PROGRESS REPORT Support to Open Government, Data, and Accountability in Tanzania REPORTING AGENCY World Bank COUNTRY Tanzania REPORTING PERIOD February 2016—June 2017 1 Spotlight Boxes Look for the icon in green boxes in this report to learn about a specific Tanzanian open data story. Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 3 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5 2. Policy and Legal Framework ............................................................................................10 3. Improving Open Data Supply ..........................................................................................18 Data Collection ................................................................................................................................ 21 Data Sharing..................................................................................................................................... 24 Data Analysis and Tools .................................................................................................................. 29 4. Supporting Open Data Users ............................................................................................32 Capacity Building ............................................................................................................................ 35 Information Intermediaries .............................................................................................................. 38 Service Providers ............................................................................................................................. 41 5. Management and Operations...........................................................................................44 Financial utilization ......................................................................................................................... 46 6. Conclusions.............................................................................................................................48 Annexes ...........................................................................................................................................51 2 Executive Summary The Support to Open Government, Data and Accountability in Tanzania (SOGDAT) program has picked up pace in its third year expanding significantly the target audience, sectors, and partners. Notable achievements so far include the training of over 250 technical staff in total from almost 70 government agencies. This in addition to over 400 non-government participants attending open data trainings. The government Open Data portal has doubled the datasets to 163. eGovernment Agency continue to manage the site and has designed and developed its own upgrades for increased functionality, including citizen feedback features, upgraded dashboards and public dataset voting tools. In the new fourth edition of the Open Data Barometer report Tanzania appeared placed 67, which is an improved position from 69 in the third edition. Taking into account the addition of 23 new countries to the ranking, Tanzania jumped 11 places, and is ranked 5th in the Africa Region. Results indicators for the program generally exceeded their targets in terms of participation, data availability and capacity building. Since December 2015 there has been full information to track data downloads, and the most popular datasets in 2016/2017 downloaded from the national portal have been Swahili language datasets relating to education and health. The exception is the lack of official adoption of the Open Data policy that was prepared and extensively consulted upon in 2016. The existing Government circular (January 2015) has provided cover for work in Education, Health and Water but the absence of policy adoption has hindered efforts to roll-out across additional sectors – including Transport and Agriculture who have been named in the third Open Government Partnership commitments and expressed interest to engage in open data activities. Key drivers of Open Data have changed, both over time, and with the new government. The initiative remains closely associated with OGP commitments of transparency, and to the service delivery agenda of Big Results Now. Whilst the new administration, known as the 5th Phase Government, has maintained it commitment to Open Government and Open Data, it is publicly perceived to focus more narrowly than prior administrations. Although there is no inherent contradiction between current government priorities and the Open Data initiative, the alignment is not well understood by civil servants. Efforts have been made to highlight the value proposition to priorities of modernization, cost efficiency and job creation agenda. Nonetheless however the institutional make-up task force members remains one of Open Data for Open Government. Tanzania as a whole also remains at an early stage in its open data maturity. It may be premature to expect evidence of outcomes in transparency and accountability benefits of open data. There is evidence however of impacts on data quality improvements, and government savings. Benefits in terms of time saved and costs avoided resulting from reduced duplication, better sharing, and greater investment in data curation. When government officials are aware that their data will be shared publicly, they put more effort to ensure data quality. The program has also observed an increased appreciation of, and demand for, accurate data within government. It is possible that this is a result of exposure to data-driven tools and up-to-date maps generated and used by the program. Conversations around data have changed and there is a high unprompted demand for data skills training. The lessons of the first and second years were to double down on technical training. This has helped to improve the quality and interoperability of published data. However work remains to instil consistent practices in documentation, identifiers and verification and make these truly useful to all. 3 A key part of the training delivered were the analytical tools to visualise, curate and filter datasets in order to assess quality, dimension gaps, and identify fitness for use. As such, data supply trainings aimed to cover the spectrum of how to collect, share, and analyse data that are already open or intended to become open, in the legal and technical meanings. These Data Dives remain an important mechanism to build skills and to maintain supply of data to the portal, However technical training has so far been insufficient to change institutional cultures. There is a continuing need to engage managers and policy makers and to integrate them into the training process. Demonstration and small pilot activities to empower agencies with data digitization, mobile data collection and the opportunities for leveraging citizen data in the mix have also generated increased engagement. The increased energy and demand for open data from seeing results on the ground quickly and cheaply remains a key to maintaining momentum. Results from data collection and digitization activities have been most successful when addressing a pressing need. Geospatial data innovations in particular have been extremely popular with platforms such as OpenStreetMap and OpenAerialMap offering new tools and capabilities for town councils to accelerate property registers, land tenure, local planning and disaster risk assessment. The success is in part due to the lack of official maps which are neither high enough resolution nor up-to-date. There have been cases where ancillary open data can also be used to validate or correct official data. Zanzibar is notable for is request to focus open data support on its Lands Hub strategy. The government has a clear understanding of its data needs and importance to its National Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy and requested support to collect, share and use aerial survey data and derived land use datasets. The SOGDAT program has provided limited but instrumental support through the State University of Zanzibar where unique expertise in Open Data for Lands now exists. An important motivation of local government is the desire to develop the skills to create data on demand. The fast changing and informal nature of many Tanzanian cities presents a clear data problem for municipal directors in planning and service delivery who lack the resources to maintain expensive GIS team of data repositories. Local government is thus expected to be a driver for future open data - that are free, timely and actionable - in Tanzania. An important legacy of the SOGDAT is in the development of open content for trainers and the certification of Open Data Institute Registered Trainers – the first time the program is run outside of the U.K. – resulting in five Registered Trainers and one Learning Associate. Together these have trained over 400 participants employing both U.K. content and local language content. There currently exists high demand for results monitoring and visualization of national development and Sustainable Development Goals as well as at local levels. NBS and several development partners have expressed desire to focus open data support on SDGs, emulating a trend across many countries internationally. As such OGP momentum appears to be shifting toward the SDG agenda and local data. Key risks to sustainability exist. Both the draft open data policy and the draft third OGP National Action Plan have not received official endorsements. This is hindering expansion of the Open Data Initiative to new sectors, limiting development partner support and preventing clear signals to managers and policy makers about cultural change. Furthermore, there is risk of reduced high level ownership for the initiative and loss of momentum. 4 1. Introduction The World Bank activity under the Support to Open Government, Data and Accountability in Tanzania (SOGDAT) programme is a three-year Technical Assistance aiming to establish open data and support service delivery tracking in Education, Water and Health sectors. This document represents a third year progress report on World Bank executed activities under SOGDAT. Open Data is data, which anyone is free to use, re-use or redistribute it, subject at most to measures that preserve provenance and openness. The World Bank identifies two dimensions of data openness: 1. The data must be legally open, which means they must be placed in the public domain or under liberal terms of use with minimal restrictions. 2. The data must be technically open, which means they must be published in electronic formats that are machine readable and preferably non-proprietary, so that anyone can access and use the data using common, freely available software tools. Data must also be publicly available and accessible on a public server, without password or firewall restrictions. The World Bank has led the technical support to Tanzania’s Open Data Initiative through UK Aid funded SOGDAT Programme from 2014. This followed the Government of Tanzania (GoT) joining the Open Government Partnership (OGP) in 2012 and committing to: (i) promote public integrity and transparency, enhance proper management of public resources and fight corruption; and (ii) strengthen mechanisms for citizens’ engagement and participation in improving service delivery in their own areas. Following the development of the Tanzania OGP National Action Plan 2012-2013 the Bank and Government of Tanzania conducted jointly an Open Data Readiness Assessment (ODRA) in 2013, which led to articulating main drivers for Tanzania Open Data Initiative (TODI): transparency, efficiency, service delivery and innovation. A revised plan for OGP implementation between 2014 and 2016 provided for a longer time frame to achieve commitments and maintained an explicit category for establishing an open data programme. These activities aimed to enable the execution of OGP 5 commitments made by Tanzania, as well as to support Water, Health and Education plans of the Big Results Now (BRN), and the creation of a sound policy and legal foundation. The Open Data Initiative of Tanzania was formally kicked off through a circular of the Chief Secretary in January 2015. After two years Open Data use in Tanzania remains in the early stages. As such, results and expectations on the benefits to date should be viewed through the lens of a maturity model. Certain benefits, such as the improvement of government service delivery through active feedback of citizens and service beneficiaries through information service producers, are commonly cited goals of Open Data programs, but typically the result of long term ecosystem development. Other benefits, such as government cost savings or increased investment in data quality resulting from the need to publish raw data, are more easily measured in the short-run. As such, readers should interpret results-to-date presented in this report through the lens of an open data-lifecycle. It is expected that the evidence on impacts will bias towards short run gains, but this should not be interpreted as a lack of long term impact at this stage. Driver “Early” gains “Mature” gains Transparency Improved data quality Accountability Efficiency Cost/time savings Improved service reach Innovation Increased data investment New digital services The Open Data Barometer places Tanzania in the “capacity constrained” cluster of countries whose open data initiatives are challenged by limits in government, civil society or private sector capacity, internet penetration, and data collection and management. The Bank’s support through SOGDAT has focussed on three pillars: 1) The policy and legal framework; 2) The supply of datasets; and 3) The demand for open data. In the original framing, the “supply” side was presumed to be mostly focussed on government data and government agencies involved in the collection, preparation, publishing and maintenance of machine readable online government data. The demand side expected a focus on consumers of the data, either end users directly, or through information intermediaries, known as ‘info-mediaries’. Implementation lessons from Tanzania as well as other countries have shown that the picture is in fact more complex. Often, championing the direct benefits to government agencies is a key motivation in early stage activities, and hence much of the supply side work has also underscored areas whereby government agencies themselves become an important beneficiary of opening their own data. In British Columbia for example, one third of download requests from the open data portal have a government IP address1. In Tanzania, anecdotal evidence suggests an even greater government user role; especially in the access of fundamental datasets such as facilities locations or administrative boundaries which are of cross cutting application and critical for local government authorities. There is also evidence of high demand for training concerned with the use of data. 1 The proportion is not known for Tanzania at the time of writing however eGovernment Agency is conducting an IP address review of downloads to assess the proportion from government. 6 Another key feature of the data supply actions has been the issue to addressing data gaps; many government datasets are incomplete and this often results in a reluctance to publish. In these cases the use of non-government open data sources (such as OpenStreetMap), or in the easy collection of targeted data collection (e.g. Digitization or crowdsourcing) can be important in demonstrating low cost means to plug the data gaps. The ability to parse and visualise data quality and data gaps is a key part of early stage data supply, and the demonstration of low cost approaches to collecting ‘missing’ data is also an important catalyst in the data supply activities. This report maintains the original Data supply and data demand structure of previous years, but in order to fully illustrate the steps involved, the Data Supply model is expanded into its component phases of: Collection, Sharing, Collection Sharing and Analysis. The Data Demand model remains with its focus on data users but will also distinguish between service providers, infomediaries and basic skills capacity building. The approach taken by the World Bank team has been to build as much local capacity and ownerships as possible and Use focus on the high transaction frequent interactions required with government data producers. In the last year, the program particularly focused on carrying out Data Dives and Data Cleaning and Harmonization Workshops, week long data preparation and publication activities in priority sectors, to continue to foster Supply Demand relationships with government data Figure 1 Illustration of Open Data Elements in SOGDAT practitioners and across government data procedures. The lessons of the first and second years to double down on technical trainings have helped to improve the quality and interoperability of published data though work remains to instil consistent practices in documentation, identifiers and verification and make these truly useful to all. Demonstration and small pilot activities to empower agencies with data digitization, mobile data collection and the opportunities for leveraging citizen data in the mix have also generated increased engagement. The increased energy and demand for open data from seeing results on the ground quickly and cheaply remains a key to motivating agencies. Progress to Date The ambitious third OGP National Action Plan (available in Annex) was presented to stakeholders in September 2016 and adds Transport and Agriculture as new priority sectors for open data. It is available in draft form and has not yet been submitted to the OGP. The government has made progress and implemented a broad set of coordination actions, plans and data releases. On January 2nd 2015 the Chief Secretary issued a circular to all government departments launching Takwimu Huria, or free statistics by its Swahili term. From this circular the country embarked on a limited open data initiative focussed on Health, Education and Water as priority sectors, whilst also developing a national Open Data Policy in parallel. A technical Open Data Task Force was established in 2015 between National Bureau of Statistics (chairing), eGovernment Agency and National Archives, and reporting to Ministry of Finance. The Task Force has set in place the mechanics for how government data producers are expected to identify, curate, validate and publish raw 7 government data as open data. Since June 2016, the Task Force established a Work Plan, including Government budgetary support, communications strategy, and has been supported by the Open Data Secretariat with SOGDAT support (Open Data Task Force Work Plan is available in Annex). The Task Force drafted the National Open Data policy, which was presented to the Permanent Secretary of Finance in February 2017 by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) with the request to transmit it to the Cabinet for endorsement. A national open data portal: www.opendata.go.tz was launched in September 2015 and currently holds 163 datasets focussed primarily on health, education and water, which has doubled from year 2016 as well as a visualization gallery and has undergone upgrade and improvement. In the new fourth edition of the Open Data Barometer report Tanzania appeared placed 67, which is an improved position from 69 in the third edition. Taking into account the addition of 23 new countries to the ranking, Tanzania jumped 11 places, and is ranked 5th in the Africa Region. Tanzania scored best on Readiness indicators, which means that the main aspects for the country to move quickly on open data are in place. Implementation and Impact however are lagging and need improvement. ODB Readiness Implementation Impact Country Rank 2016-Rank Score Kenya 35 40 57 22 58 42 South Africa 46 34 51 28 29 47 Ghana 59 26 52 11 28 70 Mauritius 59 26 38 33 6 53 Tanzania 67 22 40 17 14 69 Burkina Faso 67 22 31 16 28 70 Nigeria 70 21 31 7 41 67 Rwanda 71 20 29 27 3 46 Ethiopia 81 16 47 9 0 78 Uganda 90 12 26 11 4 70 Malawi 93 11 8 16 13 78 Senegal 98 9 24 9 0 70 Namibia 98 9 25 8 0 78 Sierra Leone 100 8 23 5 7 86 Benin 103 7 13 13 0 76 Botswana 104 6 21 4 0 78 Cameroon 107 5 12 5 7 78 Zambia 108 4 14 5 0 86 Mozambique 110 3 14 4 0 76 Zimbabwe 111 2 9 4 0 90 Mali 111 2 12 3 0 88 8 The Open Data Barometer report stresses that political will needs to be translated into strong legal and policy foundations, which has demonstrated positive results in countries such as Canada, Mexico, Japan and Korea by achieving steady progress in their Barometer rankings. On the other hand, countries which failed to maintain such high-level support such as neighbouring Rwanda have dropped significantly. In light of the recent findings by the Open Data Institute2 of reduced political support of the Open Data agenda in Tanzania, this poses a challenge to continue steady improvement in the ranking in the coming years. The program during year three also focused on strengthening the Open Data Task Force. International exposure via ‘Making Data Work’ Study Tour to London, U.K. and International Open Data Conference in Madrid, Spain helped to build individual capacities and the team and anchored national programme milestones with international exposure. Technical assistance for the policy process is starting to bear fruit with the draft Open Data Policy having been presented to the team of PS of Finance which requested the second presentation by the NBS. 2 Building Open Data Capacity in Tanzania: Final report on programme of Training and Policy Engagement and Support [draft], Open Data Institute (May 2017) 9 2. Policy and Legal Framework Summary The Open Data Readiness Assessment (ODRA) in June 2013 concluded that the Government of Tanzania was committed to establishing an open data initiative, but identified the policy framework as weak and therefore recommended the development of a comprehensive open data policy. At the beginning of 2015 the Chief Secretary’s Circular spelled out the Government’s commitment to open data and gave instructions for the release of certain data sets in a number of sectors. The medium and longer-term success of the Tanzania Open Data Initiative will depend on whether it will be anchored in a clear policy and legal framework and a solid institutional arrangement. During 2016/17 this component focused on strengthening the Open Data Task Force and supporting the development of the draft open data policy. The finalization of the draft open data policy, the creation of an open data secretariat, capacity building for communication of open data, and the study tour to London were key activities. The Task Force drafted the National Open Data policy in 2016 and conducted public consultation as well as several rounds of revision based on government feedback. A final draft was presented to the Permanent Secretary of Finance in February 2017 by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). In June 2017, the office of the Permanent Secretary of Finance requested NBS to deliver a presentation on Open Data Policy. The presentation should take place after the budget period is over. Activities Date Policy and legal framework February 2016 Second Policy Retreat & Workshop with ODI, Dodoma Joint Work Plan Formulation April 2016 Public Stakeholder Consultation on Draft Open Data Policy 10 April 2016 Policy Workshop with ODI to support finalization of Open Data Policy, focus on Open Data policy, license and data quality July 2016 ‘Making Data Work’ Study Tour: training at ODI HQ and meetings with high profile figures within the UK open data ecosystem. August 2016 Draft Open Data Communication Strategy August 2016 Open Data Task Force Meeting: Policy Drafting Session Sept-October Technical Assistance to finalize the draft Open Data Policy (A. Stott, ODI and WB team) 2016 October 2016 Participation in IODC, Open Data Leaders’ Summit in Madrid: Ruth Minja, Chair ODTF, NBS and Rose Aiko, Open Data Secretariat November Policy Workshop with ODI on a) challenges and solution to publication of open data; b) 2016 communication of Open Data: communications masterclass; Open Data Task Force Meeting March 2017 Policy Week with ODI: a) Open Data Use Cases b) Communication Plan In Focus: “Making Data Work” Study Tour for Open Data Task Force (London, U.K.) In London, the Task Force met with important players from across the UK open data ecosystem. The meeting with Thom Townsend, Senior Policy Advisor in the UK Cabinet Office, focussed on driving progress on open data initiatives from within government. In particular Thom discussed how to foster a strong partnership between government and civil society. He also explained the principle of ‘dogfooding’: using your own product in your day- to-day operations is the best way to ensure it is high quality. Several delegates reflected that this was a key takeaway from the day. If their government relied upon the data it produced, there would be a strong incentive to improve data quality. During a Q&A session with Antonio Acuna, head of the UK Government’s open data portal data.gov.uk, one participant asked how to make open data initiatives sustainable when faced with political transitions. Antonio explained: “You need to turn open data into an asset that government can use to achieve its goals. Make open data essential to the flows between ministries, to how government works.” In response to questions on data management, Antonio directed the team towards two useful resources: 1. the ODI’s maturity model, for portal managers to share with publishers to help them improve how they publish data; and 2. The UK’s National Information Infrastructure, which contains explicit guidance and a framework for data management. The team came away with a strong sense that successful initiatives were not about technology but about changing culture and behaviour of those working with data. Indicators Output Indicator 1.2 OGP commitments met 11 Baseline Milestone 1 Milestone 2 Target June 2017 2/25 OGP commitment 6/18 OGP 2 actions 10/18 actions Planned 15/18 actions delivered s delivered delivered delivered by Oct 2013 In March 2016, 3 more actions have In March 2015, 7 been completed: actions have been completed: Review existing data policy Access to Information Bill tabled to Publish second set of Parliament open data Guidelines on open Publish demarcated data management in areas for mining place In September 2016 an ambitious draft 3rd NAP was This brings the Open Data Portal in presented to stakeholders. number of achieved place By June 2017, the NAP has actions to 10/16. not yet been officially First set of open data endorsed or submitted to Achieved on education, health the OGP. Tanzania was and water published moved to the odd-year and accessible One action which countries and is expected was rated achieved to submit the NAP by 30th in 2015 – timely June in order to maintain Budget data publicly publication of tax full OGP status. available exemption – seems to have been sliding Tax exemptions and has not been published continued as expected on a Pac and LAAC reports quarterly basis. published See list of OGP 2014- 16 commitments and See list of OGP actions Commitments 2014- 16 Source: OGP Self-Assessment reports OGP Independent Reporting Mechanism reports Output Indicator 1.3 (shared WB and Twaweza) Policy and legal framework in place for access to information Baseline Milestone March Milestone 2 Target March 2017 2014 2015 March 2016 Freedom of Freedom of No freedom Freedom of information Bill information Bill information Bill of passed by Parliament Planned drafted passed by Parliament information law 12 Twaweza, together with a coalition of CS The Access to actors, has lobbied to Information Bill has have the draft Bill been drafted, withdrawn and improved to be It was passed by tabled in 2016. The bill was passed by cabinet and submitted Parliament in September to Parliament (Feb Achieved 2016. The Freedom of 2015) Information Act is therefore According to the in place. The WB team has Ministry of requested to review Constitution and the contents of the Bill Legal Affairs stakeholder consultations are ongoing. Source: Cabinet paper; Hansard Narrative The overall objective of the technical assistance was to help the Government of Tanzania (GoT) establish a clear policy and institutional framework for open data. Though progress was slower than expected, by the end of 2016 Tanzania has come a long way towards the goal. The interagency Open Data Task Force is now supported by an Open Data Secretariat and a comprehensive open data policy, in line with best practice is being submitted to Cabinet for approval. The Open Data Task Force adopted the term Takwimu Huria, Kiswahili for Open Data. The 2nd OGP Action Plan set the target date of June 2016 for an effective Open Data Policy to be developed by the Task Force, whilst the Circular from the Chief Secretary for January 2nd 2015 serves as the interim directive. However the Task Force has been comprised of technical agencies unaccustomed to policy making, and recommendations are made to the Ministry of Finance, before passing to the State House, and this target date was not achieved. One area identified in the second year of SOGDAT for further support was the issue of data licensing and the benefits of applying a single Open Government data license which were missing from early guidelines. A second area of focus was the sensitization of policy makers forming part of the new 5th phase government. As such, a focus in 2016 was on supporting the task force to finalize the policy draft during a series of policy workshops, expert comments and stakeholder consultations. 13 In April 2016, more than 50 representatives from government, civil society organizations, private sector and media discussed the first policy draft and submitted extensive comments and suggestions. This was followed up in June 2016 with a delegation of 10 Tanzanian Government representatives, comprising of task force members from National Bureau of Statistics, eGovernment Agency, Records and Archives Management Department and PO-RALG study tour in London to learn how to “make data work”. The rationale for travel to the UK was to allow participants to observe how other governments, businesses and organizations are using data, meet senior members of the UK Cabinet Office who are responsible for the UK government’s open data initiative, engage with businesses and NGOs which are working with data in the three priority areas for the Government of Tanzania, meet startups which can demonstrate business uses and impact of data, and that they could then use these lessons to help develop the next phase of the Government of Tanzania’s open data initiative. Below is an excerpt of the appreciation letter sent by GoT: REF: Appreciation for the Study Tour on “Making Data Work” in London from 4 th-8th July, 2016 The National Bureau of Statistics would like to thank the World Bank for organising and financing the study tour on “Making Data Work” in London from 4th to 8th July, 2016. Participants of the tour included officials from the National Bureau of Statistics, President’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Government (PORALG), Hombolo Local Government College, Records and Archives Management Department (RAMD), e-Government Agency and the Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH). All of the delegates are members of the Open Data Initiative Task Force in Tanzania. The study was abundantly helpful and provided insight and expertise that will greatly assist in the implementation of the Open Data Initiative (ODI) in Tanzania. The study provided inspiration and real-world experience relevant for accelerating the implementation of the Open Data Initiative in Tanzania. Using the experience and knowledge gained during the study tour, the team put the action plan for quick wins for the coming six months from July – December, 2016 as per attached back to office report. Another milestone was the establishment of an Open Data Secretariat, which strengthened the management of the task force, helped identify and solve bottlenecks for data publication, and started taking over the organization of capacity building activities and preparation of a communications plan. In October 2016, Ruth Minja, Chair of the Open Data Task Force, NBS and Rose Aiko, Open Data Secretariat attended the 4th International Open Data Conference (IODC) in Madrid. IODC is the essential global meeting point for the global community to debate and study the future of open data. It provides a platform to build stronger relationships between open data initiatives from the different governments and establish a dialogue between stakeholders3. As part of the pre-conference, activities Tanzania delegates attended the Open Data Leaders Summit, which provided an excellent opportunity to learn from leaders from peer countries, share Tanzania’s achievements and discuss strategies for realizing impact from open data. Ms. Rose Aiko also spoke at the panel session ‘Connecting the dots: Aligning local initiatives with national open data programmes and global goals’ to provide country’s perspective on challenges, which local authorities working on open data are facing in Tanzania. 3 http://opendatacon.org/iodc16/about/ 14 Based on an Open Data communications strategy, a series of four workshops with management and communications staff from NBS, Ministry of Information, Culture, Arts & Sports, eGovernment Agency and other key stakeholders built momentum and capacity for communication activities. The most recent master class taught participants how to produce an online newsletter, a blog post and a brochure, which will shortly be released to the public. Outcomes The key achievement of 2016/2017, is that the policy draft was handed over to the Ministry of Finance for submission to Cabinet in December 2016 and that it, in line with international best practice makes government data “open by default” and makes reference to the eight principles of the International Open Data Charter. The Open Data Circular by the Chief Photo 1 Rose Aiko presenting in a panel discussion ‘Connecting the dots: Aligning local initiatives with national open data Secretary in January 2015 and the draft programmes and global goals’ at IODC, Madrid Open Data Policy, submitted to Ministry of Finance / Cabinet in December 2016 are key outcomes towards establishing a clear legal framework. The interagency Open Data Task Force, supported by the Open Data Secretariat have made substantial steps towards institutionalizing an open data practice in Tanzania. However in the absence of an approved policy, the initiative risks losing both momentum in existing sectors and opportunities to expand to cover other sectors. Policy approval would also help signal that institutional cultures need to change. In addition, sustainability will depend on high level political support, allocation of national financial and human resources, continued publication and updating of high value data sets, and active and constructive use of the data inside and outside Government. Lessons Learned Open Data is a relatively new concept in Tanzania and progress in developing and adopting a policy has been slower than anticipated. It is in part due to recognition that whilst the concepts may be deceptively simple at a technical level, the principles do generally represent a significant shift in government role, culture and production model for information services. It is thus a relatively complex reform process. Key lessons can be summarized as follows: Policy & Politics – Policy change takes time and involves sensitization, building trust, culture change, careful communication. Highest level political support is crucial. In Tanzania, the Open Data Initiative lost momentum when a new administration took office and seemed to prioritize other issues. The team does not believe that the 5th Phase government has decided actively to de-prioritise Open Data, but 15 Open Data Portal: sustainability and risks 4 Political will Visible, high level political support is not currently being given. The change of administration, a new set of governmental priorities and the accompanying move to Dodoma appear to have shifted what focus there was on open data elsewhere. Clear Prioritization of datasets A list of priority datasets for publication from the three key sectors (health, water and education) was compiled by the Task Force in 2016. However the criteria for selection has been unclear to many Task Force members as well as process for updating of adding to the list. This is important because departments can be reluctant to submit data that is not on the list. Data publication procedures The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) has responsibility for the overall coordination of the portal, and for requesting data, however this function depends on clear lines of communication with focal points in line agencies; which in turn can be problematic in a pilot phase and new government administration. Ad-hoc data publication Some data owners such as NBS and the Department for Health are publishing some data on their own websites. This would be fine if the national portal is also updated at a metadata level to refer to ministerial sites (to maintain a single national catalogue) and if the same “open data” standards were applied (to ensure that the data could be used effectively). However ministry websites publishing staff may not be familiar with the Open Data portal or the national Open Data standards. As a result, some data which agencies believe have been released as Open Data are in fact not machine readable or interoperable; data are spread across a range of websites which makes it more difficult for users to find; and there is doubt as to whether it can be classified as “open data” if it is not on the official portal. rather that the new government has introduced strict focus on key priorities and most policy makers have not had the opportunity to relate Open Data as an enabler of new policy priorities. As such, there has been a failure to reframe and present the value proposition of Open Data beyond its original OGP and BRN goals to address priorities of the new government. Process – A task force comprised of 16 representatives from different ministries and agencies, can be a cumbersome mechanism for the drafting process. Besides the large task force team set to draft the policy, the majority of members also lacked prior experience with policy development. Empowering a smaller team with policy-writing skills to do the drafting and then consulting the full task force for their review and commenting may have been a simpler and faster process. The process would also have benefited from expert input at the beginning (rather than to review what had been done) and skillful facilitation throughout. Workshops are a good way of bringing the full team together and make progress. However, there is a risk of creating a work culture which relies on costly events in order to get things done. There is also a risk of a perverse incentive for committee members drawn to the status of membership to extend indefinitely the drafting process. A clear terms of reference for a drafting team, with expected output, dates and senior government client should be set out from the onset. 4 Key risk categories derived from Building Open Data Capacity in Tanzania: Final report on programme of Training and Policy Engagement and Support [draft], Open Data Institute (May 2017) 16 Study tours and participation in international conferences can play a catalyst role by inspiring decision- makers, enabling for peer-to-peer exchange and creating a vision to guide the policy process oriented on high achievers. Progress Determinants – An interagency working group, whose members all have other, full-time management jobs, needs management support in form of a secretariat or similar institution, to keep momentum between decisions, plans and implementation. A costed joint work plan for the Task Force (or implementation unit) and the Bank Team is a useful tool for managing the cooperation and helps speed up implementation. Momentum – Open Data policy implies organizational change and shifting roles for a few agencies. This in turn can be uncertain and unsettling. Sustaining momentum is important for the policy drafting process to maintain visibility with policy makers. This requires not only periodic and sustained high level championing but also constant feedback from eager and energetic stakeholders and regular news articles illustrating small but significant “quick wins” and other successes. While the decision to limit the pilot phase of Open Data to Health, Education and Water enabled a clear focus in the early stages, the lack of a simple mechanism to extend participation to other data rich sectors keen to benefit (such as Agriculture and Transport) has delayed the scaling out of the program. This lack of expansion has also limited the utility of datasets within Health, Education and Water: since open data seeks to make it easy to combine datasets, a network effect exists whereby the utility of and demand for a school results dataset increases when published in combination with national road conditions or child nutrition data for example. 17 3. Improving Open Data Supply Summary update The third year of the SOGDAT program still placed a lot of emphasis on supporting and improving the supply of government data both the individual skills of civil servants and also the procedures and institutional processes followed. In the first two years of implementation of the program it became clear that the Government does not only supply government data, which includes collection and sharing of data, but also uses its own data for improved efficiency of public service. A key part of the training needs also became the analytical tools to visualise, curate and filter datasets in order to assess quality, dimension gaps, and identify fitness for use. As such, data supply trainings aimed to cover the spectrum of how to collect, share, and analyse data that are already open or intended to become open, in the legal and technical meanings. The core training programme was delivered, for both government data technicians, as well as demand side users, by the Open Data Institute. It was built from a Training Needs Analysis and iteratively adapted for each subsequent training week. The mainstay of the data sharing tools was the national open data portal, as well as two specialised geospatial portals, known as Geonodes, and references to non-governmental open data available on platforms such as OpenStreetMap and Open Aerial Map. 18 The most popular datasets in 2016/2017 from the national portal have been Swahili language datasets relating to education and health (shown in the table below)5. Table 1 Most popular Opendata.go.tz downloads in 2016-2017 Name of dataset Number of downloads Number of graduates from vocational training and community development 549 colleges in 2015 Admission in vocational training and community development colleges 241 Populations at village level 2012 Primary Health Care 154 Number of secondary schools by region 145 Activities Date Government open data supply April 2016 Five-day Data Dive on Education June 2016 Four-day Data Dive on Health and Water Open Data in a Day for the OGP Steering Committee and the policy and planning departments of various government ministries October 2016 – Digitization Using Microwork at COSTECH January 2017 November 2016 Four-day Open Data Dive for local government and NGOs First Data Cleaning and Harmonization Workshop for Health, Education, Water – Bagamoyo New datasets added to the Open Data portal December 2016 Phase 1 of technical work to improve existing and to add new features to the open data portal February 2017 Second Data Cleaning and Harmonization Workshop for Health, Education, Water – Bagamoyo New datasets added to the Open Data portal February 2017 Phase 2 of technical work to improve existing and to add new features to the Open Data portal including “Request Data” March 2017 Four-day Data Dive on Transport April 2017 Phase 3 of technical work to improve existing and to add new features to the Open Data portal May 2017 Phase 4 of technical work to improve existing and to add new features to the Open Data portal Sustainable Development Data preparation workshop (multisectoral) June 2017 Four-day Data Dive on Agriculture sector [PLANNED] Non-Government open data supply June 2016 Cycle Route Mapping Code for Resilience: 3D Printed Weather Stations 5 Unfortunately website analytics to track dataset downloads was not implemented by the eGovernment Agency until December 2015. So the first four months of activity, including the Presidential Launch of the portal, were not recorded, However for this year there are full statistics. 19 Code for Resilience: Flood Inundation Mapping Code for Resilience: Worldpop/QGIS Integration October 2016 Atlas for Flood Resilience Risk Profile Maps (29 Neighbourhoods) November 2016 Ramani Huria / Open Map Closing Workshop May 2017 ZanSEA Conference on Open Geospatial data Indicators Outcome Indicator 2 Open Data linked to BRN is available for government and public to better monitor its progress and impact Baseline Milestone 1 Milestone 2 Target June 2017 Planned BRN Launch of Education Launch of Health Prototype of dashboard targets set; dashboard on Open dashboard available on for other BRN sector(s) Data portal along with Open Data portal along supporting data with supporting data Initial Launch of Water Analytics using Open developme dashboard available on Data and related nt of Open Data portal along Open Data available for visualizations publicly Education with supporting data all BRN sectors available for key BRN dashboard sectors and used by begun agencies Achieved  Open data portal  Open data portal  Open data portal available but not upgraded and upgraded again for officially launched: officially launched increased Open Government at AODC in Sept functionality, Week in June 2015 2015, see includes ‘request opendata.go.tz data’  Education Data  The number of data dashboard  Education & Water sets on the portal developed, see dashboards have doubled: 163 presentation complete and datasets, containing online, migrating 755 resources from  Water dashboard from takwimu.org 11 institutions and developed to opendata.go.tz 4 sectors  Dashboards for  Contract for further  Health dashboard: health, education dashboard awaiting upload of and water fully development data to Open Data functional, including awarded portal feedback mechanism  List of new datasets  Preparation of data for Open Data for SDG & FYDP portal pending, portal started awaiting TF work plan (+ SDG) Source: Tanzania Open Data Portal; World Bank 20 Narrative Data Collection Building on previous collaborations the SOGDAT team has worked with existing World Bank projects where government counterparts are already engaging in producing data and refining data requirements for data driven decision making. SOGDAT support was used as an incremental additional effort to nudge such efforts towards greater openness or to showcase their potential to a broader set of government stakeholders. Of specific note are the following projects: Open Map / Ramani Huria – this activity is helping to map communities in Dar es Salaam including the use of satellite, manned and unmanned aerial imagery. SOGDAT support has helped the Commission for Science and Technology and local government to release government satellite imagery and derived geospatial data products under and open data license. This is publicly released under the brand of ‘Ramani Huria’ (Swahili for “open map”). Photo 2 New ODI Registered Trainer Emmanuel Feruzi delivers an Open Data training session A key challenge in Dar es Salaam is for town planners to keep up with the rapid urbanization – the city is growing at approximately 5% per year and is 75% unplanned. As such, local area maps are either out-of-date or non-existent. This is not usual across the continent, where approximately only 3% of Africa is mapped to local area levels (1:25,000 scale) compared with 87% of Europe6. Reflections from the Mayor of Dar es Salaam “I congratulate Ramani Huria for the work that they do and expect that these maps will be included into the Dar es Salaam Master Plan.” -Hon. Isawa Mwita, Mayor Ramani Huria has demonstrated the use of OpenStreetMap as a tool to fill in the gaps on local municipal maps. The project focussed on flood risk: a critical issue for the city and one that is demanding of up- to-date, high resolution, local data – for issues such as drains, buildings, streams and rivers, and aggravating factors such as waste dumping, blocked canals, or blocked bridges. All these items present a data challenge to traditional collection methods for municipal governments, but are relatively well known to local communities. Hence, Open Data sources such OpenStreetMap have been shown as powerful complements to municipal town planners and surveyors. Through collaborating with civil society, academia, and government the project has delivered: 6 UNECA 21  29 ward risk profiles7;  the mapping of 1254 km of waterways, 3396 km of roads;  Trained 450 community mappers  10 community disaster prevention teams established To facilitate the exchange of knowledge on open data for resilience, the Ramani Huria team organized and/or coordinated Fast and Fresh: Using Open Street eight conferences. These ranged in scope from technical Map to Deliver Food workshops to international forums on open data. A total of 600 participants took part in these conferences over 2016, many of Fast & Fresh, a Dar es Salaam based start-up, these carrying a high level of influence within their respective using Open Street Map. Fast & Fresh delivers fields. groceries to its customers’ homes, but it does so much more efficiently than it would These conferences enabled a two-way knowledge exchange, with otherwise be able to do if it used Google or a data holding government officials opening datasets to benefit different maps service. The improved data from added value that open data can achieve. An exemplar of this released by SOGDAT onto Open Street Map would be the geographic digitisation of buildings in Dar es allows Fast & Fresh to view more streets, Salaam, from newly released government purchased satellite incorporate a roughness index into its routes data. This was conducted as a collaboration between the Dar es to reduce damage to its trucks, and be more Salaam City Council and citizens to update the geographic specific about the addresses at which it needs dataset of buildings in Dar es Salaam. In releasing their existing to arrive, increasing both efficiency and building dataset, a collaboration of citizens and government productivity. officials worked together to update and groundtruth the current dataset. The outputs of this are now available as open data on OpenStreetMap. Notable use cases:  DarMAERT has reported improved efficiency in allocation of resources for emergency response service. “You see that we exhaust a lot of resources – and this data provided by Ramani Huria allows us to allocate out resources more efficiently” – Christopher Mnzava, Director of DarMAERT  The city council has urged that these maps are included in the Dar es Salaam Master Plan and that community mapping is adopted into government methodology. 7 Compiled into an Atlas for Flood Resilience - published in October 2016 - available athttp://ramanihuria.org/data/ 22 Digitization of Government Research – Pilot In October 2016, the Commission for Science and Technology, (COSTECH), Digital Data Divide, (DDD) and the World Bank, launched a project to test the viability of using Microwork as a means to leverage the abundant young labor force in digitizing government documents. The aim was to scan a selection of payment vouchers and research permit requests making up a sum of 200,000 individual pages; index a subsection of these pages and generate machine readable, searchable index that can be used to retrieve all scanned documents. The pilot sought to also provide an interface into the document index allowing for easy retrieval of PDF documents. By using local microwork8 this activity also had a dual goal of demonstrating new and emerging labour models that allow for Tanzanian youth to participate in the digitization process. As such training was provided to 20 workers in the process used to digitize and are available to continue should there be demand. COSTECH staff also received Photo 3 Digitization pilot at COSTECH training on: 1. The technical tools and methods used. 2. The management process for the microworkers 3. The tool used to search and retrieve the scanned documents. The project was considered a success and COSTECH demonstrated a keen interest in having the project expanded to facilitate the training of potential startups that have shown an interest in the methodology and would like to attempt to implement businesses around digitization using Microwork and to implement the digitization of more COSTECH and other government agency documents. 
 With respect to the Data, of the target 200,000 pages the project achieved 198,374 and indexing a total of 43,000 pages. 8 Microwork is a series of small tasks which together comprise a large unified project, and are completed by many people over the Internet. Microwork is considered the smallest unit of work in a virtual assembly line. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwork 23 Data Sharing Data Curation and Publication Workshops Information Sharing for Disaster The World Bank in collaboration with the National Bureau of Relief Statistics organized a data preparation, validation and publication sessions at the Agency for Development of During a recent earthquake in Bukoba, the Education Management (ADEM) in Bagamoyo in November Disaster Management Department of the Prime 2016 and February 2017. More than 70 new data sets were added Minister’s Office could have increased the to the open data portal during those two weeks. The workshops efficiency of its relief efforts had it been able to brought together data unit’s staff from heath, education and rapidly download data on the capacities of local water ministries as well as their affiliated agencies. The hospitals. workshops included training by the NBS data quality assurance team at the NBS on data quality and dissemination standards, a refresher training on data cleaning, and the Open Data Portal back end processes facilitated by the World Bank TODI team. February session also included a communications training for participants on how to visualize and communicate data stories with stakeholders, as well as a discussion of the appropriate channels for facilitating more effective engagement with Government Institutions to ensure timely publication of data on the open data portal. Open Data Portal NECTA - Data Sharing at the From July 2016, there were a series of meetings of a team National Examinations Council of responsible for the technical aspects of the open data portal to Tanzania discuss on the need to embark on improving existing features NECTA, the government agency which and adding new features to the open data portal. This was administers school exams, highlighted the informed by various feedback that the Open Data Task Force benefits that the Open Data Portal has brought got from open data stakeholders about the portal and also from to them. Before TODI, they used to receive 50 internal reflection from Open data institutions. in-person requests for their data every week. A work plan was drawn from these meetings, some of the Owing to the portal, they only rarely receive features which were included in it and implemented are as data requests now. This has freed NECTA staff described below: to execute other tasks and has improved productivity at the organization. At the same 1. Complete redesign of the user interface – One of the time, the cumulative effort and time that 50 major work of improving the open data portal was the complete people per week per year expended personally redesign of the user interface to make it more user friendly and visiting NECTA offices is also being saved now, clean for easier and quicker navigation around the portal. potentially allowing them to engage in more value generation activities. 24 Figure 2 National Open Data Portal redesigned by eGovernment Agency 2. “Suggest Dataset” and general feedback tools – These features were added to increase the level of engagement with users, to allow user needs to be taken into deep consideration when open data institutions prioritize datasets for release. Since this function has been introduced on the portal in February 2017 ten requests for data have been submitted (see the list of requested datasets in Annex). Figure 3 Redesign by eGovernment Agency of National Open Data portal includes Suggest a Dataset feature 3. Developing Application Programming Interface (API) for automatic data exchange with other data management systems. This has several benefits such as allowing for automating the process of uploading data to the portal which means removal of possibilities of human errors 25 during data upload and making sure data becomes available in a timely consistent manner from the main source. Other features which were implemented are as listed:  Improved the metadata template used by data uploaders for uploading data to the portal  Added better mechanism to describe to the user the relationship between sectors and the institutions under that particular sector.  Improved the responsiveness of the water, health and education dashboards.  Improved infrastructure for managing spatial data on the open data portal The tracked downloads of 1,269 have significantly WHO - Improving Efficiency Everyday underperformed the target indicator of 6,500 for year three. Unfortunately the tracking of downloads by At the World Health Organization (WHO), the data eGovernment agency has missed the first four months team reported that using Tanzania National Open Data of the website launch which likely included a surge of Portal saved an average of 2 days of wait time to interest given the president’s televised announcement. receive data. This included multiple visits to the Nevertheless, the metric is still expected to fall short Ministry of Health, as well as time lost for both the and belies a second result. Since site visits and unique Ministry and the WHO in filling out and processing the visitors is quite high, we anticipate that the download requisite forms. Furthermore, the WHO’s operations metric itself may be misleading. It is possible that either were consistently put on hold for the duration of the visitors are not finding data of interest for further work, 2-day wait period. By using the ODP, however, the and hence not downloading; or that more visitors access WHO staff is able to access data in minutes, increasing the site via mobile devices than originally anticipated the efficiency of both theirs and the Ministry of Health and simply cannot download. In the past three years and Social Welfare’s work. since SOGDAT began, internet access in Tanzania has surged, driven mostly by mobile based internet data. This leads people to increasingly query data via simple HTML5 web browsers, which themselves are increasingly powerful at visualizing data, thus mitigating the need in many cases to download the entire dataset. A more detailed assessment of computer versus mobile traffic and the details behind the download statistics will be explored for the final report at the conclusion of SOGDAT. 26 Figure 4 Statistics on most popular visits to the National Open Data portal by country COSTECH Geonode Whilst the national Open Data portal is tailored for tabular datasets and based on CKAN platform, Geonode has been supported as a Content Management platform for sharing Open Map Data. Geonode is itself an open source catalogue software based on Open Geospatial Consortium standards and designed to help agencies host and share open map data easily and efficiently. 27 SOGDAT support to COSTECH showcased the use of Geonode9 as an organising management system for such data, as well as Open Street Map and Open Aerial Map as free online data repositories and citizen data sources. Figure 5 COSTECH Geonode for Geo data sharing ZanSEA Geonode SUZA The ZanSEA Geonode is an open source platform for sharing geospatial data, interactive maps and best practices in GIS-developed as part of a demonstration for Spatial Data Infrastructure for Zanzibar hosted at the State University of Zanzibar. ZanSEA Conference, May 10 – 12, 2017, gathered over 100 participants from 14 countries, nine of which were African and showcased the main achievements of the ZanSEA project and brought government officials, students, and experts in the geospatial field together to discuss how different products and outcomes generated have been and could be used. Through presentations, demonstrations, and practical workshops, participants were equipped with new skills and knowledge on geospatial technology and learned about the important role that innovation, open data, and open source tools can play within this realm. - It currently hosts: 109 layers and 46 maps - There are 74 active users contributing to this Geonode 9 http://geonode.costech.or.tz/ and http://gis.costech.or.tz/data 28 Figure 6 ZanSEa Geonode Hosting Open Aerial Data from Zanzibar Mapping Initiative Data Analysis and Tools Service Delivery Dashboards in Education, Health, and Water During the second year work a health prototype dashboard was designed and operational versions of Education and Water were presented to the government – including to the Prime Minister (April 2015) and President (September 2015). The key distinction with the operational versions is that the dashboard software technology was built by the eGovernment Agency team and integrated with the CKAN portal such that the data powering dashboards pulls ‘live’ from the national portal. The third year of SOGDAT support has seen the completion of the Health Dashboard including the updating of features such as Star Ratings for health facilities. It is also worth noting that whilst originally convened as demand side tools, these dashboards have served a function as data visualization, parsing and management tools within Government. The Education dashboard in particular was enhanced to support the visualization of ‘missing schools’; referring to those schools whose locations was only approximately known. Missing Schools Example Amongst the various Education Sector datasets the Open Data Portal aims to provide geolocation information – the geographical coordinates – of all the primary and secondary schools registered in the country. However, of the 20,274 schools represented on the portal, only 60% have accurate geolocation 29 information, while the remaining 40% were missing this information. As part of this project, “placeholder locations” for these 40% of schools were approximated by one of three methods: a) Ward Approximation: This involves calculating the geographical center of every ward in the country using open data on the ward administrative boundary to derive coordinates and mapping missing schools at the center of the ward in which they are registered. 2,850 primary schools and 1,024 secondary schools fall into this category, comprising about 19% of all registered schools. b) District Approximation: This method is identical to ward approximation, except that it is the geographical center of every district in the country that is calculated, with schools missing ward locations being placed at the center of the district in which they are registered. 3,211 primary schools and 711 secondary schools fall into this category, once more comprising about 19% of all registered schools. c) Geocoder Approximation: For the remaining 308 missing schools (185 primary and 125 secondary), a case-by-case estimation was carried out to approximate the location of each missing school using either Google Maps or OpenStreetMap. This method accounted for the residual 2% of all registered schools. For geocoding 60% of all registered school locations, the total cost of the enumeration efforts are estimated to have been between $265,656 and up to $1M. The missing schools are presumed to be generally more remote or hard to reach, and therefore would be expected to be on the more expensive end of the cost estimate to accurate map. The approximation of missing schools, allowing for the map of Tanzania school distribution was enabled by the analysis and visualization tools provided during data dive trainings. Furthermore, the analysis encouraged the identification of critical schools whose location is important to map accurately. These can be prioritised as those schools falling into 2012 District boundaries for which the district was split into new local authorities – 69 new districts were created after 2012. Those schools whose location was only accurate to the district but not known sub-district level present a challenge as they cannot be assigned to new local authorities since created. In this way, data analysis tools are helping to understand the data gaps, and set prioritization and costing approaches for gathering high value data. Lessons Learned Including non-government data as a complement to the release of government data has continued to be a priority area for support in Tanzania. This is partly as a result of specific requests from key stakeholders in the light of a propensity for institutions and government as a whole to view the mission of open data initiative as simply releasing raw government data. It is common for the default assumption amongst civil servants to be that ‘mission accomplished’ is represented by the publication of quality and timely government data in open data standards. However the popularity of such data releases – as measured through data reuse and development of applications and services – is contingent on the ability to remix such data and develop a value-added digital production chain. Ancillary data sources are therefore extremely important as added value either as a direct addition to a dataset, or as a cross reference for purposes of data quality control and validation. Data Dives remain an important mechanism to build skills but are insufficient to change culture – managers and policy makers need to also be integrated into the training process. Open Data Trainings demonstrated that in Tanzania participants preferred to learn through practice and enjoyed being engaged with new challenges or experiences. As most of the participants had not previously participated in data training at this level, participants wanted to deeply explore all new 30 concepts and skills through practical activities. There was also increased learning through healthy debate and group discussions of concepts and ideas. Data is not as ubiquitous in Tanzania as it is in many other countries, meaning participants were introduced to many new concepts and skills throughout the workshop. As a result, participants wanted to fully explore and understand the role of data and the value to them and Tanzania. One of the key challenges for trainings was supporting participants without basic IT literacy skills – pre-knowledge level varied significantly. It was noted that those without basic IT skills had not received this as part of their core education. More support is needed to increase the level of IT skills in these cases as they form the foundations to training in data and many other areas. Overall, providing ongoing support to participants would maintain the momentum gained through the training beyond the end of this project. We would particularly recommend further training in data management with Excel or a similar spreadsheet programme, which was identified as a key area for further development. 31 4. Supporting Open Data Users Summary update The focus this year was to accumulate knowledge on how data is being used. One of the key findings is that the Government is not only data supplier but also major user and beneficiary of its own open government data. Building Capacity at the National A key focus of supporting data users in year three has been the expansion of data wrangling skills and open data Institute for Medical Research awareness to a broader group, beyond government, of data users. The training programme was delivered, for both The National Institute for Medical Research, government data technicians as users, as well as non- the largest medical research institution in government users, by the Open Data Institute. It was built Tanzania, has been participating in TODI from a Training Needs Analysis and iteratively adapted for trainings on open data and government data each subsequent training week. There were two overarching best practice in general. Interviewees from the aims to the training: to equip participants with the necessary Institute mentioned that the trainings have data skills, and to build open data training capacity in the been very helpful in building the capacity of the country through the Train the Trainer course. The face to face staff and in inculcating a more data-cognizant training was complemented by the development of an online culture in the organization. He mentioned that learning portal10. even more trainings would be further helpful. The ODI’s Skills Framework and in-country interviews were used to develop training tailored to Tanzania’s needs. The initial training needs analysis indicated that training should: 10 http://tanzania.learndata.info/ 32 ● provide a balance of policy, legal and technical data management skills associated with the use and publication of open data ● use local case studies and practical exercise ● balance soft skills with traditional hard skills, such as data cleaning. Activities Date Improving Government Data Use January 2016 Operation Education Dashboard Delivery – Code based and Documentation February 2016 Education dashboard Open Data Portal Integration + Training Operational Water Dashboard Delivery and Presentation Health Dashboard Prototype DAWASCO Open Data Workshop on Citizen Feedback Systems June 2016 Open Data in a Day for Infomediaries: NGOs, CSOs, media, universities and startups March 2017 Use Case Workshop for CSOs Supporting Data Communities January 2016 Code for Resilience Apps Development Sprint February 2016 International Development Hackathon 2016 – Harvard, MIT, Tufts April 2016 Map Dar! Maptime Tanzania Event May 2016 Global Map! Maptime Tanzania Event September 2016 Open Data Train the Trainer Workshop Map Disaster Relief! Maptime Tanzania Event November 2016 Health Data Roundtable in partnership with dLab December 2016 Map World Aids Day! Maptime Tanzania Event January 2017 Map Shinyanga! Maptime Tanzania Event March 2017 Demonstration of the Open Data Portal for the International Open Data Day (March 4) March 2017 Map TZ! Maptime Tanzania Event April 2017 Sahara Sparks Smart Solutions Hackathon Sahara Sparks Conference Smart City Solutions May 2017 Map Mbeya! Maptime Tanzania Event May 2017 Innovation Week June 2017 Open Data Stakeholder Community Meetup [PLANNED] 33 Indicators Outcome Indicator 3 Increasing # of users for open government data and increasing agency engagement with them Target Baseline Milestone 1 Milestone 2 June 2017 Planned a) 40 Info- a) 50 Info- a) 100 info-mediaries a) 200 info-mediaries mediaries mediaries trained; trained; trained; trained; 2,500 dataset b) 6,500 dataset b) 0 downloads; b) 1,000 dataset downloads; downloads; c) No agency downloads; b) 3 additional agencies c) 3 additional agencies promotion of organize activities organize activities data reuse c) At least 2 aimed at reuse of aimed at reuse of agencies their data their data organize activities aimed at reuse of their data Achieved a) Trainings and a) Trained ca. 150 a) Additional 110 non- data dives with infomediaries through government >100 NegaWatt (50), participants were participants from journalist training with trained, total 250 15 government TMF (20), different b) Number of agencies, see list app challenges (40), downloads 1,269 of participants AODC workshop (40) c) PO-RALG, TCU, have plus mapping parties published open data b) Demand-side or are in the process training with 15 b) Information on of uploading data. participants downloads is currently Ministry of Transport, not yet available, eGA Ministry of started to record Agriculture are c) Examples for numbers of visits in preparing open data data re-use: January 2016 for publication. shulewiki.com, globalpost.com article on ‘water c) Agencies which plan failure in or undertake open Tanzania’, Open data activities: Data Day Dar Judiciary – mapping 2015 organised courthouses, National by Dar Open Archives – digitization Knowledge of birth and death Community, registers, Kinondoni Education Data Municipality – Hackathon at community mapping, Buni, NegaWatt MOF: open aid data Challenge management. (starting 10 Request from NBS for March 2015) open data SDG monitoring. Dataset downloads: awaiting official launch of portal in June 2015 Source: Tanzania Open Data Portal; World Bank Output Indicator 1.1 # datasets published and in use by the public in key social sectors 34 Milestone 1 March Milestone 2 Target March Baseline 2014 Assumption 2015 March 2016 2017 Planned NECTA Exam data 2 datasets from at 6 additional 3 additional Government’s and NBS geo least three sectors datasets datasets published political and boundaries published published financial commitment to Achieved Datasets published Datasets Datasets published the OGP on opendata.go.tz / published on on opendata.go.tz continues 6 March 2015: opendata.go.tz / / 7June 2017: 10 Feb 2016:  Education: 3  Education: 38  Education: Parliament  Water: 3 48  Water: 16 approves Freedom of  Water: 10 Information Bill  Health: 4  Health, Community  Statistics:  Health: 9 Development, Population 2 Gender: 12  Statistics: Government Population  Population continues to See list of datasets 14 Statistics: 43 actively support Big Results Now Waterpoint Database and Open Data published April 2014  Local Initiative on maji.go.tz, now Government: on opendata.go.tz Note: the 49 number of Necta Exam results datasets above is for 2014 published based on the list in.xls on: of datasets on 755 resources the portal. Even from 11 with a more institutions and 4 http://www.necta.go strict definition sectors .tz/brn of datasets (see attached NBS Published 2012 opendata.go.tz new admin datasets & boundaries, July summary) this 2014 on: indicator has clearly been www.nbs.go.tz achieved. Source: Tanzania Open Data Portal Narrative Supporting data users adopted a strategy designed to promote and enable access to useful Tanzanian datasets as well as engage and develop awareness and skills of key information intermediary groups. Those groups were assumed at the start of the program to be academia and research, media and journalists, innovation hubs and start-ups, and parliamentarians and civil society. The approach in practice however also required a degree of customization and opportunism, reacting to demand from within Tanzanian and seeking partnerships with those groups keen to seize the mantle of open data. Trainings and their audiences therefore morphed into a spectrum of data users and events formats. A noteworthy evolution is the emergence of local government audiences hungry to access and use data. Capacity Building 35 Train the Trainer Train the Trainer course was delivered in Tanzania in September 2016 (see annex 1.8). The programme developed a network of professional trainers who can create and deliver ongoing learning interventions to support open data programmes. This was the first time the programme has been held outside the UK. Ten participants attended Train the Trainer, of whom based on assessment upon completion of the programme five were certified ODI Registered Trainers and one an ODI Learning Associate. This was a crucial step for the programme as a whole, and in particular its aim to build capacity for more open data training in Tanzania. So far, over 400 participants have been trained by Registered Trainers. Gender, youth and disabilities The SOGDAT programme has sought to recognise possible effects on disadvantage groups and gender equality in three dimensions: the direct participation of women in the programs capacity building and skills activities, the focus on gender and disability related datasets and data releases, and in the tools and decision support that improve service delivery to the disadvantaged. Training activities with respect to government are limited to civil servants selected by their respective agencies however SOGDAT did encourage gender balance and tracked participation. Over 35% of all training participants were female with this figure remaining relatively consistent across sectors and years. The supply of datasets on the portal has been reviewed and almost 42% of all datasets currently present on the Open Data portal have gender specific information. There are also many disability and youth specific datasets published under both education and health sectors. Decision support tools take the form of intuitive data visualizations; including at times simply the ability to recognise data gaps. Early results of the Education dashboard were to make it easy to spot outliers in pupil-teach ratios and underserved communities with too few teachers. The dashboard has also facilitated the quick identification of district governments that are lacking data entirely, thus supporting resource allocation for missing data. An important outcome of the open data support to the Dar es Salaam Flood Risk Atlas has been in the use of openstreetmap to digitize the informal and unplanned communities. The community data recorded through this exercise has been mostly contributed by women volunteers and in the cases of vulnerability data, concerns the impacts of flood events on children, the disabled and elderly. Thus the new tools to measure the informal areas and capture local voices in open data form allow for the possibility of better management and service delivery in areas such as drainage, waste collection, school facilities and even during the 2016 cholera epidemic response. Open Data in Practice In-person training courses delivered in partnership with the ODI were designed to equip participants with the skills and knowledge necessary to make best use of open data. During each of the training weeks, participants learnt how to articulate the need for open data; to navigate the legal and professional challenges of managing open data; to collect, clean and publish data openly; and to organise, analyse 36 and create basic data visualisations. The aims of the in-country training align to the skills identified in the training needs analysis. April 2016, the first five-day training workshop was delivered to 25 participants from the Education sector (full list of training participants available in Annex). The training focussed on developing skills to use and publish open data, navigate the legal and professional challenges of managing open data innovation and visualise data and communicate results to a wider audience. For the delivery of the second 4-day workshop in June 2016, the training focussed on Health and Water sectors. The course was adapted to include more practical exercises delivered at a slower pace, based on feedback from the training in April (see Annex 1.6). 35 participants were trained and each participant created a dashboard visualising health facilities data from the Ministry of Health, using data supplied by the World Bank. The third four-day workshop, delivered in November 2016, focussed on local government (see annex 2.1). There were 21 participants local government authorities (LGAs) from five regions in Tanzania: Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Singida, Kigoma and Morogoro. This training had a secondary aim, to support Tanzanian trainers who had passed the Train the Trainer course in September to deliver their first training sessions after completing their assessment, and encourage them to use and further develop their skills. This was the first chance that the newly qualified trainers had to put their skills into action as part of the project, by delivering short sessions within the context of a larger week. The final four-day workshop was held in March 2017 (see annex 2.3). It was led by Tanzanian Trainers who had passed the Train the Trainer course, with support from an ODI Trainer in the design and delivery of the week. There were 31 participants on this training, which meant a teacher student ratio of 1:6. This was instrumental to the success of the course. This was the final time that the ODI delivered open data training as part of this project, but it was evident from this course that Tanzania has a core of high quality open data trainers to sustain open data learning in Tanzania and East Africa. Throughout the programme, the training courses were adapted to improve the learning experience for participants. Firstly, the structure of the course was adapted every time to align to the preference for learning through practical activities expressed by participants. Whilst the aims of the week remained the same, the order was changed to ensure that there was more time to complete practical exercises. Secondly, the increased number of trainers able to facilitate practical exercise was another key success factor, particularly for the March 2017 training. This also meant that these trainers could help participants access necessary software and data used for the exercise whilst the lead trainer continued training. This eased the flow of exercises, particularly the data cleaning exercises. Next, based on feedback from the November training, that multiple trainers can confuse participants, in March the lead trainer provided a sense of continuity and signposted learners. Finally, throughout the programme, the time available to recap and reflect upon the day was increased. This enabled participants to explore what they wanted to do with the learning, and the next steps for them. Open Data in a Day In addition to these in-depth trainings (‘Data Dives’), two one-day trainings (‘Open Data in a Day’) were delivered in June 2016 to help reach a wider audience. The first workshop was attended by 31 participants including senior officials from the OGP Steering Committee and the policy and planning departments of various government ministries. The workshop covered open data essentials, enabling them to champion open data in their department. The second workshop, held at the Buni Innovation Hub, was attended by 53 participants including journalists, entrepreneurs, and civil society organisations, and provided training in how to use open data sources in Tanzania, including the Government's open data portal. Online Training As part of the training programme, we produced an online learning portal so that participants can continue learning outside the classroom. The portal is available under an open licence at tanzania.learndata.info for anyone to access, use and share. The portal contains slides from the week, as well as a deeper look at the concepts that were explored. 37 In addition, it has four e-learning modules on the foundations of data management. One key message that resonated from the training feedback was that participants were facing challenges with data management including the use of tools such as Excel. To address this challenge and continue to support participants outside of the classroom, we developed four online modules. These modules will enable users to manage data more effectively using simple and popular tools such as Excel and OpenRefine. Ramani Huria and University Students Extensive training within the realm of open data for mapping was conducted to equip students, government, and community members with invaluable skills to improve the country’s development planning. This training took the form of 43 sessions with varying target audiences that covered topics including OpenStreetMap, InaSAFE, QGIS, geospatial databases, and cartography. These sessions reached 830 citizens of Tanzania, including university students, community members, and government. 10 additional workshops were delivered in collaboration with CSOs and Universities - particularly the Tanzanian Red Cross Society, the key implementation partner for the Red Cross sponsored Zuia Mafuriko project to establish community-led emergency response mechanisms in urban areas. A sister project of the open mapping data took place with the State University of Zanzibar, focussed on geospatial data emerging from the Zanzibar Mapping Initiative. Local Government Open Data Training Curriculum Local Government Training Institute (LGTI) was established to improve the performance of the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) and other interested parties through demand-driven training, research, consultancy and advisory services. It is also mandated to conduct induction training for all new employees in the Local Government Authorities. LGTI offers both short and long courses in the areas of Local Government Management and Administration. For the long courses, the institute has an enrolment of more than 3,000 students in every academic year. The World Bank Tanzania has received a request from LGTI to enable the facilitation of data training curriculum and train the trainer program for LGTI teaching staff. As part of the capacity building component, the World Bank considers to partner with School of Data or similar organization to support LGTI in establishing a data curriculum which is going to cater to basic data skills and develop a mentorship program to enable its teaching staff to be trained and thereafter take charge of training students at the institute. Information Intermediaries Sustainable Development Goals Data Portal A national reporting platform for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and National 5-year Development Plan have been requested from the Bank. Through SOGDAT support was provided to review and clean existing SDG and national plan data, culminating in a SDG Data Dive in April 2017. It was found that approximately half of the 102 SDG indicators are also contained in the 147 National 5-year development plan indicators; however only half again of these have raw data to support their visualization and monitoring. The Open Data Secretariat presented preliminary findings of the Sustainable Development Data Gap assessment exercise in collaboration with the data Lab Project (D-Lab) in June 2017 at the D-Lab. The data gap assessment is intended to enable Tanzanian development stakeholders understand the extent of data availability and gaps for monitoring of national, regional and global development Goals and facilitate stakeholder’s consultations and engagement on how to fill the identified data gaps. The exercise is being done using the online Advanced Data Planning Tool (ADAPT) developed by PARIS21. Civil Society The Use Case Workshop organized in partnership with the ODI was attended by nine civil society organisations. Dr. Chuwa opened the session, emphasising the importance of “data in action”. The ODI provided an introduction to open data, definitions and advantages and presented case studies from 38 Tanzania, other African countries and globally. The table below summarises the goals each organisation came with and the ideas generated: Organisation Goals Ideas generated Become digital; Tell Invest more in data-driven stories. Training of staff to use data; Tell data driven stories; stories that ignite debate. Include a point of accountability. The Citizen Solution based journalism Policy advocacy; Using open data to show how gov allocate teachers Services; Social around TZ to even up the ratio; Conduct a survey to find out how Hakli Elumi accountability; teachers are allocated; Engage with teachers and with ministries Advocacy Action: publish the raw data (Citizen has had problems without being able to see the raw data underneath analysis.) Public financial Social accountability in health sector; Social accountability monitoring. management; 7 objectives all fit into this area; Get data from government and Sikika Strengthen the institutions. Process to hold to account. Next steps: look at available healthcare system data, design programme, advocacy, media engagement Communicate budget to citizens; Key areas to communicate: land, Kigoma Natural resources, ; health centres, education, water services Development Inspire information Priority area: health, education; Obtain data from Kigoma local Institute on digital government, WASA (Kigoma water service provision) Dissemination: street meeting, community boards Advocacy on family planning more successful; Map access points and Voice of youth facilities; Create an online and offline map - for individuals to make participation; Young Restless decisions; Create community scorecards to rate experience of centres people driving development used; Analyse, visualise and share this feedback - open; Decision change; Influencing making for service providers; Improve service delivery; Importance of those with power engagement in projects like this Rights of girls; Children’s Promote boys and dignity forum girls participation Conduct evidence based research from data - health, implementation Tacosode Improve education; of policy itself and deadlines. Evaluate impact; Issues for government Mobilise citizens to address to make interventions; Help policymakers make decisions; Wide range of sources - central gov, local gov Participants in the workshop identified several challenges to developing use cases. One set of challenges related to accessing and using the data, such as: ● Quality, timeliness and accessibility of data; ● Bureaucracy of getting data formalised and getting it signed off so it can be used; ● Raising awareness amongst citizens. It was suggested releasing more map information openly would be an important first step as it could be combined with other data of different kinds to create value. As a result, more openstreetmap trainings events open to the public have been built-in to a new World Bank mapping assistance program for Dar es Salaam. 39 Haki Elimu - Advocating for Better Data Lab Cooperation Education with a Data-Driven Model A key part of building demand side capacity has been HakiElimu is a non-profit group that serves three for SOGDAT to support the engagement of the Open roles: advocacy, research, and community Data Task Force and government champions with the organizing. Their mission is to improve education in emerging data ecosystem, and D-Lab as a hub. Tanzania, and specifically to utilize evidence-based The open data secretariat has participated in several policy to do so. They use the Open Data Portal in events in the past year: their research, identifying strengths and gaps within the Tanzania education system with the open data Stakeholder workshop on first MCC-PEPFAR Health provided by the Ministry. More innovative are their Challenge, August 31, 2016 - to share ideas about efforts to combine open data with data from the potential areas where the Data for Local Impact communities and advocacy groups with whom they innovation challenge call for applications could focus partner to create a robust picture of educational on to improve access to and use of open data for needs in Tanzania; this innovation in advocacy could improving health outcomes. The workshop was not have happened without the help of the TODI. convened by the Dar Teknohama Business Incubator project (DTBI) hosted by the Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH), and brought together stakeholders from the public sector, civil society, donor community as well as the private sector. MCC-PEPFAR consultative working session to discuss potential for a multi-stakeholder initiative to compile and visualize data on adolescents in Tanzania - the Open Data Secretariat participated on behalf of the National Bureau of Statistics at the MCC-PEPFAR consultative working session, to facilitate improved decision-making for development of the young generation. The event brought together participants from the civil society, development partners working on youth development issues, and the Data Collaborative for Local Impact (DCLI) projects’ partner institutions. Open Data Day, February 2016 - The Tanzania open data initiative team held an exhibition of the Open Data Portal (www.opendata.go.tz) at D-Lab grounds – College of ICT Kijitonyama on the of the International Open Data day. This was the first-time open data stakeholders in Tanzania joined together to showcase open data related activities. 40 Data Journalism Box needs a title Media and journalist have been invited to participate in various outreach and Open Data in a day events. “Teachers crisis” by the Citizen: Using open data, Furthermore a specific program for Data fellow to work journalists at the Citizen / Mwananchi newspapers with media houses, run in partnership with the Code for were able to show the impact of high teacher to pupil Tanzania, has been designed and schedule for roll out in ratios on student performance. They used that second half of 2017. analysis to identify a school with the highest ratio, and wrote an in-depth story on that school. The school, An Open Data Communications Workshop was which is in an isolated area, had only 2 teachers for organised on June 6, 2017 in collaboration with NBS for over 500 students. Two weeks following the communication experts in Open Data Initiative Task publication of the story, the school got another Force Member Institutions. The objectives of the teacher. workshop were: (i) to review communication products of the initiative—the first quarterly newsletter, and Medicine stocks by Sikika: Sikika is a Tanzanian brochure developed with World Bank Support, and (ii) to NGO working to improve health outcomes, with a train communications department’s personnel on how to particular focus on public finance management and prepare online quarterly newsletters and blog posts for health governance. They analysed open data, and the initiative in the future. The workshop was attended identified that some health institutions had run out of by participants from the National Bureau of Statistics, certain medicines. It took some convincing that the and the Tanzania Information Services Department of the data was genuine, despite the fact that it came from Ministry of Information, Culture, Arts and Sports. official sources, but with some efforts, the government reacted and the result was that more drugs were purchased for the health centres. Open Data Stakeholder Community Meetup To support sustainability of the Open Data ecosystem of Tanzania, together with the National Bureau of Statistics the World Bank is organizing an Open Data Stakeholder Meetup on Thursday 22nd June, 2017. The key goal of the session will be to bring together local partners to understand the contributions of stakeholders across the Open Data ecosystem, define needs and data gaps, and create collaborative partnerships. The Government of Tanzania will open the Mbeya Highlands Radio - Holding Local event, share with the community the government’s view Government Accountable on the future Open Data, and expects to hear from the participants what datasets are a priority for the Mbeya Highlands Radio used Open Data Portal for one community. of their news programs. They looked at datasets on the condition of water pumps and reported issues relating to regular maintenance of the pumps, using Service Providers evidence-based data journalism. Once the story was DAWASCO Citizen Feedback System reported, a widespread public acknowledgement of the problem was reached, and this compelled the Citizen feedback systems present an interesting case authorities to fix the problem. According to the radio whereby the data citizens themselves provide on station, although everyone obviously knew that their services can be used as open data. Citizen feedback pumps needed fixing, very few people were aware of systems rely on citizen reports to work: citizens submit the widespread nature of the problem. The news problems that they see in public services; service story’s use of open data, however, highlighted the providers do they best to tackle each problem and give wider problem and compelled citizens to urge the feedback to the users that have submitted it. government to improve public service delivery. 41 Many cities around the world have embraced the standard EquPoint - Improving Logistics with Open 31111 and make citizen reporting data open. This is designed to support data driven performance metrics, but Open Data Maps also to engender trust with citizens that issues are being tackled, and thus reinforced a virtuous circle of feedback EquPoint, a private logistics company, has utilized providers. the outcomes of the TODI to stimulate economic growth. EquPoint utilizes Open Street Map, In Dar es Salaam, DAWASCO, the water utility, has a strong developed for Dar es Salaam as part of TODI, to pressure to deliver good quality water services to a fast- serve as the geospatial foundation for their cargo- paced growing population. A citizen feedback system is tracking app. EquPoint uses this Open Street Map being put in place to help the company solve some of their data, paired with GPS and its proprietary algorithms, to allow companies to track where its trucks are and main struggles to improve quality of service. DAWASCO how fuel efficient they are in real time, providing a will have access to a system that: valuable source of efficiency data which will be eventually be translated into productivity gains for  structures the information about customer their customers. complaints;  allows them to follow-up on each issue, log actions taken to response, and provide feedback to customers;  have access to detailed & historical geographical information about problems in their service provision. In the case of DAWASCO, the entry point for opening its data was showing how that can be beneficial for solving a problem they face. The citizen feedback system brings a solution for existing problems. Open data comes as part of the solution; it is taken as part of the package. Main advantages of implementing citizen feedback systems and opening citizen feedback data:  citizen feedback systems are simultaneously open data providers and open data users. They can leverage on open datasets to provide relevant information to citizens (e.g. water drains, or geographical location of water pipes).  they enable social accountability over the quality of public services;  they can be used for improving planning of projects through historical data;  entry barriers are low, since data is frequently taken as non-official and non-confidential. 11 See: www.open311.org 42 Figure 7 Visualizations for DAWASCO of Citizen Feedback Data Lessons Learned Sokoine University - Increasing Data Literacy in Universities Capacity Building in data management and new tools – was originally designed as a contingent component that the The conclusions about data literacy discussed here government or an academic institution in Tanzania could were only contested by one group of sources during execute by delivering open data courses and skills. The idea research – the academic community. Researchers at the onset of SOGDAT was to transfer the data dive interviewed generally agreed with the stipulation curriculum and School of Data courses or other more that data literacy in Tanzania is low, and that this appropriate materials for local delivery in Kiswahili. has been a setback for the initiative. They added, however, that data literacy has been increasing in Although during the trainings, language was not an obvious recent years, specifically citing new university or significant barrier for the participants, it became so students at Sokoine as a population which has during the final two workshops, when the Tanzanian become significantly more data literate. This registered trainers were able to switch between the English observation suggests that increasing data literacy is and Kiswahili during discussions. Since trainings in this in fact a goal which will likely be accomplished program were based exclusively in Dar es Salaam and were among certain populations in Tanzania over time; predominantly delivered to national government officials. these populations could play a significant role in It is likely that English language training would have been future TODI outcomes if they are actively engaged. more of a barrier and sub-national level, where there is clear appetite to receive more training. 43 5. Management and Operations At the outset of the SOGDAT programme the World Bank team recognized the high transaction nature of SOGDAT activities – characterized by many small interactions and events aiming to sustain momentum and quick responsiveness across a range of government and projects partners -and the need for in-country presence of technical staff. The management of the activities is therefore largely conducted in country with the following updated team: Bella Bird, Country Director (overall portfolio responsibility) Governance team and OGP Development Policy Operation:  Chiara Bronchi, Lead Public Sector Specialist;  Denis Biseko, Senior Public Sector Specialist;  Verena Knippel, Senior Governance Specialist; Technical Specialists on Open Data policy, technology and strategy:  Edward Anderson, Senior ICT Policy Specialist and Urban Resilience  Roza Vasileva, ICT and Open Data Consultant  Mark Iliffe, Spatial Data Infrastructure and Geodata, Consultant  Andrew Stott, Senior Open Data Policy Consultant  Betty Talbert, Senior Statistician  Jean Barroca, Innovation and Citizen Feedback Systems Consultant  Rose Aiko, Open Data Consultant, Open Data Secretariat 44 Tanzanian Open Data Fellows:  Daud Fufuji, Emil Kimaryo, Deogratius Minja, Rashid Hussein, Beata Felix, Devotha Nkwabi, Samweli Tweza Mwakisambwe, Joachim Magilima. Trust fund management and supervision:  Elena Gasol Ramos, Open Data Privacy and Legal, Senior ICT Counsel  Boutheina Guermazi, Practice Manager for ICT The main operational issues that were confronted during the past year has been associated with the challenge of developing new relationships with the leadership of the 5th phase government of Tanzania, and to some degree the technical counterparts in line agencies. Counterparts within the core team of the Open Data Task Force have largely remained the same; whereas staff turn over in sectoral ministries has been greater. As a result, several key focal points have changed and trainings have had to be repeated. At a leadership level, there is an entirely new set of Permanent Secretaries and Ministers for the key line agencies, as well as shifting governmental priorities. The move away from Big Results Now (BRN) Presidential Delivery Bureau – which was in 2015 anticipated to be a key driver of Open Data in government and source of momentum through the government transition to 5th phase – has led to reduced demand for open data from leadership. That is not to imply that Open Data initiative has no role in the new administration; it is indeed expected that the priorities of industrialization, government modernization and efficiency as well as innovation that the current government maintains can be well supported by the open data initiative. The challenge rather has been that the ‘anchor programmes’ of the 4th phase – such as BRN and OGP - are no longer playing the same driving role. Furthermore, the deferral of the Bank’s Open Government and Value for Money Development Policy Operation, which anticipated several Open Data related policy actions, has also signalled a shift in priorities and concentration of government focus on a narrower set of goals and reforms. In part as a result of the reduced bandwidth of the new government for Open Data, we have observed a slow down in the policy development, consultation and revision process. The Task Force revised work plan maintained many of the key activities and deliverables, but was characterised by shifting deadlines rather than reduced scope, and many of the individual tasks have also slipped in their timetable. Anticipating the extended timelines for the Open Data Initiative work plan, the Bank had agreed with DfID to plan for a no-cost extension of SOGDAT until early 2018, with all commitments and activities taking place by end of 2017. Some communications and journalist related training resources have been held in reserve anticipating an update in demand once the policy is passed. A second factor influencing the program implementation has been the delayed launch of the Data Lab of Tanzania, which was funded by MCC-PEPFAR and expected to play a key role in hosting and nurturing data communities. The D-lab did indeed open under a ‘soft launch’ in 2016 and trainings have been hosted at the college of ICT site; however the facility is currently undergoing a refurbishment and is not expected to be fully functional until August 2017. As a result, demand side activities have been rather more fragmented than planned, and several partner agencies engaged. A few core training events have been delayed into late 2017. In conclusion therefore, we can see that whilst the execution of planned activities has occurred, albeit delayed, the key implementation challenge has been in reacting to the need for more fundamental shift in addressing government’s changing leadership and emerging priorities; a deeper effort to update key messages and assert updated value proposition for open data in Tanzania. 45 Financial utilization An updated cost table reflecting the extended timeline, including subcomponents is provided in Annex. This section provides for the summary costs and commitments to-date by work stream. It should also be noted that the World Bank accounting period is from July 1st to June 30th such that the forecast for Fiscal Year 17 is for July 1st 2016 – June 30th 2017. Funds are held and accounted in US Dollars and therefore subject to currency fluctuations when compared against the original UK Aid transfers in Pounds Sterling. Some actual costs accrued in previous years are therefore slightly different to the prior report estimates as those included actuals and commitment values and estimated exchange rates. At the signature of the SOGDAT agreement in 2014 the GBP 3 million programme equivalent to US$5million. However exchange rate fluctuations – particularly since mid 2016 - have reflected a generally weakening pound against the dollar; during the first annual report, the cost table reflected a programme value of $4.6million, and for the second progress report the figure was $4.2 million. The table below shows actual spend in the first two years and provides a combined estimate of actual costs and commitments for the third year. Commitments represent the contracts in place to firms or individuals for specific deliverables – this does not include expenses such as planned workshop events, travel costs or staff time which may be expected before June 30th. Following the non-funded extension of SOGDAT, the end date of several committed activities was also extended, therefore a portion of year three funding (represented by FY17) will have deliverables in late 2017. Unallocated funding, currently is estimated at $135,000, represents the available resources for ongoing supervision, events expenses and monitoring and evaluation by staff for final reporting, expected by March 2018. Actuals + Component Actuals Actuals Forecast Forecast Total to Committed Activity FY15 FY16 FY 17 FY18 date FY17 Policy and legal $100,000 $56,000 $84,000 $69,000 $0 $240,000 Framework Open Data $750,000 $820,000 $850,000 $818,000 $25,000 $2,445,000 Supply Data Demand and $110,000 $150,000 $500,000 $323,000 $40,000 $800,000 Applications Research and $0 $0 $90,000 $48,000 $20,000 Evaluation Project $210,000 $120,000 $125,000 $120,000 $50,000 $505,000 management Totals $1,170,000 $1,146,000 $1,649,000 $1,378,000 $135,000 $4,100,000 The first year under run reflected a late start to data releases and demand side activities. During the first year of SOGDAT, the annual report identified the impact of a 6 month delay in the issuance of the Chief Secretary's which had knock on consequences for the delay in preparing datasets and the portal. The Second year was expected to overrun its forecast as part of a catch-up, however it also slightly underran. In FY16, the work plan picked up pace, however several workshops and events were delayed into FY17 as a result partly of elections and also in order to align with extended deadlines for the government’s own work plan on open data. 46 As a result, the third year has seen increased activity. This is due to a bunching of payments that were expected in the previous year but delayed, and finalisation of commitments, especially in demand side activities and research. Capacity Build Grants have been replaced with increased Open Data Supply activities as well as Research and Evaluation – in view of the Data Collaborative programme of MCC-PEPFAR which launched the Data Lab it was agreed at the year two evaluation of SOGDAT to reallocate capacity building resources towards increased Data Supply and research and Evaluation. Leveraging of Resources The mainstreaming of good data practices and use of newly opened data in Tanzania has necessitated a partnership approach across multiple actors and sectors. Sustainability too has been predicated on ensuring ongoing programmes perceive open data and a core part of their own day-to-day agenda. As such SOGDAT sought to leverage its resources and activities both within the Bank’s portfolio of operations as well as with external partners. Key Bank operations have been in Health, Education, Water, Statistical Capacity Building, Governance, and Local Government Development. These activities represented a portfolio of over US$1 billion in investments. In general SOGDAT supported the training of key civil servants within these agencies, demonstrated the use of dashboards for services delivery and sensitized policy makers to the benefits of open and accessible data. Furthermore, specific technical assistance activities of the Bank have been supported to embrace open data principles in more targeted forms. In 2016/2017 these were the Urban Flood Risk Atlas (Ramani Huria) and the new Urban Resilience Program, Zanzibar Mapping Initiative, Smart Water Meters, Citizen Feedback for DAWASCO Services, Media and Statistics support, Cycle Mapping study, and Stonetown Cultural Heritage mapping. These activities in 2016/2017 disbursed in excess of $2million on data collection, sharing and use. External to the Bank’s programmes have been a plethora of civil society and development partner collaborations. Important partnerships have been reached with Open Data Institute, Open Knowledge International, School of Data, Code for Tanzania, Tanzania Media Fund, Twaweza, Sahara Sparks, UDSM and MCC-PEPFAR. The MCC-PEPFAR Data Collaboratives for Local Impact is noteworthy for its decision to engage in Tanzania based in part on the existence of SOGDAT. This is a four year $21.8 million program covering a select number of countries in sub-saharan Africa12. So far the Data Collaboratives program has launched in Tanzania the Data Lab (d-Lab), Data for Local Impact Innovation Challenge, and the Data Zetu (Our Data) project – in excess of $9million. The size of these initiatives has led to a redesign of SOGDAT and a positioning of the d-Lab as the anticipated home for School of Data trainings and outreach. Many of the skills developed and trainees of SOGDAT are also key members of Data Zetu and have gone on to become trainers themselves of deploy their data skills in specific community engagements. The Bank team also wishes to thank the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) for the two-year secondment of a Senior Governance Specialist, which was extended by six months in 2017, to support the SOGDAT programme. 12 See: https://www.mcc.gov/initiatives/initiative/mcc-pepfar-partnership 47 6. Conclusions The chapters of this report provide for a narrative on activities and key lessons learned during the year relevant to each work stream. After three years of SOGDAT support we can also draw some broader conclusions on the results and challenges so far. Tanzania remains at an early stage in its open data maturity. It may be premature to expect evidence of outcomes in transparency and accountability benefits of open data. This theory of change is for a mature ecosystem in advanced economies and may require more time to establish itself. Key program drivers have changed, both over time, and with the new government. Open Data in Tanzania began with models of impact which supported OGP commitments of transparency, and explicit links to the service delivery agenda of Big Results Now. Although linkages to the modernization, cost efficiency and job creation agenda were highlighted, and formed key parts of the African Open Data Conference, there remained a gap in institutional alignment of Open Data for Open Government. This is evidenced by the lack of inclusion of new agencies focussed on skills, innovation or jobs – such as COSTECH or ICT Commission - in the Open Data Task force. There is evidence of impacts on data quality improvements, and government savings. Benefits in terms of time saved and costs avoided resulting from reduced duplication, better sharing, and greater investment in data curation. When government officials are aware that their data will be shared publicly, they will put more effort to ensure data quality. An increased appreciation and demand for accurate data has been observed within government. 48 Possibly because of data-driven tools and up-to-date maps, one of the key benefits of support to the government is appreciation of data in the government. Midlevel civil servants realize benefits of using data in their every day business. Conversations around data have changed. At a recent communications workshop, one of the directors from NBS noted on open data: “We produce a lot of data. Unless it’s used, it’s meaningless.” COSTECH has launched an Evidence Based Policy making program in Zanzibar and mainland, inspired in part by the availability and potential of new data sources such as drone surveys in combination with open government data. There currently exists high demand for results monitoring and visualization of national development and Sustainable Development Goals as well as at local levels. NBS and several development partners have expressed desire to focus open data support on SDGs, emulating trends across many countries internationally. As such OGP momentum appears to be shifting toward the SDG agenda and local data. Popular datasets have even more value when packaged with ancillary data. The popularity of such data releases - as measured through data reuse and development of applications and services - is contingent on the ability to remix such data and develop a value- added digital production chain. Ancillary data sources are therefore extremely important as added value either as a direct addition to a dataset, or as a cross reference for purposes of data quality control and validation. Data Dives remain an important mechanism to build skills but are insufficient to change culture. Managers and policy makers need to also be integrated into the training process and this can be hard to achieve without high level government leadership. Development of high quality local trainers has been key to building capacity and reach. The five locally certified ODI Registered Trainers and one ODI Learning Associate so far delivered trainings to over 400 participants. The early focus on specific, important, sectors has helped ensure a supply of data that civil society can use. Education and health are important to everybody, and data on these areas has been repeatedly picked up by civil society organisations already active in these sectors and by data journalists. Priority should be placed to identify and promote datasets a foundational role across sectors. Standardised administrative boundaries, population distributions, facility unique identifiers, local maps, are all key public goods which should have one high quality official version standardised across sectors. The value proposition of Open Data in Tanzania should be reframed and communicated for the priorities of the new administration. That is not to say that activities as designed are ill-suited, but rather the communications and perception of stakeholders should expand to include greater focus on jobs, revenue, growth and modernization agendas. 49 50 Annexes 1. Datasets available at opendata.go.tz table 2. Datasets requested through the Open Data Portal 3. List of Open Data Training Participants 4. Output Table 5. SOGDAT Cost Table 6. Joint Work Plan: World Bank and Open Data Task Force 7. Additional Resources and Links: Third OGP National Action Plan Tanzania Open Data Portal, Dashboards Africa Open Data Conference Report Open Data Online Learning Platform ‘New open data trainers will help Tanzania to achieve Sustainable Development Goals’ Blog on open data training in Tanzania Blog on peer learning through a visit to London on better engagement with civil society Blog on Africa Online (Tanzania registered trainer quoted) 51