ­ The World Bank, Country Program Coordinator AFCCI Guinea-Bissau Barry, Boubacar-Sid ­ The World Bank, ET Consultant AFTP4 Tall, Madani ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC14 Guyana Anstey, Caroline ­ The World Bank, Country Director LCC3C Bassani, Antonella ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist and PREM Sector Leader LCC3C Banister, Simone ­ DFID, Program Officer Pratt, Adrienne ­ IDB Caribbean Regional Coordinator Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 347 Annexes Sallmen, Ritva ­ EC Delegation, Economic Advisor Haiti Anstey, Caroline ­ The World Bank, Country Director LCC3C Bassani, Antonella ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist and PREM Sector Leader LCC3C Dehasse, Joelle ­ The World Bank, Operations Officer LCC3C Tano Kouame, Auguste ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Economist LCSPE Honduras Armitage, Jane ­ The World Bank, Country Director LCC2C Castro-Leal, Florencia ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist LCSPP Fitzgerald, Jennifer ­ The World Bank, Junior Professional Associate LCCHN Gallardo, Glenda ­ UNDP, Senior Economist Marchant, Andres ­ IDB, Representative Maribel, Muñoz ­ UNDP, Program Officer Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Owen, Joseph ­ The World Bank, Country Manager LCCHN Kenya Bergen, Geoffrey ­ The World Bank, Country Program Coordinator AFCKE Carneiro, Mary ­ The World Bank, Senior Executive Assistant AFC05 Diop, Makhtar ­ The World Bank, formerly Country Director AFCKE (currently Sector Director LCSFP) Kilby, Frederick ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP2 Kyrgyz Republic Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Bernhard, Philippe ­ EC Delegation, Project Manager Brown, Clifford ­ USAID, Mission Director Lovelace, Christopher ­ The World Bank, Senior Manager ECCKG Lao PDR Crousillat, Enrique ­ The World Bank, Country Manager EACLF Miyamoto, Chiho­ JICA Laos Office, Project Formulation Advisor Nugent, James ­ ADB, Country Director Tegman, Marianne­ SIDA, Counselor Lesotho Arora, Preeti ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Economist AFTP1 Decurtins, Silvio­ GTZ, Program Manager and Lesotho Focal Area Coordination Dyer, Nichola ­ The World Bank, Country Program Coordinator AFCZA Mashologu, Mandisa ­ UNDP, Senior Policy Advisor Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Rasethuntsa, Likeleli Theresia ­ The World Bank, Team Assistant AFMLS Reinikka, Ritva ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC01 Liberia Ionkova, Kremena ­ The World Bank, Operations Analyst OPCDM Madagascar Bidani, Benu ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP1 Bond, James ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC08 Dooley, Janet ­ The World Bank, Country Officer AFCMG Haykin, Stephen ­ USAID, Mission Director Heidenhof, Guenter ­ The World Bank, Lead Public Sector Specialist AFTPR Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 348 Annexes Medori, Patrick ­ Embassy of France, Attaché for International Cooperation Malawi Kimes, Christine ­ The World Bank, Senior Operations Officer AFTOS Ngwira, Tanangachi ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant AFMMW Schafer, Hartwig ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC03 Mali Maiga Togola, Haiwa ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant AFMML O'Halloran, Eavan ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer AFC15 Konate, Abdoulaye ­ The World Bank, Economist AFTP4 Mapp, Latanya ­ USAID, Program Officer Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Mauritania Callier, Philippe ­ IMF, Resident Representative Cisse Wague, Hawa ­ The World Bank, Economist AFTP4 Molinier, Cécile ­ UNDP, Resident Representative O'Halloran, Eavan ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer AFC15 Moldova Barberis, Giovanna ­ UNICEF, Representative Bermingham, Paul ­ The World Bank, Country Director ECCU2 Paghinu, Silvia ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant ECCMD Pouezat, Bruno ­ UNDP, Resident Representative Sandu, Maya ­ The World Bank, Economist ECSPE Mongolia Batsaikhan, Nandinchimeg ­ The World Bank, ET Temporary EACMF Dhevan Meyanathan, Saha ­ The World Bank, Country Manager EACMF Hitchcock, Barry ­ ADB, Country Director Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Tsolmon, Bat-Ochir ­ The World Bank, Senior Operations Officer EACMF Vorwerk, Michael ­ German Ambassador Mozambique Baxter, Michael ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC02 Chiron, Guillaume­ AFD Franco, Antonio ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Economist AFTP1 Guimaraes Madeira, Marta Tomazia ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant AFC02 Malate Amaral, Lurdes Samuel ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant AFC02 Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Sandhop, Carsten ­ KfW Office Maputo Watson, James ­ USAID, Program Officer Nepal Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Gautam, Kiran ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant SACNP Gurung, Narendra Kumar, JICA Nepal Office Ohashi, Kenichi ­ The World Bank, Country Director SACNP DFID Nicaragua Armitage, Jane ­ The World Bank, Country Director LCC2C Ballivian, Maria-Amparo ­ The World Bank, Country Manager LCCNI Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 349 Annexes Castillo, Linda ­ The World Bank, Office Assistant LCCNI Littlejohn, Coleen ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Operations Officer LCCNI Montoya, Yolaina ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant CLALA Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Niger Alba, Pedro ­ The World Bank, Country Director formerly AFC13, currently AFC09 Barke, Hamsatou ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant AFMNE Falavigna, Michele ­ UNDP, Resident Representative Kahane, Hervé ­ AFD, Office Deputy Director Turbat, Vincent ­ The World Bank, Country Manager AFMNE Pakistan Aicken, Gareth ­ DFID, Deputy Head of DFID - Pakistan Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Buckley, Thomas ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer SACPA Ferro, Manuela ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist SASPR Hamid, Naved ­ ADB, Senior Economic Advisor Inayatullah, Chaudhry ­ UNDP, Assistant Resident Representative Khawar, Shabana ­ The World Bank, Senior Operations Officer SACPK Qadir, Abdul ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant SACPA Sudders, Matthew ­ DFID, Policy Analyst, Policy Division Rwanda Anderson, James ­ USAID, Mission Director Brems, Dirk ­ Embassy of Belgium, Attaché for International Cooperation Devictor, Xavier ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer AFC09 Ezemenari, Kene ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist AFTP3 Horton, Brendan ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP3 Kamau, Macharia ­ UNDP, Resident Representative Kastlerova, Elena ­ The World Bank, Senior Country Officer AFC09 Leeming, Thomas ­ EC Delegation, Economist Mbi, Emmanuel ­ The World Bank, Country Director MNC03 Opper, Susan ­ The World Bank, Senior Education Specialist AFTH3 Radisic, Gradimir ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist AFTPR Sayinzoga, Kampeta ­ The World Bank, Junior Professional Associate AFMRW Teggemann, Stefanie ­ The World Bank, Public Sector Specialist AFTPR Sao Tome and Principe Ballorca, Marlene ­ Embassy of France Bolaky, Bineswaree ­ UNDP, Assistant Resident Representative/Economist Madani, Dorsati ­ The World Bank, Economist AFTP4 Obayashi, Natsuko ­ AfDB, Senior Country Economist Senegal Diallo, Taib ­ UNDP, Advisor Diop, Batchily Fatim ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant AFC14 Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Morisset, Jacques ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP4 Tall, Madani ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC14 Serbia and Montenegro Ivanovic, Zana ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant ECCYU Jungr, Carolyn ­ The World Bank, Country Manager ECCYU Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 350 Annexes Hernandez-Aragones, Esmeralda­ EC Delegation, Counsellor Stern, Michelle ­ USAID, Special Assistant for Program Strategy Vrbensky, Rastislav ­ UNDP, Resident Representative Sierra Leone Jalloh, Salieu ­ The World Bank, Office Assistant AFMSL Karlsson, Mats ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC10 Maund, Jim ­ DFID, Deputy Head, West Africa Department Sackey, James ­ The World Bank, Country Manager AFMSL Sri Lanka Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Dado, Marinela ­ The World Bank, Country Officer SACSA De Mel, Dharini ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant SACSL Harrold, Peter ­ The World Bank, Country Director SACSL Morford, Richard ­ MCC, Managing Director, Donor & Multilateral Relations Mukherjee, Bishakha ­ Commonwealth Secretariat, Chief Economics Officer Sudan Klugman, Jeni ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP2 Tajikistan Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Denizer, Cevdet ­ The World Bank, Country Manager ECCTJ Motomura, Kazuko ­ ADB, Country Director Tokusheva, Anara ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant ECCU8 Tanzania Agerholm Ruge, Astrid ­ The World Bank, Program Officer AFC04 Endo, Mamoru ­ Embassy of Japan, Advisor, Economic Cooperation Jacob, Anna ­ The World Bank, Executive Assistant AFC04 Marlett, Melanie ­ The World Bank, Country Program Coordinator AFCTZ Moon, Allister ­ The World Bank, Lead Economist AFTP2 Timor-Leste Huybens, Elisabeth ­ The World Bank, Country Manager EACDF Rodriguez-Garcia, Rosalia ­ The World Bank, ET Consultant OPCRX Uganda Canagarajah, Roy S. ­ The World Bank, Senior Economist AFTP2 Gerbrandy, Alex ­ Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Harmonization Advisor Hawthorn, Eric ­ DFID, Head of Office Kaye, Agnes ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant AFMUG Lemoine, Francis ­ EC Delegation, Program Officer Vietnam Adams, Susan ­ IMF, Senior Resident Representative Balkind, Jeffrey ­ The World Bank, Consultant OEDCR Bhattacharyay, Biswanath ­ ADB, Principal Reform Coordinator Specialist Chau, Dao Minh ­ SDC, Senior Program Officer Frank, Dean ­ CIDA, Counselor for Development Hong Bo, Mai Thi ­ The World Bank, ET Consultant EACVF Lopez, Nga Vinh Dao ­ The World Bank, Senior Program Assistant EACVQ Nguyen, Hang Thu ­ The World Bank, Program Assistant EACVF Rohland, Klaus ­ The World Bank, Country Director EACVF Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 351 Annexes Ryan, Jordan ­ UNDP, Resident Representative Sato, Keiko ­ The World Bank, Country Program Coordinator EACVQ Yemen Ayub, Mahmood ­ The World Bank, formerly Country Director MNC03, currently Director, Strategy & Operations AFRVP Gerbrandy, Alex ­ Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Harmonization Advisor Hindle, Robert ­ The World Bank, formerly Country Manager MNCYE, currently Senior Manager INT Zambia Chilufya, Judith ­ The World Bank, Team Assistant AFMZM Gerbrandy, Alex ­ Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Harmonization Advisor Palale, Patricia ­ The World Bank, Public Sector Management Specialist AFTPR Schafer, Hartwig ­ The World Bank, Country Director AFC03 Sharif, Mohammed Taqi ­ The World Bank, Senior Financial Analyst AFTS1 INDEX Albania Burkina Faso Ministry of Finance website at Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté, www.minfin.gov.al/skzhes/skzhes.htm, 4 2 National Strategy for Socio-Economic Prime Minister's Office website at Development, 9 www.primature.gov.bf/documents/docume Armenia nts.php, 5 Ministry of Finance and Economy website at Burundi www.mfe.am/mfeengweb/indexeng.htm, Cadre Stratégique de Croissance et de Lutte 10 contre la Pauvreté, 1 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 6 Interim Strategic Framework for Accelerating PRSP Secretariat website at www.prsp.am, 10 Economic Growth and Reducing Poverty, Azerbaijan 1 Ministry of Economic Development website Vice-Presidency website at at www.economy.gov.az/prsp, 5 www.cslpburundi.org, 6 State Programme on Poverty Reduction and Economic Development, 1 Cambodia National Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2 Bangladesh National Strategic Development Plan website Ministry of Finance website at at www.erd.gov.bd/iprsp/iprsp.jsp, 4 www.nprs.gov.kh/default.aspx?IDPage=10 National Strategy for Economic Growth, 0&IDPageCat=100, 7 Poverty Reduction and Social Cameroon Development, 2 Document de Stratégie de Lutte contre la Unlocking the Potential Pauvreté, 1 National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Ministry of Environment and Forestry website Reduction, 2 at Benin www.minef.cm/FR/PSFE/acceuilpsfe.htm, Document de Stratégie de Réduction de la 6 Pauvreté au Bénin, 1 National Institute of Statistics website at Government of Benin website at www.statistics-cameroon.org/, 6 www.gouv.bj/en/textes_rapports/rapports/i Cape Verde ndex_top.php, 5 Government of Cape Verde website at Bhutan www.governo.cv/, 5 Cover Note to the Ninth Plan Main Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Document, 1 Paper, 1 Department of Planning website at National Statistics Institute website at www.dop.gov.bt/fyp/index.htm and www.ine.cv, 5 www.dop.gov.bt/rep/index.htm, 4 Central African Republic Bolivia Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté, Estrategia Boliviana para la Reducción de la 1 Pobreza, 1 Chad Ministry of Economic Development website Stratégie National de Réduction de la at www.desarrollo.gov.bo, 6 Pauvreté, 2 Unidad de Análisis y Políticas Económicas Congo, Democratic Republic of website at www.udape.gov.bo/, 6 Document Stratégique de Lutte contre la Bosnia and Herzegovina Pauvreté, 2 Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 2 Herzegovina website at Ministry of Finance website at www.bih.prsp.info/, 4 www.minfinrdc.cd, 6 Medium Term Development Strategy, 1 Congo, Republic of 352 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 353 Index Document Intérimaire de Stratégie de Investment Programme for the Economic Réduction de la Pauvreté, 1 Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Ministry of Economy, Finance and Budget Employment Creation, 1 website at www.mefb-cg.org/dsrpi.htm, 3 Ministry of Planning and National Cote D'Ivoire Development website at Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 2 www.planning.go.ke/, 6 Kyrgyz Republic Djibouti CDF Secretariat website at Document Stratégique de Réduction de la www.cdf.gov.kg/en, 5 Pauvreté, 2 Expanding the Country's Capacities - Ministry of Economy, Finance and Planning National Poverty Reduction Strategy, 1 website at www.ministere- finances.dj/DSRP/index.HTM, 4 Lao PDR Dominica National Growth and Poverty Eradication Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 1 Strategy, 2 Lesotho Ethiopia Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 2 Sustainable Development and Poverty Liberia Reduction Program, 2 Results-Focused Transition Framework, 2 Gambia, The Madagascar Strategy for Poverty Alleviation II, 2 Document de Stratégie pour la Réduction de Georgia la Pauvreté, 2 Economic Development and Poverty Secretariat Technique de l'Ajustement website Reduction Program, 2 at www.simicro.mg/sta/, 4 Ghana Malawi Agenda for Growth and Prosperity - Ghana Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 2 Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2 Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning website at website at www.finance.gov.gh/, 7 www.finance.malawi.gov.mw/PRSPpub.ht Guinea m, 5 Stratégie de la Réduction de la Pauvreté Mali website at www.srp-guinee.org/, 4 Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté, Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté, 1 1 Guinea-Bissau Mauritania National Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2 Cadre Stratégique de Lutte contre la Pauvreté, Guyana 2 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 2 Government of Mauritania PRSP website at Poverty Reduction Strategy Secretariat www.mauritania.mr/fr/index.php?niveau= website at www.povertyreduction.gov.gy/, 3&codecateg=1&coderub=5, 4 4 Moldova Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Haiti Strategy Paper, 1 Cadre de Coopération Intérimaire, 2 Government of Moldova EGPRSP website at Groupe de Pilotage website at www.scers.md/, 7 haiticci.undg.org, 7 Mongolia Honduras Economic Growth Support and Poverty Estrategia para la Reducción de la Pobreza, 1 Reduction Strategy, 1 Ministry of Finance website at Office of the Prime Minister of Mongolia www.sefin.gob.hn/erp.html, 6 website at www.open- Sistema de Información de la Estrategia para government.mn/english/phpgov/index.php la Reducción de la Pobreza website at ?vlink=indexhome.php&vmenunum=100& www.sierp.hn, 6 vurl=/phpgov/index.php&vlang=1, 5 Mozambique Kenya Government of Mozambique website at www.govmoz.gov.mz/parpa/index.htm, 6 Enabling Country Capacity to Achieve Results 354 Index Plano de Acção para a Redução da Pobreza Regaining Sri Lanka Absoluta, 1 Vision and Strategy for Accelerated Development, 2 Nepal Sudan National Planning Commission website at Framework for Sustained Peace, www.npc.gov.np/tenthplan/the_tenth_plan. Development and Poverty Eradication, 1 htm, 5 Joint Assessment Mission website at The Tenth Plan, 1 www.unsudanig.org/JAM/drafts/index.jsp, Nicaragua 5 Estrategia Reforzada de Crecimiento Económico y Reducción de la Pobreza, 1 Tajikistan Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Operativo, 1 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 6 Niger Tanzania Government of Niger website at www.niger- Government of Tanzania website at gouv.ne/, 4 www.tanzania.go.tz/economyf.html, 6 Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2 Ministry of Finance website at www.mof.go.tz, 6 Pakistan National Strategy for Growth and Reduction Accelerating Economic Growth and Reducing of Poverty, 2 Poverty Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2 The Road Ahead, 1 Timor-Leste Ministry of Finance website at National Development Plan, 1 www.finance.gov.pk/poverty/home.html, 6 Uganda Rwanda Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Ministry of Economic Planning and Finance Development website at website at www.finance.go.ug/peap_revision/index.ht www.minecofin.gov.rw/poverty_reduction m, 6 /index.htm, 6 Poverty Eradication Action Plan, 2 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 2 Vietnam Sao Tome and Principe Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Estratégia nacional de redução da pobreza, 2 Growth Strategy, 1 Senegal Document de Stratégie de Réduction de la Yemen Pauvreté, 1 Ministry of Planning and Development Ministry of Economy and Finance website at website at www.mpd-yemen.org, 5 www.finances.gouv.sn, 5 Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2 Serbia and Montenegro Third Five-Year Socio-economic Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs website Development Plan, 2 at www.mnprsp.vlada.cg.yu/en/en.html, 5 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 1 Zambia Sierra Leone Civil Society for Poverty Reduction website National Programme for Food Secutrity, Job at www.cspr.org.zm/, 4 Creation and Good Governance, 1 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, 1 Sri Lanka Southern African Regional Poverty Network Ministry of Finance website at website at www.sarpn.org.za/, 4 www.priu.gov.lk/index.html, 4