The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) Additional Financing Appraisal Environmental and Social Review Summary Appraisal Stage (AF ESRS Appraisal Stage) Public Disclosure Date Prepared/Updated: 09/24/2021 | Report No: ESRSAFA245 Sep 25, 2021 Page 1 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country Region Borrower(s) Implementing Agency(ies) Madagascar AFRICA EAST The Republic of Ministry of Interior and Madagascar Decentralization Project ID Project Name P177606 Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF Parent Project ID (if any) Parent Project Name P171056 Support for resilient livelihoods in the South of Madagascar Practice Area (Lead) Financing Instrument Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Social Sustainability and Investment Project 9/30/2021 11/22/2021 Inclusion Financing Public Disclosure Proposed Development Objective The PDO are to improve access to basic infrastructure and livelihood opportunities and strengthen local governance in southern Madagascar with a primary focus on youth and women, and to provide a rapid and sustainable response to the food security crisis. Financing (in USD Million) Amount Current Financing 0.00 Proposed Additional Financing 0.00 Total Proposed Financing 0.00 B. Is the project being prepared in a Situation of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints, as per Bank IPF Policy, para. 12? Yes C. Summary Description of Proposed Project [including overview of Country, Sectoral & Institutional Contexts and Relationship to CPF] Sep 25, 2021 Page 2 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world and the COVID-19 crisis is expected to hit hard the regions of extreme poverty. Southern Madagascar—comprised of the three administrative regions Anosy, Androy, and Atsimo- Andrefana—has long remained at the margins of the state development initiatives and supportive governance structures. Southern Madagascar is the poorest part of the country with an estimated 91% of the population below the poverty line, and sources of livelihoods limited primarily to subsistence farming and fishing. Ongoing social monitoring in southern Madagascar shows that there is a broadly held perception of a rise in insecurity to mitigate the concomitant impacts of COVID-19. The current 'Madagascar Emergence Initiative' (Plan D’Emergence de Madagascar, PEM) and the Integrated Development Strategy of the Great South (Stratégie Intégrée Du Grand Sud- SIDGS, supported by the UNDP) provide an opportunity to support an enhanced approach to sustainable and inclusive local development in southern Madagascar. Furthermore, to help support local accountability, the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization MID enacted decree 2015-957 to create local consultation structures (Structures Locales de Concertation, SLC). Through a consultative process, the SLCs are responsible, with the mayor, to develop Integrated and Inclusive Local Development Plans (PDLII) in coordination with regional priorities. Results of the recent study on “mapping of informal networks in southern Madagascar” show that supporting saving groups, community-based organizations, and local cooperatives feature prominently in the design of donors projects and are essential for re-engaging local communities in their development. At the outset of the COVID-19 crisis, and as part of the budget restructuring, the Government of Madagascar in order to mitigate the impacts of the pandemics, the project support for resilient livelihoods for southern Madagascar Public Disclosure (referred to as MIONJO in Malagasy), in line with Madagascar CPF, was enlisted as one of the recovery projects. The project builds on insights gained, and outcomes achieved, by the WBG through engagement in the governance sector (Public Sector Performance Project I and II), social protection (FIAVOTA), and the private sector (PIC I and II). The proposed project is structured around five components: Component 1: Strengthening decentralized local governments, participatory planning and social resilience ($13.5m) Sub-Component 1A: Strengthening the Decentralized Territorial Collectivities (Collectivités Territoriales Décentralisées-CTD) on Community-based Planning, and the Delivery of Services ($5M). This sub-component seeks to improve the organizational capacity of SLCs and Local Development Agents to serve as platforms of concertation and coordination and source of proposals in the decision-making process at the local level for an inclusive and integrated development. Areas of capacity building include: (i) socio-organizational capacity building including techniques of facilitation and leadership; (ii) participatory planning and participatory budgeting, (iii) project implementation, including aspects of procurement and financial management, (iv) operating procedures on the integration of sensitive climate change planning into community development priorities, (v) change management, and (vi) monitoring and evaluation including techniques of data collection and knowledge management. This sub- component also seeks to improve local governance performance by strengthening the institutional capacity of local communes and rehabilitating of key municipal infrastructure (e.g., municipal offices) to improve service delivery. Areas of capacity building include: (i) financial management and procurement, (ii) participatory planning and budgeting, (iii) transparency and accountability, (iv) revenue and tax management, (v) support for the preparation of documents for grants, (vi) support for coordination with different platforms (such as Health Committees, Vigilance Committees) for the pooling of resources, and (vii) strengthening of capacity for municipal leaders as well as SLCs and Sep 25, 2021 Page 3 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) ADLs to monitor the performance of the Communes through the annual exercises of the self-assessment of the Local Governance Index (IGL) and to built municipal offices), t o ensure qualitative services delivery and proper functioning of SLCs. Finally, this sub-component aims to promote and strengthen collaboration between CTD and STD (Structures Territoriales Déconcentrés) to support service delivery and implementation of local development plans. This will be a key ingredient to ensure successful implementation of components 2 on resilient infrastructure, and component 3 on resilient livelihood. Sub-Component 1B: Strengthening social resilience, citizen engagement, and conflict prevention ($5M) Under this sub-component, the SLCs will work with a Facilitating Partner (FP), a local or international non- governmental organization, to mobilize communities and have them participate in various activities which will cover: (i) developing a participatory mapping of vulnerabilities of inhabitants of the communes to support implementation component 2 and 3 of the project-this mapping will also include a mapping of donor financing in the communes and the household recipients of social protection schemes; (ii) identifying a series of social activities that target entire communes or community based groups (CBG) formed around similar trait (youth, women, survivors of GBV, etc.), which will provide mentor-ship and social empowerment, particularly for those traditionally disenfranchised; and (iii) early response activities (a community-based Early Warning and Response System (EWRS)) to address traditional conflicts (community related) with an early response mechanism (mediation, fact-finding, sensitization), where collaboration with local gendarmerie for response will be key and promote medium- to long-term response for issues related to natural disasters and food insecurity to be taken into account in local development processes. The communication campaign will be designed on the regional level and implemented in each of the districts targeted in SOP Phase 1 to create an enabling environment to disseminate information about the activities of the Project, but Public Disclosure also to address social issues that activities will address including focusing on social norms. Component 2: Resiliency infrastructure ($41.5M) Sub-Component 2A: Commune Resiliency Grants ($28.5). This component provides grants (‘Commune Resiliency Grants’) to improve access to basic services and infrastructure in the communes of the selected districts (with the exception of the urban center of Fort Dauphin). All basic services and small infrastructure financed will need to follow the national standards for climate screening adopted by the Government of Madagascar. The transfer of funds will happen through the Local Development Fund (FDL) an established institutional structure within the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization (MID), and which has a well-established system for fiscal transfers from the central level to communes. Potential investments (sub-projects) include the construction, upgrading or rehabilitation of small scale community infrastructure, including water supplies (boreholes, pipeline connections), school buildings, health centers, electrification, access roads or similar infrastructure based on a positive list. Sub-Component 2B: Regional water resiliency infrastructure ($14M) The region of Androy in particular suffers from water scarcity, characterized by the absence of water sources of drinking quality at the local level and repeated droughts. This sub-component will finance rehabilitation of an existing pipeline (pipeline of Ampotaka and Sampona) for drinking water and water extensions to communities, replacement of water pipes, rehabilitation/constructions of water tanks, new pumping stations, and change of the power source, including necessary feasibility studies and supervision of works activities and operation and maintenance. Component 3: Supporting Resilient livelihoods ($36M) Sub-Component 3A: Support for community-based organizations and local value chains ($16M). This sub-component will use the principles of the graduation model to finance existing or new community-based organizations though Sep 25, 2021 Page 4 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) livelihoods grants, coupled with holistic and targeted technical skills training, support to meet basic needs, and build financial inclusion and social empowerment, to engage in improved livelihood opportunities. Multi-year packages will be delivered to households and group members through these community-based organizations. Packages to SHGs (Self-Help Group) will include (i) setting up savings mechanism and progressing towards receiving seed grants to help them establish revolving funds, (ii) support for basic needs in case they are not supported by existing social protection mechanisms; (iii) basic training for livelihoods support and future integration in LGs (Livelihood Group); Sub-component 3B: Irrigation schemes for resilient livelihoods ($20M) Given the focus of the regions in the south on agriculture productivity, and given the repetitive climate shocks and drought periods, this sub-component will focus on the rehabilitation of selected small and medium irrigation schemes to support livelihoods opportunities in the targeted districts. The focus will be most probably on head-works damaged or destroyed by floods caused by cyclones, and on solving the problem of siltation of intakes and canals. In any case the rehabilitation/modernization investments should be anticipated by proper hydrological studies and by detailed designs. Component 4: Implementation Support and Knowledge Learning. ($11.5m) Sub-component 4A. Project implementation and geospatial knowledge platform ($9M). This component will finance environmental and social impact assessments, project management reporting, administration and logistical support for project implementation including knowledge and learning. Given the novelty of this integrated and phased approach, this component will also support evaluations studies for the project, knowledge and learning for government staff, communes, and civil society representatives to learn from community-based approaches Public Disclosure implemented regionally and globally, and a geo-spatial platform for monitoring the activities of the projects. This component will also finance the operational costs of fiscal transfers for FDL and the establishment of an inter- ministerial committee for the strategic guidance of the Project. Sub-component 4B. Studies and preparatory analysis for SOP 2($2.5M) Given the dire need of large infrastructure in the regions of the big south, including drinking water, roads, irrigation schemes, etc… the sub-component will finance studies, intensive participatory consultations, planning, feasibility and design of proposed large scale infrastructure identified on the regional level that will support resilience and improved livelihoods of communities to face future shocks. The studies will include the exploration of deep freshwater resource in the coastal area in order to identify water supply opportunities for communities not benefiting from the pipelines. Component 5: Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC): Under the CERC, in the event of an eligible crisis or emergency, funds may be reallocated from other components of the project. This component, if activated, would finance rapid response measures and early recovery activities to address disaster, emergency and/or catastrophic events at the community level. This would be achieved by providing community grants implemented following a set of simplified procedures set out in a special project Contingent Emergency Response (CER) Manual. Applicable national and World Bank emergency response procedures for procurement and disbursements would be applied. The acceptance by the World Bank of the CER Manual would be a condition of disbursement under this component. Sep 25, 2021 Page 5 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) D. Environmental and Social Overview D.1. Detailed project location(s) and salient physical characteristics relevant to the E&S assessment [geographic, environmental, social] The lack of a road network and other infrastructure in the South contributes to its continuing isolation. The three regions suffer from the numerical insufficiency of health facilities and their remoteness from the many rural villages. The state of health of rural communities is quite precarious, due to food poverty. The poor infrastructure is due in part to the lack of a sustained development approach. Access to water is paramount to the survival of the people of the Deep South. With the region’s reliance on rain fed agriculture, malnutrition and famine are likely to grow worse during longer and more frequent periods of drought. Water resource, groundwater reserve and surface water, is becoming scarce due to unfavorable weather conditions in the southern region: Androy, Anosy, Atsimo Andrefana. Other dangers for the south include rising populations, the limited ability of sedentary farmers to move and adapt and increasing incidence of locust invasions and other pests. The regions already infested by Madagascar Migratory Locusts and the region potentially affected by locust infestations are: Androy, Anosy, Atsimo Andrefana, Ihorombe, Matsiatra Ambony, and Menabe, covering 21 districts. In general, the rural population exposed to the locust risk is estimated at 4.25 million people, or 15 percent of the Malagasy population. The South is also affected by bush fires and deforestation. Fires often occur prior to wet (planting and grazing) seasons to clear existing fields before planting and to improve grazing, while deforestation is principally associated with clearing land for new sedentary crop farming areas. Both fires and deforestation are increasing due to population pressures. Insecurity in the South has increased significantly in recent years with gangs of dahalo (cattle robbers), composed mainly of young men, clashing with local communities and police. The additional financing will strengthen the activities of the parent project: (i) to improve access to protected and sustainable multi-use water sources by installing 70 water points; (ii) to rehabilitate food production and livelihood Public Disclosure systems and restore the coping capacity of drought-affected households (to mitigate the emerging Madagascar Migratory Locusts threat in the South; cash transfers bundled with agricultural technical packages; support to reconstitute seeds stocks and rehabilitate seeds systems; catalyze the diversification and enhanced resilience of livelihoods); (iii) to stabilize 700 ha of dunes, install 45km of wind breaks along agricultural lands, install 10 permanent nurseries and 20 temporary nurseries to produce over 1.5 million plants, 500 ha of multi-use reforestation. The AF will be implemented in the three southern regions of Madagascar of the parent project (Anosy nadroy and Atsimo-Andrefana) with the addition of 3 more regions under this AF (Ihorombe - Matsiatra and Menabe) to cover the locust program. These regions are classified as semi-arid where the availability of water, which is already problematic, is exacerbated and influenced by climate change effects. Currently, the average rain is relatively low at 350mm due to the rain-shadow effect in the south-east of the country attached to the Anosyenne Mountains. The deforestation rate in the Region is around 2.8% compared to 1.5% at the national level. Droughts in the south are classified as chronic and famines in the area have been recorded since the end of the 19th century. Now climate change poses potential risks and has already increased average temperatures in the region combined with erratic rainfalls patterns, which have compounded the effects of droughts, cyclones and the influence of plagues of locusts. The inhabitants in the South of Madagascar are principally rural communities dominated by a relatively young population. Poverty, measured by the number of people living on less than US$1.90 per day (PPP dollar, 2011) shows almost the entire South (over 90%) to be very poor. Vulnerability to poverty is greater in rural areas. D. 2. Borrower’s Institutional Capacity On the national level, a high-level inter-ministerial committee, chaired by the Ministry of Interior (MID), will provide strategic guidance and ensure consistency and support for the multi-sectoral project activities. A National project implementation unit (N-PIU) will have the responsibility for project management. The N-PIU is operational and is hosted within MID, and lead project implementation, coordinating activities on the ground and progress reporting. Sep 25, 2021 Page 6 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) The N-PIU is working closely with (i) INDDL, an established institutional structure within MID, to provide the necessary support for the established SLC and strengthening the services of deconcentrated services component 1 A, (ii) FDL (Fonds de Développement Local), an established institutional structure within MID responsible for fiscal transfers for communes, to support the technical, fiduciary, environmental and social reviews for all sub-projects under component 2A; and (iii) will also support the Facilitating Partner (FR) for ensuring the payments for sub-grants and transfer funds directly to beneficiaries under Component 3.A. Under the AF to scale-up CERC activities, the N-PMU of the MIONJO Project will be supported by the following Implementing Partners: (i) Component 5A will be implemented by Ministère de l’Eau, de l’Assainissement et de l’Hygiène supported by UNICEF (ii) Component 5B will be implemented by the Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Elevage supported by FAO, (iii) Component 5C will be implemented by Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable supported by UNDP ; (iv) Component 5D will be implemented by Ministère de l’Intérieur et de la Décentralisation via le Bureau national de gestion des risques et des catastrophes (BNRGC). These entities will conduct these activities in accordance with an agreement and budget drawn up with the NPMU. FAO, UNICEF and UNDP have been present in Madagascar for many years. Their added values are based on (i) unrivalled technical expertise in their respective domains, (ii) a long tradition of collaboration with the technical services of Malagasy Ministries, (iii) an efficient organizational and logistical infrastructure for crisis management, and (iv) consolidated relationships with numerous donors, which facilitates the rapid mobilization of funding for the implementation of large-scale actions. These institutions have in place sound environmental and social policies and procedures with operational guidance notes. They are familiar with the World Bank's environmental and social Public Disclosure standards from their previous collaborations on World Bank-financed projects. FAO and UNICEF are familiar with the environmental and social requirements of World Bank and the current E&S team operational in the parent project is increasingly also learning the provisions under ESF. BNGRC is familiar with World Bank’s operations and standards through the ongoing Program Entity for Measured, Reported and Verified Emission Reductions related to reduced deforestation, forest degradation and the enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+, P167725) at the national level in Madagascar. The N-PIU has established an organizational structure that includes an Environmental Specialist and a Social Specialist under the parent project and will be maintained with this AF. A GBV specialist is currently under recruitment and expected onboard within a few months. Although the N-PIU has no prior experience with the ESF, they are gradually building their capacity as the Parent Project is advancing. The N-PMU E&S specialists follow-up day-to-day E&S aspects of the project implementation and have an oversight function of the various implementing partners. The relevant staff and consultants working within the project have received initial trainings on the ESF and will continue to be trained on the new ESF and other required E&S risk management tools prior to implementation and throughout the project implementation. II. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL (ES) RISKS AND IMPACTS A. Environmental and Social Risk Classification (ESRC) Substantial Sep 25, 2021 Page 7 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) Environmental Risk Rating Substantial The environmental risk classification for the Project remains substantial under the World Bank ESF. The project will support investments to increase water supply to Androy and Atsimo Andrefana regions. It runs from the Mandrare and Ampotaka rivers to recharge and retain water in the reservoirs to distribute freshwater to villages and cities, as well as measures to increase efficient use and productive use in agricultural water management. As the technical data on water supply component are limited during the parent project preparation, the ESMF has addressed scoping of potential environmental and social risks and impacts by outlining the draft ToR for preparing a standalone ESIA and ESMPs that are under preparation at this stage in parallel of technical studies. The rural electrification and the PV solar panel used for the water component could generate impacts and risks on the environment and communities during the construction and the maintenance of solar systems, and marketing of solar energy kits to the households. Solar PV systems will generate e-waste and during operation phase the systems will need maintenance such as replacing batteries or other types of waste. These issues of e-waste have be addressed the electrical waste management plan prepared with the parent project. Under the AF, the project will finance swarm control, livelihood protection and rehabilitation to fight the locust crisis in the south. The Ministry of Agriculture will be supported by FAO to implement the locust program under this AF. FAO is familiar with the environmental requirements of World Bank and the current E&S team operational in the parent project is increasingly learning also the provisions under ESF. An Integrated Pesticides Management Framework (IPMF) was prepared during the preparation of parent project. A Pest Management Plan for locust program will be prepared for bank's review and approval before to launch the AF-activities on the ground. The remain activities under this AF like (i) the improving access to protected and sustainable multi-use water sources by installing 70 water points; (ii) the stabilization of 700 Public Disclosure ha of dunes with installing of 45km of wind breaks along agricultural lands, and creating of 10 permanent nurseries and 20 temporary nurseries to produce over 1.5 million plants, 500 ha of multi-use reforestation, could generate positive impacts such as improved community infrastructures, improving assets and livelihood, reducing erosion on the dunes and improving reforestation zones in the south of the country. To reduce risks and any negative impacts, the screening form in the ESFM will be used to develop the right E&S instruments and measures to be implemented to these identified activities. The ESMF of the parent project will be updated to capture the implications of the proposed new activities proposed in the AF and the locust emergency response components and the full range of associated potential environmental risks and impacts covered by the ESF. Social Risk Rating Substantial Overall, the project is expected to contribute to positive social impacts such as improved community infrastructures, improving assets and livelihood, contribute to reinforce the ability of the community to deal with the drought and also contribute to manage local conflict. However, the social risk classification for the Project is substantial under the World Bank ESF because the social risks associated with, and impacts likely to be generated from, the project activities that are likely to induce some adverse social risks and impacts that are mostly temporary, predictable and/or reversible, but in a region with extreme poverty, social tensions, neglect, banditry. Furthermore, some risks and impacts may be significant such as physical and economic displacement impacts mainly from the planned infrastructure/ activities, including the pipeline of component 2. A summary of the risks that have been identified during the preparation of the Support For Resilient Livelihoods In The South Of Madagascar (P171056) are described in the A-ESRS P171056. In addition to the risks identified under the parent project A-ESRS, it is expected that the AF activities may have potential risks and impacts on community health and safety due to unintended consequences (e.g. consumption of locusts or food/water treated with pesticides, traffic and road safety and pesticide spillages) by Sep 25, 2021 Page 8 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) the desert locust control measures on the communities, as well as risks of spreading communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and COVID19. The AF activities may also use security services due to the insecurities in the south that may have adverse risks and impacts on community health and safety such as Sexual Abuse and Exploitation/Sexual Harassment (SEA/SH). Other risks are related to labor conditions (Working conditions and management of worker relationships, protecting the work force, grievance management, occupational Health and Safety (OHS)), and cultural heritage, mainly chance finds. There may also be a risk of exclusion and dissatisfaction of communities if the selection criteria of project areas and beneficiaries among the communities is not considered inclusive, transparent and/or fair. Selection criteria should be well and clearly defined in close collaboration with stakeholders and potential project beneficiaries to ensure that all groups, in particular those that are vulnerable or disadvantaged, are included. The risk rating has also considered the capacity and commitment of the Borrower and its implementing partners (FAO, UNICEF and UNDP) to identify and manage environmental and social risks and impacts (described in section D2) and the capacity of the N-PIU to oversee and coordinate the complex implementation structure in remote areas with existing tensions. Contextual risks occurring in the environment that could exacerbate potential ES risks and impacts and the overall performance of the Project such as the insecurity in the south of Madagascar due to sporadic occurrences of cattle robbers clashing with local communities and police and risks related to climate and natural disasters have also been considered in the risk rating. B. Environment and Social Standards (ESSs) that Apply to the Activities Being Considered B.1. General Assessment ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Public Disclosure Overview of the relevance of the Standard for the Project: Overall, the project is expected to contribute to positive environmental and social impacts such as improved community infrastructures, improving assets and livelihood, reduced adverse effects of climate change and the desertification process and improve the resilience of communities to climate change (e.g drought) and also contribute to manage local conflict and rebuild the adaptive capacity of ecosystems. The project is not expected to involve any activities that could generate significant and irreversible environmental and social impacts. However, the social and environmental risk classification for the Project is Substantial under the World Bank ESF because the ES risks associated with, and impacts likely to be generated from, the AF activities are likely to induce some adverse environmental and social risks and impacts that are mostly temporary, predictable and/or reversible, but in a region with extreme poverty, social tensions, neglect, banditry and vulnerable to climate and natural disasters. In addition to the risks identified under the parent project A-ESRS P171056, it is expected that the AF activities may have potential risks and impacts on community health and safety due to unintended consequences (e.g. consumption of locust or foods/water treated with pesticides, traffic and road safety and pesticide spillages) by the desert locust control measures on the communities, as well as possible spreading of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and COVID19. The AF activities may also use security services due to the insecurities in the south that may have adverse risks and impacts on community health and safety, such as SEA/SH. Other risks are related to labor conditions as the AF will require the mobilization of additional contracted workers (skilled and non-skilled) (Working conditions and management of worker relationships, protecting the work force, grievance management, occupational Health and Safety (OHS)), minor risk of labor influx due to activities under component 5A but possibly also 5C, however, the project intends to prioritize local recruitment where possible to manage this risk, and cultural heritage, mainly chance Sep 25, 2021 Page 9 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) finds. For the locust program, the irresponsible use of pesticides and fertilizers, storage/disposal and application of agrochemicals, could generate contamination and pollution of water and soil and have potential health impacts. There may also be a risk of exclusion and dissatisfaction of communities if the selection criteria of project areas and beneficiaries among the communities is not considered inclusive, transparent and/or fair. Selection criteria should be well and clearly defined in close collaboration with stakeholders and potential project beneficiaries to ensure that all groups, in particular those that are vulnerable or disadvantaged, are included. In line with ESF requirements for this AF to capture the new activities, the Borrower has updated (i) the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) which can be adjusted during the project life cycle in keeping with the evolution of environmental and social risks and impacts; (ii) the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) including Grievance Mechanism (GM); and will update (iii) the Labor Management Procedures (LMP); (iv) Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF); (v) the Integrated Pest Management Plan and (vi) the GBV Action Plan, to include AF activities 30 days from AF effectiveness. As per the parent project A-ESRS, all sub- components will be screened for ES risks and impacts following the procedures established in the ESMF and subsequent management plans (e.g. ESMPs) appropriate to the nature of activities and risk level will be developed prior to the commencement of the project activities. The AF Project will also prepare a Security Risk Assessment (SRA) and, if deemed relevant a subsequent Security Management Plan (SMP) or management measures as part of the site-specific ESMPs to ensure the security of the community benefitting from the project, and the security of the Client and its implementing partners, Contractors, Sub-Contractors and the Bank personnel while implementing and supervising the project. Public Disclosure ESS10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure The CDD approach for this project requires the involvement of various national and local stakeholders such as the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization, Ministry of Economy and Finances, Ministry in charge of Agriculture, Ministry in charge of Water resources, FAO, UNICEF, UNDP, CNLA (Centre National de Lutte Antiacridienne) local authorities such as the mayor, council, traditional leaders, community (including women, youth, and other vulnerable groups that may be identified in the stakeholder mapping exercise in the SEP), agribusiness and cooperatives, civil society, beneficiaries of the cash transfers and the farmers who will benefit directly from in-kind and technical support. Engaging women in decision-making processes related to the project such as investment priorities, services to be supported, security and GBV risks among other issues affecting them, will need to ensure that they can participate in a safe environment and create the conditions for women to voice their concerns freely, acknowledging that power dynamics in communities often discourage women from having a significant role in decision-making bodies. Initial consultations have been undertaken under the Parent Project SEP at both the central and regional level, these have been held in form of formal meetings, key informant interviews with stakeholders (civil society, farmers associations, local authorities, communities, women, youth, etc.). The consultations included information about project activities, potential ES risks and impacts, the GM, the interests, and perceptions of the participants of the Project, any foreseen ES challenges for the implementation of the project and participants recommendations and suggestions. Overall, there has been Broad Community Support with regards to the project activities. The project will continue to finetune its engagement activities and establish a structured approach to stakeholder engagement and public outreach that is based upon meaningful consultation and disclosure of appropriate information, considering Sep 25, 2021 Page 10 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) the specific challenges associated with the project activities and COVID 19 circumstances. The AF will therefore update the Parent Project SEP to include behavior change messages, protection of children and an updated stakeholder identification and analysis due to the increased regional focus. The GM will also be updated to ensure that grievances are processed and streamlined into the Project GM by Implementing Partners such as UNICEF, FAO and UNDP. B.2. Specific Risks and Impacts A brief description of the potential environmental and social risks and impacts relevant to the Project. ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions ESS2 is considered relevant to the activities of the AF project. In addition to the worker groups identified in the A- ESRS P171056, the AF will require the mobilization of additional contracted workers (facilitating partners such as FAO (5B), UNICEF (5A) and UNDP (5C)) however, the number is not yet well defined at this stage, community workers (number not yet well defined) and civil servants (staff from CNLA (5B locust program)) and other contractors to be determined, which will raise the importance for the respect of workers’ rights and also the need to ensure respectful workplaces. For project direct workers who are in the public sector (civil servants from CNLA, BNGRC (5D) and Ministries listed under section D2), they will remain subject to the terms and conditions of their existing sector employment. Additional staff, such as local consultants, will be hired by N-PIU to support the Project, they will also be subject to normal terms and conditions of PIU or CNLA, BNGRC and Ministry employees unless their employment is by the Project in which case they will be subject to the full requirements of ESS2. Relevant requirements of ESS2 (Working conditions and management of worker relationships, Protecting the work force, grievance mechanism, Public Disclosure occupational Health and Safety (OHS)) for contracted workers will apply to employees of Facilitating Partners (NGO, etc) and sub-contractors and will be included in the C-ESMPs. As this is a Community Driven Development project, community workers may be used during the implementation; in such instances ESS2 will apply. A Labor Management Plan (LMP) has been prepared for the Parent Project which includes COVID Awareness Prevention and treatment measures for workers. The LMP will be revised to include AF activities. The project will ensure the application of Occupational Health and Safety measures (e.g. inclusion in the site-specific ESMPs, contracts and monitoring systems) as outlined in the ESMF noted under ESS1, as well as FAO guidelines, including Guidelines for personal protection when handling and applying pesticide (2020). In line with ESS2, as well as the Malagasy law, the use of forced labor or conscripted labor in the project is not allowed. ESS3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management ESS3 is considered relevant to the activities of the AF project. In addition to the activities identified in the A-ESRS P171056. the AF mainly the locust program could generate potential adverse impacts related to contamination and pollution of water resources and soil, health impact and human toxicity risks with use, storage/disposal and application of any irresponsible use of pesticides. Application of insecticide should be made in accordance with good pest control practice to ensure efficacy and safe use. The Parent project has prepared an IPMP that has been disclosed on 5 February 2021. The Parent IPMP will be revised to include the AF activities before commencement of implementation of project activities to address the Sep 25, 2021 Page 11 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) procurement and use of large quantities of pesticides and biopesticides and equipment to support the locust program by this AF. To minimize and mitigate potential risks of this AF, the ESMF and IPMP will incorporate a Waste Management Plan that will include overall management and disposal of waste related to pesticides, empty pesticides containers generated. They could also include guidance related to (i) adequate design of pesticide storage, handling, and management facilities; (ii) management of stocks in an effective, efficient, and transparent way, (iii) improvement of the capacity of health centers in the treatment of pesticide poisoning incidents; (iv) disposal of unwanted or surplus insecticides; and, (v) an Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan for the pesticide application activities, in line with World Bank Group General EHS guidelines, WHO and FAO Guidelines for safety and environmental precautions [Guidelines on Developing a Reporting System for Health and Environmental Incidents Resulting from Exposure to Pesticides, 2009; Prevention of Accumulation and Disposal of Obsolete Stocks; 2009, 2011; and, the International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management]. ESS4 Community Health and Safety ESS4 is considered relevant to the AF project. The AF activities (Components 5A-C) are expected to have potential adverse impacts on community health and safety in particular; traffic and road safety risks to workers and the community resulting from the movement of vehicles mounted pesticide sprayers, transporting pesticides, etc., pesticide spillages that may affect the health of humans and the environment, potential consumption of locust or food/water treated with pesticides, spreading of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and COVID19, SEA/SH risks, inappropriate behavior of security services and potential risk of heightened social conflicts due to project interventions and competing interest for land. Public Disclosure The MoID will adopt the FAO guidelines on safety and environmental precautions on the transportation, storage, disposal of obsolete pesticides and disposal of empty pesticides drums/containers to ensure that local communities are not exposed to hazardous pesticides and waste materials. The IPMP will incorporate Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) for the pesticide application activities that will address potential emergency events such as spillage and contamination of sensitive community resources involving community members and appropriate communication to communities living under aerial spraying of pesticides. The EPRP will be made available to the members of communities and other authorities. The Project GBV Action Plan will be updated and implemented and shall specifically address potential risks deriving from the use of Service Providers and shall apply to all members involved in the Project. The AF project will promote the avoidance of SEA/SH by appraising and improving where necessary a code of conduct for all workers and volunteers as well as the provision of gender-sensitive infrastructure such as segregated toilets in ground stations. A project-level GRM as required by ESS10 has been developed for the parent project and will be equipped to respond to grievances the community may have on project-related issues, including those related to security and potential cases of SEA/SH. The Project will also provide training for the community to heighten awareness of risks associated with spraying and to mitigate impacts specified in the IPMP prior to the commencement of activities as well as COVID awareness, prevention, and treatment for community trainees. The AF project will ensure that all site-specific management plans will assess and manage potential community health and safety risks and will ensure that any public or private security personnel involved in the Project abide by clear rules of engagement and a code of conduct consistent with ESS4. ESS5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement Sep 25, 2021 Page 12 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) ESS5 is not considered currently relevant to the AF Project. However, as a precautionary measure the Project ESMF and Resettlement Framework (RF) includes screening measures to identify potential risks and impacts relevant under the standard. A Resettlement Plan (RP) will be required for any activities that may result in Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement. ESS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources ESS6 is considered relevant to the activities of the AF project. The spraying of insecticides on a wide area within the context of locust control and the manipulation of related chemicals is the main source of negative impact on biodiversity. For each sensitive area mainly the protected areas and rivers or Lakes, locust management options should be evaluated, based on the type of organisms at risk and the likely locust targets that may appear in the area. The procedures outlined in the updated ESMF in line with FAO Guidelines for Safety and environmental precautions, 2003 and waste management plan will describe how these impacts will be avoided, minimized or mitigated. The FAO guidelines in the treatment of ecologically and agronomically sensitive areas will be incorporated and improved to meet ESS3 requirement in the updated IPMP. ESS7 Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities ESS7 is not considered relevant to the AF, as there are no Indigenous Peoples identified in Madagascar. ESS8 Cultural Heritage Public Disclosure ESS8 is considered relevant to the activities of the AF Project. Activities under component 5A and C are likely to include localized clearing of vegetation, small scale excavation and borehole drilling that are unlikely to have an impact on tangible cultural heritage features located within the immediate project footprint and underground. During community engagement intangible cultural heritage will be identified and avoided. However, as the likelihood of cultural heritage features within the sub-project level is not yet known, the ESMF made provision for the identification and avoidance of any potential tangible and in-tangible cultural features, during screening, that may occur and includes a “Chance Find” procedures. The “Chance Find” procedure forms part of the sub-project specific ESMP and provide measure for avoidance and management of cultural features in the event of any discovery during project implementation consistent with ESS8. ESS9 Financial Intermediaries ESS9 is not considered relevant to the AF project as the AF will not involve any Financial Intermediaries. C. Legal Operational Policies that Apply OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways No OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas No Sep 25, 2021 Page 13 of 14 The World Bank Support for Resilient Livelihoods in the South of Madagascar AF (P177606) B.3. Reliance on Borrower’s policy, legal and institutional framework, relevant to the Project risks and impacts Is this project being prepared for use of Borrower Framework? No Areas where “Use of Borrower Framework” is being considered: The project does not propose to apply the Borrower’s E&S Framework in whole or in part. IV. CONTACT POINTS World Bank Contact: Joanna Peace De Berry Title: Senior Social Development Specialist Telephone No: 44-794-4399027 Email: jdeberry@worldbank.org Contact: Stephen Paul D'Alessandro Title: Senior Agriculture Specialist Telephone No: 473-2782 Email: sdalessandro@worldbank.org Borrower/Client/Recipient Borrower: The Republic of Madagascar Public Disclosure Implementing Agency(ies) Implementing Agency: Ministry of Interior and Decentralization V. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects VI. APPROVAL Task Team Leader(s): Joanna Peace De Berry, Stephen Paul D'Alessandro Practice Manager (ENR/Social) Africa Eshogba Olojoba Cleared on 24-Sep-2021 at 15:16:29 GMT-04:00 Sep 25, 2021 Page 14 of 14