THE 71459 WorldBank IN INDIA VOL 10 / NO 6 MAY 2012 INSIDE World Bank supported Mumbai Urban Transport Over a 100,000 people were Project 1-5 World Bank Group President Robert B. Zoellick resettled under the Mumbai visits India 6-8 Development Dialogue: Urban Transport Project Partnership on Corporate Social Responsibility 9-11 ICR Update: Karnataka K nown for its economic dynamism, traffic jams and vast slums, Mumbai, India’s financial capital, is home to some 20 million people. Affordable housing is a challenge, pushing poor migrants to Watershed Development Project 12-14 settle in slums. Seven million people live in 3,000 slums across the city, Recent Project Approvals encroaching public lands. These slums often obstruct vital infrastructure & Signings 15-17 such as roads, airports, storm-water drains, stations, markets, etc. New Additions to the Public In 2002, the Government of Maharashtra and the World Bank began Information Center 18-27 implementing the Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP, $555 million) Contact Information 28 to improve transport services in the city. Public transport is the lifeline About the photograph: Resettled colonies as part of the of Mumbai: every day over 6 million commuters use the suburban Mumbai Urban Transport Project rail services while the buses carry another 4.5 million, with Mumbai’s western suburban rail corridor carrying the occupying prime public and private lands highest passenger traffic in the world. The beside key east-west roads. The homes to project aimed to increase the speed and be relocated were equally varied: there were length of suburban trains and widen east- legal homeowners living in multi-storey west roads to ease congestion and improve buildings, ‘pagdi’ holders1 who claimed connectivity. It also aimed to modernize ownership, tenants and lessees, as well as traffic management and planning to enable squatters without formal title. Businesses the smoother flow of traffic and improve similarly ranged from petty vendors to well- safety. Several project activities required established shops, plus a whole host of large-scale resettlement of families, manufacturing and service activities, such as commercial establishments, public facilities, recycling units, factories, warehouses, auto as well as cultural and religious structures. repair workshops, fuel stations, restaurants, nurseries, and dairy farms. Almost ninety- Resettling large numbers of people five percent of these households and businesses did not have legal title. If this The complexity of the resettlement challenge were not enough, the project required was evidenced by its sheer size: about relocation of a host of utilities including 100,000 people had to be relocated—over— underground water and electricity pipelines, 17,500 residential households, some 1,800 telephone cables, drains, and a few large shops, more than 100 community and transmission towers, each requiring the cultural properties including temples, relocation of hundreds of people. mosques, ‘madrasas’, Buddhist and Sikh shrines, churches, as well as a site Complex networks along caste, designated as a Jewish cemetery. There religious and regional lines were also a number of community and child welfare centres and dozens of public toilet Successive waves of migrants had settled blocks. There were decades-old slums on in distinct groups along caste, religious and railway lands, some sprawling precariously regional lines, sharing living space, basic close to the railway tracks, and settlements amenities, and places of worship, despite Bottom: About 1,00,000 1 Under Mumbai’s ’pagdi’ system, properties are purchased by tenants at lower-than-market prices but legal people were ownership remains with the landlords. Tenants must contribute towards the upkeep of the property and pay a monthly resettled under rent - mostly just nominal sums. In return, they are protected from arbitrary evictions and exorbitant rents. If tenants the Project want to sell the properties, they must share the profits with the owner. 12 2 The World Bank in India • May 2012 marked diversities of incomes, age, and Finding resources for large-scale aspirations. The people in each slum cluster had their own leaders and political affiliations R&R that they hoped would protect them from Resettling over 100,000 people required eviction. Both slum residents and finding several resettlement sites in land- shopkeepers were organized and vocal. scarce Mumbai as well as mobilizing the huge financial resources needed to construct Moving people from horizontal to vertical new townships. Free housing and shops of settlements: Relocating people from 225 sq. ft. each were to be provided to all horizontal settlements to high-rise buildings posed additional challenges. People those who had lost land and assets, accustomed to living in close communities in including to land owners and tenants, as mixed-use neighbourhoods which offered well as to squatters, in accordance with the both housing and informal job opportunities Government of Maharashtra’s R&R Policy for were to be shifted into multi-storey buildings the Project. Affected shopkeepers and in homogenous resettlement townships landowners were also allowed to buy away from their places of work. They would additional floor area up to 525 sq. ft in have to live as members of registered proportion to their loss. housing societies and pay for all basic Given the scale and complexity of the services such as water and electricity, in resettlement process, several preparatory addition to paying property taxes, as well as measures were taken. These included fees for the maintenance of their buildings. consultations with the affected people, They would also have to manage their studies to understand the project’s impacts surroundings including internal roads, drains, as well as steps to address the social and and common lighting facilities – not an easy economic needs of the affected people, the task for low-income slum households. drawing up of resettlement action plans, and Moreover, religious and community establishing the mechanisms and capacity structures could not be resettled in high-rise for implementation. buildings and required alternative sites for their re-establishment. Relocating multi- Private developers were given storey residential buildings was even more incentives to construct resettlement contentious, for the residents, who had legal sites titles, would not move unless they were first provided with comparable housing at similar Recognizing the need for huge financial locations. An even bigger challenge was resources to build the resettlement sites, the relocating large businesses that earned good state government encouraged private incomes beside major roads and railway participation by offering additional ‘transfer stations, given their justified fears of losing of development rights’ (TDR) or ‘floor space business if they moved. index’ (FSI) to private developers willing to 3 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 Maharashtra and the World Bank then prepared a remedial action plan. The MMRDA then broke the ice by proactively holding consultations to discuss resettlement options with resident and shopkeeper associations, and the managing committees of religious structures. During these consultations, which were documented, MMRDA explored alternative resettlement solutions, often going beyond the scope of the R&R policy. After these negotiations, the shopkeepers made way for road works to be carried out. Similarly, some 360 shopkeepers and landowners affected by the JVLR were offered alternative space at resettle slum dwellers at their own cost. the upmarket Powai Shopping Plaza. Landowners in the affected areas were also The government’s willingness to remove offered TDR or additional floor space in lieu bottlenecks by modifying its policy and of cash compensation for the land they had procedures to accommodate people’s needs lost; they could utilize these to build and demands played a key role in the properties elsewhere. Private interest in success of the relocation. resettlement increased as the developers learnt to convert TDR/FSI into profitable While NGOs provided crucial support to investments in the Mumbai real estate market. the newly relocated people, inadequate maintenance of common facilities such as Resettlement options were open spaces, lighting, lifts, internal roads negotiated and drainage posed a challenge. R&R activities hit roadblocks when it came Recognizing the need for good management to resettling households and commercial of resettlement sites, MMRDA prepared a establishments affected by the widening of post-resettlement support strategy. Society the two major east-west road corridors, the management offices, day-care centres, and Santa Cruz Link Road (SCLR) and the women’s centres were provided in all the Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road (JVLR). resettlement colonies, while common Unlike the people living along the railway facilities such as schools, flour mills, tracks who were waiting to be rescued from community halls, and health centres were their harsh living conditions, those affected provided according to the assessed needs of by road construction were a heterogeneous the community. Estate officers were group that included landowners, lease appointed to carry out building repairs and holders, large commercial units, and monitor maintenance. religious structures. Tied to their locations Livelihood opportunities for with established incomes and social networks, they resisted relocation with all women their might, and especially resented being A livelihood cell was set up to promote equated with slum dwellers. The people income-generating activities for women at affected by the project complained to the all the resettlement sites. A women’s World Bank’s Inspection Panel, questioning industrial cooperative called SANKALP was the adequacy of R&R options for formed to undertake a range of economic shopkeepers, the suitability and quality of activities including supplying office resettlement sites, the quality of information stationery, selling vegetables and providing disclosure and consultation, and the catering and housekeeping services. grievance redressal processes. The Inspection Panel took up the case and issued a report To ensure safe neighborhoods, some women in December 2005; the Government of have formed community police groups, with 12 4 The World Bank in India • May 2012 NGO support. The 11-member community Schools for children police committees have seven women members, all of whom have been issued ID At large resettlement colonies such as cards by the police department as ‘social Mankhurd and Anik, additional primary police officers’. They focus on the schools were established, and a secondary resolution of domestic violence, marital school was built at Mankhurd. MMRDA also conflicts, and financial disputes among the provided the infrastructure for one private resettled people, especially when women school at Mankhurd and two private schools are affected. at Anik that are managed by charities. Impact ● A total of about 100,000 people additional income for their families (including 17,566 residences and and contribute towards the education 1,782 shops) were resettled, including of their children, creating a positive both legal owners and squatters. impact on other poor women in the Squatters will gain formal title to their resettlement colonies (Resettlement new homes and shops once they have Impact Study). retained these properties for ten years ● The women’s community police groups (to prevent them from selling them have played a key role in rebuilding right after relocation). lost social capital and in resolving ● 95 percent of the cooperative housing conflicts and differences in the societies have been registered, and resettlement buildings and colonies. their members have been trained to According to the Resettlement Impact responsibly manage their own affairs. Study, the resettled women have also ● The independent Resettlement Impact expressed greater satisfaction with Assessment study (TISS, 2008) their new homes compared to the showed that the provision of formal men, because of their greater sense housing to resettled families has of privacy, safety and security. significantly empowered them. Their ● Some 9,500 resettled children have social status has risen, they feel a benefitted from the 39 schools and greater sense of security in their new education centers in and around the homes, and their employability and rehabilitation sites. These schools are creditworthiness has improved - all run by the government’s primary factors that have helped to integrate education program, the Sarva Shiksha them into the formal economy. Abhiyan, as well as by charitable ● Women have benefitted from a variety organizations. of new livelihood opportunities at the ● Consultations carried out by MMRDA resettlement sites. Their sphere of with the project-affected people activity has expanded beyond the resulted in fewer complaints. Over resettlement colonies with catering 3,700 cases were resolved by the services and corporate canteens now field-level grievance redressal being run in different parts of the city. committee. The 2007-08 R&R Impact Within two years, the group’s Assessment Study recorded people’s cumulative turnover exceeded Rs.1 high appreciation of the role of the crore (about $200,000). grievance redressal mechanism. The ● Some 10,000 women living in different fact that only about 50 court cases resettlement colonies enrolled in were filed by people who were not micro-credit activities through self- satisfied with the resettlement options help groups formed by NGOs. This provided bears testimony to the enabled the women to generate success of the approach adopted. 5 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 ‘Without nature and environment we cannot exist’ World Bank Group President Robert B. Zoellick visits India Odisha is home to Asia’s second-largest ecosystem of mangroves and some of the richest biodiversity in the world. S ashikala Rout describes her old life as being like ‘a frog stuck in a well’ with no way out. But a self help group, supported by “The most important asset of Odisha are the people of Odisha,” Zoellick later told a press conference. “For these people, they’re small the World Bank, has helped poor women in amounts, but it made a difference for them. her village, like her, not only gain skills and These are people who have enormous financing but also given them a voice in their potential. They’re hardworking people. They communities. just want a chance to be able to do more for their families, their state, and for India.” Puspalata Nayak agrees. “It’s given me the strength to speak out. Standing here Odisha, one of India’s coastal states, is rich speaking to you – before I would have been in a variety of natural resources including too afraid,” the 29-year-old mother of two minerals, forests, lakes and rivers. But while explains. “The poor have been given a Odisha has seen unprecedented economic chance to raise their voices.” growth over the past decade, it remains one of India’s poorest states. World Bank Group President Robert B. Zoellick visited the area to see how the During the visit, Zoellick admired the arts Bank’s Odisha Rural Livelihoods Project is and crafts, from ornate basket weaving to improving the lives of rural women. He also delicate hand-embroidered linens, being saw how the Bank’s Integrated Coastal Zone created by self-help-groups from extremely Management Project is working to safeguard poor and vulnerable households. The Bank’s Asia’s second largest eco-system of $82.4 million Odisha Rural Livelihoods mangroves, known to be the most diverse Project currently reaches 990 villages and in the world. over 300,000 households in the state. 12 6 The World Bank in India • May 2012 The project has given the women the era of climate change. Their rich eco-systems confidence to take on the deeply entrenched attract hundreds of thousands of endangered gender biases of an age-old patriarchal Olive Ridley sea turtles that come to nest on society. With the power of the group behind Odisha’s beaches each year. And, the tidal them, the women are now fighting the evils of channels are home to the threatened estuarine dowry and child marriage, as well as of crocodiles and the rare Irrawaddy dolphin. indiscriminate alcohol consumption by their But half the region’s mangroves have been men, which frequently squanders a family’s felled to clear the land for agriculture and meager earnings, leaving little for buying food shrimp farming. The magnificent turtles, or to pay for the education of the children. President visits mangrove tributaries Zoellick also had a chance to visit by boat the mangrove ecosystem on which the villagers are dependent. The old wooden barge putt-putted through the channel sided by mangroves dipping their branches into the choppy waves. Women in brightly colored saris of pink, orange and purple pumped water and did their daily chores outside Below: thatched huts lined along the banks. World Bank Group The mangroves historically have sustained President Robert B. an array of aquatic life, while their roots Zoellick took a provide safe nursery and spawning grounds boat ride to see for a variety of fish and shell fish. They also the mangrove protect the coast from erosion, act as a ecosystem on which villagers bulwark against storms and cyclones, and are dependent help in storing carbon, a critical service in an 7 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 becoming managers of natural resources, so they help preserve and protect them at the same time they expand their overall livelihoods,” Zoellick said. Across India, the project is working in three coastal states – Gujarat, Odisha and West Bengal – to build knowledge and institutional capacities for the management of coasts. The project seeks to benefit 1.1 million people directly and an even larger number living in low-lying coastal areas indirectly. It also seeks to understand, for the first time, the reasons for rapid coastal erosion and to devise plans for long-term conservation. Fisherman crocodiles and dolphins are falling prey to The $221 million project is the Bank’s largest Olak Nayak indiscriminate fishing, pollution and invasive in the Blue Agenda and is based on the throws his net tourism. And, sea water is eating away at the ICZM concept mooted at the Earth Summit in Gupti village, Odisha. coastline - devouring 10 to 40 meters a year in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Fishermen in some areas. have seen their “Without nature and the environment, we incomes fall Communities given a strong stake cannot exist,” villager Omprakash Barik told due to dwindling fish in the conservation of flora and Zoellick during his visit to Odisha. “With a healthy environment, we can prosper.” stocks and are fauna now being helped to earn Fishermen who have seen their incomes fall good incomes due to dwindling fish stocks are now being while restoring helped by the Bank’s Integrated Coastal the area’s fragile habitats. Zone Management Project (ICZM) to form eco-development committees that enable them earn good incomes while restoring the area’s fragile habitats. “This is a good example where we’re trying to work with the communities to move beyond being users of natural resources to A family outside their mud home on the eroding banks of the river at Bhitarkanika National Park. The sea is eroding the coastline at a rate of 10 to 40 meters per year in some areas. Mangroves help protect the coastline from erosion. 8 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 Partnership on CSR Corporate Social Responsibility: An exercise with a conscience “Community is not just one more stakeholder, enterprises spend about $700 million but the very purpose of business.” annually on CSR activities. However, there – Jamshedji Tata, founder of the Tata is a need for these massive amounts of Group, India’s oldest and largest business funds to be allocated judiciously towards conglomerate. social inclusion and the development needs of the country. T hese famous words, reiterated almost 75 years later at a recent symposium on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in The World Bank will be working closely with the government of India to help the Mumbai, ring just as true. The symposium CSR community gain greater access to was held to launch a long-term engagement international best practices and knowledge, between the government of India, the World facilitate policy dialogue among different Bank, and Harvard Business School (HBS) to stakeholders, and build capacity to better spread the message of CSR across Indian utilize financial resources. industry. Top leaders from government and industry shared their views and experiences Union Minister for Heavy Industries Praful at the daylong event. Patel said that while a lot of CSR initiatives were under way in the country, the public CSR is no longer a mere buzzword; today, its and private sectors needed to pool their mantra of giving back to society is finding resources and undertake larger projects to many takers among public and private- make a visible impact on the community sector enterprises. The CSR spending of they are working with. The minister hoped companies in India for the year 2009-10 was the Mumbai symposium would trigger a $7.5 billion. What’s more, public-sector long-term partnership to help public- and 9 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 about the potential of such a tripartite partnership. “We can take good CSR models that are working in the country today and create a forum where they can be shared. Between HBS and the World Bank we can create best practices, share through education forums, and probe in a much deeper way. This cross-pollination will work very well under a partnership of HBS and the Bank,” he suggested. Bhaskar Chatterjee, director general of the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), however, warned that knowledge sharing was not all about sharing of successes alone. private-sector companies build capacity for “In such meetings companies should also CSR work. dwell on the lessons learnt and what went wrong. If people spoke of those failures, Agreeing with the minister, Ashok Kumar we’d learn far more,” he said. Pavadia, joint secretary of public sector enterprises, said, “We hope our partnership Rangan agreed. “We need to understand with the World Bank and HBS will help us the issues and problems. The hard part is share knowledge and learn from what’s capacity building. We need more discussion happening in the field of CSR.” He said the on how to develop skills. Thus, knowing government was finalizing guidelines for what’s worked and what hasn’t is very CSR for public-sector enterprises. “The important,” he said. thrust of the guidelines will be on inclusive growth, sustainable development, and Zagha drew attention to the need to focus capacity building, with due attention to the on issues of norms, values, and ethics, while socioeconomic needs of the marginalized emphasizing the criticality of collaboration. society. These are key issues of concern for “The 2008 economic crisis showed us that any developing country,” he added. regulations could not do their job where ethics could have played a better role. The Kasturi Rangan of HBS was very enthusiastic larger ecosystem of ethics, norms, and Praful Patel, India’s Minister for Heavy Industries and World Bank Country Director in India, Roberto Zagha, at a recent event on Corporate Social Responsibility 10 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 Speaking on behalf of the Tata group, one of the pioneers of corporate social responsibility in India, Managing Director Kishor Chaukar said companies should make CSR a strategic business exercise rather than mere philanthropy. “We need a mindset change. CSR is not a cost but an investment. We need to stay there for the long run and can’t be fly-by-night operators,” he said. Other industry leaders at the event included Nadir Godrej, managing director, Godrej Industries Ltd; Rajashree Birla, chairperson, Center for Community Initiatives and Rural Development, Aditya Birla Management Public and values needed to come to play. Therefore, Corporation Ltd; Ranjit Sahani, country private sectors we need the voice of the community, civil head, Novartis; and Onne van der Weijde, need to pool society, and even the government so that managing director, Ambuja Cement. their resources to make a CSR is not just an exercise, but an exercise with a conscience,” he said. Participants emphasized that the public visible impact in their and private sectors needed to leave their communities, Issues of accountability, lack of capacity, differences aside and come together to Minister Praful need for convergence, and sharing were make a meaningful impact. Pavadia hoped Patel said at expressed across the board. the budding partnership between the the Symposium government, World Bank, and HBS would “The past two decades has seen great play a major role here. “We are in dialogue economic growth, but India is among the with the World Bank and HBS to harmonize three countries where the hunger index has the two and hope the partnership develops gone up. We have huge resources allocated to provide long-term strategy for effective to the public sector for CSR. So where is CSR in India,” he said. the accountability? Today public and private sectors may be working on the same issues, HBS Dean Nitin Nohria concluded: “We need but separately. How can we converge and a solution mentality. The public and private partner?” asked Anu Agha of Thermax. sector can work together.” 12 The World Bank in India • May 2012 11 ICR Update T his is a short summary of the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) of a recently- closed World Bank project. The full text of the ICR is available on the Bank’s website. To access this document, go to www.worldbank.org/reference/ and then opt for the Documents & Reports section. Karnataka Watershed Development Project Context Karnataka Watershed Development The Karnataka Watershed Development Project (KWDP) Project (KWDP), locally known as the ‘Sujala’ Approval Date: 21 June, 2001 Project, was designed to address concerns Closing Date: 31 March, 2009 related to rural poverty and agriculture growth, and declining agricultural productivity. Total Project Cost: US$M 107.88 Project development objectives Bank Financing: US$M 85.80 The key development objective was to Implementing Watershed Development Agency: Department, improve the productive potential of selected Government of Karnataka watersheds and their associated natural Outcome: Satisfactory resource base, and strengthen community and institutional arrangements for natural Risk to Development resource management. An associated Outcome: Moderate objective was to strengthen the capacity of Overall Bank communities in the project districts for Performance: Satisfactory participatory involvement in planning, Overall Borrower implementation, social and environmental Performance: Satisfactory management, maintenance of assets emanating from local level development program, and to have the implementing inclusive manner, with the framework of a department operate in a more socially convergent watershed development plan. 12 The World Bank in India • May 2012 The Project was implemented through four agriculture districts. An estimated 350,000 components: families (approximately 1.8 million people) Participatory Watershed Development were to benefit directly from increased and Protection. This component included: agricultural productivity and diversification of land uses across a geographic area of ❍ social mobilization, institution building, 518,000 ha. Attention to women’s development and developing micro-watershed plans; was to be through increased availability of ❍ physical soil and water conservation fodder, fuel, wood and water and special treatment of sub-watersheds (arable Income Generating Activity (IGA) schemes. and non-arable lands), and An estimated 25,000 landless families were ❍ entry-point investments to help to benefit from increased labor demands for communities learn to make collective construction of civil works for soil and water development decisions. conservation, subsequent intensification of agriculture, and from IGA programs. Farming System Intensification. This component finances: Achievements ❍ participatory farmer-driven research Some 268,000 ha of land received soil and and extension; water conservation treatments, or 72 percent ❍ farm demonstrations, and farmer training of the land available for treatment. From a for introduction of improved practices physical watershed development perspective, for agriculture and horticulture; this was a very solid achievement. While ❍ for livestock: silvi-pastoral treatments, results on arable lands are very successful, demonstrations, extension improvement, achievements were more limited on non-arable private participation in artificial lands, including State Reserved Forests, and insemination and veterinary services, common property areas. The area dedicated and capacity building; and to horticulture reached around 54,000 ha, or ❍ forestry-related institution and capacity 80 percent above the original target. building. The bulk of soil and water conservation Income Generation Activities. The treatments (an estimated 254,000 ha versus Project financed: target of 304,000 ha) were on private lands. M&E data, augmented by data from local ❍ Non-Government Organization (NGO) International Crops Research Institute for the support for the formation of beneficiary Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) monitoring groups, with a focus on linking up with stations, suggest the Project had a positive the governments’ on-going schemes, impact on the productive potential of disseminating information on marketing watersheds and their natural resource base, and credit opportunities, and subsequent including groundwater, reduced surface training of members; runoff, and soil erosion. For example, at ❍ provide equipment and materials for selected borewells in the three main agro- demonstrations; and ecological zones, increases in ground water ❍ support study tours for group members. levels by 50 feet (ft), 61 ft and 90 ft were Institutional Strengthening. The Project observed respectively. Sample surveys for financed: Phases I and II indicate that both crop yields and cropping intensity in rainfed areas ❍ Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E), which increased significantly and were accompanied included additional environmental and by a move towards higher value annual and social assessments, and development permanent crops (especially horticultural). of a Geographic Information System (GIS) database through the Karnataka Average crop yields increased by 24 percent Remote Sensing Applications Center in Phase I and 26 percent in Phase II. The (KRSAC); and percentage of irrigated area increased ❍ Project Management and Coordination. between 6 percent and 14 percent across project sites, along with a marginal reduction Project beneficiaries in the dependency on fodder and fuel wood The Project was taken up in five arid rain-fed from common lands. For Phase II, the project 12 The World Bank in India • May 2012 13 resulted in average increases in milk yields projects benefit from a phased approach. of around 20 percent over control groups. This allows for adequate testing of methodologies for community participation Overall, the Project also achieved considerable relevant to particular eco-regions and results in participatory planning and existing institutional capabilities, and implementing land and water measures by building the capacities of local agencies establishing 742 community based Sujala needed for implementation. Watershed Societies (SWSs) and 4,394 Area Groups (AGs). 6. While the project was highly inclusive, a majority of the benefits in terms of All classes of beneficiaries had incremental investment flows went to the larger increases in income. Overall, the Project landowners. This inherent bias in watershed improved the lives of 230,000 direct management of having to work with beneficiaries, including 193,000 landholders landowners who can afford contributions and 40,000 landless, the latter through farm can be mitigated through a structured set labor, Self Help Groups (SHGs) and IGA. The of measures, which go beyond SHGs have also built up around US$5 million geographical targeting, such as changing in savings, with the power to borrow four beneficiary contributions to favor smaller times these savings levels from commercial and marginal farmers, and introducing an banks. The number of households rising IGA component with a revolving fund to above the poverty threshold is perhaps in target vulnerable groups such as landless. the order of 50,000 or more, at least on a temporary basis. 7. Comprehensive hydrological and soil loss assessments need to be incorporated into Lessons learnt the project design and implemented early. 1. Participatory watershed planning and Effective monitoring is necessary to implementation requires flexibility in capture key environmental upstream and treatment options. A balance is needed downstream effects of watershed between community desires for soil and treatments on water budgets, but it must water conservation investments, and begin early and be sustained. technically effective and rational treatments. 8. An independent and credible partner M&E 2. Watershed management projects need to institution can complement M&E functions be focused around water. New projects in the implementing agency and provide need to be framed around basin or sub- major contributions to project success. basin hydrology and land-use modeling This becomes even more important if the and analyses that will set the context for M&E capability in the implementing agency local soil and water management plans. is limited. The development of mechanisms Future projects should also consider to ensure feedback into project management groundwater management as an integral and enable proper reflection on project component. design can yield substantial results towards achieving project objectives. 3. Targets for land treatments should be realistic, regularly reviewed and formally 9. The Project duration needs to account for documented. It was unrealistic to base post-intervention support and monitoring. project targets on achieving 100 percent The project showed a strong need to coverage of treatable lands. ensure that IGAs and SHGs get adequate follow-up advice and linkage building to 4. Adequate time and resources should be achieve longer term sustainability. allocated to develop project implementation capabilities for participatory watershed 10.Direct gender targeting can have positive development. Watershed development effects in participatory watershed projects are complex, especially when development. Project experience combined with rural livelihood and suggested that quotas for females in local development activities. leadership positions can have a positive impact on the functioning of community- 5. Participatory watershed development based watershed institutions. 14 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 Recent Project Approvals Secondary Education Project The Project, which is designed to meet critical needs in secondary education, will benefit T he World Bank has approved a US$ 500 million credit to the Secondary Education Project to finance the Government of India’s nearly 35 million students annually by 2015. It will support all activities as envisioned in efforts to make good quality education the US$ 12.9 billion Rashtriya Madhyamik available, accessible and affordable to all Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) program, a flagship young persons at the secondary level (grades Government of India program for gradual IX and X). universalization of secondary education. The focus will be to first make sure that secondary education expands in such a way that quality and equity are enhanced at the same time; second, to develop and evaluate innovative approaches to secondary education; and, third, to leverage World Bank resources to help the Government address systemic issues in the sector. The Project will be financed by a credit from the International Development Association (IDA) – the World Bank’s concessionary lending arm – which provides interest-free loans with 25 years to maturity and a grace period of five years. Assam State Roads Project direct employment of about 20 million person days which is equivalent to 10,000 full-time T he World Bank has approved a US$ 320 million loan to the Assam State Roads Project to improve and effectively manage jobs for the six-year duration of the Project. The focus is on improving 500 km of priority its state road network. sections of the state highways; modernizing the Public Works Roads Department (PWRD) The Project will benefit some 4.5 million and enhancing its performance; and on road small and marginal farmers and provide safety management. New technologies for promoting cost effective, modern, climate resilient, and environment friendly road construction works will be demonstrated under the Project. The loan, from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), has a maturity of 18 years including a grace period of 5 years. 12 The World Bank in India • May 2012 15 Recent Project Signings National Dairy Support Project will support long-term investments in animal breeding, extensive training of dairy farmers T he Government of India and the World Bank have signed an agreement for an IDA credit of US$ 352 million for the National and doorstep delivery of Artificial Insemination and ration balancing advisory services. The latter will advice on balancing animal feed Dairy Support Project to increase productivity and nutrition which studies show has the of milk animals and improve market access potential to not only increase milk yield and of milk producers in project areas. reduce productions costs, but also contribute The agreements for the Project were signed to reduced methane emissions. by Mr. Venu Rajamony, Joint Secretary, Nearly 1.7 Million Rural Milk Producing Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Households are expected to benefit from the Finance, on behalf of the Government of Project which will cover about 40,000 villages, India; Mr. Dilip Rath, Mission Director, NDP 1, particularly small producers, across 14 major on behalf of the National Dairy Development dairying states in India. Board (NDDB); and Mr. Roland Lomme, Governance Adviser, World Bank (India) on The Project will be financed by a credit from behalf of the World Bank. the International Development Association (IDA) – the World Bank’s concessionary A primary focus of the Project is on increasing lending arm – which provides interest-free milk production by genetic improvement of loans with 25 years to maturity and a grace the dairy herd (cows and buffalos) and period of five years. optimal use of feed and fodder. The Project Uttar Pradesh Health Systems Medical Health & Family Welfare on behalf of Strengthening Project the Government of Uttar Pradesh; Mr. Lokesh Kumar, Project Director, on behalf of T he Government of India, the Government of Uttar Pradesh and the World Bank have signed an IDA credit of US$ 152 million the UP Health Systems Strengthening Project; and Mr. Hubert Nove-Josserand, Operations Adviser, World Bank, India on to finance efforts to help improve the behalf of World Bank. efficiency, quality, and accountability of health services in the state of Uttar Pradesh, This Project will be financed by a credit from one of India’s low-income states with some the International Development Association of the poorest health indicators in the country. (IDA) – the World Bank’s concessionary lending arm – with a final maturity of 25 The Uttar Pradesh Health Systems years including a grace period of five years Strengthening Project (UPHSSP) will support and a 1.25 percent interest rate. the Government of Uttar Pradesh (GOUP) strengthen the management and systems capacity of its state Health department in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare services to its people. The agreements for the Project were signed by Mr. Venu Rajamony, Joint Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, on behalf of the Government of India; Mr.Sanjay Agarwal, Principal Secretary, 16 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 Rajasthan Agricultural Competitiveness farms; increase moisture and fertility in soil; Project and promote market-oriented production. T he Government of India, the Government of Rajasthan and the World Bank have signed an agreement for an IDA credit of The agreements for the Project were signed by Mr. Venu Rajamony, Joint Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of US$ 109 million for the Rajasthan Agricultural Finance, on behalf of the Government of Competitiveness Project to increase India; Mr. D. B. Gupta, Principal Secretary, agricultural productivity through sustainable Agriculture, on behalf of the Government of and efficient use of water resources. Rajasthan; Mr. Rajendra Prasad Sharma, Project Director, on behalf of the Rajasthan The Project is expected to increase agricultural Agricultural Competitiveness Project Project; productivity and farmer incomes through and Mr. Roland Lomme, Governance efficient water management, crop management, Adviser, World Bank (India) on behalf of improved agricultural technology, farmer World Bank. organizations and market innovations in some 20 selected areas of around 10,000 ha Some 155,000 Smallholder Farmers are each, across 10 Agro-Ecological Zones of expected to directly benefit from the Project Rajasthan. In all, about 200,000 ha of which will cover about 200,000 ha of agriculture land will be covered benefitting agriculture land in ten districts across all the some 155,000 mainly smallholder farmers. agro-ecological zones of the State. A primary focus of the Project is to reduce the agriculture water footprint by supporting The Project will be financed by a credit from measures that improve harvest, capture, the International Development Association collection, delivery and distribution of water (IDA) – the World Bank’s concessionary for crops and livestock dependent on either lending arm – which provides interest-free irrigated, ground water or rainfed water loans with 25 years to maturity and a grace sources; improve water use efficiency in period of five years. World Bank approves significant increase in lending to India Agreement allows for US $4.3 billion increase in support to India T he World Bank has announced a new innovative and flexible financing arrangement for India, one of its largest continue accessing long-term, low- interest IBRD finance for development projects aimed at improving the lives of its client countries, allowing it to obtain people, one third of whom are yet to substantial additional financing from the make their way out of poverty. International Bank for Reconstruction and “Without taking this action, it would have Development (IBRD), the Bank’s middle- been difficult for the Bank to assist India income lending arm. meaningfully as it tackles the remaining This arrangement, while facilitating a US large challenges of lifting some 300 million $4.3 billion increase in support to India, is out of poverty,” said World Bank Vice designed to maintain IBRD’s net exposure President for South Asia Isabel Guerrero. within the limit of US$ 17.5 billion established “This new arrangement will work towards by the IBRD for lending to a large, highly supporting India’s development needs, creditworthy borrower like India. showing the Bank can be innovative, flexible and responsive to the differentiated The new arrangement will allow for special needs of our client countries.” bonds to be issued by the World Bank and purchased by India, to offset additional This was approved by the World Bank planned lending. This will enable India to Board on 13 March, 2012. 12 The World Bank in India • May 2012 17 New Additions to the Public Information Center T his is a select listing of recent World Bank publications, working papers, operational documents and other information resources that are now available at the New Delhi Office Public Information Center. Policy Research Working Papers, Project Appraisal Documents, Project Information Documents and other reports can be downloaded in pdf format from ‘Documents and Reports’ at www.worldbank.org India: Policy Research Working Papers Publications may be consulted and copies of unpriced items obtained from: WPS 6003 The World Bank PIC Does India’s employment guarantee scheme 70 Lodi Estate guarantee employment? New Delhi – 110 003 By Puja Dutta, Rinku Murgai, Martin Ravallion and Tel: 011-2461 7241 Dominique van de Walle Fax: 011-2461 9393 In 2005 India introduced an ambitious national anti- Internet: www-wds.worldbank.org poverty program, now called the Mahatma Gandhi Email: smalhotra@worldbank.org National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. The program offers up to 100 days of unskilled manual PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTOR labor per year on public works projects for any rural Viva Books Pvt Ltd household member who wants such work at the 4737/23 Ansari Road stipulated minimum wage rate. The aim is to Daryaganj dramatically reduce poverty by providing extra earnings New Delhi – 110 002 for poor families, as well as empowerment and insurance. If the program worked in practice the way Tel: +91-11-4224 2200 it is designed, then anyone who wanted work on the Fax: +91-11-42242240 scheme would get it. However, analysis of data from Email: vivadelhi@vivagroupindia.net India’s National Sample Survey for 2009/10 reveals considerable un-met demand for work in all states. Other Preferred Stockist in India The authors confirm expectations that poorer families Anand Associates tend to have more demand for work on the scheme, 1219 Stock Exchange Tower and that (despite the un-met demand) the self-targeting 12th Floor, Dalal Street mechanism allows it to reach relatively poor families Mumbai – 400 023 and backward castes. The extent of the un-met Tel: +91-22-2272 3065/66 demand is greater in the poorest states — ironically Email: thrupti@vsnl.com where the scheme is needed most. Labor-market Internet: www.myown.org responses to the scheme are likely to be weak. The Telefax: +91-11-2610 0573 (New Delhi) scheme is attracting poor women into the workforce, Telefax: +91-80-4128 7582 (Bangalore) although the local-level rationing processes favor men. Allied Publishers Pvt Ltd Tel: +91-22-2261 7926/27 WPS 5987 Email: Improving farmers’ access to agricultural insurance mumbai.books@alliedpublishers.com in India Internet: www.alliedpublishers.com By Olivier Mahul, Niraj Verma and Daniel J. Clarke India’s crop insurance program is the world’s largest Bookwell with 25 million farmers insured. However, issues in 24/4800 Ansari Road, design, particularly related to delays in claims Daryaganj settlement, have led to 95 million farmer households New Delhi – 110 002 not being covered, despite significant government Tel: +91-11-2326 8786; 2325 7264 subsidy. To address this and other problems, the Email: bkwell@nde.vsnl.net.in Government of India is piloting a modified National bookwell@vsnl.net Agricultural Insurance Scheme, a market-based scheme with involvement from the private sector. 12 The World Bank in India • May 2012 18 Compared with the existing scheme, the new program long-term development of improved product designs has a design that can offer more timely, claim settlement, through product standardization, longer term contracts, less distortion in the allocation of government subsidies or separating the roles of product design and delivery. and cross-subsidies between farmer groups, and reduced basis risk. Implementation and technical challenges lie ahead which can be addressed but will WPS5974 require a comprehensive strategy, innovative solutions, Soil endowments, production technologies and and timely roll out. This paper describes and analyzes missing women in India both programs, and discusses lessons learned in By Eliana Carranza developing and implementing the new program. The female population deficit in India has been explained in a number of ways, but the great WPS 5986 heterogeneity in the deficit across districts within India Index based crop insurance product design and still remains an open question. This paper argues that ratemaking: The case of modified NAIS in India across India, a largely agrarian economy, soil texture By Daniel J. Clarke, Olivier Mahul and Niraj Verma varies exogenously and determines the workability of the soil and the technology used in land preparation. Designing and rating insurance products requires both Deep tillage, possible only in lighter and looser loamy science and judgment. In developing and emerging soils, reduces the use of labor in cultivation tasks economies, actuarial procedures must be robust and performed by women and has a negative impact on the implementable, as well as offering a sufficient degree relative value of girls to a household. The analysis finds of transparency and flexibility so as to allow expert that soil texture explains a large part of the variation in judgment to be incorporated. This paper outlines an women’s relative participation in agriculture and in approach to designing and rating a portfolio of index infant sex ratios across districts in India. insurance products that uses both temporal and spatial aspects of the data to increase the efficiency of statistical estimates. The approach has formed the WPS 6022 basis for the design and ratemaking methodology Biotechnology innovation for inclusive growth: A implemented by the Agriculture Insurance Company of study of Indian policies to foster accelerated India for the modified National Agricultural Insurance technology adaptation for affordable development Scheme, which was initiated by the Government of By K.Vijayaraghavan and Mark A.Dutz India in late 2010. The paper focuses on two public-private partnership initiatives, the Small Business Innovation Research WPS 5985 Initiative and the Biotechnology Industry Partnership Weather based crop insurance in India Program, which together have allocated more than By Daniel J. Clarke, Olivier Mahul, Kolli N. Rao and $70 million in public funding to almost 150 projects, Niraj Verma contributing to a total public-private investment of more than $170 million over the past five years. The The weather index insurance market in India is the authors’ key recommendation, to ensure effective world’s largest, having transitioned from small-scale resource use and better policy impact, is for these and scattered pilots to a large-scale weather based innovation-support initiatives to adopt more continuous crop insurance program covering more than 9 million monitoring, and more rigorous impact evaluation farmers. This paper provides a critical overview of this including approaches that allow the results of firms market, including a review of indices used for benefiting from support to be compared with an insurance purposes and a description and analysis of appropriate group of firms not benefiting from support. common approaches to design and ratemaking. Products should be designed based on sound agronomic principles and further investments are Other Publications needed both in quantifying the level of basis risk in existing products, and developing enhanced products with lower basis risk. In addition to pure weather The World Bank Group’s Response to the Global indexed products, hybrid products that combine both Economic Crisis: Phase II area yield and weather indices seem promising, with By IEG, World Bank the potential to combine the strengths of the individual Available: On-line indices. A portfolio approach to pricing products, such English; Paperback; as that offered by Empirical Bayes Credibility Theory, 358 pages can be significantly more efficient than the standalone Published 2012 by IEG pricing approaches typically employed in the Indian and World Bank market. Legislation for index insurance products, including consumer protection legislation, should be The global economic crisis further enhanced, for example by requiring disclosure of 2008-2009 led to a sharp of claim payments that each product would have made reduction of growth in the last ten years. The market structure for weather worldwide with an increase based crop insurance products could better reward in millions of poor persons. The World Bank Group 19 The World Bank in India • May 2012 13 responded with an unprecedented expansion of Public Office, Private Interests: Accountability support that included the majority of countries suffering through Income and Asset Disclosure high levels of stress. The bulk of the crisis support By World Bank focused on moderately affected countries. Because of Price: $25.95 its unprecedented support, largely through traditional StAR Initiative rather than crisis specific instruments, the World Bank English; Paperback; now has constrained headroom for future crisis 168 pages response, should it become necessary. Published March 2012 by World Bank ISBN: 978-0-8213-9452-6 Global Program Review: The Global Fund SKU: 19452 By IEG, World Bank Public Office, Private Available: On-line Interests: Accountability English; Paperback; through Income and Asset 180 pages Disclosure examines the objectives, design features, Published 2012 by IEG and implementation approaches that can contribute to and World Bank the effectiveness of an income and asset disclosure This new IEG report, a review of the Global Fund to (IAD) system, and enhance its impact as a prevention Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the World and enforcement tool. It draws on detailed case Bank’s engagement with the Global Fund is based on studies that are published in a companion volume: the Five-Year Evaluation of the Global Fund, which was Income and Asset Disclosure: Case Study Illustrations. commissioned by the Global Fund and completed in May 2009. The review assesses the independence and quality of that evaluation, validates its major findings, Trade Competitiveness Diagnostic Toolkit and reviews the extent and nature of the World Bank’s By Jose Guilherme Reis engagement with the Global Fund at the global and and Thomas Farole country levels since the Global Fund was founded. Price: $39.95 Trade and Development English; Paperback; From Right to Reality: Incentives, Labor Markets, 216 pages and the Challenge of Universal Social Protection in Published March, 2012 Latin America and the Caribbean by World Bank By Helena Ribe, David ISBN: 978-0-8213-8937-9 Robalino and Ian Walker SKU: 18937 Price: $39.95 The International Trade Latin American Department (PRMTR) has developed a Trade Development Forum Competitiveness Diagnostic Toolkit (TCD). The TCD is English; Paperback; a simple guide that facilitates a systematic assessment 450 pages of a country’s position, performance, and capabilities Published March 2012 in export markets. The TCD combines quantitative by World Bank analysis – including comparison of the country against ISBN: 978-0-8213-8687-3 global averages, regional and income-level peers – with SKU: 18687 an emphasis on in-depth, qualitative analysis, focusing The book takes stock of on in-country interviews with key stakeholders across current social protection trade value chains. systems in the Latin America and the Caribbean region, highlighting their interaction with labor markets. The book presents an in-depth assessment of the main Some Small Countries Do It Better: Rapid Growth social protection programs including pensions, health, and Its Causes in Singapore, Finland, and Ireland unemployment insurance, active labor market By Shahid Yusuf and Kaoru interventions, and safety net transfers. Nabeshima A central theme is that a well-functioning social Price: $25.00 protection system must take into account both the English; Paperback; realities of labor markets, including high levels of 184 pages informal sector employment where governments are Published February, 2012 unable to impose compulsory social insurance, and by World Bank the effects of policies on the behavior of their ISBN: 978-0-8213-8846-4 beneficiaries, employers, and of service providers. SKU: 18846 The developmental experience of Singapore, Finland, and Ireland (Sifire) 12 The World Bank in India • May 2012 20 offers a different approach to rapid and sustained Agricultural Innovation Systems: An Investment growth. The focus of these countries, rather than being Sourcebook tightly bound to investment, concentrates on building By The World Bank human capital in order to attract technology-intensive Price: $49.95 foreign direct investment and to enable domestic firms Agriculture and Rural to compete in global markets for high value products Development Series and services. English; Paperback; This recipe for rapid and sustained growth is well 680 pages suited for the large number of small, resource-poor Published February, 2012 countries and is of special relevance in the competitive by World Bank global environment of the 21st century. ISBN: 978-0-8213-8684-2 SKU: 18684 Drawing on approaches Draining Development: Controlling Flows of Illicit that have been tested at different scales in different Funds from Developing Countries settings, this Sourcebook emphasizes the lessons Edited by Peter Reuter learned, benefits and impacts, implementation issues, Price: $45.00 and prospects for replicating or expanding successful English; Paperback; practices. 548 pages The Sourcebook reflects the experiences and evolving Published February, 2012 understanding of numerous individuals and organizations by World Bank concerned with agricultural innovation, including the ISBN: 978-0-8213-8869-3 World Bank. SKU: 18869 A growing concern among those interested in economic Fighting Corruption in Public Services: Chronicling development is the Georgia’s Reforms realization that hundreds of Price: $25.95 billions of dollars are illicitly Directions in Development: flowing out of developing countries to tax havens and DID – Public Sector other financial centers in the developed world. Governance This volume assesses the dynamics of these flows, English; Paperback; much of which is from corruption and tax evasion. 124 pages What causes them, what are their consequences and Published February, 2012 how might they be controlled? by World Bank ISBN: 978-0-8213-9475-5 SKU: 19475 Cities and Flooding: A Guide to Integrated Urban This book uses available Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century data and interviews with By Abhas K. Jha, Robin current and former government officials to describe Bloch and Jessica Lamond the challenges facing government, the decisions made, Price: $40.00 and the tradeoffs considered. It presents eight case English; Paperback; studies covering anti-corruption reforms in the patrol 632 pages police, taxes, customs, power supply, business Published February, 2012 deregulations, civil and public registries, university by World Bank entrance exams, and municipal services. ISBN: 978-0-8213-8866-2 SKU: 18866 The Elderly and Old Age Support in Rural China Urban flooding is a significant challenge By Fang Cai, John Giles, which today increasingly confronts the residents of the Philip O’Keefe and Dewen expanding cities and towns of developing countries, Wang as well as policymakers and national, regional and Price: $25.00 local government officials. Directions in Development: DID - Human Development The Global Handbook covers the causes, probability English; Paperback; and impacts of floods; the measures that can be used 166 pages to manage flood risk, balancing structural and non- Published March, 2012 structural solutions in an integrated fashion; and the by World Bank means by which these measures can be financed and ISBN: 978-0-8213-8685-9 implemented, and their progress monitored and SKU: 18685 evaluated. 21 The World Bank in India • May 2012 13 This volume examines projected demographic changes The book recommends a program of focused policies that will affect the economic well-being of China’s rural to exploit Africa’s latent comparative advantage in a elderly over the next twenty years, taking into account particular group of light manufacturing industries – both China’s sharp demographic transition and the especially leather goods, garments, and agricultural continued migration of young adults into cities. processing. The projected old age dependency ratio of 34 percent The timing for these initiatives is very appropriate as in China’s rural areas by 2030 suggests that support of China’s comparative advantage in these areas is the elderly is likely to be an increasing burden on diminishing due to steep cost increases associated China’s families over the next twenty years. with rising wages and non-wage labor costs, escalating land prices, and mounting regulatory costs. The book documents the sources of financial support, poverty incidence and vulnerability of the rural elderly since the early 1990s. Implementing a National Assessment of Educational Achievement The Cash Dividend: The Rise of Cash Transfer Edited by Vincent Greaney Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa and Thomas Kellaghan Price: $30.00 By Marito Garcia and National Assessments of Charity M. T. Moore Educational Achievement 3 Price: $35.00 English; Mixed Media; Directions in Development: 284 pages DID - Human Development Published February, 2012 English; Paperback; by World Bank 430 pages ISBN: 978-0-8213-8589-0 Published February, 2012 SKU: 18589 by World Bank ISBN: 978-0-8213-8897-6 Implementation of a SKU: 18897 National Assessment of Educational Achievement focuses on the practical tasks involved in running a The book summarizes the large-scale national assessment program. results of a review of the recent use of cash transfer programs in Sub-Saharan Africa and discusses the Among others, it provides a methodology for selecting unique challenges associated with implementing these a sample of students that is representative of students programs in the region’s environment. Drawing from a in the education system. Principles underlying wide range of sources and previously unexamined sampling are also described, as well as step-by-step data, the book outlines broad trends in program design procedures that can be implemented in nearly any features and implementation, discusses lessons that national assessment. have been learned, and addresses the importance of issues such as political will and buy-in inherent to cash transfers in the region. Sewing Success: Employment, Wages, and Poverty following the End of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement Edited by Gladys Lopez- Light Manufacturing in Africa: Targeted Policies to Acevedo and Raymond Enhance Private Investment and Create Jobs Robertson By Hinh T. Dinh, Vincent Price: $35.00 Palmade, Vandana Chandra Directions in Development: and Frances Cossar DID - Poverty Price: $30.00 English; Paperback; Africa Development Forum 532 pages English; Paperback; Published March, 2012 180 pages by World Bank Published February, 2012 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8778-8 by World Bank SKU: 18778 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8961-4 Sewing Success: Employment, Wages, and Poverty SKU: 18961 following the End of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement This book examines how analyzes the impact of the 2004 Multi-Fibre light manufacturing can offer a viable solution for Arrangement (MFA) phaseout on key social indicators Sub-Saharan Africa’s need for structural transformation in major apparel-exporting developing countries. This and productive job creation, given its potential study provides important policy insights on how to competitiveness based on low wage costs and an maximize the poverty-reduction potential of the apparel abundance of natural resources that supply raw materials industry in a post-MFA environment. needed for industries. 12 The World Bank in India • May 2012 22 Broadband Strategies Handbook Broadband Strategies Handbook will help readers identify issues and challenges in broadband Edited by Tim Kelly and development, analyze potential solutions to consider, Carlo Maria Rossotto and provide practical examples from countries that Price: $45.00 have addressed broadband-related matters. It goes English; Paperback; beyond the regulatory issues and looks more broadly 404 pages at the challenges of promoting and universalizing Published March, 2011 broadband access. by World Bank ISBN: 978-0-8213-8945-4 SKU: 18945 Latest from the Web ● Global and Regional Partnership Programs IEG annually reviews a number of global and regional partnership programs in which the World Bank Group is a partner, in accordance with a mandate from the Bank’s Executive Board in September 2004. The three main purposes are (a) to help improve the relevance and the effectiveness of the programs being reviewed, (b) to identify and disseminate lessons of broader application to other programs, and (c) to contribute to the development of standards, guidelines, and good practices for evaluating global and regional partnership programs. http://tinyurl.com/ccvezye India Project Documents Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution Report No. 67739 (Project Paper- Restructuring, Management Project: Procurement Plan for 2 Vol.) Consultancy Date 10 April 2012 Second Phase Hydrology Project Project ID P091031 Date 27 March 2012 Report No. 67959 (Procurement Plan) Project ID P084632 Report No. 67667(Project Paper- Restructuring, Madhya Pradesh Water Sector Project 2 Vol.) Date 30 March 2012 Project ID P073370 Second National Tuberculosis Control Report No. 67311 (Project Paper- Restructuring, Program Project 2 Vol.) Date 26 March 2012 Project ID P078539 Integrated Disease Surveillance Project Report No. 67745 (Project Paper- Restructuring, Date 30 March 2012 2 Vol.) Project ID P073651 Report No. 67797 (Project Paper- Restructuring, Scaling up Sustainable and Responsible 2 Vol.) Microfinance Project Date 23 March 2012 Second Reproductive and Child Health Project Project ID P119043 Date 28 March 2012 Report No. 67678 (Project Paper- Restructuring, Project ID P075060 2 Vol.) 23 The World Bank in India • May 2012 13 Secondary Education Project National Dairy Support Project Date 22 March 2012 Date 17 February 2012 Project ID P118445 Project ID P107648 Report No. 67723(Summary of Discussion) Report No. 63708 (Project Appraisal Document) 58989 (Project Appraisal Document) AC6334 (Integrated Safeguards Data Himachal Pradesh Development Policy Loan Sheet) to Support a Shift towards Green Growth Project Karnataka Panchayats Strengthening Project Date 16 February 2012 Date 21 March 2012 Project ID P124041 Project ID P078832 Report No. AB6960 (Program Information Document) Report No. 67676 (Project Paper- Restructuring, 2 Vol.) Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project: Executive summary for Pedna Nuzvid Vissannapet Road Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project Date 13 February 2012 Date 07 March 2012 Project ID P096021 Project ID P084792 Report No. E2067 (Environmental Assessment, Report No. 67227 (Project Paper- Restructuring, Vol 6) 2 Vol.) Financing Public-Private Partnerships in Fourth National HIV/AIDS Control Project Infrastructure through Support to the India Date 29 February 2012 Infrastructure Finance Company Limited Project ID P130299 Project Report No. ISDSC608 (Integrated Safeguards Date 10 February 2012 Data Sheet, Concept Stage) Project ID P102771 Report No. 66737(Procurement Plan) Rajasthan Agricultural Competitiveness Project Date 27 February 2012 Bihar Flood Rehabilitation Phase II Project ID P124614 Date 09 February 2012 Report No. 66091 (Project Appraisal Document) Project ID P127725 IPP543 (Indigenous Peoples Plan) Report No. PIDC190 (Project Information Document) Karnataka Health System Development and Reform Project Assam State Roads Project Date 25 February 2012 Date 03 February 2012 Project ID P071160 Project ID P096018 Report No. 67198 (Project Paper- Restructuring, Report No. PIDA76 (Project Information 2 Vol.) Document, Appraisal Stage) Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Rajasthan Agricultural Competitiveness Project Date 23 February 2012 Date 03 February 2012 Project ID P084790 Project ID P124614 Report No. 67032 (Project Paper- Restructuring, Report No. PIDA204 (Project Information 2 Vol.) Document, Appraisal Stage) Assam State Roads Project Additional Financing for the Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project Date 17 February 2012 Project ID P096018 Date 03 February 2012 Report No. 63871 (Project Appraisal Document) Project ID P129686 Report No. 66052(Project Paper- Restructuring) 24 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 World Bank Policy Research Working Papers WPS 6035 WPS 6021 Workers’ age and the impact of trade shocks Why quality matters: Rebuilding trustworthy local By Erhan Artuc government in post-conflict Sierra Leone By Audrey Sacks and Marco Larizza WPS 6034 Do migrants really foster trade? The trade-migration WPS 6020 nexus, a panel approach 1960-2000 Does a picture paint a thousand words? Evidence By Christopher R. Parsons from a microcredit marketing experiment By Xavier Gine, Ghazala Mansuri and Mario Picon WPS 6033 World food prices and human development: Policy WPS 6019 simulations for archetype low-income countries When do donors trust recipient country systems? By Hans Lofgren By Stephen Knack WPS 6032 WPS 6018 Land fragmentation, cropland abandonment, and How vulnerable are Arab countries to global food land market operation in Albania price shocks? By Klaus Deininger, Sara Savastano and Calogero By Elena Ianchovichina, Josef Loening and Christina Carletto Wood WPS 6031 WPS 6017 Food security and storage in the Middle East and R&D and aggregate fluctuations North Africa By Erhan Artuc and Panayiotis M.Pourpourides By Donald F.Larson, Julian Lampietti, Christophe WPS 6016 Gouel, Carlo Cafiero and John Roberts Household coping and response to government WPS 6030 stimulus in an economic crisis: Evidence from Thailand Funding vs. real economy shock: The impact of the By Shahidur R Khandker, Gayatri B.Koolwal, Jonathan 2007-2009 crises on small firms credit availability Haughton and Somchai Jitsuchon By Gunhild Berg and Karolin Kirschenmann WPS 6015 WPS 6029 Do middle classes bring institutional reforms? Adapting road procurement to climate conditions By Norman Loayza, Jamele Rigolini and Gonzalo Llorente By Atsushi Iimi and Radia Benamghar WPS 6014 WPS 6028 The impact of demand on cargo dwell time in ports Optimizing the size of public road contracts in SSA By Atsushi Iimi and Radia Benamghar By Monica Beuran, Mohamed Hadi Mahihenni, Gael Raballand and Salim Refas WPS 6027 Participatory accountability and collective action: WPS 6013 Evidence from field experiments in Albanian schools Achieving the MDGs in Yemen: An assessment By Abigail Barr, Truman Packard and Danila Serra By Abdulmajeed Al-Batuly, Mohamed Al-Hawri, Martin Cicowiez, Hans Lofgren and Mohammad Pournik WPS 6026 Productivity and the welfare of nations WPS 6012 By Susanto Basu, Luigi Pascali, Fabio Schiantarelli and Putting services and foreign direct investment with Luis Serven endogenous productivity effects in computable general equilibrium models WPS 6024 By David G.Tarr Food security and wheat prices in Afghanistan: A distribution-sensitive analysis of household-level WPS 6011 impacts Channels of transmission of the 2007/09 global crisis By Anna D’Souza and Dean Jolliffe to international bank lending in developing countries By Jonathon Adams-Kane, Yueqing Jia and Jamus WPS 6023 Jerome Lim Impact of services liberalization on industry productivity, exports and development: Six empirical WPS 6010 studies in the transition countries Structural challenges for SOEs in Belarus: A case By David Tarr study of the machine building sector By Edgardo Favaro, Karlis Smits and Marina Bakanova WPS 6022 Biotechnology innovation for inclusive growth: A WPS 6009 study of Indian policies to foster accelerated How accurate are recall data? Evidence from coastal technology adaptation for affordable development India By K. Vijayaraghavan and Mark A.Dutz By Francesca de Nicola and Xavier Gine 25 The World Bank in India • May 2012 13 WPS 6008 Shlomi Dinar Gender inequality in the labor market in Serbia WPS 5995 By Anna Reva Subjective perceptions of the impact of the global WPS 6007 economic crisis in Europe and Central Asia: The Trade causes growth in Sub-Saharan Africa household perspective By Markus Breckner and Daniel Lederman By Benu Bidani, Mame Fatou Diagne and Salman Zaidi WPS 6006 WPS 5994 Public services and expenditure need equalization: Governance and public service delivery in Europe Reflections on principles and worldwide comparative and Central Asia: Unofficial payments, utilization and practices satisfaction By Anwar Shah By Mame Fatou Diagne, Dena Ringold and Salman Zaidi WPS 6005 Firm growth and productivity in Belarus: New empirical WPS 5993 evidence from the machine building industry Why do some countries default more often than By Jesus Crespo Cuaresma, Harald Oberhofer and others? The role of institutions Gallina A.Vincelette By Rong Qian WPS 6004 WPS 5992 Autonomy with equity and accountability: Toward a Impact of hospital provider payment reforms in more transparent, objective, predictable and simpler Croatia (TOPS) system of central financing of provincial-local By Martina Bogut, Luka Voncina and Ethan Yeh expenditures in Indonesia WPS 5991 By Anwar Shah The demand for, and consequences of, formalization WPS 6003 among informal firms in Sri Lanka Does India’s employment guarantee scheme By Suresh de Mel, David McKenzie and Christopher guarantee employment? Woodruff By Puja Dutta, Rinku Murgai, Martin Ravallion and WPS 5990 Dominique van de Walle ‘Green’ growth, ‘green’ jobs and labor markets WPS 6002 By Alex Bowen Grant financing of metropolitan areas: A review of WPS 5989 principles and worldwide practices Spillover effects of exchange rates: A study of the By Anwar Shah Renminbi WPS 6001 By Aaditya Mattoo, Prachi Mishra and Arvind The cross-country magnitude and determinants of Subramanian collateral borrowing WPS 5988 By Ha Nguyen and Rong Qian Kenya’s mobile revolution and the promise of mobile WPS 6000 savings Leading Dragons phenomenon: New opportunities By Gabriel Demombynes and Aaron Thegeya for catch-up in low-income countries WPS 5987 By Vandana Chandra, Justin Yifu Lin and Yan Wang Improving farmers’ access to agricultural insurance in WPS 5999 India The law’s majestic equality? The distributive impact By Olivier Mahul, Niraj Verma and Daniel J.Clarke of litigating social and economic rights WPS 5986 By Daniel M. Brinks and Varun Gauri Index based crop insurance product design and WPS 5998 ratemaking: The case of modified NAIS in India Appraising the Thailand village fund By Daniel J.Clarke, Olivier Mahul and Niraj Verma By Jirawan Boonperm, Jonathan Haughton, Shahidur WPS 5985 R.Khandker and Pungpond Rukumnuaykit Weather based crop insurance in India WPS 5997 By Daniel J.Clarke, Olivier Mahul, Kolli N.Rao and Niraj Sexual behavior change intentions and actions in the Verma context of a randomized trial of a conditional cash WPS 5984 transfer for HIV prevention in Tanzania Weathering a storm: Survey-based perspectives on By Laura Packel, William H.Dow, Damien de Walque, employment in China in the aftermath of the global Zachary Isdahl and Albert Majura financial crisis WPS 5996 By John Giles, Albert Park, Fang Cai and Yang Du Accessing economic and political impacts of WPS 5983 Hydrological variability on treaties: Case studies on Can we trust shoestring evaluations? the Zambezi and Mekong basins By Martin Ravallion By Brian Blankespoor, Alan Basist, Ariel Dinar and 26 The World Bank in India • May 2012 12 WPS 5982 behavior of Muslim couples in Indonesia Fiscal multipliers over the growth cycle: Evidence By Eliana Carranza from Malaysia WPS 5971 By Sohrab Rafiq and Albert Zeufack A tale of two species: Revisiting the effect of WPS 5981 registration reform on informal business owners in How does bank competition affect systemic stability? Mexico By Deniz Anginer, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Min Zhu By Miriam Bruhn WPS 5980 WPS 5970 Financial literacy and the financial crisis Regional integration and natural resources: Who By Leora Klapper, Annamaria Lusardi and Georgios benefits? Evidence from MENA A.Panos By Celine Carrere, Julien Gourdon and Marcelo Olarreaga WPS 5979 Geography and exporting behavior: Evidence from WPS 5969 India Global survey of development banks By Mukim and Megha By Jose de Luna-Martinez and Carlos Leonardo Vicente WPS 5978 Using pooled information and bootstrap methods to WPS 5968 assess debt sustainability in low income countries Poor or just feeling poor? On using subjective data in By Constantino Hevia measuring poverty By Martin Ravallion WPS 5977 Agriculture public spending and growth in Indonesia WPS 5967 By Enrique Blanco Armas, Camilo Gomez Osorio, An economic integration zone for the East African Blanca Moreno-Dodson and Dwi Endah Abriningrum Community: Exploiting regional potential and addressing commitment challenges WPS 5976 By Anton Dobronogov and Thomas Farole Food standards and exports: Evidence from China By Axel Mangelsdorf, Alberto Portugal-Perez and John WPS 5966 S.Wilson Mines, migration and HIV/AIDS in southern Africa By Lucia Corno and Damien de Walque WPS 5975 Financing businesses in Africa: The role of WPS 5965 microfinance Child labor, schooling, and child ability By Shilpa Aggarwal, Leora Klapper and Dorothe Singer By Richard Akresh, Emilie Bagby, Damien de Walque and Harounan Kazianga WPS 5974 Soil endowments, production technologies and WPS 5964 missing women in India Multidimensional poverty analysis: Looking for a By Eliana Carranza middle ground By Francisco H. G.Ferreira and Maria Ana Lugo WPS 5973 Stimulating demand for AIDS prevention: Lessons WPS 5963 from the RESPECT trial Uganda’s infrastructure: A continental perspective By Damien de Walque, William H.Dow, Carol Medlin By Rupa Ranganathan and Vivien Foster and Rose Nathan WPS 5962 WPS 5972 Tanzania’s infrastructure: A continental perspective Islamic inheritance law, son preference and fertility By Maria Shkaratan 27 The World Bank in India • May 2012 13 The World Bank in India VOL 10 / NO 6 • May 2012 Public Information Center World Bank Depository Libraries in India 70 Lodi Estate New Delhi - 110 003 ◆ Annamalai University Tel: 011-2461 7241 Annamalainagar Fax: 011-2461 9393 ◆ Centre for Studies in Social Contact: Sunita Malhotra Sciences Kolkata smalhotra@worldbank.org ◆ Giri Institute of Development Studies Lucknow ◆ Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune Media Inquiries ◆ Guru Nanak Dev University Contact: Sudip Mozumder Amritsar Email: smozumder@worldbank.org ◆ Indian Institute of Tel: 011-2461 7241 (Ext. 210) Management Ahmedabad Fax: 011-2461 9393 ◆ Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi ◆ Institute of Development Studies Jaipur ◆ Institute of Economic The World Bank Websites Growth New Delhi Main: http://www.worldbank.org ◆ Institute of Financial India: http://www.worldbank.org.in Management and Research Chennai ◆ Institute of Social and Economic Change Bangalore ◆ Karnataka University Dharwad ◆ Kerala University Library Thiruvananthapuram ◆ Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad ◆ Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur ◆ Punjabi University Patiala Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted. ◆ University of Bombay No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or Mumbai by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, ◆ Uttaranchal Academy of recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, Administration Nainital without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. Designed by Thoughtscape Design Studio, Delhi and printed by Sona Printers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, May 2012