SFG1259 REV World Bank Loan Project China: Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project (Qingshuitang Area) Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIA) Constructed by: Zhuzhou Recycling Economy Investment and Development Co., Ltd (ZREIDC) Assessed by: Nanjing Guohuan Environmental Technology and Development Co., Ltd September, 2015 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table of Contents PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 ASSESSMENT FACTORS .................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 FOCUS OF ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 ASSESSMENT OF WORK LEVELS........................................................................................................................ 10 1.5 MAIN TARGETS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND POLLUTION CONTROL ........................................................... 13 1.6 EVALUATION SCOPE AND EVALUATION PERIOD .................................................................................................... 26 1.7 EVALUATION STANDARD................................................................................................................................. 31 1.8 FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 40 1.9 TECHNICAL METHODS OF EVALUATION .............................................................................................................. 40 2 POLICY, REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK .................................................................... 42 2.1 DOMESTIC L AWS AND REGULATIONS ............................................................................................................... 42 2.2 SAFEGUARDS POLICIES OF WORLD BANK .......................................................................................................... 48 2.3 COMPLIANCE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................. 48 3 SITE INVESTIGATION ............................................................................................................................. 55 3.1 L AND USE TYPES OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................................................................................................. 55 3.2 CURRENT L AND USE IN THE PROJECT AREA ....................................................................................................... 59 3.3 SITE CONTAMINATION INVESTIGATION .............................................................................................................. 79 3.4 COMPLETED OR ONGOING POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECTS IN THE PROJECT AREA .................................................... 115 4 RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................... 122 4.1 OVERVIEW OF RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................... 122 4.2 RISK IDENTIFICATION................................................................................................................................... 127 4.3 RELEVANT PLANNINGS, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES ........................................................................................ 129 4.4 CONTENTS OF RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................... 130 4.5 RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS ........................................................................................................................ 130 4.6 RISK ASSESSMENT OF AS AND CD IN SOIL TO HUMAN HEALTH .............................................................................. 133 4.7 RISK ASSESSMENT OF PB IN SOIL TO HUMAN HEALTH ......................................................................................... 140 4.8 RISK CONTROL VALUES AND REMEDIAL GOALS .................................................................................................. 144 4.9 RE-ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION OF RISK ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................ 146 5 PROJECT PROFILE ................................................................................................................................ 155 5.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................... 155 5.2 CONSTRUCTION CONTENT AND SCALE ............................................................................................................ 155 6 REMEDIATION PROGRAM ................................................................................................................... 163 6.1 SOIL SURFACE CLEANUP ............................................................................................................................... 163 6.2 TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR SOIL IN CONTAMINATED SITE.................................................................................... 172 2 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 6.3 TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR WASTE RESIDUE .................................................................................................... 184 6.4 TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT .................................................................. 185 6.5 REMEDIATION PROGRAM FOR UNCOVERED SOIL IN NON-REMEDIATION AREA .......................................................... 189 6.6 TREATMENT WORKS FOR SOIL REMEDIATION .................................................................................................... 190 6.7 TEMPORARY ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION ROUTES .......................................................................................... 196 6.8 EARTHWORK ............................................................................................................................................. 199 6.9 SITE RESTORATION AFTER REMEDIATION .......................................................................................................... 202 6.10 DISPOSAL WORK OF SOLID WASTE LANDFILL ................................................................................................ 205 6.11 CONSTRUCTION WORKS OF QINGSHUI L AKE ............................................................................................... 224 6.12 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEMONSTRATION CENTER...................................................... 225 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTOR ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 229 7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS DURING CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................... 229 7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS DURING OPERATION ..................................................................................... 241 7.3 SITE RESTORATION AFTER CONTAMINATION REMEDIATION AND CLOSURE OF THE LANDFILL ........................................ 250 8 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................................... 253 8.1 ZERO SOLUTION ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................ 253 8.2 COMPARATIVE SELECTION OF SITE LOCATION ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................. 255 8.3 COMPARATIVE SELECTION OF REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ................................................................................ 264 9 ENVIRONMENT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 292 9.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 292 9.2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................................ 310 9.3 OVERVIEW OF QINGSHUITANG INDUSTRIAL ZONE ............................................................................................. 312 9.4 REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INVESTIGATION ........................................................................................ 315 9.5 CONSERVATION AREA AND CULTURAL RELICS .................................................................................................... 384 10 INVESTIGATION OF THE EXISTING INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION SOURCES AND CONTAMINANT EMISSION 388 10.1 INFORMATION OF MAJOR ENTERPRISES IN THE PROJECT AREA ......................................................................... 388 10.2 INFORMATION ON CONTAMINATION EMISSION OF ENTERPRISES IN THE PROJECT AREA ......................................... 394 10.3 INFORMATION ON KEY ENTERPRISES REACHING THE STANDARD ....................................................................... 402 10.4 CONTROL MEASURES FOR EMISSION OF ENTERPRISES IN THE PROJECT AREA ....................................................... 409 11 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL & ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT ............................................... 414 11.1 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ................................................................................................ 414 11.2 SOCIAL & ECONOMIC BENEFITS ............................................................................................................... 415 12 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................. 421 12.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD.................................... 421 12.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PERIOD ............................................. 462 12.3 MEASURES DURING CLOSING PERIOD OF L ANDFILL ...................................................................................... 494 12.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON REMEDIATION AREA IN PROJECT AREA BY ENTERPRISE IN PRODUCTION .................... 495 12.5 WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ............................................................................................. 497 12.6 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS & PREVENTIVE MEASURES .................................................................... 514 12.7 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT................................................................... 524 3 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 12.8 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INVESTMENT ESTIMATION ............................................................................. 526 13 ANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ....................................................................... 529 13.1 INTRODUCTION OF CUMULATIVE IMPACT ................................................................................................... 529 13.2 SCOPE DEFINITION & SOURCE IDENTIFICATION OF CUMULATIVE IMPACT .......................................................... 529 13.3 REVIEW & STATUS ANALYSIS OF PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................... 530 13.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN CORE AREA OF QINGSHUITANG ECOTYPE NEW CITY (2015-2020) ...........................537 13.5 FORECAST OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY PROSPECTIVE PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT OF QINGSHUITANG INDUSTRIAL ZONE (2021-2030) ............................................................................................................................................ 542 13.6 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS REGARDING INDUCTIVE & CUMULATIVE IMPACT AND MEASURES THEREOF........................ 549 13.7 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................ 569 14 INFORMATION PUBLICITY & PUBLIC CONSULTATION .......................................................................... 570 14.1 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE ....................................................................................................................570 14.2 FIRST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ................................................................................................................... 573 14.3 SECOND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION................................................................................................................ 590 15 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ........................................................................ 611 15.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................. 611 15.2 PROPOSAL ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................... 611 15.3 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................... 612 15.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................. 612 15.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING REMEDIATION IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................... 615 15.6 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION................................................................................................................ 616 15.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MONITORING OF REMEDIATION WORKS ................................................................... 623 15.8 REMEDIATION ACCEPTANCE..................................................................................................................... 634 15.9 POST-MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................. 640 15.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE LANDFILL ........................................................................ 642 15.11 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & SAFETY PROTECTION TRAINING ................................................................... 645 15.12 POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES AND PERSONAL SAFETY PROTECTION MEASURES DURING REMEDIATION ............. 655 15.13 ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY SAFETY PLAN .............................................................................................. 657 15.14 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ......................................................................... 668 16 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 675 16.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 675 16.2 SITE INVESTIGATION FINDINGS.................................................................................................................. 677 16.3 RISK ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION................................................................................................................ 682 16.4 FEASIBILITY OF POLICIES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT ............................................................................. 683 16.5 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE PROJECT AREA ......................................................................................... 683 16.6 ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS .................................................................................... 685 16.7 MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS ..................................................................................... 686 16.8 ESTABLISH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING SYSTEM OF THE PROJECT ..................................... 697 16.9 PUBLIC ATTITUDE TOWARD THE PROJECT .................................................................................................... 698 16.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES REQUIRING SPECIAL ATTENTION............................................................................... 700 16.11 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................ 700 4 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA List of Tables TABLE 1.2-1 ASSESSMENT FACTORS ................................................................................................................................ 9 TABLE 1.4-1CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECT ....................................................................................................................... 11 TABLE 1.4-2 AIR ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT LEVEL ............................................................................................. 12 TABLE 1.4-3 ESTIMATED PMAX OF EACH FACTOR ............................................................................................................... 12 TABLE 1.4-4ASSESSMENT LEVEL OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ............................................................................. 13 TABLE 1.5-1TARGETS OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN THE SURROUNDING AREAS OF THE PROJECT....................... 14 TABLE 1.5-2TARGETS OF SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN THE SURROUNDING AREAS OF THE PROJECT ................. 15 TABLE 1.5-3TARGETS OF GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ................................................................................ 17 TABLE 1.5-4SENSITIVE TARGETS OF AIR AND ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION .............................................................. 19 TABLE 1.5-5 PROTECTIVE TARGETS SENSITIVE OF ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT WITHIN 500M OF EACH STATION.... 21 TABLE 1.7-1REMEDIATION TARGET VALUES OF HEAVY MENTAL IN SOIL ................................................................................ 32 TABLE 1.7-2THE ACCEPTANCE STANDARD OF LEACHING CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY MENTAL CONTAMINATION IN SOIL ................. 32 TABLE 1.7-3REMEDIATION TARGET VALUE OF OTHER CONTAMINATIONS IN LAND OF TIANCHENG CHEMICAL FACTORY ................. 33 TABLE 1.7-4CLASS-V STANDARD OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SURFACE WATER (GB3838-2002) ................ 33 TABLE 1.7-5 LIST OF STANDARD VALUES OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER ..................................................... 34 TABLE 1.7-6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD ............................................................................................................... 35 TABLE 1.7-7 QUALITY STANDARD OF ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................... 35 TABLE 1.7-8 QUALITY STANDARD OF UNDERGROUND WATER (MG/L) ................................................................................. 36 TABLE 1.7-9 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARD OF SOIL (UNIT：MG/KG) ...................................................................... 36 TABLE 1.7-10WATER QUALITY STANDARDS OF REUSE OF RECYCLING WATER FOR URBAN, WATER QUALITY STANDARD FOR URBAN MISCELLANEOUS WATER CONSUMPTION.............................................................................................................. 37 TABLE 1.7-11 DISCHARGE STANDARD OF SEWAGE ........................................................................................................... 37 TABLE 1.7-12 INTEGRATED EMISSION STANDARD OF AIR CONTAMINATION ......................................................................... 38 TABLE 1.7-13STANDARD VALUE OF ODOR POLLUTANTS AT FACTORY BOUNDARY .............................................. 38 TABLE 1.7-14EMISSION STANDARD FOR COMMUNITY NOISE (DB(A)) ................................................................................. 38 TABLE 1.8-1LIST OF FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT ............................................. 40 TABLE 2.3-1COMPLIANCE ANALYSIS OF THIS PROJECT TO THE SAFEGUARD POLICIES OF THE WORLD BANK ................................. 49 TABLE 2.3-2COMPLIANCE ANALYSIS OF THIS PROJECT TO GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE WORLD BANK ..................................................................................................................................................................... 51 TABLE 2.3-3COMPLIANCE OF THIS PROJECT TO NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS ............................................................... 52 TABLE 3.1-1PROPORTION OF EACH LAND USE TYPE IN THE PROJECT AREA ............................................................................ 55 TABLE 3.3-1 SOIL SAMPLING POINTS AND NUMBER OF SAMPLES IN 7 SUB-REGIONS .............................................................. 79 TABLE 3.3-2BASIC INFORMATION OF PONDS AND CHANNELS ............................................................................................. 87 TABLE 3.3-3BASIC INFORMATION OF WASTE PILES ........................................................................................................... 91 TABLE 3.3-4MAIN PRODUCTS AND ANNUAL OUTPUT OF TIANCHENG CHEMICALS ................................................................. 98 TABLE 3.3-5LIST OF SAMPLING POINTS AND NUMBER OF SAMPLES IN CLOSED COMPANIES .................................................... 102 TABLE 4.1-1RISK ASSESSMENT IN 7 SUB-REGIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA ........................................................................... 122 TABLE 4.6-1 TOXIC EFFECTS OF MAJOR POLLUTANTS ..................................................................................................... 135 TABLE 4.6-2 CARCINOGENIC AND NON-CARCINOGENIC TOXICITY PARAMETERS OF MAJOR POLLUTANTS ................................... 137 TABLE 4.6-3CLASSIFICATION OF RISK LEVEL .................................................................................................................. 138 TABLE 4.7-1REFERENCE VALUE FOR CALCULATING THE RISK CONTROL VALUE OF PB IN SOIL BASED ON BLOOD LEAD LEVELS ......... 144 TABLE 4.8-1RISK CONTROL VALUES OF AS, CD AND PB IN SOIL AND REMEDIAL GOALS.......................................................... 145 TABLE 4.8-2COMPARISION BETWEEN REMEDIAL GOALS OF AS, CD, PB AND OTHER SCREENING LEVELS UNIT: MG/KG .............. 145 TABLE 4.8-3 RECOMMENDED SOIL REMEDIAL GOALS FOR THIS PROJECT............................................................................. 146 5 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA TABLE 4.9-1COMPARISON BETWEEN REMEDIATION AREA DETERMINED BY RISK ASSESSMENT AND THAT DETERMINED BY FEASIBILITY STUDY .......................................................................................................................................................... 149 2 TABLE 4.9-2STATISTICS OF RISK CONTROLLABLE AREA IN THE PROJECT AREA (UNIT: M ) ....................................................... 153 2 TABLE 4.9-3 STATISTICS OF RISK ACCEPTABLE AREA IN THE PROJECT AREA (UNIT: M )........................................................... 153 TABLE 5.2-1MAIN CONTENTS OF THE REMEDIATION PROJECT .......................................................................................... 157 2 TABLE 5.2-2 REMEDIATION AREA UNIT: M .................................................................................................................. 161 3 TABLE 5.2-3 REMEDIATION SCALE IN REMEDIATION AREA UNIT: M ................................................................................ 161 TABLE 5.2-4REMEDIATION QUANTITIES OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOIL USING DIFFERENT REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES ..... 162 TABLE 6.1-1ESTIMATION OF SITE CLEANUP QUANTITY .................................................................................................... 165 TABLE 6.2-1ESTIMATION OF QUANTITIES OF SOIL REMEDIATION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS ........................................................174 TABLE 6.2-2CLASSIFICATION AND EXPLANATION OF SINGLE CONTAMINATION INDEX ............................................................ 175 TABLE 6.2-3 QUANTITIES OF EX-SITU REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL...................................................................... 178 TABLE 6.2-4DOSAGE OF STABILIZING AGENT/CURING AGENT ........................................................................................... 179 TABLE 6.2-5 QUANTITIES OF IN-SITU REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL ...................................................................... 180 TABLE 6.2-6ADDITION RATIO AND DOSAGE OF STABILIZING AGENT ................................................................................... 181 TABLE 6.2-7REMEDIATION AND VOLUME OF SOILS IN CLOSED ENTERPRISES ...................................................... 183 TABLE 6.3-1STATISTICS OF REMEDIATION SCALE OF WASTE RESIDUES ................................................................................ 184 TABLE 6.3-2 ADDITION RATIO OF STABILIZING AGENT/SOLIDIFYING AGENT ......................................................................... 185 TABLE 6.3-3 DOSAGE OF STABILIZING AGENT/SOLIDIFYING AGENT .................................................................................... 185 TABLE 6.4-1QUANTITY OF POND REMEDIATION ............................................................................................................ 186 TABLE 6.4-2 LIST OF MAIN EQUIPMENT MATERIALS FOR COFFERDAM DIVERSION................................................................. 188 TABLE 6.4-3ADDITION RATIO OF STABILIZING AGENT/SOLIDIFYING AGENT ......................................................................... 189 TABLE 6.4-4DOSAGE OF STABILIZING AGENT/SOLIDIFYING AGENT..................................................................................... 189 TABLE 6.5-1STATISTICS OF QUANTITIES OF REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED UNCOVERED SOIL IN NON-REMEDIATION AREA....... 189 TABLE 6.6-1LIST OF EXISTING EQUIPMENT IN XINQIAO TREATMENT SITE ............................................................................ 191 TABLE 6.6-2LIST FOR MAIN EQUIPMENT FOR SITE REMEDIATION ...................................................................................... 196 TABLE 6.7-1 LIST OF CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSPORTATION ROADS ................................................................................... 197 TABLE 6.8-1VOLUME OF FILLING EARTHWORK REQUIRED FOR SUBGRADE OF THE ROAD IN SUBREGION ................................. 202 TABLE 6.10-1LIST OF SCALES OF INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTES TO BE LANDFILLED ................................................................... 208 TABLE 6.10-2 PREDICTED ANNUAL UTILIZATION QUANTITY OF THE LANDFILL AREA .............................................................. 208 TABLE 6.10-3 LIST OF MAIN EQUIPMENT MATERIALS ..................................................................................................... 210 TABLE 6.10-4QUALITY OF PONDING WATER IN THE STONE PIT OF HEHUA CEMENT PLANT .................................................... 211 TABLE 6.10-5LIST OF MAIN QUANTITIES ...................................................................................................................... 211 TABLE 6.10-6LIST OF MAIN MATERIALS ....................................................................................................................... 215 TABLE 6.10-7LIST OF MAIN EQUIPMENT FOR RAINWATER COLLECTING AND DRAINAGE......................................................... 216 TABLE 6.10-8LIST OF MAIN EQUIPMENT FOR LEACHING COLLECTING ................................................................................. 217 TABLE 6.10-9LIST OF ELECTRIC LOAD CALCULATION ....................................................................................................... 221 TABLE 6.10-10 SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS OF THE LANDFILL ..................................................................... 223 TABLE 6.10-11LIST OF EQUIPMENT IN THE LANDFILL (DURING OPERATION) ....................................................................... 224 TABLE 7.1-1SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION .................................................................. 234 TABLE 7.1-2 NOISE SOURCE INTENSITY OF COMMON CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY .............................................................. 235 TABLE 7.1-3 CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANTS IN POND WATER (MG/L) ...................................................................... 240 TABLE 7.2-1AMOUNT OF FLOWING DUST DURING LOADING AND UNLOADING WITH DIFFERENT WATER CONTENTS .................... 249 TABLE 7.2-2 SOURCE INTENSITY OF DISORDERED WASTE GAS........................................................................................... 249 TABLE 7.2-3NOISE SOURCE INTENSITY......................................................................................................................... 250 TABLE 8.1-1LIST OF “WITH PROJECT” AND “WITHOUT PROJECT” ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 254 6 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA TABLE 8.2-1 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE SITE LOCATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEMONSTRATION CENTER .......................... 256 TABLE 8.2-2 COMPARISON OF SITE LOCATION ALTERNATIVES OF THE LANDFILL .................................................................... 261 TABLE 8.2-3ANALYSIS OF CONFORMITY OF LANDFILL SITE LOCATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS ............. 262 TABLE 8.3-1 LIST OF CONSIDERATION INDICATORS OF REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ............................................................ 265 TABLE 8.3-2ASSESSMENT ON REMEDIATION TIME, RESOURCE DEMAND, ETC. ..................................................................... 266 TABLE 8.3-3LIST OF CONTAMINATION REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ................................................................................. 266 TABLE 8.3-4 COMPARISON OF HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ................................................273 TABLE 8.3-5REQUIREMENTS ON REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF LAND ................................................274 TABLE 8.3-6REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIFFERENT KINDS OF LAND .........................................................................274 TABLE 8.3-7COMPARISON OF ORGANIC CONTAMINATION REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES .......................................................278 TABLE 8.3-8CONSUMPTION OF RAW AND AUXLIARY MATERIALS (2011 NORMAL PRODUCTION YEAR) .................................... 279 TABLE 8.3-9MONITORING ON EMISSION OF GAS CONTAMINANTS OF SINOMA CEMENT FOR RECENT TWO YEARS ...................... 283 TABLE 8.3-10 MONITORING ON EMISSION OF WASTEWATER CONTAMINANTS OF SINOMA CEMENT FOR RECENT THREE YEARS .... 284 TABLE 8.3-11TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTES OF SINOMA CEMENT ................................................................................... 284 TABLE 8.3-12 ANALYSIS ON CONFORMITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR CO-PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTES IN CEMENT KILNS (HJ 662-2013) ............................................................................................... 286 TABLE 8.3-13 COMPARISON OF TREATMENT PROGRAMS FOR PONDING WATER .................................................................. 289 TABLE 9.2-1BASIC INFORMATION OF TONGTANGWAN OFFICE ..................................................................................... 311 TABLE 9.2-2BASIC INFORMATION OF POPULATION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS WITHIN THE PROJECT SCOPE ................................... 311 TABLE 9.4-1MONITORING ITEMS AND ANALYSIS METHODS FOR GROUNDWATER QUALITY..................................................... 322 TABLE 9.4-2GROUNDWATER MONITORING RESULTS....................................................................................................... 325 TABLE 9.4-3 CALCULATION RESULTS OF STANDARD INDICATORS OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS .......................................... 327 TABLE 9.4-4 2009 – 2014 GROUNDWATER MONITORING STATISTICS OF XIAWAN WELL ...................................................... 329 TABLE 9.4-5CONTENTS OF CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER SAMPLES IN YINGFENG REGION AND QINGSHUI LAKE ZONES (MG/L) ................................................................................................................................................................... 331 TABLE 9.4-6COMPARISON BETWEEN CONTENTS OF METAL COMPONENTS (ΜG/L ) IN SHALLOW GROUNDWATER OF QINGSHI DISTRICT, TONGTANGWAN DISTRICT AND XIANGSHILING DISTRICT AND THE MCL ................................................................... 337 TABLE 9.4-7COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CONCENTRATION OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS (ΜG/L) IN THE SHALLOW GROUNDWATER IN QINGSHI REGION, TONGTANGWAN REGION AND XIANGSHILING REGION AND THE MCL BASED ON WATER ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION .......................................................................................................................... 339 TABLE 9.4-8COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CONCENTRATION OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS (ΜG/L) IN THE SHALLOW GROUNDWATER IN QINGSHI REGION, TONGTANGWAN REGION AND XIANGSHILING REGION AND THE MCL BASED ON WATER ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION .......................................................................................................................... 340 TABLE 9.4-9COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CONCENTRATION OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS (ΜG/L) IN THE SHALLOW GROUNDWATER IN QINGSHI REGION, TONGTANGWAN REGION AND XIANGSHILING REGION AND THE MCL BASED ON HUMAN HEALTH PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................................... 341 TABLE 9.4-10 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CONCENTRATION OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS (ΜG/L) IN THE SHALLOW GROUNDWATER IN QINGSHI REGION, TONGTANGWAN REGION AND XIANGSHILING REGION AND THE MCL BASED ON HUMAN HEALTH PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................................... 342 TABLE 9.4-11COMPARISON BETWEEN THE DETECTION INDICES (ΜG/L) OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER IN QINGSHI REGION, TONGTANGWAN REGION AND XIANGSHILING REGION AND CLASS-II I STANDARD OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY................ 346 TABLE 9.4-12MONITORING SECTIONS OF CURRENT SITUATION OF WATER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ..................................... 351 TABLE 9.4-13MONITORING RESULTS OF CURRENT SITUATION OF SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (UNIT: MG/L)....... 353 TABLE 9.4-14MONITORING RESULTS OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE OF THE THIRD WATER PLANT IN 2014 .............................. 360 TABLE 9.4-15 MONITORING RESULTS OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE OF THE THIRD WATER PLANT IN 2013 ............................. 364 TABLE 9.4-16MONITORING RESULTS OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE OF THE THIRD WATER PLANT IN 2012 .............................. 366 7 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA TABLE 9.4-17MONITORING RESULTS OF WATER QUALITY OF XIAWAN (CONTROL SECTION) BETWEEN 2010 AND 2013 ............. 369 TABLE 9.4-18MONITORING RESULTS OF MAJIA RIVER BETWEEN 2012 AND 2013 ..............................................................372 TABLE 9.4-19MONITORING POINTS AND ITEMS FOR AIR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY .............................................................373 TABLE 9.4-20MONITORING OF CURRENT ATMOSPHERE SITUATION ....................................................................................373 TABLE 9.4-21MONITORING OF CURRENT ATMOSPHERE SITUATION ....................................................................................378 TABLE 9.4-22 2011-2014 MONITORING ANNUAL REPORTS OF ROUTINE MONITORING POINTS IN ZHUZHOU CITY ................... 379 TABLE 9.4-23NOISE MONITORING POINTS ................................................................................................................... 381 TABLE 9.4-24MONITORING STATISTICS OF CURRENT SITUATION OF SOUND ENVIRONMENT ................................................... 382 TABLE 9.4-25 2010-2011 SEDIMENT MONITORING OF XIAWAN SECTION ........................................................................ 384 TABLE 9.5-1LIST OF TANGIBLE CULTURAL RESOURCES IN THE PROJECT AREA ........................................................................ 385 TABLE 10.1-1 SITUATION OF MAJOR IN-PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES IN THE PROJECT AREA..................................................... 389 TABLE 10.1-2 INFORMATION OF MAJOR ENTERPRISES IN THE ASSESSMENT AREA BUT OUTSIDE OF THE PROJECT AREA ................ 393 TABLE 10.2-1 SUMMARY OF EMISSION OF WATER CONTAMINANTS IN 2013 ...................................................................... 395 TABLE 10.2-2MAJOR ENTERPRISES WITH WASTEWATER DISCHARGE IN THE PROJECT AREA .................................................... 395 TABLE 10.2-3 LIST OF MAJOR ENTERPRISES WITH EMISSION OF COD ............................................................................... 396 TABLE 10.2-4LIST OF MAJOR ENTERPRISES WITH EMISSION OF NH3-N ............................................................................. 397 TABLE 10.2-5EMISSION OF HEAVY METAL .................................................................................................................... 397 TABLE 10.2-6 EMISSION OF CYANIDE .......................................................................................................................... 397 TABLE 10.2-7 ENTERPRISES WITH EMISSION OF WASTE GAS IN 2013 ............................................................................... 398 TABLE 10.2-8FOR ENTERPRISES WITH HIGH EMISSION OF SO2. ......................................................................................... 398 TABLE 10.2-9 LIST OF ENTERPRISES WITH HIGH EMISSION OF FUME DUST ......................................................................... 399 TABLE 10.2-10 LIST OF ENTERPRISES WITH HIGH EMISSION OF INDUSTRIAL DUST ............................................................... 399 TABLE 10.2-11 LIST OF ENTERPRISES WITH HIGH EMISSION OF NITRIC OXIDE ...................................................................... 399 TABLE 10.2-12 LIST OF ENTERPRISES WITH HIGH EMISSION OF FLUORIDE .......................................................................... 400 TABLE 10.2-13 INFORMATION ON GENERAL SOLID WASTES UNIT:T .................................................................................. 401 TABLE 10.2-14 INFORMATION ON HAZARDOUS WASTES UNIT:T ...................................................................................... 402 TABLE 10.3-1 STATISTICS OF MONITORING ON WASTE GAS EMISSION OF KEY ENTERPRISES BETWEEN 2012 AND 2014 .............. 404 TABLE 10.3-2 STATISTICS OF OVER-STANDARD EMISSION FACTORS ................................................................................... 408 TABLE 10.4-1 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE OF RELOCATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF IN-PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES.............. 412 TABLE 12.1-1 VOLUME OF FUGITIVE DUST PRODUCED BY VEHICLE RUNNING ON THE ROAD OF DIFFERENT CLEANLINESS AT VARIABLE SPEEDS UNIT: KG/KM· VEHICLE ...................................................................................................... 422 TABLE 12.1-2 ODOR INTENSITY WITH MUDAN RIVER NANPAOZI DREDGING PROJECT (DRY DREDGING IN SUMMER) ............... 423 TABLE 12.1-3 MAJOR DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR PRE-SEDIMENTATION TANKS ................................................................... 427 TABLE 12.1-4 NOISE LEVEL OF MAIN CONSTRUCTION MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS ............................................................. 432 TABLE 12.1-5 NOISE ATTENUATION DISTANCE FOR CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY, UNIT: M ................................................... 433 TABLE 12.1-6 FACTORS HAVING IMPACT ON VEGETATION DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD.................................................. 437 TABLE 12.1-7 ANALYSIS ON THE FACTORS HAVING IMPACT ON SOIL EROSION DUE TO PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ....................... 438 TABLE 12.1-8 POLLUTION CONTROL OF CLOSED FACILITIES ............................................................................................ 443 TABLE 12.1-9 AFFECTED FRAGILE FAMILIES ................................................................................................................. 446 TABLE 12.1-10 COMPENSATION STANDARD FOR GROUND PRODUCTION FACILITIES ON REQUISITION LAND ........................... 447 TABLE 12.1-11 STANDARD FOR HOUSE PROCUREMENT SUBSIDY ..................................................................................... 448 TABLE 12.1-12 LUMP-SUM COMPENSATION STANDARD FOR BUILDING DECORATION & LIVING ESTABLISHMENT ..................... 448 TABLE 12.1-13 COMPENSATION STANDARD OF MOVING SUBSIDY & TRANSITION SUBSIDY FOR DEMOLISHED HOUSES............. 448 TABLE 12.1-14 STATUS OF CONSTRUCTION OF RESETTLEMENT HOUSES IN QINGSHUITANG AREA .......................................... 454 TABLE 12.1-15 SCHEDULING OF ACTIVITIES FOR RESETTLEMENT OF AFFECTED RESIDENTS ................................................... 460 TABLE 12.2-1 STATISTICS OF VARIOUS METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS OF ZHUZHOU CITY BY YEARS & MONTHS DURING 1971-2000 8 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA ................................................................................................................................................................... 463 TABLE 12.2-2 STATISTICAL FREQUENCY OF WIND DIRECTION IN ZHUZHOU CITY DURING 2004-2008 YEARS .......................... 466 TABLE 12.2-3 FORECAST OF AIR CONTAMINATION SOURCE INTENSITY.............................................................................. 466 3 TABLE 12.2-4 FORECAST RESULTS (CONCENTRATION UNIT: UG/M , PERCENTAGE, %) ........................................................ 468 3 TABLE 12.2-5 FORECAST RESULTS (CONCENTRATION UNIT: UG/M , PERCENTAGE, %)......................................................... 469 TABLE 12.2-6 CALCULATIONS OF AIR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DISTANCE OF THE PROJECT .......................................... 471 TABLE 12.2-7 CALCULATION COEFFICIENT OF HEALTH PROTECTION DISTANCE.................................................................... 473 TABLE 12.2-8 CALCULATIONS OF HEALTH PROTECTION DISTANCE ................................................................................... 473 TABLE 12.2-9 NOISE SOURCE INTENSITY DURING OPERATION PERIOD .............................................................................. 477 TABLE 12.2-10 FORECAST RESULTS OF BOUNDARY NOISE AT DAYTIME, UNIT: DB (A) ......................................................... 480 TABLE 12.2-11 FORECAST RESULTS OF BOUNDARY NOISE AT NIGHTTIME, UNIT: DB (A) ..................................................... 480 TABLE 12.2-12 QUALITY OF INFLUENT & EFFLUENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (UNIT: MG/L, PH IS DIMENSIONLESS) 483 TABLE 12.5-1 STATISTICS OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR XIANGSHILING SUB-REGION ........................... 498 TABLE 12.5-2 STATISTICS OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR QINGSHI SUB-REGION................................... 500 TABLE 12.5-3 STATISTICS OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR TONGTANGWAN SUB-REGION ........................ 502 TABLE 12.5-4 STATISTICS OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR TONGXIA SUB-REGION .................................. 505 TABLE 12.5-5 STATISTICS OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR QINGSHUI SUB-REGION................................. 507 TABLE 12.5-6 STATISTICS OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR YINGFENG SUB-REGION ................................ 509 TABLE 12.5-7 STATISTICS OF WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR QINGSHUI LAKE SUB-REGION ......................... 511 TABLE 12.5-8 COLLECTED WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ........................................................................... 513 TABLE 12.8-1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INVESTMENT ESTIMATION............................................................................527 TABLE 13.4-1 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL STANDARD ................................................................................................. 539 TABLE 13.4-2 FORECAST OF PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTES ......................................................................... 541 TABLE 13.5-1 FORECAST OF PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTES ........................................................................ 548 TABLE 13.6-1 SCHEDULE OF CALCULATION RESULTS OF AIR ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY ...................................................... 553 TABLE 14.1-1 COLLECTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT INFORMATION PUBLICITY OF “WORLD BANK FINANCED HUNAN ZHUZHOU QINGSHUITANG AREA HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT” ..................................................................................................................................................... 571 TABLE 14.2-1 WORLD BANK FINANCED HUNAN ZHUZHOU QINGSHUITANG AREA HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ............................................................................................................574 TABLE 14.2-2 BASIC COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION OBJECTS ........................................................................... 575 TABLE 14.2-3 STATISTIC FINDINGS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...........................................................................................576 TABLE 14.2-4 WORLD BANK FINANCED HUNAN ZHUZHOU QINGSHUITANG AREA HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ........................................................................................................... 582 TABLE 14.2-5 STATISTIC FINDINGS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION BY GROUPS ......................................................................... 583 TABLE 14.2-6 COLLECTIONS OF PUBLIC OPINIONS & REPLY AT SYMPOSIUM ...................................................................... 586 TABLE 14.3-1 WORLD BANK FINANCED HUNAN ZHUZHOU QINGSHUITANG AREA HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ........................................................................................................... 591 TABLE 14.3-2 BASIC COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION OBJECTS ........................................................................... 596 TABLE 14.3-3 STATISTIC FINDINGS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .......................................................................................... 597 TABLE 14.3-4 WORLD BANK FINANCED HUNAN ZHUZHOU QINGSHUITANG AREA HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ........................................................................................................... 601 TABLE 14.3-5 STATISTIC FINDINGS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION BY GROUPS ......................................................................... 603 TABLE 15.4-1 SCHEDULE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION & MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................... 613 TABLE 15.7-1 SOIL EROSION MONITORING SCHEDULE ................................................................................................... 624 TABLE 15.7-2 IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SCHEDULE DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD, OPERATION PERIOD, 9 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA REMEDIATION ACCEPTANCE PERIOD, SUBSEQUENT PERIOD & CLOSING PERIOD ........................................................ 626 TABLE 15.8-1 DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL SAMPLING POINTS-BOTTOM SAMPLING NUMBER ..................................................... 638 TABLE 15.8-2 DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL SAMPLING POINTS-SIDE WALL SAMPLING NUMBER................................................... 638 TABLE 15.11-1 COST ESTIMATES FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE & TRAINING ACTIVITY (SOFT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRUCTION) . 650 TABLE 15.13-1 EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS ........................................................................................................ 662 TABLE 15.13-2 ACTION PLAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES..................................................................... 663 10 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA List of Figures FIGURE1.5-1 LOCATION OF SENSITIVE TARGETS OF AIR AND ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION .......................................... 20 FIGURE1.5-2OVERVIEW OF SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT WITHIN 500M FROM XINQIAO SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION GROUND AND 100M HEALTH PROTECTION DISTANCE .......................................................................................................... 22 FIGURE1.5-3 OVERVIEW OF SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT WITHIN 500M FROM XINQIAO DEWATERING SITE AND 50M HEALTH PROTECTION DISTANCE ..................................................................................................................................... 23 FIGURE1.5-4 OVERVIEW OF SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT WITHIN 500M FROM XIAWAN DEWATERING SITE AND 50M HEALTH PROTECTION DISTANCE ..................................................................................................................................... 24 FIGURE1.5-5 OVERVIEW OF SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT WITHIN 500M FROM LANDFILL AND 50M HEALTH PROTECTION DISTANCE ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 FIGURE1.6-1EVALUATION SCOPE OF AIR AND STATUS MONITORING POINTS DISTRIBUTION...................................................... 28 FIGURE1.6-2THE EVALUATION SCOPE AND STATUS MONITORING POINTS DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE WATER............................... 29 FIGURE1.6-3THE EVALUATION SCOPE AND STATUS MONITORING POINTS DISTRIBUTION OF UNDERGROUND WATER ..................... 30 FIGURE1.9-1WORKING PROCEDURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION ......................................................................... 41 FIGURE3.1-1MAP OF CURRENT LAND USE IN THE PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................ 57 FIGURE3.2-1MAP OF XIANGSHILING SUB-REGION .......................................................................................................... 60 FIGURE3.2-2SITE PHOTOS OF XIANGSHILING SUB-REGION (2014) .................................................................................... 62 FIGURE3.2-3MAP OF QINGSHI SUB-REGION .................................................................................................................. 63 FIGURE3.2-4SITE PHOTOS OF QINGSHI SUB-REGION (2014) ............................................................................................ 64 FIGURE3.2-5MAP OF TONGTANGWAN SUB-REGION........................................................................................................ 65 FIGURE3.2-6 SITE PHOTOS OF TONGTANGWAN SUB-REGION (2014) ................................................................................. 66 FIGURE3.2-7MAP OF TONGXIA SUB-REGION ................................................................................................................. 67 FIGURE3.2-8SITE PHOTOS OF TONGXIA SUB-REGION (2011)............................................................................................ 69 FIGURE3.2-9MAP OF QINGSHUI SUB-REGION................................................................................................................ 70 FIGURE3.2-10 SITE PHOTOS OF QINGSHUI SUB-REGION (2011) ....................................................................................... 71 FIGURE3.2-11MAP OF YINGFENG SUB-REGION.............................................................................................................. 72 FIGURE3.2-12 PARTITION MAP OF YINGFENG SUB-REGION .............................................................................................. 72 FIGURE3.2-13SITE PHOTOS OF YINGFENG SUB-REGION (2014) ........................................................................................ 73 FIGURE3.2-14MAP OF QINGSHUIHU SUB-REGION.......................................................................................................... 74 FIGURE3.2-15PARTITION MAP OF QINGSHUIHU ZONE I ................................................................................................... 75 FIGURE3.2-16SITE PHOTOS OF QINGSHUIHU ZONE I (2014) ............................................................................................ 76 FIGURE3.2-17 PARTITION MAP OF QINGSHUIHU ZONE II ................................................................................................. 77 FIGURE3.2-18 SITE PHOTOS OF QINGSHUIHU ZONE II ..................................................................................................... 78 FIGURE3.3-1SOIL SAMPLING POINTS IN YINGFENG SUB-REGION ........................................................................................ 80 FIGURE3.3-2SOIL SAMPLING POINTS IN QINGSHUIHU ZONE I ............................................................................................ 81 FIGURE3.3-3SOIL SAMPLING POINTS IN QINGSHUIHU ZONE II........................................................................................... 82 FIGURE3.3-4 SOIL SAMPLING POINTS IN QINGSHUI SUB-REGION ....................................................................................... 83 FIGURE3.3-5 SOIL SAMPLING POINTS IN TONGXIA SUB-REGION......................................................................................... 84 FIGURE3.3-6SOIL SAMPLING POINTS IN TONGTANGWAN SUB-REGION ................................................................................ 85 FIGURE3.3-7 SOIL SAMPLING POINTS IN QINGSHI SUB-REGION ......................................................................................... 85 FIGURE3.3-8 SOIL SAMPLING POINTS IN XIANGSHILING SUB-REGION ................................................................................. 86 FIGURE3.3-9 SAMPLING POINTS OF OLD XIAWANGANG ................................................................................................... 88 FIGURE3.3-10SAMPLING POINTS OF XINQIAO LOW DISCHARGE CHANNEL .......................................................................... 89 FIGURE3.3-11SAMPLING POINTS OF WATER PONDS IN THREE SUB-AREAS ............................................................................ 90 FIGURE3.3-12LOCATION OF THE WASTE PILE IN TONGXIA SUB-REGION ............................................................................... 91 11 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA FIGURE3.3-13 SITE PHOTOS OF WASTE PILES .................................................................................................................. 92 FIGURE3.3-14SAMPLING POINTS AND SITE PHOTOS OF YONGFA REFINERY .......................................................................... 93 FIGURE3.3-15SAMPLING POINTS AND SITE PHOTOS OF BROTHERS INDUSTRY....................................................................... 95 FIGURE3.3-16SAMPLING POINTS AND SITE PHOTOS OF KANGLI SMELTER ............................................................................ 96 FIGURE3.3-17 SAMPLING POINTS AND SITE PHOTOS OF TIANCHENG CHEMICALS .................................................................. 98 FIGURE3.3-18 SAMPLING POINTS AND SITE PHOTOS OF XINDA SMELTER ........................................................................... 100 FIGURE3.3-19SAMPLING POINTS AND SITE PHOTOS OF HEHUA CEMENT PLANT ................................................................. 101 FIGURE3.3-20 SAMPLING POINTS IN RESIDENTIAL LAND................................................................................................. 103 FIGURE3.3-21 SAMPLING POINTS ON UNCOVERED SOIL IN RESIDENTIAL AREA .................................................................... 104 FIGURE3.3-22CONTOUR MAP OF CD AT THE FIRST SOIL LAYER ......................................................................................... 107 FIGURE3.3-23CONTOUR MAP OF CD AT THE SECOND SOIL LAYER ..................................................................................... 108 FIGURE3.3-24 CONTOUR MAP OF PB AT THE FIRST SOIL LAYER ........................................................................................ 109 FIGURE3.3-25 CONTOUR MAP OF PB AT THE SECOND SOIL LAYER..................................................................................... 109 FIGURE3.3-26CONTOUR MAP OF AS AT THE FIRST SOIL LAYER ......................................................................................... 110 FIGURE3.3-27CONTOUR MAP OF AS AT THE SECOND SOIL LAYER ..................................................................................... 110 FIGURE3.4-1PHOTOS OF XIAWANGANG BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT .......................................................................... 116 FIGURE3.4-2PHOTOS OF DAHU BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT ...................................................................................... 117 FIGURE3.4-3TECHNICAL PROCESS FLOW OF WASTE RESIDUE TREATMENT ........................................................................... 119 FIGURE3.4-4 PHOTOS OF WASTE PILES BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT............................................................................. 119 FIGURE3.4-5 LOCATIONS OF COMPLETED PROJECTS IN THE REGION................................................................................... 121 FIGURE4.2-1 PLANNING FOR QINGSHUITANG CIRCULAR ECONOMY INDUSTRIAL ZONE IN ZHUZHOU CITY ............................... 128 FIGURE4.2-2PLANNING FOR QINGSHUITANG ECOLOGICAL INDUSTRIAL TOWN OF ZHUZHOU CITY ......................................... 128 FIGURE4.7-1 CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR LEAD EXPOSURE ................................................................................................ 141 FIGURE4.9-1 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT RISK AREAS IN THE PROJECT AREA .......................................................... 147 FIGURE4.9-2 DETERMINATION OF PROJECT CONTENT AND SCALE BASED ON THE CONCLUSION OF RISK ASSSESSMENT ................ 148 FIGURE4.9-3 DISTRIBUTION OF REMEDIATION AREA ...................................................................................................... 150 FIGURE4.9-4 RISK CONTROLLABLE AREA AND RISK ACCEPTABLE AREA ............................................................................... 154 FIGURE5.2-1 PROJECT SCOPE AND PARTITION MAP ....................................................................................................... 160 FIGURE6.1-1CLEANUP ROUTE FOR THE REMEDIATION SITE .............................................................................................. 163 FIGURE6.1-2LOCATION MAP FOR CLOSED FACILITIES IN THE PROJECT SCOPE ....................................................................... 166 FIGURE6.1-3 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS TO BE DISMANTLED AND TO BE WASHED IN YONGFA REFINERY ............................ 167 FIGURE6.1-4 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS TO BE DISMANTLED AND TO BE WASHED IN BROTHERS INDUSTRY......................... 167 FIGURE6.1-5CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS TO BE DISMANTLED AND TO BE WASHED IN KANGLI SMELTER ............................... 168 FIGURE6.1-6 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS TO BE DISMANTLED AND TO BE WASHED IN TIANCHENG CHEMICALS ..................... 168 FIGURE6.1-7 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS TO BE DISMANTLED AND TO BE WASHED IN XINDA SMELTER................................ 169 FIGURE6.1-8 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS TO BE DISMANTLED AND TO BE WASHED IN HEHUA CEMENT ............................... 169 FIGURE6.2-1 DISTRIBUTION MAP FOR REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTAMINATED LAND ........................................... 173 FIGURE6.2-2 TECHNICAL ROUTES FOR REMEDIATION OF HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATED SOIL................................................. 177 FIGURE6.2-3 DIAGRAM FOR TREATMENT OF ECOLOGICAL INTERCEPTION BELT .................................................................... 181 FIGURE6.2-4 PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR EXCAVATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL .................................................................. 184 FIGURE6.4-1 DIAGRAM FOR REMEDIATION SCOPE OF CHANNELS AND PONDS..................................................................... 187 FIGURE6.6-1 LOCATION MAP FOR SITES....................................................................................................................... 192 FIGURE6.6-2 CURRENT SITUATION OF DEWATERING AND TEMPORARY STORAGE SITES. ........................................................ 193 FIGURE6.6-3LOCATION MAP FOR THE DEWATERING SITE ................................................................................................ 194 FIGURE6.6-4CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM FOR DEWATERING PLATFORM .............................................................................. 194 FIGURE6.6-5 LOCATION MAP FOR TEMPORARY STORAGE SITE ......................................................................................... 195 12 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA FIGURE6.7-1 MAP FOR TRANSPORTATION ROUTES ....................................................................................................... 198 FIGURE6.8-1OVERALL CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM OF THE EARTHWORK ............................................................................. 199 FIGURE6.8-2 EARTHWORK BALANCE (UNIT: 10 THOUSANDM³) ....................................................................................... 200 FIGURE6.9-1MAP FOR REGULATORY DETAILED PLANNING FOR THE CORE ZONE OF QINGSHUI LAKE ECO-CITY IN ZHUZHOU CITY .. 204 FIGURE6.10-1LOCATION OF THE LANDFILL ................................................................................................................... 206 FIGURE6.10-2 DIAGRAM FOR PONTOON PUMP STATION ................................................................................................ 210 FIGURE6.10-3 DIAGRAM FOR DISCHARGE ROUTE OF PONDING WATER.............................................................................. 212 FIGURE6.10-4 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANDFILL AND ZK12 ...................................................................... 213 FIGURE6.10-5 THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF LANDFILL FIELD REFERS TO THE DATA OF ZK12 .............................. 213 FIGURE6.11-1FLOW CHART FOR CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF QINGSHUI LAKE................................................................. 225 FIGURE6.12-1 PLANE LAYOUT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEMONSTRATION CENTER ................................................................... 228 FIGURE7.1-1 CLEANUP ROUTE IN THE REMEDIATION SITE ............................................................................................... 230 FIGURE7.1-2FLOW CHART FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEMONSTRATION CENTER ............................................ 231 FIGURE7.1-3 TECHNICAL PROCESS AND POLLUTION LINKS DURING INTERCEPTION AND DIVERSION OF PONDS AND DESILTING ...... 233 FIGURE7.1-4LOCATION MAP FOR SENSITIVE SPOTS OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES ............................................................... 236 FIGURE7.2-1 TECHNICAL PROCESS OF SOIL STABILIZATION AND POLLUTION LINKS ................................................................ 242 FIGURE7.2-2FLOW CHART FOR ORGANIC CONTAMINATED SITE TREATMENT........................................................................ 243 FIGURE7.2-3 TECHINICAL PROCESS OF SEDIMENT REMEDIATION AND POLLUTION LINKS........................................................ 243 FIGURE7.2-4 TECHNICAL PROCESS OF WASTE RESIDUE REMEDIATION ................................................................................ 244 FIGURE7.2-5 TECHNICAL PROCESS OF LANDFILLING ....................................................................................................... 244 FIGURE7.2-6 TECHNICAL FLOW FOR LANDFILLING AT THE FIRST STAGE ............................................................................... 246 FIGURE7.2-7 TECHNICAL FLOW FOR LANDFILLING AT THE SECOND STAGE ........................................................................... 246 FIGURE8.2-1SITE LOCATION 1 OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEMONSTRATION CENTER ................................................................... 255 FIGURE8.2-2 SITE LOCATION 1 OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEMONSTRATION CENTER ................................................................... 256 FIGURE8.2-3DIAGRAM FOR PIT LANDFILL .................................................................................................................... 258 FIGURE8.2-4 DIAGRAM FOR LANDFILL OF MAN-MADE PALLET ......................................................................................... 259 FIGURE8.2-5 LOCATION MAP FOR LANDFILL ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................. 260 FIGURE8.2-6 OVERLAY MAP FOR LANDFILL SITE LOCATION AND QINGSHUITANG FAULT (F151).............................................. 263 FIGURE8.3-1 NINE PRINCIPLES FOR SITE REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY SELECTION IN USEPA IN SUPER FUND PLAN.................... 265 FIGURE8.3-2 EX-SITU AND IN-SITU STABILIZATION ......................................................................................................... 269 FIGURE8.3-3EX-SITU LANDFILL .................................................................................................................................. 269 FIGURE8.3-4 DIAGRAM FOR ELUTION PROCESS..............................................................................................................270 FIGURE8.3-5 DIAGRAM FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION ..................................................................................................272 FIGURE8.3-6 INCINERATION IN ROTARY KILN ................................................................................................................ 277 FIGURE8.3-7RELATIVE POSITION MAP FOR SINOMA CEMENT AND THE PROJECT ................................................................. 281 FIGURE8.3-8 DIAGRAM FOR TREATMENT PROCESS OF WASTEWATER FROM SINOMA CEMENT ............................................... 284 FIGURE9.1-1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION MAP............................................................................................................... 294 FIGURE9.1-2 SKETCH MAP OF WATER SYSTEM IN THE REGION .......................................................................................... 297 FIGURE9.1-3LANDFORM MAP ................................................................................................................................... 300 FIGURE9.1-4 STRUCTURE OUTLINE MAP ...................................................................................................................... 303 FIGURE9.1-5 PIE CHART FOR CHEMICAL TYPES OF GROUNDWATER ................................................................................... 306 FIGURE9.2-1 DOCUMENT OF THE MINISTRY OF LAND AND RESOURCES ON LAND STATUS CHANGE IN QINGSHUITANG AREA ....... 312 FIGURE9.4-1 INTEGRATED HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP ...................................................................................................... 317 FIGURE9.4-2 VADOSE ZONE ISOPACH MAP ................................................................................................................... 320 FIGURE9.4-3GROUNDWATER LEVEL ISOBATH MAP ........................................................................................................ 321 FIGURE9.4-4 LOCATION MAP FOR NOISE MONITORING POINTS ........................................................................................ 383 13 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA FIGURE9.5-1 LOCATION MAP FOR TANGIBLE CULTURAL RESOUCRS IN THE PROJECT AREA ...................................................... 386 FIGURE9.5-2PICTURES OF TANGIBLE CULTURAL RESOURCES IN THE PROJECT AREA ............................................................... 387 FIGURE10.1-1LOCATION MAP FOR IN-PRODUCTION AND CLOSED ENTERPRISES IN THE PROJECT AREA ..................................... 391 FIGURE10.1-2LOCATION MAP FOR MAJOR IN-PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES AND COMMUNITIES OUTSIDE OF THE PROJECT AREA .... 392 FIGURE12.1-1TREATMENT PROCESS OF MOBILE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ........................................................... 428 FIGURE12.1-2 SEEPER TREATMENT PROCESS FLOWCHART ............................................................................................. 428 FIGURE12.1-3 DEWATERING PLATFORM STRUCTURE..................................................................................................... 431 FIGURE12.1-4 ANTI-SEEPAGE SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 432 ST FIGURE12.1-5 1 RESETTLEMENT HOUSES IN NEW XIAWAN VILLAGE ARE ROOF SEALED .................................................... 453 ND FIGURE12.1-6 2 RESETTLEMENT HOUSES IN NEW XIAWAN VILLAGE ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION ....................................... 454 FIGURE12.1-7 ORGANIZATIONS RELATING TO RESETTLEMENT OF AFFECTED RESIDENTS BY HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN QINGSHUITANG AREA, ZHUZHOU CITY ................................................ 461 FIGURE12.2-1 ROSE DIAGRAM OF FREQUENCY OF WIND DIRECTION IN ZHUZHOU CITY DURING 2004-2008 YEARS ............... 466 FIGURE12.2-6RECLAIMED WATER RECYCLING TREATMENT PROCESS................................................................................ 485 FIGURE13.5-1TIME SEQUENCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ZHUZHOU QINGSHUI LAKE ECOTYPE NEW CITY ............................ 545 FIGURE13.5-2SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF INDUSTRIES IN ZHUZHOU QINGSHUI LAKE ECOTYPE NEW CITY.................................... 547 FIGURE14.2-1 FIRST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION SYMPOSIUM .............................................................................................. 585 FIGURE14.2-2 FIRST ONLINE STATEMENT OF PROJECT INFORMATION............................................................................... 588 FIGURE14.2-3PHOTOS OF FIRST PUBLIC PARTICIPATION................................................................................................. 590 FIGURE14.3-1 PHOTO OF INQUIRY & INTERVIEW FOR SECOND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ........................................................ 604 FIGURE14.3-2SECOND ONLINE DISCLOSURE OF PROJECT INFORMATION........................................................................... 606 FIGURE14.3-3 SECOND ROUND DISCLOSURE THROUGH BULLETIN BOARDS AT COMMUNITIES ................................................ 607 FIGURE14.3-4 GROUP MEETINGS DURING THE SECOND ROUND CONSULTATION ............................................. 608 FIGURE15.4-1FRAMEWORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & SUPERVISION ORGANIZATIONS OF THE PROJECT ............... 613 FIGURE15.6-1 PROCEDURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION WORKS .......................................................................... 618 FIGURE15.6-2NVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION PROCEDURES FOR CONTAMINATED SITE REMEDIATION CONSTRUCTION IN EXECUTION STAGE .......................................................................................................................................................... 620 FIGURE15.8-1 WORKING PROCEDURE OF REMEDIATION ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................. 635 FIGURE15.9-1 WORKING PROCEDURE OF REVIEW INSPECTION & ASSESSMENT ................................................................. 641 14 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Preface 1. Project Background Zhuzhou Qingshuitang Industrial Zone (QIZ) is a key and old industrial base invested and built by the state in the 1950s, with leading industries of lead-zinc smelting and heavy chemical industry. Over 60 years' development of metallurgical and chemical industry has turned Qingshuitang Industrial Zone into a brownfield contaminated by heavy-metals. Pollution remediation of Qingshuitang Industrial Zone has become an urgent need for protecting the local people's livelihood and the Xiang River. During the NPC & CPPCC meetings in 2011, the State Council approved the Implementation Plan for the Heavy-metal Pollution Remediation in Xiang River Basin, and listed Qingshuitang Industrial Zone as an advance pilot area for Heavy-metal pollution remediation. The government of Zhuzhou City has paid much attention to the pollution remediation of Qingshuitang Industrial Zone, and has founded the ZREIDC (ZREIDC) in 2009 to specialize in the environment management and re-development of Qingshuitang Industrial Zone. Several small scale remediation projects have been carried out in the QIZ. 2. Project Contents The implementation area of the project is in the Qingshuitang Industrial Zone, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province. It is adjacent to Xiangtian Road in the east and a Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway viaduct in the west, and is close to Zhuzhou Smelter Group Company Limited in the north and faces Xiang River in the south. The total area is 8.48km2. Environmental site investigation and risk assessment was conducted during 2011-2014, based on which the project feasibility study has further analyzed the risk assessment results and developed remediation strategy. The project area was categorized into three parts: risk acceptable area, risk controllable area, and remediation area.  The risk acceptable area: identified as risk acceptable areas in the risk assessment reports, with a size of 2.02km2.  The risk controllable area: the residential areas with concrete pavement, the current producing companies, completed remediation areas (Xiawangang Heavy-metal Contamination Remediation Project, Dahu Heavy-metal Contamination Remediation Project; Remediation of Xinqiao waste pile, North waste pile and Dahu waste pile). The size of risk controllable area is 3.73km2. 1 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA The total size of risk acceptable area and risk controllable area is 5.73km2.  Remediation area: Identified as risk unacceptable areas in the risk assessment report and not included in the risk controllable area. The size of remediation area is 2.73km2. The remediation area is the target area of pollution remediation of the project, where activities will be conducted in four aspects: (1) Soil surface cleaning and polluted site treatment and remediation: a). Land clearance: The area of soil surface to be cleared is 2.30km2; the volume of buildings to be demolished is 45,843m3. 6 closed industrial facilities: Zhuzhou Yongfa Metal Refining Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Brothers Industry Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Kangli Smelting Plant, Zhuzhou Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Xinda Smelting Co., Ltd., and Zhuzhou Hehua Cement Plant. The area of buildings to be demolished is 9,546.8m2, the volume of construction debris is 6,532.0m3, and the area of buildings to be cleaned is 7,710.8m2. Residential area to be cleaned: 94 households are required to be relocated, with 372 residents affected mainly ine, Yingfeng Community, Qingxia Community and Jianshe Village. The area of buildings to be demolished is 21,993m2, and the volume of construction debris is 39,310m3. b). Soils exchange: Replace the uncovered soil in the contiguous residential areas in the Xiangshiling area, Qingshi area and Tongtanwan area and around the relocated facilities. The size of soil-replacement area in non-remediation area is about 110,855m2, and the depth of soil to be replaced is 0.5m. The volume of clean soil to be filled is 55,427.5m3. c). Soil treatment of polluted sites Treatment of site contaminated by heavy metals: refer to relevant specifications in China and the framework of Superfund experiences of US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to determine the treatment method in this project:  ex-situ stabilization and solidification (S/S): 0.47km2  transporting to planned non-sensitive land (landfill as backup): 0.62km2  in-situ stabilization + capping: 0.74km2  in-situ stabilization + vegetation covers: 0.13km2  in-situ phytoremeidation: 0.23km2  Bio-interception: apply to 0.10 km2 For the 6 closed plants to be handled under the project, the total remediation area is 0.13km2. Heavy metal contaminated soils will be excavated and moved to the project S/S facility for treament. The total volume is 74313m3. 2 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Treatment of soil subject to organic pollution: The soil subject to organic pollution is in the plant of Zhuzhou Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with an area of 8,274m 2; the volume of polluted soil is 16,548m3, which will be transported to Sinoma Zhuzhou Cement Co., Ltd. for incineration. d). Treatment of waste piles: the waste residue in the project area is distributed in Tongxia area, Hongxin Plant, and sporadic residues along the low discharge channel, with total volume of 84,700m3, which will be transported to the stabilization/solidification operation site for treatment and will then to the solid waste landfill for filling after treatment. e). Treatment of sediments in ponds and eclogical restoration along Old Xiawanggang Channel: the total area of the 26 ponds to be treated is 0.17km2, with total water volume of 259,500m3 and total volume of polluted sediment of 173,000m3; The polluted sediment will be transported to the stabilization/solidification operation site for treatment after dewatering. Elogical restoration of 54279m2 along the Old Xiawanggang Channel. (2) Construction of treament/disposal works  To modify existing Xinqiao solid waste facility to a stabilization and solidification facility: land area: 4000m³, daily treatment capacity: 400m³/d;  To rent existing Xiwangang dewatering plant: land area: 5,500m2, including dewatering field of 4000m2 and temporary storing yard of 1,500m2;  Newly built Dewatering plant (i.e. Xinqiao dewatering site:) land area: about 4,200m2, including dewatering field of 4,000m2 and temporary storing yard for sediment of 200m2;  Newly built temporary storing field: build a temporary storing field beside the stabilization and solidification operation site with an area of 10,000m2, the volume of temporarily stored demolition wastes and treated residues is 150,000m3.  Newly built temporary road: The main transportation roads of the project are existingTongxia Road, Qingxia Road, the old Tongxia Road, and the Huanbao Avenue which is under construction, and the other village roads are auxiliary transportation roads. By using the existing road, the project is planned to renovate the village roads and build some temporary roads for the purpose of earth transportation. The length of village roads to be renovated is 13,832m, and the length of temporary roads to be built is 1,802m. (3) Building new solid waste landfill The project is planned to build a landfill using the abandoned quarry of Zhuzhou Hehua Cement Plant, which has a land area of about 36,265m2 and the usable volume of the mine is 200,000,000m³. 3 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA (4) Building a new Environmental Information and Demonstration Center: To maximize the demonstration impact of the project, an environmental demonstration center will be established, which will not only serve as an environmental education platform for the public to review the pollution history, display remediation achievements and anticipate the future development of environmental protection; but also a monitoring data center to provide support for environmental management and green development. The center will also provide information on area’s redevelopment plans and serve as a center for the affected to file their complaints. Specific activities include a management building with a construction area of 820m2; an environmental protection exhibition center with construction area of 7,150m2, and an experiment/demonstration base with an area of 40,000m2. （5）Studies （1）Study on Qingshuitang Brownfield Remediation and Strategic Planning：(i) recommendations for filling the potential gaps between the remediation results and future land use/urban development strategic planning, through defining remedial remediation targets or refining the strategic planning; (ii) a strategic environmental and social impact assessment for the remediation and redevelopment of Qingshuitang core zone that will address among other issues conversion of land use and its impacts on land value and beneficiaries; (iii) application of green remediation in the future remediation practices in Qingshuitang； (iv) policy recommendations for addressing policy, regulation, financing and market issues in the remediation and redevelopment. （2）Study on the compliance framework for Qingshuitang environmental quality and industrial pollution control ： (i) regional groundwater monitoring and modelling; (ii) monitoring of industrial emissions, secondary pollution analysis and data analysis for environmental management. The total investment of the project is initially planned to be 242 million US dollars, including 150 million US dollars of World Bank loan. The implementation period of the project is from October, 2015 to December, 2022. 3. EA preparation According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection, Notice on Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Management of Construction Project Supported by International Financial Organizations, and the Safeguard Policies of World Bank, as well as the domestic and the World Bank's environmental impact 4 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA assessment procedures, we have reviewed the positive environmental impacts caused by this project, we have identified, screened, predicted and analyzed the possible negative environmental impacts, and we have proposed specific effective mitigation measures and environmental management plan for the main inevitable negative environmental impacts, so as to provide basis for the independent assessment on the project of World Bank as well as for the decision-making and management of the government and environmental management department. According to the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment and the No. 253 State Council Order, an Environmental Impact Assessment Report is required for this project. According to the Notice on Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Management of Construction Project Supported by International Financial Organizations, the classification principles for environmental impact assessment specified in OP4.01 of World Bank and the identification of the project type in the activity memo of January 2014 of the Project Identification Mission of World Bank, the project is identified as Type A project. ZREIDC has entrusted Nanjing Guohuan Environmental Technology and Development Co., Ltd to carry out the environmental impact assessment of this project. Nanjing Guohuan Environmental Technology and Development Co., Ltd is transformed as a whole from the formal "Environmental Impact Assessment and Science and technology Consultation Center" of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. As one of the first institutions that provide environmental impact assessment for construction project, it has Class-A qualification for environmental impact assessment. In addition to environmental impact assessment and consultation service, the company also engages in some scientific research into laws and regulations, standards, policies and technical guidelines in regard to consultation, and it participates in national science projects and research of key research subjects in related fields and provides technical support for the Ministry of Environmental Protection and environmental protection administration departments at all levels. After accepting the entrustment, the assessment organization established a project group, collected and sorted out related materials, surveyed the environmental conditions of the proposed site of the project and the surrounding areas, made preliminary analysis on the construction type, contents, scale, main pollution factors and possible environmental impacts of the project, and composed the Environmental Impact Assessment Outline of the World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project (TOR) in accordance with 5 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA the environmental impact assessment technical guidelines in China and the specifications on environmental impact assessment in the safeguard policies of World Bank, in order to guide the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project (EIA) and the environmental impact assessment. From June 2014 to July 2015, World Bank task team provided review and comments to the Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Initial Draft) (EIA), the project group supplemented and revised the Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Initial Draft) according to the suggestions of the environmental experts of World Bank and made the Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Draft for Review) (EIA). The Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIA) of this project is the comprehensive analysis and assessment of the project in accordance with the environmental impact assessment technical guidelines in China and the specifications on environmental impact assessment in the safeguard policies of World Bank, and focuses on the following issues: 1) The engineering characteristics of the project and the main possible environmental issues; 2) The positive environmental effects and negative environmental impacts that may arise from the implementation of the project; 3) Assessment on the accumulated environmental impacts on the region; 4) Countermeasures to mitigate the possible negative impacts of the project; 5) Alternative plan analysis; 6) Environment Management Plan (EMP) In addition to the Environmental Impact Assessment Report, this project has another 3 reports: (A) Environmental Assessment Report Executive Summary – EA Executive Summary: abbreviated from Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIA), composed by Nanjing Guohuan Environmental Technology and Development Co., Ltd (B) Environmental and Social Management Framework: The ESMF is needed due to the following considerations:  In the 8.48km2 project area, there are still industrial facilities in operation. Per domestic regulations, any closure of industrial facilities is subject to site investigation and remediation as 6 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA necessary;  There are around 5.75km2 land plots in the project area have been considered risk acceptable or risk controllable. Nevertheless, risk assessment is based on planned land use which may change. If, for example, a planned industrial land plot is changed to residential use, its risk to human health may become unacceptable and further remediation effort is needed.  Other remediation or development activities proposed by the ZREIDC, such as the Qingshui Lake Constructed Wetland. Some repaired sites of the project need to be backfilled with clean soil. This soil shall be got from the spoil of Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City. However, implementation of the project will take 6 years and at the present, we are unable to identify the specific location of the clean soil and its source, and are unable to confirm if we need new a borrow site. For this part of the clean soil, whether it comes from the spoil area or the newly establised soil-taken field, need to meet the domestic laws and regulations, as well as the legal sampling procedures. Since the specific locations of such potential remediation activity is not known during the project preparation, this ESMF will guide the ZREIDC on the environment and social screening and subsequent assessment of sub projects during implementation, including the relevant sub project-specific plans that have to be developed in compliance with the World Bank policies. Composed by Nanjing Guohuan Environmental Technology and Development Co., Ltd. (C) Environmental Management Plan. Environmental Management Plan focuses on environmental impacts, mitigation measures, environmental monitoring plan, organization arrangement, capacity development and training, environmental protection investment estimation etc. It is composed by Nanjing Guohuan Environmental Technology and Development Co., Ltd 7 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 1 General 1.1 Objectives of assessment This project aims to apply for World Bank loan to support the brownfield remediation project in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone, which will help to bring international know-how and best practices and funds to Zhuzhou city and to build a harmonious Zhuzhou. Meanwhile, World Bank supported project is a carrier of foreign advanced technologies, operation methods and management methods. World Bank supported project is required to adopt competitive tendering and to focus on technical service and follow-up inspection, which helps to introduce advanced management techniques and equipment and to promote the routinization and contractualization of the management of project construction, and will further develop and accumulate experiences for the heavy-metal pollution remediation in the Xiang River basin and lay a good foundation for it. The objectives of the assessment report are: a). Conduct analysis and assessment of the current conditions of natural environment, socio-economy of the project area, determine the scope and degree of impacts assessment, and examine the design and execution of environmental protection plan of the project; b). Assess the positive environmental impacts caused by the implementation of the project and identify, screen, predict and analyze the possible negative environmental impacts; c). Put forward targeting effective mitigation measures for the main inevitable negative environmental impacts and formulate the environment management and monitoring plan (EMP). 1.2 Assessment factors Assessment factors are shown in Table 1.2-1. 8 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 1.2-1 Assessment factors Type of Assessment factors of current Assessment factors of Total quantity environment conditions impacts control factors TSP, PM10, SO2, NO2, fluoride, Hg, Pb and its compounds, arsenide, Cr (6+), TSP, ammonia, Air environment — Mn and its compounds, TVOC, phenol, hydrogen sulfide ammonia pH, COD, SS, cyanide, ammonia COD, SS , ammonia Water nitrogen, TP, volatile phenols, Cd, Hg, nitrogen, Cd, Pb, As, — environment Zn, Pb, As, Ni, Cr6+ and Cu Cr6+ Noise Equivalent sound level Equivalent sound level — total dissolved solids, total hardness, pH, ammonia nitrogen, Fe, sulfate, volatile phenols, Cd, Groundwater chloride, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite Hg, Zn, Pb, As, Ni, Cr6+, — nitrogen, Cu, Zn, Pb, Se, Hg, Cd, Cr Se, Be, Sb and Cu (6+), As, Mn, Co, Ni, Ba, Be pH, organic matter, Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, As, Ni, Soil Cr6+, Se, Be, Sb, Ti and — Ni, Cr6+, Se, Be, Sb, Ti and Cu Cu — — Total solid waste Solid waste discharge 1.3 Focus of assessment According to the actual situation of the project, assessment of the project focuses on the following: (1) Make clear the environmental function and main protection targets to determine assessment standards by investigation into the natural environment and social environment of the proposed construction site. (2) Identify the pollution conditions of the region by investigation into the pollution sources and due diligence investigation into the industrial facilities in the region; Make clear the environmental quality of the surrounding areas by investigation and monitoring of the current conditions of air, water quality and ambient noise in the region; (3) Make a detailed survey on the current state of soil pollution in the remediation project and make comprehensive assessment on the current state of pollution, heavy metal composition an so on; (4) Find out the main pollution sources, main pollutants, emission concentration, emission methods, and emission rules in the project through project analysis. Analyze the effectiveness and feasibility of the treatment process, comprehensively demonstration the economic feasibility, resource reasonability, and environmental protection feasibility of the treatment plan, and put forward measures and suggestions to improve the treatment project; 9 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA (5) Analyze the effects of site remediation after the treatment project is completed and discuss on the environmental and social effects of the project; Propose conclusive suggestions for the project construction from the perspective of environmental protection and provide basis for decision-making of competent environmental protection departments; The environmental impact assessment of this project focuses on project analysis and environmental protection measures. 1.4 Assessment of work levels The environmental assessment level of the project is defined according to the provisions about classification of environmental assessment project in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment. 1.4.1 Assessment level of surface water environment The waste water during construction of the project include sanitary sewage, rainwater, waste water from washing vehicle and machine, waste water from washing buildings in the facilities demolition site which contains heavy metal, waste water from dredging of ponds, and dry ports, and water in the stone-pits at the landfill, which will be discharged for a short term during construction. The waste water during project operation include waste water from sediment dewatering, rain water at all operation sites, and sanitary sewage at the Environmental Information and Demonstration Center, the volume of which will be about 451 tons; the complexity level of water quality is medium level, and the various waste water will be discharged to Xiang River after pre-treatment and treatment by waste water treatment plant. The average flow of Xiang River for years is 1,780m3/s, indicating that it is a large river. As required by the Technical Guidelines of Assessment for Impacts on Water Environment, the impact on surface water environment in the project is defined as Level III. 1.4.2 Assessment level of groundwater environment This project is a new environment remediation project, and the classification of the project is shown in Table 1.4-1. 10 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 1.4-1Classification of project Project Type Standards Conditions of project site Classification Construction project that may cause groundwater pollution after the Type I construction, operation and maintenance period of the project During the operation of the Construction project that proposed project, the may cause changes to polluted soils and Classification of groundwater flow field or sediments in the solid construction groundwater level and waste temporary storing Type I Type project result in environmental and yard, and the leachate of II hydrogeological problems solid waste landill may after the construction, affect groundwater quality, operation and maintenance which is Type I project. period of the project Construction project that Type have environmental impact III of both Type I project and Type II project According to Technical Guide of Environmental Impact Assessment for Underground Water (HJ610-2011), Classification of groundwater assessment of Type I construction project The thickness of single-layer aeration zone in the project site is 1~13.45m≥1.0m; the main type of soil is clayey soil; permeability coefficient is 10-6cm/s7.5) 0.60 1.0 350 350 20 100 300 60 1.7.3 Pollutants discharge standard 1.7.3.1 Waste water The waste water from washing vehicle during the construction period and flushing demolished structures of enterprises will be recycled after treatment without discharge; The tail water from dredging of ponds, as well as waste water from sediment dewatering, after treatment by mobile sewage treatment facility to meet the level-1 standard in table-4 of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) ,will be discharged into Xiawangang; For the gathered water in landfill pit, the level-1 standard of table-4 in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) is required to be implemented after treatment. The water used for daily washing and bathing and other domestic waste water as well as a small number of domestic sewage of Environmental Information and Demonstration Center, 36 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA after gathering and retexturing to meet Reuse of Recycling Water for Urban, Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water Consumption (GB/T 18920— 2002) , will be used for cleaning floor, watering flower, flushing toilet and other usage not directly contacted by human body. Other waste water from toilet flushing will go through pipes to Xiawan Sewage Treatment Plant for treatment. Table 1.7-10Water quality standards of Reuse of Recycling Water for Urban, Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water Consumption Urban No. Items Toilet flushing Road cleaning greening 1 pH 6.0~9.0 2 Color (degree) ≤ 30 3 Smell No uncomfortable sense 4 Turbidity (NTU) ≤ 5 10 10 5 Total dissolved solids (mg/L) ≤ 1500 1500 1000 Five-day biochemical oxygen demand 6 10 15 20 (BOD5) (mg/L)≤ 7 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) ≤ 10 10 20 8 Anionic surfactant (mg/L) ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 9 Fe (mg/L) ≤ 0.3 — — 10 Mn (mg/L) ≤ 0.1 — — 11 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) ≥ 1.0 12 Total residual chlorine (mg/L) After contact for 30min ≥1.0, the end of pipe≥0.2 13 Total coliform group ( unit/L) ≤ 3 The leachate of landfill site will flow to Qingshuitang Industrial Waste Water Treatment and Recycle Plant through pipes for treatment. For the tail water of Qingshuitang Industrial Waste Water Treatment and Recycle Plant and Xiawan Sewage Treatment Plant, level-1 B standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) will be executed. Table 1.7-11 Discharge standard of sewage Total Ammonia Standard pH COD BOD5 phosphorus nitrogen Level-1 standard of table-4 in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard 6-9 100 20 0.5 15 (GB8978-1996) Level-1 B standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal 6-9 60 20 1 8 (15) Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918- 2002) 1.7.3.2 Waste gas For the discharge of dust and waste gas created by soil excavation and classification, as well as benzopyrene waste gas from excavation of soil with organic contamination, the level- 37 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 2 standard in table 2 of Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996) and non-organization emission monitoring concentration limiting value will be executed. Table 1.7-12 Integrated Emission Standard of Air Contamination Non-organization The maximum The maximum emission allowable allowable Contamination monitoring discharge Standard source discharge concentration concentration speed (kg/h) limiting value (mg/m3) Particulate matter 1.0 mg/m3 120 — Level-2 standard of table-2 of Integrated Emission Standard of Benzopyrene 0.008ug/m3 — — Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996) For the waste gas emission of the soil with organic contamination which was entrusted to Sinoma (Zhuzhou) Cement Co., Ltd. for treatment, Standard for Pollution Control on Co- processing of Solid Wastes in Cement Kiln (GB 30485-2013) will be executed. For the stench emitted from the dredging sediment and soil stabilization storage reaction, Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants (GB14554-1993) will be executed. Table 1.7-13Standard value of odor pollutants at factory boundary Controlling item Unit Grade-2 NH3 mg/m3 1.5 H2S mg/m3 0.06 1.7.3.3 Noise For the noise at boundary of stabilization/solidification site, landfill site, dewatering site, and temporary storage site, class-3 standard of Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008) will be executed. For the area of 50m from the two sides of road and main line, class-4a standard will be executed, and sudden noise at night shall not exceed the standard value of 15dB(A) ; while for some living facilities in the living area, Emission Standard for Community Noise (GB 22337-2008) will be executed. The details can be seen in Table 1.8-23. Table 1.7-14Emission standard for community noise (dB(A)) Class 1 2 3 4 Day 55 60 65 70 Night 45 50 55 55 For the construction field, Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB12523 － 2011) will be executed, which is 70dB(A) for day, and 55 38 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA dB(A) for night. 1.7.3.4 Solid waste For disposal of general solid waste, Standard for Pollution Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Waste (GB18599-2001) as well as Announcement on issuing Standard for Pollution Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Waste (GB18599-2001) and other two national pollutant control standard modification sheets (No.36 Announcement in 2013) will be executed.; while for hazardous solid waste, Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001) and Standard for Pollution Control on the Security Landfill Site for Hazardous Wastes (GB18598-2001) will be executed. 39 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 1.8 Functional attributes of the regional environment Table 1.8-1List of functional attributes of the regional environment of the project Name of environment No. The class of evaluation area functional regions Whether or not in the “basic 1 No ecological controlling line ” Whether or not in “protected 2 No region of drinking water source” According to Water Environmental Functional Demarcation For Hunan Main Surface Water (DB43/023- 2005) , the functional demarcation of water area of Qingshuitang area is as following: it’s protected region of drinking water source from 1000m upstream of water intake of the Second Water Factory, to 100m downstream of water intake of the Third Water Factory of Xiang River, and the Class-II standard of GB3838-2002 will be executed; while it’s a mixing area from 100m downstream of water intake of the Surface water environment 3 Third Water Factory to right bank of 2000m downstream of functional region Xiawangang, and the class-V standard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) will be executed; and it is landscape and entertainment water area from 100 m downstream of the Third Water Factory to the left and middle bank of 2000m downstream of Shengangjiang exit of Xiawangang, and from 2000m downstream of water intake of Xiawangang to Majiahe River, Class-II I standard of GB3838-2002 will be executed. 4 Ambient air functional region Class-2 5 Ambient noise functional region Class-3 Underground water environment 6 Class-Ⅲ functional region Whether or not related to basic 7 No farmland conservation area Whether or not related to natural 8 No preservation areas Whether or not related to scenic 9 No spot reserves Whether or not related to cultural 10 No relics protection units Water catchment range of Xiawan Sewage Treatment Plant, Qingshuitang Industrial 11 municipal wastewater treatment Waste Water Treatment and Recycle Plant plant 1.9 Technical methods of evaluation 1.9.1 Technical methods According to the nature of the project, this evaluation adopts Pattern Prediction Method 40 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA to conduct the prediction and evaluation of air and noise, and survey and analogy analysis method to conduct evaluation of ecological environment, social environment, and environment of surface water and underground water. 1.9.2 Working procedure of evaluation The detailed working procedure is as shown in Figure1.9-1： Accepting the task of evaluation Determination of environmental impact evaluation plan Analyzing and researching relevant Research of regulations, standards and documents of the project evaluation guidelines Suvey, field investigation of environmental conditions of the project; material collection and basic charateristic analysis; public participation Determine problems and Goal of environmental evaluation factors protection Identifying environmental problems and selecting environmental evaluation factors Determining environmental impact evaluation plan Status survey, monitoring, and analogy analysis of regional Project analysis Status suvey, prediction and evaluation environment Expert Suvey and Suvey and Suvey and Suvey and Suvey and consultation evaluation of evaluation of evaluation of evaluation of evaluation of ecological water noise air natural environment environment environment environment environment Analogy status status status status and social analysis environment Material collection Prediction and evaluation of environmental impact, public participation, planning environmental protection measures and actions Compiling report on environmental impact Report on environmental Submitting to environmental protection impact authorities for review Submission for approval of report on environmental impact Figure1.9-1Working procedure of the environmental evaluation 41 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 2 Policy, Regulation and Management Framework The project conforms to the provisions of domestic laws and regulations on environmental impact assessement and relevant technical guidelines, and also meet the requirements of the World Bank’s Security Policy. 2.1 Domestic Laws and Regulations 2.1.1 Domestic laws and regulations on environmental protection (1) Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (April 24, 2014); (2) Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Law of the People’s Republic of China (February 28, 2008); (3) Water Pollution Prevention Law of the People’s Republic of China (revised on February 28, 2008); (4) Cleaner Production Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China (revised on February 29, 2012); (5) Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (January 1, 1999); (6) Soil and Water Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 25, 2010); (7) Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China (January 1, 1985); (8) Water Law of the People’s Republic of China (October 1, 2002); (9) Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People’s Republic of China (January 1, 2008); (10) Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law of the People’s Republic of China (revised on June 29, 2013); (11) Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (revised on June 29, 2013); (12) Environment Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China (September 1, 2003); (13) Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China (January 1, 2009); (14) Ordinance on Administration for Environmental Protection of Construction Projects, 42 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 253th Order of the State Council (November 29, 1998); (15) Classification Catalogue for Environmental Impact Assessement of Construction Projects, Ministry’s Order No. 33 (April 20, 2015); (16) Notice on Issuing Interim Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessement (HF[2006]No. 28), State Environmental Protection Administration, February 14, 2006; (17) Catalogue for Guiding Industrial Restructuring (2011 Version), Decision of the National Development and Reform Commission on Amending the Relevant Entries under the Catalogue for Guiding Industrial Restructuring (2011 Version); (18) Policy for Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Technique; (19) Management Measures for Transfer of Hazardous Waste (October 1, 1999); (20) Notice on Implementing Measures for Environmental Pollution Prevention during Relocation Process of Enterprises (HB [2004] No. 47); (21) Measures for Prevention and Control of Pollution from Discarded Hazardous Chemicals (Order of SEPA No. 27, 2005); (22) Opinions on Strengthening Soil Pollution Prevention and Control (HF[2008]No. 48); (23) Notice on Guaranteeing Environmental Safety at the Re-developed Sites of Industrial Enterprises (HF[2012]No.140); (24) Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening the Focus of Environmental Protection Work (GF[2011]No. 35); (25) Notice on Enhancing the Management on Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations (June 21, 1993); (26) Announcement on Issuing the Guidelines for Environmental Assessment and Restoration at the Sites of Industrial Enterprises (Trial) (Ministry of Environmental Protecton, Announcement No. 78, 2014); (27) Notice on Enhancing Pollution Control during Shut-down, Relocation and Original Site Redevelopment of Industrial Enterprises (HF[2014] No. 66); 2.1.2 Local Regulations and Documents on Environmental Protection (1) Regulations on Environmental Protection Management of Hunan Province (May 27, 2013); (2) Measures for Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects in Hunan Province (October 1, 2007); 43 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA (3) Regulation for Water Pollution Control in Xiang River River Basin of Hunan Province; (4) Measures for Environmental Protection of Eco-economy Zone at Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan Section of Xiang River River (September 1, 2013); (5) Division of Surface Water Environmental Function Area for Main Water Systems in Hunan Province (DB43/023-2005); (6) Decision of People’s Government in Hunan Province on the Implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection (XZF[2006]No. 23); (7) Opinions of CPC Hunan Provincial Committee and People’s Government in Hunan Province on Vigorously Developing Circular Economy and Building Resource-saving and Environment-friendly Society (XF [2006]No. 14); (8) Decision of People’s Government in Hunan Province on Announcing the Catalogue of Cancelled, Decentralized and Reserved Administrative Licensing Items at the Provincial Level, Order No. 271 of People’s Government of Hunan Province; (9) Notice of Zhuzhou Environmental Protection Bureau on Issuing Relevant Provisions for Environmental Management of Construction Projects in Zhuzhou (ZHB[2015]No. 12); (10) Water Environmental Function Zoning in Zhuzhou (ZZF[2003]No. 8, June 4, 2003); (11) Ambient Air Quality Function Zoning in Zhuzhou (ZZF[1997]No. 46, March 18, 1997); (12) Notice of Zhuzhou Environmental Protection Bureau on Issuing Acoustic Environmental Function Zoning in the Downtown Area of Zhuzhou (ZHB[2013]No. 125, November 4, 2013); (13) Notice of People’s Government of Zhuzhou City on Issuing the Management Measures for Drinking Water Source Protection in Zhuzhou Urban Section of Xiang River River (ZZBF [2011]No. 17, February 25, 2011) 2.1.3 Relevant Planning for Social, Economic Development, Environmental Protection and Heavy Metal Pollution Control (1) The “Twelveth Five-Year Plan” for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution; (2) Regional Planning of Chang-Zhu-Tan City Cluster (2012~2020); (3) Implementation Scheme for Circular Economy of Qingshuitang Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou (August 2009); (4) Comprehensive Planning for Environmental Pollution Control in Qingshuitang Industrial 44 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Zone (2008~2010); (5) Planning for Qingshuitang Circular Economy Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou City (China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Shanghai Branch, June 2009); (6) Special Planning for Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Xiang River River Basin, November 2009; (7) Implementation Plan for Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Xiang River River Basin, March 2011; (8) Urban Master Planning for Zhuzhou City (2006~2020); (9) Conceptural Planning for New Ecological Town in Qingshui Lake of Zhuzhou City; (10) Regulatory Planning for Core Zone of Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City (2012); (11) The “Twelveth Five-Year Plan” for Environmental Protection in Zhuzhou City (2011~2015); (12) The “Twelveth Five-Year Plan” for Soil Environmental Protection in Zhuzhou City (2011~2015); 2.1.4 Technical Guidelines and Specifications (1) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment – General (HJ2.1-2011); (2) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment –Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2008); (3) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment –Surface Water Environment (HJ/T2.3-93); (4) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment –Acoustic Environment (HJT2.4-2009); (5) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment – Ecological Environment (HJ19-2011); (6) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Projects (HJ/T169-2004); (7) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment – Underground Water (HJ610-2011); (8) Technical Guidelines for Hazardous Waste Disposal (HJ 2042-2014); (9) Terms for Contaminated Sites (HJ 682-2014); (10) Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Survey (HJ 25.1-2014); 45 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA (11) Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Monitoring (HJ 25.2-2014 replacing HJ/T 25-1999); (12) Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites (HJ 25.3-2014 replacing HJ/T 25-1999); (13) Technical Guidelines for Soil Remediation of Contaminated Sites (HJ 25.4-2014 replacing HJ/T 25-1999); (14) Technical Specification for Solid Waste Disposal Coordinated by Cement Kiln (HJ 662- 2013) 2.1.5 Other Documents (1) Power of Attorney; (2) Feasibility Study Report of World Bank Financed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project, prepared by Hunan International Engineering Consulting Center and Hunan New World Science & Technology Co., Ltd.; (3) Environmental Survey Report of Xiangshiling Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2012, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences); (4) Environmental Survey Report of Qingshi Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2012, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences); (5) Environmental Survey Report of Tongtangwan Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2012, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences); (6) Shall groundwater quality investigation report of Qingshuitang industrial area (2012, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (7) Soil Pollution Survey Report of Tongxia Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2011, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (8) Soil Pollution Survey Report of Qingshui Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2011, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (9) Soil Pollution Survey Report of Yingfeng Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); 46 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA (10) Soil Pollution Survey Report of Qingshui Lake Sub-region Zone I in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (11) Soil Pollution Survey Report of Qingshui Lake Sub-region Zone II in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (12) Special Report for Groundwater Environment Impact Assessement of Qingshuitang Circular Economy Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou City (2014, Coalfield Geology Bureau of Hunan Province); (13) Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Tongxia Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2012, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (14) Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Qingshui Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2012, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (15) Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Yingfeng Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (16) Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Qingshui Lake Sub-region Zone I in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (17) Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Qingshui Lake Sub-region Zone II in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection); (18) Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Xiangshiling Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences); (19) Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Tongtangwan Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences); (20) Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Qingshi Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (2014, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences); (21) Approval of Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Tongxia Sub-region in 47 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (XHH [2012]No. 104); (22) Approval of Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Qingshui Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City (XHH [2012]No. 105); (23) Reply Letter of Zhuzhou Environmental Protection Bureau on Standards for Remediation of Soil, Pond and Channel in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone; (24) Zhuzhou Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Approval of Tiancheng Chemical Plant Risk Assessnent Report 2.2 Safeguards Policies of World Bank (1) OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment; (2) OP/BP4.04 Natural Habitats; (3) OP/BP4.11 Physical Cultural Resources; (4) OP/BP4.12 Involuntary Resettlement. 2.3 Compliance Analysis 2.3.1 Ten Safeguards Policies of World Bank and Compliance Analysis The World Bank has formulated 10 safeguard policies in aspects of society and environment. According to the nature and layout of this construction project, as well as evaluation scope and field survey of this environmental impact assessment, those policies involved in this project have been screened out, as shown in Table 2.3-1. 48 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 2.3-1Compliance analysis of this project to the safeguard policies of the World Bank No. Safeguard policies Applicable Compliance - Category A project; - The Environmental Impact Assessment and OP/BP4.01 Environmental Management Plan, including an ESMF 1 Environmental Yes has been prepared. Assessment - As a part of the environmental impact assessment, two rounds of public consultations have been carried out; This policy is applicable to this project. The construction and OP/BP4.04 2 Yes operation of this project have potential negative effects on Natural Habitat terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the project area. This policy is not applicable. The project will not subsidize OP/BP4.36 those activities causing significant change or degradation of 3 No Forest important forest areas or natural habitats defined in this policy. This policy is not applicable. The project will not purchase OP/BP4.09 any pesticides, nor lead to increased pesticide usage. 4 No Pest Management According to this policy, we do not need to take relevant measures. The project area has graves, Dawang Temple, Wuniang Temple and other cultural resources. The graves and Dawang Temple are located in several hills of the project area, and the Wuniang Temple is outside the restoration area. The already designed project activities will not impact these OP/BP4.11 resources. For precautionary purpose and other potential 5 Physical Cultural Yes remediatiopn activities that are covered by the ESMF, the Resources policy is triggered. Relevant measures to avoid any impacts have been incorporated into the Environmental Management Plan. The chance-finds procedures have been included in the Environmental Management Plan. OP/BP4.37 This policy is not applicable. No dams exists in the project 6 No Dam Safety area. OP/BP4.10 No indigenous people lives in the project area, or this project 7 No Indigenous peoples has no impacts on indigenous people. OP/BP4.12 The resettlement policy is applicable, and Resettlement 8 Involuntary Yes Action Plan has been prepared. Resettlement OP/BP7.50 Projects on This policy is not applicable. This project does not involve 9 No International any international waterways. Waterways OP/BP7.60 This policy is not applicable. This project does not involve 10 Projects in Disputed No any disputed area. Area 49 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 2.3.2 Compliance analysis of this project to WBG Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety The Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety of the World Bank also applies to this project. Mitigation measures included in the Environmental Management Plan of this project are in full compliance with the requirements of the above Guidelines (particularly those contents related to construction management). It should be noted that the contents of Guidelines are consistent with Chinese laws, regulations, policies and construction management guidelines. 50 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 2.3-2Compliance analysis of this project to Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety of the World Bank Compliance of Environmental Impact Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety of the Assessment or Environmental World Bank Management Plan Dust or particulate matter (PM) are the most common During the construction and operation of this pollutants in unorganized emissions. Certain operations (such project, appropriate measures will be taken to as transport and open-air storage of solid materials) and control the dust, such as coverage, water uncovered soil surface (including non-paved roads) will spray, or increasing the moisture content of release particulate matter. The recommended prevention and outdoor material stack, spraying water to control techniques for these emission sources include: taking control the dust produced by material measures to control the dust, such as coverage, water spray, or delivery on paved or unpaved roads. These increasing the moisture content of outdoor material stack, or measures are in compliance with the adopting dust-control equipment, including the use of bag- Guideline. type dust collector or cyclone dust collector for air extraction and processing at material handling sites, e.g. conveyors or material warehouse; spraying water to control the dust produced by material delivery on paved or unpaved roads. It is not recommended to use oil and oil by-products to control road dust. Industrial wastewater: relevant process and engineering This project will take measures to pretreat measures should be taken to minimize the phase transfer of wastewater generated by the project, deliver pollutants, such as transfer from liquid to air, soil or unrecyclable wastewater to the sewage underground. treatment plant. Anti-seepage measures will If rainwater treatment is needed to protect the water quality, it be taken for pipelines and processing is necessary to give priority to the management and treatment facilities, so as to reduce the transfer of of initial rainwater runoff, because initial runoff often contains pollutants. large amounts of potential contaminants. This project will collect the initial rainwater at the curing yard during construction period. If the noise generated by project facilities or construction This project will select low-noise equipment activities at the most sensitive point of reception is expected and install vibration isolation devices in to exceed the relevant noise standards, then noise prevention mechnical equipment; and control measures should be adopted. The operation time of particular equipment or operations will be restricted, especially the mobile noise sources in the community; Project construction and demolition: during the process of The impacts of project construction and new project development, completion of the project life cycle demolition have been listed in the and expansion or modification of existing project facilities, Environmental Management Plan and the impact of this project on the health and safety of the mitigation measures. community should be avoided and controlled. EHS guieline on Solid Waste Management Faciliteis Design, construction and operation of project solid waste management faciliteis have into account the guidelines 2.3.3 Compliance analysis of this project to national laws, regulations and industrial policies The Environmental Impact Assessment document is prepared in full accordance with national laws regulations and guidelines. The compliance of this project to relevant domestic legislations is shown in Table 2.3-3. 51 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 2.3-3Compliance of this project to national laws and regulations Chinese laws and Relevant provisions Compliance regulations A complete EIA report has been prepared Environment Impact by qualified institutions and approved by The environmental impact assessment shall be conducted in accordance with this law on the Assessment Law of Zhuzhou Shifeng Environmental projects that may affect the environment and be built in the territory of the People’s Republic of the People’s Protection Bureau. China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China. Republic of China Two rounds of public consultations have been carried out. Article 50: People’s governments at various levels shall allocate funds in the budget to support environmental protection work, such as drinking water source protection in rural areas, domestic sewage and other waste disposal, pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding and slaughter, soil pollution prevention and rural industrial pollution control, etc. The project includes the remediation of Article 32: The country shall enhance the protection of air, water and soil, establish and improve Environmental contaminated soil, and conforms to the relevant survey, monitoring, evaluation and restoration system. Protection Law of provisions for soil remediation and Article 33: Governments at all levels shall strengthen the protection of agricultural environment, the People’s pollution prevention stipulated in promote the use of new technologies for agricultural environmental protection, enhance the Republic of China Environmental Protection Law of the monitoring and early warning of agricultural pollution, coordinate relevant departments to take People’s Republic of China. measures to prevent ecological disruption, such as soil pollution, land desertification, salinization, impoverishment, stony desertification, land subsidence, vegetation destruction, soil erosion, eutrophication, water depletion and species extinction, and also promote comprehensive prevention and control of plant pests. The project area has graves, Dawang Temple, Wuniang Temple and other Article 32:In the course of construction of a project or agricultural production, all units and cultural resources. The graves and individuals that discover cultural relics shall keep the scene intact and immediately report to the Dawang Temple are located in the local administrative department for cultural relics; after receiving the report, the department shall, mountain area of the project site, and Cultural Relics except under special circumstances, rush to the scene within 24 hours and put forth its proposals Wuniang Temple is also outside the Protection Law of on the handling of the matter within seven days. The administrative department for cultural relics restoration area. The project construction the People’s may report to the local peoples government; requesting it to inform the public security organ of does not involve these physical cultural Republic of China the matter and to seek its assistance in keeping the scene intact; and where important cultural resources, and relevant measures to avoid relics are discovered, the matter shall immediately be reported to the administrative department its impact have been incorporated into the for cultural relics under the State Council, which shall put forth its proposal on the handling of Environmental Management Plan. the matter within 15 days after receiving the report. The procedures for accidental discovery have been established in the Environmental Management Plan. 52 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Chinese laws and Relevant provisions Compliance regulations Notice on Enhancing the Management on When preparing the environmental impact assessment of financed project, attention shall be paid Environmental to the connection of domestic and overseas procedures in time sequence. The preparation and Impact Assessment approval of EIA Outline shall be completed during the preparation stage of the project loaned by The EIA Report and Environmental of Construction international financial organizations. While submitting the EIA Outline to the environmental Management Plan conform to the Projects Financed by protection department, construction unit shall simutaneously submit the EIA Outline to relevant safeguard policies of the World Bank. International international financial organization for suggestions, and timely submit the feedback to the Financial environmental protection department that is responsible for approving the report of this project. Organizations Risk assessment and remediation system shall be established for contaminated soil. If the original site after relocation of polluting enterprises and other potentially contaminated land will be redeveloped and utilized, the environmental protection department shall urge the responsible units or individuals to carry out a risk assessment of contaminated soil, confirm the responsible unit and technical requirements of soil remediation measures, supervise soil remediation on the contaminated site, and reduce the risk of land reuse, especially reuse as residential land, to human health. Opinions on The original production and operation units shall be responsible for remediating soil and The project has carried out risk Strengthening Soil groundwater pollution caused by remaining pollutants and restoring soil functions. Supervision assessment of contaminated soil in Pollution Prevention and inspection shall be enhanced on key industries and enterprises, such as chemical, accordance with the relevant provisions, and Control electroplating, oil storage industries. Any soil pollution problem shall be timely handled. If and conducted soil remediation in line (HF[2008]No. 48) regional or centralized industrial land will be changed into other uses, the local environmental with the provisions of this document. protection department shall urge the relevant units to conduct risk assessment on the contaminated sites, and use the risk assessment conclusions as an important basis for EIA. Meanwhile, relevant departments shall carry out environmental impact assessment in accordance with the law, and inspect the environmental impact assessment documents according to established procedures. With respect to those sites that fail to pass the environmental impact assessment in accordance with the law, the environmental protection department shall not approve the environmental impact assessment document of the project site. 53 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Chinese laws and Relevant provisions Compliance regulations The Qingshuitang industrial area where the project locates is listed as the pilot Fourthly, the contaminated sites shall be restored. Local environmental protection departments at area of national heavy metal pollution Notice on all levels shall coordinate with relevant departments under the leadership of the local government remediation program in the Guaranteeing to conduct remediation work on contaminated sites based on local conditions, and give priority to Implementation Plan for Heavy Metal Environmental those contaminated sites with significant threats to living environment and safe drinking water; Pollution Remediation in the Xiang River Safety at the Re- urge responsible personnel to take quarantine measures to prevent the spread of contaminants at River Basin. The contaminated soil in the developed Sites of contaminated sites. Only after the contaminated sites remediation is completed and can meet project area is redeveloped after Industrial Enterprises environmental requirements, the site can be put into use. Those contaminated sites without remediation, which is in line with Notice (HF[2012]No.140) remediation are prohibited to be redeveloped and constructed with any projects expect for soil on Guaranteeing Environmental Safety at remediation. the Re-developed Sites of Industrial Enterprises (HF[2012]No.140). This project does not belong to the Catalogue for encouraged, restricted and eliminated Guiding Industrial projects defined in the Catalogue. This - Restructuring project is in line with Catalogue for (Revised in 2013) Guiding Industrial Restructuring (Revised in 2011). Implementation Plan This Implementation Plan covers a total of 927 projects, with a total investment of 59.5 billion This project belongs to soil remediation for Heavy Metal yuan. Of all these projects, 17 projects are located in Qingshuitang industrial area, including project at heavy metal contaminated sites Pollution Control in Qingshuitang industrial wastewater treatment and utilization project, comprehensive control in the key area included in the Xiang River River project of waste residue containing heavy metals, and soil remediation project at heavy metal Implementation Plan. Basin contaminated sites, etc. In accordance with the “Twelveth Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution” approved by the State Council and “Implementation Plan for Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Xiang River River Basin”, the comprehensive control of heavy metal pollution shall be enhanced, and detailed implementation plan for key control area shall be This project belongs to heavy metal The “Twelveth Five- prepared. Focus shall be given to Zhuzhou Smelter Group’s project of Kivcet direct lead smelting sediment control project in Qingshuitang Year Plan” for process in place of sintering blast lead smelting process, comprehensive control project of air Industrial Zone, and conforms to the Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, heavy metal sediment control project in Qingshuitang “Twelveth Five-Year Plan” for Protection in Industrial Zone, comprehensive control project of waste gas and wastewater produced by heavy Environmental Protection in Zhuzhou Zhuzhou City metal enterprises in Chaling Youxian, comprehensive control project of heavy metals prduced by City. ceramic pigment industry in Liling, resident resettlement project in areas polluted by heavy metals, so as to gradually eliminate risks of heavy metal pollution and ensure environmental safety. 54 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 3 Site Investigation 3.1 Land use types of the project area The project area is located in the southern part of Qingshuitang Industrial Zone (QIZ) in the Shifeng District, with an area of approximately 8.48 km2. The project area has a total of 19 land use types, among which urban construction land is mainly in the eastern and northern parts of the project area, woodland and grassland are mainly located in the western part of the project area, as shown in Table 3.1-1 and Figure3.1-1. Table 3.1-1Proportion of each land use type in the project area No. Land type Area(m2) Proportion (%) 1 Mining site 237824 2.80 2 Urban area 3171502 37.40 3 Village 1354398 15.97 4 Scenic spots and special land 1354 0.02 5 Highway land 99948 1.18 6 Ditch 62662 0.74 7 Dry land 315022 3.71 8 River 9906 0.12 9 Pond 255112 3.01 10 Uncovered land 70702 0.83 11 Inland beach 8551 0.10 12 Other grassland 1150860 13.57 13 Other woodland 220319 2.60 14 Land for hydraulic construction 171334 2.02 15 Paddy field 89446 1.05 16 Railway land 2728 0.03 17 Woodland 1079612 12.73 18 Fruit garden 609 0.01 19 Marshland 178290 2.10 Total 8480181 100.00 Combining the general layout of land use provided by Land and Resources Bureau of Zhuzhou City and the actual site situation, we have divided the 19 land use types within the perspective of environmental governance into five broad categories: this is to facilitate the drawing up & implementing of sampling programs, to simplify subsequent description of follow-up relevant chapters, and to optimize the selection of governance roadmap. (1) Industrial land: 1,536,220m2, accounting for 18.1% of the total land; (2) Residential land: 3,501,516 m2, accounting for 41.3% of the total land; (3) Farmland and wasteland: 1,626,639 m2, accounting for 19.2 of the total land; 55 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA (4) Woodland: 3,501,516 m2, accounting for 15.3% of the total land; (5) Water area: 514,521 m2, accounting for 6.1% of the total land. According to the No.748 Letter sent by the Ministry of Land and Resources in November 2008, the contaminated land in Qingshuitang area is not suitable for crop planting, and it is required to change land classification, and the members in the collective economic organization in the land shall be correspondingly relocated and compensated. According to the document published by the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2009, the agricultural land within the range of 6.7 square kilometers in the core zone of Qingshuitang area shall be transformed into construction land in one time, the residents in the communities and villages governed by Tongtangwan Office shall be changed into urban residents and be brought into the network of urban resident employment and social security, and the land contracted by the original economic organization hasn’t been the income source of the residents in the area. 56 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure3.1-1Map of current land use in the project area 57 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA During the preparation stage of the project, we carried out detailed land utilization survey and environmental site investigation . According to the overall planning and administrative division of QIZ, the project area is divided into seven sub-regions, including Xiangshiling, Qingshi, Tongtangwan, Tongxia, Qingshui, Yingfeng, and Qingshui Lake. The sub-region division is shown in Figure5.2-1. During the period of 2011~2012, the Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Contaminated Sites, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted environmental surveys on farmland soil, agricultural products, shallow groundwater, surface water and sediment in Tongtangwan, Xiangshiling and Qingshi Sub-regions of QIZ in Zhuzhou, and completed the preparation of the following reports:  Environmental Survey Report of Tongtangwan Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City;  Environmental Survey Report of Xiangshiling Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City;  Environmental Survey Report of Qingshi Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City;  Environmental Survey Report of Shallow Groundwater in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone During the period of 2011~2014, the Center for Survey, Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection conducted soil surveys in Tongxia, Qingshui, Yingfeng, Qingshui Lake No. I and Qingshui Lake Sub-region Zone IIs of QIZ, and completed the preparation of the following reports:  Soil Pollution Survey Report of Tongxia Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City;  Soil Pollution Survey Report of Qingshui Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City;  Soil Pollution Survey Report of Yingfeng Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City;  Soil Pollution Survey Report of Qingshui Lake Sub-region Zone I in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City;  Soil Pollution Survey Report of Qingshui Lake Sub-region Zone II in Qingshuitang 58 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City In 2014, the project owner and the project FSR consultant Hunan New World Science & Technology Co., Ltd. conducted detailed land use survey on the projevct area. Further environmental survey was carried out on closed enterprises, pond (channels), waste piles and open soil in residential area of the project area. The survey’s sampling process is in strict accordance with Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Survey (HJ 25.1-2014), Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Monitoring (HJ 25.2-2014), Technical Specifications for Soil Environmental Monitoring (HJ/T166-2004) and Technical Specifications for Surface Water and Wastewater Monitoring (HJT 91-2002). In December 2014, the project EIA unit, i.e. the EIA Center of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection entrusted Changsha Environmental Protection College to monitor the surface water environment of the project area, and collect the monitoring data of water intake section at No. 3 Water Plant during the period of 2012-2014 and monitoring data of Xiawan (control section) at Zhuzhou section of Xiang River River during the period of 2010-2013 from Zhuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Station, as shown in Status quo of Surface Water Environment in Section 9.4.2. In October 2014, Geophysical Survey Team of Coalfield Geology Bureau of Hunan Province conducted a survey on groundwater environment in the project area and prepared Special Report for Groundwater Environment Impact Assessement of Qingshuitang Circular Economy Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou City. This section will present the survey data and conclusions of the above survey units. 3.2 Current Land Use in the Project Area 3.2.1 Current Land Use in Xiangshiling Sub-region Xiangshiling Sub-region covers a total area of 1.24 km2, located in the easternmost part of the project area. The location of this sub-region is shown in Figure3.2-1. The main land types in Xiangshiling Sub-region are plant site and residential area. The plant site covers an area of 0.57km2, accounting for 50% of the total sub-region area. The most area is occupied by Zhuzhou Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. in the southern part and Yujiaping Oil Depot in the north of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan International Logistics Railway. The residential area is 0.35km2, concentrated in the central and northern parts of the sub-region. Tongxia Road 59 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA passes through the central residential area from east to west. The site photos of this sub-region are shown in Figure3.2-2. Project area Xiangshiling Figure3.2-1Map of Xiangshiling Sub-region 60 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA a. Vegetable field in Xiangshiling Sub- b. Pond in Xiangshiling Sub-region region c. Residential area in Xiangshiling Sub- d. Part of Tongda Smelting Plant region e. Drilling core of Tongda Smelting Plant f. Part of Tiancheng Chemical Plant 61 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA g. Drilling core of Tiancheng Chemical i. Excavated section of Tiancheng Chemical Plant Plant Figure3.2-2Site photos of Xiangshiling Sub-region (2014) 3.2.2 Current Land Use in Qingshi Sub-region Qingshi Sub-region covers a total area of 1.21 km2, located in the eastern part of the QIZ. The location of this sub-region is shown in Figure3.2-3. The western and northern boundaries of this sub-region are close to Zhuzhou Smelter Group Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Chemical Plant (closed) and Liuhua Guicheng Chemical Co., Ltd. (the original Zhicheng Company), and the eastern boundary is adjacent to Xiangshiling Sub-region. This sub-region is an industrial cluster for metallurgical, chemical and building material industries in the QIZ. The site photos of this sub-region are shown in Figure3.2-4. 62 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Qingshi Figure3.2-3Map of Qingshi Sub-region 63 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA a. Vegetable field in Qingshi Sub-region b. Pond in Qingshi Sub-region c. Waste residue in Qingshi Sub-region d. Drilling core of waste pile e. Excavated section of waste pile f. Part of Dongtai Industry Co., Ltd. g. Excavated section of Dongtai Industry Co., Ltd. i. Water well in residential area Figure3.2-4Site photos of Qingshi Sub-region (2014) 64 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Qingshi Sub-region is a region dominated by metallurgical, chemical and building material industries. The industrial enterprises are concentrated in the region, covering an area of about 0.71 km2. The treatment of waste pile in the central area of the region has been completed. The residential area is about 0.16 km2, concentrated in the central and northwestern parts of the region. Water ponds are scattered in the surrounding area of the plant and residential buildings. 3.2.3 Current Land Use in Tongtangwan Sub-region Tongtangwan Sub-region covers a total area of 1.23 km2, located in the southern part of the QIZ and adjacent to Xiang River River. The location of this sub-region is shown in Figure3.2-5. The southern boundary of this sub-region is Xiang River Dyke, and northern boundary is adjacent to Qingshui, Tongxia, Qingshi and Xiangshiling sub-regions. The entire sub-region is in the shape of horizontal strip. Its western boundary is adjacent to Qingshui Lake Sub-region. The Xiawan Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel passes through the southwest corner of the sub-region and flows into Xiang River River. The eastern boundary is Xiangtian West Road. The site photos of this sub-region are shown in Figure3.2-6. Tongtangwan Figure3.2-5Map of Tongtangwan Sub-region 65 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA a. Vegetable field in Tongtangwan Sub- b. Pond in Tongtangwan Sub-region region c. Drilling core d. Residential area Figure3.2-6 Site photos of Tongtangwan Sub-region (2014) Tongtangwan Sub-region is covered by a large area of farmland and residential buildings, among which the residential area is about 0.23 km2 and concentrated in the central area near Dahu Zone and northeastern area near Zhuzhou Steel & Iron Co., Ltd. A number of water ponds covering an area of about 0.09 km2 are scattered in the residential area, covering a total area of 0.14 km2 along with vegetable field and wasteland. These fields are concentrated in the western part of the sub-region and generally left uncultivated. Since Tongtangwan Sub- region is adjacent to Xiang River River, this sub-region has many sandpits. The central part of the sub-region is a Dahu. Site remediation field, Dahu treatment site and Xiawan treatment site have been estalished in the sub-region. 3.2.4 Current Land Use in Tongxia Sub-region Tongxia Sub-region covers a total area of 1.05 km2. The location of this sub-region is shown in Figure3.2-7. This sub-region is generally covered by mountains, houses, vegetables, factories, mines and water ponds. Houses cover an area of 0.27km2, accounting for 25.72% of the total area of the sub-region and mainly concentrated in the southern part; the waters cover 66 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA an area of 0.14km2, accounting for 13.33% of the total area of the sub-region and scattered in southwestern and southeastern parts; mountains cover an area of 0.09km2, accounting for 8.57% of the total area and mainly concentrated in the northern part; vegetable field and idle land cover an area of 0.55km2, accounting for 52.38% of the total area. The site photos of this sub-region are shown in Figure3.2-8. Tongxia Figure3.2-7Map of Tongxia Sub-region a. Vegetable field in Tongxia Sub-region b. Villages in Tongxia Sub-region 67 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA c. Roadside ditches and sporadic d. Industrial residue pile vegetable field in Tongxia Sub-region f. Heavy metal pollution remediation e. Yingfeng community base besides the cement brick plant i. Wasteland in Tongxia Sub-region (in g. Bare mountainous area the north of Xinqiao waste pile) 68 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA j. Wasteland in the southwest of Tongxia h. Bank of Xiawangang (remote area is Sub-region Hongji Zinc Plant) Figure3.2-8Site photos of Tongxia Sub-region (2011) 3.2.5 Current Land Use in Qingshui Sub-region Qingshui Sub-region covers a total area of 1.06 km2, located in the western part of the QIZ. The location of this sub-region is shown in Figure3.2-9. This sub-region is an area that is concentrated with industrial enterprises, and also a transition area from industrial zone to agricultural land. The southern part of Qingshui Sub-region is adjacent to Tongxia Sub-region, its eastern boundary is about 300 m away from Zhuzhou Smelter Group, northern boundary is about 500 m away from the railway, western boundary is about 1200 m away from the railway, and southern boundary is about 800 m from the north bank of Xiang River River. The sub- region and the surrounding area are mainly rural residential area, along with farmland, ponds, woodlands and a few small businesses. The area between the eastern boundary and Zhuzhou Smelter Group is mainly rural residential area, scattered with industrial land, mines, vegetable field, ponds and woodland. The southern, northern and western parts of the sub-region have simple land use types, mostly farmland and mountain (forest) land. Houses cover an area of 0.09km2, accounting for 8.49% of the total area of the sub- region and mainly concentrated in the southwestern part; the waters cover an area of 0.10km 2, accounting for 9.43% of the total area of the sub-region; mountains cover an area of 0.25km2, accounting for 23.58% of the total area and mainly concentrated in the northern and western parts; vegetable field and idle land cover an area of 0.62km2, accounting for 58.49% of the total area. In addition, a limestone open-pit mine is located in the center of the sub-region, covering an area of 0.0224 km2. The mountainous area in the eastern boundary of the sub- region is mining area, and the southeastern corner of this sub-region is Xinqiao waste pile. The site photos of this sub-region are shown in Figure3.2-10. 69 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Qingshui Figure3.2-9Map of Qingshui Sub-region a. Paddy field in the center of b. Marshland in the mid-south of Qingshui Sub-region Qingshui Sub-region c. Vegetable field in the southeast of d. Wasteland of Qingshui Sub-region Qingshui Sub-region (remote area is Zhuzhou Smelter) 70 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA e. Vegetable field in the north of f. Wasteland in the mid-south of Qingshui Sub-region Qingshui Sub-region g. Abandoned field besides Tongxia h. Rural residential area in Qingshui Road Sub-region Figure3.2-10 Site photos of Qingshui Sub-region (2011) 3.2.6 Current Land Use in Yingfeng Sub-region Yingfeng Sub-region covers a total area of 0.90 km2. Yingfeng Sub-region is divided into zone A and zone B. The location of this sub-region is shown in Figure3.2-12. Zone A is in the northern part of the QIZ (Figure3.2-11). The northern part of this zone is adjacent to Wuhan- Guangzhou high-speed rail, and the northern boundary is about 50m from the railway. The southern part of this sub-region is adjacent to Qingshui Sub-region and Tongxia Sub-region. The eastern boundary is Tongxia Road passing from north to south, while western boundary is irrigation canals with outside woodland. Zone B is in the westernmost part of the QIZ. The eastern part of this zone is adjacent to Qingshui Sub-region, and an irrigation canal is in the south of eastern boundary. The western boundary is about 100m from Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail, and the area between western boundary and Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail is mainly woodland, vegetable field and some rural residential area. The southern part of this zone is near vegetable fields. The main land use types of the northern part of zone B are woodland, ponds and rural residential area, as well as a waste pile. The site photos of this sub- region are shown in Figure3.2-13. 71 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure3.2-11Map of Yingfeng Sub-region Yingfeng Figure3.2-12 Partition map of Yingfeng Sub-region (1) Zone A A half of zone A is paddy field, which is distributed in western and northern flat regions. 72 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Qingxia Road passes through the northern part of the paddy field. The other half is woodland, rural residential area and water ponds, which are located in the eastern and southern hilly areas. Rural residential area is at the foothills, while water ponds are distributed in low-lying areas. Its eastern part is a cement plant and quarry (Figure3.2-13 a). Due to limited sampling conditions, this quarry is not included in the survey scope. Zhuzhou Smelter Group is in the east of the quarry. The woodland is well covered by vegetation and thickly growing grass. The mountain topsoil is generally covered with vegetation, dry branches, fallen leaves and humus (Figure3.2-13 b). (2) Zone B The land use types of zone B are mainly woodland, rural residential area, grassland, ponds and waste pile. The northern part of this zone is well covered by vegetation (Figure3.2-13c)., with thickly growing grass, fallen leaves and humus covered on topsoil. The rural residential area is distributed surrounding mountainous region. Most buildings are 2-3 storey houses built by rural residents themselves. The central part of this zone is col, along with water ponds and vegetable fields. A waste pile enclosed by fence is in the northern mountainous region of this zone. Beyond southern fence of the waste pile is a water pond (Figure3.2-13d). . a) Cement plant in the eastern part of b) Mountainous region in the eastern part zone A (the building belongs to the of zone A cement plant) c) Mountainous region in the northern d) Southern part of waste pile in zone B part of zone B (Waste pile is on the left side) Figure3.2-13Site photos of Yingfeng Sub-region (2014) 73 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 3.2.7 Current Land Use in Qingshuihu Sub-region The Qingshuihu Sub-region is divided into zone I and zone II. The location of this sub- region is shown inFigure3.2-14. Qingshuihu Figure3.2-14Map of Qingshuihu Sub-region 3.2.7.1 Qingshuihu Zone I Qingshuihu Zone I is located in the middle of western part of the QIZ. Its eastern boundary is adjacent to Qingshui Sub-region, while the western boundary is about 100m from the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail. The area between western boundary and Wuhan- Guangzhou high-speed rail is mainly woodland, farmland and some rural residential area. The southern boundary is near Qingshuihu Zone II. The northern boundary is close to Yingfeng Sub-region. The main land-use types of Qingshuihu Zone I are farmland and woodland, surrounded by rural residential areas. Its eastern boundary is Tongxia Road from south to north, while western boundary is an irrigation canal that is about 600m from memorial park surrounded by woodland. The total area of Qingshuihu Zone I is 0.72km2. The division of Qingshuihu Zone I is shown in Figure3.2-15. 74 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure3.2-15Partition map of Qingshuihu Zone I During the survey, Qingshuihu Zone I is divided into 2 sub-zones, i.e. sub-zone A and subzone B. Sub-zone A covers an area of 0.45 km2, and sub-zone B covers an area of 0.27 km2. (1) Sub-zone A Sub-zone A is a narrow strip in the northern, western and southern mountainous regions. It is in the northern part of the Qingshuihu Zone I, with relatively flat terrain and slight high elevations in the north and west. The land use types are generally paddy field (Figure3.2-16 a)., scattered with two or three water ponds. During the survey, the paddy field has not been sown and accumulated with water. XB07 county road passes through the sub-zone. The sub- zone is surrounded by paddy field in the east, and rural residential areas around the mountains in other directions (Figure3.2-16 b). . (2) Sub-zone B Sub-zone B is a mountainous area in the western zone. The western boundary of this sub-zone is adjacent to Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail (Figure3.2-16c), while the southern 75 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA boundary of this sub-zone is XB07 County Road. The main land use types of this sub-zone are woodland and rural residential area. The woodland is well covered by vegetation, and rural residential buildings are mainly built in the foothills of the southern part ( Figure3.2-16d) along XB07 County Road. This sub-zone has a small number of water ponds and sporadic vegetable fields. b). Residential buildngs around mountains a). Paddy fields in Sub-zone A in Sub-zone A c). Mountainous area in the western part of d). Residential buildings in the foothills Sub-zone B (adjacent to Wuhan-Guangzhou of the southern part of Sub-zone B high-speed rail) Figure3.2-16Site photos of Qingshuihu Zone I (2014) 3.2.7.2 Qingshuihu Zone II Qingshuihu Zone II is located in the westernmost part of the QIZ. Its eastern boundary is adjacent to Qingshui Sub-region, and an irrigation canal is in the south of eastern boundary. The western boundary is about 100m from Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail, and the area between western boundary and Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail is mainly woodland, farmland and some rural residental area. The southern part of this zone is adjacent to Xiang River River, and the northern boundary is Qingshuihu Zone I. The main land use types of this zone are woodland, vegetable fields, rural residential area and water ponds. Farmland is distributed along the Xiang River River. 76 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Qingshuihu Zone II covers a total area of 1.12km2, as shown in Figure3.2-17. Figure3.2-17 Partition map of Qingshuihu Zone II During the survey, Qingshuihu Zone II is divided into 2 sub-zones, i.e. sub-zone A and sub-zone B. Sub-zone A covers an area of 0.77 km2, and sub-zone B covers an area of 0.35 km2. (1) Sub-zone A Sub-zone A is a mountanous region in the southern part of Qingshuihu Zone II. Its western boundary is adjacent to Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail, and eastern boundary is an irrigation canal (Figure3.2-18 a). . The main land-use types of this sub-zone are woodland and rural residential area. The col is distributed with water ponds and vegetable fields (Figure3.2-18 b). . The woodland is well covered by vegetation (Figure3.2-18 c). . Most rural residential buildings are distributed in the foothills of the southern part of this sub-zone, and other rural residential buildings are distributed sporadically around mountains. (2) Sub-zone B Sub-zone B is in the southernmost part of Qingshuihu Zone II. Its eastern boundary is an 77 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA irrigation canal, western boundary is Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail, southern boundary is Xiang River Dyke (Figure3.2-18 d), and northern boundary is adjacent to sub-zone A. The main land use type of this sub-zone is paddy field. During the survey, the paddy field has not been sown, accumulated with water and grown with weed. A hill in the western part of this sub-zone is adjacent to Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail. This sub-zone also has a small number of water ponds, vegetable fields and sporadic rural residential buildings (Figure3.2-18e). a). Irrigation canal at eastern boundary of b). Water ponds and vegetable fields around sub-zone A rural residential buildings in sub-zone A d). Paddy field in sub-zone B (near Wuhan- c). Mountainous region in the southern part Guangzhou high-speed rail and Xiang River of sub-zone A Dyke) e). Paddy fields in the eastern part of sub- zone B Figure3.2-18 Site photos of Qingshuihu Zone II 78 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 3.3 Site contamination investigation 3.3.1 Site survey and monitoring scheme 3.3.1.1 Soil pollution survey Soil sampling survey has been conducted in the 7 sub-regions, i.e. Yingfeng, Qingshuihu, Qingshui, Tongxia, Tongtangwan, Qingshi and Xiangshiling sub-regions. The sampling points and number of samples in 7 sub-regions are shown in Table 3.3-1. Table 3.3-1 Soil sampling points and number of samples in 7 sub-regions Number of No. Sub-region Points/number samples/number 1 Xiangshiling 12 26 2 Qingshi 26 58 3 Tongtangwan 55 117 4 Qingshui 29 83 5 Tongxia 17 53 6 Yingfeng 91 270 7 Qingshuihu 177 537 Total 407 1144 The soil sampling points of each sub-region are shown in the following figures. Yingfeng Sub-region has 91 soil sampling points, including 36 points in woodland, 9 points in paddy field, 23 points in vegetable fields and 23 points in wasteland. The soil sampling depth is generally 0.6m, and the samples are taken in three layers (0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm). The sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-1. 79 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure Sampling points in general soil Sampling points in soil profile Sampling points in water and sediment Figure3.3-1Soil sampling points in Yingfeng Sub-region Soil survey in Qingshui LakeQingshuihu Sub-region is carried out in Qingshuihu Zone I and Qingshuihu Zone II respectively. Qingshui LakeQingshuihu Zone I has 76 soil sampling points, including 18 points in woodland, 56 points in paddy field and 2 points in vegetable fields. The soil sampling depth is generally 0.6m, and the samples are taken in three layers (0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm). The sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-2. 80 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure Sampling points in general soil Sampling points in soil profile Figure3.3-2Soil sampling points in Qingshuihu Zone I Qingshui LakeQingshuihu Zone II has 101 soil sampling points. The soil sampling depth is generally 0.6m, and the samples are taken in three layers (0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm). The sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-3. 81 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure Sampling points in general soil Sampling points in soil profile Sampling points in water and sediment Figure3.3-3Soil sampling points in Qingshuihu Zone II The soil sampling points of Qingshui Sub-region are concentrated in paddy fields. The soil sampling depth is generally 0.6m, and the samples are taken in three layers (0-20cm, 20- 40cm and 40-60cm). The soil sampling depth in mountainous region is generally at 0-5cm at the surface of the soil, and soil samples are taken every 20cm below the surface soil. Qingshui Sub-region has a total of 29 sampling points and 83 soil samples. The soil sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-4. 82 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Qingshui Zone I Qingshui Zone II Qingshui Zone III Qingshui Zone IV Figure Sampling points Figure3.3-4 Soil sampling points in Qingshui Sub-region In terms of soil sample collection in Tongxia Sub-region, the soil sampling depth in paddy fields is generally at 0.6m, and the samples are taken in three layers (0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm). The soil sampling depth in mountainous region is generally at 0-5cm at the surface of the soil, and soil samples are taken every 20cm below the surface soil. Tongxia Sub-region has a total of 17 sampling points and 53 soil samples. The soil sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-5. 83 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Tongxia Zone I Figure Sampling points Tongxia Zone II Tongxia Zone III Figure3.3-5 Soil sampling points in Tongxia Sub-region Tongtangwan Sub-region has a total of 55 soil sampling points, including 39 points in farmland sampled in two layers of 0～20 cm and 20～50 cm, 8 points in surface soil sampled in two layers of 0～20 cm and 20～50 cm, and 8 points in soil profiles sampled in four layers of 0～20 cm, 20～50 cm, 70～80 cm and 90～100 cm. A total of 117 soil samples have been obtained. The soil sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-6. 84 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure Sampling points in crops Sampling points in farmland Sampling points in surface water/sediment Boundary of Tongtangwan Sub-region Figure3.3-6Soil sampling points in Tongtangwan Sub-region Qingshi Sub-region has a total of 26 soil sampling points, including 17 points in farmland sampled in two layers of 0～20 cm and 20～50 cm, 5 points in surface soil sampled in two layers of 0～20 cm and 20～50 cm, and 4 points in deep soil sampled in four layers of 0～20 cm, 20～50 cm, 70～80 cm and 90～100 cm. A total of 58 soil samples have been obtained. The soil sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-7. Figure Sampling points in crops Sampling points in farmland Sampling points in surface water/sediment Boundary of Qingshi Sub-region Figure3.3-7 Soil sampling points in Qingshi Sub-region 85 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Xiangshiling Sub-region has a total of 12 soil sampling points, including 8 points in farmland sampled in two layers of 0～20 cm and 20～50 cm, 2 points in surface soil sampled in two layers of 0～20 cm and 20～50 cm, and 2 points in deep soil sampled in four layers of 0～20 cm, 20～50 cm, 70～80 cm and 90～100 cm. A total of 26 soil samples have been obtained. The soil sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-8. Figure Sampling points in farmland Sampling points in surface water/sediment Sampling points in crops Boundary of Xiangshiling Sub-region Figure3.3-8 Soil sampling points in Xiangshiling Sub-region 3.3.1.2 Pond and Channel Pollution Survey The pond and channel pollution survey mainly covers the Old Xiawangang Channel, Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel, water ponds in Tongtangwan sub-region, water ponds in Qingshui sub-region and water ponds in Tongxia sub-region. Since the remediation of Xiawangang Channel and Dahu has been completed, these waters are outside the survey scope of this project. The details of sampling points are shown in Table 3.3-2. 86 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 3.3-2Basic information of ponds and channels Sampling No. Name Length/Area Location points Qingshui, Tongxia and Tongtangwan 1 Old Xiawangang 2.6 km 13 sub-regions Xinqiao Low Qingshuihu and Tongtangwan sub- 2 1.45 km 23 Discharge Channel regions Water ponds in 3 Tongtangwan sub- 83314 m2 5 Tongtangwan sub-region region Water ponds in 4 63335 m2 5 Qingshui sub-region Qingshui sub-region Water ponds in 5 68165 m2 5 Tongxia sub-region Tongxia sub-region (1) Old Xiawangang 9 sampling points are located in main channel and branch channel of the Old Xiawangang, including 7 points from which 21 sediment samples were collected and 2 points located on cement dyke of branch channel and with 2 sediment samples collected. A total of 4 sampling points are in the downstream deposition area, and 4 mixed sediment samples were collected. The sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-9. 87 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure Sampling points Old Xiawangang Figure3.3-9 Sampling points of Old Xiawangang (2) Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel Sampling survey has been carried out on the sediment and slope soil of Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel, including 18 sediment sampling points and 5 soil sampling points. The sampling points are shown in Figure3.3-10. 88 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure Sampling points Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel Figure3.3-10Sampling points of Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel (3) Ponds The pond sampling survey mainly covers water ponds in Tongtangwan sub-region, Tongxia sub-region and Qingshui sub-region. The sampling points of water ponds are shown in Figure3.3-11. 89 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure Location of ponds Water pond in Qingshui sub- region Water pond in Tongxia sub- region Water pond in Tongtangwan sub-region Figure3.3-11Sampling points of water ponds in three sub-areas 3.3.1.3 Waste piles survey Previously, the Qingshuitang industrial zone had piled a lot of waste residue. In the past years, Xinqiao waste pile, Dahu waste pile and North waste pile have been centrally treated. At the early stage of closing down polluting enterprises, the EPA ordered the closed companies to utilize or safely dispose waste residue produced by these companies. According to the waste distribution and contamination situation in the project area, a waste pile in Tongxia Sub-region needs cleanup. In addition, another waste pile is in the plant area of the close company, Zhuzhou Yongfa Metal Refining Co., Ltd. The distribution of waste piles are shown in Table 3.3-3. 90 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 3.3-3Basic information of waste piles No. Name Area/m2 Quantity/m3 Location Time Source Waste pile in Tongxia Sub- Previously 1 Tongxia Sub- 15661 81652 1982-2010 region remained region Waste pile in the Plant area of 2 1154 3000 2010-2012 plant area Yongfa Refinery Total 16815 84652 The waste pile in Tongxia Sub-region is about 550 m north of Tongxia Road. The waste pile has remained for years. The sampling survey has obtained a total of 10 residue samples. The specific location of the waste pile is shown in Figure3.3-12. Figure3.3-12Location of the waste pile in Tongxia Sub-region 91 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Waste pile in Tongxia Sub-region Waste pile in Tongxia Sub-region Waste pile in Yongfa Refinery Waste pile in Yongfa Refinery Figure3.3-13 Site photos of waste piles 3.3.1.4 Site survey on closed companies This site survey covers a total of 6 closed companies, i.e. Zhuzhou Yongfa Metal Refining Co., Ltd. (Yongfa Refinery), Zhuzhou Brothers Industry Co., Ltd. (Brothers Industry), Zhuzhou Kangli Smelting Plant (Kangli Smelter), Zhuzhou Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tiancheng Chemicals), Zhuzhou Xinda Smelting Co., Ltd. (Xinda Smelter) and Zhuzhou Hehua Cement Plant (Hehua Cement). The locations of closed companies are shown in Figure10.1-1. 3.3.1.4.1 Zhuzhou Yongfa Metal Refining Co., Ltd. Zhuzhou Yongfa Metal Refining Co., Ltd is located in the southern intersection of Tongxia Sub-region and Qingshi Sub-region. The company was established in March 2010, covering an area of 12,779.22 m2. The north of the plant area is adjacent to Hunan Haili Zhuzhou Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd that is in production, south next to Dahu in Jianshe Village. The company mainly produced secondary zinc oxide, zinc sulfate and metal indium, etc. Its geographical coordinates are 113°04′47.80″east longitude and 27°51′43.85″north latitude. In 2011, the company was included in the list of closed companies in the Implementation Plan 92 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA for Closed, Eliminated and Relocated Enterprises in Comprehensive Remediation of Urban Environment in Zhuzhou 2011. The company was shut down in October 2012. The whole plant area is in a rectangular shape, higher in the west and lower in the east, without significant height difference. The ground is generally hardened. The north of the plant site is Qingshuitang industrial wastewater treatment plant, and 100 meters west of the plant site are a small amount of residential areas. The plant is about 550 meters away from the Xiang River River. According to the Regulatory Planning for Core Zone of Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City (2012), the site is planned as park green space and non- residential land. The sampling points and site photos are shown in Figure3.3-14. Sampling Points in Yongfa Refinery Site photos of Yongfa Refinery Site photos of Yongfa Refinery Site photos of Yongfa Refinery Figure3.3-14Sampling points and site photos of Yongfa Refinery On May 9, 2014, site survey was carried out in the plant area of Yongfa Refinery and its surrounding areas. The site survey covered buildings in the plant area, production and storage 93 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA workshops, sewage treatment pond, etc. It was found out that production-related buildings had been abandoned and seriously damaged. The wastern part of the plant area is a zinc oxide rotary kiln. The ground in the plant area is generally hardened. Under an abandoned factory shed in the mid-eastern part is piled with remaining waste residue with a volume of about 3,000m3. 3.3.1.4.2 Zhuzhou Brothers Industry Co., Ltd. Zhuzhou Brothers Industrial Co., Ltd. is located in the south of Tongxia Road in the QIZ. The company was founded in November 1997, mainly producing galvanized steel and other products, and covering an area of 22,929.91m2. The plant area is surrounded by residential area and distributed with three large ponds. Its geographical coordinates are 113°04′38.11″east longitude and 27°51′54.54″ north latitude. The plant area of Brothers Industry was previously the branch plant of Zhuzhou Cotton Plant, which was leased to Brothers Industry around 1995. In 2011, the company was included in the list of closed companies in the Implementation Plan for Closed, Eliminated and Relocated Enterprises in Comprehensive Remediation of Urban Environment in Zhuzhou 2011. The company was shut down in October 2012. Most of the plant area is covered by buildings, and outdoor area is generally hardened. The sampling points and site photos are shown in Figure3.3-15. Sampling Points in Brothers Industry Site photos of Brothers Industry 94 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Site photos of Brothers Industry Site photos of Brothers Industry Figure3.3-15Sampling points and site photos of Brothers Industry Zhuzhou Brothers Industrial Co., Ltd. mainly produced galvanized steel and other products, belonging to non-metallurgical chemical companies. Since the company has been shut down, it is difficult to contact former staff or seek more information. The available documents only reveal that this company was mainly involved in galvanizing. On May 9, 2014, site survey was carried out in the plant area of this company and its surrounding areas. The site survey covered buildings in the plant area, production and storage workshops, sewage treatment pond, etc. It was found out that buildings in the plant area were in good condition. The ground in the plant area is generally hardened. No waste residue or wastewater remained in the plant area. A two-storey building is at the gate of the plant, once served as office area and now is still inhabited. The original production workshop was leased to others doing steel processing. The northwestern part of the plant area was originally the warehouse of Brother Industry, now is abandoned and surrounded by growing vegetables. According to the original production and production processes, the potential contaminants of this plant are heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As, and Zn. 3.3.1.4.3 Zhuzhou Kangli Smelting Plant Zhuzhou Kangli Smelting Plant is located in Tongxia Road, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou. The company was founded in 1994, and mainly engaged in the processing and smelting of blister copper, with annual output of about 800 tons. Its geographical coordinates are 113°04′54.10″east longitude and 27°52′01.08″north latitude. The plant was shut down in 2008. A part of plant area has been built into roads, and now the remaining plant area is 4,593.33 m2. Most of the production-related structures have been demolished in the plant. The whole site is now in the shape of inverted triangle. The eastern fence of the plant area is adjacent to Xiawangang, north adjacent to Tongxia Road, and west next to the residential area. The plant area is generally flat, slightly higher in the west. The pavement in the plant area had not been hardened. In 2011, the plant was included in the list of closed companies in the 95 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Implementation Plan for Closed, Eliminated and Relocated Enterprises in Comprehensive Remediation of Urban Environment in Zhuzhou 2011. The sampling points and site photos are shown in Figure3.3-16. Sampling Points in Kangli Smelter Site photos of Kangli Smelter Site photos of Kangli Smelter Site photos of Kangli Smelter Figure3.3-16Sampling points and site photos of Kangli Smelter Zhuzhou Kangli Smelting Plant was mainly engaged in the processing and smelting of blister copper. The raw materials in copper converting furance were mainly copper sludge, unrefined copper and copper raw materials from Zhuzhou Smelter, Shuikoushan in Hengyang, Daye in Hubei and nearby self-employed entrepreneurs. Previously, the plant had a blister copper production line, using matte residue and copper-cadmium residue pyrometallurgical method to refine blister copper. The raw material supply and the grade of copper in raw materials had a great impact on copper output. Matte residue was mainly from low-grade matte produced by large copper smelters and matte residue produced by blast furnace of crude lead smelting plants. Copper-cadmium residue was produced by purification process of zinc sulfate plants and indium smelting plants. The production capacity of the plant was 5000 t/a, and its actual output in 2007 was 4500 t. 96 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA On May 9, 2014, site survey was carried out in the plant area of Kangli Smelter and its surrounding areas. The site survey covered buildings in the plant area, production and storage workshops, sewage treatment pond, etc. It was found out that production-related buildings had been seriously damaged, and generally demolished. A sedimentation tank was in the western part of the plant area near Xiawangang. The ground in the plant area had generally not been hardened. Waste residue was piled in the central outdoor area. Temporary factory sheds were set up in the south and east side of the plant. A building at the gate of the plant is still inhabited. According to the original production and production processes, the potential contaminants of this plant are heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Cu produced during the process of blister copper smelting. 3.3.1.4.4 Zhuzhou Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd. Zhuzhou Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd. is located in the south of Tongxia Road, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou, east of Zhuzhou Steel Plant and adjacent to Xiang River River in the south. The plant covers an area of 104,813.70 m2. Its geographical coordinates are 27°51′34.25″north latitude and 113°05′38.66″east longitude. The site had been used as industrial land since 1958, and successively built as steel plant, phosphate fertilizer plant, tyre retreading plant (rubber plant) and Zhuzhou Chemical Additives Plant, with a complex land use history. Before used as industrial land, the site was a slope in hills, higher in the north and lower in the south. The height difference between its location on Tongxia Road and Xiang River River was approximately 10 meters. The site still has a railway line in normal use, passing through the site from northeastern corner to central area, and then to iron gate in the west. The north of Tiancheng Chemicals and both sides of Tongxia Roads are distributed with residential buildings and scattered vegetable fields. Outside the gate of the plant area is the comprehensive building of Zhuzhou Chemical Additives Plant. In 2003, the production workshops were gradually shut down and demolished, until the completion of demolition in 2010. Since then, the site has been abandoned. The sampling points and site photos are shown in Figure3.3-17. 97 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Sampling Points in Tiancheng Chemicals Site photos of Tiancheng Chemicals Site photos of Tiancheng Chemicals Site photos of Tiancheng Chemicals Figure3.3-17 Sampling points and site photos of Tiancheng Chemicals Zhuzhou Chemical Additives Plant was once a leading manufacturer in China in manufacturing rubber vulcanization accelerator, and the main products and production capacity of the plant are shown in the following table. Table 3.3-4Main products and annual output of Tiancheng Chemicals Products Output (t/a) Accelerator M 1000 Accelerator DM 500 Accelerator NOBS 600 Accelerator CZ 500 Accelerator TMTD 1200 Highly active spherical nickel hydroxide 250 Pollution survey data of Tiancheng Chemicals mainly includes the sample data obtained by this survey and also refers to the survey data of this site collected by Nanjing Institute of Soil Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2012. The pollution situation of this site has been analyzed based on these two sources of data. According to the production history of this site, the potential contaminants of this plant are heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As and Ni, and organic matters such as aniline and benzopyrene. 98 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 3.3.1.4.5 Zhuzhou Xinda Smelting Co., Ltd. Zhuzhou Xinda Smelting Co., Ltd. is located in Qingshui Road, Shifeng District, Zhuzhou. The company was founded in 2002, covering an area of 9,259.41 m2. Its geographical coordinates are 113°04′16.73″east longitude and 27°52′49.71″north latitude. The east side of the plant area is adjacent to Hehua Cement Plant, west side next to residential area and northeast side to the stone pit of Hehua Cement Plant. Xinda Smelter adopted rotary kiln- calcining process, uniformly mixed zinc-containing waste residue and raw coke powder according to a certain proportion, and then added the mixture to rotary kiln, finally obtained zinc oxide product by blast smelting. The production capacity of this plant was 3,000 tons/year. In 2011, the company was included in the list of closed companies in the Implementation Plan for Closed, Eliminated and Relocated Enterprises in Comprehensive Remediation of Urban Environment in Zhuzhou 2011. The company was shut down in October, 2012. The sampling points and site photos are shown in Figure3.3-18. Sampling Points in Xinda Smelter Site photos of Xinda Smelter Site photos of Xinda Smelter Site photos of Xinda Smelter 99 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure3.3-18 Sampling points and site photos of Xinda Smelter On May 10, 2014, site survey was carried out in the plant area of Xinda Smelter and its surrounding areas. The site survey covered buildings in the plant area, production and storage workshops, sewage treatment pond, etc. It was found out that production-related buildings had been abandoned and seriously damaged. The ground in the plant area is generally hardened. Under an abandoned factory shed in the mid-eastern part is piled with a small amount of waste residue. A two-storey building is at the gate of the plant, once served as office area and now is still inhabited. According to the original production and production processes, the potential contaminants of this plant are heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Cu. 3.3.1.4.6 Zhuzhou Hehua Cement Plant Zhuzhou Hehua Cement Plant covers an area of 66,443.73 m2. The plant was founded in 1958, mainly producing lime cement. In 1976, it began to produce cement by soil. In 1985, the plant was transformed to produce cement by mechanical upright kiln, with an annual cement output of 22,000 tons. Since 1990s, the plant has gone through continuous technological innovation, and greatly improved its production capacity. In 2004, since the dust emission of its cement shaft kiln failed to meet emissions standards, the relevant departments of Zhuzhou City urged the plant to treat dust pollution and reach emission standards by the end of 2004. However, this plant still failed to meet emissions standards after treatment, Zhuzhou government office urged this plant to shut down. In 2005, this plant abolished the shaft kiln production line and changed into a grinding station. Thereafter, Hehua Cement Plant and Beijing Lanzi Sialite Concrete Technology Co., Ltd. jointly built a sialite concrete production line with annual production capacity of 500,000 tons. Sialite concrete is a new type of material jointly developed by Beijing Lanzi Sialite Concrete Technology Co., Ltd. and Tsinghua University. This material can replace cement and has better performance than cement. It is the first generation of high performance cementitious material made of such solid wastes as blast furnace slag, steel slag and coal ash. This plant was mainly engaged in cement manufacturing, and its raw material source was waste residue from Zhuzhou Smelter. Its cement products were at Grade PC32.5. The sampling points and site photos are shown in Figure3.3-19. 100 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Sampling Points in Hehua Cement Plant Site photos of Hehua Cement Plant Site photos of Hehua Cement Plant Site photos of Hehua Cement Plant Figure3.3-19Sampling points and site photos of Hehua Cement Plant Zhuzhou Hehua Cement Plant mainly produced Grade PC32.5 cement. Cement production process was as follows: limestone, shale and iron powder were crushed and then grinded into raw material with appropriate components and uniform quality according to a certain mixed ratio; then raw material was calcinated in cement kiln to reach the state of partial melting and obtain silicate cement clinker mainly containing calcium silicate; then cement clinker was mixed with admixture and plaster, etc according to a certain proportion to prepare cement products. Zhuzhou Hehua Cement Plant adopted mechanized shaft kiln production technology, and its main production processes included crushing and pre- homogenization of raw materials, ingredients and powders, production homogenization and storage, kiln building and coal blending, shaft kiln burning, cement grinding, storage and packaging process, etc. According to the original production and production processes, the potential contaminants of this plant are heavy metal elements Pb and Zn. 101 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA The number of sampling points in all closed companies are listed in Table 3.3-5. The sampling points and site photos of these companies are shown in Figure3.3-14~ Figure3.3-19. Table 3.3-5List of sampling points and number of samples in closed companies Number of No. Closed companies Points/number samples/number 1 Yongfa Refinery 11 15 2 Brothers Industry 12 12 3 Kangli Smelter 13 18 4 Tiancheng Chemicals 20 22 5 Xinda Smelter 12 15 6 Hehua Cement 11 12 Total 79 104 102 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 3.3.1.5 Survey on residential area and surrounding uncovered soil In this survey on residential area, the soil samples below impermeable pavements in large residential areas within the project area are collected using the scattered sampling method. A total of 22 sampling points have been selected. The sampling points of residential land are shown in Figure3.3-20. The sampling of uncovered soil in residential area followed the sampling principle in Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Survey (HJ 25.1-2014) and Technical Specifications for Soil Environmental Monitoring (HJ/T166-2004). A total of 51 sampling points have been arranged, among which 49 points are actual sampling points. The sampling points of uncovered soil in residential area are shown in Figure3.3-21. Figure3.3-20 Sampling points in residential land 103 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure3.3-21 Sampling points on uncovered soil in residential area 3.3.1.6 Site survey on suface water quality Changsha Environmental Protection College monitored the quality of surface water in Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel and Old Xiawangang within the project area from December 8, 2014 to December 10, 2014, and arranged 7 monitoring sections. The status of surface water quality is shown in Section 9.4.2. The college also collected the monitoring data of water intake section at No. 3 Water Plant during the period of 2012-2014 and monitoring data of Xiawan (control section) at Zhuzhou section of Xiang River River during the period of 2010-2013 from Zhuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Station. 3.3.1.7 Site survey on groundwater quality From March 28 to April 2, 2012 (during the normal river flow period), Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection collected a total of 6 groundwater samples in Yingfeng, Qingshuihu Zone I and Zone II, and measured a total of 26 indicators in groundwater samples, including pH, hexavalent chromium, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, sulfates, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates and Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, 104 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Zn, Mn, Hg, Na, K and Ca, etc. From November 23 to December 2, 2011 (dry season), Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences arranged a total of 40 groundwater sampling points in Qingshi, Tongtangwan and Xiangshiling sub-regions, analyzed the metal component content of 44 shallow groundwater samples, concentrations of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in 31 shallow groundwater samples, concentrations of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) in 21 shallow groundwater samples and concentrations of major anions in 8 shallow groundwater samples. In October 2014 (dry season), Geophysical Survey Team of Coalfield Geology Bureau of Hunan Province conducted a survey on groundwater environment in the project area, and arranged 24 sampling points. See details in Section 9.4.1 Groundwater Environmental Survey in Section 3.3.2 Conclusion of Site Investigation 3.3.2.1 Conclusion of soil pollution survey The heavy metal pollutants detected in the project area mainly include Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Sr, Sb, Rb, Co, Ni, Cr, Sn, Hg and Tl, etc. Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Sb, As and Ag have shown significant surface accumulation phenomenon, and these heavy metal pollutants are the focus of this survey and abnormal elements of the surveyed area. The analyzed organic pollutants are VOC, SVOC and organic chlorine, etc. The main organic pollutants of concerns in Qingshi and Xiangshiling sub-regions are benzo a-pyrene, aniline, diphenylamine & N-nitrosodiphenylamine, benzo b & k fluoranthene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and phenol, etc. These contaminants were dected in waste piles which have been removed. The project will deal with organic contamiants in Tiancheng Chemical Plant, which includes benzopyrene as main contaminant of concern. Except some hotspots in industrial sites, organic pollutants are not particular of concern for in the project area. The survey results of each sub-region are shown as follows: (1) The surface soil of Yingfeng Sub-region has obvious pollutant enrichment, with the maximum content of As reaching 48mg/kg, Cd reaching 37.5mg/kg, Zn reaching 1,430mg/kg, Hg reaching 2.41mg/kg, Se reaching 1.4 mg/kg and Ag 3.4mg/kg. The soil in this sub-region 105 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA has been affected by human factors, and its major pollutants are Cd, Pb, Zn, Sb, Hg, As and Ag. It is preliminarily estimated that the depth of contaminated soil is about 40cm, or even 60cm at some sampling points. (2) The surface soil of Qingshuihu Sub-region has obvious pollutant enrichment, with the maximum content of Cd reaching 19.4 mg/kg, Pb reaching 576mg/kg, Zn reaching 907mg/kg, Sb reaching 10.9mg/kg, Ag 2mg/kg and As 58.3 mg/kg. The soil in this sub-region has been affected by human factors, and its major pollutants are Cd, Pb, Zn, Sb, Hg, As and Ag. It is preliminarily estimated that the depth of contaminated soil is about 60cm, or even exceeds 60cm at some sampling points. (3) The soil of Qingshui Sub-region has been widely polluted by heavy metals, and its surface soil has the most serious pollutant enrichment, with the maximum content of Pb reaching 3,400mg/kg, As reaching 400mg/kg, Cd reaching 73.7mg/kg, Zn reaching 11,200mg/kg, Ni 150mg/kg, Cu 350mg/kg and Co 550mg/kg. The soil in this sub-region has been affected by human factors, and its major pollutants are Pb, As, Cd and Zn. It is preliminarily estimated that the depth of contaminated soil is about 20cm-40cm, or even exceeds 60cm at some sampling points. (4) The soil of Tongxia Sub-region has been widely polluted by heavy metals, and its surface soil has the most serious pollutant enrichment, with the maximum content of Pb reaching 3,726mg/kg, As reaching 450mg/kg, Cd reaching 250mg/kg, Zn reaching 9,701mg/kg, Ni 150mg/kg, Cu 2,119mg/kg and Co 500mg/kg. The soil in this sub-region has been affected by human factors, and its major pollutants are Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Co. It is preliminarily estimated that the depth of contaminated soil has reached 50m, or even exceeded 60cm at some sampling points. (5) The soil of Tongtangwan Sub-region has been widely polluted by heavy metals, and its surface soil has the most serious pollutant enrichment, with the maximum content of Pb reaching 1,240mg/kg, As reaching 671mg/kg, Cd reaching 353mg/kg, Zn reaching 2,620mg/kg and Cu 237mg/kg. The soil in this sub-region has been affected by human factors, and its major pollutants are Pb, Cd, As and Zn. It is preliminarily estimated that the depth of contaminated soil has reached 50m, or even exceeded 60cm at some sampling points. (6) The soil of Qingshi Sub-region has been widely polluted by heavy metals, and its surface soil has serious pollutant enrichment, with the maximum content of Pb reaching 951mg/kg, As reaching 65.1mg/kg and Zn reaching 1,200mg/kg. The soil in this sub-region has been affected by human factors, and its major pollutants are Pb, As and Zn. It is 106 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA preliminarily estimated that the depth of contaminated soil has reached 50m, or even exceeded 60cm at some sampling points. (7) The soil of Xiangshiling Sub-region has been widely polluted by heavy metals, and its surface soil has serious pollutant enrichment, with the maximum content of Pb reaching 661mg/kg, As reaching 122mg/kg and Zn reaching 444mg/kg. The soil in this sub-region has been affected by human factors, and its major pollutants are Pb, As and Zn. It is preliminarily estimated that the depth of contaminated soil has reached 50m, or even exceeded 60cm at some sampling points. According to the conclusion of risk assessment in all sub-regions, the major heavy metal pollutants in the project area are Pb, As and Cd. The contour maps of Cd, As and Pb are shown in Figure3.3-22~Figure3.3-27. Figure3.3-22Contour map of Cd at the first soil layer 107 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure3.3-23Contour map of Cd at the second soil layer 108 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure3.3-24 Contour map of Pb at the first soil layer Figure3.3-25 Contour map of Pb at the second soil layer 109 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure3.3-26Contour map of As at the first soil layer Figure3.3-27Contour map of As at the second soil layer 110 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 3.3.2.2 Conclusion of pond (channel) pollution survey Hunan New World Science & Technology Co., Ltd. has conducted pond and channel pollution survey on the Old Xiawangang, Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel, water ponds in Tongtangwan sub-region, water ponds in Qingshui sub-region and water ponds in Tongxia sub-region, and drawn the following conclusions: (1) The water of the Old Xiawangang can reach Class V standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). According to the letter of confirmation of Zhuzhou Shifeng Environmental Protection Bureau, the Old Xiawangang and ponds in this region refer to Class V water quality standard that applies to water for agriculture or general landscape waters (the same below). The sediment of Old Xiawangang has high content of heavy metals, including the maximum content of Pb at 2,991.4mg/kg, Cd at 283.17mg/kg, As at 392.3mg/kg, Zn at 4,084.0mg/kg and Cu at 796.81mg/kg. According to the leaching concentration of heavy metals in sediments, it is estimated that the sediment belongs to general solid waste class II1. (2) The water of ponds in the project area can reach Class V standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). The sediments of ponds contain high content of heavy metals, mainly including Pb, Cd, As and Zn. According to the leaching concentration of heavy metals in sediments, it is estimated that the sediment belongs to general solid waste class II. 3.3.2.3 Conclusion of Waste Residue Survey Site survey has been conducted on two waste piles in the project area, i.e. waste pile in Tongxia Sub-region and waste pile in the plant area of Zhuzhou Yongfa Metal Refining Co., Ltd. The waste pile in Tongxia Sub-region has high content of heavy metals, with the maximum content of Cd reaching 263.6mg/kg, Pb reaching 5,956.7mg/kg, Zn reaching 77,724mg/kg, As 220.3mg/kg and Cu 1,317.8 mg/kg. 1 Class II general industrial solid waste: this generall industrial solid waste’s leachate obtained by leaching tests carried out according to Solid Waste-Extraction Procedure for Leaching Toxicity GB5086, contains one or more pollutants of which the concentration exceeds the maximum allowable emission concentration specified by Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978, or pH value is outside the range of 6~9. 111 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA The waste pile of Yongfa Refinery contains Cd of 27.63 mg/kg, Pb of 346.78 mg/kg, As of 44.61 mg/kg, Zn of 135.27 mg/kg and Cu of 15.80 mg/kg. 3.3.2.4 Conclusion of survey on closed companies (1) The major heavy metal pollutants of Yongfa Refinery are Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Cu. Among them, the concentration range of Pb is 153.3～5,956.7mg/kg, Cd is 14.5~263.6mg/kg, As is 11.0~220.3mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in the plant most seriously exceeded the allowable standards, with exceeding rate reaching up to 46.7%. (2) The major heavy metal pollutants of Brothers Industry are Pb, Cd, As and Zn. Among them, the maximum concentration of Pb is 1,505.5mg/kg, which is 2.5 times the allowable standard; the maximum concentration of Cd is 55.6mg/kg, which is 1.8 times the allowable standard; the maximum concentration of As is 160.6mg/kg, which is 2.7 times the allowable standard; the maximum concentration of Zn is 108kg/kg, which is 7.2 times the allowable standard. The exceeding rate of Pb is as high as 41.7%. (3) The major heavy metal pollutants of Kangli Smelter are Pb, Cd, As, Cu and Zn. Among them, the concentration range of Pb is 100.1～12,689.0mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 46.2%; the concentration range of Cd is 14.5～1,832.6mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 38.5%; the concentration range of As is 15.0～832.6mg/kg, Zn is 368.3～38,989.0mg/kg, and Cu is 69.0～4,093.9mg/kg. (4) Tiancheng Chemicals has combined pollution of heavy metals and organic compounds, and its major pollutants are Pb, Cd, As, Ni, benzopyrene and aniline. Among them, the maximum concentration of Pb is 970.0mg/kg, which is 2.43 times the allowable standard; the maximum concentration of Ni is 2,850.0mg/kg, which is 57 times the allowable standard. The concentration range of benzopyrene is 0.1～0.6mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 75%; the concentration range of aniline is 0.1 ～ 45.2mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 62.5%. (5) The major heavy metal pollutants of Xinda Smelter are Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Cu. Among them, the concentration range of Pb is 153.3～17,729.0mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 33.3%; the concentration range of Cd is 5.7 ～8,864.5mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 26.7%; the concentration range of As is 11.0～883.9mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 13.3%; the concentration range of Zn is 280.1～18,950.0mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 40%; the 112 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA concentration range of Cu is 8.1～15,666mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 13.3%. (6) The major heavy metal pollutants of Hehua Cement Plant are Pb and Zn. Among them, the maximum concentration of Pb is 638.5mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 8.3%; the maximum concentration of Zn is 100,500.0mg/kg, with an exceeding rate of 25%. 3.3.2.5 Conclusion of survey on residential area and surrounding uncovered soil According to the survey, the heavy metal contents of 22 soil sampling points in large residential areas within the project area, including Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Cu, have not exceeded the standards. Most of the ground in the residential area has been hardened. The exposure pathways such as mouth, skin contact and inhalation are blocked. According to groundwater hydrogeological conditions of this region, the groundwater has weak flowability and poor mobility of pollutants. Therefore, the heavy metals in soil and groundwater of these residential areas have little effect on the health of the residents. Site survey has been conducted on the uncovered soil around the residential areas in Xiangshiling, Qingshi and Tongtangwan sub-regions and residential areas near demolished plants. The survey results show that, a part of uncovered soil has been contaminated by Cd and Pb, and a soil area of 0.11km2 needed to be replaced. 3.3.2.6 Conclusion of survey on surface water quality According to this survey on the quality of water environment, combined with the historical monitoring data of water environmental quality in this region, the regional water environment mainly contains exceeded amount of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus, and heavy metal content of the regional waters did not exceed the corresponding standards. 3.3.2.7 Conclusion of survey on groundwater quality Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Geophysical Survey Team of Coalfield Geology Bureau of Hunan Province have conducted groundwater quality survey in all sub-regions. The site survey in all sub-regions were conducted in limited time periods. The surveyed 113 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA regions are only local regions. Each survey adopted different evaluation criteria. Different assessment reports also failed to select complete evaluation factors and evaluation contents. This survey has adopted Class III standard of Groundwater Quality Standard as evaluation criteria, collectively analyzed and assessed the survey results of all evaluation units, and drawn the following conclusions: From the perspective of different sub-regions, the major pollutants in the groundwater of Yingfeng Sub-region are nitrite, Cu and Mn; major pollutants in the groundwater of Qingshuihu Zone I are nitrate, nitrite, Mn and Hg; major pollutants in the groundwater of Qingshuihu Zone II are nitrate and Cu; major pollutant in the groundwater of Xiangshiling Sub-region is Zn; major pollutants in the groundwater of Tongtangwan Sub-region are Cd and Se; major pollutants in the groundwater of Qingshi Sub-region are Cd, Be, Ni, Se and Zn. From the perspective of types of pollutants, nitrite and nitrate in the region have widely exceeded the standards; although the contents of heavy metal pollutants have exceeded standards in previous surveys, during this survey, the exceeded contents of heavy metal pollutants only appeared in a small number of sampling points in some sub-regions, expect that the exceeded contents of Be have appeared throughout the region according to the groundwater quality monitoring data collected by Geophysical Survey Team of Coalfield Geology Bureau of Hunan Province. Other types of pollutants have not shown regional exceeding characteristics. From the perspective of hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater in the investigated area can be divided into 5 categories, i.e. loose rock pore water, clastic rock pore-fissure water, clastic rock fissure water, shallow metamorphic rock fissure water and carbonate rock fissure karst water. The groudwater is affected by vadose zone permeability, fracture development degree and terrain. Except that the local carbonate rock fissure karst water layer contains a medium amount of groundwater, other water-bearing layers contain only a small amount of water, which generally exist in the form of hidden water and mainly supplied by precipitation. The supply, runoff and discharge processes of these water-bearing layers are not obvious. Since the groundwater flow has gentle slope and poor runoff conditions, the regional hydrogeological conditions are not conducive to the spread of contaminants. According to the current groundwater contamination situation, the regional groundwater primary subjects to agricultural pollution, along with some industrial pollution, but its risk to human health is controllable; according to the research result of the groundwater in the region, the current research work has many limitations. A comprehensive investigation of groundwater has not 114 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA been carried out yet. Since the groundwater system is a hidden and complex system, according to international experience, remediation of contaminated groundwater is a huge project that may take a long time and great investment. The remediation of groundwater system must be carried out on the basis of a comprehensive and systematic investigation of groundwater in the region. 3.3.2.8 Agricultural products In accordance with Pollutants Threshholds in Food Products (GB-2762-2005) and relevant food products stanards for Zn, Cu, sampling results of vegetables collected in the project area indicate that the concentration of Cd, Pb and Zn is 0.103-4.32 mg/kg (with non- compliance rate of 46.7%), 0.072-4.32 mg/kg (with non-compliance rate of 46.7%) and 10.0- 29.0 mg/kg (with non-compliance rate of 26.7%) respectively. 3.4 Completed or ongoing pollution control projects in the project area 3.4.1 Completed remeidaiotn projects ZREIDC has applied to the National Development and Reform Commission for special funds for the heavy metal pollution control projects in the Qingshuitang Industrial Zone. Projects that have been completed include construction of Tongxia Road, Xiawangang heavy metal pollution control project, Dahu heavy metal pollution control project, treatment project of waste residue containing heavy metals in the Qingshuitang Industrial Zone (including Xinqiao waste pile, north side waste pile and Dahu waste pile). The locations of completed projects are shown in Figure3.4-5. 3.4.1.1 Xiawangang heavy metal pollution control project Xiawangang originates from the dry pond in the northwestern part of Zhuzhou City, flows through the QIZ from north to south, mingles with the Xiang River River at 100m downstream of the gravel dock in Jianshe Village, Qingshui Town, Zhuzhou City. It is the first-grade tributary of the Xiang River River, with a basin area of 11.8 km2. The contents of 115 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and As in the sediment of Xiawangang have seriously exceeded the allowable standards. At present, we have completed sediment dredging and harmless treatment of 4.06km heavily-polluted river section of Xiawangang, as well as ecological restoration of the river bank. A total of 50,080 m³ heavy metal contaminated sediment and soil have been treated, including 38,360 m3 of heavy metal contaminated sediment and 11,720 m³ of heavy metal contaminated soil. The quantity of removed heavy metals, Cd, Pb, As, Cu and Zn in the sediment of Xiawangang is 0.47 t, 4.99 t, 0.26 t, 1.15 t and 22.16 t respectively. The project investment is estimated at 202.83 million yuan, including 60 million yuan of national special funds and 9 million yuan of provincial funds. The project was commenced in December 2011 and accepted by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Hunan Province in September 2013. The photos of Xiawangang before and after treatment are shown in Figure3.4-1. Before treatment After treatment Figure3.4-1Photos of Xiawangang before and after treatment 3.4.1.2 Qingshuitang heavy metal contaminated pond treatment project: Dahu heavy metal pollution control project Dahu is located in Tongtangwan Sub-region, with a length of about 820m from east to west, width range of 63~200m from north to south and an area of 128,097 m2. The site was originally the soil-taken field of Zhuzhou Xiawan Brickyard, and then formed a great pit after soil excavation, and finally formed a Dahu due to the low-lying terrain. Dahu has been used as a fish pond collectively owned by Jianshe Village. Since nearby residents dump domestic garbage into the Dahu, and some industrial enterprises in the QIZ dump industrial waste into the Dahu, the water of the Dahu has been polluted and gradually lost breeding capability. The east side of the Dahu is gravel pit, west adjacent to Xiawangang, north side is Yongfa 116 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Refinery and Haili Zhuzhou Fine Chemicals, northeast side is Yingfeng neighborhood committee, and south side is residential area of Jianshe Village. At present, the water of Dahu is mainly supplied by precipitation, as well as a small amount of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. The water quantity is greatly affected by seasonal precipitation. Dahu heavy metal pollution control project has treated the filtrated water, production wastewater and rainwater in the 427,000 m3 of water body and sediment in Dahu contaminated by heavy metals, and carried out dehydration, stabilization, solidifition and backfilling of 98,000 m3 heavy metal contaminated sediment. After the treatment, the Dahu can meet the requirements of land use planning for Tongtangwan Sub-region in Zhuzhou. This project is a key part of heavy metal pollution control project in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou. The investment of this project is estimated at 102.6 million yuan. The project was commenced in December 2011 and completed and accepted in July 2013. The photos of Dahu before and after treatment are shown in Figure3.4-2. Before treatment After treatment Figure3.4-2Photos of Dahu before and after treatment 117 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 3.4.1.3 Treatment project of waste residue containing heavy metals in the Qingshuitang Industrial Zone The treatment project of waste residue containing heavy metals in the Qingshuitang Industrial Zone includes the treatment of Xinqiao waste pile, north side waste pile and Dahu waste pile, with a total quantity of waste residue of 1.966 million m3. The project investment is estimated at 376.72 million yuan, including 113 million yuan of national special funds and 13 million yuan of provincial funds. The project was commenced in April 2012 and completed and accepted in December 2014. The technical process of waste residue treatment project is shown in Figure3.4-3. Xinqiao waste pile starts from Tongxia Road in the north, to Qingxia Road in the east, to the existing brickyard in the southeast and to the existing channel in the west. The waste pile is about 360m long from west to east, about 340m wide from north to south and covers a total area of 91,700m2. The industrial residue in the waste pile includes carbide slag, salty mud, smelting slag and other mixed slag. The north side waste pile is adjacent to Tongxia Road in the north and Xiawangang in the west. The waste pile is about 180m long from west to east, about 280m wide from north to south and covers a total area of 26,500m2. The site includes a cement pipe processing plant and a waste material recycling company, piled with a large amount of black slag and other unknown residue. Most industrial wastes at the site are metallurgical slag and construction waste. Dahu waste pile is located in Dahu Village Group of Jianshe Village. The east side of the waste pile is adjacent to the Dahu, west side is Xiawangang, south side is about 300m from Xiang River River, and northeast side is residential and plant area. The waste pile is about 330m long from west to east, 70m~150m wide from north to south and covers a total area of 45,470m2. The industrial wastes at the site mainly include metallurgical slag, mineral processing tailings, construction waste and domestic garbage. This project treated the Class II waste residue at the waste pile by stabilization/solidification process and in-situ anti-seepage landfilling. Class II waste residue is treated by in-situ and ex-situ stabilization/solidification process. Bottom anti-seepage curtain and vertical grouting curtain are adopted in each waste pile, and the treated residue is safely filled in the backfilling zone of Xinqiao waste pile. The photos of waste piles before and after treatment are shown in Figure3.4-4. 118 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Waste pile Drainage of surface water Domestic waste Domestic Surface Construction Nearby landfill landfill site garbage cleaning waste Anti-seepage engineering Above groundwater level of Blow groundwater level of Xinqiao Waste pile Xinqiao Waste pile North side waste pile and Large Lake waste pile Excavation Class I waste Class II waste residue residue Contaminated Class II waste Class I waste In-situ soil residue residue stabilization/solidifica tion Screening and crushing On-site backfill Final cover and leakage prevention Stabilization/so lidification processing Backfilling zone of Xinqiao Waste pile Final cover and leakage prevention Figure3.4-3Technical process flow of waste residue treatment Before treatment After treatment Figure3.4-4 Photos of waste piles before and after treatment 119 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 3.4.2 Ongoing remediation porojects 3.4.2.1 Xinqiao Low Discharge Channel heavy metal remediaiton project In the past, industrial wastewsater of Qingshuitang was discharged into Xiang River via the low dischage channel and other channels. After decades of accumulation, heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Hg and As etc in the sediments significant exceeded relevant standards. The project will carry out comprehensive treamtent of a 1.45 km channel section that is seriously contaminted with heavy metals, including sediment treatment and ecological rehabilitation. Around 12113.4m3 sediments in the 1.45 km long channel will be treated through dewatering and solidification/stablization, and landfilling. Rehabilitation of dredged river bed and river bank will conducted as well. The project is being carried out. 3.4.2.2 Old Xiawanggang Channel Heavy Metal Pollution Control Project Phase I Before the Qingshuitang Wastewater Treatment Plan was built, industrail wastewater was dishcarged into Xiang River through Xiawanggang and Old Xiawangang. Before the Xiawanggang was built, the Old Xiawanggang had been the receiving water body for industrial wastewater for a long time. After decades of accumulation, heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Hg and As etc in the sediments significant exceeded relevant standards. The project will deal with 2.6km river section between Qingshui Road and Xiang River, and ponds in its downstream silted area. Activities include dredging, dewatering and treatment of sediments. The project is under implementation. The World Bank Bank financed project will include ecological rehabilitation of river banks after the said remediaiton activities. 120 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA North side waste Xinqiao waste residue pile residue pile Xiawangang Channel Tongxia Road Dahu waste Dahu heavy metal pollution residue pile treatment region Figure3.4-5 Locations of completed projects in the region 121 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 4 Risk Assessment 4.1 Overview of risk assessment 4.1.1 Risk assessment work During the period of 2011~2014, ZREIDC entrusted Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences to conduct risk assessment in 7 sub-regions of the project area. See details in the following table. Table 4.1-1Risk assessment in 7 sub-regions of the project area Evaluating No. Sub-region Year Risk assessment report organ Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of 1 Qingshui 2011 Qingshui Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City Center for Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Survey, 2 Tongxia 2011 Tongxia Sub-region in Qingshuitang Assessment and Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City Remediation of Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Contaminated 3 Yingfeng 2014 Yingfeng Sub-region in Qingshuitang Sites, Nanjing Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City Institute of Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Environmental Zone Qingshuihu Sub-region Zone I in 2014 Sciences, I Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Ministry of Zhuzhou City 4 Qingshuihu Environmental Protection Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of Zone Qingshuihu Sub-region Zone II in 2014 II Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of 5 Qingshi 2014 Qingshi Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City Nanjing Institute Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of of Soil Science, Tongtangwan Sub-region in 6 Tongtangwan 2014 Chinese Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Academy of Zhuzhou City Sciences Soil Pollution Risk Assessment Report of 7 Xiangshiling 2014 Xiangshiling Sub-region in Qingshuitang Industrial Zone of Zhuzhou City The two research institutes identified pollution sources according to the results of the site survey data, determined the potential sensitive receptors and their exposure pathways to 122 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA pollutants based on the future land use patterns of the QIZ in Zhuzhou, constructed the migration model of pollutants in environmental media and exposure model of sensitive receptors, and carried out risk assessment using risk assessment software, models and parameters of domestic and foreign authorities.  Tongxia Sub-region and Qingshui Sub-region: human health risk assessment and ecological risk assessment were carried out;  Yingfeng Sub-region and Qingshuihu Sub-region: human health risk assessment was carried out;  Xiangshiling Sub-region, Qingshi Sub-region and Tongtangwan Sub-region: human health risk assessment and water environment risk assessment were carried out. Human health risk assessment is a technical method to evaluate the harmness of one type or mutiple types of pollutants in a site of specific land use type to human health. Ecological risk assessment of contaminated site is a technical method to evaluate the impact of pollutants in the site on plants, animals and eco-systems in specific areas. Water environment risk assessment is a technical method to evaluate the risk and harmness of contaminated soil and underground water to the sensitive receptor, i.e. water environment. 4.1.2 Domestic and foreign references for risk assessment Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites (HJ 25.3-2014) issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection came into effect in July 2014. This guideline has refered to the widely-used risk assessment methods for contaminated sites in such countries as the United States, Canada, Britain, the Netherlands and Australia, taken into account the characteristics of domestic contaminated sites and population exposure scenarios, and provided an important technical support for assessment, remediation and environmental monitoring of contaminted sites in China. Besides the Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites (HJ 25.3- 2014), the risk assessment reports for Qingshi, Tongtangwan and Xiangshiling sub-regions prepared by Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences have also refered to the optimized calculation methods and model parameters of ASTM E2081 Guidelines. Besides HJ 25.3-2014, the risk assessment reports for Yingfeng and Qingshuihu sub- regions prepared by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental 123 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Protection have also refered to the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) of USEPA, Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS), Risk Based Corrective Action (RBCA) software database, Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICAD) of World Health Organization, risk assessment software, models and parameters of foreign authorities such as International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). When Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection was preparing the risk assessment reports for Qingshui and Tongxia sub-regions in 2011, HJ 25.3-2014 had not been released yet. Besides the draft of Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites, the risk assessment reports for these two sub-regions have also refered to the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) of USEPA, Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory of US Depatment Energy, risk assessment software, models and parameters such as US risk-based remedial action software database. 4.1.3 Priorities of risk assessment Risk assessments in all sub-regions mainly include human health risk assessment, ecological risk assessment and water environment risk assessment. According to the risk assessment reports for Qingshui and Tongxia sub-regions prepared by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, in consideration of background values of contaminated regions, the ecological risk control values of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu are significantly lower than their human health risk control values, which is consistent with the basic concept of ecological risk and human health risk. Pollutants have an obvious impact on the ecosystem, ecosystem and species are quite vulnerable to pollutants and require higher levels of risk control. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Geophysical Survey Team of Coalfield Geology Bureau of Hunan Province have conducted groundwater quality survey in all sub-regions. This survey has adopted Class III standard of Groundwater Quality Standard as evaluation criteria. From the perspective of different sub-regions, the major pollutants in the groundwater of Yingfeng Sub-region are nitrite, Cu and Mn; major pollutants in the groundwater of Qingshuihu Zone I are nitrate, nitrite, Mn and Hg; major pollutants in the 124 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA groundwater of Qingshuihu Zone II are nitrate and Cu; major pollutant in the groundwater of Xiangshiling Sub-region is Zn; major pollutants in the groundwater of Tongtangwan Sub- region are Cd and Se; major pollutants in the groundwater of Qingshi Sub-region are Cd, Be, Ni, Se and Zn. From the perspective of types of pollutants, nitrite and nitrate in the region have widely exceeded the standards; although the contents of heavy metal pollutants have exceeded standards in previous surveys, during this survey, the exceeded contents of heavy metal pollutants only appeared in a small number of sampling points in some sub-regions, expect that the exceeded contents of Be have appeared throughout the region according to the groundwater quality monitoring data collected by Geophysical Survey Team of Coalfield Geology Bureau of Hunan Province. Other types of pollutants have not shown regional exceeding characteristics. According to the risk assessment reports of Nanjing Institute of Soil Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, if the maximum concentration limit (MCL) is used as evaluation criteria for water environment assessment, the major pollutants in the region are As, Cd, Ni, Zn, Be, Pb, Sb and Se; if the screening value of groundwater based on the protection of human health is used as evaluation criteria, then no pollutants exceed standardards or pose any potential risks. From the perspective of hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater in the investigated area can be divided into 5 categories, i.e. loose rock pore water, clastic rock pore-fissure water, clastic rock fissure water, shallow metamorphic rock fissure water and carbonate rock fissure karst water. The groudwater is affected by vadose zone permeability, fracture development degree and terrain. Except that the local carbonate rock fissure karst water layer contains a medium amount of groundwater, other water-bearing layers contain only a small amount of water, which generally exist in the form of hidden water and mainly supplied by precipitation. The supply, runoff and discharge processes of these water-bearing layers are not obvious. Since the groundwater flow has gentle slope and poor runoff conditions, the regional hydrogeological conditions are not conducive to the spread of contaminants. According to the current groundwater contamination situation, the regional groundwater primary subjects to agricultural pollution, along with some industrial pollution, but its risk to human health is controllable; according to the research result of the groundwater in the region, the current research work has many limitations. A comprehensive investigation of groundwater has not been carried out yet. 125 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Since the groundwater system is a hidden and complex system, according to international experience, remediation of contaminated groundwater is a huge project that may take a long time and great investment. The remediation of groundwater system must be carried out on the basis of a comprehensive and systematic investigation of groundwater in the region. From the perspective of dynamic changes of regional groundwater level, the groundwater aquifer generally contains a small amount of water which is mainly supplied by atmospheric precipitation. The groundwater level mainly periodically changes with precipitation, with an annual variation range of only 0.5~1m. Thus, compared with dry season, the groundwater level slightly rises in rainy season. According to groundwater level revealed by existing boreholes provided by Geophysical Survey Team of Coalfield Geology Bureau of Hunan Province, the depth of groundwater level in the project area is 2.3~17.2m in dry season and 1.1~15.2m in rainy season. Since the minimum depths of groundwater level in the project area in both rainy and dry seasons are greater than the depth of remediated soil in the area, the fluctuations of groundwater level in the project area have little impact on the remediated soil at the depth of 60cm below the ground surface. Taking into account that the region’s groundwater is not used as drinking water sources and based on the protection of human health, the groundwater pollutants in the region have not exceeded the groundwater risk control values. Since the priority of environment management in this area is the protection of human health, ecological risk and groundwater pollution risk will not be taken into account for the time being. After the implementation of the project, a systematic and long-term monitoring and research will be carried out on the soil, ecology and groundwater in the area. Meanwhile, appropriate management measures will be taken to strictly control groundwater contaminants in the region, prevent the spread of pollution, prohibit residents or enterprises from using groundwater as a source of drinking water, and carry out appropriate remediation work under complete conditions in the future. Therefore, this risk assessment is primarily based on human health risk assessment in the completed risk assessment reports. The following section is a comprehensive summary of main contents and conclusions of human health risk assessment included in all risk assessment reports. 126 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 4.2 Risk identification According to soil survey in all sub-regions, the major risks in the project area include such pollutants as Pb, Cd and As. According to the land use type of this project area, the major risk produced by soil pollution is health risk. Therefore, the risk assessment focuses on human health risk, identifies and evaluates the potential environmental risk of heavy metals pollution in water ponds and sediments. According to the Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites (HJ 25.3-2014), the future land use planning of the project area includes two typical land use patterns, i.e. sensitive land represented by residential land (referred to as “sensitive land”) and non-sensitive land represented by industrial land (referred to as “non-sensitive land”). “Residential land” and “non-residential land” mentioned in risk assessment reports of all sub- regions are corresponding to “sensitive land” and “non-sensitive land” in HJ 25.3-2014, respectively. The future land use planning in the risk assessment reports prepared by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection is based on the Planning for Qingshuitang Circular Economy Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou City (2010~ 2030). The future land use planning in the risk assessment reports prepared by Nanjing Institute of Soil Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is based on the Planning for Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City. Sensitive and non-sensitive lands are divided according to these two plannings. These two plannings are described below: (1) Planning for Qingshuitang Circular Economy Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou City (2010~ 2030) According to the Planning for Qingshuitang Circular Economy Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou City, the future land use types of the project area mainly include park, Class II residential land, middle and primary schools, kindergartens, administrative office area, roadside greenbelt, green buffer, Class I industrial land, roads, gas stations, rainwater and wastewater treatment sites, excrement and garbage disposal sites, fire stations, hospitals, water area, recreational land and roads, etc. 127 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Figure4.2-1 Planning for Qingshuitang Circular Economy Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou City (2) Planning for Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City Figure4.2-2Planning for Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City According to the Planning for Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City, the future land use types of the project area mainly include residential land, administrative 128 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA office area, commerical land, recreational land, sports land, land for medical and health care, land for education and scientific research, industrial land, warehouse land and special warehouse land for hazardous goods, etc. During the feasibility study of this project, the conclusions of risk assessment in this region has been re-analyzed according to the Regulatory Planning for Core Zone of Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City (2012). See details in Section 4.9.1. 4.3 Relevant plannings, standards and guidelines 4.3.1 Relevant standards (1) GB15618-1995 Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (2) HJ350-2007 Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (Trial) (3) GB 5085 Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes (4) USEPA Region 9 Preliminary Remedial Goals (USEPA PRG IX) (5) USEPA Soil Screening Levels (USEPA SSL) (6) US Region 3, 6 and 9 Risk-based Screening Levels (RSL) 4.3.2 Relevant technical specifications (1) HJ 25.2-2014 Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Monitoring; (2) HJ 25.1-2014 Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Survey; (3) HJ 25.3-2014 Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites; (4) HJ/T 166-2004 Technical Specifications for Soil Environmental Monitoring; (5) US ASTME2081 Guidelines; (6) Guidelines for Site Environmental Assessment (JHF [2007]No. 8); (7) Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Monitoring (Exposure Draft) (8) Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Survey (Exposure Draft) (9) Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites (Exposure Draft) Note: Since the risk assessment in Qingxia and Qingshui sub-regions were completed in 2011, their risk assessment reports are based on the above guidelines and specifications (6) ~ (8), which are exposure drafts. 129 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 4.4 Contents of risk assessment (1) On the basis of site surey, preliminary sampling and land use planning, risk assessment of contaminated sites have been carried out in 7 sub-regions covering an area of 8.48km2, so as to gain a preliminary understanding of risk scope and distribution in contaminated sites. (2) Health risk assessment is conducted to estimate the safety levels of major contaminants at an acceptable level, preliminarily determine risk control target, and provide scientific reference to further confirm remedial goals of contaminated soil and risk action values of pond sediment. 4.5 Risk assessment methods 4.5.1 Human health risk assessment 4.5.1.1 Hazard identification Hazard identification is the first step in human health risk assessment process, mainly based on basic information of pollution and monitoring information of pollutants. The major pollutants of the polluted area are selected according to relevance principle. The activities of receptors are analyzed in different land use patterns. The channels for contaminants to contact or enter the human body are analyzed in different living and working situations (i.e. exposure scenarios). Conceptual model is established to reveal the exposure scenarios and exposure pathways of residents in polluted area in an intuitive way. The main work of this step is: a). Select major pollutants; b). Refer to the potential land use patterns, establish conceptual model and confirm potential exposure pathways; c). Identify the toxic effects of major pollutants on human body. 4.5.1.2 Exposure assessment Exposure assessment is the second step of human health risk assessment process, which determines or estimates the frequency, period, pathway and quantity of human exposure to contaminants. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure dose in two land use patterns 130 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA are evaluated according to Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites and Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS). 4.5.1.3 Toxicity assessment Toxicity assessment is the third step of human health risk assessment process. The main task of this step is to obtain the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic toxicity parameters of major pollutants to human body and calculate the ultimate risk. Since the current study on toxicity data of pollutants to human body in China is still in the early stage, toxicity parameters has refered to the Appendix of Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites, and also collected from internationally recognized and authoritative database. Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences has refered to the following toxicity parameters:  Parameters recommended by Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites;  Database constructed by Risk Reduction Plan of Texas, US (TXO8) Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection has refered to the following toxicity parameters:  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) of USEPA;  US Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS);  US Risk Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Software Database;  Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICAD) of World Health Organization;  International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) When the database only offers the Inhalation Unit Risk Factor (URF) and Inhalation Reference Concentration (RfC) of pollutants, these parameters need to be converted into carcinogenic slope factor (SFi) and reference dose (RfD), to be used in risk calculations. 4.5.1.4 Risk characterization Risk characterization is the last step of human health risk assessment process. The task of this step is to integrate all information based on the results of exposure assessment and toxicity assessment, and provide qualitative or quantitative description of the risks. 131 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA  Non-carcinogenic risk is described by hazard quotient, which is the ratio of daily intake dose of pollutants to reference dose, and used to characterize the harm level of human exposure to non-carcinogenic pollutants via a single pathway. For non-carcinogenic risk, the acceptable level of both non-carcinogenic hazard quotient of a single pollutant and total non-carcinogenic hazard quotient is set at 1.  With respect to the potential carcinogenic risk, the potential carcinogenic risk is estimated according to carcinogenic slope factor and carcinogenic exposure dose of pollutants. Carcinogenic risk is the probability of cancer or lesions induced by human exposure to carcinogens. Acceptable carcinogenic risk: It is stipulated in Taiwan that the overall carcinogenic risk lower than 10-6 is the upper limit of acceptable carcinogenic risk. It is stipulated by USEPA that the acceptable carcinogenic risk of a single pollutant or a single exposure pathway cannot exceed 10-6; both Missouri and New Mexico of US stipulate the acceptable carcinogenic risk as 10-5 when preparing risk-based soil standards; and the Netherlands stipulates the acceptable carcinogenic risk as 10-4 when preparing human health-based soil environment standards. It is strictly stipulated in the Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites in China that the acceptable carcinogenic risk of a single pollutant is 10-6. In case of any sampling point where the carcinogenic risk of a single pollutant exceeds 10-6 or hazard quotient exceeds 1, its represented area should be designated as contaminated area with unacceptable risk. 4.5.2 Risk assessment of soil lead to human health The risk assessment of lead differs from that of other contaminants. Reference dose (RfD) of non-carcinogenic contaminants is not used to evaluate the risk of Pb. Due to matured studies on blood lead toxicity kinetics in human body (intake, distribution, metabolism, excretion, etc.), the USEPA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention determined to formulate relevant regulations and standards for Pb according to blood lead levels (PbB). The risk assessment reports for Tongxia, Qingshui, Yingfeng and Qingshuihu sub- regions prepared by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection have adopted the following models: (1) It is stipulated by the EPA that the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) 132 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA model is used to calculate the blood lead level in children aged 0~6 years as sensitive receptor exposed to sensitive lead polluted soil. (2) The risk of lead contaminated soil to adult health is characterized by blood lead levels of pregnant women exposed to non-sensitive lead-contaminated soil. ALM model is used to calculate the blood lead level of pregnant women and derive the soil lead benchmark in non-sensitive land. The risk assessment reports for Xiangshiling, Tongtangwan and Qingshi sub-regions prepared by Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences adopted the above IEUBK model to assess the risk of children exposure to Pb. Since the ultimate remedial goals of all sub-regions refer to the assessment values of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Pb risk assessement adopts the conclusion of risk assessment reports prepared by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection. 4.6 Risk assessment of As and Cd in soil to human health 4.6.1 Conceptual model of human health risk assessment The conceptual model is established for the purpose of clearly and vividly showing the medium and pathway for pollutants to reach or touch receptors in various exposure scenarios (living or working environment), so as to identify the exposure pathways of residents in the region and select the appropriate exposure calculation models and parameters to calculate exposure doses. The exposure pathways under sensitive and non-sensitive land use patterns in this project are determined as: a). oral intake from soil; b). dermal exposure to soil; c). inhalation of soil particles. 4.6.2 Sensitive receptors under different land use patterns For sensitive land, adults are chosen as sensitive receptors to assess carcinogenic risk, and childern as sensitive receptors to assess non-carcinogenic risk. For non-sensitive land, adults are chosen as sensitive receptors to assess carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk. 133 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 4.6.3 Models and parameters for calculating exposure doses Calculation models and parameters refer to Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites in China and US Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS) to assess carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure doses under two kinds of land use patterns. 4.6.4 Toxic effects and toxicity parameters of pollutants During quantitative calculation of risk level, the cumulative effect of different pollutants’ toxicity has been taken into account. Under the conservative principle, 7 kinds of heavy metal pollutants that have been designated by environmental management departments and could easily cause harm to human health have all been taken into consideration, i.e. Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Ni, Cr and Hg. The risk of these 7 kinds of pollutants to human health have been assessed. The toxic effects of major pollutants are shown in Table 4.6-1, and their toxicity parameters are shown in Table 4.6-2. 134 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 4.6-1 Toxic Effects of Major Pollutants Toxic effects Pollutants Target organ Carcinogenic effect Remark Acute toxicity Chronic toxicity Skin lesions, dermatitis, Acute gastroenteritis, ulcers, skin cancer; Teratogenic, carcinogenic and cardiovascular damage, brainrasia syndrome, Liver, kidney, mutagenic effect; classified as As toxic hepatopathy, delayed gastrointestinal hematopoietic organs Class 1 human carcinogen by neuropathy, skin and dysfunction, IARC accessories lesions hepatomegaly Neurasthenia; children are All body systems and particularly sensitive to Nausea, diarrhea, organs, mainly affecting Teratogenic, carcinogenic and Pb, resulting in abdominal distension; these organs: nerve mutagenic effect; classified as The lead content in minimal brain dysfunction Pb* paroxysmal abdominal system, hematopoietic Class 2B suspected human human blood can not syndrome (MBD); toxic cramps; organ damage; organs, digestive system, carcinogen by IARC exceed 10μg /dL. peripheral neuropathy; jaundice cardiovascular system, colic, digestive disorders, kidney liver damage FAO/WHO confirmed Mainly accumulating in that the maximum liver and kidney; tolerable Cd intake per oral intake mainly cause Renal tubular dysfunction, Reproductive toxicity, mutagenic person per week is 0.4- toxicity in liver and Gastrointestinal irritation, osteoporosis, osteomalacia and carcinogenic effects; Class I 0.5mg; the normal Cd kidney; inhalation may shock, acute renal failure (Itai-itai disease) carcinogens, namely human human body aging 40-60 cause lung damage; both carcinogen (IARC) years old has cadmium can cause high blood content of about 30mg, pressure and anemia 10mg of which is present in the kidney, and 4.1mg is stored in the liver. Animal experiments proved that it Stomach corrosion, cramps, Chronic conjunctivitis, has teratogenic, mutagenic and convulsions, epilepsy, liver asthma, skin rashes, carcinogenic effects; IARC dysfunction, acute chemical contact dermatitis, Cr Lung and skin classified trivalent chromium as respiratory tract jaundice, abnormal liver Class 3 carcinogen, which is not inflammation, function carcinogenic to humans, conjunctivitis, asthma hexavalent chromium as Class 1 135 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA carcinogen, which is carcinogenic to humans. The daily intake of Reproductive toxicity, nickel for normal human carcinogenic, teratogenic and Skin lesions, respiratory body is about 0.3-0.5mg, Acute chemical bronchitis, Lung, liver, kidney, blood mutagenic effects; Ni tract damage, respiratory and its total content in pneumonia vessels Class I carcinogens, namely tract cancer body is about 10mg, human carcinogen (IARC) mainly stored in the skin. Chest tightness, shortness Acute gastroenteritis, zinc of breath, cough; lung It is an essential micro fume fever, conjunctivitis, membrane thickening, No evidence proved that it is Zn Whole body element, about 2g in keratitis, skin local mild impairment of carcinogenic adults. hyperemia pulmonary ventilation function The daily dietary intake Acute chemical is about 2.5 ~ 5mg, and gastroenteritis, nausea, Contact dermatitis its content in the body of vomiting, stomach burning, (pimples, eczema-like adults is about 50- No evidence proved that it is Cu jaundice, hepatomegaly, change), eye and nose Whole body 120mg. It is distributed carcinogenic abnormal liver function, irritation, pulmonary in the whole body, hemolytic anemia, local interstitial fibrosis mainly in the liver, brain, skin necrosis heart and kidney. IARC (1987) did not give a Headache, dizziness, Hypomania, oral conclusive answer whether nausea; cough, chest pain; gingivitis, mercury and its compounds are Hg bronchitis, pulmonary neuropsychiatric Kidney, heart, lung, brain carcinogenic; USEPA (1989) edema; abnormal liver disorders, stomatitis, concluded that mercury is not a function, hepatomegaly kidney damage human carcinogen. Note: “*”The toxicity of Pb is assessed according to blood lead level based on human dynamics model. 136 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 4.6-2 Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic toxicity parameters of major pollutants RfD-oral RfD-dermal RfD-inhala SF-oral SF-dermal SF-inhala1 Carcinogenic risk Pollutants (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (1/(mg/kg/day)) (1/(mg/kg/day)) (1/(mg/kg/day)) level * Zn 0.3 0.3 - - D Cu 0.04 0.04 - - D Cd 0.001 0.001 - 7.2 B1 As 0.0003 0.0003 - 1.5 1.5 17.2 A Ni 0.02 0.02 2.254E-05 1.92 A Cr 1.5 1.5 0.005 - NA Hg 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 D *: The carcinogenic risk level is divided according to US IRIS: A (identified as a human carcinogen, with sufficient animal carcinogenicity toxicity test data and complete human carcinogenic toxicity data), B1 (sufficient animal carcinogenicity toxicity test data, but insufficient human carcinogenic toxicity data), B2 (likely to be human carcinogen deduced from sufficient animal carcinogenicity toxicity data), C (suspected human carcinogens without sufficient animal carcinogenicity toxicity data), D (cannot be classified), E (proven as non-human carcinogen), NA (carcinogenic pollutants defined by RBCA software database but still needs to be further confirmed). 137 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 4.6.5 Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of As and Cd in soil According to the human health risk assessment, the risk levels of different sampling points are classified into low risk, medium risk and high risk, as shown in Table 4.6-3. Table 4.6-3Classification of risk level Risk type Low risk Medium risk High risk Carcinogenic risk ≤1.0E-05 1.0E-05~1.0E-04 ≥1.0E-04 Non-carcinogenic ≤1 1~2 ≥2 hazard quotient According to risk classification in the above table, the carcinogenic risk and non- carcinogenic risk are superposed according to the spatial distribution under the same land use pattern. The risk level at a single sampling point is classified under the principle of “approaching higher risk”. So the different risk levels are obtained in sensitive and non- sensitive land use patterns in the project area. 4.6.6 Risk control values of As and Cd in soil 4.6.6.1 Calculation of risk control values Risk control value is the permissible content of pollutants in soil deduced from the acceptable risk level. The calculation of risk control value is the inverse process of risk calculation. This value has no uniform definition at home and abroad. It is defined as “soil risk control value” in Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites in China, while defined as the soil screening level (SSL) by USEPA, risk-based screening level by US Region 3, 6 and 9, and intervention value by the Netherlands. (1) Calculation of risk control value of pollutants in soil with non-carcinogenic risk a). Non-carcinogenic risk control value of soil pollutants taken orally TR  RfDoral RCVoral  CDI oral b). Non-carcinogenic risk control value of soil pollutants taken through dermal exposure TR  RfDdermal RCVdermal  CDI dermal c). Non-carcinogenic risk control value of soil pollutants taken through inhalation of soil particles 138 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA TR  RfDinhalation RCVinhalation  CDI inhalation d). Non-carcinogenic risk control value of soil pollutants taken through all exposure pathways TR RCVtotal  CDI oral CDI dermal CDI inhalation   RfDoral RfDdermal RfDinhalation Where, RCV is risk control value, unit: mg/kg; TR is target risk value, i.e. acceptable risk level; other parameters are the same as those in the sections of exposure assessment and toxicity assessment. (2) Calculation of risk control value of pollutants in soil with carcinogenic risk a). Carcinogenic risk control value of soil pollutants taken orally TR RCVoral  CDI oral  SForal b). Carcinogenic risk control value of soil pollutants taken through dermal exposure TR RCVdermal  CDI dermal  SFdermal c). Carcinogenic risk control value of soil pollutants taken through inhalation of soil particles TR RCVinhalation  CDI inhalation  SFinhalation d). Carcinogenic risk control value of soil pollutants taken through all exposure pathways TR RCVtotal  CDI oral  SForal  CDI dermal  SFdermal  CDI inhalation  SFinhalation Where, RCV is risk control value, unit: mg/kg; TR is target risk value, i.e. acceptable risk level; other parameters are the same as those in the sections of exposure assessment and toxicity assessment. 4.6.6.2 Risk control values of Cd and As The risk control values of Cd in sensitive land are 6.62mg/kg, 23.1mg/kg and 23.1mg/kg corresponding to the carcinogenic risk control levels of 1.0E-06,1.0E-05 and 1.0E-04; the risk control values of Cd in non-sensitive land are 23.3mg/kg, 122.6mg/kg and 122.6mg/kg corresponding to the above three carcinogenic risk control levels. 139 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA The risk control values of As in sensitive land are 0.14mg/kg, 1.4mg/kg and 6.9mg/kg corresponding to the carcinogenic risk control levels of 1.0E-06,1.0E-05 and 1.0E-04; the risk control values of As in non-sensitive land are 0.28mg/kg, 2.8mg/kg and 28mg/kg corresponding to the above three carcinogenic risk control levels. 4.7 Risk assessment of Pb in soil to human health 4.7.1 Risk control value of Pb in soil based on blood lead level in sensitive land The Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model is used to calculate the blood lead level in children. The IEUBK model is mainly used to predict blood lead levels of children aged 0~6 years exposed to lead in environment. The model consists of 4 sub-modules, i.e. exposure module, uptake module, biokinetic module and probability distribution module. The model is combined with statistics to correlate children’s blood lead levels with lead exposure of difference pathways and sources. Based on the assumption that the distribution of children’s blood lead levels is approximately a normal distribution, the geometric mean value of children’s blood lead levels is estimated according to the collected information about children’s exposure to environmental lead, so as to estimate the probability of children’s blood lead level exceeding the critical value of 10μg/dL. The sources of lead in IEUBK model include soil, indoor/outdoor dust, drinking water, air and food. The model has defined the bio-availability of Pb intake from different environmental mediums, i.e. absorption proportion. The conceptual model of receptor exposed to environmental lead (Figure4.7-1) is established according to the modules included in IEUBK model. 140 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Pollutants Wastes Medium ExExposure scenarios Exposure pathways Pollutants Waste gas Outdoor activities Air 确定环境影响评 价方案 Working in the plant Inhalation of Pb in air Dust 工程环境问题识 别和环境评价因 Daily life 法规、标 准及评价导则研究 子的筛选 Daily cleaning Waste water Water Paddy farming Oral intake of Pb in water 环境保 Residue 护目标 Playing Agricultural activities Soil Oral intake of Pb in soil 区域环 Working in the plant 境现状调查、监测与类比分 Daily life 接受评 析 Inhalation of Pb in soil particles 确定问题及评价因子 价任务 Playing 工程环境 概况调查、踏勘 Fish and waterfowl 建设项目有关文件分 与资料收集及基 Pb intake through consumption of 析与研究 本特征分析、公 rice, vegetables, fish and Rice and vegetables Daily consumption 众参与 waterfowl Figure4.7-1 Conceptual model for lead exposure 141 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 4.7.1.1 Exposure module IEUBK model uses intake rate (IN) to describe children’s lead intake from environmental media. Since this survey focuses on soil, other sources of Pb in IEUBK model have not been investigated. Therefore, when calculating the risk control value of Pb in soil of residential land using IEUBK model, Pb content of other sources are collected in the following two ways: a). all parameters refer to default parameters of IEUBK model; b). Pb contents in the air, drinking water and food are acquired by querying the data. The permissible content of Pb in soil are calculated under the above two conditions respectively. 4.7.1.2 Uptake model Different ways of lead intake have different bioavailability. It is defined by IEUBK model that the bioavailability of Pb intake from soil & dust, diet, drinking water and air is 30%, 40~50%, 60% and 25~45 % respectively. Accordingly, the ultimate Pb content UPpoten uptaken by children via the above environmental mediums can be expressed as: UPpoten  ( ABSdiet  IN diet )  ( ABSdust  IN dust )  ( ABSsoil  IN soil )  ( ABSair  IN air ) Biokinetic module of IEUBK model adopts mechanism model to describe the physiological-biochemical process of lead transport in the human body, and correlate the lead absorption efficiency with lead content in various organs of the human body, especially blood lead levels. Due to the differences in childern’s own behaviors, living habits and individual types, children’s blood lead levels have shown great variability under the condition of same environmental lead concentrations. This variability is described by IEUBK model using geometric standard deviation (GSD). This survey has only measured the Pb content in soil of the project area. Therefore, when calculating the risk control value of Pb in soil of residential land using IEUBK model, Pb contents of other sources except for soil refer to standard lead levels in corresponding criteria. 4.7.1.3 Determination of permissible blood lead level It is stipulated by EPA and CDC that the blood lead level exceeding 10μg/dL (serum, the same below) is harmful to chilren. The EPA determined the risk reduction target for blood 142 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA lead uptaken from contaminated sites as follows: the possibility of children’s blood lead level exceeding 10μg/dL should be lower than 5% or less after site remediation. 4.7.1.4 Parameter selection of IEUBK model and calculation of permissible Pb content in the soil of residential land Based on the above assumption of lead contents from other sources and permissible blood lead levels, IEUBK model is used to calculate the critical value of soil lead content when the geometric standard deviation of blood lead level in childern aging 0~6 years old is 1.6% and the probability of blood lead level exceeding 10μg/dL is 5%. Suppose the Pb in drinking water can reach the drinking water standard of 10μg/L after treatment, Pb in air can reach the ambient air quality standard of 1.0μg /m 3, and Pb in vegetables can reach corresponding standard of 0.3mg/kg, then Pb in soil shall meet the standard of 258mg/kg. 4.7.2 Risk control value of Pb in soil based on blood lead level in non- sensitive land The risk of lead contaminated soil to adult health is characterized by blood lead levels of pregnant women exposed to lead-contaminated soil of non-sensitive land. ALM model is used to calculate the blood lead level of pregnant women and derive the risk control value of Pb in the soil of non-sensitive land. This method only takes into account the direct uptake of Pb from soil and indoor dust, adopts the biokinetic slope factor (BKSF) to characterize the linear relationship between environmental lead exposure and blood lead levels of pregnant women, and uses geometric standard deviation to describe the difference in blood lead levels among individuals in similar lead exposure scenarios. The risk control value of Pb in the soil of non-sensitive land is calculated as 627mg/kg. 4.7.3 Comparison of risk control values of Pb in soil calculated according to blood lead levels The risk control values of Pb in the soil of sensitive land and non-sensitive land, as well 143 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA as relevant standards and screening levels are listed in Table 4.7-1. Pb in vegetables can greatly constrain the Pb content in soil. When determining the risk control value of Pb in soil, the permissible Pb content in other 3 environmental mediums should be taken into account, so as to ensure that the probability of children’s blood lead level exceeding 10μg/dL is lower than 5%. Table 4.7-1Reference value for calculating the risk control value of Pb in soil based on blood lead levels Sensitive land (IEUBK model) Pb in drinking Pb in vegetables Parameters Pb in air (μg/m3) Pb in soil (mg/kg)** water (μg/L) (mg/kg)* IEUBK Default 4 0 0.1 390 parameters Standard*** 10 0.3 1.0 258 Non-sensitive land (ALM model) 627 *: Lead contaminated vegetables account for 25% of the total vegetable consumption. **: Pb intake from soil includes direct Pb intake from soil and inhalation from soil particles. ***: Permissible content of Pb in soil based on the assemption that Pb content in drinking water, vegetables and air can reach corresponding standards after the remediation. 4.8 Risk control values and remedial goals According to the Approval of Risk Assessment Report of Soil Contamination in Qingshui Sub-region of Qingshuitang Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou (XHH[2012] No. 105) issued by Zhuzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, it is approved that the soil remediation of core area of 16km2 in the Qingshuitang Industrial Zone refers to the risk control values determined by the risk assessment reports of soil contamination in Qingshui and Tongxia sub- regions. Risk control values in the risk assessment reports prepared by Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences are slightly different from those in the risk assessment reports prepared by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection. However, the risk assessment reports prepared by Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences clearly refer to the achievements made by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection to determine the risk control values of Xiangshiling, Tongtangwan and Qingshi sub-regions. Therefore, the following section will describe the determination process of risk control values by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection. Risk control value is the permissible content of pollutants in soil deduced from the 144 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA acceptable risk level. The calculation of risk control value is the inverse process of risk calculation. This value has no uniform definition at home and abroad. It is defined as “remedial goal” in Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites in China, while defined as the soil screening level (SSL) by USEPA, risk-based screening level by US Region 3, 6 and 9, and intervention value by the Netherlands. According to the parameters recommended by Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites, we calculated the risk control values of Cd and As based on different acceptable carcinogenic risk levels (1.0E-06, 1.0E-05, 1.0E-04) via a single exposure pathway and all exposure pathways in the sensitive and non-sensitive land use patterns, and also calculated the risk control values of Cd and As based on the acceptable non-carcinogenic hazard quotient via a single exposure pathway and all exposure pathways. The minimum value is selected as the risk control value of a pollutant at a certain risk control level and in a specific land use pattern. The risk control values of Pb are obtained using IEUBK model and ALM model. Table 4.8-1Risk control values of As, Cd and Pb in soil and remedial goals Unit: mg/kg Carcinogenic Risk control values Soil remedial goals Pollutants risk control levels Non-sensitive Non-sensitive Sensitive land Sensitive land land land 1.0E-06 0.14 0.28 As 1.0E-05 1.4 2.8 31 53 1.0E-04 6.91 28 1.0E-06 6.62 23.3 Cd 1.0E-05 23.1 122.6 6.6 23.3 1.0E-04 23.1 122.6 Pb - 258 627 258 627 The above remedial goals of all pollutants are compared with soil screening levels and standards of corresponding pollutants specified by other countries or regions, so as to analyze the rationality of remedial goals for priority pollutants in this project, as shown in Table 4.8-2. Table 4.8-2Comparision between remedial goals of As, Cd, Pb and other screening levels Unit: mg/kg Exhibition Remedial goals RSL* SSL** standards Pollutants Sensitive Non-sensitive Grade Grade Residential Industrial Residential land land A B Cd 6.62 23.3 70.00 800 78.00 1.00 22.00 As 31 53 0.39 1.6 0.45 20.00 80.00 Pb 258 627 400 800 400 140 600 *: RSL is Risk based screening level, defined by US Region 3, 6 and 9; **: SSL is Soil screening level defined by USEPA. 145 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA According to the comparison, the same pollutant has different remedial goals in different countries or documents, which reveals different parameters selected for calculation and different control demands. Taking into account the acceptable level, economic cost, technical feasibility and control demands of the project area, and in order to facilitate the remediation project in the area, the remedial goals of Cd, As and Pb in the contaminated soil of the project area are determined as follows: the remedial goals of As, Cd and Pb in residential land are recommended as 30mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively; the remedial goals of As, Cd and Pb in non-residential land are recommended as 60mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 600mg/kg respectively, as shown in Table 4.8-3. Table 4.8-3 Recommended soil remedial goals for this project Unit: mg/kg Soil remedial goals Soil pollutants Sensitive land Non-sensitive land Cd 10 30 As 30 60 Pb 400 600 4.9 Re-analysis and conclusion of risk assessment 4.9.1 Re-analysis With respect to the determination of remedial region, the risk assessment reports prepared by Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection refers to Planning for Qingshuitang Circular Economy Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou City (2010~2030), while the risk assessment reports prepared by Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences refers to the Planning for Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City. Both plannings are early plannings for this region, and now the planning has been updated as the Regulatory Planning for Core Zone of Qingshuitang Ecological Industrial Town of Zhuzhou City (2012). Therefore, the feasibility study unit has re-analyzed the risk assessment reports on the basis of the conclusions of risk assessment and remedial goals of pollutants determined by risk assessment, taking into account the progress of implemented projects and production of operating plants in the project area. The project area is divided into risk controllable area, risk acceptable area and remediation area. The re- analysis process is shown in Figure4.9-2. The spatial distribution of different risk areas in the project is shown in Figure4.9-1. 146 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA These three risk areas are defined as follows:  Risk acceptable area: the risk acceptable area is 2.02 km2 determined by risk assessment reports;  Risk controllable area: the risk controllable area includes the following areas in unrisk acceptable area determined in the risk assessmenet reports, i.e. hardened residential area, site of plants in production, pollution control project that have been completed or are being implemented (Xiawangang heavy metal pollution control project, Dahu heavy metal pollution control project, treatment project of waste residue in Xinqiao waste pile, north side waste pile and Dahu waste pile), covering an area of 3.73 km2;  Remediation area: the remediation area is the rest area expect for the risk controllable area in the unrisk acceptable area determined in the risk assessmenet reports, covering an area of 2.73km2. Risk controllable Risk acceptable Remediation area area area Figure4.9-1 Spatial distribution of different risk areas in the project area 147 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Pollution survey Pollution distribution under the Recommended remedial goals current land use patterns according to land use planning Preparation of risk distribution diagram Screening Risk acceptable area Remediation area Risk controllable area (for this project) Soil Soil Treatment Site Remediati remediatio remediatio of waste cleanup on of n at n of other residue channels contamina contamina containing and ponds ted sites of ted sites heavy contamina closed metal ted by companies pollutants heavy metals Figure4.9-2 Determination of project content and scale based on the conclusion of risk asssessment 4.9.2 Remediation area According to the results of risk assessment, the remediation area of this project is 2,727,116m2. The distribution of remediation area is shown in Figure4.9-3. The comparison between remediation area determined by risk assessment and remediation area determined by feasibility study is shown in Table 4.9-1. 148 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 4.9-1Comparison between remediation area determined by risk assessment and that determined by feasibility study Unit: m2 Remediation area Remediation area Sub-region determined by determined by Difference Remark risk feasibility study assessment Risk assessment has taken into account the current land use situation. The original site of Tiancheng Chemicals has been adjusted from Xiangshiling 47943 100571 52628 administrative office area (non-sensitive land) to residential land (sensitive land), resulting in the increase of remediation area. The Qingshuihu ecological wetland has been added to the remediation area, Tongtangwan 127597 618381 490784 resulting in the increase of sensitive land; meanwhile the contaminated residential areas have been added. The feasibility study classified the site of plants in production as Qingshi 40360 88887 48527 risk controllable area, and proposed measures for pollution prevention and control of these plants. Qingshui 483575 444377 -39198 The main reason for the Tongxia 842375 351590 -490785 adjustment is that the risk assessment did not take Qingshuihu 1467450 861584 -605866 into account the current land use situation. The uncontaminated residential area, site of plants in production and pollution control projects implemented in recent Yingfeng 362400 261276 -100674 years are classified as risk controllable area. In addition, the planning adjustments in small areas are taken into account in the feasibility study. Total 3371700 2727116 -644584 149 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Sub-region boundary Remediation area Figure4.9-3 Distribution of remediation area 150 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 4.9.3 Statistics of risk acceptable area and risk controllable area Risk acceptable area and risk controllable area are not the remediation area of this project. These two types of areas have a total area of 5.75 km2, as shown in Figure4.9-4. 4.9.3.1 Risk controllable area After determining the recommended remedial goals, statistics have been made on the uncontaminated area and those areas where pollution control has been completed or still in progress within the project scope: 1) According to site survey and pollution analysis, all 7 sub-regions in the project area have large residential areas, of which the soil have been hardened before the construction of surrounding companies, so these residential areas will not polluted by dust. Meanwhile, sampling analysis has been conducted on the soil below the hardened ground in the residential areas, and the results show the soil below the hardened ground has not been polluted by heavy metals. So these residential areas are confirmed as uncontaminated areas. However, those residential areas close to Zhuzhou Smelter and other heavily polluted areas have excessive amounts of heavy metals in soil. Accordingly, these contaminated residential areas are within the scope of this remediation project. Meanwhile, site survey has also been conducted on uncovered soil surrounding residential areas, and results show that a small quantity of uncovered soil has excessive amounts of heavy metals, covering an area of 0.11km2. For this part of uncovered soil, this project will propose suggestions for remediation of uncovered soil in the non-remediation area. 2) With respect to those plants in production, on the one hand, the products, production processes and productivity of these plants are in line with the relevant industrial policies; on the other hand, the environmental protection bureau has rigorously monitored the wastewater, waste gas and waste residue of these plants. According to the environmental monitoring data 2012~2014 provided by Zhuzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, the waste discharge of some enterprises have met environmental emission standards. However, other enterprises such as Liuhua Guicheng and Zhongcheng still have excessive emissions of dust and sulfur dioxide, Haili Fine Chemicals, Haohua and Pinhe Zinc have excessive emissions of COD and ammonia nitrogen in waste 151 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA water. The Environmental Protection Bureau has issued notices to urge these companies to complete technology upgrades by 2016, so as to ensure that all types of pollutants can reach emission standards. Those companies that fail to reach the emission standards in due time will be closed during the year of 2015~2017. Therefore, these companies in production will not be included in the remediation scope of this project. According to the Implementation Plan for Overall Relocation and Transformation of Qingshuitang Old Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou (2013-2022), most enterprises in the industrial zone will be successively closed, relocated, transformed or newly built. Therefore, these companies in production will not be included in the remediation scope of this project. In the future, if the sites of those closed companies need to be re-used, the re-use of these remaining sites should comply with the provisions of Notice on Enhancing Pollution Control during Shut-down, Relocation and Original Site Redevelopment of Industrial Enterprises, and Environmental and Social Management Framework. Environmental survey shall be carried out on these sites. For those contaminated sites that are confirmed by site survey and risk assessment, the owner of the site shall be urged to fulfill the responsibility for the remediation of closed and relocated enterprises, prepare the remediation plan, and incorporate the costs of site survey, risk assessment and remediation works into relocation costs. 3) The construction of Tongxia Road has been completed in the project area. Tongxia Road passes the project area from west to east. Prior to its construction, the heavy metal contaminated soil in this region has been remediated. Therefore, Tongxia Road is also not included in the remediation scope of this project. 4) The heavy metal pollution control projects have been implemented in the project area since 2011. Projects that have been completed include Xiawangang heavy metal pollution control project, Dahu heavy metal pollution control project, treatment project of waste residue containing heavy metals in the Qingshuitang Industrial Zone (including Xinqiao waste pile, north side waste pile and Dahu waste pile). The sites of completed projects in the project area will also not be included in the remediation scope of this project. Based on the above four points, we summarized the areas beyond the remediation scope of this project. The statistical results showed that this project area includes a risk controllable area of 3.73 km2 . The detailed statistics results are shown in the following table. 152 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 4.9-2Statistics of risk controllable area in the project area (Unit: m2) Risk controllable area Unconta Newly-built No. Sub-region Enterprises Completed Remediation Subtotal mi-nated road in remediation projects in residentia (Tongxia production projects progress l area Road) 1 Tongtangwan 97593 222621 160132 5270 485616 2 Tongxia 111795 354837 39011 86131 591774 3 Qingshui 7122 181630 27406 36377 252535 4 Qingshi 638027 163351 36590 18821 856789 5 Xiangshiling 467759 347598 35183 850540 6 Yingfeng 26330 273360 299690 7 Qingshuihu 319741 55113 21046 395900 Total 1348625 1863138 193303 301461 26316 3732843 4.9.3.2 Risk acceptable area Risk acceptable area is defined as the area whose risk level confirmed by risk assessment and sample analysis is within the acceptable range for human body. The risk acceptable area of this project is 2.02km2. Table 4.9-3 Statistics of risk acceptable area in the project area (Unit: m2) No. Sub-region Risk acceptable area 1 Tongtangwan 114853 2 Tongxia 109121 3 Qingshui 402740 4 Qingshi 276025 5 Xiangshiling 308054 6 Yingfeng 410275 7 Qingshuihu 400616 Total 2021682 4.9.4 Conclusion of risk assessment (1) Remediation area The remediation area of this project is 2,727，116m2. (2) Remedial goals According to the Approval of Risk Assessment Report of Soil Contamination in Qingshui Sub-region of Qingshuitang Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou (XHH[2012] No. 105) issued by Zhuzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, it is approved that the soil remediation of core area of 16km2 in the Qingshuitang Industrial Zone refers to the risk control values determined by the risk assessment reports of soil contamination in Qingshui and Tongxia sub- regions. 153 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA The remedial goals of As, Cd and Pb in residential land are recommended as 30mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively; the remedial goals of As, Cd and Pb in non-residential land are recommended as 60mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 600mg/kg respectively. Figure Risk acceptable area Completed remediation projects Tongxia Road Enterprises in production Large residential areas Uncovered soil Figure4.9-4 Risk controllable area and risk acceptable area 154 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 5 Project Profile 5.1 Project overview Project name: The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project; Project site: Qingshuitang Industrial Zone in Zhuzhou; Construction unit: ZREIDC Project investment: RMB 1508 million; Project type: Environmental remediation project 5.2 Construction content and scale The project covers a total area of 8.48 km2. The east side of the project area is adjacent to Xiangtian Road, west side close to Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail, north side next to Zhuzhou Smelter, and south side adjacent to Xiang River River. Acoording to the overall planning and administrative division of the QIZ, the project area is divided into seven sub- regions, including Xiangshiling, Qingshi, Tongtangwan, Tongxia, Qingshui, Yingfeng, and Qingshuihu. The sub-region division is shown in Figure5.2-1. During the feasibility study of this project, the conclusions of soil pollution risk assessment has been re-analyzed to avoid repeated remediation under the precondition of pollution risk control. The whole project area is divided into risk acceptable area, risk controllable area and remediation area. The spatial distribution of different risk areas in the project is shown in Figure4.9-1. The risk acceptable area is 2.02 km2, and risk controllable area is 3.73 km2, totalling 5.75km2. The scope of risk acceptable area and risk controllable area is shown in Figure4.9-4. The risk acceptable area and risk controllable area are not included in the remediation scope of this project. However, these areas are a part of the project area. Any remediation activities in these areas in the future shall conform to the same environmental standards as this project. The remediation area is 2.73km2, within the scope of this remediation project. The remediation area is shown in Figure4.9-3. Most of the project activities will take place within the project area, except that 1) excavated soils from Tianchen Chemical Plant will be moved 155 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA to a cement plant outside QIZ for treatment because the soils contain organic pollutants, and 2) backfilling clean soils will come from other places in Zhuzhou. These off-site impacts and measures have been included in the project EA. The remediation works in this area are shown in Table 5.2-1. 156 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 5.2-1Main contents of the remediation project I. Soil surface cleaning and remediation 1. Area and volume of soil surface cleaning: soil area of 2.30km2; demolished building waste of 45843m3. （1） Cleaning of 6 closed companies: including Zhuzhou Yongfa Metal Refining Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Brothers Industry Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Kangli Smelting Plant, Zhuzhou Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Xinda Smelting Co., Ltd. and Zhuzhou Hehua Cement Plant, with a demolished area of 9546.8 m2, building waste of 6532.0 m3 and cleaning area of 21993 m2; （2） Cleaning of residential area: 94 households need to be relocated, involving 372 affected residents and concentrating in Xiawan New Village, Yingfeng Community, Qingxia Community and Jianshe Village, with a demolished area of 126811.1m2 and building waste of 39310m3. 2. Replacement of uncovered soil: the uncovered soil around the residential areas in Xiangshiling, Qingshi and Tongtangwan sub-regions and residential areas near demolished plants will be replaced. About 110855m2 of uncovered soil in non-remediation area needs to be replaced, the depth of replaced soil is 0.5m, and 55427.5m3 of clean soil are needed. 3. Soil remediation in contaminated sites: (1) Remediation technology and scale of heavy metal contaminated soil: refer to domestic standards and USEPA Super Fund Plan to determine the remediation method of this project. In-situ In-situ Ex-situ Transport to stabilization Remediation stabilization stabilization industrial Ecological Ecological and technique and and planning restoration interception ecological blockage solidification area restoration Area: m2 738968 128054 474202 622937 229266 98030 3 Volume: m 443381 76832 284521 373762 137560 58818 (2) 6 closed enterprises: 0.13km2. Contaminated soils excavated and moved to S/S facility. Amount: 74313m3; organic contaminated soil is located in the plant area of Zhuzhou Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with an area of 8274m2, contaminated soil quantity of 16548 m3. The organic contaminated soil is transported to Sinoma Zhuzhou Cement Co., Ltd for incineration disposal. 157 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 4、Waste piles treatment: the remaining waste piles in the project area include waste pile in Tongxia Sub-region, waste pile in the plant area of Hongxin Industry and sporadic residue along the Low Discharge Channel. The waste residue is excavated and directly transported to stablization or solidification treatment site, with a total volume of 84,700 m3. After treatment, the waste residue is delivered to the landfill site . II. Water and sediment remediation of ponds 1、Remediation work involves 26 ponds, with a total area of 0.17km2, water accumulating volume of 259,500m3 and contaminated sediment volume of 173,000m3. 2、Post –clean up ecological remediation of the Old Xiawangang Channel. Area: 54279m2 III. Infrastructure/treatment/diposal works for site remediation 1、 Renting stablization or solidification treatment site of Xinqiao waste pile: covering an area of 4000m³, with the maximum daily treament capacity of 400m³/d; 2、 Renting the dehydration site of Xiawangang: covering an area of 5500m2, including dehydration area of 4000m2 and temporary sediment storage site of 1500m2; 3、 Building a new dehydration site: covering an area of about 4200m2, including dehydration area of 4000 m2 and temporary sediment storage site of 200 m2; 4、 Building a new temporary storage site: building a temporary storage site besides the stablization or solidification treatment site, covering an area of 10000m2, with industrial waste of about 150,000m3. 5、 Landfill site: the abandoned limestone mine of Zhuzhou Heha Cement Plant will be built into a landfill site, covering an area of 38265m2, with available total capacity of 2million m³. 6、 Building new temporary roads: The main roads of this project include Tongxia Road, Qingxia Road, Old Tongxia Road and Huanbao Avenue under construction, supplemented by other village roads. The existing roads are taken full advantage of, village roads are appropriately improved, and some temporary roads are built to facilitate earthwork transport. Village Road of 13832m is reconstructed and temporary roads of 1802m are newly built. Ⅳ. Environmental Information and Demonstration Center To maximize the demonstration impact of the project, an environmental demonstration center will be established, which will not only serve as an environmental education platform for the public to review the pollution history, display remediation achievements and anticipate the 158 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA future development of environmental protection; but also a monitoring data center to provide support for environmental management and green development. The center will also provide information on area’s redevelopment plans and serve as a center for the affected to file their complaints. Specific activities include a management building with a construction area of 820m2; an environmental protection exhibition center with construction area of 7,150m2, and an experiment/demonstration base with an area of 40,000m2. Ⅴ. Studies （1）Study on Qingshuitang Brownfield Remediation and Strategic Planning：(i) recommendations for filling the potential gaps between the remediation results and future land use/urban development strategic planning, through defining remedial remediation targets or refining the strategic planning; (ii) a strategic environmental and social impact assessment for the remediation and redevelopment of Qingshuitang core zone; (iii) application of green remediation in the future remediation practices in Qingshuitang； (iv) policy recommendations for addressing policy, regulation, financing and market issues in the remediation and redevelopment. （2）Study on the compliance framework for Qingshuitang environmental quality and industrial pollution control： (i) regional groundwater monitoring and modelling; (ii) monitoring of industrial emissions, secondary pollution analysis and data analysis for environmental management. 159 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Beijing- Guangzhou high-speed Zhuzhou railway Smelter Xiangtian Road Xiang River Figure5.2-1 Project scope and partition map Note: Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project covers an area of 8.48km2. 160 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 2.73km2 of remediation area is divided according to the contaminated targets, as shown in Table 5.2-2. Table 5.2-2 Remediation area Unit: m2 Contaminated sites Area (m2) Pollutants to be treated Cd, As and Pb, Ni and benzopyrene Closed companies 191579 (Tiancheng Chemicals) Other contaminated soils 2291457 Old Xiawan Channel 54279 Cd, As and Pb Pond 172986 Waste pile 16815 Total quantity 2727116 Note: Uncovered soil area to be replaced in the non-remediation area is 0.11km2, which is included in the remediation area. The remediation scale in remediation area is shown in Table 5.2-3. Table 5.2-3 Remediation scale in remediation area Unit: m3 Quantity Total Item Remediation Area (m2) (m3) (m3) Construction waste cleanup of closed 9547 6532 companies 45842 Site cleanup Construction waste cleanup of 126811 39310 residential area Soil surface cleanup 2291457 Remediation of closed Site remediation of closed companies 191579 90861 90861 companies Yingfeng sub-region 183376 110026 Qingshuihu sub-region 895948 537569 Qingshui sub-region 411982 247189 Soil remediation of other Tongxia sub-region 231317 138790 1374874 contaminated sites Qingshi sub-region 28150 16890 Tongtangwan sub-region 538789 323273 Xiangshiling sub-region 1895 1137 Waste piles 16815 81652 Residue treatment 84652 Waste residue in closed companies 3000 Old Xiawangang Channel 54279 - - pond sediment remediation Pond sediment 172986 172986 172986 Uncovered soil remediation in Replacemnet of uncovered soil 110855 55428 55428 non-remeidation area The remediation quantities of heavy metal contaminated soil using different remediation techniques are shown in Table 5.2-4. 161 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 5.2-4Remediation quantities of heavy metal contaminated soil using different remediation techniques Remediation techniques Area (m2) Volume (m3) In-situ stabilization and blockage 738968 443381 In-situ stabilization and ecological restoration 128054 76832 Ex-situ stabilization and solidification 474202 284521 Transport to industrial planning area 622937 373762 Ecological restoration 229266 137560 Ecological interception 98030 58818 Total 2291457 1374874 162 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 6 Remediation Program 6.1 Soil surface cleanup Firstly, remediation site cleanup will be carried out, then remediation of waste residues left over from history and bottom mud of channels and ponds, and finally, treament of soil in the contaminated site. See Figure6.1-1 for cleanup route. Remediation site 治理区域 余物拆除 Dismantlement remaining of 杂物清理 Sundries cleanup structures Water flushing Closed facilities Resident Large-sized Other sundries 水冲洗 关闭企业 居民建筑 housings 大型木材 timbers 其余杂物 建筑垃圾 Construction wastes 冲洗水收集 Flushing water collection 回收利用 Recycling 码砌堆放 Stacking 资源回收 Resource recovery 破碎再利用 Crushing and recycling 稳定化 Water used/固化for stabilization/solidific 混凝土、道路 Concrete, roadbed, 用水 ation etc. 路基等 Figure6.1-1Cleanup route for the remediation site 6.1.1 Cleanup scale Prior to the remediation of contaminated soil in the remediation site, site cleanup shall be carried out. The cleanup involves dismantlement of buildings of six closed facilities and resident houses and removal of sundries including trees, stumps, tree roots, bushes and garbages in the treatmet site. See Figure6.1-2 for the location of six closed facilities. Apart from closed facilities, channels, ponds and water residue sites, the total area of soil involved in the project is 2.30 square kilometers, so the area of site cleanup is 2.30 square kilometers in total. The large-sized timbers produced during surface cleanup will be recycled, and other sundries will be transported for secure landfill. The buildings in the closed facilities and resident housings in the contaminated area will be dismantled and removed. See Figure6.1-3 ~ Figure6.1-8 for classification of buildings to be dismantled and to be washed as well as those not to be dismantled in the closed facilities. According to the estimation, the quantity of construction wastes is 45843 cubic meters, 163 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA among which, the area of buildings to be dismantled is 9546.8 square meters, producing wastes of 6532 cubic meters, and the area of resident housings to be dismantled is 21993 square meters, producing wastes of 39310 cubic meters. The construction wastes in the residential area will be crushed directly and used as aggregates of concrete and roadbed or backfilled in the area. Because the remaining buildings of the closed facilities are covered with dust produced during production, in order to prevent environmental contamination caused during transfer of construction wastes, the construction wastes shall be washed prior to being crushed, and then be crushed and used as aggregates of concrete and roadbed or backfilled in the area. 164 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 6.1-1Estimation of site cleanup quantity I. Cleanup of surface sundries in the site No. Sub-Region Area (m2) 1 Yingxia Sub-Region 183376 2 Qingshuihu Sub-Region 895948 3 Qingshui Sub-Region 411982 4 Tongxia Sub-Region 231317 5 Qingshi Sub-Region 28150 6 Tongtangwan Sub-Region 538789 7 Xiangshiling Sub-Region 1895 Total 2291457 II. Cleanup of buildings and structures in the closed facilities Area of Quantity Area of buildings Quantity of Equipment of Floor buildings to No. Enterprise to be construction to be flushing area/m2 3 be washed dismantled wastes /m 2 dismantled water /m /m2 /m3 1 Xinda Smelter 12270.6 4753.6 3252.5 97.8 None 1410.9 Brothers 0.0 2 22929.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 None Industry Production 1150.9 3 Yongfa Refinery 12779.2 3677 2515.8 180.0 equipment 4 Kangli Smelter 9906 1116.2 763.7 116.5 None 384.6 Tiancheng 0.0 5 104813.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 None Chemicals 6 Hehua Cement 28879.4 0.0 0.0 7316.5 Ball mill 4170.4 Total 191579 9546.8 6532.0 7710.8 7116.8 III. Cleanup of construction wastes in the residential area Area of buildings to be dismantled No. Region Quantity of construction wastes/m3 /m2 Xiangshiling 1 0.0 0.0 Sub-area Qingshuihu 2 2464.3 763.93 Sub-area Qingshui Sub- 3 0.0 0.0 area Yingfeng Sub- 4 0.0 0.0 area Qingshi Sub- 5 145.7 45.17 area Tongxia Sub- 6 6291 4167.9 area Tongtangwan 7 13091.1 4167.94 Sub-area Total 21993 39310 165 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Hehua Cement Xinda Smelter Kangli Smelter Brothers Industry Yongfa Refinery Tiancheng Chemicals Figure6.1-2Location map for closed facilities in the project scope 166 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Legend Factory scope Building not to be dismantled Bulding to be washed Building to be dismantled Figure6.1-3 Classification of buildings to be dismantled and to be washed in Yongfa Refinery Legend Factory scope Building not to be dismantled Bulding to be washed Building to be dismantled Figure6.1-4 Classification of buildings to be dismantled and to be washed in Brothers Industry 167 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Legend Factory scope Building not to be dismantled Bulding to be washed Building to be dismantled Figure6.1-5Classification of buildings to be dismantled and to be washed in Kangli Smelter Legend Factory scope Building not to be dismantled Bulding to be washed Building to be dismantled Figure6.1-6 Classification of buildings to be dismantled and to be washed in Tiancheng Chemicals 168 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Legend Factory scope Building not to be dismantled Bulding to be washed Building to be dismantled Figure6.1-7 Classification of buildings to be dismantled and to be washed in Xinda Smelter Legend Factory scope Building not to be dismantled Bulding to be washed Building to be dismantled Figure6.1-8 Classification of buildings to be dismantled and to be washed in Hehua Cement 169 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 6.1.2 Treatment program for surface sundries Except for vegetation and matters to be reserved, all trees, stumps, bushes and garbages in the remediation area shall be cleared, among which, the trees with DBH ＞15cm shall be sawed to certain length and then transported and used. As for surface soil and turf, the depth and range of cleanup shall be determined according to the site situation, and the cleanup wastes shall be transported to the solid waste landfill or stock site for stacking by category, in order to save land. Grubbing shall be carried out according to the situation of site cleanup. Wastes shall be stacked without interfering construction as well as agricultural production and environmental protection. All stumps, tree roots, bamboo roots and other organic matters in the remediation area shall be eradicated thoroughly, and in principle the depth of grubbing shall be more than 30cm. Dismantlement of original roads, bridges, culverts, pavements, sidewalks and rimstones shall be carried out after suitable arrangement. 6.1.3 Treatment program for construction wastes 6.1.3.1 Overview According to Zhuzhou Administrative Methods for Urban Construction Wastes, when carrying out building dismantlement, site grading, clearing of construction garbage and waste soil and other construction operations, watering shall be carried out at the same time in order to prevent flowing dust pollution. Vehicle flushing platform shall be set in the construction site, and vehicles shall be flushed before running out of the site. The construction site garbage shall be transported with enclosed vehicles and no garbage shall be obsolete or fled along the road. The treatment of construction wastes shall follow the principle of quantity reduction, re- utilization and harmlessness, and the comprehensive utilization of construction wastes shall be supported and encouraged. All underground structures, wall bases and foundations of other obstacles in the remediation scope shall be eradicated to certain depth. In case that blasting is required, the surrounding structures and facilities to be reserved shall be protected effectively, and related construction approval shall be obtained. The construction wastes produced after dismantling the structures in the closed facilities shall be crushed and washed in situ, and then be sorted manually and recycled. 170 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA The construction wastes in the residential area may be crushed in situ, and then be sorted manually and recycled, and no washing is required. 6.1.3.2 Resource recycling methods After being crushed and sorted to coarse and fine aggregates, the construction wastes will be used for making concrete, road base materials and building bricks instead of natural aggregates. Steel doors and windows, waste rebars, iron nails, cast-iron pipes and black and white plates shall be sorted and then transported to non-ferrous metals smelters or steelworks for smelting. Waste bricks and tiles may be reused after being cleared up. Waste ceramic tiles and sanitary wares may be crushed and sorted and then be used for making porous or sintering bricks. Waste glass may be sorted and be transported to glass ceramic plants or glass-works for making glass or glass ceramics as raw materials. Wooden roof trusses and doors and windows may be re-utilized or be recycled after being processed, or be used for making medium-density fiber boards. 6.1.3.3 Treatment of construction wastes (1) Site buildings in the closed facilities The buildings in the closed facilities are divided into two categories, i.e. structures to be dismantled and washed and structures not to be dismantled but to be washed. According to the investigation results of site contamination, the area of buildings to be dismantled in the closed facilities is 9546.8 square meters, producing construction wastes of 6532.0 cubic meters, which are mainly from structures directly related to production, stacking of raw and auxiliary materials and waste treatment and disposal. The area of buildings not to be dismantled but to be washed is 7710.8 square meters, mainly structures in office quarters and living quarters obviously contaminated during production. The quantity of water used for washing the exterior walls of structures is 7116.8 cubic meters, and the wastewater will be collected through grooves and into pre-sedimentation tanks, and then treated by mobile water treatment equipment for recycling. As for the construction wastes produced during dismantlement, the matters which may 171 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA be directly recycled, such as metallic materials, wooden materials and plastic materials, will be sorted manually and directly supplied to corresponding companies. Matters such as large- sized waste concrete, bricks and marbles will be crushed by mobile crushers and then transported to Zhuzhou Building Materials Plant for comprehensive utilization. After being sorted and crushed, the construction wastes shall be washed in situ, and the waste water shall be collected in pre-sedimentation tanks and treated by mobile water treatment equipment, and then be reused for washing. (2) Buildings in residential area The construction wastes produced during relocation in residential area shall be sorted and crushed and then be recycled. 6.2 Treatment program for soil in contaminated site 6.2.1 Plot contaminated soils remediation 6.2.1.1 Remediation scale According to the conclusions of risk assessment and reanalysis, the area of contaminated soil to be treated in the project is 2.30 square kilometers, and the quantity of soil is 1378.1 thousand cubic meters. According to the technical route, different remediation technologies will be applied for different land planning and different contamination extents of soil. See Figure6.2-1 for remediation technologies for contaminated soil, and see Table 6.2-1 for quantity of soil remediation in each region. 172 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 2 Remediation technology Area m In-situ stabilization + capping In-situ stabilization + vegetation covers Ex-situ stabilization/solidification Transport to industrial land Vegetation covers Ecological interception technology Closed enterprise Pond and channel Waste residue site Total Legend Figure6.2-1 Distribution map for remediation technologies for contaminated land 173 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA Table 6.2-1Estimation of quantities of soil remediation in different regions Xiangshiling Qingshuihu Sub- Qingshui Sub- Yingfeng Sub- Qingshi Sub- Tongxia Sub- Tongtangwan Total Sub-area area area area area area Sub-area Region Area Volume Area Volume Area Volume Area Volume Area Volume Area Volume Area Volume Area Volume (m2) (m3) (m2) (m3) (m2) (m3) (m2) (m3) (m2) (m3) (m2) (m3) (m2) (m3) (m2) (m3) In-situ stabilization 1895 1137 300529 180317 127461 76477 97278 58367 0 0 6510 3906 205295 123177 738968 443381 + capping In-situ stabilization 0 0 0 0 7820 4692 1057 634 0 0 79190 47514 39987 23992 128054 76832 + vegetation covers Ex-situ stabilization 0 0 50185 30111 79365 47619 18227 10936 28150 16890 133765 80259 164510 98706 474202 284521 + solidification Transport to non-sensitive 0 0 368085 220851 128079 76847 46557 27934 0 0 3978 2387 76238 45743 622937 373762 land Vegetation 0 0 124452 74671 39880 23928 9575 5745 0 0 2600 1560 52759 31655 229266 137560 covers Ecological interception 0 0 52697 31618 29377 17626 10682 6409 0 0 5274 3164 0 0 98030 58818 technology Total 1895 1137 895948 537569 411982 247189 183376 110026 28150 16890 231317 138790 538789 323273 2291457 1374874 174 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA 6.2.1.2 Technical route The project introduces the concept of single contamination index (Pi), which is used for evaluating the degree of soil contamination or the quality levels of soil environments. Pi is a kind of relative dimensionless index, and is also called sub-index. The mathematical expression is the ratio of the measured value of single contamination factor of soil (Ci) to the target value of cleaning (Si): Pi=Ci÷Si. Single contamination index (Pi) directly reflects times of ultra standard and contamination extent, and is the significant basis for determining soil environmental management. The higher the P value, the more severe the contamination. According to the target value determined by risk assessment and the measured value of soil contamination, Pi values of different extents of soil contamination are explained as below: Table 6.2-2Classification and explanation of single contamination index Pi Ratio Explanation Ratio of measured value of soil Indicate that the extent of soil contamination doesn’t contamination (Ci) to target value of soil P0 exceed the target value of soil cleanup in sensitive area, cleanup in sensitive area (S1) and there is no contamination Ci/S1≤1 Ratio of measured value of soil Indicate that the extent of soil contamination exceeds the contamination (Ci) to target value of soil target value of soil cleanup in sensitive area, but doesn’t P1 cleanup in sensitive area (S1) exceed the target value of soil cleanup in non-sensitive 11.5 And Ratio of measured value of soil contamination (Ci) to target value of soil Indicate that the extent of soil contamination exceeds the P3 cleanup in non-sensitive area (S2) target value of soil cleanup in non-sensitive area Ci/S2≤2； And Ratio of measured value of soil contamination (Ci) to target value of soil Indicate that the extent of soil contamination exceeds the P4 cleanup in non-sensitive area (S2) target value of soil cleanup in non-sensitive area Ci/S2>2 As for the contaminated soil for which the total concentration of heavy metals in the remediation area after cleanup exceeds the target value of cleanup, the unified remediation and disposal will be carried out according to particular pollutants in soil, contamination extents and land usage specified in Regulatory Detailed Planning for the Core Zone of Qingshuihu Eco-city in Zhuzhou City. 1) Areas planed as sensitive land: a) Area planned as residential land and educational land. Ex-situ remediation method 175 The World Bank-China Proposed Zhuzhou Brownfield Remediation Project EIA will be used, and then different remediation technologies will be applied according to contamination extents. When 1