For Official Use Only CLR Review Independent Evaluation Group 1. CAS/CPS Data Country: Republic of Benin CAS/CPS Year: FY13 CAS/CPS Period: FY13 – FY18 CLR Period: FY13 – FY18 Date of this review: June 20, 2018 2. Ratings CLR Rating IEG Rating Development Outcome: Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory WBG Performance: Good Good 3. Executive Summary i. This review of the World Bank Group’s Completion and Learning Report (CLR) covers the period of the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) (FY13-17) and the Performance and Learning Review (PLR) which extended the CPS period to include FY18. The PLR was discussed at the Board on August 30, 2016. ii. Benin is a low-income country (per capita income of $820 in 2016). It has a population of about ten million (2013 census) with a high population growth of around 2.8 percent per annum. The average GDP growth during the review period was 4.9 percent (2013-2016). The average per capita GDP growth rate was relatively low at 2.0 percent between 2013 and 2016, due to the high population growth and drop in the overall growth rate in 2015 as a result of an economic slowdown in neighboring Nigeria, political transition in 2015-2106, and decline in cotton prices. The economy is dominated by traditional agriculture, informal commerce and trade - areas with low levels of productivity. The country ranks 167 (out of 188) on the UNDP Human Development Index in 2015. iii. The CPS strategic vision was “to harness Benin’s comparative advantages to spur sustainable, shared economic growth”. To this end, the CPS had three focus areas: (i) a foundation pillar for governance and public sector capacity; (ii) sustainable growth, competitiveness and employment; and (iii) improving service delivery and social inclusion. The CPS focus areas were aligned with the government’s Third Growth Strategy for Poverty reduction (SCRP-3) for the period 2011-2015 and consistent with its long-term national vision called Alafia 2025. iv. During the CPS period, IDA approved 19 lending operations for a total of $827 million. New lending commitments comprised 14 Investment Project Financing (IPF) including Additional Financing and two regional operations for $ 497.4 million, four Development Policy Financing (DPF) for $110 million, and one Program for Results (PforR) for $220 million. Five trust funded operations were also approved for $48.9 million. The planned CPS lending program for the five years FY13-17 was $490 million for 20 operations (of which $130 million for five DPFs). This program was implemented largely as planned, with some modifications including the cancellation of PRSC 11 due to limited government commitment and weak governance which undermined policy reform efforts in important areas. During the same period, IFC made net commitments of $225.9 million. The Global Trade Finance Program (GTFP), IFC’s short-term trade finance CLR Reviewed by: Panel Reviewed by: CLR Review Manager/Coordinator Nils Fostvedt Jorge Garcia-Garcia Pablo Fajnzylber Consultant, IEGEC Consultant, IEGEC Manager, IEGEC Takatoshi Kamezawa, Senior Lourdes Pagaran Evaluation Officer, IEGEC CLRR Coordinator, IEGEC For Official Use Only CLR Review 2 Independent Evaluation Group guarantees, accounted for 95.6 percent or $215.9 million of net commitments. For the same period, there was only one long-term financing transaction for $10 million or 4.4 percent of total net commitments. v. On balance, IEG rates the overall development outcome as Moderately Satisfactory. Of the 12 objectives, five were rated Achieved, three Mostly Achieved, and four Partially Achieved. Focus Area 1 had only one objective on public financial management (PFM) and was not fully supportive of the much broader theme of this focus area. The six indicators for the PFM objective showed mixed progress. There were improvements on some aspects of budget management in terms of timely submission of national accounts and transfers of funds to communes, and the publication of communal action plans (to deal with weaknesses identified by audits); but limited or no progress on other aspects of budget management (execution rate and unallocated percentage of budget), and the investment budget execution rate could not be verified. For Focus Area 2, there were improvements in transport and port services, access to IT services, agricultural productivity and diversification, business environment, and natural resource management; but limited progress on increased access to power services, and labor skills development for youth. For Focus Area 3, there was progress in increasing access to safety nets and improving access to health and nutrition services, and primary education; but limited progress on flood protection in urban areas. Overall, some of the indicators were narrowly focused on outputs rather than on outcomes, and/or based on results from specific Bank projects with limited sense of how and/or when such results have been replicated more broadly in the country. vi. Overall, IEG rates the WBG performance as Good. The CPS addressed important areas for Benin’s development, with an appropriate combination of lending and knowledge activities (ASA), with the latter generally linked to lending activities and policy discussions with the government. The program, while somewhat broad, had reasonable selectivity and reflected new challenges identified by the new government, such as youth and female employment and the reduction of gender inequalities. The CPS had planned for the PLR to be produced 18-24 months into implementation, but it was instead delivered more than four years into the period. At the PLR, the CPS period was extended by one year, or a total of six years, in order to respond to the priorities of the new government at that time. The original results framework was of reasonable size and complexity in relation to the WBG program. However, the changes at the PLR reduced the level of ambition of the program by focusing more on process and outputs and using achievements of specific target areas of Bank supported projects with no clear sense of broader program implications. The Benin portfolio (closed and active) showed mixed performance. There was good coordination among donors in areas of common interest. The CPS was Bank centric with limited reference to the IFC in the results framework and this approach did not change at the PLR. There were no safeguard or fiduciary issues during the review period. vii. The CLR presents three key lessons with which IEG agrees: (i) weak governance and government commitment undermined the policy reform program in important areas such as public financial management; (ii) investment programs targeting the poor have yielded results and have led to meaningful policy and institutional changes in the affected sectors; and (iii) The WBG has been most effective when all its institutions work together. viii. IEG adds the following lesson: • It is important to establish close coherence between program objectives and indicators, and for relevant indicators to cover the different dimensions of the objectives. In the case of Benin, the modifications at the PLR reduced the level of ambition of the program results where some indicators only covered parts of their stated objectives. In some cases, indicators were concentrated quite narrowly on process and outputs rather than on outcomes, and/or on the results from Bank projects with limited sense of how and/or when such results might be replicated more broadly in the country. For Official Use Only CLR Review 3 Independent Evaluation Group 4. Strategic Focus Relevance of the WBG Strategy: 1. Congruence with Country Context and Country Program. Benin is a low-income country (per capita income of $820 in 2016). It has a population of about ten million (2013 census) with a high population growth of around 2.8 percent per annum. The average GDP growth during the review period was 4.9 percent (2013-2016). Benin’s economy is dominated by traditional agriculture, informal commerce and trade - areas with low levels of productivity. The country ranks 167 (out of 188) on the UNDP Human Development Index in 2015. In that year the Gini coefficient was 47.8. 2. The CPS stated as its strategic vision “to harness Benin’s comparative advantages to spur sustainable, shared economic growth.” To this end, the CPS had three focus areas: (i) a foundation pillar for governance and public sector capacity; (ii) sustainable growth, competitiveness and employment; and (iii) improving service delivery and social inclusion. The CPS was prepared to reflect the government’s Third Growth Strategy for Poverty reduction (SCRP-3) for the period 2011- 2015 and consistent with its long-term national vision called Alafia 2025. The CPS noted that while the SCRP-3 did not differ fundamentally from the previous poverty reduction strategy, it included new challenges such as youth and female employment and the reduction of gender inequalities. 3. Relevance of Design. The WBG interventions covered a range of activities that were envisaged to support the achievement of the CPS objectives and contribute to the achievement of government’s goals and priorities. The CPS sought to focus on areas where it would have comparative advantage and solid expertise. The program contained a combination of policy-based lending, PfoR and investment operations, with expected annual policy-based operations to support selected reform areas and complemented by capacity building. The ASA work and trust funds were generally well linked with lending operations. Limited government commitment and weak governance undermined the policy reform program in important areas (such as public financial management) and made it more difficult to achieve reforms – a weakness that had not been well foreseen at the design stage. As a consequence, while most of the planned program interventions were carried out as planned, disbursements under PRSC 10 took longer than expected, and the planned PRSC 11 was cancelled due to governance issues. Selectivity 4. The CPS document noted as one lesson from the previous CPS that IDA should focus its assistance in key priority areas. Overall, the program design and implementation corresponded reasonably to this intention, with three focus areas and 12 program objectives that were appropriate given country conditions and the Bank’s limited resources. The CPS laid out well the justifications for the chosen priorities, but there was little discussion on why some areas were not covered. The CPS indicated that it did not plan to invest new IDA resources in agriculture, judicial reform, national transport, education, water, or HIV/AIDS, but at the same the CPS noted that several of these areas were in any case covered through trust funds and advisory services and analytics (ASA). There was no discussion in the CPS of other important areas not addressed by the program (such as how to address the high fertility rate in Benin). Alignment 5. The December 2017 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) notes that Benin’s GDP per capita has not grown much over the past 15 years, resulting in little substantive progress in reducing poverty. Explanatory factors for the lack of per capita growth include governance weaknesses, infrastructure deficiencies and economic competitiveness issues, together with notable gender imbalances, high population growth, and low levels of human capital among the poor. The CPS was prepared before the WBG’s corporate strategy spelled out the twin goals, but the program sought to address issues concerning both ending extreme poverty and supporting shared prosperity by addressing key development challenges (governance and public sector capacity), strengthening sustainable growth, and supporting access to social services and social inclusion. For Official Use Only CLR Review 4 Independent Evaluation Group 5. Development Outcome Overview of Achievement by Objective: 6. Following the IEG-OPCS Shared Approach (SA) for Country Engagement, the assessment of the development outcome is based on the updated results framework at the PLR stage. In line with the SA, this review applies the following nomenclatures: focus areas and objectives corresponding to the CLR’s pillars and outcomes, respectively. Focus Area 1 (Foundation Pillar): Governance and Public Sector Capacity. This focus area had only one objective. 7. Objective 1: Improved public sector capacity in public financial management. This objective was supported primarily through the Poverty Reduction Support Credits (PRSC 8-10) (FY13-15), the Public Investment Management and Governance Support Project (FY16), the Decentralized Community Driven Services Project (FY12) and its additional financing (FY14), and various technical assistance (TA) including the Poverty Diagnostics and Statistics Regional TA (FY17), the Benin Medium-Term Debt Management Strategy TA (FY16), and the Benin Statistics Capacity Building Trust Fund (FY16). This objective had six indicators: (i) Execution rate of social priority expenditures. Not Achieved. The target was for this rate to increase to more than 90 percent (2016) from 75 percent (2011). The rate first rose to 101 percent in 2013, but it then declined to 81 percent in 2014 (as reported in the CLR), and to 65 percent as reported in the 2017 IMF Article IV Report which notes under-execution of social priority spending. (ii) Time required to submit national accounts to the Chamber of Accounts. Achieved. The time required to submit national accounts declined from nine months in 2012 to less than six months by end 2016, in line with the target. (iii) Unallocated percentage of budget. Partially Achieved. This was expected to decline from 12.4 percent in 2012 to less than five percent by 2017. The ICRR for the PRSC-9 and 10 series reports that the unallocated share of budget decreased from 12.4 percent (2012) to 10.4 percent (2017). (iv) Investment budget execution rate. Not Verified. The CLR reports that the execution rate was 89.2 percent as of June 2017, but this number could not be verified by IEG. The CLR also states that data for 2018 will only be available at the end of the first quarter of 2019. This reporting issue should have been considered at the PLR. (v) Fonds d’Appui au Development des Communes (FADeC) - transfers to communes (days from the published timetable). Achieved. The average difference (number of days) fell to five by October 2016, surpassing the target of 15. (vi) Communes with audits and published action plans to correct any revealed deficiencies. Achieved. As of September 2017, 100 percent of the communes with up-to-date financial audits published such action plans to correct any revealed deficiency, against the target of 90 percent. 8. Overall, Objective 1 was Partially Achieved. Of the six indicators, three were achieved, one partially achieved, one not achieved, and one not verified. 9. Focus Area 1 was Moderately Unsatisfactory. There were improvements on some aspects of budget management (timely submission of national accounts and transfers of funds to communes) and the publication of communal action plans (to deal with weaknesses identified by audits); but limited progress on other aspects of budget management (execution rate and unallocated percentage of budget). For Official Use Only CLR Review 5 Independent Evaluation Group Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. This focus area had seven objectives: (i) increased access to power services; (ii) improved transport and port services; (iii) increased access to ICT services; (iv) enhanced business environment; (v) improved agricultural productivity and diversification; (vi) improved natural resource management practices; and (vii) labor skills development for youth. 10. Objective 2: Increased access to power services. This objective was supported primarily by the Increased Access to Modern Energy Services Project (FY09) and the GEF Energy Efficiency Program (FY09) The four indicators were introduced at the PLR, at which time several indicators were removed concerning reductions of power losses and electricity bill collection rates. This objective had four indicators. (i) Infrastructure for electricity distribution network established. Partially Achieved. As of January 2018, 30 km of transmission lines had been constructed, against the target of 50 km by 2017. (ii) Infrastructure for electricity bill collection established. Mostly Achieved. As of January 2018, 40,500 pre-payment meters had been installed against a 2017 target of 45,000 meters delivered and installation launched. (iii) Lighting efficiency standards developed and applied. Achieved. Efficiency standards for two appliances (light bulbs and air conditioners) were developed and applied, as targeted. (iv) Revision of the international agreement on the Beninese-Togolese Electrical Code and the law governing the Electricity Code in Benin. Partially Achieved. The CLR does not report on this indicator. No Bank document provides information on the Benin-Togo international agreement and the law governing the electricity code in Benin. Information from Communauté Electrique du Bénin (CEB) suggests that there were revisions made to the Electrical Code. 11. All four indicators could potentially contribute to the stated objective of access to power services. However, these indicators do not measure the achievement of the stated objective. On balance this Objective 2 was Partially Achieved. 12. Objective 3: Improved transport and port services. This objective, with two indicators, was primarily supported by the Abidjan-Lagos Trade and Transport Facilitation project (FY10), the ASA Customs Assessment Trade Toolkit (FY14), and by a trade policy note on the Port of Cotonou (2013). (i) Port dwell time in Cotonou. Achieved. The dwell time was reduced from the 2012 baseline of 21.6 days to 14 days as of June 2017, exceeding the target of 16 days. (ii) Border crossing time of trucks/merchandise along corridor Krake-Seme. Achieved. The border crossing time was reduced from the 48 hours in 2010 to 31 hours as of June 2017, exceeding the target of 40 hours in 2018. 13. The objective was Achieved. 14. Objective 4: Increased access to ICT services. This objective, with two indicators, was primarily supported by the E-government project (FY10) and the Benin West Africa Communications Infrastructure Program (FY13). (i) Retail price of internet services. Achieved. The retail price of internet services dropped to $50 (per Mbit/s per month) between 2010-2015, and dropped further to $30 in 2017. The target for 2016 was $80. (ii) Access to internet services. Achieved. Access to internet services increased from 1.80 subscribers per 100 people in 2011, to 25.17 by June 2017, exceeding the 2016 target of 4.20 per 100 people in 2016. For Official Use Only CLR Review 6 Independent Evaluation Group 15. The objective was Achieved. 16. Objective 5: Enhanced business environment. This objective, with three indicators, was primarily supported by the Competitiveness and Integrated Growth Opportunity project (FY08) and by the PRSCs 9 and 10 (FY14-15). IFC also supported this objective through its Benin Investment Climate program (FY13). (i) Number of new SMEs registered. Achieved. As of December 2017, the ISR for the FY08 project reports that 3,292 new businesses were formalized (against a target of 3,000 in 2016). (ii) Number of days to enforce a contract. Not Achieved. The CLR reports that this activity was not directly reflected in portfolio results. The 2017 Doing Business Report states that the number of days to enforce a contract was 750, against the CPS target of 650. (iii) Number of approved innovative PPP investments in critical service delivery areas. Achieved. Two PPP arrangements were signed as of December 2016 in line with the target. The CLR reports that four other PPPs were concluded for water services as part of joint Bank and IFC support for the Water and Sanitation program of Benin. IFC also advised the government on PPPs for a port project and in the health sector. 17. Two of the indicators were achieved and one was not achieved. However, taken together the three indicators would only cover some of the many important aspects making for an enhanced business environment, which was the stated objective. It also seems that no program interventions could reasonably be identified with the second indicator – number of days to enforce a contract - and hence any attribution is an issue. Additional information suggests that progress has been made in enhancing the business environment in Benin, but there are also areas that still need further improvements. According to the 2017 Doing Business Report, Benin ranks 151 (of 190) for the overall ratings, up from 174th place in the 2014 report, with significant relative improvements for some components (such as starting a business and dealing with construction permits), although some other components showed only modest improvements or declines (such as getting electricity and getting credit). The latest IMF country report (January 2018) notes that little progress has been made in addressing weaknesses in the doing business indicators, and addressing corruption and improving governance and transparency. On balance, this objective was Mostly Achieved. 18. Objective 6: Improved agricultural productivity and diversification. This objective, with four indicators, was primarily supported by the Agricultural Productivity and Diversification project (FY11), together with various items of TA for agricultural diversification, cotton sector policy, and land tenure policy. (i) Average yield (tons per ha) in project area. Mostly Achieved. The indicator aimed at a 15 percent increase in yield 2011-2016 for both rice and maize. For maize, this was more than achieved – an improvement of 83.3 percent (from 1.2 tons per ha to 2.2 tons per ha). For rice the average yield improved by 13.25 percent (from 4 tons per ha. to 4.53 tons per ha). The CLR does not explain how the dramatic increase in yield for maize was achieved. (ii) Average yield (tons per ha) of cash crops (pineapple and cashew) in project area (to increase by 15 percent in 2016). Achieved. The target was a 15 percent increase in yield 2011-2016 for both pineapple and cashew. Average yield was achieved for pineapple (from 50 to 60 tons per ha) and 38 percent for cashew (from 0.45 to 0.62 tons per ha). (iii) Quantity exported (tons) of cashew and pineapples in project area (to increase by 15 percent by 20 percent in 2016). Achieved. Between 2011 and mid 2017 the annual exports of pineapples increased from 20,000 to 74,000 tons (or 270 percent increase) and for cashews from 25,000 tons to 142,000 tons (or 468 percent increase). (iv) Share of project beneficiaries using improved technologies supported by project (to increase by 80 percent in 2018). Achieved. The share of project beneficiaries using improved For Official Use Only CLR Review 7 Independent Evaluation Group technologies disseminated through the project increased from 73.4 percent (March 2011) to 80 percent (as targeted) in June 2017. 19. Three indicators were achieved and one mostly achieved; thus, the objective was Mostly Achieved. However, the improvements were based on specific project areas and it is not clear whether such improvements are also happening in other parts of the country. 20. Objective 7: Improved natural resource management practices. This objective, with four indicators, was primarily supported by the Support to Protected Areas Management project (FY11) and its GEF related project (FY11), the Community-Based Coastal Marine Biodiversity project (FY08), and the Forests and Adjacent Land Management project (FY06) and its additional financing (FY13). (i) Scores from PA-METT [Protected Areas - Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool] for Pandjari National Park. Achieved. The score for this park increased from 85 (2011) to 94 by November 2017, above the target of 93. (ii) Communal marine and coastal biodiversity sites, including wetlands area are demarcated and protected. Achieved. Three biodiversity sites were created and demarcated under communal order and adopted by ministerial decree in October 2013. (iii) Number of threatened species identified in the baseline study of biodiversity which benefit from conservation measures. Achieved. The number of threatened species that benefit from conservation measures increased from 30 in 2011 to 35, in November 2017 in line with the target. (iv) Rehabilitation of degraded forests. Achieved. 8,059 ha of forests had been rehabilitated by November 2017, above the target of 7.700 ha. 21. All four indicators were achieved; thus, the objective was Achieved. 22. Objective 8: Labor skills development for youth. This objective, with one indicator, was primarily supported by the FY14 Youth Employment project and by two ASA for tertiary education capacity and training assessment (FY13) and gender and youth employment (FY14). (i) Youth supported by the project receiving professional certification. Partially Achieved. As of October 2017, 1,870 youth supported by the project received the Certificat de Qualification Professionelle, less than the 2018 target of 2,500. This target was set at the PLR, replacing the more ambitious CPS target of 3,000 youth employed in their area of training following project support. That earlier formulation would thus have addressed actual results of the training in terms of employment, and would also have measured better the objective. 23. This Objective was Partially Achieved. 24. Focus Area 2 was Moderately Satisfactory. Three objectives were achieved, one mostly achieved and two were partially achieved. There were improvements in transport and port services, access to IT services and natural resource management, but limited progress on increased access to power services, business environment, and labor skills development for youth. While there was progress in agricultural productivity and diversification, the improvements were specific to target areas and it is unclear whether such improvements are also happening in other parts of the country. Focus Area 3: Improving Service Delivery and Social Inclusion. This focus area had four objectives: (i) improved flood protection in urban areas; (ii) increased access to safety nets; (iii) improved access to primary education; and (iv) improved access to health and nutrition services. 25. Objective 9: Improved flood protection in urban areas. This objective, with one indicator, was supported primarily by the Emergency Urban Environment project of FY11 and its additional financing (FY14 and FY15), the Cities Support project (FY13), and the Global Index Insurance Facility Regulatory and Policy Capacity Building TA (FY16). For Official Use Only CLR Review 8 Independent Evaluation Group (i) Drainage network rehabilitated/constructed in the targeted municipalities. Achieved. At project completion 43.4 km of drainage network had been rehabilitated, against a 2018 target of 22 km. This indicator was introduced at the PLR, at which time the CPS objective was also renamed (from “Leveraging Environmental and Urban Sanitation Improvements”), and indicators were dropped regarding reduced percentages of household vulnerable to flooding, and number of alerts on flood risks per year using the flood early warning system put in place by the Emergency Urban Environment project. The PLR changes meant that the indicator focused only on project output. 26. The output indicator was achieved. However, this indicator does not sufficiently measure the stated objective of improved flood protection. Thus, this objective was Partially Achieved. 27. Objective 10: Increased access to safety nets. This objective, with two indicators, was primarily supported by the Decentralized Community Driven Services project (FY12) and its additional financing (FY14), by the Benin Poverty Assessment (FY15), and by TA for building a common national targeting and registry system (FY16). (i) Communities implementing safety nets program. Achieved. The latest ISR (October 2017) for the FY 14 project reports that 125 communities were implementing safety nets program (versus the target of 120 communities in 2017). (ii) Beneficiaries of safety nets programs. Achieved. There were 12,933 beneficiaries of safety net programs as of September 20127 (against of 12,000 in 2017). 28. Both indicators were achieved, and the objective was Achieved. 29. Objective 11: Improved access to primary education. This objective, with two indicators, was supported primarily by the Global Partnership for Education program (FY14) and education sector TA (FY17). (i) Gross primary intake rate for girls in deprived districts targeted by project support. Mostly Achieved. The gross primary intake rate for girls was 100.5 percent in 2011 and increased to 115.2 percent as of December 2017. There was no target rate (beyond “substantive increase”) as accurate estimates of baseline, actuals and target depended on then forthcoming census data. (ii) Primary education completion rate in targeted districts. Mostly Achieved. As of December 2017, the primary education completion rate in targeted districts reached 54.4 percent overall and 50.9 percent for girls. 30. Both indicators were mostly achieved, However, both indicators are for a limited number of districts with project support, and it is not clear how and/or when the positive results in these districts will lead to broader improvements nation-wide. On balance, this Objective was Mostly Achieved. 31. Objective 12: Improved access to health and nutrition services. This objective, with three indicators, was primarily supported by the FY10 Health System Performance project, the FY14 Multi-Sector Food, Health, Nutrition project and the FY11 Benin Community Nutrition project. (i) Number of additional children under one in project target areas completely immunized. Achieved. The number of immunized children reached 365,000 as of December 2016 against a target of 260,000. (ii) Number of communes engaged in scaling up community health, food and nutrition security interventions for women and children under five. Achieved. Ten communities were involved in scaling up these interventions, and new contracts are almost completed for 11 new communes. (iii) Children 0-23 months who benefit from a minimum package of monthly community-based growth promotion activities in targeted communes. Achieved. As of November 2017, 59.05 percent of children 0-23 months benefited from such a minimum package, against a target of 20 percent. The coverage has also expanded from 10 to 21 communes. However, at PLR For Official Use Only CLR Review 9 Independent Evaluation Group stage several indicators were dropped, including for assisted deliveries and number of communes engaged in scaling up interventions for women and children under five. 32. All three indicators were achieved; this objective was Achieved. 33. Focus Area 3 was Moderately Satisfactory. Of the four objectives, two of the objectives were Achieved, one Mostly Achieved, and one Partially Achieved. There was progress on increasing access to safety nets and improving access to health and nutrition services, and primary education; but limited progress on flood protection in urban areas. Some of the indicators under this focus area were narrowly concentrated on output rather than on outcomes, and/or based on results from Bank projects with limited sense of how and/or when such results have been replicated more broadly in the country. Overall Assessment and Rating 34. IEG rates the overall development outcome as Moderately Satisfactory. Of the 12 objectives, five were rated Achieved, three Mostly Achieved, and four Partially Achieved. Focus Area 1 was Moderately Unsatisfactory. The only objective focused on public financial management, and was thus not fully supportive of the much broader theme of this focus area. The six indicators showed a variable degree of progress: there were improvements on some aspects of budget management (timely submission of national accounts and transfers of funds to communes) and the publication of communal action plans (to deal with weaknesses identified by audits); but little or no progress on the execution rate of social priority expenditures, the unallocated percentage of the budget, and the investment budget execution rate. Focus Area 2 was Moderately Satisfactory. There were improvements for transport and port services, access to IT services, business environment, and natural resource management; but limited progress for increased access to power, and labor skills development for youth. Focus Area 3 was Moderately Satisfactory. There was progress on increasing access to safety nets, improving access to health and nutrition services, and access to primary education. Overall, some of the indicators were concentrated quite narrowly on output rather than on outcomes, and/or were based on results from Bank projects in specific target areas with limited sense of how and/or when such results might be replicated more broadly in the country. Objectives CLR Rating IEG Rating Moderately Moderately Focus Area 1: Governance and Public Sector Capacity Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Objective 1: Improved public sector capacity in public financial Partially Achieved Partially Achieved management Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Competitiveness and Moderately Satisfactory Employment Satisfactory Objective 2: Increased access to power services indicators Partially Achieved Partially Achieved Objective 3: Improved transport and port services Achieved Achieved Objective 4: Increased access to ICT services Achieved Achieved Objective 5: Enhanced business environment Mostly Achieved Mostly Achieved Objective 6: Improved agricultural productivity and diversification Achieved Mostly Achieved Objective 7: Improved natural resource management practices Achieved Achieved Objective 8: Labor skills development for youth Mostly Achieved Partially Achieved Moderately Focus Area 3: Improving Service Delivery and Social Inclusion Satisfactory Satisfactory Objective 9: Improved flood protection in urban areas Achieved Partially Achieved Objective 10: Increased access to safety nets Achieved Achieved Objective 11: Improved access to primary education Achieved Mostly Achieved Objective 12: Improved access to health and nutrition services Achieved Achieved For Official Use Only CLR Review 10 Independent Evaluation Group 6. WBG Performance Lending and Investments 35. At the beginning of the CPS period, the outstanding lending volume was $449 million for 15 lending operations, all Investment Project Financing (IPFs) including six regional operations. During the same period, there were also 12 approved trust funded operations for a total amount of $48.3 million. During the extended CPS period, IDA approved 19 lending operations for a total of $827 million. New lending commitments comprised 14 Investment Project Financing (IPF) including Additional Financing and two regional operations for $497.4 million, four Development Policy Financing (DPF) for $110 million, and one Program for Results (PforR) for $220 million. Five trust funded operations were also approved for $48.9 million. The planned CPS lending program for the five years FY13-17 was $490 million for 20 operations (of which $130 million for five DPFs). This program was implemented largely as planned, with some modifications including the cancellation of PRSC 11 due to limited government commitment and weak governance which undermined the policy reform program in important areas. 36. The closed portfolio showed mixed performance. Seven projects closed during the CPS period and were validated by IEG; of which three were rated Moderately Satisfactory, three Moderate Unsatisfactory and one Unsatisfactory. IEG rated the risk to development outcome as Significant for five of the seven operations. For Benin about 43 percent by number and 47 percent by amount were rated Moderately Satisfactory or higher – a lower percentage than the Africa region (68 percent by number and 76 percent by amount) or the Bank average (73 percent and 84 percent, respectively). 37. For the active portfolio, the disbursement ratio for Benin during the CPS period at 23.3 percent was a bit higher than for the Africa region (20 percent) and Bank-wide (18.8 percent). Benin’s commitments at risk were only 6 percent at the end of the CPS period after a declining trend during the period (an average of 14 percent compared to 32.7 percent for the Africa region and 22.9 percent for the Bank-average). The ongoing portfolio (including regional projects) shows good ISR self- ratings – 11 rated Satisfactory, seven Moderately Satisfactory, and only one each Moderately Unsatisfactory and Unsatisfactory. The average percentage by number for projects at risk at 13.7 percent for the CPS period has also been considerably lower than for the Africa region (25.9 percent) or the Bank average (24.2 percent). The generally positive ratings in the ISRs may indicate some potential for downgrading at exit given portfolio performance at exit. 38. IFC made net commitments of $225.9 million during the CPS period. The Global Trade Finance Program (GTFP), IFC’s short-term trade finance guarantees, accounted for 95.6 percent or $215.9 million of net commitments. There was only one long-term financing transaction for $10 million or 4.4 percent of total net commitments during the period. Since Benin is a small IDA country with a modest formal sector, it appears that IFC found it difficult to identify suitable private sector transactions for its core business of a long-term financing. IEG has not validated the development impact of any IFC investment projects by producing Evaluation Notes during the review period. MIGA did not make any new guarantees during this period. Analytic and Advisory Activities and Services 39. The CPS envisaged to use extensive analytical work to nurture policy dialogue in key sectors of the economy. Broadly, this seems to have been achieved. During the review period, the Benin program delivered a total of 20 pieces of ASAs, comprising eight items of economic and sector work (ESW) and 12 items of technical assistance (TA). The ESW work included a poverty assessment (FY15), a social capital study (FY15), a jobs assessment (FY17), and two sets of growth diagnostics policy notes – these two sets included a total of 13 notes. The TA covered a broad range of activities such as for public sector capacity building, safety nets, statistics, and cotton sector policy dialogue. The ongoing FY16 Public Investment Management and Governance Support project also contains major items of technical assistance for the strengthening of the public sector. The CLR reports that technical assistance has helped to define government programs and Bank operational work, and that the 13 policy notes served to brief the new government on key issues. For Official Use Only CLR Review 11 Independent Evaluation Group 40. During the review period, IFC approved seven new advisory service (AS) projects amounting to $4.1 million of IFC funds, and has carried out projects for SME development, the water sector, and for investment climate reforms. One AS was complementary to IFC investment operation as it supported existing IFC clients to develop SME business, while other AS projects supported PPP and helped improve the business environment. During the review period, IEG validated the ratings of the Project Completion Report (PCR) of an AS project and assigned Mostly Successful rating for Development Effectiveness. Results Framework 41. The original CPS results framework and updated at the PLR was of reasonable size and complexity in relation to the WBG program. Broadly, the results chains were logical, but had several shortcomings. In the aggregate, the PLR modifications led to a reduction in the level of ambition and a shifting of the relative weight of the indicators away from outcomes and towards stronger focus on outputs and processes. For example, indicators for Objective 2 (increased access to power services), shifted from indicators for power losses and electricity bill collection rates to indicators for transmission lines construction and adoption of lighting efficiency standards which could potentially contribute to improving access to power services but do not measure access. Some indicators under Objective 5 (enhanced business environment) would only cover some of the many important aspects for an improved investment climate, which was the stated objective. Also, some indicators were focused exclusively on the achievements of specific target areas under Bank-supported projects – as in the case of Objective 6 (improved agricultural productivity and diversification), with no clear broader program implications. Finally, there were broad objectives with a single indicator, which was insufficient to measure the stated objective (Objectives 8 and 9). Partnerships and Development Partner Coordination 42. Both the PLR and the CLR emphasized that the WBG has been an active partner in donor coordination and played a leading role representing the development partners with the government. According to the CLR, there has been good interaction among donors and good coordination in areas of common interest (in particular social sectors and agriculture), and the IMF and the Bank have coordinated closely on the economic reform agenda. Safeguards and Fiduciary Issues 43. The CLR is rather silent on environmental and social sustainability risks and impacts during implementation. Five IPF operations were closed and validated by IEG during the CPS, of which two triggered environmental and social safeguard policies. The ICRs and ICRRs for these two projects report satisfactory safeguards compliance, with adequate staffing, citizen engagement and consultations. The main weakness noted was a delay in implementation, in particular for one operation, due to ongoing municipal and presidential elections early in the implementation period, which affected the preparation, review and disclosure of safeguards instruments. No requests for investigation were submitted to the Inspection Panel during the CPS implementation period. 44. INT notes that within the Development Market Place for the African Diaspora in Europe Project a small number of grants were not verifiable, including one in Benin, illustrating more general capacity constraints in managing small grants in regional operations. Ownership and Flexibility 45. The CLR rightly notes that weak government commitment and weak governance undermined the policy reform program in important areas (such as public financial management) and made it more difficult to achieve reforms. As a consequence, while most of the planned program interventions were carried out as planned, the Bank delayed the disbursements under PRSC-10 and cancelled the planned PRSC-11. Even with this cancellation, there may be a question whether the PRSC program was carried out longer than fully justified. IEG’s ICR Review of PRSC-8 (FY13) noted that in the presence of significant resistance to reforms and high uncertainties, a stand-alone budget support operation would have been more appropriate than a programmatic series, and that it would have been even more appropriate to have switched the planned budget support operation to a For Official Use Only CLR Review 12 Independent Evaluation Group small technical assistance project. (IEG’s ICRR for the subsequent PRSC9-10 was Moderately Unsatisfactory.) The CPS had planned for the PLR to be produced 18-24 months into implementation, but the PLR was only produced on August 30, 2016 – more than four years into the period. Nonetheless, the WBG demonstrated flexibility, by extending the CPS period by one year through FY18, primarily to facilitate program responses to the then new government. The CLR notes but does not discuss this extension, which led to an overall CPS period of six years. WBG Internal Cooperation 46. The CPS was a partnership of the Bank, IFC and MIGA. However, the CPS program was heavily Bank-centric, with IFC mentioned in the results matrix only concerning PPPs, while the brief discussion in the text of the document described the three entities working largely along their separate lines. This picture did not change significantly at the PLR. Nonetheless, the CLR reports that the Bank and IFC have worked together on innovative PPP investments. It also states that the WBG was most effective when all its institutions work together, such as programs in water (PPPs) and SME financing. However, more upfront and proactive engagements by the Bank and IFC are necessary to identify and develop opportunities for collaboration. Risk Identification and Mitigation 47. The CPS and PLR identified and addressed appropriately the program risks, which were both external and internal. The identified external risks included that economic or policy changes in neighboring Nigeria can have a strong influence on the economy of Benin, and there were also possible regional security threats. These risks largely did not materialize during the CPS period. Internal risks included governance, limited institutional capacity, and possible shifts in budget policies. These risks materialized to some extent, but overall, the risk level has been moderate, although higher for the category “political and governance”, and as flagged in the SCD, political economy issues, elite capture and governance weaknesses may be the leading constraints to growth. Bank risk management has included timely policy notes, support for civil service improvements, and measures under budget support operations including for budget and debt service management. Also, as also rightly noted in the CLR, it is important to pay close attention to program implementation issues ahead of the PLR, and that the PLR needs to be conducted in a timely manner – not late in the planned cycle as was the case for the August 2016 PLR. Overall Assessment and Rating 48. Overall, IEG rates the WBG performance as Good. Design. The CPS as designed addressed important areas for Benin’s development, with an appropriate combination of lending and knowledge activities (ASA), with the latter generally linked to lending activities and policy discussions with the government. The program, while somewhat broad, had reasonable selectivity although it reflected new challenges identified in the government’s latest strategy document such as youth and female employment and the reduction of gender inequalities. The program contained a combination of PforR, policy-based and investment operations, with expected annual policy-based operations to go deeper into selected reform areas to be complemented by capacity building, but the CPS underestimated the risks for such operations of weak government commitment and weak governance. The CPS was prepared before the WBG’s corporate strategy spelled out the twin goals, but the program sought to address issues concerning both ending extreme poverty and supporting shared prosperity. Implementation. 49. At the PLR, the CPS period was also extended by one year, which led to an overall CPS period of six years in order to respond to the priorities of the new government at that time. The WBG demonstrated flexibility in this regard. During the extended CPS period, the program was implemented largely as planned, with some modifications for the DPLs, while there were changes to the results framework including the indicators that reduced the level of ambition of the program. The Benin portfolio showed mixed results. There was good interaction among donors and good coordination in areas of common interest. Overall, there were no safeguard or fiduciary issues. The For Official Use Only CLR Review 13 Independent Evaluation Group CPS had planned for the PLR to be produced 18-24 months into implementation, but it was only delivered on August 30, 2016 – more than four years into the period. 7. Assessment of CLR Completion Report 50. The CLR is well organized and well prepared, and it covers most important aspects. There is however no discussion of the regional operations– flagged in the CPS – and its contribution to the CPS objectives. The CLR could have discussed (and not only noted) the extension of the already long CPS period. It could also have commented on the apparent downgrading of some program ambitions at the PLR, and could have explained the reasons for an apparently huge increase in the yield for maize. 8. Findings and Lessons 51. The CLR presents three key lessons with which IEG agrees: (i) Weak governance and government commitment undermined the policy reform program in important areas such as public financial management, and difficult policy and institutional reforms; (ii) Investment programs targeting the poor have yielded results and have led to meaningful policy and institutional changes in the affected sectors; and (iii) The WBG has been most effective when all its institutions work together. 52. IEG adds the following lesson: • It is important to establish close coherence between program objectives and indicators, and for relevant indicators to cover the different dimensions of the objectives. In the case of Benin, the modifications at the PLR reduced the level of ambition of the program results where some indicators only covered parts of their stated objectives. In some cases, indicators were concentrated quite narrowly on process rather than on outcomes, and/or on the results from Bank projects with limited sense of how and/or when such results might be replicated more broadly in the country. Annexes CLR Review 15 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 1: Summary Achievements of CPS Objectives - Benin Annex Table 2: Planned and Actual Lending for Benin, FY13-FY18 Annex Table 3: Analytical and Advisory Work for Benin, FY13-FY18 Annex Table 4: Trust Funds Active for Benin, FY13-FY18 Annex Table 5: IEG Project Ratings for Benin, FY13-FY18 Annex Table 6: IEG Project Ratings for Benin and Comparators, FY13-18 Annex Table 7: Portfolio Status for Benin and Comparators, FY13-18 Annex Table 8: Disbursement Ratio for Benin, FY13-FY18 Annex Table 9: Net Disbursement and Charges for Benin, FY13-FY18 Annex Table 10: Total Net Disbursements of Official Development Assistance and Official Aid for Benin Annex Table 11: Economic and Social Indicators for Benin, FY13-FY16** Annex Table 12: List of IFC Investments in Benin Annex Table 13: List of IFC Advisory Services in Benin Annex Table 14: IFC net commitment activity in Benin, FY13 - FY18 Annex Table 15: List of MIGA Projects Active in Benin, 2013-2018 Annexes CLR Review 17 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 1: Summary Achievements of CPS Objectives - Benin CPS FY13-FY18: Cross-cutting Actual Results (Focus Area 1): Governance IEG Comments and Public Sector Capacity 1. CPS Objective: Improved public sector capacity in public financial management Indicator 1: Execution Rate of Various Technical Assistance (TA) such as At PLR stage the Social Priority Expenditures the Poverty Diagnostics and Statistics following indicators were (%) Regional TA (P157527, FY17, Activity removed: Baseline: (2011): 75 Completion Summary which reports on the Wage bill as a % of Tax Target: (2016): > 90 preparation of Poverty Updates and Policy revenues Notes for Benin); the Benin Medium-Term Baseline (2011): 46.8 Debt Management Strategy (MTDS) TA Target:(2016): < 40 (P157674, FY16); the Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Number of PEFA Report (PEMFAR) TA (P148121, FY15, Indicators rated B or Report); the Benin Debt Management better. Performance Assessment, DEMPA, TA Baseline: (2012): 7 (P163611, FY17, final Report) and the Target (2016): 15 Benin Statistical Capacity Building Trust Fund (TF) (P154314, FY16) supported this Number of PEFA sub- objective. indicators rated B or better. The lending operations that supported this Baseline (2012): 28 objective were the Poverty Reduction Target (2016): 40 Support Credit (PRSC) series 8 (P127441, FY13), 9 (P132786, FY14 and 10 The recently approved (P146665, FY15); the Public Investment First Fiscal Reform and Major Management and Governance Support Growth Credit (P160700, Outcome Project (P147014, FY16, last ISR: MU of FY18, see Program Measures December 2017). Document) will continue supporting reforms in As indicated in IEG ICRR: MS for the public financial PRSC-8, budget execution rates of priority management. No ISR social expenditures reached almost 101% was yet available to (compared to a target of above 90%) as of assess project’s 2013. progress. The CLR reports that the rate dropped to 81.2% in 2014 and that no IMF reports are IEG ICRR: MU for the available for 2015-2016 since the IMF did PRSC-9 and 10 series not have a program with the Government in does not report recent 2015 and 2016 and did not report on this. data on their execution However, the 2017 IMF Article IV Report rate. for Benin reports under-execution of social priority spending (CFAF 55.6 billion versus a target of CFAF 85.0 billion at end-June 2017 – a 65% execution rate. Not Achieved Indicator 2: Time required to IEG ICRR: MU for the PRSC-9 and 10 Indicator added at PLR submit national accounts to series reports that the time required to stage. the Chamber of Accounts submit national accounts to the Chamber of (months) Accounts decreased from 9 months to less Baseline (2012): 9 than 6 months, between 2012 and 2017. Target (2017): <6 Achieved Annexes CLR Review 18 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY18: Cross-cutting Actual Results (Focus Area 1): Governance IEG Comments and Public Sector Capacity Indicator 3: Unallocated IEG ICRR: MU the PRSC-9 and 10 series Indicator added at PLR percentage of budget (%) reports that the unallocated share of budget stage. Baseline (2012): 12.4 decreased from 12.4% (2012) to 10.4% Target (2017): <5 (2017). Partially Achieved Indicator 4: Investment budget IEG ICRR: MU for the PRSC-9 and 10 Indicator added at PLR execution rate series reports that important progress was stage. Baseline (2016): 66.3% made in public financial management with Target (2018): 72% outcomes indicating improved budget execution. However, the ICRR dot noes report data for budget execution rate. The execution rated of 89.2% (as of end of June 2017) reported in the CLR cannot be verified based on WBG projects. The CLR also reports that data for 2018 will only be available at end of first quarter of 2019 and that consequently, it is currently not possibly to rate this indicator. Not Verified Indicator 5: Fonds d’Appui au The Decentralized Community Driven Developpement des Services project (P117764, FY12) and its Communes (FADeC) transfers additional financing (P146597, FY14) to communes (days from the supported this indicator. The latest ISR: S published timetable) (October 2017) reports that average Baseline (2012): 39 number of days’ variation from the Target (2016): Maximum 15 published transfer schedules of FADeC transfers to communes decreased from 16 to 5 between December 2011 and October 2016. Achieved Indicator 6: Communes with The latest ISR: S (October 2017) of the audits and published action Decentralized Community Driven Services plans to correct any revealed project (P117764, FY12) reports that, as of deficiencies (%) September 2017, 100% of the communes Baseline (2011): 0 with up to date financial audits possess Target (2016): 90% published actions plans to correct any revealed deficiencies. Achieved Annexes CLR Review 19 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment 2. CPS Objective: Increased access to power services indicators Indicator 1: Infrastructure for The Increased Access to Modern Energy At PLR stage these 4 electricity distribution network Services project (P110075, FY09) and its indicators were added established (Km) additional financing supported this and the following Baseline (2012): 0 indicator. indicators were taken Target (2017): 50 Km The latest ISR: MS (January 2018) reports out: that 30km of transmission lines were - Reduction in power constructed as of January 2018 between losses in Benin’s Sakete and Porto-Novo but that the transmission and construction of the 260 km transmission distribution networks (% line (between Onigbolo and Parakou) and loss) associated power stations have not been Baseline (2012): 22 achieved. Target (2016): 17 Partially Achieved - Electricity bill collection rates (%) Baseline (2012): 60 Target (2016): 90 The 2nd Phase of the Coastal Transmission Backbone Sub-Program of the West African Major Power Pool Program Outcome (P094917, FY09) Measures supported the construction of 219km of transmission line between the Sakete transformer substation in Benin and the Togo/ Ghana boundary as of June 2016 (see ICR: U). The Energy Service Delivery Project (P079633, FY05, IEG: MU), reported in the CLR, supported the construction of 269km of distribution lines in the country, but by April 2011, before the CPS period. Indicator 2: Infrastructure for The latest ISR: MS (January 2018) of the electricity bill collection Increased Access to Modern Energy established Services project (P110075, FY09) reports Baseline (2012): 0 that 40,500 prepayment meters were installed, as of January 2048. Annexes CLR Review 20 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment Target (2017): 45,000 prepayment Mostly Achieved meters delivered and installation launched Indicator 3: Lighting efficiency The GEF Energy Efficiency Program standards developed and (P115064, FY09) financed the component applied related to efficient light bulbs and air- Baseline (2010): 0 conditioners in Benin. The latest ISR: MS Target (2016): Standards for at (January 2018) of project P110075 reports least 2 appliances that efficiency standards for Compact fluorescent light bulb (CFLs) and air conditions were developed and applied, as of June 2016. Achieved Indicator 4: Revision of the The Program Appraisal Document (PAD) In 2015, the Electricity international agreement on the for the Togo Energy Sector Support and sector Regulation Beninese-Togolese Electrical Investment Project (P160377, FY18) Authority (ARE, for Code and the law governing the reports that the Benin-Togo electricity code Autorité de Régulation Electricity Code in Benin was amended several times to remove the du secteur de Baseline (2010): No single buyer provision that gives l’Electricité) was created Target (2018): Yes Communauté Electrique du Bénin (CEB), (see the February, 27th the Benin-Togo Generation and 2015 decree). The CLR Transmission Power Utility, the sole right to reports that ARE is not buy electricity from independent power operational yet. producers (IPPs) in the two countries and that amendments were ratified in 2015 (see No information was Togo National Assembly information). found to confirm that, as reported in the CLR, the No other WBG document reports a revision review of the Law to the international agreement and the law governing electricity governing the electricity code in Benin. code in Benin is pending However, information retrieved from CEB (see Benin’s Ministry of indicates that the Beninese-Togolese Energy communique). Electrical Code was revised to 1) open production to IPPs, 2) confirm CEB as a single energy transporter and buyer; 3) authorize access to energy distribution network to third parties and to 4) modify the legal framework for the creation of the National Regulation Authority and for the preparation of the National Electricity codes. Partially Achieved 3. CPS Objective: Improved transport and port services Indicator 1: Port dwell time in The ASA Customs Assessment Trade At PLR the target was Cotonou (days) Toolkit (P127439, FY14, final report) and changed from 10 days Baseline (2012): 21.6 days the Trade Policy Note prepared on the Port (2016). Target (2018): 16 days Annexes CLR Review 21 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment of Cotonou in July 2013 supported this The CLR reports the objective. following baseline/target: Baseline (2009): 19 days The Abidjan-Lagos Trade and Transport Target (2017): 15 days Facilitation Project (P096407, FY10) also which differ from the supported this objective. IEG ICRR: MS target and baseline set at reports the implementation of a Single PLR. Window (see IEG comment) to reduce border crossing time (fully operational in Before the CPS period, 2013) and that Cotonou port dwell time was in 2009, the IFC reduced from 19 days to 14 days as of supported the June 2017. development of a public- Achieved private partnership (PPP, see project snapshot and presentation) to assist the Government meet its obligations under the concession agreement with a private operator to develop and operate a container terminal for the Port of Cotonou . In addition MIGA, in 2011, financed consulting services (project 9392, USD 8.9 million guarantee) to help set up a Single Window supporting reduction in port dwell times and information system integration. Indicator 2: Border crossing The Abidjan-Lagos Trade and Transport Indicator 2 was added at time of trucks/ merchandise Facilitation Project (P096407, FY10) PLR stage. along corridor (hours) Krake- supported this indicator. IEG ICRR: MS Seme: reports that border crossing time of trucks- The CLR reports the Baseline (2009): 48 hours merchandise along the Krake corridor following target which Target (2018): 40 decreased from 48 hours to 31 hours as of differs from the target set June 2017. at PLR stage: Achieved. Target (2017): 38 hours The CLR also reports progress for the following indicator dropped at PLR: Indicator 3 : Roadblocks per 100 kilometers along the Abidjan-Lagos corridor along the Benin segment Annexes CLR Review 22 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment Baseline: 7 (2009) Target: 3 (2017). The ICRR: MS for project P096407 reported that roadblocks/100km decreased to 3.7. 4. CPS Objective: Increased access to ICT services Indicator 1: Retail price of The E-government project (P113370, The CLR reports that the internet services (per Mbit/s per FY10) and the Benin West Africa retail price per MBits/s month, in US$) Communications Infrastructure Program, per month is between Baseline (2010): US$125 WARCIP APL 1C (P130184, FY13) USD 40 and USD 80, Target (2016): US$80 supported this objective. depending on the IEG ICRR: MS for the E-government technicality used. project reports that the retail price of internet services (including broadband) dropped from USD 325 to USD 50 between 2010 and 2015. IEG ICRR: MS for the WARCIP APL 1C reports that retail price of internet services dropped to USD 30 per Mbit/s per month, as of June 2017, after the arrival of the Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) submarine cable in 2016. Achieved Indicator 2: Access to internet IEG: MS for the WARCIP APL 1C reports IEG ICRR: MS for the E- services (number of that access to internet services increased government project also subscribers per 100 people) from 1.80 subscribers/100people to 25.17 reports that access to Baseline (2011): 1.80 subscribers/ 100 people at project closure internet services Target (2016): 4.20 (June 2017). (individuals using the Achieved internet) reached about 3% of the population at project closure (June 2015) compared to, as reported in the CLR, 12%, in 2016, and according to the World Development Indicators. 5. CPS Objective: Enhanced business environment Indicator 1: Number of new The Competitiveness and Integrated An Impact Evaluation of SMEs Registered Growth Opportunity Project (P104881, the Entreprenant Status Baseline (2012): 0 FY08) supported this Objective. The latest was carried out by the Target (2016): 3,000 ISR: S (December 2017) reports that 3,292 WBG (AAA P153242, new businesses were formalized under the FY16, see April 2017 “entreprenant’’ regime, as of December Brief and the Policy 2017. Research Working Paper). Annexes CLR Review 23 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment 99 ICT SMEs were also established, as of June 2015, through support from the E- The CLR also reported government project (P113370, FY10, ICR: that 10,324 SMEs, MS). including registered In addition, the Cross-Border Tourism and Entreprise personne Competitiveness Project (P149117, FY16, physique, benefited from latest ISR: S, March 2018) supports MSME WBG programs and that expansion but does not provide indicators 2,000 SMEs were related to their registration. formally registered using the streamlined As reported in the CLR, the IFC, through registration process of the Benin Investment Climate Program GUFE (Guichet Unique (FY13), supported the country in simplifying de Formalisation des legal regime – in the frame of Benin’s Entreprises, business participation in the Organization for the registration one-stop- Harmonization of Business Law in Africa shop), and 495 MSMEs (OHADA) to encourage MSMEs to join the were registered at CGA formal sector and the launching of the (Centres de Gestion entreprenant status, which took place in Agrée, a semi-private 2015 (see IFC Brief). organization specializing Achieved in tax filling and payment support). This information could not be verified by IEG. Indicator 2: Number of days to The CLR reports that this activity is not At PLR stage, this enforce a contract directly reflected in portfolio results but that indicator was slightly Baseline (2012): 825 the expected reforms of the Tribunal de changed from the Target (2016): 650 Commerce (Court), supported by the PRSC original indicator: series, should positively influence the time Number of days to for contract enforcement as well as the enforce a contract (and PPP law to be approved by the parliament cost as % of claim): –IEG ICRR: MU for the PRSC-9 and 10 Baseline (2012): 825 series reports that the PPP Law was not (64.7%) adopted. The ICRR does not report on Target (2016): 650 (50%) progress for contract enforcement. Management ICR : MU Finally, as reported in Doing Business reports that a reports, the number of days to enforce a Competition Act was contract decreased from 795 (see 2012 prepared and submitted report) to 750 in 2017 (see 2017 report). to the National Assembly Not Achieved and that a Ministerial Order identifying the Registry of Commerce and Credit at the Court of First Instance, in Cotonou, as the sole registry for recording all collateral and leasing arrangements was adopted. Annexes CLR Review 24 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment Indicator 3: Number of approved IEG ICRR: MU for the PRSC-9 and 10 Feasibility studies for innovative PPP investments in series reports that two PPP arrangements PPP projects were in the critical service delivery areas or contracts were concluded as of process of finalization, (supported by WBG) December 2016. including for the new Baseline: (2012): 0 airport, three dams and Target (2016): 2 As reported in the CLR, four others PPPs the dry ports. were concluded for rural water services, The December 2017 over three sites (Gouounou, Sakété, ISR: S of the Zogbodomey) as part of the joint WB and Competitiveness and IFC support by the Water and Sanitation Integrated Growth Program (WSP); the IFC advised on a PPP Opportunity Project transaction in 2012 and four concession (P104881, FY08) reports agreements were signed in 2014 with an that the project supports estimated total cost of US$1.1 million (see PPP project preparation IFC PPP Series and WBG-IFC Case Study and that 5 feasibility report). The IFC also concluded PPP studies for government investments for the Port of Cotonou priority PPP projects terminal (see IFC PPP Series), and in the (including Glo-Djigbé health sector (Benin Health PPP, FY12). new airport, Vossa and Achieved Beterou Dams and two new dry ports have been elaborated). 6. CPS Objective: Improved agricultural productivity and diversification Indicator 1: Average yield The Agricultural Productivity and Various TA supported (tons/ha) of food crops (rice, Diversification Project (P115886, FY11) the agriculture sector maize) in project area supported this Objective. The latest ISR: S such as: Baseline (2011): 4.0 tons/ha (March 2018) reports that, between 2011 - the Benin Agricultural (rice): 1.2 tons/ha (maize) and December 2017, the average yield of Diversification Target (2016): 15% increase rice increased from 4 tons/ha to 4.53 (P115822, FY13, final tons/ha (13.25% increase) and that the report) average yields of maize increased from - the Benin Cotton 1.20 tons/ha to 2.20 tons/ha (83.3% Sector Policy Dialogue increase). (P154104, FY14, Mostly Achieved report) - the Review of Land Indicator 2: Average yield The latest ISR: S (March 2018) of project Tenure Policy (tons/ha) of cash crops P115886 reports that between 2011 and (P161412, FY16, final (pineapple and cashew) in December 2017, the average yield of report) project area pineapple increased from 50 tons/ha to 60 Baseline (2011): 50 tons/ha tons/ha (20% increase) and that the average The recently approved pineapple; 0.45 tons/ha cashew yields of cashew increased from 0.45 First Fiscal Reform and Target (2016): 15% increase tons/ha to 0.62 tons/ha (38% increase). Growth Credit (P160700, Achieved FY18, see Program Document) has one prior action related to the creation of decentralized, crop-specific development agencies to promote the development Annexes CLR Review 25 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment of value chains (prioritized value chains include cotton, maize, rice, cassava pineapple and cashew) and boost productivity. As reported in the CLR, the Ministry of Agriculture was strengthened: it currently monitors, through the Ministry’s Monitoring and Evaluation System, 100% of its program (baseline was 55% in 2011) and the agriculture sector program budget execution was 79% in 2017 (compared to 45% in 2011) as reported in the September 2017 ISR: S of Project P115886. Indicator 3: Quantity exported of The latest ISR: S (March 2018) of project This represents a cashew and pineapples in P115886 reports that between 2011 and diversification relative to project area (t) December 2017, the quantity of exported cotton exports, whose Baseline (2011): 20,000 tons pineapples increased from 20,000 tons to share in total exports (pineapples); 25,000 t/ha cashew 74,000 tons (270% increase) and that the decreased from 29.5% to Target (2016): 20% increase (i.e. quantity of exported cashews increased 25.2 % in the same 24,000 tons (pineapples); 30,000 from 25,000 tons to 142,000 tons (468% period. t/ha cashew) increase). IEG ICRR: MU for the Achieved PRSC-9 and 10 series reports that the value of non-cotton agricultural exports increased from CFAF 65 billion to CAF 162.94 billion between 2012 and 2017 but that it is unclear how this result can be attributed to the series. Indicator 4: Share of project The latest ISR: S (March 2018) of project This indicator was added beneficiaries using improved P115886 reports that the share of project at PLR stage. technologies supported by beneficiaries using improved technologies project disseminated though the project increased Baseline (2011): 0 from 73.40% (March 2011) to 80% (June Target (2018): 80% 2017). Achieved Annexes CLR Review 26 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment 7. CPS Objective: Improved natural resource management practices Indicator 1: Scores from PA- The Support to Protected Areas METT for Pendjari National Park Management Project (P122419, FY11) and Baseline (2011): 85 GEF related project (P115963, FY11) Target (2017): 93 support this indicator. The latest ISR: MS (December 2017) of project P122419 reports that the score for the GEF Protected Areas – Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (PA-MET) for the Pendjari Park increased from 85 to 94 between 2011 and November 2017. Achieved Indicator 2: Communal marine The Community-Based Coastal Marine The CLR reports that 4 and coastal biodiversity sites, Biodiversity Project (P071579, FY08) sites were demarcated including wetlands areas are supported this indicator. IEG ICRR: U and protected in Bouche demarcated and protected reports that three Community-Based du Roy, Vodounto, Baseline (2011): 0 Biodiversity Conservation Areas (CBCA) Togbin-Adounko, Bymins Target (2016): 3 were established in biodiversity priority and that 4 other sites are sites (Vodounto in the Commune of in progress. Ouidah; Bamezoun in the Commune of Aguégués/Dangbo and Togbin-Adounko in the Commune of Abomey-Calavi). They were created and demarcated under communal order and adopter by ministerial decree on October 2013. Achieved Indicator 3: Number of The Forests and Adjacent Land At PLR stage the threatened species identified in Management Project (P069896, FY06) and baseline and target were the baseline study of its additional financing (P132431, FY13) changed from the biodiversity which benefits supported this Indicator. The latest ISR: S original: from conservation measures (December 2017) reports that the number Baseline (2011): 5 Baseline (2011): 30 of threatened species identified in the Target (2016): 20 Target (2018): 35 baseline study on biodiversity that benefit from conservation measures increased from 30 to 35, as of November 2017. Achieved Indicator 4: Rehabilitation of The latest ISR: S (December 2017) of This indicator was added degraded of forests (ha) project P069896 reports that the 8, 059 at PLR stage. Baseline (2011): 0 hectares of forests were rehabilitated, as of Target (2016): 7,700 Hectares November 2017. The CLR reports the Achieved following baselines, not reported at PLR stage: Baseline (2006): 0 Baseline AF (2012) 5,800 Annexes CLR Review 27 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY17: Focus Area 2: Sustainable Growth, Actual Results IEG Comments Competitiveness and Employment 8. CPS Objective: Labor Skills Development for Youth Indicator 1: Youth supported by Two ASA supported this objective: the At PLR stage this the project receiving Tertiary Education Capacity and Training indicator was modified professional certification Assessment (P119788, FY13) and the from the original Baseline (2014): 0 Gender and Youth Employment (P147780, indicator: Target (2018): 2,500 FY17). Number of youth The Youth Employment Project (P132667, employed FY14) also supported this indicator. The in their area of training latest ISR: MS (April 2018) reports that the following support from number of youth supported by the project the receiving the Certificat de Qualification project Professionnelle reached 1,870 people as of Baseline (2013) 0 October 2017. Target (2016) 3000 Partially Achieved CPS FY13-FY18: Focus Area 3: Improving Service Delivery and Actual Results IEG Comments Social Inclusion 9. CPS Objective: Improved flood protection in urban areas Indicator 1: Drainage network The Global Index Insurance Facility (GIIF) The CLR reports the rehabilitated/constructed in the Regulatory and Policy Capacity Building TA following target which targeted municipalities (P130676, FY16) and the Emergency differs from the PLR (Kilometers) Urban Environment Project (P113145, target: Baseline (2011): 0 FY11) and its additional financing projects Target (2018): 21 Target (2018): 22 (updated (P148628, FY14 and P154601, FY15) (updated indicator) indicator) supported this Objective. Management ICR: S for project P113145 reports that This objective was 43.40 km of drainage network were renamed at PLR: its rehabilitated as of October 2017. original name was “ Leveraging The Cities Support Project (P122950, Environmental and Major FY13) also supported this objective. The Urban Sanitation Outcome latest ISR: S (December 2017) reports that Improvements”. Measures 62.50km of drainage and anti-erosion flood reduction works were rehabilitated or At PLR stage, the constructed as of November 2017. following indicators were Achieved taken out: - % reduction of households vulnerable to flooding in the targeted municipalities as a result of improved infrastructure Baseline (2011): 70 % Target (2016): 30 % - Number of alerts on flood Annexes CLR Review 28 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY18: Focus Area 3: Improving Service Delivery and Actual Results IEG Comments Social Inclusion risks per year using the Flood Early Warning System on the Oueme River put in place by the Benin Emergency Urban Environment Project Baseline (2011): 0 Target (2015): 20 alerts 10. CPS Objective: Increased access to safety nets Indicator 1: Communities The Benin Poverty Assessment (P118054, At PLR stage these two implementing safety nets FY15, Report) and the Building a Common indicators were added program National Targeting and Registry System for and the following Baseline (2011): 0 Safety Net and Health Interventions in indicator was taken out: Target (2017): 120 Benin TA (P146298, FY16, see final report) supported this objective. Temporary employment created in labor-intensive The Decentralized Community Driven public works safety nets Services Project (P117764, FY12) and its projects additional financing (P146597, FY14) also Baseline (2012): 0 supported this Objective. The latest ISR: S Target (2016): 1.3 million (October 2017) reports that 125 person days communities were implementing safety nets programs, as of September 2017. Achieved Indicator 2: Beneficiaries of The latest ISR: S (October 2017) of the safety nets programs (number) Decentralized Community Driven Services Baseline (2011): 0 Project reports 12,933 beneficiaries of Target (2017): 12,000 social safety net programs, as of September 2017. Achieved 11. CPS Objective: Improved access to primary education Indicator 1: Gross Primary The Benin Education Sector TA (P153478, The CLR reported the Intake Rate for girls in deprived FY17) and the Global Partnership for following target that was districts targeted by project Education program (P129600, FY14) not reported at PLR support (%) support this Objective. stage: The latest ISR: MS (December 2017) Target (2018): 117% Baseline (2011): 100.5% reports that gross primary intake rate for (Global partnership for Target (2018): Substantive girls in the deprived districts reached Education June 2017 ISR increase* 115.20%, as of December 2017 (15% (*accurate estimate of baseline, increase). At PLR, this indicator actuals and target depends on Achieved was changed from the forthcoming census data) following: Percentage of female students in primary school (gender ratio) Baseline (2011/12): 47% Target (2016/17): 50% Annexes CLR Review 29 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY18: Focus Area 3: Improving Service Delivery and Actual Results IEG Comments Social Inclusion Indicator 2: Primary education The Global Partnership for Education The CLR reported the completion rate in targeted program (P129600, FY14) supports this following target that was districts Objective. not reported at PLR Baseline (2011): 40.40% (Girls The latest ISR: MS (December 2017) stage: 34.3) reports that primary education completion Target (2018): 56.50% Target (2018): Substantive rate in targeted districts reached 54.40% and which is the project’s increase* (35% increase), and 50.90% for girls (33% target. (*accurate estimate of baseline, increase) as of December 2017. actuals and target depends on Achieved At PLR, this indicator forthcoming census data) was changed from the following: Primary completion rate (%) disaggregated by gender Baseline (2011/12): Total 71.5, Girls 65.8 Target (2016/17): Overall 85, Girls 81 12. CPS Objective: Improved access to health and nutrition services Indicator 1: Number of The Health System Performance Project At PLR, the additional children (under 1) in (P113202, FY10) supported this indicator. baseline/target were project target areas completely Management ICR: MS reports that the changed from: immunized number of children immunized reached Baseline (2011): 170,000 Baseline (2011): 0 380,000 as of June 2017. Target (2016): 230,000 Target (2018): 260,000 Achieved Indicator 2: Number of The Multi-Sector Food, Health Nutrition Other projects communes engaged in scaling Project (P143652, FY14) supported this contributed to Objective up community health, food and indicator. 12: nutrition security interventions The latest ISR: S (November 2017) reports - The Building for women and children under that 10 communes were involved in stewardship capacity for five scaling-up community health, food and food and nutrition Baseline: (2012): 0 nutrition security interventions for women policies and programs Target (2018): 7 and children under 5, as of November Trust Fund (P131975, 2017, and that new contracts are almost FY14) completer for 11 new communes. - The Nutrition Sensitive Achieved Agriculture and Capacity Building of Small & Indicator 3: Children 0-23 The Benin Community Nutrition (P124191, Marginal Farmers Project months who benefit from a FY11) and the Multi-Sector Food, Health (P155822, FY16) minimum package of monthly Nutrition Project (P143652, FY14) - The Impact Evaluation community-based growth supported this indicator. of Health Result-Based promotion activities in targeted The latest ISR: S (May 2018) of project Financing in Benin communes P143652 reports that 82.47% of the (P125066, FY17) Baseline (2013): 0 children 0-23 months benefited from a Target (2018): 20% minimum package of monthly community- At PLR stage the based growth promotion activities in following indicators were targeted communes as of April 2018. removed: - Rate of assisted deliveries Annexes CLR Review 30 Independent Evaluation Group CPS FY13-FY18: Focus Area 3: Improving Service Delivery and Actual Results IEG Comments Social Inclusion The ISR also reports that the coverage of among all pregnant children 0-23 months expanded to 40 women communes. Baseline (2011): 84% Achieved (DHS) Target (2016: 92% - Number of communes engaged in scaling up community health, food and nutrition security interventions for women and children under five Baseline: (2012): 0 Target (2016): 7 - Number of community workers (% of whom are female) trained in community health and nutrition Baseline (2012): 0 Target (2016): 2,000 (at least 50% women) Annexes CLR Review 31 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 2: Planned and Actual Lending for Benin, FY13-FY18 Approved Proposed Approval Closing Proposed Project ID Project name IDA FY FY FY Amount Amount Project Planned Under CPS/PLR FY13-18 CPS P122950 BJ-Cities Support Project 2013 2013 2020 60 60 P127441 BJ-PRSC 8-Eighth Poverty Reduction Suppo 2013 2013 2014 30 30 P132431 BJ-Forest & Adjacent Land Mgmt Addit Fin 2013 2013 2018 2 2 P130184 WARCIP APL 1C - Benin 2013 2013 2017 12 35 P132667 BJ-Youth Employment (FY14) 2014 2014 2018 35 35 P132786 BJ PRSC 9 Poverty Reduction Support Cdt. 2014 2014 2015 30 20 P143652 BJ Food, Health and Nutrition Project 2014 2014 2020 30 28 P126974 African Centers of Excellence 2014 2014 2020 5 8 P146665 PRSC-10 2015 2015 2016 20 20 DROPPED Regional Adjarala Hydropower 2015 20 P154601 Benin Emergency Urban Env. 2nd Add. Fin. 2016 2015 2018 30 40 DROPPED PRSC-11 2016 20 P147014 BJ-Public Investment Management and Gov 2017 2016 2022 30 P149117 Benin Cross Border Tourism & Competitive 2015 2016 2022 50 50 Benin Water and Urban Septage P156738 2017 2017 2023 68 Management P160029 PADA Additional Financing 2017 2017 2021 45 P161015 ESIP 2017 2017 2024 60 P164186 BJ-Rural Water Supply Universal Access 2017 2018 2024 220 P160700 First Fiscal Reform and Growth Credit 2017 2018 2019 40 Total Planned 344 791 Approved Proposed Approval Closing Proposed Project ID Project name IDA FY FY FY Amount Amount Unplanned Projects during the CPS Period P146597 BJ-PSDCC Additional Financing 2014 2018 30 P148628 Benin Emergency Urban Env. Addit. Fin. 2014 2018 6.4 Total Unplanned 36.4 Approved Approval Closing On-going Projects during the CPS/PLR Period IDA FY FY Amount P079633 BJ-Energy Srvc Delivery APL (FY05) 2005 2013 45 P094917 3A-WAPP APL 1 (CTB Phase 2) Project 2006 2016 15 P093806 3A-Niger Basin Water Resources 2008 2018 9 P104881 Compet & Integrated Growth Opportunity 2008 2018 25 P108583 3A-AirTransportPhase II-B APL(FY09) 2009 2013 16 P110075 BJ-Increased Access to Energy SIL 2009 2018 70 P096407 3A-Abidjan-Lagos Trade & Transp. Facilit 2010 2017 75 P113202 BJ-Health System Performance proj (FY10) 2010 2017 22.8 P113370 eBenin Project 2010 2015 15 Annexes CLR Review 32 Independent Evaluation Group P112456 Regional Trade Facilitation Project II 2011 2015 7.5 P113145 Benin Emergency Urban Env. Pr. 2011 2018 50 P115886 BJ: Agricultural Diversification 2011 2021 31 P122065 West Africa Agric Prod Progrm (WAAPP-1C) 2011 2020 16.8 P122419 BJ-Support to Protected Areas Manag. Pro 2011 2018 5 P117764 BJ-Decentralized Community Driven Servic 2012 2018 46 Total On-going 449 Source: CPS and PLR, WB Business Intelligence Table 2a.1, 2a.4 and 2a.7 as of 05/30/18 *LIR: Latest internal rating. MU: Moderately Unsatisfactory. MS: Moderately Satisfactory. S: Satisfactory. HS: Highly Satisfactory. Annex Table 3: Analytical and Advisory Work for Benin, FY13-FY18 Proj ID Economic and Sector Work RAS Fiscal year Output Type P127439 Benin: Customs Assessment Trade Toolkit No FY14 Sector or Thematic Study/Note P132801 BJ Policy Notes - Tax Base/Public Invest No FY14 Sector or Thematic Study/Note P118054 BJ-Poverty Assessment No FY15 Poverty Assessment (PA) P132787 BJ Social Capital Study No FY15 Sector or Thematic Study/Note P145228 Benin: DTIS Update No FY15 Sector or Thematic Study/Note P151582 Growth Diagnostics Policy Notes No FY16 Sector or Thematic Study/Note P151653 Benin Jobs Assessment No FY17 Sector or Thematic Study/Note P157158 Growth Diagnostics Policy Notes No FY17 Sector or Thematic Study/Note Proj ID Technical Assistance RAS Fiscal year Output Type P127410 BJ-Safety nets TA No FY13 Technical Assistance P129262 Benin Use of Country System No FY14 Technical Assistance P132114 Capacity Building for PPP and SS-DPSP No FY15 Technical Assistance P143811 Public Sector Capacity Building No FY15 Technical Assistance P146739 Benin -- Trade facilitation TA No FY15 Technical Assistance P148121 Benin PEMFAR No FY15 Technical Assistance P152764 BJ- Statistics TA No FY15 Technical Assistance P146298 BJ Safety Nets Systems TA No FY16 Technical Assistance P152068 Support to ARMP for eprocurement No FY16 Technical Assistance P154104 Benin Cotton Sector Policy Dialogue No FY16 Technical Assistance P157674 Benin MTDS No FY16 Technical Assistance P154359 Infrastructure Competitiveness No FY17 Technical Assistance Source: WB Business Intelligence 05/30/18 Annexes CLR Review 33 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 4: Trust Funds Active for Benin, FY13-FY18 Project Approval Closing Approved Project name TF ID ID FY FY Amount P069896 Forests and Adjacent Lands Management Project TF 57165 2007 2013 6,000,000 Community-Based Coastal and Marine Biodiversity P071579 TF 91739 2009 2014 4,300,000 Management Project P113202 Health System Performance TF 96654 2010 2017 11,000,000 P110075 Increased Access to Modern Energy TF 94664 2010 2016 1,818,182 P115886 Agricultural Productivity and Diversification TF 99692 2011 2015 15,000,000 P115963 Support to Protected Areas Management TF 99643 2011 2018 1,900,000 P124191 Benin Community Nutrition TF 97920 2011 2016 2,797,781 P119962 BEIA-Promotion of Social Biofuels in Benin TF 96657 2011 2014 90,155 P122775 Implementation of AML/CFT for Benin TF 98975 2011 2014 427,985 SUPPORT TO APICULTURAL PROMOTION P116598 TF 10242 2012 2016 2,565,316 PROJECT Institutional Strengthening of the Ministry of P124077 TF 99838 2012 2015 481,750 Development P110075 Increased Access to Modern Energy TF 99823 2012 2014 2,000,000 P131051 Benin AF Forest and Adjacent Land Management TF 14109 2013 2018 5,555,556 Building stewardship capacity for food and nutrition P131975 TF 14714 2013 2017 745,817 policies and programs P129600 Benin Global Partnership for Education Program TF 16846 2014 2016 24,000,000 P129600 Benin Global Partnership for Education Program TF 16842 2014 2018 18,300,000 P154314 Benin Statistical Capacity Building TF A4794 2017 2019 264,040 Total 97,246,582 Source: Client Connection as of 05/30/18 ** IEG Validates RETF that are 5M and above Annex Table 5: IEG Project Ratings for Benin, FY13-FY18 Exit Total Proj ID Project name IEG Outcome IEG Risk to DO FY Evaluated ($M) * BJ-Energy Srvc Delivery APL MODERATELY 2013 P079633 45.9 SIGNIFICANT (FY05) UNSATISFACTORY BJ-GEF Com.-Based Coastal 2014 P071579 4.6 UNSATISFACTORY SIGNIFICANT Marine Biodiv. BJ-PRSC 8-Eighth Poverty MODERATELY 2014 P127441 30.5 MODERATE Reduction Suppo SATISFACTORY MODERATELY 2015 P113370 eBenin Project 14.5 SIGNIFICANT SATISFACTORY MODERATELY 2017 P130184 WARCIP APL 1C - Benin 33.9 Not Rated SATISFACTORY BJ PRSC 9 Poverty Reduction MODERATELY 2015 P132786 20.0 SIGNIFICANT Support Cdt. UNSATISFACTORY BJ PRSC 10 Poverty Reduction MODERATELY 2016 P146665 20.0 SIGNIFICANT Support Cdt. UNSATISFACTORY Total 169.4 Source: WB Business Intelligence 06/09/18 Annexes CLR Review 34 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 6: IEG Project Ratings for Benin and Comparators, FY13-18 RDO % RDO % Total Total Outcome Outcome Moderate or Moderate or Region Evaluated Evaluated % Sat ($) % Sat (No) Lower Lower ($M) (No) Sat ($) Sat (No) Benin 169.4 7.0 47.0 43.0 23.0 17.0 AFR 20,083.9 372.0 76.0 67.8 34.4 30.8 World 104,937.1 1,223.0 84.6 72.9 53.7 43.3 Source: WB Business Intelligence 06/09/18, IEG Calculations 1)The total evaluated amount is understated because it does not include the net commitments of trust fund projects evaluated by IEG. 2) Data for 2018 is as of June 2018. * Refer to Annex Table 5 for IEG project ratings. Annex Table 7: Portfolio Status for Benin and Comparators, FY13-18 Fiscal year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Ave FY13-18 Benin # Proj 11.0 13.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 11.0 12.3 # Proj At Risk 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.7 % Proj At Risk 27.3 15.4 8.3 7.7 14.3 9.1 13.7 Net Comm Amt 366.8 440.6 465.6 525.6 665.8 720.3 530.8 Comm At Risk 126.0 79.4 25.0 54.4 65.0 30.0 63.3 % Commit at Risk 34.4 18.0 5.4 10.3 9.8 4.2 13.7 Africa # Proj 403.0 438.0 458.0 474.0 502.0 539.0 469.0 # Proj At Risk 106.0 115.0 111.0 124.0 135.0 139.0 121.7 % Proj At Risk 26.3 26.3 24.2 26.2 26.9 25.8 25.9 Net Comm Amt 40,799.0 46,621.7 51,993.5 56,089.8 61,022.2 68,375.9 54,150.4 Comm At Risk 13,938.0 16,171.5 15,372.2 18,235.0 19,934.3 20,907.8 17,426.5 % Commit at Risk 34.2 34.7 29.6 32.5 32.7 30.6 32.4 World # Proj 1,337.0 1,386.0 1,402.0 1,398.0 1,459.0 1,504.0 1,414.3 # Proj At Risk 339.0 329.0 339.0 336.0 344.0 369.0 342.7 % Proj At Risk 25.4 23.7 24.2 24.0 23.6 24.5 24.2 Net Comm Amt 169,430.6 183,153.9 191,907.8 207,350.0 212,502.9 222,662.7 197,834.6 Comm At Risk 39,638.0 39,748.6 44,430.7 42,715.1 50,837.9 50,820.9 44,698.5 % Commit at Risk 23.4 21.7 23.2 20.6 23.9 22.8 22.6 Source: WB Business Intelligence 05/31/18 Note: Only IBRD and IDA Agreement Type are included Annexes CLR Review 35 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 8: Disbursement Ratio for Benin, FY13-FY18 Fiscal Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Overall Result Benin Disbursement Ratio 9.4 27.9 25.7 43.8 28.6 14.8 24.2 Inv Disb in FY 24.8 83.9 70.9 107.2 61.4 51.4 399.6 Inv Tot Undisb Begin FY 265.0 300.9 275.3 244.7 215.0 347.9 1,648.8 AFR Disbursement Ratio 22.1 22.8 24.2 19.4 20.9 15.8 20.6 Inv Disb in FY 5,299.0 5,733.5 6,065.1 5,161.2 5,786.0 4,988.0 33,032.7 Inv Tot Undisb Begin FY 23,950.4 25,191.6 25,054.6 26,631.7 27,741.7 31,630.2 160,200.2 World Disbursement Ratio 19.8 20.2 21.2 18.8 19.8 16.6 19.3 Inv Disb in FY 19,050.0 19,414.2 20,317.9 19,401.1 20,568.5 17,710.8 116,462.5 Inv Tot Undisb Begin FY 96,038.8 96,254.9 95,816.0 103,447.2 103,705.0 106,971.0 602,232.8 * Calculated as IBRD/IDA Disbursements in FY / Opening Undisbursed Amount at FY. Restricted to Lending Instrument Type = Investment. Source: WB Business Intelligence 05/31/18 Annex Table 9: Net Disbursement and Charges for Benin, FY13-FY18 Period Disb. Amt. Repay Amt. Net Amt. Charges Fees Net Transfer FY13 78.5 1.2 77.3 - 3.2 74.2 FY14 151.3 1.4 149.9 - 3.9 146.0 FY15 115.7 2.7 113.0 - 4.4 108.6 FY16 143.9 4.2 139.7 - 5.1 134.6 FY17 72.2 5.0 67.3 - 5.7 61.6 FY18 102.1 6.5 95.6 - 6.4 89.2 Report Total 663.8 20.9 642.9 - 28.6 614.3 Source: World Bank Client Connection as of 05/31/18 Annexes CLR Review 36 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 10: Total Net Disbursements of Official Development Assistance and Official Aid for Benin Development Partners 2013 2014 2015 2016 All Donors, Total 660.2 599.32 430.14 492.89 DAC Countries, Total 254.03 252.51 184.17 221.93 Australia 0.31 0.05 0.03 0.04 Austria 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.06 Belgium 24.15 21.15 19.56 19.94 Canada 4.8 5.43 6.63 7.98 Czech Republic 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 Denmark 16.7 -4.64 -0.68 0 Finland 0.16 0.11 0.07 0.04 France 37.89 36.51 27.86 27.62 Germany 50.97 77.71 38.38 39.84 Hungary .. .. 0 0 Ireland 0.16 0.15 0.03 0.02 Italy 1.91 1.42 2.37 1.34 Japan 33.52 10.2 12.9 10.92 Korea 0.1 0.1 0.12 0.23 Luxembourg 1.32 1.44 1.04 0.98 Netherlands 37.78 42.58 17.75 29.73 Norway .. .. 0.02 0.02 Poland .. .. 0.01 .. Slovak Republic 0.02 0.02 0.01 .. Spain 0.62 0.61 0.16 0.66 Sweden 0.89 0.86 0.65 0.86 Switzerland 19.05 19.59 21.61 23.49 United States 23.62 39.17 35.62 58.14 Multilaterals, Total 397.84 336.96 239.83 267.8 EU Institutions 78.95 72.18 48.27 47.78 International Monetary Fund, Total 15.19 8.6 -8.42 -9.65 IMF (Concessional Trust Funds) 15.19 8.6 -8.42 -9.65 Regional Development Banks, Total 90.13 54.33 40.72 50.65 African Development Bank, Total 82.77 50.1 31.92 47.79 African Development Bank [AfDB] 0.03 0.03 0 0.04 African Development Fund [AfDF] 82.74 50.08 31.92 47.75 Islamic Development Bank [IsDB] 7.36 4.22 8.8 2.86 United Nations, Total 16.78 18.02 17.41 16.6 Food and Agriculture Organisation [FAO] 0.73 .. .. .. International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] 0.52 0.28 0.35 0.44 IFAD 1.82 3.68 1.94 0.37 International Labour Organisation [ILO] 0.32 0.27 0.33 0.24 UNAIDS 0.38 0.37 0.48 0.48 Annexes CLR Review 37 Independent Evaluation Group Development Partners 2013 2014 2015 2016 UNDP 3.96 4.24 3.78 3.9 UNFPA 2.2 1.82 1.83 1.64 UNHCR .. .. 0.48 .. UNICEF 5.31 5.62 5.31 6.78 WFP 0.35 0.23 1.5 1.54 World Health Organisation [WHO] 1.19 1.51 1.41 1.21 World Bank Group, Total 140.56 126.82 106.87 124.17 World Bank, Total 140.56 126.82 106.87 124.17 International Development Association [IDA] 140.56 126.82 106.87 124.17 Other Multilateral, Total 56.23 57 34.97 38.26 Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa [BADEA] 2.89 6.33 5.34 .. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization [GAVI] 13.3 9.52 5.11 7.2 Global Environment Facility [GEF] 3.8 4.84 4.44 6.93 Global Fund 36.45 31.15 19.72 22.51 Nordic Development Fund [NDF] 0.16 -0.14 -0.44 -0.44 OPEC Fund for International Development [OFID] -0.37 5.3 0.8 2.06 Non-DAC Countries, Total 8.33 9.85 6.14 3.16 Israel 0.02 0.01 0.01 .. Kuwait 5.6 6.41 4.55 2.57 Romania 0.04 0 0 0.01 Russia .. .. 0.09 .. Thailand .. .. .. 0.05 Turkey 1.17 0.59 0.3 0.68 United Arab Emirates 1.5 2.84 1.2 -0.15 Source: OECD Stat, [DAC2a] as of3/19/18 * Data only available up to FY16 Annexes CLR Review 38 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 11: Economic and Social Indicators for Benin, FY13-FY16** Benin SSA World Series Name 2013 2014 2015 2016 Average 2013-2016 Growth and Inflation GDP growth (annual %) 7.2 6.4 2.1 4.0 4.9 3.4 2.7 GDP per capita growth 4.2 3.4 (0.7) 1.1 2.0 0.7 1.5 (annual %) GNI per capita, PPP (current 1,990.0 2,090.0 2,110.0 2,170.0 2,090.0 3,507.1 15,423.3 international $) GNI per capita, Atlas method 890.0 930.0 870.0 820.0 877.5 1,650.2 10,657.2 (current US$) (Millions) Inflation, consumer prices 1.0 (1.1) 0.3 (0.9) 4.6 2.1 (annual %) Composition of GDP (%) Agriculture, value added (% 24.1 24.3 25.3 25.6 17.5 3.9 of GDP) Industry, value added (% of 23.6 23.5 23.2 23.4 25.3 27.9 GDP) Services, etc., value added 52.3 52.2 51.4 51.1 57.2 68.2 (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation 27.2 28.6 26.4 27.2 27.3 20.9 23.4 (% of GDP) Gross domestic savings (% 14.7 16.2 14.4 18.6 16.0 17.5 24.8 of GDP) External Accounts Exports of goods and 28.2 32.1 28.2 30.5 29.7 27.5 29.6 services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and 41.3 44.5 39.8 39.7 41.3 31.3 29.0 services (% of GDP) Current account balance (% (7.4) (9.1) (9.0) .. of GDP) External debt stocks (% of 22.2 21.3 26.5 27.1 GNI) Total debt service (% of GNI) 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 2.1 Total reserves in months of .. .. .. .. 5.2 13.3 imports Fiscal Accounts* General government revenue 18.5 17.2 17.3 15.3 17.1 18.9 (% of GDP) General government total 20.4 19.4 24.9 21.3 21.5 22.9 expenditure (% of GDP) General government net lending/borrowing (% of (1.9) (2.3) (7.6) (5.9) -4.4 -4.0 GDP) General government gross 25.3 30.5 42.4 50.3 37.1 35.9 debt (% of GDP) Health Life expectancy at birth, total 60.1 60.3 60.6 .. 60.3 59.4 71.7 (years) Immunization, DPT (% of 77.0 78.0 82.0 82.0 79.8 73.3 85.3 children ages 12-23 months) Improved sanitation facilities 19.0 19.6 19.7 .. 19.4 29.4 67.0 (% of population with access) Annexes CLR Review 39 Independent Evaluation Group Benin SSA World Series Name 2013 2014 2015 2016 Average 2013-2016 Improved water source (% of 71.2 72.1 72.1 .. 71.8 54.9 83.9 population with access) Mortality rate, infant (per 67.4 66.1 64.6 63.1 65.3 55.9 32.0 1,000 live births) Education School enrollment, 19.4 20.6 23.9 .. 21.3 21.1 47.4 preprimary (% gross) School enrollment, primary 124.3 125.6 129.0 .. 126.3 98.1 104.7 (% gross) School enrollment, 54.2 54.4 56.8 .. 55.1 42.5 76.1 secondary (% gross) Population Population, total (Millions) 10,004,451 10,286,712 10,575,952 10,872,298 10,434,853 992,395,162 7,312,300,570 Population growth (annual %) 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.2 Urban population (% of total) 43.1 43.5 44.0 44.4 43.7 37.5 53.6 Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% .. .. 49.5 .. 41.0 10.7 of pop) Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of .. .. .. .. pop) Rural poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of .. .. .. .. rural pop) Urban poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines .. .. .. .. (% of urban pop) GINI index (World Bank .. .. 47.8 .. 47.8 estimate) Source: WB Development Data Platform as of 3/1/18 *International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2017 ** Data only available up to FY16 Annexes CLR Review 40 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 12: List of IFC Investments in Benin Investments Committed in FY13-FY18 Project Cmt Project Primary Sector Project Original Original Original Loan Equity Net Net Greenfield Net Comm ID FY Status Name Size Loan Equity CMT Cancel Cancel Loan Equity Code 38159 2017 Active Finance & Insurance 10,000 10,000 - 10,000 - - 10,000 - 10,000 G 35105 2014 Closed Finance & Insurance - - - - - - - - - E Sub-Total 10,000 10,000 - 10,000 - - 10,000 - 10,000 Investments Committed pre-FY13 but active during FY13-18 Project CMT Project Project Original Original Original Loan Equity Net Net Net Greenfield Primary Sector Name ID FY Status Size Loan Equity CMT Cancel Cancel Loan Equity Comm Code 25280 2009 Active Finance & Insurance 10,000 174,622 - 174,622 - - 174,622 - 174,622 E 27518 2009 Active Finance & Insurance 5,000 133,389 - 133,389 - - 133,389 - 133,389 E Sub-Total 15,000 308,011 - 308,011 - - 308,011 - 308,011 TOTAL 25,000 318,011 - 318,011 - - 318,011 - 318,011 Source: IFC-MIS Extract as of 12/31/17 Annexes CLR Review 41 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 13: List of IFC Advisory Services in Benin Advisory Services Approved in FY13-18 Impl Impl Primary Project Project Total Project Name Start End Business ID Status Funds, US$ FY FY Line 601619 Invest West Africa Benin Implementation 2018 2019 ACTIVE TAC 500,000 602063 Benin Water Scale-Up 2018 2019 ACTIVE CAS 573,395 602177 BOA BENIN AMSMETA 2018 2019 ACTIVE FIG 252,476 602675 Technical Review 2018 2018 ACTIVE INR 50,000 596667 Benin Port Post Mandate Assistance 2015 2015 TERMINATED CAS 255,000 585927 Benin WSP 2013 2015 CLOSED CAS 1,093,988 592047 Benin Investment Climate Reform Program 2013 2017 CLOSED TAC 1,455,397 Sub-Total 4,180,256 Advisory Services Approved pre-FY13 but active during FY13-18 Impl Impl Primary Project Project Total Project Name Start End Business ID Status Funds, US$ FY FY Line 583307 Benin Health PPP 2012 2015 TERMINATED CAS 1,970,774 Africa Small Scale Infrastructure Provider Program 585627 2012 2014 DROPPED SBA 100,000 in Water II Sub-Total 2,070,774 TOTAL 6,251,030 Source: IFC AS Portal Data as of 1/31/18 Annex Table 14: IFC net commitment activity in Benin, FY13 - FY18 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total Financial NBFI - - - - 10,000,000 - 10,000,000 Markets Trade GTFP 62,562,151 45,920,825 28,747,028 33,381,632 28,279,926 16,975,381 215,866,943 Finance Total 62,562,151 45,920,825 28,747,028 33,381,632 38,279,926 16,975,381 225,866,943 Source: IFC MIS as of 4/6/18 Annex Table 15: List of MIGA Projects Active in Benin, 2013-2018 Project Max Gross ID Contract Enterprise FY Sector Investor Status Issuance Société d’Exploitation du Guichet 9392 2012 Active Services Netherlands 7 Unique du Bénin, SA 7457 Compagnie Hôteliere du Golfe 2009 Active Tourism Mali 1 Total 9 Source: MIGA 4-6-18