RESTRICTED Report No. PE-32a This report is for of ficial use only by the Bank Group and specifically authorized organizations or persons, It may not be published, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION APPRAISAL OF A SECOND EDUCATION PROJECT IN THAILAND April 17, 1972 Education Projects Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS USED IN THIS REPORT US$1 = $20.8 $10.00 - US$0.480 $1,000 US$48.07 MEASURES 1 mile = 1.6093 km 1 acre = 0.A07 hectares FISCAL YEAR October 1 - September 30 KINGDOM OF THAILAND APPRAISAL OF AN EDUCATION PROJECT (KASETSART UNIVERSITY) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONS .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . i I. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 The Request .1... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Social and Economic Background . . . . . . . . . . 2 II. THE EDUCATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Structure, Organization, Administration . . . . . 3 Agricultural Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Kasetsart University . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Educational Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 III. NEED FOR TIE PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 General .... . . . . . . . o. . . . . . . . . 7 Agricultural Education, Training and Research . . 7 Agricultural Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Kasetsart University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Requirements and Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 IV. TiE PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 A. Technical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Faculty of Agriculture . . . . . . . . . 11 Faculty of Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . 11 Faculty of Forestry . . . . . . . . . . 11 Faculty of Veterinary Science . . . . . 12 Faculty of Engineering . . . . . . . . . 12 This report is based on the findings of an appraisal mission which visited Thailand in September-October 1970. The mission consisted of Messrs. K. Bahr (economist), D. Lewis (architect) and C. Vidalon (agricultural education) of the Banik and Messrs. I. Cunningham (veterinary education), and G. F. McClymont (agricultural education), consultants. Table of Contents (Continued) - 2 - Page No. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration. . . . . . . . 12 Faculty of Education . . . . . . . . . . 13 Faculty of Science and Arts . . . . . . 13 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . 13 B. Cost of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 C. Implementation and Disbursement . . . . . . . 17 Execution of the Project . . . . . . . . 17 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Professional Services . . . . . . 1s Campus Development and Construction . 19 Procurement of Furniture and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Disbursement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 V. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATION . . . . . . 21 APPENDIXES 1. Composition of the P.roposed Project 2. Technical Assistance ANNEXES 1. GDP and Employment by Sector, 1960-1976 2. Enrollments by Grades, 1960-1969 3. University Enrollment by Institution, 1960-1969 4. University Enrollment by Field of Study, 1965-1969 5. Government Expenditure and Education Expenditure, 1961-1970 6. Higher Education Expenditure and Enrollment 1965, 1969 7. Kasetsart University Expenditure, 1965, 1969 8. Kasetsart University, Faculty Staff, 1970, 1976, 1980 9. Employment of University Graduates in Agriculture, 1966-1985 10. Kasetsart University, Input, Enrollment and Output, by Faculty, 1967-1980 11. Summary of Estimated Capital Costs 12. Contingency Allowances 13. Forecast of Disbursement Comparative Education Indicators CHARTS 1. Structure of the Education System 2. Educational Pyramid 1969 3. Implementation, Expenditure and Disbursement Schedule MAP T H A I L A N D BASIC DATA FOR 1970 Population: total 36.2 million aged 5 -9 5.4 million aged 10 - 14 4.6 million growth rate 301% p.a. density 70 per km2 Enrollment ratio for age groups: 7-13 in elementary education 83.L% 14-18 in secondary education 12.8% 19-24 in higher education 1.8% Literacy rate 70% Total education expenditure as a % of GDP 3.6% Public education expenditure as a % of Government expenditure 15.8% Total education expenditure per capita US$6.5 KINGDOM OF THAILAND APPRAISAL OF A SECOND EDTUCATION PROJECT SUMkARY AND CONCLUSIONS i. The first loan made by the Bank to assist education in Thailand was for US$6 million in 1966 (471-TH) and designed to expand and improve technical and agricultural education at secondary level; the project will be completed satisfactorily in mid-1973. The proposed second education project would concentrate entirely on higher agricultural education. ii. The Government approved the Third National Economic and Social Development Plan (1972-76) in September, 1971. This emphasizes the develop- ment of agriculture, aiming at growth, diversification and productivity im- provement in the sector. Success will depend heavily on the expansion of in- tensive agriculture and modernized production and distribution methods. These will require a substantially greater number of university-trained personnel in agriculture and related fields. iii. Higher agricultural education has not responded adequately to labor market requirements and has expanded in an unsystematic way. The quality is low; there exist shortages of experienced university staff and agricultural school teachers. It is necessary to expand and improve agri- cultural education at university level with due attention to the needs of the economy. iv. The proposed project would asslst in improving and expanding university training and research in agriculture and related fields at Kasetsart University. The project would finance the construction and equipment of 4,165 places in teaching and research. To assist in curri- culum development, staff training, administration and project implementa- tion, 36-man-years of technical assistance would be included in the project. In addition, 6 man-years of technical assistance would be pro- vided for a study of veterinary education and a study of agricultural education, research and extension. v. Kasetsart University, located in a suburb of Bangkok, has in- adequate facilities for field work; it is overcrowded and cannot expand at its present site. Enrollment expansion and quality improvement require the addition of a new campus located in a rural environment. A suitable site for the new campus has been obtained at Kamphaengsaen, 80 km from Bangkok. vi. There would be a sufficient number of qualified students for entry to the University. Qualified teaching staff now in service, reinforced by additional staff provided under the fellowship program of the proposed proj- ect, would be adequate. - ii - vii. A project unit, to >e established by Kasetsart University, would be responsible for the implementation of all aspects of the project with the exception of the agricultural and veterinary education studies which would be organized and administered by the Ministry of Agriculture. A master plan for the physical development of the university would be prepared by a campus planning consultant and the design and construction of building works within the framework of this plan would be handled by consultant architects. Accom- modation schedules and furniture and equipment costs are considered suitable bases for the planning of physical facilities. viii. Including technical assistance, the project would be implemented in about six years; construction and equipment procurement would be completed in about four years. Contracts for civil works and for the procurement of furniture and equipment would be awarded on the basis of international com- petitive bidding in accordance with the Bank's guidelines. It is expected that all civil works contracts would be awarded to local firms. Local manu- facturers of furniture and equipment would be allowed a margin of preference equivalent to the existing customs duties applicable to competing imports or 15% of the c.i.f. price, whichever is the lower. ix. The total project cost is estimated at US$28.3 million equivalent. The proposed loan would meet the foreign exchange component of US$14.5 million and also the local currency portion of the ex-factory cost of furniture and equipment likely to be procured locally, which amount is estimated at US$0.9 million equivalent. x. The project is suitable as a basis for a Bank loan of US$15.4 million to the Kingdom of Thailand for a period of 30 years including a grace period of 10 years. I. INTRODUCTION The Request 1.01 The first Bank education loan to Thailand, made in 1966 (471-TH), provided US$6 million for equipment to expand 14 trades and industries schools, 10 agricultural schools and 2 industrial and agricultural instructor training institutions. The project will be satisfactorily completed in mid- 1973. 1.02 Recent Bank economic missions have emphasized the lack of qualified manpower at various levels and the need for change in education and training. In November, 1968, the Thai Government requested Bank financial assistance to develop Kasetsart University (K.U.). Reconnaissance missions in November, 1968 and April, 1969, discussed the university's proposals for expansion. These mainly concerned the already crowded Bangkhen campus in suburban Bangkok but included gradual development of a rural campus at Kamphaengsaen, 80 km from Bangkok. The Bank pressed for major development at the latter site so as to provide adequate facilities for field work. A joint FAO/Bank project preparation mission visited Thailand in May/June, 1969. However, project preparation could not be completed because of differences between the Bank and K.U. regarding the rate of development of the Kamphaengsaen campus. In December, 1969, an understanding with K.U. was reached on the simultaneous and compatible development of the two campuses. Project preparation was com- pleted in April, 1970, and an appraisal mission comprising Messrs. K. Bahr (economist), D. Lewis (architect), C. Vidalon (agricultural education) and consultants I. Cunningham (veterinary education) and G. McClymont (agricultural education) visited Thailand in September-October, 1970. The project data were reviewed subsequently by Messrs. S. J. C. Burt (educator) and K. Bahr (economist who visited Bangkok in December 1971. 1.03 The proposed project relates only to Kasetsart University but, in determining the size and content of the project, the present situation and foreseen development of the agricultural faculties of the Universities of Khonkaen, Chiengmai and Songkla, the veterinary faculty at Chulalongkorn University (Bangkok) and other relevant faculties have been taken into account. The proposed project includes only those areas of education and research in which K.U. possesses advantages over other Thai universities. 1.04 The project would assist the expansion and improvement of the agriculture faculty, the faculties of forestry, fisheries, education, veterinary science and the departments of agricultural engineering and agri- cultural economics; it would also provide necessary supporting facilities in the faculties of science and arts, engineering, and economics and business administration. The Kamphaengsaen campus would be developed into a viable unit to provide the production oriented programs and the courses related to agricultural practice for the entire university. There would be some expan- sion at Bangkhen. -2- 1.05 The proposed project would comprise: (i) site development, construction, furniture and equipment for teaching and research laboratories at Bangkhen and Kamphaengsaen; lecture rooms at Kamphaengsaen; boarding facilities, staff housing, a primary school and staff and student communal facilities at Kamphaengsaen; ancillary premises, such as libraries, central maintenance and storage rooms, administrative offices at both campuses; (ii) technical assistance for curriculum development, university management and project unit support; studies of veterinary education and agricultural education, research and extension; and overseas fellowships for staff development. The estimated total project cost would be US$28.3 million with a foreign exchange component of US$14.5 million. Social and Economic Background 1.06 Preliminary results of the 1970 population census indicate that the population was approximately 36.2 million by mid-1970, and had increased by 3.1% p.a. since the 1960 census count. About 70% of the population is literate. Some 80% of the population live in rural areas. 45% of the population is below 15 years of age. Of over 16 million labor force, 12.8 million persons are engaged in agriculture. Of the 3.5 million wage earners, 34% are employed in government services. Rural underemployment is wide- spread, particularly during the dry season. 1.07 Agriculture is the leading sector of the economy, accounting for about 30% of GDP and 78% of all employed persons in 1970. Agricultural commodities account for about 70% of merchandise exports; rice alone accounts for 17%. The economy has grown at the rate of 9% p.a. in 1966-69; agricultural production increased by 5.6% p.a. during 1966-70. In 1971 per capita GNP reached US$183 (in current prices). 1.08 The Third Five-Year Development Plan (1972-76), was approved by the Cabinet in September, 1971. Its major objective is to sustain GDP growth of 7% p.a. while maintaining monetary and financial stability. The Plan gives high priority to the agricultural sector, aiming at increased productivity and greater diversification. - 3 - II. THE EDUCATION SYSTEM 2.01 Education in Thailand is marked by wide discrepancies of opportun- ities between rural and urban areas, uncoordinated planning, divided admin- istrative responsibility and partly inappropriate curricula. Structure, Organization, Administration 2.02 The system of education comprises a 7-year elementary (4 years lower and 3 years upper) and a 5-year secondary program (3 years lower and 2 years upper level) (Chart 1). Compulsory education, originally for the first 4 years, is being extended gradually through the seventh grade. Higher education consists of two-year diploma level colleges and 4-year degree level universities, including graduate programs in various fields (Annex 2 and Chart 2). At the secondary level private schools play an important role with 48% of total enrollment in 1970. 2.03 The effectiveness of the Ministry of Education is limited by a lack of coordination among its departments and by the fact that the Ministry of Interior is responsible for primary schools and the Prime Minister's Office for universities. 2.04 Educational planning is not well developed and its impact on education policy has so far been small. The National Economic Development Board (NEDB), the government planning agency, assesses the manpower requirements which serve as guidelines for educational development. Its Executive Committee approves the education plan along with the Executive Committee of the National Education Council (NEC). These two bodies and the Ministry of Education established joint planning procedures in preparing the Third Plan's education policy. This policy has a dual emphasis: (i) to expand enrollment to meet the educational needs of the rapidly increasing school-age population, and (ii) to improve the quality of education in order to produce the qualified manpower needed by the devel- oping economy. 2.05 Thailand has eight universities, the National Institute for Devel- opment Administration and six diploma-level institutions. Six of the uni- versities are located in the Bangkok area. In 1969 some 44,700 students were enrolled: 39% in social sciences, 16% in education, 15% in natural sciences and engineering, 14% in medicine and 8% in agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary science (Annexes 3 and 4). Programs and curricula have to be approved by NEC. The annual budgets are submitted separately by each university to the Budget Bureau (under the Office of the Prime Minister). Within the universities the individual faculties or departments have a high degree of autonomy and the academic and administrative power of the deans is very broad. Appointments, promotions and salaries are determined by the Civil Service Commission. This division of responsibi- lities for current operations and university development seriously limits academic and administrative performance. Recently, the Government has taken steps to rationalize procedures. - 4 - 2.06 Students are admitted to university through a national entrance examination administered by NEC. At the undergraduate level, Diploma (2-3 years) and Bachelor degree (4-years) courses are offered. At the graduate level, Higher Certificate (1-year) and Masters (2-vear) courses are given. Graduates of teachers' colleges and technical institutes can enter universities and earn a Bachelor's degree in a 2-vear course. In 1967, out of 1,800 university teaching staff, 167 held Doctorates, 643 Master's degrees and 990 Bachelor's degrees. Agricultural Education 2.07 Agriculture is part of the curriculum of some lower secondary schools (grades 8-10). There are 26 vocational agricultural schools of which 23 offer a three-year certificate course (grades 11-13) and three provide a 2-year diploma course (grades 14-15) to certificate holders. In addition, there is one agricultural teacher training college at diploma level and two agricultural schools offering a 3-year course for young farm- ers. Enrollment in vocational agricultural schools reached 7,770 in 1970. 2.08 Three universities (Kasetsart, Khonkaen and Chiengmai) have agriculture and related faculties, with 3,200 students in 1969-1970, produc- ing some 400 graduates in agriculture, agricultural engineering, agricultural economics and agricultural education, 100 graduates in forestry, 50 in fish- eries and 30 in veterinary science in 1969. 2.09 Graduates from all levels of agricultural education primarily seek government employment although the private sector is taking an increas- ing number. About 40% of university graduates are employed in the Ministry of Agriculture, 35% in public and private industry, 15% in the Department of Land Development in the Ministry of National Development and the remain- der in universities. 2.10 Agricultural education institutions in general, including the universities, suffer from lack of adequately trained staff, practical orientation and experience with modern agricultural techniques. Kasetsart University 2.11 Kasetsart University evolved from a Ministry of Agriculture college established in 1939 at Bangkhen, then a rural area outside Bangkok. In the course of time, suburban Bangkok has grown and now surrounds the university site. Simultaneously, the university has added several facul- ties and now comprises faculties of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, vet- erinary science, engineering, arts and science, education, economics and business administration. The University operates five experimental farms, four forestry stations and two fishery stations located in various parts of Thailand, all mainly used for research. The University also offers infor- mation programs for extension personnel and farmers. Although the level -5- of agricultural education in Thailand is generally low, teaching and research standards at K.U. are well above those of the agricultural faculties of the universities of Chiengmai and Khonkaen. The number of subjects offered is also greater. For many years K.U. will continue to be the country's main source of graduates trained in all fields of agriculture, providing about 70% of these graduates. 2.12 To fulfill its training and research function properly and to support the intended Government programs for modernization of agriculture, K.U. is implementing a development plan (1968-74), formulated with assis- tance from the Rockefeller Foundation. Under this plan, enrollment will increase from 3,800 in 1970 to 5,800 in 1980; the number of teachers will increase under a staff development plan and their qualification and experi- ence level will improve substantially; research, teaching and training facilities and equipment will also be improved. The development of a second campus, at Kamphaengsaen, has begun. The proposed project is based on this plan. Educational Finance 2.13 The Budget Bureau (Prime Minister's office) allocates all public funds in close cooperation with NEDB, which is responsible for coordinating development expenditure. Until 1970 the universities and even indivi- dual faculties negotiated directly with the Budget Bureau but, in the future, university budgets are to be reviewed by NEC prior to the submission to the Budget Bureau. Two major weaknesses of educational finance in Thailand are: (i) the wide salary difference between government and private employ- ment for equally qualified personnel (adversely affecting the numbers and quality of secondary school teachers and especially university teachers); and (ii) the lack of incentives for qualified teachers to seek employment in schools and universities outside the Bangkok area. NEC has recently completed proposals for a major reform of the university salary structure. 2.14 The following table summarizes educational finance for 1965 to 1970 (Annexes 5, 6 and 7) and indicates trends up to 1975: -6- Annual 1965 1970 Increase 1975 (millions of baht) 1965-70 (million of 1970 baht) GDP 84,300 135,320 9.9% n.a. Total Government Expenditure 13,100 24,785 13.6% n.a. Total Education Expenditure (public and private) 2,684 4,930 13.0% 9,500 Government Education Expenditure 2,100 3,918 13.3% 7,500 Total University Expenditure 272 628 18.2% 1,500 Kasetsart University Expenditure 24 88 29.5% 250 2.15 Education expenditures (Annex 5), amounting to 4.9 billion baht (US$236 million) in 1970, accounted for a slowly but steadily increasing share of both GDP (3.2% in 1965; 3.6% in 1970) and Government expenditure (16% in 1965; 15.8% in 1970). Both ratios are low by comparison with most other developing countries. Education expenditures grew by 13% annually compared to 10.2% annual growth of overall enrollment. 2.16 University expenditures are increasing at a faster rate than total education expenditure. In 1970 they represented 16% of government education expenditure against 13% in 1965. The average annual expendi- ture increase was 18% while enrollment increased by less than 4% p.a. The share of capital expenditure rose from 31% in 1965 to an unusually high of 41% in 1969. 2.17 Expenditures on Kasetsart University (Annex 7) have increased by 30% p.a. since 1965, which is the second highest growth rate of all universities in the country. Enrollment increased by almost 12% p.a. during the same period. The extensive construction program underway since 1968 led to more than 45% average annual growth of capital expenditure raising its relative share from 33% to 52%. This high percentage, typical for a development period, would tend to fall considerably in the long run. 2.18 Education expenditure trends are not likely to change before 1975. The increase in government education expenditure is not expected to exceed 14% annually. Kasetsart University expenditure growth will decrease to about 24% annually, which would still be very high compared with other educational institutions in Thailand. - 7 - 2.19 About 15% of an estimated US$ 20 million in foreign education assistance (both in money and in kind) during the period 1967-1970 went to universities in support of regular teaching and training activities. In addition, an estimated US$3 million of foreign assistance supported university research programs. Kasetsart University has received assistance for fellowships and research from various bilateral and multilateral sources; in particular, from the Rockefeller Foundation, USAID, FAO and Colombo Plan. At present, the Rockefeller Foundation is assisting teaching and research activities with staff and funds. The Foundation also provides university planning support. III. NEED FOR THE PROJECT General 3.01 To a large extent, Thailand's economic future depends on the intro- duction of basic changes in agriculture, affecting production techniques and patterns, product diversification, marketing, rural community development, and private and public agricultural services. Major development objectives of Thailand are to: (i) maintain and possibly improve the present food supply for the fast-growing population; (ii) expand agricultural exports; and (iii) increase employment opportunities for rural manpower who cannot be absorbed by the non-agricultural sectors. 3.02 These objectives can only be met if agricultural output increases faster than in recent years. Intensive production methods will have to be used since the possibility for expansion of the cultivated area is limited. The possibilities for both output and employment growth are good. In Thailand only about 50 persons are employed per 100 acres, as compared to 70 in Taiwan and 100 in Japan. At the same time the average acre yield (for all cereal crops) in Taiwan and Japan was more than 2.5 times that of Thailand. Al- though possibly as much as 20 percent of the cultivated land in Thailand is under some form of water control only about 3 percent is under double cropping. The integration of livestock production into farming systems is only beginning. 3.03 UJnder the Third Plan (1972-76) agricultural production, including livestock, fisherv and forestry, is expected to be intensified and diversified in specific areas suitable for export crops or domestic consumption. The use of agricultural infrastructure will be increased and the forestry and fisheries sectors will receive particular attention. At present, however, two serious obstacles endanger these goals: the low level of modern agricultural knowledge and the inadequacy of extension services. Agricultural Education, Training and Research 3.04 Agricultural education and training at all levels are not of high quality and contribute little to agricultural development. The reasons for this are lack of qualified teaching and research staff, obsolete curricula and training methods not related to the need for intensive use of the land, crop diversification and better utilization of rural labor resources. The establishment of four regional agricultural research centers in recent years should help meet Thailand's agricultural research needs but they need to be further strengthened with suitably trained staff. Agricultural Extension 3.05 Extension services are the responsibility of the Department of Agricultural Extension, established in 1968 within the Ministry of Agriculture. It operates through regional, provincial and local offices. Few extension workers have a farm family background: their practical train- ing and agricultural experience is insufficient. Moreover, they tend to be administrators rather than extension workers since at least half of their working time is spent on administration; they are under the supervision of the provincial Governors who report to the Ministry of Interior and not to the Ministry of Agriculture. The present operational ratio of extension agents to farm families is as low as about 1:4,000. Kasetsart University 3.06 To help overcome the shortcomings and achieve the goals described above, it is necessary to strengthen agricultural training and research at the university level. The country's three faculties of agriculture (para. 2.08) and the related faculties (forestry, fisheries, veterinary science, agricultural engineering, economics, and education) provide uni- versity trained manpower for: (i) agricultural education and training at lower levels; (ii) agricultural research institutions; and (iii) extension and other public and private agricultural services. Although K.U. is the best equipped and staffed higher agricultural education institution in the country, further improvements are urgently needed. The academic qualifica- tions of its teaching staff are relatively low; only 37% hold a Masters degree and as few as 8% have a Doctorate (Annex 8). The majority of its buildings are sub-standard, overcrowded and scattered. Its laboratories and other academic facilities are largely insufficient, some being obsolete, for effective teaching and research. The available land at the Bangkhen campus is inadequate for teaching and research. 3.07 A new site in a rural environment for all production oriented teach- ing and research programs of K.U. is required. In addition, improvement in research facilities including equipment, improvements in curricula and train- ing methods and a rapid increase in qualified staff are needed. The latter can best be achieved through a comprehensive fellowship program. In order to cope efficiently with the foreseen expansion of the academic activities, K.U. management also needs assistance. -9- Requirements and Supply 3.08 Enrollment expansion in Kasetsart University is determined by the requirements for qualified university graduates in agriculture and the national supply of graduates to meet these needs. Requirements and supply estimates for 1976-1985 are shown in Annex 9 and 10 and summarized below: REQUIREMENTS (number of graduates SUPPLY required annually for (number of expansion and replacement) graduates annually) 1976-80 1981-85 1976-80 1981-85 Agriculture (incl. ag. engineering, ag. economics. ax. 810 1,150 (a) 730 780 education) (b) 780 1,020 Forestry 200 200 (a) 180 180 (b) 190 190 Fisheries 50 55 (a) 40 40 (b) 45 50 Veterinary Science 50 60 (a) 50 90 (b) 50 60* (a) without project (b) with project * Assuming that the Veterinary Science Faculty in KU will be the only one in the country. 3.09 The table shows the widening gap between requirements and supply of university graduates and the essential contribution of the proposed project in meeting manpower needs in that sector. In addition to meeting quantita- tive requirements the project would very substantially narrow the qualita- tive gap (para. 3.04) through provision of laboratory facilities and through a staff development program. The figures also show that the veterinary sector tends to develop in an unbalanced way and special measures would be required to prevent long-term over supply of veterinary graduates. The proposed project, therefore, includes provision for a study of veterinary education in the country. - 10 - IV. THE PROJECT A. Technical Description 4.01 To assist in expanding and improving the faculty of agriculture and other related supporting faculties of Kasetsart University, the project would finance: (i) site development, construction, furniture and equipment for specialized teaching and research premises for the Faculties of: Existing Campus New Campus (Bangkhen) (Kamphaengsaen) Agriculture 380 places 955 places Fisheries 165 " Forestry 170 Veterinary Science - 400 places Engineering - 130 Economics and Business Administration 90 places 35 " Science and Arts (Agric. related fields only) 740 " TOTAL 1,545 places 1,520 places Central Lecture Premises - 1,100 Multi-purpose Hall 1,550 Students' Dormitories 1,550 Staff Housing 380 units Primary School (for children of KU staff) 300 places Administration and Communal Facilities Administrative offices, a university center, two central libraries, two health centers; faculty club and farm and research premises. - 11 - (ii) Technical Assistance: A total of 42 man-years of technical assistance would be provided: 27 for curriculum development, 6 for studies, 9 for university management and project unit support; together with 400 man-years of overseas fellowships. 4.02 The greater part of the project would relate to the development of the new campus at Kamphaengsaen to which would be transferred all courses requiring practical training in an agricultural environment. During negotia- tion, it was agreed that the university would prepare a program for the transfer of facilities and courses from Bangkhen to Kamphaengsaen. In par- ticular, the new campus would offer complete programs for: (i) 3rd and 4th year students in soils, animal science, plant science, agricultural economics and farm mechanics; (ii) 4th year students in agricultural engineering, ir- rigation and agricultural education; and (iii) 3rd to 6th year students in veterinary science; all incorporating facilities also for the Graduate school. 4.03 The proposed project would lead to a substantial improvement in the quality of teaching and research and would increase the enrollment ca- pacity of K.U. by 1,520 places. It would also provide the infrastructure for the new campus at Kamphaengsaen, thus allowing completion of this campus under a future development program. Faculty of Agriculture 4.04 The project would provide academic buildings and equipment at the suburban campus at Bangkhen for expansion and improvement of undergrad- uate and graduate programs. All the buildings and equipment for teaching and research in soils, crops, pastures and livestock, would be built on the Kamphangsaen campus. Faculty of Fisheries 4.05 A new building would be constructed at Bangkhen to provide staff offices, research facilities for staff and students and special laborator- ies for undergraduate and post-graduate teaching in fish culture, fish biology, fish management and fish processing. A field station at Kamphaeng- saen would provide for research programs in breeding and management of stock for inland fisheries. Faculty of Forestry 4.06 The project would provide an additional building at Bangkhen to allow for increased enrollment and improved facilities for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. All buildings are located in the area earmarked for the use of the Ministry of Agriculture (para. 2.11) and most of them are new and suitable for the programs of the Faculty. Assurances were obtained during negotiations that the Government would, until suitable - 12 - replacement facilities are made available to the University, permit the use of those buildings and premises by the Faculty of Forestry and would furnish to the Bank a copy of its authorization to that effect. Faculty of Veterinary Science 4.07 The K.U. Faculty of Veterinary Science is located in an inadequate building far from the rest of the campus; it is too small for the curricu- lum, its animal clinic is poorly equipped and the urban environment of Bangkhen is not suited for training veterinarians for work on farm animals. The second veterinary faculty of the country, at Chulalongkorn University in the city of Bangkok, is disconnected from any rural environ- ment and its curriculum aims at training veterinarians for clinical practice with individual sick animals. In their present structure and at their present location, neither of the two faculties meet the country's needs for veterinary services. The existing facillties of the two faculties cannot be expanded or converted to achieve this aim. The project would therefore include new facilities for a complete veterinary faculty at K.U.'s Kamphaengsaen campus, to provide a curriculum aimed at the design, implemen- tation and supervision of diagnostic and disease control programs. 4.08 The decision to be taken is whether continued support of two faculties in the future would be justified or whether one faculty, applying a curriculum fully adapted to the country's needs, would be adequate (para. 3.09). Therefore, a study on veterinary education and training, on the vet- erinary services and on requirements and employment opportunities for veterinarians, is included in the proposed project. 4.09 Because the K.U. veterinary science courses should, in any case, be relocated at Kamphaengsaen, assurances were obtained during negotiations that the Veterinary Faculty buildings at Bangkhen would not be expanded, that the university would transfer to Kamphaengsaen all facilities for the professional years of veterinary science courses when the facilities at Kamphaengsaen are completed. The equipment and furniture provided under the proposed loan could be used at Bangkhen but transferred to the new campus when the Kamphaengsaen facilities have been completed. Faculty of Engineerlng 4.10 Facilities would be provided at Kamphaengsaen for all fourth year students in agricultural and irrigation engineering. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 4.11 The project would provide teaching and research facilities for the Agricultural Economics Department at both campuses. - 13 - Faculty of Education 4.12 An enrollment increase from 135 in 1971 to 700 by 1980 is planned by the University. This latter figure comprises 320 students in programs for physical education teachers and 380 students in agricultural educa- tion. The project would assist only the department of agricultural education; its curriculum contains 75% of agricultural subjects taught in the Faculty of Agriculture and other faculties and 25% education related subjects taught in the Faculty of Education. During negotiations, assurances were obtained that the Government would make the necessary financial allocations to enable the Faculty of Education to achieve a total enrollment of at least 280 agri- cultural education students by 1976 and 380 students by 1979 and in each suc- ceeding year thereafter. Faculty of Science and Arts 4.13 The project would expand and improve facilities used for service courses to other faculties in basic physical, biological and social sciences, mathematics and languages. These courses involved the equivalent of 1,400 full-time students in 1970 and would involve 2,000 after completion of the project. The Faculty also teaches four-year degree courses in physics, chemistry, biology, social science, humanities and mathematics. Technical Assistance 4.14 The Project would provide for 27 man-years of specialist services for curriculum development (Appendix 2). Detailed allocation between fields and between short-term and longer term appointments would be determined by the Project Unit. The appointment of curriculum development specialists would be under terms and conditions acceptable to the Bank. 4.15 The project would also provide 2-1/2 man-years of specialist services for university management to strengthen the administrative organization of the university. For project unit support 6-1/2 man-years would be provided. The appointment of these specialists would be under terms and conditions acceptable to the Bank. 4.16 Considerable fellowship assistance for graduate training i8 needed to bring the academic staff up to satisfactory standards for teaching, re- search and graduate training. The objective (para. 3.06) to be achieved, as soon as possible, is that 75% of the staff will have higher degrees (25% with Ph.D's and 50% with Masters) and so enable K.U. to develop its own graduate programs and make the country to a great extent self-sufficient in training at this level. 4.17 The 400 man-years of overseas fellowships included in the proposed project would advance K.U. towards this objective. The project includes: for - 14 - the Faculty of Agriculture 111 fellowship man-years; Engineering 31; Veteri- nary Science 30; Education 33; Economics and Business Administration 40; Science and Arts 96; Fisheries 22 and Forestry 37. The selection of fields of study, personnel, training programs, and training institutions would be undertaken by the University Fellowship Committee. Before fellow- ships are awarded, the University would discuss the proposed program with the Bank. 4.18 Veterinary education should be adapted to the needs of the economy (para. 4.08). Specialist services would be included in the project for a study on veterinary education and training, on the veterinary services and on requirements and employment opportunities for veterinarians. 4.19 Agricultural education and training as well as agricultural re- search and extension services have grown largely unrelated to renuired agricultural developments (para. 2.10 and 3.04). In view of their great importance for Thailand, the proposed project would include specialist services for a study of all levels of agricultural education and training and of agricultural research and extension services. 4.20 The two studies referred to above (paras 4.18 and 4.19) would be carried out under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture for which the project would provide six man-years of specialist services. The terms of reference for the studies as well as the terms and conditions of apDointment of the experts would be acceptable to the Bank. Assurances were obtained during negotiations that the Government would complete these studies within eighteen months from the date of the Loan Agreement, and would discuss with- the Bank the results of these studies and the Covernment's proposals for giving effect to any recommendations therein. B. Cost of the Prolect 4.21 The total cost of the project is estimated at Baht 589.3 million (US$28.3 million). Some 54% of the total project cost relates to the establishment of the new campus at Kamphaengsaen; 337 to the expansion and improvement of the Bangkhen campus and about 137 to technical assistance provisions, including contingency allowances. A cost breakdown by component items is given in Annex 11. The project cost by types of accommodation, furniture, equipment, services, etc. is estimated as follows: - 15 - % of Baht (millions) US Dollars(millions) Total % of Project Foreign Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Cost Exchange 1. Campus Development kroads, utiflities,build- ing site develop.etc.) a) Civil Works 35.8 20.8 56.6 1.72 1.00 2.72 9.6% 36.7% b) Prof. Fees 1.6 5.8 7.4 0.07 0.28 0.35 1.3% 80.0% Sub-Total 37.4 26.6 64.0 1.79 1.28 3.07 10.9% 41.7% 2. Buildings a) Academic & Communal 63.1 36.5 99.6 3.03 1.76 4.79 16.9% 36.7% b) Farm and Field 6.8 4.0 10.8 0.33 0.19 0.52 1.8% 36.7% c) Students Boarding 21.5 12.5 34.0 1.04 0.60 1.64 5.8% 36.7% d) Staff Housing & School 22.7 13.2 35.9 1.09 0.63 1.72 6.1% 36.7% Total Construction 114.1 66.2 180.3 5.49 3.18 8.67 30.6% 36.7% e) Prof. Fees 12.1 1.4 13.5 0.58 0.07 0.65 2.3% 10.7% Sub-Total 126.2 67.6 193.8 6.07 3.25 9.32 32.9% 34.9% 3. Furniture 26.2. 2 2 32.4 1.26 0.30 1.56 5.5% 19.1% 4. Equipment 44.5 88.8 133.3 2.14 4.27 6.41 22.6% 66.6% 5. Technical Assistance 6.6 59.3 65.9 0.32 2.85 3.17 11.2% 90.0% 6. Contingencies a) Physical 23.6 18.9 42.5 1.13 0.91 2.04 7.2% 44.5% b) Price Increase 23.2 34.2 57.4 1.12 1.64 2.76 9.7% 59.5% Sub-Total 46.8 53.1 99.9 2.25 2.55 4.80 16.9% 53.2% TOTAL 287.7 301.6 589.3 13.83 14.50 28.33 100 % 51.2% - 16 - 4.22 The university's new campus at Kamphaengsaen covers nearly 3100 acres. Bangkhen has sufficient land for the new construction on that site. 4.23 Campus development estimates for roads, electricity, water supply, drainage and other services necessary to support construction, are based on recent costs for similar works. 4.24 Construction estimates are the product of re-assessed accommodation schedules and of revised unit area costs. Accommodation schedules have been adjusted to standards appropriate for the combination of courses offered. The relatively large academic and training area per student place (24m2) is due to the high proportion of courses with exceptionally high space require- ments, e.g., veterinary science and agricultural engineering. 4.25 The estimated unit area costs are based on the construction costs for recent university proje2ts of similar type in the Bangkok area. They averape about US$67.5 per m for academic and communal facilities and US$65 per m for boarding facilities, whiPh is reasonable for the standard of con- struction required. The cost per m in the Bank assisted first education pro- ject in Thailand was $55; the rates for corresponding facilities in the Uni- versity of Singapore project are estimated at US$100 and US$80.7 respectively. 4.26 Furniture and equipment cost estimates have been reviewed for all courses; it is expected that all furniture would be manufactured locally and all equipment would be imported. Local currency cost estimates for equipment include import duties, local taxes, port, warehousing and handling charges, transportation to sites and checking and assembly costs which together are equivalent to about 50% of c.i.f. landed costs. 4.27 The foreign exchange component of US$14.5 million equivalent consists of 100% of the c.i.f. landed costs of equipment (or 67% of total cost at the point of installation); 100% of total costs of fellowships; 80% of campus planning services; 80% of the costs of foreign specialists; 37% of construction and campus development costs; 19% of costs of furniture (representing the import element of locally manufactured furniture) and 11% of costs of consulting architects. 4.28 Contingency allowances (Annex 12) are based on: (i) possible cost increases estimated at 5% p.a. for imported goods and services and 3.5% p.a. for domestic goods and services; and (ii) a 10% provision to cover unforeseen events in campus development, construction, furnishing and equipping and consultants' fees. All contingencies account for 16.9% of total project cost and 20.4% of the cost before contingencies. - 17 - 4.29 Facilities provided at the Bangkhen campus would be an expansion of existing premises whereas those at the Kamphaengsaen campus would be en- tirely new. Housing for all staff to be stationed at Kamphaengsaen is in- cluded. Estimated costs per student place at Kamphaengsaen, excluding con- tingencies and professional fees, are as follows: COSTS PER STUDENT PLACE OR LIVING UNIT IN US$ 2 Total m er Campus & Incl. Excl. Type of Student Site Dev. Build- Furn- Equip- Campus & Campus & Facilities Place or ings iture ment Site Dev. Site Dev. Living Unit Academic & Communal 23.9 405 1,625 446 1,253 3,729 3,324 Students' Boarding 16.3 302 1,055 115 12 1,484 1,182 Staff Housing 80.0 1,475 4,074 - - 5,549 4,074 4.30 The unit costs given above are not readily comparable with those for institutions in other Bank-Group financed education projects due to differences in levels, length, complexity and specialization of courses. Given these limitations, the unit cost for academic and communal facilities is in line with estimated costs of $3,800 per place for the University of Singapore and $3,718 per place for the School of Engineering at the Uni- versity of Zambia. The cost per boarding place may be compared to the $2,600 per place estimated for the University of Singapore and $2,300 per place for the University of Zambia. 4.31 The estimated recurrent costs created by the project would amount to less than 2% of all public recurrent education expenditures. The govern- ment should be able to meet these costs and its share of the capital costs without curtailing expenditures for other on-going education activities and without overburdening the education budget. C. Implementation and Disbursement Execution of the Project 4.32 Construction work and furniture and equipment procurement would be completed in about four years but the completion of technical assistance ser- vices and of fellowship programs would require about six years (Chart 3). An estimated schedule of disbursement is shown at Annex 13. - 18 - Administration 4.33 A Project Unit to be established within the office of the Univer- sity Rector would be responsible for the financial and administrative control of the project (with the exception of the studies of agricultural and vet- erinary education) and its proper execution, including (a) the engagement and briefing of campus planning and architectural consultants and the coordi- nation of their services; (b) the engagement, briefing and coordination of specialists to be employed at K.U. under technical assistance; (c) the preparation of master lists of furniture and equipment; (d) procurement of civil works, furniture and equipment, and the subsequent evaluation of bids with recommendations regarding the award of contracts; (e) the supervision of construction; (f) coordination with relevant agencies such as NEC, NEDB and the Ministries of Agriculture, Education and Finance; and (g) liaison with the Bank. 4.34 The Project Unit would be headed by the Rector of the University who would be the project director. The Bank has agreed to persons already designated by the University for the positions of deputy director, project secretary and the full-time coordinator to whom the project director would delegate authority for day-to-day supervision of the units' operations. The Bank has also agreed to the architect selected by the University for the position of project architect to be provided under technical assistance. The unit would be further strengthened by an administrative adviser accept- able to the Bank, also to be provided under technical assistance, and would include an accountant and adequate supporting staff. 4.35 The University Fellowship Committee would award the fellowships provided under the project (para. 4.17). It would be chaired by the project director; the Dean of the Graduate School and the Vice Rector for Develop- ment would be ex officio members. The Project Unit would be responsible for the administration of the fellowship program. Professional Services 4.36 The organization of the studies on (i) agricultural education, research and extension and (ii) veterinary education and the engagement and briefing c- the specialists to be supplied under the technical assistance section of the project would be undertaken by the Ministry of Agriculture which would provide direct liaison with the Bank concerning the implementation of these project items. 4.37 To coordinate and control the construction under the project and to provide guidelines for the future physical development of the university, experienced campus planning consultants, acceptable to the Bank, would be retained. They would prepare a comprehensive plan for the simultaneous development of both campuses and establish criteria to control the archi- tectural design of individual buildings. They would also prepare specifi- cations for roads, utilities and other preparatory campus development works and supervise their implementation under civil engineering contracts. - 19 - 4.38 Experienced consultant architects, acceptable to the Bank, would be employed to design individual buildings or groups of buildings in accordance with the criteria established by the campus planning consultants. Local firms are capable of providing such services. Campus Development and Construction 4.39 Civil engineering contracts (for campus development work) and con- struction contracts would be awarded on the basis of international competi- tive bidding in accordance with the Bank's guidelines. It is expected that such contracts would go to local firms as the country has a competitive con- struction industry with sufficient capacity to meet the requirements of the proposed project. Procurement of Furniture and Equipment 4.40 Contracts for the supply of furniture and equipment would be awarded on the basis of international competitive biddding in accordance with the Bank's guidelines. Local furniture and equipment manufacturers would be allowed a preferential margin of 15% of the c.i.f. cost of competing imports or the existing rate of customs duty applicable, whichever is the lower. It is expected that all furniture contracts would go to local manufacturers and all equipment contracts to foreign suppliers. Thailand does not participate in any arrangement which gives import duties preference to certain foreign suppliers. Maintenance 4.41 Budgetary allocation for the maintenance of university buildings, averaging only $19,000 annually (or less than $0.30 per m2 of premises), has been inadequate. During negotiations, the Government provided assurances that adequate provision will be made in the future to ensure effective main- tenance of all Kasetsart University buildings, equipment and furniture. Disbursement 4.42 The proposed loan of US$15.4 million would finance the estimated foreign exchange component (US$14.5 million) of the total project cost and the local currency portion of the ex-factory cost of furniture and equipment which may be procured locally after international competitive bidding (para. 4.40). It would be disbursed to meet: (a) 100% of the c.i.f. cost of directly imported instructional equipment and furniture and of the ex-factory cost of locally manufactured furniture and equipment; (b) 65% of the total expenditure on imported and locally procured furniture and equipment; (c) 100% of foreign exchange costs of technical assistance and fellowships; - 20 - (d) 36% of the total cost for civil works, including campus development and construction, and of the professional fees for campus planners and consultant architects; this percentage representing the average of the estimated foreign exchange components. The above percentages would be adjusted as necessary to spread disbursements over the implementation period of the project. Savings in any category would be available to cover cost overruns in other categories or would other- wise be available for cancellation. In the event that expenditures would exceed the total estimated cost, such excess would be met by the Government of Thailand. 4.43 Retroactive reimbursement is recommended for the services of the project architect and administrative advisor, to be provided for the Project Unit under technical assistance (para. 4.34) and for the professional ser- vices of the campus planners (para. 4.37). A project architect has already been selected and the university will shortly select a campus planning con- sultant from a short list agreed with the Bank. The amount of expenditure before the date of the Loan Agreement and subsequent to March 1, 1972 which would be recommended for retroactive financing would not exceed US$50,000. - 21 - V. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATION 5.01 During loan negotiations, agreement was reached on the following points: (a) the preparation of a program for the transfer of equipment and courses from Bangkhen to Kamphaengsaen, including the transfer of Veterinary Science courses to Kamphaengsaen when facilities there are completed and the use by the Faculty of Forestry of buildings situated on Ministry of Agriculture land at Bangkhen (para. 4.02, 4.06 and 4.09); (b) enrollment in agricultural education courses (para. 4.12); and (c) the completion of studies on veterinary education and agricultural education, research and extension services (para. 4.18 - 4.20). 5.02 Retroactive reimbursement is reco mended for the services of the project architect and administrative adviser to be provided for the Project Unit under technical assistance (para. 4.34) and for the professional ser- vices of campus planners (para. 4.37). 5.03 The proposed project constitutes a suitable basis for a Bank loan of US$15.4 million equivalent to the Kingdom of Thailand for a term of 30 years including a 10-year grace period. April 13, 1972 APPENDIX 1 Page THAILAND A. Composition of the Proposed ProJect Bangkhen Kamphaengsaen Campus Carous (places) (places) I. Site development for, and con- struction, furnishing and equipping of: a) specialized teaching and research premises for the Faculties of: - Agriculture Teaching 170 880 Research 210 75 - Veterinary Science Teaching - 340 Research - 60 - Engineering Teaching - 130 - Economics and Business Adminis- Teaching 25 25 tration Research 65 10 - Fisheries Teaching 140 - Research 25 - - Forestry Teaching 100 - Research 70 _ - Education Included in Agriculture - Science and Arts Teaching 650 Research 90 - Graduate School Included in respective faculties. Total l,545 1,520 b) central lecture premises 1,100 c) multi-purpose hall 1,550 d) university center - e) students' dormitories 1,550 f) staff housing (units) 380 g) primary school 300 h) other facilities: central central library, library,health health center, center, administrative acdinistrative offices,faculty club, offices farm and research premises. APPENDIX 1 Page 2 II. Technical assistance: Approximate Man-years a) Specialist services for: 1. curriculum development 27 2. university managwment 2.5 3. Project Unit support -Adninistrative Adviser 2.5 -Architect 4 4. Veterinary Education Study and Study on Agricultural Education, Research and Extension 6 b) Fellowships for staff training abroad 400 APPENDIX 1 Page 3 B. Enrollment Capacity Increase Due to the Project Bangkhen Kamphaengsaen Total After After project After project project 1972 completion completion 1972 completion Faculty Agriculture 1,450 1,270 780 1,450 2,050 (yrs. 1&2) (yrs. 3&4) Fisheries 220 260 0 220 260 Forestry 690 800 0 690 800 Vet. Science 220 140 190 220 330 (yrs. 1&2) (yrs. 3-6) Engineeringi/ 280 260 80 280 340 (yrs. 1-3) (yr. 4) Economicsli 350 300 260 350 560 (yrs. 1&2) (yrs. 3&4) E1ducation / 200 290 90 200 380 (yrs. 1-3) (yr. 4) Science and Arts / (1,400) (2,000) 0 0 0 Graduate School 550 630 120 550 750 TOTAL _/_/ 3,960 3,950 1,520 3,960 5,470 J Related to agriculture only. Service courses for agriculture related faculties only with enrollment capacity already counted. Own enrollment estimate after completion of the project: 330 students. Total enrollment after project completion, including non-agricultural courses, will reach about 6,600. April, 1972 APPENDIX 2 Page 1 THAILAND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE The Project provides for 27 man-years of technical assistance for curriculum development. Detailed allocation between Faculties and fields and between short-term appointments (2-6 months; primarily for senior peo- ple advising on development of particular curricula and courses), and longer term appointments (2-3 years; primarily for assisting with developing courses in particular fields and taking an active part in teaching, research and graduate training programs), vould be determined by the Project Unit in consultation with the Fellowship Committee. The distribution of technical assistance for curriculum develop- ment would be as follows: Man-Years Faculty of Agriculture: 7 Faculty of Veterinary Science: 6 Faculty of Engineerings 4 Faculty of Forestry: 2 Faculty of Fisheries: 1 Faculty of Science and Arts: 2 Faculty of Education: 3 Faculty of Economics and Business Administration: 2 Total 27 The cost of technical assistance excluding contingencies is estimated APPENDIX 2 Page 2 as follow a A. 9pecialiat Services for Foreign Exchange Total Cost Component I. Currioulum Dev.lopment US$ US$ 27 man-years 945,000 741,200 II. University MMnagemsnt 2-1/2 man-yearB 87,950 68,600 III. Proloet Unit 3bmnort Administrative Adviser 2-1/2 man-years 87,500 68,600 Architect 4 man-years 140,000 109,800 IV. Veterinary Education Study and Study on Agricultural Education, Research, and Extension- 6 man-years 210,000 164,800 Sub-Total 1,477,000 1,153,000 B. Fellaw1hips bo0 man-years 1.700.000 1. 700.000 Total 3,170,000 2,53,000 April, 1972 T H A I L A N D GDP AX'D EMPLOYMENT, BY SECTOR 1960 - 1976 GDP (billions of baht: current market prices) E m p 1 o v s e n t m t h o u s a n d s 1960 1966 1969 1960 1966 1969 1971 1976 /0 /0 % 7. 7Z % 7. %. Agriculture 21.46 39.8 37.01 36.5 41.67 31.9 10,443 82.9 11,803 79.8 12,544 78.2 13,076 77.4 14,473 75.0 Crops 15.66 29.1 28.79 28.4 28.83 22.1 Livestock 2.97 5.5 3.87 3.8 5.05 3.9 Fisheries 0.98 1.8 1.97 1.9 4.57 3.5 Forestry 1.85 3.4 2.38 2.3 3.22 2.5 Mining 0.56 1.0 1.95 1.9 2.47 1.9 20 0.2 43 0.3 50 0.3 51 0.3 46 0.2 Manufacturing 6.76 12.5 13.91 13.7 19.19 14.7 462 3.7 660 4.5 693 4.3 715 4.2 1,203 6.2 Construction 2.46 4.6 6.18 6.1 8.62 6.6 71 0.6 125 0.8 150 0.9 150 0.9 180 0.9 Electricity, Water 0.23 0.4 0.89 0.9 1.56 1.2 15 0.1 23 0.2 33 0.2 42 0.2 33 0.2 Transportation, Cosnmunication 4.04 7.5 6.33 6.2 7.96 6.1 168 1.3 223 1.5 274 1.7 317 1.9 309 1.6 Trade 8.15 15.1 17.05 16.8 22.89 17.5 ) ) ) ) 760 6.0 ) 951 6.4 ) 1,148 7.1 ) 1,278 7.6 ) 1,672 8.7 Banking, etc. 1.05 1.9 2.82 2.8 4.82 3.7 ) ) Public Administration, Defense 2.49 4.6 3.81 3.8 5.57 4.3 ) ) 655 5.2 ) 965 6.5 ) 1,177 7.3 ) 1,273 7.5 ) 1,391 7.2 Other Services 6.78 12.6 11.43 11.3 15.87 12.1 ) ) ) GDP 53.98 100.0 101.38 100.0 130.62 100.0 Total Employment 12,594 100.0 14,793 100.0 16,069 100.0 16,902 100.0 19,307 100.0 Labor Force 12,730 14,800 16,020 16S960 19,480 Population 26,499 31,847 34,947 37,658 43,659 Source: National Economic Development Board. April, 1972 THATLANIDM ElRDLULNTS BY GRADES 0r; l '; PPIt;iY Y / rCH-,WiOL.S GVENLEAL SECONDAlRY SCHOOLS VOCATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS Tot-1l ;In;S I I.) i; 11,1i39 39 2,5o6 L4,237,515 n. a. 38,659 t ic:,, 1)6,1516 368, ,9(6 6,999,330 n. a. 38,364 Iv66) 15,, r3 391,675 5,197,930 3,572 36,)47 .i, '> 17,727 23,0,30 5,605, 997 6,289 36,367 t., 19,S :lJt 1&63,955 5,5D85,,83 5,123 39,899 1^ ?, 95 , 011 522,53' 6,261,202 6, 117 4L, 67( Source: Ministry of Education April, 1972. THALAIi.AN UNIVER3:ITY ENROLIY''IJT BY INSTITUTIO' * 1960 - 1969 TinstitutThio 1Q60 iL)6L. 1966 1 967 i963 1969 K9sE,t Lrt 1,715 2,521 (95) 2,739(94) 3,127(96) 3,156 (94) 3,873(123) iT nkc en - 21 (-) 309 (-) 94(-) 598 (-) 8G8(-) Chula on rkorn 5,351 7,322Ēl (7653) 7,945 (517) 8,601(1113) 9,852 (552) 10,558(902) Chian2m-ii - 926 (-) i,2 (-) 2,448 (21) 3,237 (4) ,578(15) Th imm, 5. ot 27,i!77 22,092 (922) 18 , 26L (o51i) 11,946(1095) 11,076 (865) 12,01 (11 7) TirolI't lol ,5812 2,6837 (154) 2,928 (150) 3,829(191) 3,971 (351) 4,594(544) Thi1-?0I-Orn 225 503 (-) 528 (-) 538(-) 658 (_) 765(-) National Institute for Development Administration - - - 542(1424) 362 (683) 704(553) Prince oL Songk'?65 19.6 1967 1968 1lo69 iHumrinities 1,565 1,729 2,189(45) 2,565(101) 3,154(93) Ediucation 2,9(11 3,189 6,218(246) 7,547(350) 7,182(555) Fine klrts 210 221 243(-) 241(-) 265(-) oC:l Science 23,3C'1 20,119 15,699(1694) 15,813(1731) 17,463(2o63) TIatural cienr!e 1,522 1,90( 1,695(107) 1,895(119) 2,103(128) o na1e0rim 2,31L 2,729 2,763(46) 3,526(55) 1,686(69) bc-,1i Science 2,758' 3,019 5,0o45(212) 5,580(351) 6,399(559) '-riculture 1,859 2,096 2,515(31) 2,732(51) 3,418(91) -ra;u te students not classified (1,931) (1, 12) Total 3$h 36,147 36,367(2381) 39,899(2758) 44,670(3558) - Grdl,te students in nrrentLe,is Ur Under'rrduntme ,tudents onrly ce: 0Lini. -tr n F'Jduc;'tiron; Nationn11 dcducntioat Counicil April, 1972. THAILAND GOVERNME1NT EXPENDITURE AND EDUCATION EXPENDITURE (PUBLIC AND PRIVATE), 1961-1970, ESTIMATES FOR 1975 (millions of baht; fiscal year ending September 30) 1961 1965 1966 1967 1960 1969 1970 1975 1. Total Government Expenditure 8,050 13,100 14,557 17,653 20,848 23,162 24,785 la. - Recurrent 6,120 8,610 9,824 12,162 13,830 15,705 16,614 lb. - Capital 1,330 3,430 3,729 4,h67 5,800 6,159 6,461 lc. - Transfers 600 1,060 1,004 1,024 1,218 1,298 1,710 2. Total Public Education 1,580 2,100 2,311 2,565 3,348 3,770 3,918 7,500 Expenditure 2a. - Recurrent 1,410 1,720 1,852 2,054 2,452 2,734 2,968 2b. - Capital 170 380 459 511 896 1,036 950 1/ 3. Private Education Expenditure 250 584 673 755 845 975 1,012 4. Total Education Expenditure 1,830 2,681 2,984 3,320 4,193 4,745 4,930 9,500 5. Total Educ. Expenditure: GDP 3.1% 3.2% , 2.9% 3.1% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 6. Public Educ0 Expenditure: Total Government Expend. 19.6% 16.0% 15.9% 14.5% 16.1% 16.3% 15.8% l/Net of Government subsidies, which are already counted in line 2. Source: Comptroller-General's Department, Bank of Thailand, Bureau of Budget, National Economic Development Board. Anril 3. 1972 THAILAND HIGHER EDUCATION, EXPENDITLIRE AND ENROLLMENT 1965, 1969 1965 1969 Average Annual Increase Expenditure Percent Students percent Expenditure percent Students percent 196''-1969 in percent (mill.baht) (thousand) (mill-baht) (thousand) Expenditure Students 1. All Universities 272.3 100 38.4 100 588.4 100 44.7 100 21 3.9 2. Kasetsart University 23.5 8.6 2.5 6.5 67.8 11.5 3.9 8.7 30 11.8 3. Recurrent Expenditure by Faculty 1/ 100 100 100 100 - Mediral Science '75.3 43.5 2 8 7.7 121,7 3° 1 7.0 14.6 12 8 26 - Science 23.9 13 8 1 5 4 1 48 7 15 7 2 2 4 6 19 5 10 - Arts 25 2 14.5 1 8 49 38 5 12 4 3-5 7 3 11 2 18 1 - Social Science 7.1 4.1 23 3 63 n 13,0 4 2 19.4 40 4 16 3 -7 5 - Engineering 20 8 12 1 2 3 6.3 40.7 13.0 4.7 7.8 18.3 19 6 - Education 5.9 3.4 2.9 7. 13Q 14 5 7.7 16.0 24 0 28 - Agriculture 14.8 8.6 1 9 5.2 34.5 11.1 3.5 7 3 23.5 16 5 4. Recurrent Ecpenditure 4a. - All universities 187.5 100 348.2 100 4b. - Kasetsart Univ. 15.7 8.4 32.4 9.3 19.9 5. Recurrent Expenditure per student 5a. - All universities 4.883 baht 100 7.790 baht 100 12.4 5b. - Kasetsart University 6.280 baht 129 8.307 baht 107 7.3 1/ Teaching budget only; major faculties only. Source: Bureau of th'e Budget; Bank of Thailand; National Economic Developnent Board; Kasetsart University. April, 1972. '7' THAILAND KASETSART UNIVERSITY EXPENDITURE3 1965,1969 Average Annual 1965 i969 Increase (million percent (million percent 1969 over 1965 Baht) Baht) in percent 1. Total Expenditures 23.5 100 67.8 100 30 la. - Recurrent 15.7 66.8 32.4 47.8 19.9 lb. - Capital 7.8 33.2 35.4 52.2 46 2. Categories of Expenditure 100 100 2a. - Personnel 13.1 55.7 26.0 38.3 18.7 2b. - Current supplies 1.8 7.7 4.4 6.5 25 2c. - Equipment 2.2 9.4 11.2 16.5 50 2d. - Construction and related 5.6 23.8 25.2 37.2 46 2e. - Other o.8 3.4 1l0 1.5 3. Recurrent Expenditure2l 100 100 by Faculty 3a. - Agriculture 7.534 59.4 9.2752/ 38.9 5.3 3b. - Veterinary Science 1.236 9.7 0.722J 3.0 _ 3c. - Fisheries 0.867 6.8 1,391 5.8 12.5 3d. - Forestry 1.650 13.0 2.607 10.9 12.1 3e. - Economics 1.406 11.1 1.539 6.5 2.3 3f. - Engineering 0 2.537 10.6 3g. - Science & Arts 0 5.503 23.0 3h. - Graduate School 0 0.320 1.3 1/ Expenditures on personnel and on current supplies; excluding central administration and the rice research center. In 1968/69 a large part of the Faculty was transferred to Chulalongkorn University. ,'xirce: KFssetsprt- UniversitJ April, 1972. KASETSART UNIVERSITY FACULTY STAFF 1970, 1976, 1980 PRESENT STAFF* (1970) STAFF NIJBER BY 1976 STAFF REQUIRED BY 1980 FACULTY Ph. D. M. Sc. B. Sc. TOTAL Ph. D. M. Sc. B. Sc. TOTAL Ph. D. M. Sc. B. Sc. TOTAL AGRICULTURE 19 56 63 138 Li 90 78 209 52 104 53 209 ENGINEURING - 11 16 27 2 31 35 68 17 34 17 68 FORESTRY 3 14 35 52 10 22 30 62 15 31 16 62 VEr. SCIENCE 1 2 15 18 5 10 24 39 9 20 10 39 EDUCATION 2 12 10 214 11 21 35 67 16 34 17 67 SCIETCE & ARTS 1() 50 68 128 25 74 77 176 44 88 44 176 EChOlIlCs & 25 39 68 13 41 29 83 20 42 21 83 BU;3;IN3SS ADM. FISIEFIF,S _ 10 22 32 3 19 13 35 8 18 9 35 TOTAL 39 180 268 bi87 110 308 321 739 181 371 187 739 Includes h8 staff members studying abroad (17 M. Sc. and 31 B. Sc.). ource: KUt:nrt Univri ,itr April, 1972. ANNEX 9 THAILAND AGRICULTURAL POPULATION, d1LOYENT AND REQUIRFIINTMI/ FOR UNIVERSITY GRADUATES IN AGRICULTURE AND RELATED FIELDS, FISNERIES, FORESTRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE 1966 - 1985 1966 1970/71 1975/76 1980 1985 1. Total Population 1 (million) 33.200 37.658 43.659 49.775 57.732 2. Rural Population (million) 28.220 29.750 32.308 34.842 27.526 3. Ratio 2:1 (%) 85% 79% 74% 70% 65% 4. Total Ewployment (million) 14.554 16.880 19.307 21.000 24.000 5. Agricultural Employment (million) 11.619 13.075 14.473 15.330 16.800 6. Ratio 5:4 (%) 79.8% 77.5% 75% 73% 70% 7. University graduates in agricultural and rela- ted fields employed in all sectors of the economy 1,500 8. Ratio 7:5 (%) 0.129 9. Estimated required em- ployment of graduates in agriculture and related subjects 3/ (a) for extension ser- vices 2,4°2 3,770 6,200 (b) for other Govern- mrent services 970 1,890 3,100 (c) for private sector 48o 1,130 1,Mr60 (d) for schools and universities 1,000 1,400 1,600 (e) TOTAL 2,000 4,870 8,190 12.760 10. Requirements for grad- uates in fisheries 250 450 659 g00 11. Requirements for grad- uates in forestry 900 1,550 2,350 3,300 12. Requirements for grad- uates in veterinary science 400 57Q 770 1,000 1/ Reauired stock. - / Population growth rate based on NEDB 1969 figures and projections. 3/ Agricultural engineering, agricultur.al economics, agricultural education. Note: The figures in lines 9 - 1P of this table have been calculated as follows: - The agricultural population was converted into families of 5 personq each. For 25 percent of the farilies (i.e. those living in densely populated areas) the ratio of university trained extension worker to farm families is 1:2000 in 1976, 1:1500 in 1980 and 1:1000 in 1985. For the remaining 75 nercent of the fomilies the ratiO is 1:3000 in 1976, 1:2000 in 1980 and 1:1300 in 1965. Other Government emoloayment is 4,0 rercent of employment in extension services in 1976, 50 percent in 1980 and 1985. Private earlo~'rent is 20 rerce.t of extension explsyinent in 1976, 30 percent in 1980 -nd 1985. - Replacerent demand is approximately 2.' percent annu-1ly. - Av,'re nanral total new requirements (increase of employrnert + re-12cenent) ore: 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 (a) A.ricultumral & related subjects 635 810 1,150 (b) FIsRerico 45 50 55 (c) Forestry 156 200 200 (d) Veterinary Science 40 5G 60 Source: 1t'.ional Econo,ic Dc\e'loornent Board information 'nd mission estiristes. April, 1972. Lj A`f3A-qP 'NI /.,itillY IENPIT, ENROLLMENT AND OUIPET, BY FACEITY, 1967-1969 AND FORECASTS FOR 1970-198D FAl,'TY T1!Or) 1967 i968 1s6Y 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 At6TIcULPT1u - Input 301 359 hl4 422 372 420 870 530 585 585 585 585 585 585 - F:.nrollment 1,262 1,36) 1,323 1,486 1,533 1,455 1,495 1,585 1,745 i,86o 1,980 2,045 2,045 2,045 - Output 207 418 22)h 226 41o 36$ 330 305 330 350 305 470 370 470 Anilual Sc. 31 31 18 14 55 55 50 50 60 60 90 115 115 115 int. & P1. Path. 37 79 72 60 85 65 5o 45 45 45 45 35 45 45 Farm Moonc. 1 5 1 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 uo- So . 12 29 15 16 30 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 lomn Sc. 2 17 5 - 15 15 15 15 20 20 20 20 20 20 Plant Sc. 75 i15 56 58 150 is, 135 l3,0 16o 170 200 240 240 240 Suil Sc. 32 71 37 58 65 45 35 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 oR ul od,c. 17 35 10 17 - - - - - - - - - cN EINInlIN - Incut 46 64 82 152 152 175 195 215 215 215 215 235 215 215 - r'nrullment 201 293 303 345 310 378 565 625 685 725 740 740 740 740 - Output 2) 27 105 88 68 68 115 115 135 16o 175 175 175 175 Ag. ingin. - - 11 - 4 5 20 25 30 35 30 40 40 40 Irrig. rng. 29 27 6o 30 22 25 35 30 30 35 40 40 40 40 Civilolln. - - 30 51 34 31 50 50 60 70 70 70 70 70 iAechrno. l- - 7 8 8 10 10 15 20 25 25 25 25 FDRLuiTRY - Input 112 133 155 178 205 210 215 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 - IEnr,ll.eat 350 035 43,6 561 653 690 735 770 785 795 800 800 80o 800 - Output 56 60 78 119 147 130 155 175 180 185 190 190 190 190 7&l'TRINARY - Input - - 1,2 42 31 45 5o 60 75 75 75 75 75 75 STIo.N'. - Enruollment - - 106 *07 192 220 225 235 250 265 285 305 320 330 -Output - - - - - 20 25 25 25 25 25 30 35 45 ri,DUATION - Input - - - - 57 6o 70 d0 go 1o0 loo 100 leo loo (Agric . ) - surolimeubL - - - 29 135 198 210 225 250 280 320 355 380 380 -Outmit - - - - 29 31 10 430 45 50 55 65 90 90 3l2E1017 & - Input 52 75 79 98 272 200 iSo 1o0 1o0 100 100 100 1oo 100 A17TS - dnro]lment 52 125 191 273 513 535 525 370 380 330 330 330 330 330 -Output - - - 32 75 65 75 120 120 75 75 75 75 75 E0ONOn -.S - Input 136 166 218 280 235 250 260 280 295 295 295 295 295 295 & - Urollmewnt 092 476 581 783 843 830 835 840 875 930 970 1,000 1,000 1,00o BUS. ADPIIN. - Output 85 97 95 126 172 170 200 170 170 180 190 220 220 220 Agr. Sconomics 25 01 38 55 73 75 80 75 80 90 100 130 130 130 lounemEc S6 51 34 33 41 40 6o 5o S0 So S0 S0 So So ulsnei-ss Adnm. - 12 16 31 32 39 45 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 Accounting - 9 7 7 16 15 15 15 20 20 20 21 20 20 rl13 r1I1S . - Input 5)9 7 5S 6o 60 60 66 6) 7d 30 75 75 75 75 -.nrollmet 1$7 173 165 189 216 223 1221 221 260 260 26o 260 260 260 OutpLut 213 23 27 27 23 30 40 37 3 43 40 50 50 50 50 IOTA3 - Input 706 823, 1,.)37 1,232 1,414 1,435 1,385 1,560 1,655 i,665 1,665 1,665 l,665 1,665 - ,ur-llv-nut 2,51i, 2,833 3,116 3,812 1,,.92 4,636 l,,835 5,oic 5,230 5,445 5,685 5,835 5,875 5,885 - GOtput ..) i 625 529 6l,8 955 898 980 1,016 1,o8i 1,081 1,171 1,281 1,311 1,321 Note: Undnrgraduate enrollment only. Source: Kasetsart Onloaroityd Notional _du:rtion Cbunci; issioen estimates. April, 1972. 80620m - 0000000 uOTOOOf P00.=0 00 T.7.00 00000 COO 00 00 -000 COST 000 0 0 0 0CS T 00009 000000 CMl.) Ad-t. & & Ooo,o -OoC,O --oo.& & oodo Coo-sd,o & & .. Boodo O...o . 0.. A-IOOOOC ;I.ff 710 -il; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Cof 1000 T0C0 r'07 00 A-? ...........00001 Tolal 0o,oOo..0 0.0,6117, 1,4501~3: 00.00 0o,,,0oo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 000 OCOO, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -. sj~,. -04 50, 50COO, 000. - -. 16. 332.4 -40.010 .10,0- 1,0..00IO 4.0 ..lCt C.o ...oOOO' - - - - - - 4- - - -1:6 :s 4-00oOyC 91C710- 0030 4000 - - 0.0, 0 .000 - - ,60. 00,30, 30.I-0100. 30,0945.4 -.4050,30 1094 0-001 Odojo. sod 04..ooM - 00,006.0 - - - 1,000.0 1,140.0 - - - ,140.0 0,040.5 - - - ,044.0 10,004.0 - 1,44.02- 01,500,121,115 0-000 OtoO11f 0'-,,002i OCOCC -9 - 2,000 4,000.0 3 - 420.0 240. . 301.0 30, 1,1. 0. ,0. 5 0-01 CodSsoC-- -,017.03 - 4.030,2 0000 - 0.3M - - 00. -. 00000..0 --0 047.0I 0094 ,791 I4 0 0 110. S,l-ot0 20 (000) 40,00.0 34,004. 1001. 002,01.0 0500, 013,00.4 04.0930 1005,0. 099 1,.0 031,00. 1,11. 34. 032.0 5,0. 048.090,,002 1.060. 00,0. 1-5.oo oolpoo0,091.3 1 5,-4.3 1,700.3 01,618.0 I 4, 0-0 Cootooooo oO .o.00.40, 0.oOOoOl., - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1:31 1,-33a 4 . 0-OOCooOty f A~0ooooo - 9, 541. 1 0,4.25 ,0. LI 1000 2,0.0 -. - 2,0, 10,001 .00.I3007.0 1,00, 2-000 Isoolty of OooO,oo.oooo - . - - - - . - . . - 5,422,2 - - - 3,422.0 0,022.0 - - - 5,422.0 010.0~~~44 43,2 4 "4224 03. 0-0043 ooyo lhoo ,3. ,0. ,6. - - 0,460. 4,6. 22 ,6. 0,2. 0. -1,1. 0. a0-00 0006 f OCoCo ,60.35 I ,90, 02062 - - 0200.2 9,1.0 -- ,07 00,000.4 -40.1,00030 0-006 0 I0070 SosC. .o lo. 6,000.4 - - - 6,500.4 2,504.3 - ,504.1 09,1313, - - 0,533.0 08,000. -540-0,0. 4,91 0-000 Too,.Oooooodoootloo - , - - . - - - 2,100.4 - - - 0,390.4 0,000.4 . . 0,090.0 60.0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I~3 : IF904 130.' 0-0 000ooio.0C-1.o - 06.814.0 - -6 0 04.7 3.767.5 3 ,797.5 0,000.0 - .10506000 ,71.3 -3,0.1440 9o-o. .1(00 5, 065.5 45,000.05 5030 0,0. 01,960 0,25. -- - 0,50 1001. 0,00 3575- 00,0. 00('0001 750.0 2,00.5 - 60.5 640.8 4.0 320. 4 -- - 300.4 1-.1 - 05. 7 10. - -IoO 0 -0,I0 --0 - td -olo S Ody90 - 0 1 -I ' 11 1- -I - 11 1 I0.21 ...Ot.-s. ooooo...i (0000006 - 10 10 0. Too3,oooot.1 0.46 7~001 56.470,9 ~ 2090. 00,000 34,024.0 00, l.160.990, 27.301,4 ll 01. 1,001.0 733.5 3015 1,3 100,06.2 13002. 090.0 532,2 100,144.0 -0,3023 1507 14,500. o93., 40940.0 2 sold Oooo.t. 030 (V000 272.1,2. 2. ,3. ,125.1 06639 0,266 14,9 077 3 36. 0,5, ,020,4 642.0 139 05.6 0,420,0: 19,,150. 03. 6500 3,0.2 0,0. Ooo,100 60o0.o,. 5 06.00 36.77. 09,00 60.65 45.2% 00.00 10.70 00.00 50,64 54.04~~~~~11 ...6, % ~ - : , 3s- -----~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2.4 04 0.440.0 4101.5 04 70,47 0,68 ('0007 21,035.0 - - - - 30,128.0 - . - - 6,000,1 - - - 20,010.5 66,505,0 0,604,6 0,600.0 8,790.1 10,961.0 -~~~1,02.1 a, 81I a a 1 8 006('00'I4, - . . 0,013:0 3 . - 110. 1 ,-263 4,1920,0 07542-. 4,60 To-sto 0000h02 s. 401% - . - 41.14 - 227. - .- ,007M 400 10 26 20 02 00 Poojoto Ooooi ooOt ('000) 60,513,1 - . - - 210,462.4 - - . - 10,764.4 - . - - 003,070.0 400,6146264,2 ,964005.5 06,300-,2 04,706.17509,664.0 - jootod. 000090000000s 002 0,2000 0,"3293.0 - . - - 1,0. ,0. 0,45- 0053.I1 40477. ,9..30.3, Tos o.0000.0,00000 044 37- -47,4 - 19.0 6 -000 44,800,5 -0,079 370,1 51,26 51,0 00 00 ,37. - ,-3,2 -67673 - ,004 1000,349,00, ,430 .0.11 0.0, A000, 1002 THAILA.00 lA10ETSAl5 OIIIVoROITY (Ia too, aods oF dollar.) SITE -fVOPPENT CONSTRUCTIO9 FURNITUE2 EQUIPhl3T P-.A8N10 CONIULTA9TS A2CEITECTURAL SE80CE5 S TECHNICAL AS5ISTANCE TOTAL _ ILotal :Toeolg Total Total Portoi- Total Lotal For-i9n To-l ocal T-orsion fatal local Foreig= Total Iooal For-lgD Total L.oa toraiao Total LIcal Foreign To1 _ TOTAL PROJECT C5OT EECLUDING COMTINGEN0ItS 1,723.3 995.8 2,719.1 5,491.3 3,178.6 8,669.9 1,258.6 297.0 1,555.6 2,139.5 4,271.3 6,410.8 70.7 282.7 333.4 580.6 69.6 650.2 317.0 0,853.0 3,170.0 11,581.0 11,948.0 23.529.0 T of Total 63.3% 316.27% 107 63.3% 36.77% 10i2 80.9% 19.1%1 100% 33.4% 66.6% 100% 20% 80% 100% 89.37. 10.7% 10051 10% 90% 10i% 49.2% 50.8% 1iO% COhTlNCIES (a) AlloaoIooa for Probablo Prieo IooraaO.a ( j) % (2 3/4 years) 9.6% 13.8S% 11.1% 9.65 13.7% lI.lr 9.6% 13.7% 10.4% 9.62 13.72 12.4% 9.6% 13.7% 12.92 9.62 13.7% 10.07. 9.6% 13.72 13.3% 9.6% 13.7% 13.3% (ii) A.o-Ot 166.0 136.9 302.9 529.3 436.8 966.1 121.3 40.8 162.1 206.2 587.1 793.3 6.8 38.9 45.7 56.0 9.6 65.6 30.6 392.0 422.6 1,111.2 1,642.1 2,758.3 (12 All-oao ILOT lof-r-aa ( i) 51 108 1051 105 185 1075 10%5 105 10/1 10% 10% 107. 105 100 107 10X 11.12 11.171 11.1 I 9.% 7.6% 877. (11) Ooooot 172.4 99.5 271.9 649.2 317.8 067.0 125.9 29.7 155.t 214.0 427.0 641.0 7.1 28.2 35.3 64.2 7.7 71.9 _ _ _ 1,132.8 909.9 2,042.7 (t) Total Conti=eency ( 1) 51 19.651 23.085 21.1% 19.6% 23.7% 21.1% 19.6% 23.77. 20.4Y5 19.65 23.72 22.4% 19.6% 23.7% 22.9% 20.7% 24.82 21.15 9.6% 13.75 13.35 19.451 21.3% 20.47. (11) A=Pp=t0 338.4 236.4 575.8 1,078.5 754.6 1,833.1 247.2 70.5 317.7 420.2 1,014.1 1,434.4 13.9 67.1 81.0 120.2 17.3 137.5 30.6 392.0 422.6 2,249.0 2,552.0 4,801.0 % of Total 58.9% 41.10 100% 58.92 41.1T 100% 77.8% 22.2% 100% 29.3% 70.7% 100% 17.25 82.8% 10075 87.4% 12.6% 100% 7.2% 92.8% 100% 46.8% 53.251 1002 TOTAL PEOJECT COST ILCLUDING CEOTTINGENCIE 2,060.7 1,232.2 3,293.9 1,069.0 3,933.2 00,503.0 1,303.8 367.3 1,073.3 2,538.7 3,285.4 7,845.1 84.6 349.8 434.4 700.8 86.8 787.7 4 76.2 3,243.0 3,592.6 13,830.0 14,500.0 28,330.0 % of Total 62.6% 37.4% 100% 62.6% 37.4% 100% 80.4% 19.6% 1005 32.6% 67.4% 100% 19.5% 80.5% 10051 89.051 11.0% 100% 9.7% 90.3% 100% 48.851 51.2% 10O% 1/ Aaos o=sltaOT fee=avill besslatsdooato altu1 ooa rOtt)ooa Ota,OtheaToOal t o tey aIOlaaata TOO faa. 1F fooPrTOCoOO- to that f-o boildlo sill oAtaaOi Ty aoioalaaot of tha allovaooa fOT oforaaeso Apr10 , 19 72 . ANNEX 13 THAILAND KASETSART UNIVERSITY PROJECT FORECAST OF DISBURSEMET D I S B U R S E M E N T UNDISBURSED BALANCES IMPLEMENTATION QUARTERLY CUMULATIVE QUARTER/ '000 US$ % '000 US$ % 000 US$ % 1 8.9 0.o6 8.9 0.06 15,391.1 99.94 2 46.2 0.30 55.1 o.36 15,344.9 99.64 3 162.0 1.05 217.1 1.41 15,182.9 98.59 4 211.6 1.37 428.7 2.78 14,971.3 97.22 5 238.5 1.55 667.2 4.33 14,732.8 95.67 6 423.4 2.75 1,090.6 7.08 14,309.4 92.92 7 1,356.6 8.81 2,447.2 15.89 12,952.8 84.11 8 1,540.2 10.00 3,987.4 25.89 11,412.6 74.11 9 1,797.6 11.67 5,785.0 37.56 9,615.0 62.44 10 2,924.7 19.00 8,709.7 56.56 6,690.3 43.44 11 2,513.5 16.32 11,223.2 72.88 4,176.8 27.12 12 1,416.8 9.20 12,640.0 82.08 2,760.0 17.92 13 649.o 4.21 13,289.0 86.29 2,111.0 13.71 14 435.9 2.83 13,724.9 89.12 1,675.1 10.88 15 435.9 2.83 14,160.8 91.95 1,239.2 8.05 16 291.1 1.89 14,451.9 93.34 948.1 6.16o 17 254.3 1.65 14,706.2 95.49 693.3 4.5i 18 172.6 1.l1 14,878.8 96.60 521.2 3.40 19 130.3 0.85 15,009.4 97.45 390.9 2.55 20 130.3 0.85 15,139.4 98.30 260.6 1.70 21 130.3 0.85 15,269.7 99.15 130,3 0.85 22 130.3 0.85 15,400.0 100.00 - TOTAL 15,400.0 100% i/ From date of Loan Signing. April, 1972. - NNNNNN g -. N NNNNNjN1 NNN I N NN..NNNN'N N N- NNNNNN.NNNNNNNN 9 9 N.N ...9 - N N - N 9 - - N N N..NNN NP,...9 9 NNNNN< 9 NNNNNNN   9N N 9 NN 99 9999.B9N NNN NN N NN-NNN N 9N . N' - 9 NNNNN9 -  - Nj' NN NNN N -.NNN NN I 99-9 9 9 9', NNNNNNNNNNNN N - N .- 9 9 N NNNNNNNNNNNNN 99 9N9N9N 9N NNNNNNN NNNNNN-NNNNN NNN NN N-NN N NNN.NNN N- iNN-N- N - NNN NNNN N - N N N N N N NNN- N N N - N N N N -. NNN NNN-N-NNNNNNN N N 9 - N',NNN.NNNNNNN N',', .NNN',NN N999 - N N ON- NNN-NNNNNNNNNN N NNN-N -N', N - N- 9NN N- K - NNN-  - - -N-N--,- NNN.NNN NNNNN - N-N', N -- NN-N-NNNNNN-N',NN N', N- N N N',', NNNNNNNNNN- N N N N',- N N NNNN',',N N NNNN', NNN-NNNNNNN N N N NN-NNN NN N N- N N N', N N', ',-',NN N',- N',. N 99 99 N', N ',',',',',',',', NNNNNN NNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNN N N N N N', NNN N',', ',N- N N N', N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N NNr N',', NNNNNN. N N N N N NNN-',NNNNNNNN N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N '-N N N NNN NNNN.NNN-N N N N N N N N N N. NNN NNNNNNNNNN-N N. N N N. . N-N N N', -N 99-K -99 -N N--N 9 999 N N' ' NNN NNNNN9 N N N N N N',. '-N',', NNNNNN NNN N N N',',', NNN. N* N-. . . N N N',', NNNN- N N9N9 THAILAND STRUCTURE OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM '- PRIMARY EDUCATION , , SECONDARY - ' HIGHER EDUCATION _ EDUCATION TEACHER TRAINING ACADEMIC STREAMA LOWER PRIMARY IUPPER PRIMARY| LOWER SEC. UPPER SEC. UNIVERSITIES I I ~~~~~VOCATIO NAL STREAM 1 22 3O ~ LOWER SEC. UPPER SECONDARY TECHNICAL MUSIC AND DRAMATIC ARTS OMAJOR EXAMINATIONS *CERTIFICATE O DIPLOMA *BACHELOR'S DEGREE YEARS OF SCHOOL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 (17) > lII II II II It I I I I I I II -4 AGE 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 (23) _ IBRD - 5466(R) THAI LAN D EDUCATIONAL PYRAMID 1969 YEARS ENRO LLMENT MALE FEMALE RATIO UNIVERSITY f GRADUATE Xi 17360 16 1 5 UNDERGRADUATE 41100 14 13 SECO NDARY S 12 28,700 19,400 6.9% UPPER 31,1002 21 ,700 10 66,200 45,700 12.8 LOWER 9 76, 10051,500 8 93,800 63,400 16.3% f 7 12 0, 300 84,500 UPPER 6 143,100 100 7700 5 187,900 133,300 4 . ........... ,, ,,. .......................................F8.4 LOWER 3 E 9 -l i------ <' 120.3% 800,000 600000 400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 IBRD - 5465(R) - 4 --- .1-4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ----- 0888 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ …0-- -180--- -88-- -- -8--8-- -- --- - 0--- 000---- …-- -- --- - …--018808I8~8880 88 8080 U U U … 08-------------------------------8 0111018 8088998 1811101 8818888818111 018818888019111810 880099910111 018808888018111018888888018111018 800880-----------181---01881 ----- ----- ---------880 0 -8 118--------18 31fna3H3S 1N3Yt3sUlssiU UNY 3UflhIUNHdX3 'NOILVILN3YY3W1dMY 1o3rO8d AIISH3AINfl 1HVSIBSVNI - a3NVIIVHJ. THAILAND 6 2 t KASETSART UNIVERSITY PROJECT THAILAND RELATIONSHIP OF THE UNIVERSITY'S TWO CAMPUSES .THAILAND 8 . L:-BANG, (AT KAMPHAENGSAEN AND AT BANGKHEN) S~/Lf OF SUPANBURI A/UTH IA KANCHANABURI KAMPHAENGSAEN S AMPUS ROAD UNDER CONSTRUCTION t. DON MUANG (BANGKOK) KAMPHAENGSAEN Z 4 AIRPORT VAJIRALONGKORN DAM\ ANG KHEN CAMP US NAKHOM PATHOM THOI \R BANGKOK LEGEND SAMUTPRAKAN MAIN ROADS RAJBURI SAKORN ROAD UNDER CONSTRUCTION I-I I I RAILROADS SAMUT M MAIN RIVERS S UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES GULF Of THAILAND 0 10 20 30 40 50 KILOMETERS JANUARY 1971 IBRD-3264