rural area;difference in returns;source of drinking water;access to basic service;real per capita expenditure;access to health service;welfare distribution;living standard ...  See More + antenatal care services;standard of living;garbage collection system;quality of education;regional poverty line;early childhood mortality;consumption per capita;health care facility;accumulation of capital;education and health;consumption of households;indicators of welfare;health care facilities;equality of opportunity;factor of production;higher education level;cost of living;improved water source;estimation of equation;place of residence;economies of scale;Exchange Rates;regional disparity;metropolitan area;unemployment rate;health indicator;consumption level;health facility;household characteristic;blinder decomposition;basic housing;consumption basket;improved sanitation;metro areas;capita ratio;confidence interval;consumption expenditure;household wealth;household composition;education indicator;lagging region;household welfare;important component;poor household;child malnutrition;metropolitan region;welfare indicator;internal migration;malnutrition rates;wealth group;spatial inequality;nutrition indicator;consumption measure;causal relationship;Public Services;selection bias;population share;urban challenge;economic geography;natural endowment;agglomeration level;water service;water system;regression approach;marital status;unemployed adult;Water Services;welfare level;persistent gaps;marginal change;standard error;spatial difference;spatial disparities;explanatory variable;natural logarithm;agglomeration effect;regional breakdown;index number;alternative specification;sample mean;Population Density;decomposition technique;living expense;rising consumption;random sample;international standard;rural dimension;standard deviation;average welfare;decomposition results;consumption aggregate;rural resident;gender difference;city region;small villages;raw data;regional location;educational level;expenditure quintile;wealth quintile;toilet facility;underweight child;rising trend;educational disparity;total consumption;price index;wealth distribution;household consumption;housing infrastructure;geographical disparity;rural unemployment;regional convergence;medical provider;rural disparity;test score;egyptian pound;consumption increase;horizontal axis;expenditure aggregate;population size;agglomeration index;transport cost;empirical analysis;road transportation;  See Less -