E2248 V11 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP VIETNAM ELECTRICITY TRUNGSON HYDROPOWER MANAGEMENT BOARD ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN TRUNG SON HYDROPOWER PROJECT Ha Noi, January 15, 2011 Environmental Management Plan 1 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 17 2. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 19 2.1. Background ................................................................................................................ 19 2.2. EMP Structure and Organization ................................................................................ 20 2.3. EMP Source Documents ............................................................................................ 22 3. PROJECT OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................... 25 4. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .................................................................................. 27 4.1. Construction Phase .................................................................................................... 27 4.2. Operation Phase ........................................................................................................ 30 5. EMP ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES........................................................................... 32 5.1. Roles and Responsibilities for EMP Implementation .................................................. 32 6. PLAN COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE ...................................................................... 34 6.1. EMP Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 35 6.2. EMP Structure, Organization and Content.................................................................. 35 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT ........................................... 49 7.1. Construction ............................................................................................................... 49 7.2. Operation ................................................................................................................... 58 8. ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION FRAMEWORK ......................................................... 63 8.1. Construction Supervision Framework ......................................................................... 63 8.2. Construction Supervision ­ TSHPP Environmental Unit ............................................. 63 8.3. Construction Supervision ­ Contractor Responsibility ................................................ 64 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FRAMEWORK .......................................................... 67 9.1. Monitoring Objectives ................................................................................................. 67 9.2. Monitoring Framework................................................................................................ 67 Environmental Management Plan 2 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 9.3. Construction Phase .................................................................................................... 67 9.4. Operation Phase ........................................................................................................ 71 10. COMMUNICATION AND REPORTING ......................................................................... 74 10.1. Communication Process ......................................................................................... 74 10.2. Reporting ................................................................................................................ 75 11. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING ....................................................................... 77 11.1. Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board ............................................... 77 11.2. Supervising Engineer.............................................................................................. 77 11.3. Construction Contractor .......................................................................................... 78 11.4. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant ................................................. 79 11.5. Technical Assistance .............................................................................................. 79 12. EMP MONITORING AND REVIEW ............................................................................... 80 12.1. Review of the EMP ................................................................................................. 80 12.2. Control and Update of the EMP .............................................................................. 81 13. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE EMP ................................................................ 82 13.1. Additional Water Quality and Quantity Baseline Data Collection ............................. 84 13.2. Intact Rivers Management ...................................................................................... 84 13.3. Cumulative Effects Assessment.............................................................................. 85 14. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND SCHEDULE ............................................................... 86 14.1. Implementation ....................................................................................................... 86 14.2. Schedule ................................................................................................................ 86 15. EMP COSTS ................................................................................................................. 89 16. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 91 17. ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................... 94 Environmental Management Plan 3 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP List of Annexes Annex A: Bid Specifications: Construction and Worker Camp Management Plan .................................. 94 Annex B: Regional Health Management Plan .....................................................................................112 Annex C: TOR for Environmental Supervision During Construction.......................................................116 Annex D: Guidelines for Safety and Community Relations Plans .........................................................120 Annex E: Chance Find Procedures ......................................................................................................123 Annex F: Terms of Reference for Approach to Intact Rivers Management ...........................................127 Annex G: De-commissioning and Abandonment ...................................................................................132 Annex H: Camp Follower Management Plan ........................................................................................133 Annex I: Cumulative Effects Assessment Framework ..........................................................................134 Annex J: Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan .............................................................139 Annex K: Environmental Management Framework for Resettlement Sites ...........................................150 List of Tables Table 4-1: Summary of Key Environmental Construction Phase Impacts ............................................... 27 Table 4-2: Summary of Key Environmental Operation Phase Impacts.................................................... 30 Table 5-1: Responsibility for EMP Implementation ................................................................................. 32 Table 6-1: Primary Responsibilities of the TSHPP EMP ......................................................................... 36 Table 7-1: Mitigation Standards/Measures for Minimizing Impacts during Construction .......................... 49 Table 7-2: Mitigation Standards/Measures for the TSHPP during Operation .......................................... 58 Table 8-1: Construction Supervision Framework.................................................................................... 65 Table 9-1: Construction Monitoring Plan Framework.............................................................................. 69 Table 9-2: Operation Monitoring Plan Framework .................................................................................. 72 Table 10-1: Communication Pathway .................................................................................................... 74 Table 10-2: Types of external reports .................................................................................................... 75 Table 13-1: Additional information to the EMP required during construction ........................................... 82 Table 13-2: Additional information to EMP required during operation .................................................... 83 Table 14-1: EMP Implementation Plan .................................................................................................. 87 Table 15-1: Preliminary Estimate of EMP Costs..................................................................................... 89 Table K-1: Resettlement sites and number of HH to be resettled ..........................................................155 Table K-2: Land use in Trung Son Commune .......................................................................................157 Table K-3: Land use in Muong Ly Commune ........................................................................................158 Table K-4: Land allocation to affected HH at Ban Lin and To Chieng ....................................................159 Table K-5: Land allocation to affected HH at Tan Xuan site ..................................................................159 Table K-6: Infrastructure proposed for Trung Son site...........................................................................160 Table K-7: Infrastructure proposed for Muong Ly site............................................................................161 Table K-8: Infrastructure proposed for Tam Chung site .........................................................................161 Table K-9: Infrastructure proposed for Trung Ly sites ...........................................................................162 Table K-10: Infrastructure proposed for Tan Xuan sites ........................................................................162 Table K-11: Results of air quality monitoring near the proposed resettlement sites ...............................163 Table K-12: Water quality sampling sites ..............................................................................................164 Table K-13: Water quality at the project area ........................................................................................165 Table K-14: Summary of land by soil type in the proposed resettlement sites .......................................166 Table K-15: Summary Demography and Land Use ...............................................................................167 Table K-16: Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts/Risks ....................................................................171 Table K-17: Mitigation Measures ..........................................................................................................178 Environmental Management Plan 4 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table K-18: Environmental Management Procedure .............................................................................183 Table K-19: Responsibilities in implementing EMF/subproject EMPs ....................................................185 List of Figures Figure 3-1: Schematic of the TSHPP ..................................................................................................... 25 Figure 6-1: Organization of the TSHPP EMP ........................................................................................ 37 Figure 8-1: Supervision Structure for TSHPP......................................................................................... 64 Figure 14-1: EMP Schedule .................................................................................................................. 88 Figure K-1: Location of and Resettlement communes ...........................................................................156 Figure K-2: Monitoring and Reporting Flow ...........................................................................................186 List of Maps Map J-1: Tiger Conservation Landscapes of Vietnam ..........................................................................149 Environmental Management Plan 5 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Abbreviations Abbreviation Description B/C Benefit-Cost BP Bank Procedure BOD5 Biological Oxygen Demand CEC Cation Exchange Capacity CLIP Community Livelihood Development Plan COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DO Dissolved Oxygen DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DPA District Protected Area DSF Dam Safety Framework DWL Dead Water Level EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environment Management Plan EMPF Ethnic Minority Policy Framework EP Ethnic Minority Plan EPC Environmental Protection Commitment ERR Economic Rate of Return ESF Environmental Safeguards Framework ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EVN Electricity of Vietnam FSL Full Supply Level FLMEC Forests of Lower Mekong Eco-region Complex GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gases HPP Hydropower Projects ICB International Competitive Bidding IDA International Development Association Environmental Management Plan 6 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Abbreviation Description IEBR Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources IRR Internal Rate of Return IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources MASL Meters Above Sea Level MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MOF Ministry of Finance MoIT Ministry of Industry and Trade MOL Minimum Operating Level MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOU Memorandum of Understanding NBCA National Biological Conservation Area NGO Non-governmental Organization NOx Nitrogen Oxides NPA National Protected Area NPV Net Present Value NR Natural Reserves OM Operation Manual OP Operational Policy PB Participating Bank PHAP Public Health Action Plan PIB Project Information Brochures PMB Project Management Board PMP Probable Maximum Precipitation PPA Power Purchase Agreement PPC Provincial People Committee QCBS Quality and Cost Based Selection RCC Roller-compacted Concrete RE Renewable Energy REDP Renewable Energy Development Project RLDP Resettlement Livelihood Development Plan Environmental Management Plan 7 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Abbreviation Description ROW Right of Way RP Resettlement Action Plan SA Social Assessment SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SESIA Supplementary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment SOx Sulphur Oxides SPPA Standard Power Purchase Agreement TA Technical Assistance TSHPP Trung Son Hydropower Project TSHPMB Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board WWF World Wildlife Fund Environmental Management Plan 8 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Units Unit Symbol Unit Description 0 C degrees Celsius % percent 106m3 million cubic meters 6 3 10 m /year million cubic meters per year cells/l cells per liter (used for vertical distribution and concentration) dBA decibel GWh gigawatt hour g grams g/m3 grams per cubic meters ha hectares km kilometer km/km2 density (for stream network) km2 square kilometers kg/s kilograms per second kV kilovolts l/(s.km2) liters per second per kilometer squared m meter meq/100g milli-equivalents per 100 grams mm millimeters mg/mL milligrams per milliliters mg/m3milligrams milligrams per cubic meters m/s meters per second m3 cubic meters m3/day cubic meters per day m3/ha cubic meters per hectare m3/s cubic meters per second m3/year cubic meters per year MPN/mL most probable number of coliform per 100 mL Environmental Management Plan 9 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Unit Symbol Unit Description MW megawatt pH potential of hydrogen ton/m3 tons per cubic meter USD U.S. Dollars V volts VND Vietnam Dong Environmental Management Plan 10 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Technical Parameters Parameter Parameter Description/Application Unit Al2O3 Aluminum oxide b Crest width Cs Coefficient of asymmetry Cv Flow Coefficient E Accumulated sediment ratio F Area Fe2O3 Ferric oxide Fn Basin area Hmax Maximum water head (m) Hmin Minimum water head (m) Htt Design head L Discharge canal length Lc Crest length M Average flow per unit area N Capacity NT * Turbine type and number P Frequency Q Daily flow discharge Q0 Average annual discharge to dam site (m3/s) Qp Peak discharge Qtb Discharge through turbine (m3/s) Ro Suspended sediment volume (kg/s) Vd Total accumulated volume of river bed sediment (m3/year) Vll Total accumulated volume of suspended sediment (m3/year) W Volume Wnl Capacity with NRWL Wpl Useful capacity prevention flood X axis Horizontal line Xo Year average rainfall Environmental Management Plan 11 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Y axis Vertical axis Z Depth Correlation coefficient d Weight of river bed sediment (t/m3) ll Weight of suspended sediment (t/m3) Average muddy level Environmental Management Plan 12 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Glossary of Terms Term Definition Adaptive The implementation of new or modified mitigation measures in management response to an unanticipated environmental effect. Baseline A description of the biophysical and socio-economic state of the environment at a given time, prior to development of a particular project. Alternatives The evaluation of alternatives to project development in EIA (timing, location, technologies etc) including the no go, or no development option. Biota All living plants and animals in a given area. Biodiversity The variety of life on earth. Biophysical Pertaining to the natural environment. Contamination Pollution. Conservation The preservation of natural resources for use by future generations. Cost-benefit analysis A method used to determine the monetary consequence of project impacts. Consultation A process of communication with those potentially affected by a project, policy, plan or program. Cumulative effects Changes to the environment that are caused by an action in combination with other past, present and future actions. Endangered species An animal or plant in danger of extinction. Environment The combination of elements whose complex interrelationships make up the settings, surroundings and conditions of life of the individual and society as they are or are felt. Ecology A branch of science dealing with the interrelationships of organisms and their environment. Ecosystem An interconnected and symbiotic grouping of microorganisms, fungi, plants and animals. Environmental Management Plan 13 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Term Definition Environmental audit An environmental management tool consisting of a periodic and objective evaluation of an organization and installations to assess compliance with regulatory and other requirements, as defined by audit criteria. Environmental impact A critical evaluation of the likely effects of a project on the assessment environment, including the prescription of mitigation and management actions. Environmental A comprehensive plan for the implementation of mitigation measures management plan prescribed in the environmental impact assessment. Fauna The total animal population in a given area. Flora The total vegetation assemblage in a given area. Global warming The increase in average temperature of the surface of the earth. Groundwater Water found beneath the Earth's surface. Habitat The home of a plant or animal. Impact The consequence of a action or activity on the human or natural environment. Impacts may be positive, negative or neutral. Intact Rivers A management approach to ensure that entire river sequences, from headwaters to sea, are kept free from barriers, allowing for the protection of a full sequence of habitats and migratory routes. Irreversible A result whereby once occurred cannot be changed or reverted to its prior state. Issue A question or concern regarding an environmental impact, consequence or effect. Landfill A disposal area for waste that is eventually covered with soil. Life cycle assessment An assessment of a project and its effects from inception, through startup, operation and closure phases. Magnitude The size or degree of a predicted impact. Mitigation Prescribed actions taken to prevent, avoid, reduce or minimize the impacts, or potential adverse effects, of a project. Environmental Management Plan 14 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Term Definition Monitoring A combination of observation and measurement to assess the environmental and social performance of a project and its compliance with the EIA/EMP, or other approval and regulatory conditions. Natural habitats Land and water areas where most of the native plant and animal species are still present, and either are legally protected, officially proposed for protection, or unprotected but of known high conservation value. Physical cultural Important sources of valuable historical and scientific information, resources assets for economic and social development, and integral parts of a people's cultural identity and practices. PM10 Particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter. Proponent The proposer, or applicant, of a project. Protected Area A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. Reservoir An artificial water body created and used for water storage for irrigation, flood control, flow regulation or power generation Residual impact purposes. Those impacts that remain after the application of mitigation measures. Risk The likelihood of occurrence of an adverse project effect. Runoff Precipitation falling on the ground that is not absorbed and eventually reaches rivers, lakes or other water bodies. Safeguard Policy A set of ten policies of the World Bank with the objective to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. Scoping A tool to assess, evaluate and prioritize relevant issues or concerns arising from a project. Screening Process to assess which projects require an environmental impact assessment and to what extent. Significance The relative importance of an issue or impact to society. Social impact A component of EIA that assesses the impacts of a project, policy, assessment plan or program on people and society. Environmental Management Plan 15 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Term Definition Stakeholder Someone who has an interest in the outcome of a project, or a decision affecting them. Strategic A systematic process for evaluating the environmental Environmental consequences of proposed policy, plan or program initiatives in Assessment order to ensure they are fully included and appropriately addressed at the earliest appropriate stage of decision-making on par with economic and social considerations. Tiger Action Plan A plan of World Wildlife Fund to improve the protection and management of key tiger populations and their habitats in top priority conservation landscapes, through measures than can be sustained and supported over the long term by governments, local communities and stakeholders. Water quality A measurement of the purity of water, or drinking water. Watershed The entire region or area where water flows into a lake, river, stream or other water body. Wetland An area of land saturated with water that has high biodiversity importance. Environmental Management Plan 16 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 1. Executive Summary The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Trung Son Hydropower Project (TSHPP) identifies the principles, approach, procedures and methods that will be used to control and minimize the environmental and social impacts of all construction and operational activities associated with the project. It is intended to complement the project Supplementary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (SESIA) and is a companion document to the Resettlement, Livelihoods and Ethnic Minorities Development Program (RLDP). The Trung Song Hydropower Project (TSHPP) is located in the Quan Hoa district of Thanh Hoa province, North Central Vietnam, approximately 40 km from the Laos Border. The project consists of a dam on the Ma River, a reservoir area of 13.13 km2 and a 260 MW hydropower plant. The TSHPP is a multipurpose project, providing both power generation and flood control benefits. The proposed dam and reservoir will be downstream from Lao PDR and the regulated flow will be entirely within Vietnamese territory. The dam is classified as a Class II dam under the Vietnamese Classification and a large dam under World Bank OP 4.37. In addition to the dam, other project components include a 20.4 km access road, a 4,000 person construction work camp and a number of borrow pits and quarries. The project's main environmental issues are related to the upstream and downstream impacts on water quality, hydrology, health, fish and fisheries; the impact of a 4,000 person construction work camp over the construction period; the impacts of auxiliary project components, including the access road and borrow pits; and indirect impacts on the areas' natural resources and biodiversity, including impacts within three adjacent natural reserves. The project will also relocate some 599 households. An RLDP (RLDP) consisting of a Resettlement Plan (RP), Community Livelihood Improvement Plan (CLIP) and an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) will be completed to address project related social and community impacts. Total project costs are estimated at $412 million, of which $ 35.1 million is allocated for compensation and resettlement purposes. A total of US$2.9 million has been allocated for the implementation of the environmental management plan which including $0.6 million for public health actions. The EMP involves multiple organizations and responsibilities shared between EVN, the Trung Son Project Management Board (TSHPMB), the Engineering Supervisor, the Construction Contractor, the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant and Local Authorities. A number of management plans will be implemented throughout the construction and operation phases of the TSHPP including the following plans: Construction Impact Management Plan ­ measures to minimize negative impacts of construction activities on local communities and the natural environment, to reduce the induced impacts of camp followers, to prevent pollution and ensure that hazardous materials are stored properly without risk to the environment; Environmental Management Plan 17 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan ­ measures to ensure protection of local and regional biodiversity and minimize project impacts on three adjacent protected areas; Reservoir Clearing Plan ­ measures to minimize biomass loss as a result of reservoir clearing and to coordinate the timing of vegetation removal to allow salvage benefits to local communities; Environmental Monitoring Plan ­ measures to ensure project compliance, measure the success of proposed mitigation, continue baseline monitoring and review environmental and social performance; Community Relations and Safety Plan ­ measures to inform local communities about the progress of the project and ensure community safety; Regional Health Management Plan ­ PMB shall prepare a regional health plan to mitigate project impacts on the health of local populations; Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan ­ measures to prevent any inadvertent loss of physical and cultural resources during project construction and operation; Environmental Management Framework to address environmental issues during the construction and operation on infrastructure to be built in resettlement sites; Additional Studies ­ additional studies are planned to provide more baseline information for the project; and Training and Capacity Building ­ training and capacity shall be provided in all aspects of the EMP. Environmental and social supervision shall be completed during project construction to ensure compliance of the construction contractor with EMP provisions and other Vietnamese regulatory requirements. Monitoring shall also be done during construction and operations to verify the success of mitigation measures and to conduct additional baseline sampling. The EMP outlines reporting and communication procedures to ensure that EMP provisions are communicated and reported at all levels of the project, including local communities. A key component of EMP success depends on effective capacity building of the TSHPMB and the training of staff and all others involved in the EMP. These efforts will also be assisted by the implementation of technical assistance by outside consultants. The EMP shall be considered a controlled document and should be updated annually, following a reportable incident or plan update. These requirements will be part of the legal documents of the World Bank project. A number of additional studies, complementary to the EMP, are proposed including further monitoring, sampling and investigations of water quality associated with the implementation of an intact rivers management approach. Environmental Management Plan 18 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 2. Introduction 2.1. Background This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Trung Son Hydropower Project (TSHPP) identifies the principles, approach, procedures and methods that will be used to control and minimize the environmental and social impacts of all construction and operational activities associated with project development. It is intended to complement the project Supplementary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (SESIA) and ensure that commitments made by the Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board (TSHPMB) to minimize project related environmental and social impacts are upheld throughout all project phases. The EMP is also a companion document to the Resettlement, Livelihoods and Ethnic Minorities Development Program (RLDP) which aims to mitigate resettlement impacts and avoid or minimize social impacts arising from the project. The RLDP is an integrated Program consisting of a Resettlement Plan (RP), a Community Livelihood Improvement Plan (CLIP) and an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP). A separate EIA of construction resettlement sites has also been prepared (EVN, 2009) and an EMF prepared based on it is a part of this EIA (Annex K) As part of their ongoing commitment to excellence in environmental and social performance for hydroelectric projects, Vietnam Electricity (EVN), through the TSHPMB will ensure the following: Fulfill all environmental and social conditions associated with project approvals; Develop, promote and foster a shared sense of responsibility for environmental and social performance of the project; Promote environmental awareness and understanding among employees and contractors through training, identification of roles and responsibilities towards environmental and social management and linking project performance to overall environmental performance; Encourage an understanding of social and cultural sensitivities in local communities and the importance of minimizing project impacts on local lifestyles and culture; Monitor environmental and social performance throughout the project and implement an adaptive management approach to continuous improvement; Work with local communities and project affected stakeholders to ensure that they benefit as a result of project development; and Maintain an ongoing commitment to informing, engaging and involving local stakeholders throughout all phases of the project. Environmental Management Plan 19 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 2.2. EMP Structure and Organization This EMP is designed as an overriding document in a hierarchy of control plans, and sets out the overarching framework of environmental management principles that will be applied to the project. It is directly related to the accompanying Supplementary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (SESIA) for the TSHPP. The EMP contains guiding environmental principles and procedures for communication, reporting, training, monitoring and plan review to which all EVN and TSHPMB staff, contractors and subcontractors are required to comply with throughout the preconstruction, construction and operation phases of the TSHPP. The EMP should be also be considered as an overall framework document that establishes the terms of reference for all project environmental and social sub-plans that will completed including the following: Plan 1: Construction Impact Management Plan ­ measures to minimize negative impacts of construction activities on local communities and the natural environment, to reduce the induced impacts of camp followers, to prevent pollution and ensure that hazardous materials are stored properly without risk to the environment; Plan 2: Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan ­ measures to ensure protection of local and regional biodiversity and minimize project impacts on three adjacent protected areas; Plan 3: Reservoir Clearing Plan ­ measures to minimize biomass loss as a result of reservoir clearing and to coordinate the timing of vegetation removal to allow salvage benefits to local communities; Plan 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan ­ measures to ensure project compliance, measure the success of proposed mitigation, continue baseline monitoring and review environmental and social performance; Plan 5: Community Relations and Safety Plan ­ measures to inform local communities about the progress of the project and ensure community safety; Plan 6: Regional Health Management Plan ­ PMB shall prepare a regional health plan to mitigate project impacts on the health of local populations; Plan 7: Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan ­ measures to prevent any inadvertent loss of physical and cultural resources during project construction and operation. Plan 8: Environmental Management of Infrastructure for Resettlement Sites. These Plans are complemented by the following activities: Additional Studies ­ additional studies are planned to provide more baseline information for the project; and Environmental Management Plan 20 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Training and Capacity Building ­ training and capacity shall be provided in all aspects of the EMP. A Compliance Framework will be put in place for ensuring all elements of the EMP are implemented, including Environmental Supervision during Construction. The terms of reference (ToR) for preparation of these plans are presented in the Appendices of the EMP. Further details on these plans can be obtained in specific independent reports carried out for the EIA report (see next section on EMP Source Documents). Further details of plan contents are provided in Chapter 6. The EMP is structured as follows: An overview of the project description is provided in Chapter 3. Roles and responsibilities for environmental and social management are described in Chapter 4. Key environmental and social risks as identified from the project SESIA are presented in Chapter 5. A summary of plan contents is provided in Chapter 6. Mitigation measures for construction and operation phases are presented in Chapter 7. A framework for Environmental Supervision is presented in Chapter 8. A framework for Environmental Monitoring is presented in Chapter 9. Communication and reporting procedures are described in Chapter 10. Training and capacity building requirements are discussed in Chapter 11. Plan monitoring and review procedures are presented in Chapter 12. Additional studies are discussed in Chapter 13. EMP Implementation is outlined in Chapter 14. Preliminary EMP costs are estimated in Chapter 15. Additional information is presented in the Annexes as follows: o Annex A contains the Construction Worker Camp Management Plan Bid Specifications to be included in Contractor documents; o Annex B contains the Worker Health Management Plan Bid Specifications to be included in Contractor Documents; o Annex C presents a TOR for Environmental Supervision during Construction Environmental Management Plan 21 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP o Annex D contains guidelines for Safety and Community Relations Plans; o Annex E presents Chance Find Procedures; o Annex F is the TOR for Approach to Intact Rivers Management; o Annex G contains Decommissioning and Abandonment requirements; o Annex H is the Camp Follower Management Plan; o Annex I contains a TOR for a Cumulative Effects Assessment of the TSHPP in conjunction with other activities and/or projects; and o Annex J contains the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan. o Annex K presents the EMF for the resettlement sites. 2.3. EMP Source Documents In addition to accompanying Supplementary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, a number of supporting environmental studies and social initiatives have been prepared. These documents form an important source of information for the EMP. A full list of these documents is presented in the Reference section. Feasibility studies were conducted to identify the optimal location to maximize power generation and minimize environmental and social impacts. Several aquatic surveys were conducted to document water quality and aquatic ecology of the Ma River. Impacts to fish biodiversity, aquaculture income, erosion and sedimentation and displacement of affected people were addressed and mitigation measures were proposed. The Trung Son Hydro Project ­ Economic Analysis report describes the hydrology and estimated power generation of the proposed TSHPP and examines the potential effects of climate change on hydrology. The report also reviews the potential benefits from Trung Son's incremental methane and carbon dioxide offsets. The economic analysis was completed according to the standard World Bank format and finally, the analysis of alternatives, reviewed the main policy choices underlying the circumstances under which combined cycle gas or coal represented a realistic alternative to Trung Son. The Assessment of Impacts Caused by Trung Song Hydropower Project to Protected Areas and Terrestrial Biodiversity was completed to illustrate high biodiversity and threats from the project within the three Natural Regions of the Trung Son area. Measures have been incorporated into the EMP to address indirect and direct project-related impacts on regional biodiversity. The Reservoir Clearing Plan studied the vegetation within the proposed reservoir. The report documents the current landscape within the TSHPP area, identifies losses to bamboo and other forests and its impact on local communities. As a result of clearing and inundation, the report also highlights potential problems associated with the build-up of debris and eutrophication. Environmental Management Plan 22 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The report on Investigation of Tangible Cultural Resources in the Area of the Trung Son Hydropower Project documents the current archaeological, historical and culturally significant landscapes within the TSHPP area. Several burial sites, holy places and artifacts will be directly affected and potential salvage methods and proposals are outlined. A number of research reports and data analyses on biodiversity of fish and fisheries were completed. Initial fisheries studies identified a variety of important ecological attributes and fisheries species inhabiting the Ma River, to address a lack of basic biological and ecological understanding presented in preliminary assessment reports, the Fisheries Development Plan for the Trung Son Hydropower Project Report was written to ensure management decisions would be made with the minimum amount of adverse affects to these biological and ecological features. The report also focuses on methods to enhance fisheries by taking advantage of the newly created reservoir system. However, much more knowledge on fish and fisheries along the Ma River is needed. Impacts on fish and mitigation measures are hard to predict even with extensive knowledge on the river ecosystem. Designing fish and fish programs before the stabilization of the ecosystem after the reservoir starts operation is not recommended by international practice. Initial years after impoundment see a boom in fish populations only to see a decline once the food sources have been depleted in the reservoir. An adaptive management approach is recommended for the Trung Son project. Therefore, the EMP project includes an aquatic biodiversity and fisheries monitoring program that: (i) will increase the knowledge on fish composition, migratory patterns, and fisheries before impoundment; (ii) monitor changes in fish ecosystems intensively after impoundment until the ecosystem has stabilized. Based on this monitoring program, fish and fisheries programs can be designed and implemented. The Impact Assessment report of Trung Son Hydropower Project to Fish-biodiversity and Suggested Migitation Measures was implemented. The report summarized five spatial regions of the Ma River system: upstream of the reservoir; flooded areas; river sections between the dam and power station; river sections between the power station and the confluence of the first major tributary; and downstream of the project. Each area will be indirectly and/or directly influenced by the construction and operation of the dam. The report identifies these major influences and describes their likely effects on various environmental processes. The Public Health Report of Trung Son Hydropower Project assesses the health of individuals living within the proposed project area, campsite and adjacent areas. The associated Public Health Action Plan (PHAP) describes the Resettlement and Regional Health Programs which are responsible for preventing and mitigating adverse health impacts. The Report on Construction and Worker Camp Reinstatement Study for the Trung Son Hydropower Project report defines, analyzes and estimates the waste quantity, composition and characteristics and details methods to minimize impacts due to waste management. A Construction and Camp Management Report was prepared to assess the impacts of construction-related activities and the operation of approximately 4,000 workers in the construction camp. Mitigation measures were designed to minimize the potential impacts on the surrounding environments and cultures of local villagers. Environmental Management Plan 23 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The report on Public Consultation Results on Affected Households of the Trung Son Hydropower Project documents consultation efforts. Since the initiation of the TSHPP, three rounds of public consultation have occurred. The results of this consultation have been documented and recorded by the TSHPMB. The Resettlement Action Plan for the Construction of the Access Road and Bridges ­ Trung Son Hydropower Project discusses potential impacts associated with the construction of the Co Luong-Co Me access road and bridges. The Plan was based on the Land Law, Decree No 197-ND-CP and World Bank's policy OP 4.12 to mitigate any potential impacts to local villagers and surrounding environment. An Environmental Assessment of Resettlement Sites was also completed to evaluate the impacts of resettlement activities associated with the project (EVN, 2009). The Resettlement Plan, Livelihood, and Ethnic Minority Development Plan encompasses three parts: the RP which identifies those communes and villages that will require relocation and their proposed resettlement communes; the CLIP which addresses land acquisition impacts and support programs for livelihood development which will be implemented; and finally, the EMDP which is designed to maintain people's ethnic cultural identity throughout the resettlement transition period. Each resettlement site will be provided with adequate infrastructure which will be designed and implemented during the resettlement process. The proposed infrastructure includes: o Rural roads, ferry stages and bridges: approximately 43.2 km of Class B rural roads, five ferry stages and two small bridges; o Water Supply: 14 water retaining walls which are about 1 m ­ 1.2 m high, 41.5 km of distribution pipes to convey water from source to households for domestic use, and 26.5 km of channels for irrigation serving 27 ha of rice field, two crops/year; o Power supply: build 13 substations of 31.5 KVA, 75 KVA or 100 KVA. Install 10.7 km of 0.4 KV power line and 30.18 km of 35 KV power lines; o Commune buildings including 8 kindergarten, 5 classrooms and 4 accommodation for teachers, 5 cultural houses. All are grade 4 (one storey); o Housing: Affected households may have the choice of building their new houses one their own, or having the project to build houses for them based on the model that affected households has chosen among those introduced by the project. In order to address the minor environmental impacts of this infrastructure, an Environmental Management Framework has been designed and is included as Annex K to this EMP. The framework includes the actions, responsibilities and measures to guarantee that the impacts from all infrastructures built in resettlement sites are minimized. A stand-alone Environmental Management Plan for the Access Road to the Trung Son Dam to the road was prepared to allow early start of the construction of the access to the dam construction site. This EMP addresses all direct impacts from this road and includes all the necessary supervision and monitoring activities to ensure its implementation. Environmental Management Plan 24 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 3. Project Overview The Trung Song Hydropower Project (TSHPP) is located in the Quan Hoa district of Thanh Hoa province, North Central Vietnam; the reservoir tail is approximately 9.5 km downstream from the Laos Border. The TSHPP consists of a dam on the Ma River, a reservoir area of 13.13 km2 and a 260 MW hydropower plant. The TSHPP is a multipurpose project, providing both power generation and flood control benefits. The dam and reservoir will be downstream from Lao PDR and the regulated flow will be entirely within Vietnamese territory. Figure 3-1 is a schematic representation of the proposed TSHPP and its associated project components (construction camp, borrow pits, transmission lines, access road etc.). Figure 3-1: Schematic of the TSHPP The dam is classified as a Class II dam under the Vietnamese Classification and a large dam under World Bank OP 4.37. Key project characteristics are as follows: Basin area ­ 14,660 km2 Reservoir volume ­ 348.5 million m3 Crest length ­ 513 m Height of dam ­ 84.5 m In addition to supplying energy to the national grid, the project will also control flooding downstream of the reservoir by using a normal flood-prevention capacity of 112 million m3 and assist in supplying water for irrigation. Environmental Management Plan 25 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP In addition to the headworks, other civil works of this project include a 20.4 km access road from Co Luong (Mai Chau, Hoa Binh province) to Co Me (Trung Son, Thanh Hoa province), a 4000 person construction camp during peak and a number of borrow pits and quarries. The project's main environmental issues are related to the upstream and downstream impacts on water quality, hydrology, health, fish and fisheries; the impact of a approximately 4,000 construction workers at the peak construction period; the impacts of auxiliary project components, including the access road and borrow pits; and indirect impacts on the areas' natural resources and biodiversity, including impacts within three adjacent natural reserves. An estimated 2,327 households (10,591 people) will be affected by the reservoir area, access road, dam construction sites, borrow pits and workers' camps. This includes is a preliminary estimate of 325 households or 1,625 people affected by the transmission line, construction of which is to be started in about two years' time, . The affected population within the project area is composed of four main ethnic groups: Thai, Muong, H'Mong and Kho Mu (Tercia Consultants 2010) the Vietnamese majority Kinh comprise about one percent of all those affected. The RLDP consisting of a Resettlement Plan (RP), Community Livelihood Improvement Plan (CLIP) and an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) will be implemented to address project social and community impacts. The total project cost is estimated at $412 million US dollars (USD), of which $35.1 million has been allocated for compensation and resettlement purposes, $ 2 million for livelihood development, approximately $2.9 million for implementation of the Environmental Management Plan which including $0.6 million for public health actions. Environmental Management Plan 26 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 4. Key Environmental Impacts The SESIA (IEL 2010) was used to develop the key environmental and social impacts associate with the construction and operation phases of the TSHPP. This impact evaluation (see Chapter 7 of the SESIA) forms the basis of environmental and social mitigation measures that are outlined in this environmental management plan. Social impacts associated with resettlement, livelihood restoration and ethnic minorities are addressed in the RLDP and not addressed in this EMP. The sample applies to the Environment Impact Assessment of the resettlement sites (EVN, 2009), which has been prepared separately and presented in Annex A of the SESIA (EVN, 2009). 4.1. Construction Phase The following key environmental and social impacts have been identified for the construction phase of the project. These are identified below in Table 4-1. The management of these impacts is included in the Plan referred in the last column of the table. "Social Plans" refer to all resettlement, land acquisition and livelihood restoration plans that have also been prepared for the project. Table 4-1: Summary of Key Environmental Construction Phase Impacts Impact Agent Issue Impact Plan Impact to local villagers, livestock breeding 1 Noise creation and wildlife Decreased air quality can impact 1 Dust creation construction workers, local villagers and surrounding environment Impact productive land 1 Social Impact forest cover Loss of potential income Plans Impact to biodiversity and habitat 2 Dust creation 1 Increased road traffic 1 Road Traffic Deterioration of roads 1 Noise and vibration 1 Increased risk to personal health and safety 1 Reservoir Preparation Accidents and unplanned events during construction activities (Clearing, grading, Gas emissions and particulate matter 1 excavation, leveling, truck hauling, etc.) decrease air quality Vehicle and equipment Storage and discharge of oils, lubricants and 1 maintenance and storage other hazardous materials during operation and maintenance Domestic waste (garbage, litter, Impact to ecosystems (water, soils, 1 human waste, etc.) vegetation, etc.) Natural organic debris 1 (unsalvageable wood, vegetation, Impact to ecosystems (water, soil, etc.) vegetation, etc.) Damage or destruction of site contents 7 Impact or alteration of cultural / Damage or destruction of newly discovered 1, 7 archaeological / historical sites sites Environmental Management Plan 27 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Impact Agent Issue Impact Plan Loss of homes Social Resettlement of households and Plans villagers as a result of reservoir Disturbance to family networks, community Social creation structure and cultural and ethnic identities Plans Alteration to community culture and ethnic heritage Increase demand for shared natural Social resources Plans Expansion of households in host- Increased demand on community & health 6 communes services Increased disease transmission 6 Disturbance to family networks, community Social structure and cultural and ethnic identities Plans Disturbance to local households, livestock 1, Noise and vibration creation and wildlife species Refer to above section on "Loss of forest 2 Loss of forest cover cover" Dam Site Construction Increased sedimentation 1 (Clearing, grading, Soil erosion Slope instability 1 excavation, leveling, Loss of productive topsoil 1 blasting, truck hauling, Refer to above section on "Dust creation" 1 stockpiling, waste Dust creation disposal, road Domestic waste and Natural Refer to above sections "Domestic wastes" 1 development, river organic debris and "Natural organic debris" for further diversion, transport details vehicles, camp site Removal of subsurface and creation borrow 1 pit and quarry construction, labor force Borrow pit and quarry creation Dust and debris created during transportation 1 and camp followers). of materials Abandonment of borrow pits and quarries 1 In-stream construction activities 1 Decreased water quality (sedimentation, (installation of coffer dams, river pollution, etc.) and impacts on aquatic diversion, machinery / equipment ecosystems operating etc.) Refer to above sections in "Dam Site and 1 Reservoir Preparation" for additional details Site clearing on clearing impacts Increased demand for building materials 1 Installation requirement for sanitation 1 services Construction of new camp buildings 1 Noise and dust creation Construction Camp Domestic waste 1 Creation (site clearing, camp site construction, labor force and camp followers) Potential exploitation of local workforce as available labor Construction job creation Change in livelihood and traditional activities Diversion of household and manual labor Environmental Management Plan 28 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Impact Agent Issue Impact Plan (agricultural, forestry, etc.) "Boom-town" effect from rapid 5 population and resource demand Rapid population causes regional inflation on increase resource demands Increased demand for building materials may Social cause social conflicts Plans Increased demand for community services Social staff (medical, emergency, safety, etc.) Plans, 6 Increased demand for infrastructure Increased demand for domestic water Social and utilities (drinking, food preparation, bathing, etc.) Plans, 6 Domestic wastewater production and 1, 6 sanitation services may cause social conflicts Increased power/fuel demands may cause Social social conflicts Plans, 5 Health Impacts on Construction Increased disease transmission rates 1, 6 Workers/Camps Increased drug use and trade 1, 6 1, 6, Social Increased disease transmission rates Health Impacts to local villagers Plans and communes Increased demand for sanitation and health Social in resettlement sites Plans, 6 Change in biodiversity and increased 2 Biodiversity impacts and protected pressure on protected areas areas Changes to ethnic and cultural Impact on cultural custom and identities Social identities Increased social conflict and illegal activities Plans, 5 Decreased forest cover 2 Access Road Disturbance in biodiversity and Increased road traffic Construction (Co-Luong increased pressure on protected Noise and vibration disturbance to local to Co Me road) area villagers, livestock and wildlife species Dust creation 1 Refer to above section on "Dust creation" Refer to above section on "Noise and 1 Noise and vibration creation vibration creation" Refer to above section on "Loss of forest 1, 2 Loss of forest cover cover" Alteration of cultural / 7 Refer to above section on "Alteration of archaeological / historical sites cultural / archaeological / historical sites" Auxiliary Project Soil Erosion 1 Refer to above section on "Soil erosion" Transmission Line Construction Increased road traffic Refer to above section on "Increased road 1, 5 (transmission lines, traffic" operation roads etc.) Accidents and unplanned events Refer to above section on "Accidents and 1, 5 unplanned events" Vehicle and equipment Refer to above section on "Vehicle 1 maintenance and storage and equipment maintenance and storage" Resettlement of affected Social Refer to above section on "Resettlement of households and local people Plans affected communes and villagers" Changes to cultural and ethnic Refer to above section on " Changes to Social identities cultural and ethnic identities" Plans Environmental Management Plan 29 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 4.2. Operation Phase The following key environmental and social impacts have been identified for the operation phase of the project. These are identified in Table 4-2 below. Table 4-2: Summary of Key Environmental Operation Phase Impacts Impact Agent Issue Impact Plan Continuous, low level noise affecting local Noise 3 communes Increased noise, dust, and vehicles Road Traffic movements affecting people and 3, 5 communities Increased levels of floating debris, Interference to turbines 3 waste Reduction of oxygen levels 3 Decomposition and decay of vegetation biomass Increased odors 3 Eutrophication 3 Increased sediment buildup behind 4ydroelectric Plant Sedimentation in reservoir 4 impoundment Operation (Stockpiles, Increased peak flows and flood duration powerhouse, truck Changes to hydrological flow can lead to erosion and degradation of 4 hauling) ecosystems Changes to local species breeding and Downstream impacts to aquatic species spawning grounds 4 Decrease of number of economically Fisheries of economic value valuable species 4 Changes to local species breeding and Alteration of existing fish species spawning grounds 4 Changes to fisheries sector production 4 Alteration of fish production Increased recreational and tourism Social Plans opportunities Impact to ecosystem and downstream Change in natural flows 4 habitants Flood control benefits Reduction of flood damages Social Plans Decreased sediment transport Impacts to agricultural areas and 4 downstream (erosion) aquaculture downstream Impacts on downstream water quality Changed water quality downstream 4 Risk of downstream erosion impact to Historical / culturally significant artifacts 4 Plant Operation historical/cultural artifacts (turbines, downstream Changes to salinity could affect agricultural volume outflow, etc.) Salinity levels in tidal zones production 4 Impeded river transportation activities River transportation Social Plans Alteration of aquaculture and fisheries sector Loss of food source and income 4 Impacts to natural vegetation, protected 2 Increased demand on usage of areas and biodiversity Operational Staff resources, health services Increased demand for community and Social plans health services Impact to existing cultural and ethnic 9 Environmental Management Plan 30 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Impact Agent Issue Impact Plan minority groups Decreased air quality for affected Dust 4 communes and households Refer to "Noise and vibration creation" Co Luong ­ Co Me Noise and vibration sections under "Construction Impacts" for 4 Road operation further details Improved access into more remote and/or 4 protected areas Increased traffic Improved transportation 4 Increased trespass and drug trade Social Plans Environmental Management Plan 31 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 5. EMP Roles and Responsibilities 5.1. Roles and Responsibilities for EMP Implementation This section describes the organizational structure and responsibilities for implementation of the EMP as shown below in Table 5-1. Table 5-1: Responsibility for EMP Implementation Organization Responsibility Overall responsibility for environmental performance of TSHPP Decision-maker on applicable policies to the TSHPP Oversight supervisory role during the construction phase Overall responsibility for EMP implementation during the operation phase EVN ­ Electricity of Vietnam Review reports of the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) Approves changes to the EMP, as necessary, as part of an adaptive approach to environmental and social management of the TSHPP Responsible for working with stakeholders in developing an Intact Rivers Approach Develop an environmental unit, headed by the Project Environmental Officer to implement EMP responsibilities Management, implementation, monitoring and compliance of the EMP, SESIA and any approval conditions, including construction supervision and performance of all TSHPMB staff, contractors and subcontractors Review of EMP performance and implementation of correction actions, or stop work procedures, in the event of breaches of EMP conditions, that may lead to serious impacts on local communities, or affect the reputation of the project Ensure effective communication and dissemination of the content and requirements of the EMP to contractors and subcontractors Assisting the contractor with implementation of EMP sub-plans TSHPMB Monitoring of EMP and SESIA performance Ensuring compliance to all project social commitments, including implementation of the social management and resettlement plans Report environmental performance of the TSHPP directly to EVN Report on environmental performance also to DONRE, MONRE, the World Bank, and other government regulators as required Prepare environmental reports summarizing project activities, as required Representing the project at community meetings Ensuring effective community liaison and fulfilling commitments to facilitate public consultation throughout the project cycle Environmental Management Plan 32 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Organization Responsibility Monitoring of downstream impacts and any reports downstream of decreased fish yields Preparation and implementation of the Environmental Supervision Plan during construction Preparation and implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Plan during construction Supervision of contractor performance of implementation of the Construction and Work Camp Management Plan Supervising Engineer Reporting any incidents or non-compliance with the EMP to the TSHPMB Ensuring adequate training and education of all staff involved in environmental supervision Making recommendations to the TSHPMB regarding EMP performance as part of an overall commitment to continuous improvement Preparation and implementation of the Construction and Worker Camp Management Plan Prepare and maintain records and all required reporting data as stipulated by the EMP, for submission to the Supervising Engineer Consultant Construction Contractor Ensure that all construction personnel and subcontractors are informed of the intent of the EMP and are made aware of the required measures for environmental and social compliance and performance During construction, maintain traffic safety along access roads, with special emphasis on high trafficked areas Independent Environmental Report to TSHPMB, EVN and the World Bank on project compliance Monitoring with environmental and social commitments in the EMP, SESIA and Consultant other applicable standards (IEMC) Local Authorities Local authorities, communities and individuals shall take part in the supervision of both the SESIA and EMP, where applicable Environmental Management Plan 33 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 6. Plan Components and Structure This chapter discusses the specific components of each of the various environmental management plans, their structure, objectives, timing and responsibility for implementation. EMP costs are presented in Chapter 15. Figure 6-1 shows the organizational structure of the EMP for the Trung Son Project. The EMP has the following component areas: Plan 1: Construction Impact Management Plan o Construction Camp Management Plan o Construction Management Plan o Other Management Plans (Waste Management Plan, Pollution Prevention Plan, etc.) o Safety during construction o Environmental training for construction workers o Camp Follower Management Plan Plan 2: Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan Plan 3: Reservoir Clearing and Salvage Plan Plan 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan Plan 5: Community Relations and Safety Plan Plan 6: Public Health Management Plan Plan 7: Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan Plan 8: Environmental management of Infrastructure Projects in Resettlement Sites The EMP also includes: Additional Studies Training and Capacity Building The Project's Plan Costs Environmental Management Plan 34 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Environmental Supervision Framework. 6.1. EMP Responsibilities Table 6-1 below describes the responsibilities of various organizations and project stakeholders towards the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan. 6.2. EMP Structure, Organization and Content The tables that follow describe the objectives, content, timing and responsibility for each of the management plans presented in Table 6-1. Figure 6-1 shows the overall structure of the EMP and the relationships between each of the sub-plans. Environmental Management Plan 35 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table 6-1: Primary Responsibilities of the TSHPP EMP Plan Sub-Plan Primary Responsibility for Implementation TSHPMB Eng. Contractor IEMC Supervisor Construction Camp Management Plan Construction Management Plan Construction and Impact Waste Management Plan Management Plan Pollution Prevention Plan Safety during construction Environmental training of construction workers Camp Follower Management Plan Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan Reservoir Clearing Plan Environmental Sampling Environmental Monitoring Plan Oversight As needed Community Relations and Community Safety Plan Construction Worker Health Management Plan Public Health Management Plan Regional Health Management Plan Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan Environmental management of Infrastructure Projects in Resettlement Sites Additional Studies Training and capacity building Environmental Management Plan 36 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Figure 6-1: Organization of the TSHPP EMP Environmental Management Plan EMP Environmental Environmental Management Supervision Framework Resettlement Infrastructure Additional studies EMP Access Road Training Environmental Biodiversity and Environmental Comunity Relations Physical Cultural Management of Construction Impact Portected Area Reservoir Clearance Public Health Monitoring and Safety resources Infrastructure in Management Management resettlement Sites Environmental Management Plan 37 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 1: Construction Impact Management Plan Objectives: Minimize negative impacts of construction activities on local communities and the natural environment. Description: Preparation of the final Construction and Worker Camp Management Plan will be responsibility of the construction contractor. Specifications for preparation of this plan are presented in the construction bid. The detail is presented in Annex A. The plan addresses the following elements: Construction Worker Camp Management Plan (Annex A-1) Construction Management Plan (Annex A-2) Other Management Plans: Waste Management Plan, Pollution Prevention Plan, etc (Annex A-3) Safety during construction (Annex A-4) Environmental training on construction workers (Annex A-5) Camp Follower Management Plan (Annex H) Timing/Schedule: Pre-construction: Design requirements, safety and security, camp maintenance, worker code of conduct, provisions for construction camp followers Construction: erosion/sedimentation, particulate emissions/dust, noise, earthworks, stockpiles/borrow pits, waste management, pollution prevention Operation: revegetation and site restoration The plan shall be in place two months prior to the onset of site construction works for the main project site. Responsibility: Preparation and implementation of the Construction and Worker Camp Management Plan will be the responsibility of the Construction Contractor. The environmental management unit of the TSHPMB will prepare bid documents incorporating plan provisions. The Supervising Engineer will oversee implementation of the plan. The Independent Environmental Monitor will review compliance of plan implementation against the plan terms of reference. Environmental Management Plan 38 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 2: Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan Objectives: Ensure protection of local and regional biodiversity and minimize project impacts on protected areas. Description: The biodiversity and protected areas management plan shall contain measures to protect biodiversity and protected areas in the vicinity of the Trung Son project area including all, or a combination of the following (see details in Annex J): Improvements to the physical demarcation of reserve areas; Coordination of the implementation of protected area management plans; Capacity building and training for protected area's wardens and patrols; Additional ecological baseline studies, as required; Coordination of establishment of necessary infrastructure ­ control posts, toll gates, staff housing, trails; Installation of signage and fencing, as required; Development of an access management strategy including control of ingress and egress of vehicles to the project area, gates and access barriers; Development and implementation of a worker code of conduct prohibiting hunting, fishing and possession of wildlife for human consumption (bush meat); Development of mechanisms for inter-agency cooperation between the provincial forest management department and natural reserve management board; Environmental education and awareness in local communities and project personnel; Coordination of activities in the protected areas buffer zone; and Support to the Vietnam Tiger Action Plan. Timing/Schedule: The Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan shall be implemented during the construction period and start prior to the onset of site construction works for the main project site. Responsibility: TSHPMB shall be primarily responsible the implementation of the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan in conjunction with the Natural Reserve Management Board. The Construction Contractor shall be responsible for implementation of a worker code of conduct and arrangements with the catering contractor and local restaurants to prohibit consumption of illegally caught fish and wildlife. Environmental Management Plan 39 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 3: Reservoir Clearing Plan Objectives: Minimize biomass loss as a result of reservoir clearing. Coordinate timing of reservoir clearing to allow benefits to local communities from salvage. Description: A preliminary Reservoir Vegetation Cover Clearance Plan has been prepared (Center of Hydrography Application and Environment Engineering n.d). The Construction Contractor should use this document to prepare a detailed Reservoir Clearing Plan. The Reservoir Clearing Plan shall contain provisions to minimize biomass loss as a result of vegetation clearing and ensure benefits to local communities, including the following: Only clearing area where approved to avoid unnecessary cutting and removal of vegetation; Consideration of reservoir filling in regard to timing of clearing to maximize the efficiency of vegetation removal and salvage, while minimizing the opportunity for vegetation re-growth; Minimize potential impacts associated with vegetation clearing ­ e.g. dust Coordination of local communities for the removal and salvage of cut vegetation; Timing/Schedule: The Reservoir Clearing and Salvage Plan shall be in place two months prior to the onset of site construction works for the main project site. Responsibility: The Construction Contractor shall prepare and implement the Reservoir Clearing Plan; As part of the RLDP, TSHPMB shall implement the plan, including contracting of local people using community based procurement, coordination and liaison with local communities. Environmental Management Plan 40 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan Objectives: The objectives of the environmental monitoring plan are to a) ensure project components are compliant with all laws and approval conditions; b) measure the success of proposed mitigation measures; c) continue baseline monitoring and d) facilitate a continual review of post- construction and operation activities. Description: Environmental monitoring will be done during construction and operation. Details of the proposed environmental monitoring program are presented in Section 9 of the EMP. Construction The focus of monitoring during the construction phase will be to implement systematic observations to periodically measure the success of proposed mitigation measures and continue baseline data collection. Environmental sampling during the construction phase will be done by the TSHPMB Environmental Unit and/or IEMC. Specific monitoring aspects to be addressed during construction include: Noise Air quality Water quality and water resources Sedimentation and erosion Protected areas Physical cultural resources Access roads Resettlement of displaced persons Reclamation and revegetation Oversight and performance assessment of monitoring activities shall be carried out by the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC). Operation Monitoring during the operation phase shall be conducted by the TSHPMB and reflect those environmental and socio-economic issues that may persist upon completion of construction activities. Monitoring shall focus on evaluating the effectiveness of project mitigation measures and continue baseline monitoring and sampling. Monitoring activities should focus on the following: Hydrology Water quality Sedimentation Downstream erosion Environmental Management Plan 41 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 4: Environmental Monitoring Plan Aquatic biodiversity and fish Resettlement of displaced persons Downstream users Auxiliary project components Timing/Schedule: Environmental monitoring shall start as soon as the project is given the go-ahead, and monitors shall be ready to be mobilized prior to the onset of construction activities. Responsibility: Monitoring shall be implemented throughout all project phases and managed by the TSHPMB. The TSHPMB will also be responsible for ensuring that the surrounding environment and social communities are protected throughout the life of the TSHPP. The Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant shall be responsible for oversight and performance assessment of all environmental monitoring activities. Environmental Management Plan 42 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 5: Community Relations and Safety Plan Objectives: TSHPMB will be required to prepare a Community Relations and Community Safety Plan. Details of the Community Relations and Community Safety Plan are presented in Annex D. Description: Community Relations The Community Relations and Community Safety Plan is aimed at the following: · Inform the population about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition and other consequences of construction. Adequate notification of schedules and interruptions will be provided; in most cases at least five days' notice will be provided. The community relations function will ensure that it provides advice through the most suitable means, such as postings at the project site, at bus stops, and in affected homes and businesses. · Ensure that construction activities occur during daylight hours. If, night work becomes necessary, local communities shall be properly informed so they can take necessary measures. · Maintain open communications between local governments and communities, including a mailing list to include agencies, organization, and residents that are interested in the project. A key part of this function is to respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner. · Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the project progresses and respond to changes in community needs as necessary to be adequate during different project implementation phases. · Act as a repository of project information, especially information that has been publicly disclosed, so that it is freely available to people affected by the project. · Provide the first point of contact ­ and an effective means of resolving ­ complaints, grievances, disputes or concerns from people, communities or groups that are affected by the project. In the event that it cannot resolve these matters, the function is responsible for ensuring access to other entities which are able to resolve them, which are discussed in the section on grievance procedures. Main Civil Works Contractor Responsibilities The contractor shall appoint a community relations liaison person, who will work with the TSHPPMB community relations officer (CRO). Additional staff from the main civil works contractor will be required to work with the CRO as necessary to addressing community concerns. The civil works contractor will be responsible for the following concerning project implementation: Notifications to the CRO of schedules of traffic movements, closures of Environmental Management Plan 43 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 5: Community Relations and Safety Plan routes/restrictions of access for public or private transport, working hours, night working unusual work patterns and blasting or other disturbances. Notifications of diversions of the river, reservoir filling and events likely to cause changes in river flows or water quality during construction and commissioning of the plant. As requested by the CRO, ensuring concerns or complaints expressed by local residents or communities, are addressed by the contractor or its sub-contractors. Worker Code of Conduct As discussed in Annex A, the Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of a Worker Code of Conduct. This shall be made available to local communities at project information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities. Timing/Schedule: The Community Relations and Community Safety Plan shall be in place two months prior to the onset of site construction works for the main project site. Responsibility: TSHPMB shall be responsible for development and implementation of the Community Relations and Community Safety Plan. The construction contractor shall be responsible for meeting the requirements delegated upon it by the CRO. Environmental Management Plan 44 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 6: Public Health Management Plan Objectives: As presented by Ly and Kaul (2008) a Public Health Action Plan will be developed by TSHPMB for the project. The PHAP will have three components: Resettlement Health Program (see RLDP) Regional Health Program Construction Workers Health Program (see Annex B) The objectives of the Regional Health Program are as follows: Prevent and mitigate effects of construction and of operation on the local population Prevent and mitigate effects of the population influx (workers & camp-followers) on the local population Improve the health situation of the local population Assist in capacity building of the Public Health Institutions for addressing their target populations' health needs Description: · The Regional Health Program will address key national health priorities as follows: o Expanded Program of Immunization o Tuberculosis control and prevention o Malaria control and prevention o HIV/AIDS control and prevention o Fresh water and environmental sanitation o Food hygiene and safety o Diarrhea prevention o Acute Respiratory Infection Prevention o Malnutrition prevention Environmental Management Plan 45 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 6: Public Health Management Plan o Population and family planning o Anemia prevention o Community mental health care The Regional Health Program will support improvement of public health institutions and programs through capacity building, infrastructure, equipment, transport, medicine and supplies and operational costs. . Implementation and planning will be integrated; Capacity building is recognized as a key program component; A referral system will be developed linking Commune Health Centers, District Hospitals and Provincial Hospitals; One Commune Health Center shall be relocated to a new site. Construction and initial stocking of the center is to be supported by the project and assistance to start operations will be provided, including development of a medical waste management plan. . A monitoring and surveillance program will be developed; The project area will be covered under the National Infectious Disease Outbreak Rapid Response Preparedness Plan; and Camp followers will receive benefits under the regional health plan. Timing/Schedule: The Regional Health Management Plan will be implemented during the construction phase and continue through operations. After a four year period, a mid-term review will be completed. Responsibility: 1. Planning, coordination, management and supervision of both the Resettlement and the Regional Health Program will be assured by the TSHPMB. Environmental Management Plan 46 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 7: Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan Objectives: The objective of the Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan is to prevent any inadvertent loss of physical and cultural resources during project construction and operation. Description: The Environmental Impact Assessment identified seven sites which have vestiges and artifacts, in which two sites are recommended for excavation. These activities will be undertaken in conjunction with authorities from the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Additional physical and cultural resources (chance finds) may be encountered during construction. The Contractor will develop a Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan that identifies what measures shall be taken to protect these cultural resources. Chance Find Procedures, which identify what measures should be taken in the event that physical cultural resources are encountered, are outlined in Annex C and also included on the Construction Management Plan.. The plan should also address measures to monitor downstream erosion of physical cultural sites and implement measures to protect these sites. Timing/Schedule: The Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan shall be in place two months prior to the onset of site construction works for the main project site. Responsibility: For construction phase: The Construction Contractor shall coordinate the preparation and implementation of the Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan for review by the TSHPMB and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. For operation phase: The TSHPMB shall coordinate the preparation and implementation of the Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan for review by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Environmental Management Plan 47 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Plan 8: Environmental Management of Infrastructure in Resettlement Sites Objectives: The objective of the Environmental Management of Infrastructure in Resettlement Sites is to address environmental issues that may arise during the construction and operation of the infrastructure that will be provided to resettlement sites Description: An Environmental Management Framework for Resettlement Sites provides the criteria and procedures to minimize environmental impacts of all infrastructures that will be provided to resettlement sites. This Framework is presented in Annex K. The Framework provides screening criteria, potential impacts and typical mitigation measures for all project types to be built. Reporting requirements, institutional responsibilities, and monitoring requirements are also included. Timing/Schedule: The Environmental management Framework shall be applied to all infrastructure projects in resettlement sites and be part f the design and construction process of the resettlement sites.. Responsibility: TSHP HPP PMB will be responsible for applying the framework Environmental Management Plan 48 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 7. Environmental and Social Impact Management The environmental and social impacts of the TSHPP were identified in the SESIA and are linked to specific mitigation and management measures identified as below in the EMP. Assessment of construction impacts on resettlement sites are discussed in EVN (2009). 7.1. Construction Standard mitigation standards and measures for minimizing the impacts during the construction phase of the TSHPP are shown in Table 7-1. More detailed construction specifications for environmental and social impact management are presented in Annex A. Table 7-1: Mitigation Standards/Measures for Minimizing Impacts during Construction Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard · Construction activities shall occur mainly in daylight hours Impact to local Noise levels villagers, should not affect Noise · If activities occur outside of daylight livestock local households, creation hours, local villagers will be informed breeding and livestock breeding and agreement will be sought from wildlife or wildlife species local authorities · Water work area and associated roads. Dust level created Decreased air must not impact quality can · Transportation vehicles shall follow the health of impact in the designated area and road. construction construction Dust creation workers, local workers, local · Use exposed stockpiles and material Reservoir villagers and villagers and as soon as possible Preparation surrounding surrounding (Clearing, environment environment · Cover any exposed materials during grading, transportation excavation, leveling, truck hauling, etc.) · RLDP will allow affected villagers to remove economic valuable trees on their land. Construction activities to be · Avoid excess clearing for project Impact confined to requirements productive land designated areas to minimize loss Loss of forest of forest cover · Vegetation debris shall be either cover disposed and/or burned at designated sites No long term · Organizations and individuals impacts to those affected shall be fully compensated Alteration of households for their land and damage to assets. potential income dependent on forestry · Resettlement households shall be Environmental Management Plan 49 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard production provided productive land for cultivating bamboo and forestry production · RLDP will have training programs to diversify incomes · Avoid clearing in restricted and protected areas. · Education and training to enhance No impact to contractors and construction Impact to listed species, worker's awareness on necessity of biodiversity and biodiversity and protection of surrounding areas and habitat habitat biodiversity. · Assist in protected areas management Dust Creation Refer to above section on "Dust creation" · Minimize traffic in villages and other populated areas · Install traffic signage Increased road Minimize impacts · Roads shall be kept free from mud, traffic to local villagers debris and other traffic obstacles · Education for increasing community traffic awareness Road Traffic · Repair and maintain roads, as Deterioration of Minimize road necessary, roads damage · Road traffic shall operate mainly in daylight hours Minimize noise · If road traffic occurs outside of and vibration daylight hours, inform local villagers Noise and levels affecting vibration local households, livestock breeding · Machines should be periodically or wildlife species examined to comply with requirements of technical specifications · Training and monitoring of worker safety shall be provided by Increased risk contractor as stipulated Minimize risks to to personal Accidents and local villagers or health and unplanned construction safety during · Protective equipment and tools are events workers' personal construction to be provided to workers by the health and safety activities construction contractor · Implement regular inspection of Environmental Management Plan 50 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard equipment and machinery · Maintain vehicles in accordance with Air quality Gas emissions manufacturer specifications standards are and particulate maintained matter decrease · Repair vehicles and equipment, as throughout air quality necessary construction Vehicle and equipment Storage and · Provision and maintenance of maintenance discharge of designated storage and fuelling and storage oils, lubricants areas No hazardous and other materials shall be hazardous released into the materials during environment. operation and maintenance · Domestic waste is properly collected Domestic and disposed of at approved Impact to Waste production waste locations ecosystems shall not impact (garbage, (water, soils, surrounding litter, human · Implement recycling program where vegetation, etc.) ecosystems waste, etc.) possible. · Natural debris shall be either disposed and/or burned at Impact to Waste production designated sites Natural ecosystems shall not impact organic debris (water, soil, surrounding vegetation, etc.) ecosystems · Follow procedures in "Chance Find Procedures" and "Reservoir Clearing Plan" Damage or Minimize damage destruction of during excavation · Coordinate planning of cemetery Impact or site contents activities sites with local authorities to ensure alteration of that they are suitable with local cultural, cultural custom archaeologica l or historical Minimize impact · Discovery of new sites shall follow sites Damage or to newly "Chance Find Procedures" destruction of discovered sites newly until properly discovered sites investigated · Provision of new homes in Resettlement designated resettlement areas of households Villagers shall be according to resettled households' and villagers Loss of homes either resettled or expectations as a result of compensated reservoir · Compensation in cash shall be creation provided for self-relocation Environmental Management Plan 51 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard · Initiation of community livelihood plan (CLIP) to diversify household income. · Information, education and communication activities and social programs shall be put in place to assist both resettled households and those that are currently in resettlement areas. · Information, education and Disturbance to communication activities and social Resettled family networks, programs shall be put in place to villagers shall re- community assist both resettled households establish their structure and and those that are currently in current way of life cultural and resettlement areas. in new communes ethnic identities · Information, education and Villagers in communication activities and social Alteration to affected programs shall be put in place to community communes shall assist both resettled households culture and maintain current and those that are currently in ethnic heritage way of life resettlement areas. · Coordination with local authorities, Increase Exploitation of and protected area management demand for natural resources board to enhance the awareness of shared natural is confined local communities of natural resources resource management Increased · Support on facilities, training and Adequate demand on capacity shall be provided to improve Expansion of services shall be community & and maintain public service households in provided health services host- communes · Initiation of regional health plan Increased No increase in disease disease · Expansion or creation of new transmission transmission rates sanitation facilities · Initiation of community livelihood plan (CLIP) to diversify household's Disturbance to income. family networks, · Information, education and Existing villagers community communication activities and social shall maintain structure and programs shall be put in place to their current way cultural and assist both resettled households of life ethnic identities and those that are currently in resettlement areas. Dam Site Noise and Disturbance to Noise and · If construction is required outside of vibration local vibration levels working hours, community and Construction creation households, should not households shall be informed. Environmental Management Plan 52 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard (Clearing, livestock and interfere with daily grading, wildlife species activities · Blasting activities should be excavation, implemented within the designated leveling, time and local people shall be informed prior to blasting. blasting, truck hauling, stockpiling, Alteration of waste Refer to above section on "Alteration of forest cover" forest cover disposal, road · Implement soil erosion and development, sedimentation control measures at transport Minimize soil susceptible locations (i.e. Steep Increased vehicles, river erosion and slopes, sandy soils, etc.) sedimentation sedimentation · Construction activities shall avoid diversion, working in wet conditions transport vehicles, · Installation of rock or stabilization camp site Soil erosion Slope integrity shall structures construction, Slope be maintained labor force instability throughout · Proper grading practices and water and camp construction diversion structures followers). Alteration of Maintain topsoil · Implement the Construction and productive stockpiles for future Worker Camp Management Plan for topsoil use reinstatement Dust creation Refer to above section on "Dust creation" Domestic waste and Natural Refer to above sections "Domestic Wastes" and "Natural Debris" for further Debris details · Excavated rock or gravel shall not compromise river bed and banks or Removal of impede flows subsurface Land gradient and and creation drainages are · Confine activities to approved borrow pit and maintained locations quarry Borrow pit and quarry creation Dust and Minimize the · Implement protective measures debris created during transportation (i.e. covering creation of dust and during loads, reduced travel speeds, etc.) debris during transportation transportation of materials Abandonment All disturbed areas · Implement the Construction and are properly Worker Camp Management Plan of borrow pits reclaimed after for reinstatement and quarries construction In-stream Decreased · Construction activities should occur Minimal disturbance construction water quality during low water levels to water quality and activities (sedimentation aquatic ecosystems (installation of pollution, etc.) · Maintain river diversion structures Environmental Management Plan 53 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard coffer dams, and impacts throughout construction river on aquatic diversion, ecosystems · Minimize in-stream activities machinery / equipment · Proper maintenance of vehicles operating and equipment etc.) · Implementation of clean-up activities and restoration of side channels Construction Refer to above sections in "Dam Site and Reservoir Preparation" for additional Site clearing Camp details on clearing impacts Creation (site Exploitation of local · Make use of excavation site and clearing, Increased natural resources reservoir clearing materials for camp site demand for shall be minimized construction construction, building for construction labor force materials purposes and camp · Provide adequate and compliant followers) sanitation services Installation Construction Adequate provision of new camp requirement of sanitation and · Designated discharge points for for sanitation sanitation shall be addressed as buildings disposal services services procedures stipulated prior to discharging to environment Noise and Refer to previous "Noise" and "Dust" section for further details dust creation Domestic waste Refer to above section on "Domestic waste" for further details · Salaries and work details shall be Potential agreed to by the contractor and exploitation of local workers. Equal employment local opportunities · Implement the community workforce as livelihood development plan for job available labor creation and increase income · Providing services for both local Standard of living Change in workers and outside construction shall be improved livelihood and workers and traditional Construction traditional activities shall be Job creation activities supported · Financial support to maintain traditional activities · RLDP shall implement financial support programs to assist women Diversion of in household activities (such as household Women, youth and cooking, cleaning, raising children, and manual elderly shall not be agricultural activities, etc.). labor overburdened in (agricultural, maintaining homes · forestry, etc.) · Encourage unemployed males to share household responsibilities Environmental Management Plan 54 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard "Boom-town" Rapid · Encourage provision of materials, effect from food stuff and others from outside population rapid of the local region causes population regional Minimize inflation and resource inflation on demand resource increase demands · Ensure construction camp resources do not conflict with local commune Increased supplies demand for Construction building activities shall not · The TSHPMB shall coordinate with materials may affect existing local authorities and the protected cause social natural resources area management board to increase conflicts security around protected areas Increased · Coordinate with local authorities in Construction demand for establishment of services forms. workers shall community receive adequate services staff services and local · Financial assistance to support (medical, services and maintain operations people shall receive emergency, benefits from these safety, etc.) Increased · Provision of domestic water supplies Construction demand for for the construction camp shall be workers and local domestic assured and not conflict with local Increased villagers shall water water usage. demand for receive clean, (drinking, food infrastructure reliable water preparation, and utilities supplies bathing, etc.) Construction · Domestic wastewater in worker Domestic workers shall be camp shall be directed to a holding wastewater provided with tank before discharging environment. production proper facilities for and sanitation services may on environment · Domestic wastewater in construction sanitation and sites shall be collected and treated in cause social waste disposal agreement with local government conflicts · Enforce regulations to prevent exploitation of natural resources Power/fuel shall be (firewood) Increased supplied without power/fuel compromising · Provide additional fuel supplies to demands may existing resources prevent conflict with local villagers cause social or exploiting natural conflicts areas (i.e. firewood) · Increase security around protected areas, especially along roads · Contractor shall be required to Health Increased regularly test of health of Impacts of disease Decreased disease construction worker and construction Construction transmission transmission rates local worker according to Vietnam Worker rates Law as stipulated. Camps Environmental Management Plan 55 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard · Construction workers and local workers shall receive necessary health care services. Camp clinics shall be established · Education and promote awareness on personal hygiene and sexually transmitted disease · Contractor construction workers and local worker shall be routinely healthy tested Construction worker Increased are strictly · Increase security in construction drug use and prohibited to use, campsite, especially on roads and trade trade and rivers transportation drug · Drug education and awareness programs · Healthy facility is supported by local medical centers Increased Minimize the risk of disease · Educate and promote awareness on exposure to local transmission personal hygiene and disease villagers rates transmission Health Impacts to local villagers and · Educate and promote awareness on communes Increased personal hygiene and disease demand for Resettled transmission sanitation and individuals have health in proper access resettlement services · Resettled households shall be sites ensured to use health services in the region. · Enhance protection and Change in Decreased forest management measures for protected biodiversity cover, impact on areas and increased species and pressure on · Implement worker code of conduct protected integrity of areas protected areas · Prohibit hunting and consumption of wild meat in construction camps Environmental Management Plan 56 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard · Establish programs and assistance for activities to preserve ethnic and cultural heritage identities · Education and awareness program Impact on Minimize effects on on ethnic identities for local people, cultural Change in cultural custom and especially youth custom and unity of ethnic identities and identities and cultural reduce opportunity · Increased village and community Increased identities for unlawful security unlawful behavior behaviors · Separate living areas for construction workers · Implement mitigation measures of the RLDP Access Road · The TSHPMB shall assist the Construction protected area management board in (Co-Luong to Decreased coordination with local authorities to Co Me road) forest cover, strengthen protection and increased management measures for protected Disturbance road traffic areas in the vicinity of the access Minimize to biodiversity noise and road disturbance to and increased vibration protected areas, pressure on creating · Construction activities shall occur in people, livestock protected disturbance to daylight hours. Inform the local and wildlife areas local villagers, authority, community and the livestock and protected area management board If wildlife construction activities occur outside species of daylight hours · Install road signs and signals. Auxiliary Dust creation Refer to above section on "Dust creation" Project Transmission Noise and Line vibration Construction creation Refer to above section on "Noise and vibration creation" (transmission lines, operation Alteration of Refer to above section on "Alteration of forest cover" roads etc.) forest cover Alteration of cultural / archaeologica Refer to above section on "Alteration of cultural / archaeological / historical l / historical sites" sites Soil Erosion Refer to above section on "Soil erosion" Increased road Traffic Refer to above section on "Increased road traffic" Accidents and unplanned Refer to above section on "Accidents and unplanned events" events Environmental Management Plan 57 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measures Standard Vehicle and equipment maintenance Refer to above section on "Vehicle and equipment maintenance and storage" and storage Resettlement of affected households Refer to above section on "Resettlement of affected communes and villagers" and local people Change in cultural and Refer to above section on " Change in cultural and ethnic identities" ethnic identities 7.2. Operation Standard mitigation standards and measures for minimizing the impacts during the operation phase of the TSHPP are shown in Table 7-2. Table 7-2: Mitigation Standards/Measures for the TSHPP during Operation Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measure Standard Hydroelectric · Proper design and operation of Plant Operation vehicles and equipment in (Stockpiles, Noise levels accordance with stipulated powerhouse, should be procedures truck hauling) confined with Continuous, low designated levels · Proper maintenance of equipment level noise Noise not to interfere and vehicles in accordance with affecting local with daily stipulated procedures communes activities of local people · Sound barriers shall be installed on the machines to reduce noise impacts, as necessary. · Proper maintenance of road and repairs, as required Operation of Increased vehicles shall not · Installation of road signage noise, dust, and Road Traffic interfere with or vehicles to local people affect local · Proper maintenance of equipment villagers and vehicles in accordance with stipulated procedures Environmental Management Plan 58 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measure Standard · Follow prescribed measures in the Detailed Reservoir Clearing Plan Increased Debris shall not levels of Interference to obstruct water · Operation of debris-bucket in floating turbines intake devices intake devices in accordance with debris, waste stipulated procedures · Follow approved Reservoir Clearing Plan · Regular monitoring of water quality parameters Reduction of Maintain oxygen oxygen levels · Continuous monitoring, sampling levels for aquatic and investigation of water quality life as prescribed in the reservoir clearing plan · Propose additional measures as necessary Decompositio n and decay · Follow prescribed measures in the of vegetation approved Reservoir Clearing Plan biomass No generation of to avoid generation of toxic odors Increased noxious odors odors · Follow prescribed measures in the approved Reservoir Clearing Plan Nutrient levels . and water quality · Regular monitoring of water quality Eutrophication in reservoir shall be maintained · Propose additional measures as necessary. · Maintain management and protection measures of watershed forest in the catchments area to Increased minimize erosion and Sedimentatio sedimentation Maximize useful sedimentation in the reservoir n in reservoir behind life of reservoir impoundment · Maximize useful life of reservoir by continuous monitoring and us of sedimentation model for calculation of reservoir sedimentation · Downstream flows shall be Increased peak maintained regularly by minimum flows and flood Erosion and operation of one unit. Changes to duration lead to impact is hydrological erosion and minimized · Maintain downstream flow based flow degradation of downstream on following the approved reservoir ecosystems operation procedures Downstream Changes to No net loss of fish · The aquaculture sector in the Environmental Management Plan 59 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measure Standard impacts to local species and aquatic region shall be encouraged to aquatic breeding and species enhance the fisheries sector species spawning grounds · Compensatory breeding of young fish is encouraged in the first five years after the operation · Training programs shall be implemented on proper harvesting methods and techniques · In order to ensure no impact on the growth of fisheries and no affect to aquatic habitants, sustainable recreational and tourism activities shall also be encouraged · Economical valuable fishes are promoted and fish stocking shall be implemented for population Decreased restoration number of Fisheries of Restoration of · Compensatory breeding of young economic economic species of fish is encouraged in the first five valuable value economic value species years after the operation · Assist in promotion of fish breeding and stocking to enhance productivity of decreased fish populations. Changes to · Promote regional aquaculture local species program Alteration of breeding and No net loss of fish existing fish spawning species · Educate local people on proper species grounds harvesting methods and techniques · Promote regional aquaculture program Fisheries production is · Compensatory breeding of young Changes to maximized fish is encouraged in the first five fisheries sector without years after the operation production compromising Alteration of species · Educate local people on proper fish production harvesting methods and techniques Sustainable · Encourage sustainable Increased recreational and recreational and tourism activities levels tourism activities recreational shall not impact and tourism fish productivity opportunities Environmental Management Plan 60 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measure Standard The Plant's Impact to · Maintenance of downstream flows operation based on approved reservoir ecosystems Maintenance of (turbines, Change in operation procedures and downstream downstream natural flows downstream flows volume outflow, habitants etc.) Prevention of · Follow approved reservoir Flood control Reduction of damaging floods operation procedures benefits flood damages downstream Decreased Impact · Implement regular water sampling sediment agricultural Ensure integrity and analysis to evaluate sediment transport areas, of downstream downstream of dam downstream aquaculture habitats (erosion) downstream Maintain water · Follow requirements specified in quality in the approved Environmental Impacts on Changed water accordance with Impact Assessment and SESIA downstream quality Vietnamese water quality downstream standards · Identified sites subject to potential erosion shall be monitored during dam operation · Studies, surveys and preservation Impact to No damage Risk of impact measures shall follow the Law on historical and and/or loss of on downstream Cultural Heritage culturally downstream historical and significant historical and artifacts cultural artifacts cultural sites · Steps will be taken to preserve and/or relocate historical/cultural artifacts (i.e. additional surveys, consultation with Law on Cultural Heritage etc.) Changes in · Water quality shall be maintained salinity may in accordance with Vietnamese Maintain Salinity levels affect standards agricultural in tidal zones agricultural productivity productivity · Interconnect roads to maintain traffic over catchment area Impediment of River River river transportation · Construct wharf or landing area at transportation transportation shall be dam site location to connect with maintained access road Alteration of · Implement mitigation measures aquaculture Alteration of No net loss of specified in the Impact Assessment and fisheries food source aquaculture and Report on Fish and Fisheries sector and income fish species Operational Increased Increased Sustainability of · Education and awareness on Staff demand on demand on natural resources management of natural resources. usage of usage of shall be Environmental Management Plan 61 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Mitigation Impact Agent Issue Impact Objective / Project Mitigation Measure Standard resources, resources, maintained · Co-management of existing natural health public services resources between operational services staff and communes Services shall · Facilities and services shall be Increased adequately provided to operational staff demand for support community and operational staff health services and local villagers Cultural and · Provision of communication Impact to ethnic minority networks and social programs shall existing cultural groups shall not be introduced to assist minority and ethnic be permanently groups, if necessary minority groups affected Co Luong ­ Co Decreased air · Continuous maintenance of roads Minimize affects Me Road quality for of dust created operation Dust affected on health of · Pave roads, if necessary commune and affected groups households Noise and Refer to "Noise and vibration creation" sections under "Construction Impacts" vibration for further details Natural resources · Enhance security along roads and Easy access and protected restrict access into protected areas into more areas shall not be remote and/or exploited for protected areas personal consumption Roads shall be · Road maintenance and repair Improved maintained to transportation facilitate local transportation Traffic system · Protected Area management board and local authorities shall enhance security along roads and access shall be restricted into natural and Increased Local roads shall protected areas. Security shall be trespass and not be used for increased along roads to monitor drug trade illegal activities roadside communes and their export of natural resources and other illegal activities. Environmental Management Plan 62 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 8. Environmental Supervision Framework Environmental supervision is a process to ensure project-related construction activities are completed in compliance with the Government of Vietnam's regulations and mitigation measures as outlined in the SESIA and EMP. With respect to the TSHPP, supervision is required primarily during construction activities. 8.1. Construction Supervision Framework Construction supervision is a daily process whereby a designated individual or group provides oversight to the Contractor and sub-contractors to ensure that environmental commitments identified within the SESIA and EMP are complied with (see Figure 8-1, also Annex A). Environmental and Socio-economic supervision shall be implemented as part of overall project engineering supervision. Enforcement shall be implemented through the Contractor's technical proposals based on the TSHPMB's Terms of Reference (ToR) for Construction and Camp Management (Annex A) and contractual clauses relating to socio-economic and environmental performance. 8.2. Construction Supervision ­ TSHPP Environmental Unit The TSHPMB shall be responsible for ensuring that: EMP/SEIA provisions are incorporated into contractor documents; Adequate resources and personnel are in place to supervise EMP/SESIA performance; Contractor and all sub-contractors comply with EMP/SESIA regulations on a daily basis; Audits or compliance reviews are completed on a scheduled basis and the results provided to either the World Bank or Government of Vietnam; and All monitoring resources are properly implemented and data is adequately recorded for reporting purposes. The Project Environmental Officer (PEO) will represent the TSHPMB for project-related matters and will be responsible for ensuring the SESIA and EMP mitigation measures are employed. They will also lead the TSHPP environmental unit. The TSHPP environmental unit will be responsible for supervising and monitoring all construction activities. Environmental Management Plan 63 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Figure 8-1: Supervision Structure for TSHPP 8.3. Construction Supervision ­ Contractor Responsibility The Contractor (and sub-contractors) shall organize representatives within an Environmental Team (ET), which shall be lead by the Workplace Safety & Environmental Officer (SEO). Collectively, the ET and SEO shall ensure construction activities abide by EMP/SESIA requirements. For additional details on roles and responsibilities refer to the Construction Camp Management Plan in Annex A. Table 8-1 describes the supervision framework for overseeing environmental and socio-economic parameters for the construction of the TSHPP. Environmental Management Plan 64 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table 8-1: Construction Supervision Framework Issue Location: Where is Parameter: What is being Procedure: How is the issue? overseen? the issue managed? Boundaries of the Harvesting techniques Daily observations reservoir Debris storage and disposal Reporting incidences Storage and disposal sites sites Report provided to Forest / vegetation Exploitation of natural TSHPMB at clearing resources termination of clearing Involvement of local community in clearing as part of RLDP Construction site Amount of noise being Visual and auditory created during construction observations Project ­adjacent hours and days Noise communes Report forms Frequency of disturbance to local villagers Monthly reporting to TSHPMB Construction site Amount of dust generated Daily observations during construction activities Access Roads Incident reporting Dust Water resource use for Water withdrawal spraying Monthly reporting to sites TSHPMB Hazardous materials Storage facility location, Inventory checklists storage site security and maintenance Management of Reporting incidents hazardous materials or accidents (fuels, lubricants, explosives, etc.) Quarterly reporting to TSHPMB Designated landfill Amount of waste generated Waste tracking at construction and camp sheets or register Solid waste Construction site sites Incident reports Camp sites Amount of waste disposed Monthly reporting to Environmental Management Plan 65 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Issue Location: Where is Parameter: What is being Procedure: How is the issue? overseen? the issue managed? at the landfill TSHPMB Recycling of material Littering and contamination of environment Construction site Quantity and quality of Daily checklists services sanitation services provided Incident reports Camp site services Misuse of sanitation Sewage waste services Monthly reporting to TSHPMB Inappropriate disposal of human waste Construction site Misuse of water reserves Daily checklists Camp site Misuse of natural water Incident reports Potable Water sources Monthly reporting to Contamination of water TSHPMB resources Construction site Vehicles/equipment Daily checklists operating at standard levels Vehicle/equipment Incident reports Construction storage area Excess oil, fuel, lubricant equipment and vehicle leaks and gas emissions Quarterly reporting to maintenance Access roads TSHPMB Disorderly conduct or misuse of equipment / vehicles Construction site Safety, security and orderly Environmental and conduct of construction safety meetings held Camp site workers regularly Worker Code of Conduct and Safety Accidents and unplanned Incident report forms events Quarterly reporting to Conflict with local villagers TSHPMB Environmental Management Plan 66 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 9. Environmental Monitoring Framework The TSHPP Environmental Monitoring Framework outlines the responsibilities of the TSHPMB, the IEMC and the Contractor to monitor the environmental and social mitigation measures of the TSHPP and to ensure it is constructed and operated in a manner that is compliant with Vietnamese government regulations and SESIA/EMP commitments. 9.1. Monitoring Objectives The objectives of the Environmental Monitoring Framework are: To ensure project components are conducted in compliance with the Government of Vietnam's laws and regulations and approval conditions of the SESIA; To measure the success of proposed mitigation measures in minimizing and/or reducing potential environmental and socio-economic impacts; To continuously monitor changes to baseline environmental and social conditions during construction and operation activities; To facilitate a continual review of post-construction and operation activities based on performance data and consultation feedback; and To implement corrective actions or new adaptive management programs, as required, if proposed mitigation measures are unable to reduce and/or eliminate potential project- related impacts, or meet the predetermined level of performance. 9.2. Monitoring Framework The monitoring framework is intended to provide guidance on the content of the environmental monitoring procedures and shall not replace any Government of Vietnam standards, regulations or laws that are mandatory during construction and operation activities. It is also recommended that the TSHPMB consider creating their own internal databases or registries to collect, document and present records as required. Monitoring shall start as soon as the project is given the go-ahead, and monitors shall be ready to be mobilized prior to the onset of construction activities. Monitoring shall be implemented throughout all project phases and managed by the TSHPMB. The TSHPMB will also be responsible for ensuring that the surrounding environment and social communities are protected throughout the life of the TSHPP. 9.3. Construction Phase Monitoring during the TSHPP construction phase will have two principle purposes: Environmental Management Plan 67 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Implement systematic observations to periodically measure the result of proposed mitigation measures; and Continue data collection in order to compare baseline environmental conditions with conditions during construction and operation. The majority of construction monitoring shall be done visually and verified by the Construction Supervisor. Checklists shall be conducted to identify potential environmental and social issues early. Proper courses of actions shall be proposed if any proposed mitigation measures are not in compliance with Government of Vietnam regulations or unable to properly reduce and/or eliminate environmental and/or socio-economic impacts. The Environmental Unit of TSHPMB will be responsible for carrying out environmental sampling and monitoring on all environmentally related issues regarding the Construction Contractor's activities. If necessary, the Environmental Unit will hire outside consultants to undertake sampling. The Environmental Unit will develop and maintain a database of all project related monitoring and supervision data. The IEMC will review, verify and validate environmental performance and identify those issues that require additional review and management adjustments. Individuals required for water quality and any other environmental testing shall be trained according to the TSHPMB staffing and equipment plan. Monthly reports shall be issued to the TSHPMB and where required, the World Bank, to summarize construction activities, document those that require amendment and to identify whether or not remedial actions are needed. Table 9-1 identifies the monitoring activities to be carried out during the Construction Phase. Environmental Management Plan 68 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table 9-1: Construction Monitoring Plan Framework Issue Responsibility: Duration: Parameter: Location: Procedure: Who will When is What is being Where does How is the monitor? monitoring tracked? monitoring issued or done? occur? recorded? Frequency of Construction Auditory or with disturbance to site portable noise local villagers monitoring Daily Adjacent equipment observations Requirement for communes Noise IEMC/TSHMP sound barrier Reporting installation, as forms required Monthly reporting Amount of dust Construction Visual generated site Reporting Monthly tests Requirement for Access roads forms Air quality IEMC/TSHPMB spraying roads, site to control Water Monthly dust and water withdrawal reporting supply sites Monthly Water quality Water Water sampling testing for standards in reserves and TSS, DO, construction and resources Laboratory conductivity camp sites (BOD, testing and pH pH, COD, TSS, Sewage (using dissolved disposal sites Monthly Water quality IEMC/TSHPMB portable oxygen, reporting equipment) temperature, coliforms, etc.) Monthly testing for other parameters Amount of water Water Monthly Weekly available for reserves and reporting Water testing construction site, resources IEMC/TSHPMB resources camp site and Consultation resettlement Construction with project- communes and camp affected Environmental Management Plan 69 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Issue Responsibility: Duration: Parameter: Location: Procedure: Who will When is What is being Where does How is the monitor? monitoring tracked? monitoring issued or done? occur? recorded? sites communes Project- affected communes Amount of Construction Visual erosion and site observations sediments being released, Borrow pit Daily Sedimentation Daily, as IEMC/TSHPMB particularly into sites environmental and erosion required water resources checklists Cleared areas Monthly reporting Tress into Natural Visual Protected Areas Protected observations Areas Natural Monthly Exploitation of Security protected IEMC/TSHPMB Natural Access roads checks areas Resources Monthly reporting Accidental Excavation Visual Chance finds discovery of sites of culturally Contractor culturally Implement Daily, as significant significant artifact Borrow sites Chance Find required artifacts or IEMC/TSHPMB or site Procedures sites Construction site Road traffic and Access roads Visual Auxiliary associated project issues (noise, Transmission Refer to other components dust, line areas sections for Contractor (roads, displacement of additional transmission people, etc.) information (ie. lines, etc.) Noise, Dust, etc.) Environmental Management Plan 70 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Issue Responsibility: Duration: Parameter: Location: Procedure: Who will When is What is being Where does How is the monitor? monitoring tracked? monitoring issued or done? occur? recorded? Post- Ability of soils, Construction Monthly construction vegetation, water site assessments Site resources, fauna IEMC/TSHMP reclamation Salvage, re- and biodiversity Camp sites Quarterly instatement to replenish after reporting of land construction 9.4. Operation Phase Monitoring during the operation phase shall reflect those environmental and socio-economic issues that may persist upon completion of construction activities (Table 9-2). For the TSHPP, the following are some of the issues that will require monitoring: Hydrology: Hydrological monitoring stations shall be implemented to primarily measure the Ma River's inflow, the newly constructed reservoir's storage volume and the amount of water discharged downstream. Monitoring hydrological features of the TSHPP shall be used in conjunction with water quality data to identify how the Trung Son dam is affecting the Ma River and associated rivers and tributaries. Water Quality: Measuring water quality is a rapid evaluation of the general condition of the water within the Ma River, reservoir and downstream of the dam site. The frequency and location of monitoring sites shall assist in providing an early detection if there are deviations from normal standards and help in determining if further actions are required. Sedimentation: Sedimentation is a concern once the dam has been constructed and the reservoir has been inundated. Sediment monitoring shall assist in determining annual sediment volumes being introduced into the reservoir and the lack of sediments being transported downstream. Continuous monitoring, sampling and calculation of sedimentation in the reservoir shall be undertaken. Downstream Erosion: The possible erosion of downstream historical/cultural artifacts is a potential concern. Identified sites subject to potential erosion shall be identified and monitored during project operation. Aquatic Biodiversity and Fish: The creation of a physical barrier due to the Trung Son dam shall directly impact aquatic life and alter species biodiversity. Routine monitoring would assist in creating species profiles and determine how species are adapting to the newly constructed dam site. Environmental Management Plan 71 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Resettlement of Displaced People and Downstream Users: The TSHPP project shall physically displace numerous people and alter the livelihoods of several upstream and downstream communes. Due to the high percentage of ethnic minority groups, the persistence of poverty in the area and housing of permanent operational staff, monitoring of the success of resettlement and compensation activities is critical to ensure potential impacts do not persist upon construction activities. Monitoring programs shall incorporate several phases of public consultation to verify if additional actions are required. This will be done as part of the RLDP. Auxiliary Project Components: The Co-Luong to Co-Me road requires post-construction monitoring to ensure its operation does not negatively (ie. noise, dust, etc.) impact those adjacent-living communes, increase access into Protected Natural Areas and provides a medium for drug export and trade. Table 9-2: Operation Monitoring Plan Framework Issue Responsibility: Duration: When Parameter: Location: Procedure: How Who will is monitoring What is being Where is the is parameter monitor? being done? monitored? parameter being being monitored? monitored? Weekly and Hydrological TSHPP dam Water gauge monthly reporting flows site and stations Hydrological reservoir flows of the TSHPMB Ma River Quarterly Reservoir Flow measuring reporting to the volume devices TSHPMB Monthly reporting Numerous TSHPP dam Water quality by Environmental parameters site and forms and TSHPMB Inspectors which may reservoir checklists Water quality include: pH, levels in Ma Quarterly BOD, COD, Laboratory testing River and reporting to coliforms, reservoir Trained TSHPMB dissolved laboratory staff oxygen, temperature etc. Weekly and Decaying TSHPP dam Laboratory testing monthly reporting debris, site and by Environmental nutrients, level reservoir Checklists and Inspectors of environmental Sedimentation TSHPMB eutrophication, reports Quarterly and TSS reporting to TSHPMB Environmental Management Plan 72 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Issue Responsibility: Duration: When Parameter: Location: Procedure: How Who will is monitoring What is being Where is the is parameter monitor? being done? monitored? parameter being being monitored? monitored? Aquatic TSHPP dam Limnological communities site and sampling of (algae, reservoir microflora, vegetation, microfauna and Monthly reporting etc.) and fish benthic by Environmental species communities Inspectors Aquatic TSHPMB biodiversity Electro-fish Quarterly sampling reporting to TSHPMB Consultation with upstream / downstream fishermen Erosion Buildings, Visual impacts historical and Erosion Quarterly downstream on culturally Photos TSHPMB downstream reporting historical and significant sites cultural Reporting forms artifacts Noise created Hydroelectric Auditory operating plant and Hydroelectric access roads Visual Plan Quarterly Adjacent Reporting forms reporting Noise created communes Noise TSHPMB from traffic on access roads Frequency of disturbance to local villagers Amount of dust Access roads Visual being generated Reporting forms Quarterly Dust TSHPMB reporting Nuisance / disturbance to r households Environmental Management Plan 73 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 10. Communication and Reporting The following section describes the communication and reporting mechanisms to be implemented as part of the EMP. 10.1. Communication Process Table 10-1 describes the lines of communication for construction workers, local villagers, employees and other project-related individuals with respect to filing grievances or incidences throughout the construction and operation of the TSHPP. Table 10-1: Communication Pathway Stakeholder Potential Interest / Means of Contact Key Contact Concern Adequate compensation Complaints/concerns Social safeguard unit of package (financial shall be communicated to TSHPMB assistance, food cache, local village leaders and water reserves, etc.) authorities through a grievance process Location of resettled household Information broadcasts and project updates shall Disturbance from be provided by the construction camp and Contractor to local village associated activities leaders (drugs, alcohol, prostitution, disease, environmental issues, etc.) Local villagers Loss of productive lands, (displaced, fisheries, etc. resettled, downstream Access to community user) services (medical, education, telephone, market, etc.) Maintenance of cultural heritage Safety and security of local villages and communes Information broadcasts on potential hazards (blasting, road closures, reduced river access, etc.) Potential Employment opportunities Recruitment of locals at Contractor employees the project site and Environmental Management Plan 74 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Stakeholder Potential Interest / Means of Contact Key Contact Concern Adequate resources (food, through word of mouth water, etc.) and shelter Issues shall be conveyed Competitive wages to site foremen Government Chronic environmental and Monitoring committee TSHPMB stakeholders socio-economic impacts Worker code of conduct Weekly meetings with Contractor construction workers Social conflicts between local villagers and workers Individual meeting with Construction disorderly workers workers and Behavior issues (gambling, camp sites drugs, etc.) Environmental issues (exploitation of natural resources, etc.) 10.2. Reporting Reports shall be produced through the course of implementation of monitoring programs, collecting incident/grievances forms, consulting with local villages and project-affected communes and auditing performance of existing programs/mitigation measures within the SESIA and EMP. Table 10-2 describes the types of reports that shall be produced. The TSHPMB should provide the World Bank with report updates, frequency of reporting to the World Bank will vary depending on the nature of the non-compliance and monitoring schedule. Table 10-2: Types of external reports Responsibility Type of Report Purpose of Reporting Frequency Submit to: of Submission Filing/notification of accidents or Within 24 hours TSHPMB/CST Accidents/Incident unplanned events of the incident Report Detail the cause, nature and effect Within one TSHPMB/CST Contractor & of any environmental and/or socio- week of the Non-compliance Workplace Safety economic non-compliant act event Report and performed Environmental Officer Documentation and registry of Within 24 of TSHPMB/CST newly discovered artifacts archaeological Competent agencies Chance Discovery site, old human Report remains or artifact Environmental Management Plan 75 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Responsibility Type of Report Purpose of Reporting Frequency Submit to: of Submission Monthly Report to the Construction Report of CST Compliance Report Supervision Team compliance and non- compliance measures on a monthly basis Daily Compliance Checklist of environmental and Daily Internal Checklist social compliance of construction Construction Supervision Monthly Monthly report of compliance within Monthly TSHPMB Team Compliance Report 10 days of receipt of report from Contractor EMP updates, For approval prior to As required, TSHPMB including any implementation prior to changes in implementation management or monitoring procedures Project Key changes in Ensure compliance with As required, TSHPMB Environmental project activities environmental regulatory approvals prior to Officer & that may trigger implementation Independent Environmental Environmental Approvals Monitoring Consultant Environmental Notification of non-compliance with Dependent on TSHPMB monitoring reports standard environmental guidelines environmental and parameters parameter: weekly, monthly, quarterly or annually Environmental RDLP and sub- Ensure resettled/displaced On-going TSHMP, EVN, World Unit of Project plans households transition successfully Bank Management into resettled sites Board Environmental Management Plan 76 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 11. Capacity Building and Training A key component of EMP success depends of effective capacity building of the TSHPMB, the training of staff and all others involved in the EMP, including the construction contractor and all sub-consultants. These efforts will also be assisted by the implementation of technical assistance by outside consultants. All those responsible for the management, implementation and operation of any aspect of the EMP shall be adequately trained for their role. Training records shall be maintained on site, for each employee, to provide evidence for auditing/inspection purposes. The following training shall be considered for each organization. 11.1. Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board The TSHPMB shall establish an environmental unit to oversee the preparation, implementation and oversight of the EMP and its associated sub plans. The environmental unit shall be provided with enough technical and financial resources to complete this oversight role; external resources or contractors may be required. Specific training to the environmental unit should be provided as follows: Principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment; Fundamentals of environmental management; Compliance assessment, monitoring and follow-up; Environmental audits; Social impact assessment and public consultation; and Fundamentals of aquatic ecology and environmental flows associated with construction and operation of hydroelectric projects (including trained expertise in water quality testing and analysis). 11.2. Supervising Engineer The supervising engineer shall have environmental staff trained to ensure contractor compliance with EMP requirements. Alternately, the Supervising Engineer can subcontract this responsibility to adequately trained personnel. Training records, including attendance and specific course, shall be maintained for inspection by the TSHPMB. Specific training to the environmental unit should be provided as follows: Principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment; Environmental Management Plan 77 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Fundamentals of environmental management; Compliance assessment, monitoring and follow-up; Air, soil and water sampling procedures; Construction impacts, including civil works, sediment and erosion control, soil handling and vegetation removal; Waste management; Fuel and hazardous materials management; Fundamentals of aquatic ecology ; Construction camp management; and Auditing and follow-up. 11.3. Construction Contractor The construction contractor shall have environmental staff trained to ensure contractor and all subcontractor compliance with EMP requirements. The construction contractor shall maintain training records, including attendance and specific course, for inspection by the TSHPMB. Specific training to the construction contractor environmental unit should be provided as follows: Principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment; Fundamentals of environmental management; Compliance assessment, monitoring and follow-up; Air, soil and water sampling procedures; Construction impacts, including civil works, sediment and erosion control, soil handling and vegetation removal; Waste management; Fuel and hazardous materials management; Construction camp management; Community relations and public consultation procedures; and Auditing and follow-up. Environmental Management Plan 78 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 11.4. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant The Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant shall be trained in the oversight and compliance assessment of large infrastructure projects, including the preparation of compliance reports and environmental sampling procedures, including the following: Principles and procedures for environmental impact assessment; Fundamentals of environmental management; Compliance assessment, monitoring and follow-up; Air, soil and water sampling procedures; Construction impacts, including civil works, sediment and erosion control, soil handling and vegetation removal; Waste management; Fuel and hazardous materials management; Construction camp management; Community relations and public consultation procedures; and Auditing and follow-up. 11.5. Technical Assistance In addition to staff training, technical assistance for outside consultants has been included into the training budget. Technical assistance could be full-time onsite within the TSHPMB or include short visits by outside consultants to provide training seminars and workshops. Training costs are estimated in Section 15. Environmental Management Plan 79 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 12. EMP Monitoring and Review The environmental unit of the TSHPMB shall periodically review, monitor and audit the effectiveness of the EMP, including all sub-plans. The audit program should adequately cover the scope, audit frequency and methods that are typically required for large infrastructure projects. The frequency of audits should reflect the intensity of activities (typically more common during construction), severity of environmental and social impacts and non-compliances raised in prior audits. 12.1. Review of the EMP The environmental unit of the TSHPMB shall review the EMP to assess its effectiveness and relevance as follows: A full review shall be undertaken annually; Following a reportable incident, or a significant non-compliance; and Following an addition, up-date or change order to the EMP, or a sub-plan. The review of the EMP should consider the following: Adequacy of data collection, analysis and review; Reporting; Non-compliances; and Corrective actions implemented. The EMP shall also be reviewed periodically to evaluate environmental controls and procedures to make sure they are still applicable to the activities being carried out. Reviews will be undertaken by the TSHPP Environmental Unit as follows: The full EMP shall be reviewed at least annually; Relevant parts of the EMP shall be reviewed following a reportable incident; Relevant parts of the EMP shall be reviewed following the receipt of an updated sub- plan; and At the request of stakeholders, including DONRE, MONRE, EVN, Contractor, Supervising Engineer, World Bank or the host communities. The review shall include analysis of the data collection and analysis of data, monitoring reports, incident reports, complaints/grievances and feedback from stakeholders, DONRE, MONRE reports, consultation meeting minutes and training records to evaluate the effectiveness of EMP procedures. Site visits, interviews and other auditing methods may also be used. Environmental Management Plan 80 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Updates to the plan shall follow the procedure in Section 12.2. 12.2. Control and Update of the EMP This document will be issued as a controlled document all relevant staff and organizations. The procedure to be followed to control the issue of the documents, provide a review of its effectiveness and provide updates will be as follows: Issued copies by the Environmental Unit of TSHPMB shall be numbered; The Environmental Unit shall initiate a review of any relevant sections following modification to the EMP Environmental Approval, issue of a new approval, receipt of written requirements by MONRE/DONRE, or a change to internal procedures based on corrective actions or improvements in methodologies or analytical procedures. Environmental Management Plan 81 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 13. Additional Information to the EMP In order to ensure adequate information during the implementation of EMP, a number of studies will be added as necessary to ensure adequate completion and implementation of this EMP. Tables 13-1 and 13-2 presents a list of additional information requirements that are needed during construction and operations. Table 13-1: Additional information to the EMP required during construction Impact Agent Impact For further information/details Disturbance to local villagers, livestock The contractor shall prepare a detailed breeding and wildlife Reservoir Clearing Plan Loss of homes and livelihood impacts RLDP Disturbance to family networks, community RLDP Reservoir structure and cultural and ethnic identities Preparation Increase demand for shared natural RLDP resources Biodiversity and Protected Areas Biodiversity and protected areas impacts Management Plan Loss of productive land RLDP, and the Reservoir Clearing Plan Alteration of productive land RLDP, and the Reservoir Clearing Plan Dam construction & Clearing Physical Cultural Resources Management Impact to physical cultural resources Plan Construction and Worker Camp Increased sedimentation Management Plan River diversion Decreased water quality (sedimentation, Construction and Worker Camp pollution, etc.) and impacts on aquatic Management Plan ecosystems Stripping and Construction and Worker Camp Loss of productive topsoil grading Management Plan Transport Dust and debris created during Construction and Worker Camp vehicles transportation of materials Management Plan Environmental Management Plan 82 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Impact Agent Impact For further information/details Construction and Worker Camp Management Plan for reinstatement studies Excavation Abandonment of borrow pits and quarries for TSHPP Construction Construction and Worker Camp Increased demand for building materials camp Management Plan RLDP, Construction and Worker Camp Change in livelihood and traditional activities Management Plan Labor force RLDP, Construction and Worker Camp Distortion of household and manual labor Management Plan (agricultural, forestry, etc.) Increased demand for community services Construction Worker and Regional Health staff (medical, emergency, safety, etc.) Management Plan Camp workers and followers Worker and Regional Health Management Increased disease transmission rates Plan Increased road traffic Traffic Management Plan Storage and discharge of oils, lubricants Truck hauling and other hazardous materials during Hazardous Material Management Plan operation and maintenance Table 13-2: Additional information to EMP required during operation Impact Agent Impact For further information/details Hydroelectric Continuous, low level noise affecting plant operation Confirm noise abatement measures, if required local communes Traffic Management Plan Increased noise, dust, and vehicles Truck hauling on community roads Displacement, isolation or loss of wildlife species Reservoir Clearing Plan Interference to turbines Reservoir Clearing Plan Reservoir Implement water quality monitoring periodically impoundment following schedules which detailed in Table 9-2. Impacts on water quality Additional parameters will be measured for calibration of water modeling. A plan on Approach on Intact Rivers Matter and additional fisheries studies Fish and fisheries studies Environmental Management Plan 83 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Impact Agent Impact For further information/details Implement sediment monitoring periodically following schedules which detailed in Table 9-2. Additional Increased sedimentation behind parameters will be measured for calibration of impoundment sedimentation modeling. Dam operation Implement monitoring of hydrological flows and electrical Alteration of natural flows periodically following schedules which detailed in generation Table 9-2. Implement water quality monitoring periodically following schedules which detailed in Table 9-2. Impeded water quality downstream Additional parameters will be measured for calibration of water modeling. Volume outflow Alteration of agricultural productivity, Collection of information and verification. especially rice Alteration of food source and income Collection of information and verification. Suggested additional studies to be undertaken by the TSHPMB are indicated in the following sections. 13.1. Additional Water Quality and Quantity Baseline Data Collection Additional water quality and quantity baseline data will be collected at two locations, upstream and downstream of the TSHPP, to calibrate water modeling as per ERM (2009) and for further environmental assessment purposes. In particular, the following will be completed: Upstream data will be collected daily or other intervals as required and integrated with hydrological station upstream of the dam (M ng Lát gauging station). Downstream data will also be collected daily or at other intervals, as required by a gauging station. Data collected at both upstream and downstream stations will include DO, Temperature, pH and conductivity. These measurements will start one year before reservoir filling and extend to year two after operation. In addition, as assessment of downstream water usage shall be conducted to address stakeholder concerns expressed during project consultation. 13.2. Intact Rivers Management EVN, through the TSHPMB, shall work with stakeholders to promote an intact rivers management approach to hydroelectric development that looks at environmental and social impacts over the entire Ma River watershed. This would include management of conflicting land Environmental Management Plan 84 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP uses upstream of the TSHPP and also management of downstream impacts associated with construction and operation of the TSHPP (see also Annex F). 13.3. Cumulative Effects Assessment As noted in the SESIA, a cumulative effects assessment of all project components was completed as part of the initial TSHPP EIA. However, a broader cumulative assessment including the impacts of all other activities in the project affected area, including impacts of the TSHPP shall be considered. TSHPMB shall implement a cumulative effects assessment framework that will evaluate cumulative impacts of other developments in association with construction and operational impacts of the TSHPP. An example of a cumulative effects assessment framework is provided in Annex I. By the end of the first year of construction, TSHPMB will develop a cumulative effects assessment framework and an initial assessment of cumulative effects of the TSHPP in conjunction with other projects and activities. The cumulative effects study should also incorporate measures for biodiversity protection and intact rivers management. Environmental Management Plan 85 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 14. Implementation Plan and Schedule 14.1. Implementation The TSHPMB shall assume overall responsibility for the implementation of the EMP as described including the following activities: Oversight of Contractor EMP requirements Preparation of management plans Formation of an environmental unit Training TSHPMB should prepare an implementation plan for the EMP considering the requirements identified in Table 14-1. 14.2. Schedule The proposed schedule for the EMP is shown in Figure 14-1. Implementation of access road Main work Impoundment Environmental Management Plan 86 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table 14-1: EMP Implementation Plan1 Implementation Item Description By When A Environmental Unit shall be formed to implement 3 months before Formation of an the EMP for the access road for: initiation of the Environmental Unit for access road Access Road Construction supervision Environmental monitoring An Environmental Division shall be formed to 6 months before implement the EMP based on scaling up of the initiation of Formation of an environmental unit: preparation of Environmental Division construction site for Construction supervision the main work Environmental monitoring To prepare environmental and social requirements Before finalization of Prepare Bid for the Construction Contractor the bidding process Specifications for Construction Contractor The Construction Contractor shall be responsible Before initiation of for in the preparation of the following management any construction plans for approval by the TSHPMB: activity Contractor Management The Reservoir Clearing Plan Plans Community Relations and Community Safety Plan Construction and worker camp management Plan To prepare the following management plans (see 2 months before Section 2) initiation of preparation of Preparation of TSHPMB Environmental Monitoring Plan construction site for Management Plans Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management the main project Plan works Public Health Management Plan Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan Develop a training plan outlining training Upon project requirements, topics, and areas of capacity approval building Training Identify courses/seminars Identify staff requiring training Implement training plan 1 This is a preliminary schedule that will be finalized after project approval and financing arrangements and selection of the construction contractor Environmental Management Plan 87 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Quarter 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1. Main Project Phases Planning Preparation World Bank Loan Approval Construction Reservoir filling Operation EMP Milestones Formation of Environmental Unit for the Access Road Formation of Environmental Division for the Project Prepare Contractor Bid Specification - EMP related Capacity Building Training Technical Assistance Additional Studies EMP Implementation Contractor management plans TSHPMB management plans Supervision and Monitoring Construction supervision Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant EMP evaluation - Annual EMP evaluation - Construction Phase Figure 14-1: EMP Schedule Environmental Management Plan 88 88 | P a g e 15. EMP Costs Estimated costs for the initial implementation of the EMP are presented below in Table 15-1. Costs have been defined on an initial set up basis. TSHPMB will revise these costs and develop annual operating costs for the EMP. Table 15-1: Preliminary Estimate of EMP Costs EMP Component Estimated Cost ($US) Contractor ­ built into contract 8-12% of total construction costs 10-25% of engineering supervision cost Supervision ­ environment ­ to be built into the contract for plus Engineering Supervision (includes sampling for environmental quality) $250,000 ( separate estimate for environmental quality monitoring) Independent Environmental Monitoring $250,000 (3-5 years) Institutional Strengthening, Training and Capacity Building2 $250,000 Formation of TSHPMB environmental unit Local authorities, communities and other stakeholders On-site training Offsite training Local capacity building Equipment and logistics Technical Assistance to TSHPMB environmental unit $300,000 (2 years) Provision of outside consultants Manual of functions and procedures Assist in development of environmental database Special issues ­ e.g. water quality Public health action plan implementation. EMP protocols and procedures Assist in development of TSHPMB Environmental Unit Assist in implementation of updated management plans Contractor liaison TORs Chance Finds Procedures and Cultural Property Salvage (including $200,000 downstream erosion assessment) 2 Costs of salaries, administration and function of the environmental unit paid by TSHPMB Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP EMP Component Estimated Cost ($US) Biodiversity and Protected Areas $700,000 Support to Protected Areas Management Plans Provision of wardens Infrastructure and equipment Education Tiger Action Plan Public health action plan $600,000 Additional Studies Intact Rivers Management $150,000 Water Quality Modeling $100,000 Cumulative Effects Assessment $100,000 Total Initial EMP Costs $2,900,0003 3 Note: The EMP costs do not include costs of environmental supervision which are included in the engineering supervision costs of the project Environmental Management Plan 90 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 16. References Center for Applied Hydrology and Environmental Engineering Director (CAHAEE). 2008. Trung Son Hydropower Project Report Plan for Reservoir Cleaning. Prepared for Trung Son Hydropower Management Board. Hanoi, Vietnam. Center for Community Development (CECODES), (July 2010), Independent Resettlment Monitoring Mission 2. Center of Planning and Rural Development No. 1 (CPRD). (2008). Resettlement Action Plan for the Construction of Access Road and Bridges ­ Trung Son Hydropower Project ­ Final Report. Prepared for Trung Son Hydropower Management Board. Hanoi, Vietnam. Council on Environmental Quality. 1997. Considering Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Policy Act). Council on Environmental Quality, Executive Office of the President, Washington D.C. Development Research and Consultancy Centre (DRCC). (2008a). Resettlement ­ Livelihood Development Plan and Ethnic Minority Development Plan ­ Trung Son Hydropower Project. Prepared for Trung Son Hydropower Management Board. Hanoi, Vietnam. Development Research and Consultancy Centre (DRCC). (2008b). Social and Economic Survey and Assessment Report ­ Trung Son Hydropower Project. Prepared for Trung Son Hydropower Management Board. Hanoi, Vietnam. Duc, N. (2008a) Impact Assessment of Trung Son Hydropower Project to Fish Biodiversity and Fisheries Mitigation Measures Suggest. Vietnam Electricity Group, Trung Son Hydroelectric Project Management Unit PMU. Hanoi: Vietnam Electricity. Duc, N. (2008b). Final Report ­ Survey Results and Analysis Data of Fish Biodiversity and Fisheries. Prepared for the Trung Son Hydroelectric Project Management Unit. Hanoi, Vietnam. Duinker, P.N., and L.A. Greig. 2006. The impotence of cumulative effects assessment in Canada: Ailments and ideas for redeployment. Environmental Management Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 153­161. Electricity of Vietnam. Trung Son Project Management Board. 2009. Environmental assessment for construction resettlement sites. Hanoi, Vietnam FPD Son La, 2003. Revised investment plan for development of Xuan Nha NR, Son La Province. Un-published document, In Vietnamese. Ha Ngoc, L., and Kaul, S.(2009). Health Impact Assessment and Public Health Action Plan for Trung Son Hydropower Project. Hanoi Civil Engineering University, Institute of Environment Science and Engineering (IESE). (2008). Planning on Environment Management Road and Bridge Accessing Trung Son Dam ­ Road into Dam Report. Hanoi, Vietnam. Environmental Management Plan 91 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Health and Environment Services Development Investment JSC (HESDI). (2008). Health Impact Assessment of Trung Son Hydropower Project. Hegmann, G., C. Cocklin, R. Creasey, S. Dupuis, A. Kennedy, L. Kingsley, W. Ross, H. Spaling and D. Stalker. 1999. Cumulative Effects Assessment Practitioners Guide. Prepared by AXYS Environmental Consulting Ltd. and the CEA Working Group for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, Hull, Quebec. Hegmann, G., Eccles, R. and K. Strom. 2004. A practical approach to assessing cumulative effects for pipelines. Unpublished paper, Axys Environmental Consulting Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada. IEBR (Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources). (2006). Xuan Nha NR, Son La Province. A scientific research work- managed by Tran Huy Thai. Un-published document. Infrastructural Technology & Urban Environmental Centre-Architectural University (ITUEC). (2008a). Construction and Camp Management ­ Contents of Main Works. 1st Stage 3 Draft Report. Trung So'n Hydropower Project. Infrastructural Technology & Urban Environmental Centre-Architectural University (ITUEC). (2008b). Report of Construction and Camp Management of Trung Son Hydropower Project. Integrated Environments (2006) Ltd. (IEL). 2010. 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Prepared for the Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board. Montpellier, France. VICA (n.d.). Reinstatement studies on construction activities and worker camps for the Trung Son Hydropower Project. Technical Assistance Project. TF 090495. Vietnam Institute of Archaeology (VIA). (2008). Investigating tangible cultural resources in the area of Trung-Son Hydro-electric Project, Thanh Hoa province. Hu Néi, Vietnam. World Bank. (2007). Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet ­ Concept Stage. VN-Hydropower Development Project. Report No.: AC3056. World Bank. (2006). Vietnam Hydropower Development Project ­ Project Concept Note. East Asia and Pacific EASEG. Environmental Management Plan 93 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 17. Annexes Annex A: Bid Specifications: Construction and Worker Camp Management Plan A-1: Construction Camp Management Plan To help address potential negative impacts on local communities through the introduction of a approximately 4000-person construction work force, the Construction Contractor (Contractor) shall implement a series of activities related to the construction workforce and camps as follows. Workforce and Camps General Requirements The Contractor shall, wherever possible, locally recruit the available workforce and shall provide appropriate training as necessary. The Contractor shall consider all aspects of workforce management and address potential ethnic tensions between workers and the local communities, increased risk of prostitution and communicable diseases, theft, drug and alcohol abuse, market distortion due to temporary inputs to local economy and other local tensions such as unemployment, ethnicity and divergent cultural values. The following general measures shall be considered for construction camps: The construction camp site will have to be approved by the local authority. The Contractor shall present the design of the camps including details of all buildings, facilities and services for approval no later than two months prior to commencement of any construction work. Approvals and permits shall be obtained in accordance with applicable laws, applicable standards and environmental requirements for the building and infrastructure work for each camp area. The Contractor shall provide adequate and suitable facilities for washing clothes and utensils for the use of contract labor employed therein. Camp site selection and access roads shall be located so as to avoid clearing of major trees and vegetation as feasible, and to avoid aquatic habitats. Camp areas shall be located to allow effective natural drainage and landscaped so as to avoid erosion. The Contractor shall provide suitable, safe and comfortable accommodation for the workforce. The Contractor shall provide adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) for the number of workers expected on site, plus visitors. Toilet facilities should also be provided with adequate supplies of clean or potable water, soap, and toilet paper. Separate and adequate bathing facilities shall be provided for the use of male and female workers. Such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept in clean and hygienic conditions at all times. Environmental Management Plan 94 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The Contractor shall implement effective sediment and erosion control measures during construction and operation of the construction work camps in accordance with the environmental requirements as stipulated by the EMP and SESIA, especially near rivers. The Contractor shall provide recreational facilities to the workforce. Such facilities will help mitigate against potential conflict and impact on the local population as the incentive to go outside the camp will be reduced. The Contractor shall provide safe potable water for food preparation, drinking and bathing. The Contractor shall install and maintain a temporary septic tank system for any residential labor camp, without causing pollution of nearby watercourses. Wastewater should not be disposed into any water bodies without treatment, in accordance to applicable Vietnamese standards. The Contractor shall establish a method and system for temporary storage and disposal or recycling of all solid wastes generated by the labor camp and/or base camp. The Contractor shall not allow the use of fuel wood for cooking or heating in any labor camp or base camp and provide alternate facilities using other fuels. The Contractor shall ensure that site offices, depots, and workshops are located in appropriate areas as approved by the appropriate TSHPMB environmental officer or the Supervisory Engineer; The Contractor shall ensure that storage areas for diesel fuel and lubricants are not located within 100 meters of watercourses, and are operated so that no pollutants enter watercourses, either overland or through groundwater seepage, especially during periods of rain. A ditch shall be constructed around the area with an approved settling pond/oil trap at the outlet. Areas for the storage of fuel or lubricants and for a maintenance workshop shall be fenced and have a compacted/impervious floor to prevent the escape of accidental spillage of fuel and or lubricants from the site. Surface water drainage from fenced areas shall be discharged through purpose designed and constructed oil traps. Empty fuel or oil drums may not be stored on site. Waste lubricants shall be recycled, and not disposed to land or adjacent water bodies. The Contractor shall ensure that site offices, depots, and workshops are located in appropriate areas as agreed by local authorities and approved by the TSHPMB or supervisory engineer. They shall not be located within 200 meters of existing residential settlements Concrete batching plants shall not be located within 500 m of any residence, community or work place. The Contractor shall provide medical and first aid facilities at each camp area; and All medical related waste shall be disposed off in proper containers, or dealt with accordingly with established procedures for safe disposal. Environmental Management Plan 95 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Security Security measures shall be put into place to ensure the safe and secure running of the camp and its residents. As a minimum, these security measures should include: Access to the camp shall be limited to the residing workforce, construction camp employees, and those visiting personnel on business purposes. Prior approval from the construction camp manager shall be required for visitor access to the construction camp. Adequate, day-time night-time lighting shall be provided. A perimeter security fence at least 2m in height shall be constructed from appropriate materials; and Provision and installation in all buildings of firefighting equipment and portable fire extinguishers. Maintenance of Camp Facilities The following measures shall be implemented to ensure that the construction camp and its facilities will be organized and maintained to acceptable and appropriate standards: A designated camp cafeteria shall be established under strict sanitary and hygiene conditions; Designated meal times shall be established; Cooking or preparation of food shall be prohibited in accommodation quarters; Designated rest times shall be established; Designated recreational hours shall be put in place; Smoking shall be prohibited in the workplace; Procedures shall be implemented to maintain the condition of the construction camp and facilities and ensure adequate cleanliness and hygiene; The latrines and urinals shall be adequately lighted and shall be maintained in a clean sanitary condition at all times; Water shall be provided in or near the latrines and urinals by storage in drums; and A complaint register to receive and respond to complaints from the construction camp residents regarding facilities and services provided. Code of Conduct (Behavior) A major concern during a construction of a project is the potentially negative impacts of the workforce interactions with the local communities. For that reason, a Code of Conduct shall be established to outline the importance of appropriate behavior, drug and alcohol abuse, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Each employee shall be informed of The Code Environmental Management Plan 96 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP of Conduct and bound by it while in the employment of the Client or its Contractors. The Code of Conduct shall be available to local communities at the project information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities. The Code of Conduct shall address the following measures (but not limited to them): All workers and subcontractors shall abide by the laws and regulations of Vietnam. Illegal substances, weapons and firearms shall be prohibited. Pornographic material and gambling shall be prohibited. Fighting (physical or verbal) shall be prohibited. Workers shall not be allowed to hunt, fish or trade in wild animals. No consumption of bush meat shall be allowed in camp. No pets shall be allowed in camp. Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities shall be prohibited. Disrespecting local customs and traditions shall be prohibited. Smoking shall be prohibited in the workplace. Maintenance of appropriate standards of dress and personal hygiene shall be in effect. Maintenance of appropriate hygiene standards in accommodation quarters shall be set in place. Residing camp workforce visiting the local communities shall behave in a manner consistent with the Code of Conduct; and Failure to comply with the Code of Conduct, or the rules, regulations, and procedures implemented at the construction camp will result in disciplinary actions. A-2: Construction Impact Management Plan In order to reduce the impact of the construction activities on local communities and the environment, the Construction Contractor shall implement the following Sub-Plans in accordance with the following stipulations: Erosion and Sedimentation In a mountainous region, such as the Trung Son area, the project must include measures to reduce or halt erosion and landslide problems. This might include the use of erosion control structures, protective re-vegetation and reforestation, slope stabilization, etc. Site activities shall be carefully managed in order to avoid site erosion and sedimentation of downstream waterways. In order to minimize negative erosion impacts in the project area, the following activities shall be carried out by the Contractor: Erosion and sedimentation shall be controlled during the construction. Areas of the site not disturbed by construction activities shall be maintained in their existing state. Environmental Management Plan 97 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Disturb as little ground area as possible, stabilize these areas as soon as possible, control drainage through the area, and trap sediment onsite. Install erosion control barriers around perimeter of cuts, disposal pits, and roadways. Slope works and earth moving/excavation shall be conducted in order to minimize exposure of the soil surface both in terms of area and duration. Temporary soil erosion control and slope protection works shall be carried out in sequence to construction. Conserve topsoil with its leaf litter and organic matter, and reapply this material to local disturbed areas to promote the growth of local native vegetation. Apply local, native grass seed and mulch to barren erosive soil areas or closed construction surfaces. Apply erosion control measures before the rainy season begins, preferably immediately following construction. Install erosion control measures as each construction site is completed. In all construction sites, install sediment control structures where needed to slow or redirect runoff and trap sediment until vegetation is re-established. Sediment control structures include windrows of slash, rock berms, sediment catchment basins, straw bales, brush fences, and silt fences. Control water flow through construction sites or disturbed areas with ditches, berms, check structures, live grass barriers, and rock. The ground surface at the construction site offices shall be concreted or asphalted in order to minimize soil erosion. Erosion control measures shall be maintained until vegetation is successfully re- established. Water shall be sprayed as needed on dirt roads, cuts, fill material and stockpiled soil to reduce wind-induced erosion and dust, and Larger changes in the landscape from quarries, tunnel spoil tips, etc. should be landscaped and replanted, both to reduce erosion problems and to reduce the visual impact of construction. Particulate Emissions and Dust The Contractor shall propose methods and actions to control dust resulting from construction related activities, including quarry sites, crushing and concrete batching plants, earthworks including road construction, embankment and channel construction, haulage of materials and construction work camps. In particular the Contractor shall undertake the following: Minimize production of dust and particulate materials at all times, to avoid impacts on surrounding communities, and especially to vulnerable people (children, elderly people). Time removal of vegetation to prevent large areas from becoming exposed to wind. Environmental Management Plan 98 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Place screens around construction areas to minimize dust proliferation, paying particular attention to areas close to local communities. Spray water as needed on dirt roads, cut areas and soil stockpiles or fill material. Spraying shall be carried out in dry and windy days, at least twice a day (morning and afternoon). The frequency of spraying near local communities shall be increased as needed. Pave access roads with gravel in the sections which near the communities and other sensitive receptors to reduce generation of air-borne dust. Provide an adequate ventilation system and other measures to control concentration of air pollutants within tunnels. Transportation of materials by vehicles and construction of access roads shall be properly designed. For example, the access road can be constructed and paved by concrete/asphalt, or laid with small graded rocks, prior to major earthworks which may require transportation of substantial amount of materials on-site and off-site. Ensure adequate maintenance of all vehicles. Construction plant/vehicles that generate serious air pollution and those which are poorly maintained shall not be allowed on site. Transport of chemicals or materials such as cement, sand and lime shall be covered entirely with clean impervious material to ensure that these materials shall be contained. Overflow of material shall be avoided; and The exhaust gases from construction machinery and vehicles are accepted. However, the engines shall be inspected and adjusted as required to minimize pollution levels. Noise To minimize noise the Contractor shall: Maintain all construction-related traffic on project access roads at established speed limits. Maintain all on-site vehicle speeds at or below 30 kph, or otherwise designated. To the extent possible, maintain noise levels associated with all machinery and equipment at or below 90 db. In sensitive areas (including residential neighborhoods, hospitals, rest homes, schools, etc.) more strict noise abatement measures may need to be implemented to prevent undesirable noise levels. Apply proper measures to minimize disruptions from vibration or noise coming from construction activities. Design a transportation schedule for entry of construction materials to minimize the adverse impact on residents, as well as the traffic on the existing roads. The transportation vehicles shall be required to slow down and banned from using horns Environmental Management Plan 99 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP when passing sensitive areas. Transportation during peak hours should be minimized. . The Contractor shall provide the transportation route in advance to the Engineering Supervisor. Maintain the construction equipment in its best operating conditions and lowest noise levels possible. Use temporary noise barriers to minimize the noise caused by construction equipment; Provide hearing protection to workers who must work with highly noisy machines such as piling, explosion, mixing, etc., for noise control and workers protection. Areas for the storage of fuel or lubricants fenced and have a compacted/impervious floor or other surface to prevent the escape of accidental spillage of fuel and/or lubricants from the site. Surface water drainage from fenced areas shall be discharged through an oil skimmer or other appropriate device to remove hydrocarbons. Empty fuel or oil drums may not be stored on site. Proper MSDS labeling shall be in place and training provided to workers handling these materials. The construction supervision team shall be equipped with portable noise detection devices to monitor the noise level at the sensitive receptors. Materials leaving the construction site shall be transported during non-peak hours in order to minimize traffic noise due to the increase in traffic volumes. Use of properly designed silencers, mufflers, acoustically dampened panels and acoustic sheds or shields, etc. shall be made. Mufflers and other noise control devices shall be repaired or replaced if defective. Use of electric-powered equipment when applicable instead of diesel-powered or pneumatic-powered equipment. Equipment known to emit a strong noise intensity in one direction, shall when possible, be oriented to direct noise away from nearby sensitive receptors. Machines and equipment that may be in intermittent use shall be shut down between work periods or throttled down to a minimum operation. Nighttime Construction Noise Mitigation Although in general, nighttime construction shall be banned near sensitive receptors, some construction may still occur for technical and other reasons (e.g., bridge piles required and continued around clock concrete pouring). Because nighttime construction, if occurring near local communities, will result in significant impacts to residents and other sensitive receptors, the following special measures shall be taken during the construction phase: People living within potentially impacted areas shall be notified ahead of time of the length and noise intensity of the proposed nighttime construction. Residents shall be informed as to why night construction is necessary and they shall be provided with the mitigation measures that are going to be implemented to obtain their understanding. These residents shall be allowed to express their concerns, difficulties, and suggestions Environmental Management Plan 100 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP for noise control prior to the commencement of night time construction. These concerns shall be addressed and suggestions adopted where appropriate; Concrete batching plants, generators and other stationary equipment shall be carefully placed as far away from local communities to reduce noise impacts from these machines. Where possible, municipal power supply shall be used for nighttime construction as diesel generators are extremely noisy and avoiding their use is the best mitigation possible. Equipment with lower noise levels shall be used for concrete pouring operations, which may require 24 hour non-stop operation. Temporary noise barriers shall be installed at the appropriate locations to avoid nighttime noise impacts, and Notification boards shall be posted at all construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have a channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. Blasting The contractor shall warn local communities and/or residents that could be disturbed by noise generating activities such as blasting well in advance and shall keep such activities to a minimum; In sensitive areas (including residential neighborhoods, hospitals, rest homes, schools, etc.) more strict measures may need to be implemented to prevent undesirable noise levels; Blasting shall not be carried out within 200 m of residences or local communities; Blasting shall not be carried out under adverse weather conditions; Prior to a blasting event, water shall be sprayed on the surface of the blast area to increase its moisture content. Wire mesh gunny sacks and sandbags shall be used on top of the blast area at each shot to prevent flying rocks and dust; Before blasting is carried out, a detailed survey shall be conducted at nearby communities to evaluate the degree of impacts due to the blasting activity (e.g. possible damage to structures or infrastructure due to vibration, effects on animals, local residents, etc.); No blasting shall be allowed during nighttime unless prior approval is obtained from the government authority and the PEO. All persons shall be at least 200m away from the blasting point; Except for blasting equipment all electricity shall be turned off within 50m of the blasting location prior to and during the blast; and Environmental Management Plan 101 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The quantity of blasting materials shall be managed in a secure manner and audited weekly. Earthworks, Cut and Fill Slopes The contractor shall ensure that the following procedures are undertaken: All earthworks shall be properly controlled, especially during the rainy season. The Contractor shall maintain stable cut and fill slopes at all times and cause the least possible disturbance to areas outside the prescribed limits of the works. The Contractor shall complete cut and fill operations to final cross-sections at any one location as soon as possible and preferably in one continuous operation to avoid partially completed earthworks, especially during the rainy season. In order to protect any cut or fill slopes from erosion, in accordance with drawings, cut off drains and toe-drains shall be provided at the top and bottom of slopes and be planted with grass or other plant cover. Cut off drains should be provided above high cuts to minimize water runoff and slope erosion. Any excavated cut or unsuitable material shall be disposed of in designated disposal areas as agreed to by the Supervisory Engineer, and Disposal sites should not be located where they can cause future slides, interfere with agricultural land or any other properties, or cause runoff from the landfill towards any watercourse. Drains may need to be dug within and around the landfills, as directed by the Supervisory Engineer. Stockpiles and Borrow Pits The Contractor shall prepare and overall Stockpiles and Borrow Pits Management Plan for the total works. Operation of a new borrowing area, on land, in a river, or in an existing area, shall be subject to prior approval of the Environmental Supervisor, and the operation shall cease if so instructed by the Supervisory Engineer. Borrow pits shall be prohibited where they might interfere with the natural or designed drainage patterns. River locations shall be prohibited if they might undermine or damage riverbanks, or carry too much fine material downstream. The location of crushing plants shall be subject to the approval of the Supervisory Engineer , and not be adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas, or to existing residential settlements, and shall be operated with approved fitted dust control devices. Rock or gravel taken from a river shall be far enough removed to limit the depth of material removed to one-tenth of the width of the river at any one location, and not to disrupt the river flow, or damage or undermine the riverbanks. The Plan shall include: A map showing the extent of the area to be developed. A method statement defining the proposed working methods. Environmental Management Plan 102 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The proposed access and haulage routes between the borrow pits and the destination for the extracted materials. A justification for the quantities of materials to be extracted, an estimation of the waste material to be generated and disposal details for such waste materials. Details of the measures taken to minimize the borrow pit areas and their visual impact on the surrounding area, and Details of the measures to be taken for the long-term rehabilitation of the borrow pit areas in order to avoid situations that could constitute a threat to health and safety and cause environmental degradation. In general terms, the Contractor shall: Identify and demarcate locations for stockpiles and borrow pits, ensuring that they are 15 meters away from critical areas such as steep slopes, erosion-prone soils, and areas that drain directly into sensitive water bodies. Limit extraction of material to approved and demarcated borrow pits. Stockpile topsoil when first opening the borrow pit. After all usable borrow has been removed, the previously stockpiled topsoil should be spread back over the borrow area and graded to a smooth, uniform surface, and adequately sloped for drainage. On steep slopes, benches or terraces may have to be established to help control erosion. Excess overburden should be stabilized and re-vegetated. Where appropriate, organic debris and overburden should be spread over the disturbed site to promote re- vegetation. Natural re-vegetation is preferred to the best extent practicable. Existing drainage channels in areas affected by the operation should be kept free of overburden. Once the job is completed, all construction -generated debris should be removed from the site to an approved disposal location. The Contractor shall ensure that all borrow pits used are left in an appropriate condition with stable side slopes, re-establishment of vegetation, restoration of natural water courses, avoidance of flooding of the excavated areas wherever possible so no stagnant water bodies are created which could breed mosquitoes, and When the borrow pits or the local depressions created by the construction activities cannot be refilled or reasonably drained, the Contractor shall consult with the local community to determine their preference for reuse such as fish farming or other community purposes. Disposal of Construction Waste The Contractor shall carry out the following activities: Establish and enforce daily site clean-up procedures, including maintenance of adequate disposal facilities for construction debris. Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing structures shall be suitably reused, to the best extent feasible (e.g. as fill materials for embankments). The disposal of remaining debris shall be carried out only at sites identified and approved by the Supervisory Engineer. The Contractor should ensure that these sites (a) are not located within designated forest areas; (b) do not impact natural drainage courses; and (c) do Environmental Management Plan 103 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP not impact endangered/rare flora. Under no circumstances shall the Contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas. In the event any debris or silt from the sites is deposited on adjacent land, the Contractor shall immediately remove such, debris or silt and restore the affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of Supervisory Engineer. All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, where necessary, will be considered incidental to the work and should be planned and implemented by the contractor as approved and directed by the Supervisory Engineer. Consult with local communities, if any, living close to spoil disposal sites that may be affected. The consultation shall provide local stakeholders with detailed information of the potential spoil disposal site, and provide an opportunity for them to express their opinions and concerns with the proposed plans. Information and feedback from the consultation process shall be incorporated into the final design for each spoil disposal site. Include provisions for incorporating the most appropriate stabilization techniques for each disposal site. Assess risk of any potential impact regarding leaching of spoil material on surface water. Include an appropriate analysis to determine that the selected spoil disposal sites do not cause unwanted surface drainage, and Stabilize spoil disposal sites to avoid erosion in accordance with the requirements of the Landscape and Re-vegetation Plan. Demolition of Existing Infrastructure The Contractor shall implement adequate measures during demolition of existing infrastructure to protect workers and public from falling debris and flying objects. Among these measures, the Contractor shall: Set aside a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones, and/or a chute for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels. Conduct sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, chipping or chiseling with proper guards and anchoring as applicable. Maintain clear traffic ways to avoid driving of heavy equipment over loose scrap. Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds and out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails and toe boards to prevent materials from being dislodged. Evacuate all work areas during blasting operations, and use blast mats or other means of deflection to minimize fly rock or ejection of demolition debris if work is conducted in proximity to people or structures. Provide all workers with safety glasses with side shields, face shields, hard hats, and safety boots or shoes. A-3: Other Management Plans The contractor shall be responsible for preparing the following management plans in accordance with the stipulated terms of reference: Environmental Management Plan 104 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Waste Management Plan During the construction stage, the Contractor shall prepare a Waste Management Plan before commencement of project works. The Plan shall include: Water and Wastewater A review of the preliminary site drainage design prepared during the detailed design. An update of the preliminary design based on the actual construction program and site specific conditions (e.g. the geographical conditions, location of slopes and the nature of construction work). Detailed design including drawings, location maps, specifications of drainage collection channels and wastewater treatment facilities. Proposed discharge locations and treatment standards. A detailed implementation program of the proposed drainage system. As part of the design of the site drainage system, surface runoff within the construction site shall be diverted in order to avoid flushing away soil material and the water is treated by device such as sediment trap before discharge. Domestic sewage from site offices, toilets and kitchen shall either be collected by a licensed waste collector or treated by on-site treatment facilities. Discharge of treated wastewater must comply with the discharge limits according to Vietnamese legislation. A Wastewater treatment device such as a sediment tank can be installed near each of the constructions activities that may generate wastewater. Alternatively, sedimentation ponds can be constructed on-site to settle out excessive suspended solids (SS) before discharging into a discharge outlet. Retaining walls and sandbags barriers shall be constructed surrounding the bored piling machine in order to trap bentonite and wastewater within the piling location. The collected spent bentonite or the wastewater shall be pumped for treatment before discharge. Prior to the rainy season, all exposed surfaces and slopes shall be properly covered or landscaping shall be provided to minimize run-off of sediment laden. Slope protection can be carried out in sequence to construction and in advance of the rainy season. Drainage control devices such as sediment traps shall be installed at each discharge outlet, and they shall be cleaned regularly, and Chemical toilets can be provided on each work site employing 5 workers or more. At least one toilet shall be installed per 25 workers. Domestic sewage collected from the site office and chemical toilets shall be cleaned up on regular basis. Only licensed waste collectors shall be employed for this disposal. The sludge shall be treated according to the requirements of the Contractor's Waste Management Plan. Solid Wastes Waste such as those listed below are expected due to construction activities: Surplus excavated materials requiring disposal due to earth moving activities and slope cutting. Environmental Management Plan 105 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Disposal of used lumber for trenching works, scaffolding steel material, site hoarding, packaging materials, containers of fuel, lubricant and paint. Waste generated by demolition of existing houses / buildings affected by the project or breaking of existing concrete surfaces. Waste from on-site wastewater treatment facility (e.g. treatment of bentonite from tunneling works by sedimentation process), and Domestic waste generated by construction workers, construction campsite and other facilities. Medical waste from the on-site clinics. The above wastes must be properly controlled through the implementation of the following measures: Minimize the production of waste that must be treated or eliminated. Identify and classify the type of waste generated. If hazardous or chemical wastes are generated, proper procedures must be taken regarding their storage, collection, transportation and disposal. (See Emergency Plan for Hazardous Materials and Chemical Waste Management Plan). Identify and demarcate disposal areas clearly indicating the specific materials that can be deposited in each, and Control placement of all construction waste (including earth cuts) to approved disposal sites (>300 m from rivers, streams, lakes, or wetlands). Collect and recycle and dispose where necessary in authorized areas all of garbage, metals, used oils, and excess material generated during construction, incorporating recycling systems and the separation of materials. The Contractor shall make a commitment to waste recycling and re-use methods in consideration of the following; A method statement on waste recycling, re-use and minimization of waste generation. Excavated material shall be re-used on-site or the nearby road segment / other projects as far as possible in order to minimize the quantity of material to be disposed of. Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc. shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources. Collected recyclable material shall be re-used for other projects or sold to waste collector for recycling, and Collected waste shall be disposed of properly through a licensed waste collector. Pollution Prevention Plan Emergency Plan for Hazardous Materials If the construction site is expected to have or suspected of having hazardous materials (chemicals, asbestos, hydrocarbons, or other similar hazardous materials), the Contractor will be required to prepare a Hazardous Waste Management Plan and Emergency Response Plan to be approved by the Environmental Supervisor. Removal and disposal of existing hazardous wastes in project sites should only be performed by specially trained personnel following national or provincial requirements, or internationally recognized procedures. Environmental Management Plan 106 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The Contractor shall: Make the Hazardous Waste Management Plan available to all persons involved in operations and transport activities; Hazardous waste (or chemical waste) shall be properly stored, handled and disposed of in accordance with the local legislative requirements. Hazardous waste shall be stored at designed location and warning signs shall be posted; Inform the Environmental Supervisor, or Construction Supervisor of any accidental spill or incident in accordance with the plan; Prepare a companion Emergency Response Plan outlining all procedures to be undertaken in the event of a spilled or unplanned release; Initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident; and Provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. The Emergency Plan for Hazardous Materials shall be subsequently updated and submitted to the PEO for no objection. Chemical Waste During construction there will be a potential for pollution to adjacent habitat areas and watercourses caused by chemical wastes such as spent waste oil, spent lubricant, contaminated soil material due to leakage of hydraulic oil, fuel from construction plant or vehicles, etc. The following measures shall be put into place in order to minimize the damage caused by chemical waste: All refueling of heavy equipment and machinery shall be undertaken by a service vehicle to prevent any spillage or contamination by chemical wastes such as maintenance oils, lubricants, etc. All the fuel and hazardous material storage shall be adequately enclosed to prevent any spillage problems; Storm water runoff from open workshops, repair areas, and enclosed storage areas shall be collected and treated in hydrocarbon separation pits/tanks before discharge to drains and waterways. All explosives shall be transported, stored and handled in accordance with applicable laws and good design engineering and constructions practices. The contractor shall provide details of proposed storage and security arrangements, and Pesticides and shall be packaged, labeled, handled, stored and disposed of according to standards acceptable to the World Bank and the government of Vietnam. Maintenance of Construction Equipment The Contractor shall: Identify and demarcate equipment maintenance areas (>15m from rivers, streams, lakes or wetlands). Fuel storage shall be located in proper areas and approved by the PEO. Environmental Management Plan 107 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Ensure that all equipment maintenance activities, including oil changes, are conducted within demarcated maintenance areas; never dispose spent oils on the ground, in water courses, drainage canals or in sewer systems, and All spills and collected petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with standard environmental procedures/guidelines. Fuel storage and refilling areas shall be located at least 100m from all cross drainage structures and important water bodies or as directed by the PEO. Reservoir Clearing and Salvage Clearing of Construction Areas Areas proposed for clearing shall be included in the Vegetation Clearing and Salvage Plan. Only those proposed areas shall be cleared in accordance with the Plan and approved by the Engineering Supervisor. The Vegetation Clearing and Salvage Plan shall consider the existing usage of the project land to allow its existing usage to continue as long as is practicable, without interference with the Contractor's activities. Vegetation shall not be disturbed in those areas not submitted with the Plan. The Contractor shall also arrange to coordinate with local communities as part of the Livelihoods Development Plan to clear the reservoir area. The following measures shall be implemented: Large or significant trees in camp areas and access roads should be preserved wherever possible. The application of chemicals for vegetation clearing shall be minimized. To the best extent possible, non-residual chemicals shall be selected and with negligible adverse effects on human health. Herbicides use in the project shall be shown to be effective against the target vegetation species, have minimum effect on the natural environment, and be demonstrated to be safe for inhabitants and domestic animals in the treated areas, as well for personnel applying them. Herbicides shall be appropriately packaged, labeled, handled, stored, disposed of, and applied according to international standards proposed by the Contractor for the TSHPMB non-objection, and The design of roads, including temporary and permanent access roads shall avoid crop areas where reasonable and practical. Landscape, Visual impacts and Re-vegetation The construction program of the project shall be executed in phases, particularly in those locations where severe or high landscape and visual impacts are expected. The following measures shall be implemented: Construction shall be programmed in sequence so that the scale of earth moving activities and area of exposed surface can be minimized. Re-vegetation shall start at the earliest opportunity. Appropriate local species of vegetation shall be used. Environmental Management Plan 108 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The requirement of compensatory planting shall be included in the design and project contract. A Master Landscaping Plan and requirements of ecological monitoring or survey during different stages of the project shall be prepared during the design stage that shall be implemented during the construction and maintained during operation. Facilities and structures shall be located according to the terrain and geographical features of the project site. Restoration, of cleared areas such as borrow pits no longer in use, disposal areas, construction roads, construction camp areas, stockpiles areas, working platforms and any areas temporarily occupied during construction of the project works shall be accomplished using landscaping, adequate drainage and re-vegetation. Existing trees and plants within the construction boundaries shall be tagged to indicate whether the trees are to be retained transplanted or removed. Transplantation of existing trees affected by the project works shall be carried out prior to the commencement of construction. Excavations shall avoid damage to the root systems. Mitigation measures are also required to prevent damage to trunks and branches of trees. Temporary hoarding barriers shall be of a recessive visual appearance in both color and form. Upon completion of the construction, the affected areas shall be immediately restored to their original condition, including the re-creation of natural and rocky shoreline, footpath and re-establishment of disturbed vegetation. At the highly visually sensitive zones, construction may be scheduled where possible at the low tourist seasons. Construction trucks shall operate at night when possible and kept cleaned and covered when shipping bulk materials. Construction sites shall be surrounded with fence if located at the scenery zones to avoid direct visual sights of the construction sites. There shall not be construction camps in scenic areas. Random disposal of solid waste in scenic areas shall be strictly prohibited. All mixing stations and concrete batching plants shall not be located near rivers or in scenic areas. The stockpiles shall be located in hidden areas, and outside of the sight from tourists; Use the existing roads as access road if possible to minimize the need for new access roads which lead to damage existing landforms and vegetation. Land use for agricultural activity prior to use for construction activities shall be, as much as possible, restored to a state to allow the same agricultural activity to continue. Spoil heaps and excavated slopes shall be re-profiled to stable batters, and grassed to prevent erosion. Topsoil stripped from the work areas shall be used for landscaping works, and Watercourses, which have been temporarily diverted by the construction activities, shall be restored to their former flow paths. Environmental Management Plan 109 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Site Restoration At the completion of construction work, all construction camp facilities shall be dismantled and removed from the site and the whole site restored to a similar condition to that prior to the commencement of the works, or to a condition agreed to with local authorities and communities. Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction shall be carried out on completion of the restoration works (and before issuance of the acceptance of completion of works). Various activities to be carried out for site restoration are: The construction campsite shall be grassed and trees cut replaced with saplings of similar tree species. All affected areas shall be landscaped and any necessary remedial works shall be undertaken without delay, including grassing and reforestation. Water courses shall be cleared of debris and drains and culverts checked for clear flow paths. All sites shall be cleaned of debris and all excess materials properly disposed. Borrow pits shall be restored. Oil and fuel contaminated soil shall be removed and transported and buried in waste disposal areas. Saplings planted shall be handed over to the community or the land owner for further maintenance and watering, and Soak pits and septic tanks shall be covered and effectively sealed off. A-4: Safety during Construction The Contractor's responsibilities include the protection of every person and nearby property from construction accidents. The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with all national and local safety requirements and any other measures necessary to avoid accidents, including the following: Present details regarding maximum permissible vehicular speed on each section of road; Establish safe sight distance in both construction areas and construction camp sites; Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate traffic movement, provide directions to various components of the works, and provide safety advice and warning. All signs shall be in English and Vietnamese language and be constructed according to Vietnamese specifications; Estimate maximum concentration of traffic (number of vehicles/hour); Use selected routes to the project site, as agreed with the PEO, and appropriately sized vehicles suitable to the class of roads in the area, and restrict loads to prevent damage to local roads and bridges used for transportation purposes; Environmental Management Plan 110 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Be held responsible for any damage caused to local roads and bridges due to the transportation of excessive loads, and shall be required to repair such damage to the approval of the PEO; Not use any vehicles, either on or off road with grossly excessive, exhaust or noise emissions. In any built up areas, noise mufflers shall be installed and maintained in good condition on all motorized equipment under the control of the Contractor; Maintain adequate traffic control measures throughout the duration of the Contract and such measures shall be subject to prior approval of the PEO; Carefully and clearly mark pedestrian-safe access routes; If school children are in the vicinity, include traffic safety personnel to direct traffic during school hours; Maintain a supply for traffic signs (including paint, easel, sign material, etc.), road marking, and guard rails to maintain pedestrian safety during construction; Conduct safety training for construction workers prior to beginning work; Provide personal protective equipment and clothing (goggles, gloves, respirators, dust masks, hard hats, steel-toed boots, etc.,) for construction workers and enforce their use; Provide post Material Safety Data Sheets for each chemical present on the worksite; Require that all workers read, or are read, all Material Safety Data Sheets. Clearly explain the risks to them and their partners, especially when pregnant or planning to start a family. Encourage workers to share the information with their physicians, when relevant; Ensure that the removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances be performed and disposed of by specially trained workers; During heavy rains or emergencies of any kind, suspend all work; and Brace electrical and mechanical equipment to withstand seismic events during the construction. A5: Environmental Training for Construction Workers During construction there will be a potential for workers to damage protected areas and waterways adjacent to camps and work areas. The Contractor shall prepare an Environmental Training Plan for all construction workers: the Plan shall address the following items: All Contractor's employees shall be required to comply with environmental protection procedures and they shall be able to provide evidence that they attended the training sessions detailed in the Plan; The Plan shall educate all construction workers on the following issues but not limited to them: fire arm possession, traffic regulations, illegal logging and collection of non-timber forestry products, non disturbance of resettlement communities, hunting and fishing restrictions, waste management, erosion control, health and safety issues, all prohibited activities, the Code of Conduct requirements and disciplinary procedures, and general information on the environment in which they will be working and living; Establishment of penalties for those who violate the rules; and Environmental Management Plan 111 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Proposed methods for conducting the training program, which shall include formal training sessions, posters, data in newsletters, signs in construction and camp areas and `tool box' meetings. Annex B: Regional Health Management Plan B-1: Main Diseases in the Project Affected Area According to the Health Study4 conducted by Ha and Kaul (2009), the most common diseases in the northwest provinces are tuberculosis (TB), malaria, HIV, traffic accidents, and other mental disorders (schizophrenia and epilepsy). In the districts affected by the TSHPP (Quan Hoa, Muong Lat, Mai Chau, and Moc Chau), the most common diseases are flu, food poisoning, pneumonia, diarrhea, traffic accident, bronchitis, dysentery, tuberculosis, malaria, goiter, mental disorders, and HIV/AIDS. The districts are also "hot spots" for illicit drugs. The area not only sells and transports drugs, but local drug consumption is very high. The northwest region of Vietnam, where there is disproportionately high incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS, exposes workers to the dangers of contracting HIV, both through intravenous drug use and unprotected sex. B-2: Diseases Brought by Construction Workers and Camp Followers Most of construction workers and camp followers come from different locations and they can bring other diseases to the area. Common health issues that can come with these groups are: STIs, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, respiratory infections, diarrhea, helminth, vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, alcohol abuse, drug addiction, zoonoses, schistosomiasis, leptospirosis, etc. B-3: Health Management Plan The Contractor shall prepare and enforce a Health Management Plan to address matters regarding the health and safety of construction workers and project staff. The Contractor shall include in his proposal the outline of the Health Plan. The Environmental Supervisor will issue a certificate of compliance to the Contractor prior to the initiation of Construction. The following measures shall be implemented by the Contractor to ensure an adequate Project Health Program: Screening of all workers on recruitment and annually; 4 "Health Impact Assessment and Public Health Action Plan for Trung Son Hydropower Project". Ly Ngoc Ha MD, MPH National Public Health Consultant and Surinder Kaul MBBS, MFPHM, FFPHM (UK) International Public Health Consultant. April 21, 2009 Environmental Management Plan 112 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Implementation of a comprehensive vaccination program including but not limited to hepatitis A and B, tetanus, polio, etc.; Implementation of anti-malaria measures following current accepted practice at the camp area and establishment of facilities for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with the disease; Storing sufficient medicines for malaria treatment; Collecting and testing sputum of individuals who are at risk for Tuberculosis(TB) infection; Storing antibiotics for treatment of respiratory infections; Storing medicines and transfusion fluid to treat food poisoning and diarrhea; Develop solutions for mass outbreaks of food poisoning; Periodic monitoring of public kitchen in construction camps; Storing and distributing vermifuges to workers; Implementation of a disease control and pest management measures at the time the construction camps are built; Distribution of free condoms to camp workers; Monitoring of health indicators to follow the trends; When buildings cannot be made mosquito proof, pyrethroid-treated nets shall be provided; Appropriate measures shall be taken subject to risk assessment and review of potential environmental affects to address mosquito control including dengue fever control; Implementation of a program for the detection and screening of sexually transmitted infections, especially with regard to HIV/AIDS, amongst laborers; Establishment of a medical center located at the main construction camp for the diagnosis and treatment of communicable diseases, simple medical complaints, and the handling of medical emergencies and accidents, prior to transportation to the hospital. The medical center shall have: A 7-10 bed health facility fully equipped to provide emergency medical care to stabilize emergency patients before they can be referred to district or provincial hospital; Essential medical equipment for the center to provide emergency care; Short term care of patients requiring hospitalization; Isolation room (one bed) for any infectious disease patient (in epidemic situations, district and provincial facilities will have to be used; Environmental Management Plan 113 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The center shall include one medical officer, one trained nurse of senior level, two medical auxiliaries, one laboratory technician (who may be also responsible for monitoring water quality in construction camp areas), one driver, and one ambulance (4WD). The smaller construction camps shall have subsidiary treatment or first aid posts staffed by either a trained nurse or a locally trained personnel, as required; Examine and screen construction workers before employment for schistosomiasis; Selection of suitable workers from the workforce who shall receive additional training in occupational health and first aid and shall form teams of two or three personnel at each work site. They shall be under the supervision of the medical officer; and Provisions shall be made for health checks of employees, including checks, where required, for drug abuse and sexually transmitted diseases in accordance with the International Labor Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO) resolutions ("ILO Code of Practice on STD HIV/AIDS and the World of Work". ILO, Geneva, June 2001). Provision shall be made for the adequate disposal of medical waste from the clinics and from any other acitivities undertaken by the medical staff. The Contractor shall include a Pest Management Program for the construction areas, including construction work camp areas, in the Project Health Program, which shall provide for: Controlling pests primarily through environmental methods. When environmental methods are not sufficient, the use of pesticides shall be considered; Promoting the safe use of all pesticides; Incorporating pest management strategies when feasible; Pesticides and shall be packaged, labeled, handled, stored and disposed of according to standards acceptable to the World Bank (OP 4.09: Pest Management) and the government of Vietnam. The Contractor shall employ a sanitation and pest management officer who shall work full time to: Control vector borne and other diseases; Ensure the continued safe disposal of all solid waste and sewage; Implement fly and other insect pest control at construction camp facilities; Implement and monitor the Pest Management Program throughout the project area including construction camps and spontaneous resettlement areas; Provide appropriate information and education to the workforce on basic personal hygiene, prevention of diseases, including respiratory diseases, vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue, water and food borne diseases such as diarrhea, STIs, and HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, etc.; Environmental Management Plan 114 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Distribute educational materials including brochures, and leaflets which provide information of TB, HIV/AIDs symptoms and counseling and treatment services; Investigate and document disease outbreaks within the Contractor's workforce; Ensure correct maintenance of water and sewage treatment plants; and To reduce the risk of workers contracting malaria, the following measures shall be followed: Education of workers about problems and preventive measures; Use of protective clothing; Repellents applied to clothing; Minimize containers full of water; Keep storm water drains and borrow pits free of vegetation; and Use insecticides as a last control method and only after studies indicate the primary location of mosquitoes. Environmental Management Plan 115 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex C: TOR for Environmental Supervision During Construction C-1: Supervisory Roles TSHPMB The TSHPMB shall create an environmental unit to manage the environmental and social effects of the Trung Son Hydroelectric project throughout its life. The TSHPMB shall employ a Project Environmental Officer (PEO) who will represent the TSHPMB for all matters related to the project and will be responsible for overall coordination of EMP implementation. The Construction Supervision Team (CST) is responsible for supervising and monitoring all construction activities and for ensuring that contractors comply with the requirements of the contracts and the EMP. The CST shall engage sufficient number of qualified staff (e.g. Environmental Engineers) with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction project management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor's performance. Contractor An Environment Team (ET) shall be established by the Contractor. The Contractor shall ensure adequate resources are available to the ET for the implementation of the EMP throughout the construction and maintenance period. The Contractor can either establish the ET and Workplace Safety and Environmental Officer (SEO) of suitably qualified and experienced staff within their organization or sub-contract to an institution experienced in EMP who would provide an ET and SEO. C-2: Qualifications The PEO shall have extensive experience (at least five years experience) in environmental management, supervision and monitoring on construction projects, and be familiar with Vietnam environmental legislatives requirements. The Environmental Engineers shall be lead by a Workplace Safety and Environmental Supervisor (SES) who shall have extensive experience (at least 5 years experience is required) in environmental management, supervision and monitoring on construction projects and be familiar with Vietnam environmental legislatives requirements. The ET shall be led by a SEO with extensive environmental management, training and monitoring experience (at least 5 years experience) in construction projects and familiar with the environmental legislatives requirements. The qualification of the proposed SEO shall be approved by the PEO prior to commencement of the project. The SEO shall be supported by a team of qualified staff. Both the SEO and ET members are required to work full time on-site. Sufficient number of staff shall be included in the team in order to carry out the duties specified in the EMP. C-3: Responsibilities The responsibilities of the CST include the following: Environmental Management Plan 116 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Supervise the Contractor's compliance with contract specifications, including the implementation and operation of environmental mitigation measures and ensure their effectiveness, and other aspects of the EMP Implementation Plan. Major non- compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non-compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the PEO. Contractors are also required to comply with national and municipal regulations governing the environment, public health and safety; Regularly monitor the performance of the ET, verifying monitoring methodologies and results. In case the SES considers that the SEO or any member of the ET fails to discharge duties or fails to comply with the contractual requirements, instruct the Contractor(s) to replace the SEO or the member of the ET; Instruct the Contractor(s) to take remedial actions within a specified timeframe, and carry out additional monitoring, if required, according to the contractual requirements and procedures in the event of non-compliances or complaints; Supervise the Contractor's activities and ensure that the requirements in the EMP and contract specifications are fully complied with; Instruct the Contractor(s) to take actions to reduce impacts and follow the required EMP procedures in case of non-compliance / discrepancies identified; Instruct the Contractor(s) to stop activities which generate adverse impacts, and/or when the Contractor(s) fails to implement the EMP requirements / remedial actions instructed by the SES or the IEMC; Participate in the joint site inspection undertaken by the ET; and Adhere to the procedures for carrying out complaint investigation. The SEO and ET are responsible for implementation and management of the EMP program. Regular environmental monitoring works, as required by the environmental legislation, shall be carried out by qualified laboratories and monitoring team. The laboratories and the monitoring team shall be considered members of the ET. The roles and responsibilities of ET and SEO are: Sampling, analysis and evaluation of monitoring parameters with reference to the EMP recommendations and requirements; Carry out environmental site surveillance to investigate and audit the Contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation implemented; Review the success of the EMP Implementation Plan to cost-effectively confirm the adequacy of mitigation measures implemented; Monitor compliance with environmental protection, pollution prevention and control measures, and contractual requirements; Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; Environmental Management Plan 117 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Audit and prepare audit reports on the environmental monitoring data and site environmental conditions; Complaint investigation, evaluation and identification of corrective measures; Advice to the Contractor on environment improvement, awareness, proactive pollution prevention measures; Engage a qualified staff, preferably a Landscape Architect to review and monitor the Contractor's submitted Landscape, Visual Impacts and Re-vegetation Plan, and to supervise the Contractor's landscaping works; Follow the procedures in the EMP and recommend suitable mitigation measures to the Contractor in the case of non-compliance / discrepancies identified. Carry out additional monitoring works within the specified timeframe instructed by the PEO; and Liaison with the Contractor and PEO on all environmental performance matters, and timely submission of EMP Implementation Plan reports to the PEO, SES, and relevant administrative authorities, if required; C-4: Prohibitions The following activities are prohibited on or near the project site; Cutting of trees for any reason outside the approved construction area; Hunting, fishing, wildlife capture, or plant collection; Buying of wild animals for food; Having caged wild animals (especially birds) in camps; Poaching of any description; Explosive and chemical fishing; Building of fires; Use of unapproved toxic materials, including lead-based paints, asbestos, etc.; Disturbance to anything with architectural or historical value; Use of firearms (except authorized security guards); Use of alcohol by workers in office hours; Washing cars or machinery in streams or creeks; Maintenance (change of oils and filters) of cars and equipment outside authorized areas: Driving in an unsafe manner in local roads; Working without proper safety equipment (including boots and helmets); Environmental Management Plan 118 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities; The use of rivers and streams for washing clothes; Disposing garbage in unauthorized places; Indiscriminate disposal of rubbish or construction wastes or rubble; Littering the site; Spillage of potential pollutants, such as petroleum products; Collection of firewood; Urinating or defecating outside the designated facilities; and Burning of wastes and/or cleared vegetation. Any construction worker, office staff, Contractor's employees, the Client's employees or any other person related to the project found violating theses prohibitions will be subject to disciplinary actions that can range from a simple reprimand to termination of his/her employment depending on the seriousness of the violation. Environmental Management Plan 119 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex D: Guidelines for Safety and Community Relations Plans In addition to the RLDP (and its 3 components Resettlement Plan, Community Livelihood Improvement Plan and Ethnic Minorities Development Plan, the contractor will be required to complete a Community Relations and Community Safety Plan. D-1: Community Relations and Community Safety Plan Community Relations To enhance adequate community relations the Contractor shall: Inform the population about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate; Limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures; and At least five days in advance of any service interruption (including water, electricity, telephone, and bus routes) the community must be advised through postings at the project site, at bus stops, and in affected homes/businesses. A separate Community Relation Plan for the Project will be prepared by the TSHPMB, which will include: Means to maintain open communications between the local government and concerned communities; Have a mailing list to include agencies, organization, and residents that are interested in the project; Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, project status and project implementation results; Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during project phase; Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the project progresses; Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner; and Modify the Community Relation Plan for changes in community needs as necessary to be accurate during different project implementation phases. D-2: Community Safety Reservoir Filling Environmental Management Plan 120 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The Contractor shall, with no less than 30 days prior notice, inform the Environmental Supervisor and the local authorities of any planned construction events that will raise the water level in the reservoir and that could result in stranding or drowning any inhabitants in the area. Traffic Safety The Contractor will work with local communities and community leaders to implement a community traffic and safety program aimed at minimizing traffic related risks during the construction phase (see also Annex A-4). The community traffic safety program will consist of the following: Present the community with details regarding maximum permissible vehicular speed on each section of road; Establish safe sight distance in both construction areas and construction camp sites; Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate traffic movement, provide directions to various components of the works, and provide safety advice and warning. All signs shall be in English and Vietnamese language and be constructed according to Vietnamese specifications; Use selected routes to the project site, as agreed with the PEO, and appropriately sized vehicles suitable to the class of roads in the area, and restrict loads to prevent damage to local roads and bridges used for transportation purposes; Be held responsible for any damage caused to local roads and bridges due to the transportation of excessive loads, and shall be required to repair such damage; Not use any vehicles, either on or off road with grossly excessive, exhaust or noise emissions. In any built up areas, noise mufflers shall be installed and maintained in good condition on all motorized equipment under the control of the Contractor; Maintain adequate traffic control measures throughout the duration of construction; Carefully and clearly mark pedestrian-safe access routes; If school children are in the vicinity, include traffic safety personnel to direct traffic during school hours; Maintain a supply for traffic signs (including paint, easel, sign material, etc.), road marking, and guard rails to maintain pedestrian safety during construction; Conduct safety awareness programs in local schools and community facilities. Blasting The contractor shall ensure that blasting does not pose a risk to local residents or communities through the implementation of the following (see also Annex A). The contractor shall warn local communities and/or residents that could be disturbed by noise generating activities such as blasting well in advance and shall keep such activities to a minimum; Environmental Management Plan 121 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP In sensitive areas (including residential neighborhoods, hospitals, rest homes, schools, etc.) more strict measures may need to be implemented to prevent undesirable noise levels; Blasting shall not be carried out within 200 m of residences or local communities; Before blasting is carried out, a detailed survey shall be conducted at nearby communities to evaluate the degree of impacts due to the blasting activity (e.g. possible damage to structures or infrastructure due to vibration, effects on animals, local residents, etc.); Environmental Management Plan 122 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex E: Chance Find Procedures Background The report on Investigation of Tangible Cultural Resources in the Area of the Trung Son Hydropower Project documents the current archaeological, historical and culturally significant landscapes within the TSHPP area. Several burial sites, holy places and artifacts will be directly affected and potential salvage methods and proposals are included in the Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan. Additional physical and cultural resources (chance finds) may be encountered during construction. These Chance Find Procedures, which identify what measures should be taken in the event that physical cultural resources are encountered, outlined here, will be included in the Construction Management Plan and in bidding documents, and will be supervised by the Environmental Supervision. The Contractor will develop a Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan that identifies what measures shall be taken to protect these cultural resources. Physical Cultural Resources in the Trung Son Area All areas where artifacts and cultural spots were discovered were at a medium altitude and had some form of water supply year-round. Investigations found 11 sites, seven of which are within the new reservoir area. Twenty six Metal Age artifacts (five bronze, 20 stone and one bone-horn objects) and several historical artifacts (one bronze bar and a collection of zinc coins) were also collected from several villages. Artifacts impacted by the TSHP will be donated to government institutes according to the Law on Culture Heritage in order to preserve and display national cultural heritage artifacts. The location of known sites and typical artifacts found and that are likely to be found during construction are presented in the Box of the following page. Although these procedures cover archaeological finds such as the ones described above, the procedures apply to all types of physical cultural resources defined as "movable or immovable objects, sites, structures or groups of structures having archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance". Ownership All findings belong to the Government of Vietnam. The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism will determine the final destination of any artifact that is salvaged during the construction process. Recognition The Contractor will train all workers, especially those working on earth movements and excavations, on recognition of artifacts most likely to be found in the area. The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, or any other recognized Historical or Archaeological Institute can be requested to provide this training Environmental Management Plan 123 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Physical Cultural Resources in the Trung Son Project Area Archeological Sites in Trung Son Area T c-dated coins Procedure upon Discovery Suspension of Work Environmental Management Plan 124 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall: Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find; Delineate the discovered site or area; Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities or the National Culture Administration take over; After stopping work, the contractor must immediately report the discovery to the Supervision Engineer and Environmental Supervisor. The contractor is not entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period. The Supervision Engineer is entitled to suspend work and to request from the contractor some excavations at the contractor's expense if he thinks that a discovery was made and not reported. Demarcation of the Discovery Site With the approval of the Supervision Engineer and Environmental Supervisor, the Contractor is then required to temporarily demarcate, and limit access to, the site. Non-Suspension of Work The Supervision Engineer and Environmental Supervisor are entitled to decide whether the PCR can be removed and for the work to continue, for example in cases where the find is a small object. Chance Find Report The Contractor should then, at the request of the Supervision Engineer or the Environmental Supervisor, and within a period of two working days, make a Chance Find Report, recording: Date and time of discovery; Location of the discovery; Description of the PCR; Estimated weight and dimensions of the PCR; Temporary protection implemented. The Chance Find Report should be submitted to the Supervision Engineer, who will then submit it to TSHPMB and notify the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the finding. Arrival and Actions of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism Prior arrangements with the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the Ministry will be requested to send a representative that will arrive at the discovery site within 24 to 48 hours, and determine the action to be taken. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed by the archeologists of Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values. Subsequent actions may include, but not be limited to: Removal of PCR deemed to be of significance; Execution of further excavation within a specified distance of the discovery point; Extension or reduction of the area demarcated by the contractor. These actions should be taken within 7 days. Environmental Management Plan 125 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The contractor will not be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period. If the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism fail to arrive within the stipulated period, the Supervision Engineer will have the authority to extend the period by two days. If the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism fail to arrive after the extension period, the Supervision Engineer will have the authority to instruct the Contractor to remove the PCR or undertake other mitigating measures and resume work. Such additional works can be charged to the contract. However, the contractor may not be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period. Further Suspension of Work During this 7-day period, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism will be entitled to request the temporary suspension of the work at or in the vicinity of the discovery site for an additional period of up to, for example, 30 days. The contractor will not be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period. However, the contractor will be entitled to establish an agreement with the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism for additional services or resources during this further period under a separate contract with the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Restart of Works Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities or the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism concerning safeguard of the heritage. Environmental Management Plan 126 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex F: Terms of Reference for Approach to Intact Rivers Management F-1: Background The Trung Son Hydropower Project (TSHPP) is a medium sized hydropower project that is intended to serve as a best practice example of future development of Vietnam's power sector. It will be installed with a capacity of 260 megawatt (MW), generating an annual total of 1.018 gigawatt hour (GWh) to the national power grid. The project will also provide downstream flood control benefits, supplement water supplies during the dry season and be used as an alternative energy resource for global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. Key components of the TSHPP include the following: An 84.5m high dam with a crest length of 513 m; A total reservoir area of 13.13 km2, with a volume of 348.5 million m3; A 20.4 km long access road; A number of borrow pits; A construction work camp for approximately 4000 workers; and Transmission lines The total project cost is estimated at $412 million U.S. dollars (USD). F-2: Fish Impacts Arising From Development of the TSHPP According to Duc (2008), the fish diversity in the Ma River basin affected by the Trung Son Hydropower Project is considered high. A total of 198 species, including 9 species listed in Vietnam Red data book, occur in the project affected area. All species are widely distributed in rivers of North and Northern Central Vietnam and some species are found in rivers of the middle central of Vietnam. Though species richness is high, fish and aquatic resources are not in good condition and may even be in strong decline. Fish catches are only about 80% compared to the last 10 years. Nine species that have produced large catches in the past are now caught in much lower numbers. One species originally present now appears to be absent. In the absence of hydropower development the following is expected regarding fisheries in the Ma River Basin: Fish production will continue to decline due to overexploitation, habitat loss and modification and pollution; Little change to migration patterns is expected; Habitat integrity is expected to remain good in upstream areas, but be modified in downstream freshwater, estuarine and coastal areas; Nutrient loads are expected to increase in downstream areas as a result of pollution leading to greater eutrophication. Environmental Management Plan 127 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP In addition to these effects, the construction and operation of the Trung Son dam will result in a variety of upstream and downstream impacts on fish resources depending on timing and location, including the following: Construction Sedimentation during construction of the dam and access road; Water pollution from spills and chemicals; Use of explosives; Wastes from camps and other sources; Overfishing; and Improper clearing of the reservoir and increased eutrophication. Filling and Operation Conversion of riverine to lake habitat and impacts on fish composition; Impacts on water quality due to nutrient loading; Modification to river flows; Habitat modification and impacts on spawning and reproduction; Changes in fish production; Barriers to migratory species; Downstream impacts to aquatic species due to changes in flow and water quality; Impacts to fisheries of economic value; F-3: Justification of an Intact Rivers Program in the Ma River One means of mitigating the effects of the Trung Son dam is to ensure that selected branches of the Ma River system remain unaltered and unaffected. This would need to consist of a complete unaltered sub-basin with no dams or barriers and a high level of protection from other impacts such as mining-related pollution, forestry, wastewater pollution from urban areas, and destructive fishing practices. Having a completely unaltered system would preserve the ecological connectivity within one branch of the system and provide species with inter-habitat migration from one part of the basin to another. Duc (2008) recommended that two complete river sub-basins of the Ma River should be kept free from barriers and activities that impact fish biodiversity. Keeping these two sub-basins "intact" will ensure that a full sequence of fish habitats and migratory routes is protected in the Ma River. Potential candidate sub- basins are: for such an intact rivers scheme are the Buoi River and the Luong River. Environmental Management Plan 128 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The Buoi River has a length of 85 km. It originates in the Tan Lac district, flows across Lac Son district (Hoa Binh province), Thach Thanh district and Vinh Loc district (Thanh Hoa province) and then flows into Ma River at Vinh Hoa. The Luong River has a length of about 50 km. It originates in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, enters Vietnam and then flows across Quan Son and Quan Hoa districts (Thanh Hoa) entering into the Ma River at Hoi Xuan. Based on this evaluation, the following is a description of how an Intact Rivers program could be established for these two sub-basins. Objective The objective of the study is to analyze the technical and legal feasibility for the establishment of an intact river program in the Buoi and Luong River sub-basins of the Ma River. Legal feasibility There is no precedent in Vietnam for an intact rivers approach to river management and no legal basis for protection and management of a river as a whole ecosystem. The study will analyze the legal framework in Vietnam and suggest alternative legal options for establishing a protected ecosystem in the two selected sub-basins. The study will also analyze the institutional arrangements that will be necessary to implement such protection. Technical feasibility In addition to the legal assessment, a technical assessment is necessary to determine the feasibility of an intact rivers approach in these two sub basins. The technical assessment should consider the following: Existing baseline conditions in each sub-basin: hydrology, land use, water quality (mainly based on existing information on the Ma river basin, Water Resources Institute for instance); Fish biodiversity within the sub-basins and their relationship with the entire Ma River system; Assessment of aquatic ecosystem quality ­ water quality and flow, benthos, phytoplankton, zooplankton and other variables important to fish; Fisheries: existing fisheries activities along the sub-basins: fishing effort, location, fishing practices, captures; Impacts of the Trung Son Dam, if any; Existing threats to aquatic biodiversity in each sub-basin such as: mining activities, habitat destruction, wastewater discharges, unsustainable fishing practices; Cumulative effects assessment and watershed mapping; and Existing institutional arrangements for the protection of biodiversity and specifically fish biodiversity in the two sub-basins; Specific Details of the Intact Rivers Program Environmental Management Plan 129 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The study will propose a series of legal, institutional and regulatory measures to protect fish biodiversity in the two sub-basins, including but not limited to the following: Identify data gaps in both sub-basins and how they should be filled; Commitments to prohibit the imposition of barriers (hydropower dams and other structures); Commitments to remove any human existing barriers already in place to by pass them with fish passage devices; Legally define an area of protection of the proposed streams, to protect riverine forests and habitats, where conflicting activities will be strictly controlled or regulated; Control, limit or prohibit sand and aggregate mining in the river channel and river banks for the length of the intact rivers, their embankments and branches of the rivers; Impose strict controls on terrestrial mining in the area of protection of the rivers to prevent pollutants and sediments from entering the intact river system; Prohibit the construction of roads and road infrastructure that may impact the integrity of the intact river watershed or establish the environmental criteria to allow such infrastructure to be built; Control, limit or prohibit the establishment of new settlements, industrial areas and other new human activities within the intact river watershed area; Manage, control or restrict human activities and industries already occurring in the intact river watershed to reduce any current impacts on the streams and prevent any new impacts; Propose bans on destructive fishing practices (use of explosives, for instance), impose seasonal fishing restrictions, and other measures, and establish mechanisms for enforcing this bans; Identify areas and opportunities for fisheries compensation such as stocking Environmental education, awareness and sensitivity programs for communities living along the intact rivers; Monitoring programs for fish biodiversity in the basins; and Development of inter-institutional and cooperative management mechanisms for program implementation. Each proposed program will include: A technically detailed description of each mitigation measure; A timetable (chronogram) of planned activities; A budget of all necessary investment and recurrent costs Environmental Management Plan 130 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP A clear definition of institutional responsibilities (all levels of government, national, provincial, local for the implementation of each mitigation measure including (i)design; (ii) supervision; (iii) enforcement; and (iv) monitoring; and An analysis of the institutional capacity of all agencies that will participate in the intact river program. Duration and Costs 6 months, US$100,000 Environmental Management Plan 131 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex G: De-commissioning and Abandonment Initial decommissioning and reinstatement studies have been completed by VICA (n.d.). By the end of the construction phase, TSHPMB will prepare a formal dam decommissioning and abandonment plan, including the following: Removal of all structures and equipment Removal of all associated infrastructure ­ roads, transmission lines etc. Waste removal and management Safety issues Reclamation of disturbed land Land use Socio-economic and land redistribution Restoration of river flows Restoration of riverine habitats and ecological condition Restoration of other disturbed areas Flood protection This plan is included in a specific report included in project documents. Environmental Management Plan 132 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex H: Camp Follower Management Plan Hydropower projects typically initiate a construction "boom". This will to some extent give opportunities for paid work for local people but there will always be an influx of outside workforce and camp followers (families, traders, merchants, etc.). The camp followers generally locate themselves in areas adjacent to camp locations, resulting in serious impacts not only on the local communities (loss of land), but also the environment (uncontrolled use of fuel wood, wildlife for food, and contamination of nearby waterways through inadequate waste management). Spontaneous settlement areas are also associated with increased risk for spread of HIV/AIDS and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI). At the same time, camp followers can be exposed to endemic diseases such as dengue and malaria, respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, food poisoning and traffic accidents. These camp followers will require services such as housing, water and sanitation, and health services. To avoid damage to the surrounding and agricultural areas, contamination to nearby waterways and to minimize the impact of these camp followers in the local communities, TSHPMB shall work with the Construction Contractor to provide areas outside formal construction camps for camp followers. TSHPMB shall prepare a Camp Followers Management Plan which shall include the following: Selection of adequate areas for the settlement of camp followers. Camp followers shall be provided with health services and have access to local health facilities and clinics. Camp followers shall be provided with minimum services such as potable water (standpipes), latrines, collection and disposition of solid wastes, electricity, etc. The Contractor's responsibilities with the camp followers shall be defined and established by TSHPMB. Given the high level of uncertainties regarding camp followers, in which estimates range widely as the number of camp followers, the preparation of the camp followers plan will response to actual monitoring of the movement of followers into the area. Environmental Management Plan 133 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex I: Cumulative Effects Assessment Framework I-1: Background The following framework is intended to assist environmental and social professionals of the TSHPMB in undertaking a cumulative effects assessment of the TSHPP and its associated auxiliary facilities. This framework has been adapted to consider the specific needs and challenges associated with the cumulative effects assessment of development in the Trung Son area and vicinity. I-2: Definition of Cumulative Effects Cumulative effects assessment is a means of determining the impacts of other projects and activities in addition to the project under consideration. The US Council on Environmental Quality (1997) defines CEA as follows: "the impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action when added to their past, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (federal or non-federal) or person undertakes such other action". Hegman et al. (1999) define cumulative effects as changes to the environment that are caused by an action in combination with other past, present and future actions. A Cumulative Effects Assessment is simply an evaluation of those effects. Cumulative effects address impacts not normally considered at the Project level, including the following: Effects on the environment from multiple projects in a larger, regional area which may have multiple jurisdictional or administrative responsibilities; Effects that extend into the past and also into the future; The impacts of multiple projects and activities on valued ecological and social components, not just the project under consideration; and Evaluates the significance of these effects and prescribes comprehensive management actions. I-3: Completion of a CEA The Macleod Institute (1998) identified the following key elements that need to be considered in a CEA: Issue identification ­ a balanced approach to the identification of issues of concern through a thorough understanding of the project and its effects, involving a process of baseline characterization, expert involvement and consultation with affected parties; Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) ­ the identification of social and environmental issues, resources and species of public concern; Indicators ­ the identification of key indicators; Spatial bounding ­ the determination of spatial limits of the analysis depending on projects and activities and valued ecosystem components. Environmental Management Plan 134 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Temporal bounding ­ the setting of time limits including past (pre-development), present and future events; Included projects ­ the identification of all existing and reasonably foreseeable developments and activities that have the potential to affect the same resource or VEC as the TSHPP. Where possible, only those projects of known footprint should be considered; Assessment methods ­ the selection of qualitative and quantitative methods for conducting the CEA; Impact characterization ­ the characterization of the impact using standard EIA considerations (extent, duration, frequency, magnitude etc.) and considering probability of occurrence and uncertainty; Significance of cumulative effects ­ determination of the significance of the effect; and Future management options ­ identifying mitigation and management actions. A modified five-step approach is suggested for conducting a CEA of other activities in conjunction with the TSHPP: Step 1: Describe the project, its setting and other projects and activities that may give rise to cumulative effects; Step 2: Identify key project related contributions to cumulative effects on selected resources of concern; Step 3: Assess the level of cumulative effects; Step 4: Determine the significance of cumulative effects; and Step 5: Prescribe mitigation or management action. Step 1: Describe the TSHPP and Its Setting The first step in the CEA is to describe the project and its phases (construction, operation and abandonment), including key components that may give rise to cumulative effects. This will include the following: · Phases and timing of the project; · Description of the dam and project area of influence; · Description of offsite facilities ­ access roads, camps, borrow pits etc.; · Areas sensitive to construction ­ steep slopes, wetlands, river crossings, protected areas, environmentally sensitive areas, geotechnical hazard etc.; · Access roads; and · Emission sources. At the same time, the environmental and social setting should be described, based on work completed in the TSHPP EIA including the following (but not necessarily limited to): Air quality; Water ­ surface and groundwater; Soils and vegetation; Environmental Management Plan 135 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Wildlife; Fisheries and aquatic resources; Land use; Protected areas; Cultural resources; and Socio-economic resources Once the project issues have been considered, the next step is to consider the past, present and possible future projects and activities within a defined temporal and spatial framework. The evaluation of other projects and activities should consider the following: Include those projects of known footprint that can be assessed; Consider a time frame that extends backwards to a pre-development scenario and forwards as realistically as possible; Include projects that are approved, awaiting approval, announced or under design; Include those projects whose environmental and social impacts and contribution to cumulative effects can be reasonably predicted; and Discuss pending projects with regulators and incorporating the concerns of affected stakeholders. Step 2: Identify key project related contributions to cumulative effects on selected resources of concern The EIA and SESIA have identified key issues of concern associated with the design, construction, operation and abandonment of the project and its phases. Impacts associated with construction Impacts of increased access; Effects on native vegetation, wildlife and protected areas; Impacts on surface water quality and quantity; Downstream impacts on water quality, quantity and aquatic resources; Loss of archaeological and cultural resources; Impacts on land use and loss of productive land; and Resettlement and associated social and community impacts. The CEA should identify key resources and issues that may be affected by the project throughout all phases in conjunction with other projects and activities. Hegmann et al. (2004) suggest the following questions should be answered: Environmental Management Plan 136 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Are other projects and activities in the defined project area affecting the resource? Do the effects of the project overlap or increase the effects on the resource? Do the effects of the project have a potential to affect the long-term sustainability of the resource? Step 3: Assess the level of cumulative effects The next step in the CEA process is to assess the level of cumulative effects. This uses a similar methodology to that traditionally employed in the EIA, the difference being in that CEA assesses the impacts of other projects and activities, in addition to the project in a defined spatial and temporal framework. For each resource/issue in question the cumulative effects should consider typical components of an EIA assessment ­ extent, frequency, duration, magnitude, uncertainty and probability. Step 4: Determine the significance of cumulative effects Once the cumulative effect or impact has been determined, the significance of that effect must be considered relative to an established threshold limit, an established legal guideline or policy, or a qualitative assessment based on professional opinion and consultation. In any case, the significance of the cumulative effect must be defensible. The significance of the cumulative effect and the contribution of the project must be subsequently evaluated by project decision makers. Hegmann et al. (2004) state that significance should be based on one of the following: The project has a measurable effect on the resource; The project acts in conjunction with the effects of past present or future projects and activities; The project in conjunction with other projects and activities shifts the resource to an unacceptable level or exceeds a threshold such that the impact is considered significant, in that: The project's contribution to cumulative effects is responsible for exceeding the threshold and therefore is significant; and The project is contributing with the effects of other projects and activities and the project contribution may or may not be significant, depending on the level of the contribution. Step 5: Describe mitigation and management actions Once the significance and responsibility for the cumulative effect is determined, mitigation can be applied at both the project and regional level. Mitigation and management actions may involve the following: Project level mitigation to reduce the significance of the contribution of the project to cumulative effects; Cooperative mitigation measures between project proponents to reduce cumulative effects, or Environmental Management Plan 137 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Regional intervention on behalf of government or regulators to reduce the overall cumulative effect through the establishment of thresholds or policy intervention. Regional intervention should be done early on in the individual project decision-making process. Ideally proponents should be encouraged to assess cumulative effects with the full engagement of decision-makers to avoid the "straw that breaks the camel's back". Furthermore, the results of this study will provide updated information for government authorities in order to assist them to develop a management plan for the Ma River watershed. Cumulative effects assessment has been described as EIA being done well. As such, it is an attempt to consider environmental and social impacts beyond the single project level, while providing proponents and government regulators a management framework from which to plan development at a regional scale. Environmental Management Plan 138 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex J: Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan First of all, the Executing Agency (EVN), TSHPP MB and HC should commit to strictly implement following overall mitigation measures: Using advanced equipments/ technology that minimize environmental pollution and applying relevant technical measures to minimize discharge of hazardous materials (dusts, noise, wastes etc.); gathering and properly treating solid and liquid wastes; vegetation clearance of reservoir before water filling; Developing and implementing strict regulations for management of construction explosives, fuels and chemicals during construction phase and preventing leaking/spill of petrol, diesel, chemicals from storehouses Developing and implementing Construction Workers Camp Management Plan which including prohibition of timber logging, NTFPs harvest, hunting/trapping and consumption of wildlife and their parts in the area. Below, are specific mitigation measures related to terrestrial biodiversity and NRs. Strengthening conservation capacity of NR: To enable MBs of 3 NRs effectively implement mitigation measures and safeguard biodiversity values of the NRs As the official bodies responsible for management and biodiversity conservation in NRs, MBs of Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NR will directly participate in implementation of most of mitigation measures. Capacity of these MBs need to be enhanced to effectively fulfill their responsibilities. Enhancement of MB's conservation capacity will consists of strengthening NRs infrastructure, equipment supply and increasing number of staff members and skill training for staff members. Main activities include: - Relocate Ta Com Guard Station (Pu Hu NR) which will be inundated when reservoir water filling (Compensation for loss). - Construct a new Guard station in right shore of Ma Rive(location between Pieng Village of Trung Son Commune and main dam) to control illegal forest product exploitation and other violations in Pu Hu NR and its adjacent buffer zone along lines of Project head works and Reservoir. MB of Pu Hu NR will be responsible for providing forest guards and running this Guard station - Constructing a new Guard station close to Dong Ta Lao Village to control illegal forest product exploitation and other violations in Xuan Nha NR and its adjacent buffer zone along Reservoir and Head works line. MB of Pu Hu NR will be responsible for providing forest guards and running this Guard station - Installing additional boundary demarcation posts to make clear NR boundary along TSHPP lines and FS&FCAs - Providing patrol and monitoring equipment (GPS, binoculars, cameras) for MB of Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NRs. - Providing motorcycles, motorboats and communication systems for 2 new Guard stations for their patrol and enforcement activities - Providing equipment of forest fire fighting (pumping machines, water fire arms, fire extinguishers, etc.) for Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NRs. Environmental Management Plan 139 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP - Training staff members of Pu Hu, Xuan Nha and Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NRs on enforcement skills and biodiversity conservation techniques. - Hiring 20 local residents as contracted staff members to strengthen forest patrol and enforcement for Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NR. MBs of Pu Hu, Xuan Nha and Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NRs will be responsible for implementation of these activities through a contract with TSHPP MB. EMU will monitor and supervise the implementation process. TSHPP will responsible for funding these activities. Strengthening forest patrolling and law enforcement: To minimize impacts that increase threats to forests and biodiversity of NRs (forest clearance for agriculture, hunting/trapping wildlife, timber and NTFPs harvest, forest fire, etc.) and its buffer zone. The TSHPP will increase severeness of existing threats to biodiversity values of Pu Hu, Xuan Nha and Hang Kia- Pa Co NRs (forest clearance for agriculture, hunting/trapping wildlife, timber and NTFPs harvest, forest fire, etc.). Strengthening patrolling and enforcement activities will reduce the pressure on biodiversity of the NRs. Main activities include: - Strengthening forest patrol in NRs for violations of forest clearing for agriculture, timber extraction, NTFPs harvest, wildlife hunting/trapping, burning by illegal encroachers, and applying strict enforcement measures. - Conducting regular patrol during vegetation clearing in reservoir and FS&FCAs: 1) to prevent forest over-logging or timbers extraction outside allowable lines, especially from NRs; 2) to control vegetation burnings for reservoir cleaning to prevent forest fire. - Establishing and operating Forest Fire Control Board (FFCB) with participation of TSHPP MB, HC, MBs of Pu Hu NR, Xuan Nha NR and local commune authorities. FFCB is responsible for coordinating activities related to forest fire prevention and extinguishing (providing firefighting equipment, delivery instructions on use of forest fire prevention techniques, organizing forest fire fighting repetition, coordinating fire fighting in case of happening, etc.) - Regular patrol of vegetation burnings made by local residents for upland field preparation in buffer zones to prevent forest fire. - Regularly patrolling NRs along Head construction lines for violations of waste disposal and remedy it. - Regularly checking (at least, every 3 months) local markets, restaurants, eating shops, souvenir shops, traditional medicine stores, ornamental plant shops etc. along 15 roads (from crossing Road 6 in Mai Chau District of Hoa Binh Province to Quan Hoa town of Quan Hoa District, Thanh hoa Province), Quan Hoa Town and Construction areas for any violations on wildlife trade and remedy - Enhancing participation of local communities in NR management: currently, participation of local communities in NR management are still weak. MBs of the NRs have very little funding for this measure, consequently, very low income the local households can get from NR management activities. This reduces their interest in forest protection and keeping high rate of violations. Possible participatory management activities includes: 1) Meeting with local households for explaining NR management objectives and developing "Huong Uoc" (Village agreement) on refusing timber extraction, NTFPs harvest, wildlife hunting/trapping, forest Environmental Management Plan 140 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP clearing for agriculture, etc. 2) To establish and operate Village and Commune Forest Protection Teams which will join NR forest rangers for forest patrol, 3) Allocation of NR forests to households for protection and others. MBs of Pu Hu, Xuan Nha and Hang Kia ­ Pa Co NR will be responsible for implementation of these activities. MBs will collaborate with local authorities and appropriate governmental organizations to ensure their effective implementation. Funding for most of these activities will come from governmental annually budget allocated to each NR (as in Investment plan for the NR). Some activities will be funded by TSHPP. Minimization of vegetation clearing and Rehabilitation in reservoir area and construction sites: To minimize vegetation clearing for construction activities and restore vegetation cover and its ecological functions. During construction phase about 1,441.07 ha of plantation and 68.34 ha of natural forests in buffer zone of Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NRs will be lost. Most of these areas will be permanently lost due to reservoir filling and head works footprints (powerhouse, administration house, roads, etc.), small part is just temporarily destroyed for construction grounds (work camp sites, quarries, material-storing grounds, vicinity of head construction footprint, etc.). The area of temporary vegetation loss will be larger than actual construction footprint (about 30% as usually). The direct loss of biodiversity values by these activities are not significant but environment effect will be considerable (increase soil erosion, water contamination, reduction of watershed protection function, etc.). The rehabilitation of these areas will mitigate negative effect for local environment and also provide certain contribution to biodiversity conservation in the area (providing more habitats, refuges, food source, reduction of habitat fragmentation). Main activities include: - Developing Vegetation-clearing Plan which enforces the minimization of vegetation disturbance in vicinity of construction sites. - Rehabilitation in the reservoir area: slopes above the cleared slopes of the reservoir which are open land or covered by largely grasses will need to be planted with tree species to reduce erosion and land slippage along the reservoir. Principally, all forested area destroyed by TSHPP (about 1,500 ha) must be compensatory re-planted to restore forest environment services. However, considering already high forest coverage of the area (about 70%), and lack of bare land for re-planting, the area of planting for re-afforestation can be less than 1,500 ha, but at least as 500 ha. The rest portion will be compensated by scattered planting along roads, settlements and enrichment of secondary forests in buffer zone close to Head construction sites. - Rehabilitation of areas at constructions sites: Restoration of cleared areas, quarries which are no longer use, spoil areas, construction roads, construction camp areas, borrow areas, stockpile areas, working platform and any areas temporarily occupied during construction of the work should be undertaken using landscaping, provision of adequate drainage and re- vegetation. Rehabilitation should be commenced at the earliest possible opportunity. Furthermore, Co Luong ­ Co Me transport road just runs along edge of Ma River, therefore, planting in both side of the road is necessary as erosion and landslide will occur if not protected early. Environmental Management Plan 141 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appropriate local species of vegetation should be used. Experts should be consulate for identification of relevant plant species, growing techniques and plantation management for each rehabilitation sites. For forest rehabilitation in NRs or close to its boundary, only indigenous tree species will be used. Some tree species of high economic values such as Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Chukrasia sp., Melia azedarach, sp. can be used. The used of introduced species such as Acacia spp., Eucaliptus spp., should be prohibited. All temporary camp sites and project areas could be planted with fast growing species. These areas do not need to have the most expensive and valuable species planted as these sites will be more stable than open slopes near roads and other construction sites - Monitoring to ensure that clearing of vegetation does not exceed the requirements of the construction contract; disturbed areas have been re-graded to conform the natural topography and re-vegetation process has been started and planted plants are survived on sites The HC is responsible for development of Vegetation-clearing Plan and submit TSHPP MB, and MONRE for approval. Then the HC will be responsible for determining the locations of areas that will be disturbed during the construction period and responsible for re-grading and rehabilitation of the disturbed areas after construction finished. EMU will conduct monitoring of the processes. EMU can invite relevant experts from MARD and DONRE for field inspection. Fund for these activities will come from TSHPP. Monitoring program for impacts on Endangered wildlife species in NRs: Get better understanding of population status and ecological requirements of wildlife species of NICS in Pu Hu NR and Xuan Nha NR. Developing detailed management plan for potential most affected species. Preliminary studies of fauna in 3 NRs have identified 66 animal species of NICS including 56 species of nationally endangered and 37 species of globally endangered. However, population status in the NRs and ecological requirements of these species are poorly known. Furthermore, two wildlife groups of high conservation significance (Primates and Turtles/tortoises) are identified as highly vulnerable to impacts of TSHPP and other human impacts. Monitoring program will help to obtain data on population status and their ecological requirements which are utmost important for effective conservation of these wildlife groups. The monitoring will also determine changes in population size and habitat use, movement of the species due to impacts of TSHPP which will help to apply relevant remedy measures. Main activities include: - Status survey to assess population status and distribution of Primate, turtles/tortoises and other species of NICS in Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NRs: during the Preparation phase, the survey will be conducted to determine actual population size and distribution areas of these species. Determination of population size of primates will involve transect census and point counting of gibbon calls, for turtle/tortoises direct transect counting and mark-recapture techniques could be used. Status survey will be conducted in Preparation year. Environmental Management Plan 142 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP - Developing and implementing Monitoring program for impacts of TSHPP on endangered wildlife species in Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NRs: based on results of status survey, detailed monitoring program for most endangered species will be developed and implemented. The monitoring programs should focus on species composition, group/population size and dynamics, home range change, feeding habits, habitat quality, disturbance level. The data collected must be as quantitative as possible. The monitoring indicators include density of species or rate of direct animas sightings, density of animal activity signs (track, dropping, calls, etc.), group/population size and structure, home range change, habitat suitability, disturbance rate (hunting camps, number of traps, habitat disturbances) founds. The monitoring will begin in first years of Construction phase, repeat in 4-th year of Construction phase and the first year of Operational phase (3 years with 2-3 surveys per year will be conducted). - Conducting training on techniques of biodiversity monitoring for MBs of Pu Hu and Xuan Nha NRs: Technical staff members of the MBs should be properly trained on techniques of biodiversity monitoring (species identification skill, use of survey equipment, survey methods, data analysis, etc.). Training will consists of short classroom theorical background explanation and mainly practical training in the field. The experience could also be obtained by participating in the biodiversity baseline survey and status survey of monitoring species. Wildlife experts from scientific institutes will be invited for training and supervising/ backstopping of the monitoring programs. TSHPP will provide fund for these activities. MBs of Pu Hu NR and Xuan Nha NR will be responsible for implementation of these activities through contract with TSHPP MB. MBs of Pu Hu NR and Xuan Nha NR should invite wildlife experts from scientific institute (such as Center for Biodiversity and Biosafety, Institute of Ecology and Biological Recourses, etc.) for technical support and scientific backstop. EMU will supervise the process. Developing model of Community-based forest management (CBFM) for FS&FCA No.3: Develop CBFM program in FS&FCA No.3 to decrease pressure on Pu Hu NR and Xuan Nha NR and to improve livelihoods of resettled people. The specific objectives are: - Undertake the re-afforestation and improvement of existing forests necessary for watershed protection and biodiversity conservation - Establish firm community control over the use of forest resources and forest lands - Develop production of forest products, including timber, fuel wood, fodders and other NTFPs that will contribute to household earnings - Involve the resettled villages in planning and management of forest products Poverty level in buffer zone communes remained high and livelihoods are often based at the subsistence level, relying on forest and aquatic resources. Forest and related vegetations remain important sources of the livelihoods. Increasing local human populations and carrying capacity, un-regulated extractions of forest resources and forest clearing for agriculture and settlement have gradually declined their reliance on forest as well as deteriorated the forest environment. Establishment of NRs also significantly reduces access of local populations to forest products while alternative sources have not been introduced. As such for many residents there is no incentive to participate actively in the forest management. Environmental Management Plan 143 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP The aim of CBFM is that local communities will be able to receive increased cash benefits and sustainable amount of NTFPs through forest land allocation, establishment of sustainable forest management practices and investments in community forestry. Using participatory approaches, a land use and land allocation will be proposed based on community and commune priorities. Based on the land allocation different forest management options will be explored and decided upon. The CBFM plan will include forest protection, Production forest planting and enrichment, and forest allocated for NTFPs. Through extension services including, but not limited to, training in forest planting, setting harvest limits and timber harvesting and processing, and management, the communities will be able to establish CBFM. A total of 507 households will be relocated for TSHPP construction. They are all ethnic people (Thai and H'Mong minorities) which have high poverty level, relying on dis-advanced agricultural cultivation and forest products. Four FS &FCAs have been proposed for TSHPP. According to land use planning for FS&FCAs until 2011 land for agriculture to be allocated to resettled households is limited, this means the people have to rely on forestry production for their livelihood. CBFM will help the households to better earn their livelihood through community forestry approaches. A vast area of forestry land (Production forests and Watershed protection forests) and non-used land (bare lands, grasslands) exist in all proposed FS&FCA. This provides favorite conditions for application of CBFM Plan. Main activities include: - Prepare a profile of FS&FCA No.3 (location, socio-cultural, biophysical, land and forest resource use, economic status, physical and social infrastructure, etc.) - Conduct land use planning and land allocation using participatory approaches: Based on FS &FCA profile, land allocation by participation will be completed so that land allocation and use is agreed upon by all stakeholders. - Design for CBFM plan based on a participatory process: In preparation of participatory land use planning and land allocation, a set of forest management options will be explored and agreed upon by stakeholders that will include both the considerations of peoples and FS&FCA. CBFM includes following components. - Conduct extension services and capacity building for local households: extension activities can include: nursery production techniques; forest planting, tending and protection techniques. study tour on forest seedling production; visit to forest planting and protection models; techniques for assessment of forest timber resources; harvesting of timber and sustainable limits; techniques for assessment of NTFPs; techniques for establishment of harvesting limits of NTFPs; capacity building in management skills; skills for planning of forest management; training in planning for sustainable harvesting plans for timber and NTFPs. MB of Pu Hu NR will be responsible for implementation through contract with TSHPP MB. MB of Pu Hu NR will mobilize experts from DONRE and DARD of Thanh Hoa Province, Institute of Forest Science of Vietnam, etc. Funding for this Plan will be from TSHPP. Note: some components of this measure may be already included on Resettlement Action Plan. Environmental Management Plan 144 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Environmental education for construction workers and local public: To raise awareness on environment protection and biodiversity conservation in construction workers, their followers and local public to reduce exploitative approaches to wildlife and habitats. During construction phase, about 4,000 workers will be present in TSHPP construction. Following them will be a large number of people (their husbands, wives and others) who will come for settlement and providing various services in Project area (spontaneous development). Improvement of infrastructure (roads, public services, etc.) during construction and in operation phases will attract spontaneous migration of people into Project area for settlement, doing business/services, tourism, etc. This increase of human population in the Project area will greatly increase local demand for wildlife and various forest products that stimulates wildlife hunting/trapping, harvesting forest products in the area. Awareness on environment protection and biodiversity conservation of local communities are also still low. All these will put great pressure on forest and biodiversity resources in Project area, especially Pu Hu NR and Xuan Nha NR. Environmental education for construction workers and local public is necessary to promote their behavior change through increase their awareness. Main activities include: - Install educational sign boards with conservation messages and forest fire prevention in nearly towns (Quan Hoa town, Mai Chau town, Co Luong townlets, etc.), along roads to Project area (Road No. 15 from from crossing point with Road No. 6 through Mai Chau, Co Luong to Quan Hoa Town, Co Luong ­ Co Me roads) and head construction sites. Signboards may be various sizes but must be large enough and with big clear letters for quick reading and must be attractive of attention. Conservation messages could relate to no consuming wildlife and wildlife products, no wildlife hunting and trading, no illegal transporting wildlife and forest products, no forest destruction, no forest fire, no disposal of wastes outside allowable areas, etc. - Print posters, leaflets, etc. with nature conservation messages and distribute them to worker camps, service facilities (shops, restaurants, post office, etc) in TSHPP construction sites, and villages within TSHPP area. - Develop radio and TV education materials (slides, video, speeches, etc.) for broadcasting and newspapers in Project area. - Develop teaching nature education materials (video, slides, presentation speeches) and conducting training classes for construction workers, administration officers of constructors and sensitive public groups (restaurant owners, tourism authorities, grocery and drug shops owners, resettled households, remotes ethnic villages, etc.). The education material should be simple for easy understanding, fitting and attractive to relevant audience. - Establishing a mobile audio-visual education team with necessary teaching equipment (slide projectors, video player, loudspeaker system, etc.) MBs of Pu Hu NR and Xuan Nha NR will be responsible for implementation of these activities. Fund for these activities will be from TSHPP. Natural resource - related recommendations for Construction Worker Camps Management Plan: Mitigate potential impacts of establishing and operating work construction camps: pressure on land and natural resources; erosion, runoff and sediment from disturbed Environmental Management Plan 145 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP areas, spontaneous development of businesses not associated with the Project construction activities. During construction phase, about 4,000 workers will be present in TSHPP construction. Workers camps will be installed on both sides of the Ma River. Following them will be a large number of people (their husbands, wives and others) who will come for settlement and doing various services in Project area (spontaneous development). Potential environmental impacts from workforce and of the spontaneous development, at the work camps in all construction areas include additional pressure on land and natural resources, including wildlife hunting, trade and use and harvesting NTFPs; generating solid and liquid wastes. Without treatment , wastewater from work camps and spontaneous development could cause water quality problems in adjacent water bodies which could affect fish populations, aquatic fauna and flora and its related terrestrial fauna and flora. Inappropriate solid waste disposal could lead to the contamination of soil and rivers. One of potential significant pressure on natural resources of workforce and followers is their need for firewood. The presence of a large work force allowed freely to collect wood can easily damage large span of jungle in a very short time (Dhillion et al., 2006). These workers will also collect firewood unselectively and thus escalate the damage in the area. Furthermore, the presence of a large workforce very often also leads to the opening of shops (tea, lunch and dinner stalls, basic grocery, sundry etc.) in vicinity which will result in the removal of firewood from forested areas nearby, including NRs. Potential pressure on natural resources needs to be adequately handled in order to protect natural resources. Main activities include: - The TSHPP MB has developed a Construction Worker Camps Management Plan (CWCMP) which HC will comply to mitigate potential negative impacts of workforce and spontaneous development. In term of natural resources protection, the CWCMP already includes the following recommendations: o Camp site selection and access roads should be located so as to avoid clearing an many major trees and vegetation as possible from the areas and to avoid aquatic habitats o Camp areas should be sited to allow effective natural drainage o Effective sediment control measures during construction and operation of the construction work camps should be applied. o Suitable sanitary, sewage and solid waste collection and disposal facilities should be provided to serve the construction camps o Fire fighting equipment and services and portable fire extinguishers should be provided for all buildings o The burning of waste and /or garbage should be done in designated areas at a distance at least one km from nearby forests and forest fire fighting force and equipment are ready for action to prevent forest fire o Blasting for material excavation and construction activities is only permitted in daytime (between 6:00 and 18:00) to reduce disturbing wildlife life (most of wildlife species are nocturnal). Environmental Management Plan 146 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP o All employees of the contractors shall be required to know how to use fire fighting equipment, making fire alarm signals and to comply with forest fire fighting procedures. o All employees of the contractors shall be required to comply with environment and nature resources protection procedures and they shall be attend the environment educational sessions provided by TSHPP MB. o Licenses to operate business, such as restaurants and bars will be conditional upon appropriate disposal of wastewater, waste and good sanitary conditions; and signing an agreement on not serving dishes from wildlife busmeats and illegally harvested NTFPs; groceries and drug stores will be conditional upon signing agreement on not trading wildlife, wildlife parts/products and illegally collected NTFPs from the wild. These licenses will be established, reviewed and renewed regularly by local authorities and relevant local governmental organizations (FPD, Police, Market custom, etc.) o HC and MB of TSHPP should regularly supplied in work camps areas with food of cultivated plants and domestic animals sources, as well as fuelwood-replaceable fuel sources for cooking (kerosene, gas, coals, etc.) o System of regulations and penalties relating violation on environmental and natural resources will be developed and applied in all work camp area o Worker and their follower should not allowed to do following activities: o Encroaching forest for wildlife hunting/trapping, timber cutting, NTFPs harvesting o Participating trade and consumption of wildlife such as hunted wild animals, their parts (meat, horns, skin, claws, bones, stomach, etc.) and their derivatives (dishes made of wildlife, traditional medicine products, etc.), except common aquatic animals such as fish, mollusks, shrimps, etc. o Bringing and keeping exotic animals and exotic plants into TSHPP area o Burning inside or close to forests, bring inflammable things into forest and be highly cautionary with inflammable activities that may cause forest fire o Use explosives and toxic chemicals for fishing and wildlife trapping TSHPP MB will be responsible to develop CWCMP, to ensure integrating these plan into HC contract and to monitor its compliance. HC and other sub-constructors should guarantee to implement the plan. A detailed description of the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Management Plan, including implementing responsibilities, schedule, and budget, is included in a specific report include din project documents. As part of this plan, the project will support a small but significant activity to support the Vietnam Tiger action Plan in the area of the project. Tiger Action Plan World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is implementing a new and far-reaching strategy for tiger conservation based on a landscape approach. WWF has chosen 7 focal landscapes, where the chances of long-term tiger conservation are best and its involvement will be most valuable. These landscapes were selected at the WWF Tiger Conservation Strategy Workshop Environmental Management Plan 147 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP (September 2000, Anyer, Indonesia) using a number of prioritization criteria developed with the counsel of some of the most respected tiger experts from outside WWF. The selected focal landscapes are: 1) Russian Far East (Russia) 2) Terai Arc (India, Nepal) 3) Satpuda-Maikal Range (India) 4) Sundarbans (Bangladesh, India) 5) Lower Mekong Forests (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam) 6) Taman Negara-Belum-Halabala (Malaysia, Thailand) 7) Kerinci Seblat/ Bukit Barisan Selatan (Indonesia). In addition, the action plan will focus on the cross-cutting issue of international trade in tiger parts and products (WWF Tiger Action Plan, 2009). The tiger in Vietnam belongs to the Indo-Chinese sub-species Panthera tigris corbetti. Based on the data gathered from previous surveys, it is estimated that tigers are present in 20 provinces with a total population of not more than 150 animals, which are primarily distributed along the borders of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia (RTV, 2008). Map J-1 highlights the tiger conservation landscapes in Vietnam and the proposed Trung Son Hydropower Plant (TSHPP). The Forest Protection Department (FDP), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development (MARD) of the Government of Vietnam has proposed a Tiger Action Plan (2005 ­ 2010) to ensure the survival of existing tiger populations and their habitats and prey as part of Vietnam's biodiversity conservation. Tigers are known to occur in the vicinity of the TSHPP, but their presence is unknown in the three natural adjacent to the proposed dam. The long-term goal of the Tiger Action Plan is to improve the protection and management of key tiger populations and their habitats in top priority conservation landscapes, through measures than can be sustained and supported over the long term by governments, local communities and stakeholders. TSHPMB, in conjunction with the MARD and MONRE will commit to supporting the Tiger Action Plan as part of development of the TSHPP biodiversity and protected areas plan. The following activities are proposed: Establishment of TORs for this study that will be agreed to with MARD and MONRE; Undertake studies to determine the presence, if any, of tigers in the three natural reserves adjacent to the TSHPP; The results of this study will be reviewed by a joint group consisting of EVN, MONRE and MARD; and Recommendations from this study will be taken forward under the adaptive management approach by the appropriate agency, with support from EVN. Furthermore, the results of this study will provide updated information for government authorities in order to help them to carry out further management plan to protect tigers and their habitats. Environmental Management Plan 148 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Map J-1: Tiger Conservation Landscapes of Vietnam Environmental Management Plan 149 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Annex K: Environmental Management Framework for Resettlement Sites Abbreviations Abbreviation Description BOD5 Biological Oxygen Demand CLIP Community Livelihood Development Plan COx Oxides of carbon DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DRCC Development Research and Consultancy Centre DO Dissolved Oxygen DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DPs Displaced Persons EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environment Management Plan EVN Vietnam Electricity HH Household IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources LURC Land Use Rights Certificate MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NGO Non-governmental Organization NOx Oxides of Nitrogen PECC4 Power Engineering Consulting Company No. 4 PAH Project affected household PHAP Public Health Action Plan PMB Project Management Board PPC Provincial People Committee RLDP Resettlement Livelihood Development Plan RP Resettlement Action Plan SOx Oxides of Sulfur TCVN Vietnamese Standard TSHPMB Trung Son Hydropower Project Management Board VIA Vietnam Institute of Archeology Environmental Management Plan 150 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP TABLE OF CONTENTS K-1 ­ Overview on TSHPP Infrastructure Investments Program 1. RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM 154 2. LOCATIONS OF PROPOSED RESETTLEMENT SITES 155 3. OVERVIEW ON RESETTLEMENT SITES 156 3.1 RESETTLEMENT SITE NO. 1: TRUNG SON COMMUNE 156 3.2. MUONG LY COMMUNE 157 3.3 TAM CHUNG COMMUNE 164 3.4 TRUNG LY COMMUNE 159 3.5 TAN XUAN COMMUNE (MOC CHAU DISTRICT, SON LA PROVINCE) 159 4. INFRASTRUCTURES PROVIDED TO RESETTLEMENT SITES 160 4.1 TRUNG SON COMMUNE RESETTLEMENT SITES 160 4.2 MUONG LY COMMUNE RESETTLEMENT SITES 161 4.3 TAM CHUNG COMMUNE RESETTLEMENT SITES 166 4.4 TRUNG LY COMMUNE RESETTLEMENT SITES 167 4.5 TAN XUAN COMMUNE RESETTLEMENT SITES 167 K-2: Supplement Socio-Environmental Baseline Data 1. AIR QUALITY 163 2. WATER SOURCES AND WATER QUALITY 163 3. SOIL 166 4. DEMOGRAPHIC 166 5. LAND USE 169 6. MAIN INCOME SOURCES 169 7. PUBLIC SERVICES 170 K-3: Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts And Typical Mitigaiton Measures 1. INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROPOSALS 2 POTENTIAL SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND RISKS Environmental Management Plan 151 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 3. TYPICAL MITIGATION MEASURES 178 K-4: Environmental Management Framework For Infrastructure Investments At Resettlement Sites 1. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 183 2. IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES 183 3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS 184 4. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 185 5. MONITORING AND REPORTING FLOW 186 Environmental Management Plan 152 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendices Appendix 1 Environmental Screening Forms Appendix 2 An example of Mitigation Plan Appendix 3 An example of Environmental Monitoring Plan Appendix 4 Form of Public Consultation Record Appendix 5 Design Environmental Check List Forms Appendix 6 Example of Contractor's Environmental Responsibilities (for inclusion into construction bidding document and contracts Appendix 7 Monthly Environmental Mitigation Reporting Form Appendix 8 Environmental Responsibilities of Construction Supervisor Appendix 9 Health Waste Management Guidelines for Small Clinics Tables Table K-1: Resettlement sites and number of HH to be resettled .......................................................... 155 Table K-2: Land use in Trung Son Commune ....................................................................................... 157 Table K-3: Land use in Muong Ly Commune ........................................................................................ 158 Table K-4: Land allocation to affected HH at Ban Lin and To Chieng .................................................... 159 Table K-5: Land allocation to affected HH at Tan Xuan site .................................................................. 159 Table K-6: Infrastructure proposed for Trung Son site........................................................................... 160 Table K-7: Infrastructure proposed for Muong Ly site ........................................................................... 161 Table K-8: Infrastructure proposed for Tam Chung site......................................................................... 161 Table K-9: Infrastructure proposed for Trung Ly sites ........................................................................... 162 Table K-10: Infrastructure proposed for Tan Xuan sites ........................................................................ 162 Table K-11: Results of air quality monitoring near the proposed resettlement sites ............................... 163 Table K-12: Water quality sampling sites .............................................................................................. 164 Table K-13: Water quality at the project area ........................................................................................ 165 Table K-14: Summary of land by soil type in the proposed resettlement sites ....................................... 166 Table K-15: Summary Demography and Land Use ............................................................................... 167 Table K-16: Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts/Risks .................................................................... 171 Table K-17: Mitigation Measures .......................................................................................................... 178 Table K-18: Environmental Management Procedure ............................................................................. 183 Table K-19: Responsibilities in implementing EMF/subproject EMPs .................................................... 185 Figures Figure K-1: Location of and Resettlement communes ...........................................................................156 Figure K-2: Monitoring and Reporting Flow...........................................................................................186 Environmental Management Plan 153 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP K-1: Overview on TSHPP Resettlement Program 1. Resettlement Program Twelve resettlement sites in five communes have been identified including four sites in Trung Son Commune, three sites in Tan Xuan commune, two sites in Trung Ly commune two in Muong Ly commune and one in Tam Chung. The resettlement sites were first proposed in 2004 and modified in 2008 based on the comments received during public consultation. For resettlement sites chosen by the project, the Resettlement Plan (RP) covers the following, among others: - Arrangements for timely payment of compensation for relocated households, at replacement cost. Sufficient time will be allowed and adequate compensation provided for PAHs to build replacement house to suit living customs and cultural preferences, and suitable for the size of household, with the house area being not smaller than the standard set forth in the entitlement policy. - Identification of a house plot and residential area (house and garden) for each relocated PAH; - Consultation results with relocated PAH to clearly identify their acceptance of proposed relocation sites, and describing measures that have been implemented to reduce any PAH concerns; - Arrangements for issuing or recognizing land use right certificate (LURC) and assets on land for relocated households, or for the remaining land after land acquisition; - Replacement of infrastructure and social services that may be lost as a result of resettlement. Where applicable, relocated households will sign contracts for forest protection. Contracts will be arranged by the commune authorities and district forest protection service. Payment rate applied will be in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Each relocated household will be entitled to: - Be assigned with a land plot of 700 m2, in which 400 m2 is for residential (house and support facilities), and about 300 m2 for garden which may be adjoining or separated from residential land, depending on land availability. The project will be responsible for ground leveling of residential land or PAH may do it themselves, provided it meets standards set by the project for safety purposes. Affected households may have the choice of building their new houses on their own, or having the project build houses for them based on the model that affected households have chosen among those introduced by the project. Affected households are also allowed to move the materials that form their existing houses into resettlement houses. - Garden in a common area, which is not less than 300 m2 per HH. - Cultivation land which is not less than 1.5 ha per HH. Environmental Management Plan 154 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP - Have access to replaced public infrastructures (power, access roads, inter-commune roads, classrooms, kindergartens, water supply and sanitation systems, cultural house...) which are detailed in Chapter 3 of this report. - For `back and up'5 households, the project will either do the ground leveling or pay PAH so that they can do it themselves, at PAH's choice. If PAH prefers to do ground leveling by themselves, they have to comply with technical requirements as necessary and in agreement with the project for safety purpose. 2. Locations of Proposed Resettlement Sites In reservoir area, it was estimated that a total of 584 households will be displaced by the time relocation starts. Table K-1 below lists the names of proposed resettlement sites and the estimated number of households to be relocated to each resettlement sites. Table K-1: Resettlement sites and number of HH to be resettled Proposed Resettlement Key Information Site 1. Trung Son Commune To relocate about 200 affected HH in Ta Ban and To Xuoc, Come villages 4 sites: Ta Puc, Co Tong ­ within Trung Son commune. Ta Ma, Keo Dam (Ta Ban - To Ta Puc site: 42 HH with 175 heads. village) and Ban Xuoc - To Co Tong-Ta Ma site: (1) Pom Chon 47 HH with 196 heads village (2) Keo au 30 HH With 125 heads - Keo Dam: 58 HH with 242 heads - To Xuoc, Ban Co Me: 26 HH with 106 heads 2. Muong Ly Commune To relocate for 90 affected HH in Ban Nang 1 and Tai Chanh. 2 sites: Tai Chanh village, - To Ban Tai Chanh site: 37 HH with 182 heads Ban Nang, - To Ban Nang site: 52 HH with 244 heads - To Ban Muong 2: Just to move 13 Hmong HH to higher elevation. 3. Tam Chung Commune To relocate for 12/46 affected HH about 53 heads in Ban Lat 1 site: Ban Lat resetlement site. - 34 households with 145 heads, just self-relocate inside current village. 4. Trung Ly Commune To relocate for 36 affected HH in Ban Lin (20 HH) and To Chieng, Ban Co 2 sites: Ban Lin, Ban Chieng Cai (17 HH). - To Ban Lin site: 21 HH with 109 heads - To Chieng ­ Ban Co Cai site: 17 HH with 79 heads; - For 16 HH of Hmong in Ban Pa Bua just to move up to higher elevation. 5 The relocated household that will be move out of flooded zone to the higher area in the same village Environmental Management Plan 155 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Proposed Resettlement Key Information Site 5 . Tan Xuan Commune To relocate for 199 affected HH of Dong Ta Lao and Tay Ta Lao within Tan 3 sites: Tham Ton 1, Pom Xuan commune. Hien ­ Suoi Non 1 and 2 - To Tham Ton 1: 54 HH with 234 heads - To Pom Hien- Suoi Non 1: 68 HH with 295 heads - To Pom Hien- Suoi Non 2: 69 HH with 299 headsTo Tham Ton 2: 30 HH with 130 heads Source: Resettlement Masterplan revised after consultations The location of five communes receiving resettlement households is shown in Figure K-1. Figure K-1: Location of and Resettlement communes All affected HH will be relocated in the same communes where they are living, so they can continue with their remaining land and other properties outside of the project affected areas as well as other social relationships. 3. Overview of Resettlement Sites 3.1 Resettlement site No. 1: Trung Son commune The Resettlement site No. 1 is located on the left hand side of the Ma river, near the dam site in Trung Son commune, Quan Hoa district of Thanh Hoa province. The site is bordered with Xuan Nha commune of Son La Province to the north and the west, with Sub-region No. 3 of Trung Environmental Management Plan 156 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Son commune to the east; with sub-region no. 14 which belong to Co Me and Ban Puon hamlets of Trung Son commune to the south. The total land area of this area site is 2,327 ha, in which currently 235.6 ha is agricultural land allocated to local people, 908 ha is forestry land (plantation), 195 ha of non-agricultural land 195 ha; and 988 ha of vacant land. Table K-2 below shows the existing, planned and changes in land use associated with resettlement sites in Trung Son commune. Table K-2: Land use in Trung Son Commune Current use Planning Average To To Xuoc- per HH Total Ta Ban Xuoc- Total Ta Ban (210 HH) Co Me Co Me Total area 2,326.6 1,765.4 561.2 2,326.6 1,764.4 562.2 11.08 1. Agricultural 235.6 204.6 31.0 239.2 208.2 31.0 1.14 land 2. Forestry land 908.0 452.0 456.0 908.0 452.0 456.0 4.32 3. Non- 195.0 191.0 4.0 235.2 221.0 14.2 1.12 Agricultural land 4. Non-use land 988.0 917.8 70.2 944.2 883.2 61.0 4.50 Currently there is no existing roads to access To Xuoc and Co Me resettlement sites. There are 15 HH of Ta Puc, Co Tong, Ta Ma hamlets living and cultivating nearby. There are roads constructed by program 135 to connect existing residential clusters and their cultivation land. Infrastructures be developed for all resettlement sites is presented in Section 4. 3.2. Muong Ly Commune Muong Ly commune is bordered with Xuan Nha commune of Son La province and Cun Pheo commune of Hoa Binh province to the north, with Ma river to the south to Xuan Ly of Muong Lat district to the south. The east of the commune borders with Trung Son commune of Quan Hoa district and with Ban Muong 2 of Muong Ly commune to the west. There are two resettlement sites in this commune: Nang hamlet site is located near the centre of Muong Ly commune and water source is available; Tai Chanh hamlet site is located about 200 m from the existing Tai Chanh hamlet. Existing and planned land use in Muong Ly and two resettlement sites area indicated in Table K-3 below: Environmental Management Plan 157 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table K-3: Land use in Muong Ly Commune Current use Planning Ban Ban Average Land type Ban Total Tai Total Ban Nang Tai per HH Nang Chanh Chanh Total land area 1,604.0 986.00 618.00 1,604 987.50 616.50 1. Agricultural 228.6 105.00 123.60 231.10 106.00 125.10 2.24 land 2. Forestry land 596.0 438.00 158.00 596.00 438.00 158.00 5.79 3. Non- 174.0 82.50 91.50 194.10 93.00 101.10 Agricultural land 4. Unused land 605.4 360.50 244.90 582.80 350.50 232.30 There are existing access roads to the site. The area has not been covered by power supply. There are some streams that can be used as source for water supply. (c ) Planning for the site. The total area of this site is about 1,604 ha, including: - Agricultural land: 7.5 ha will be reclaimed for farming. The agricultural land outside of the flooded area of the village (231 ha) will be redistributed to the affected and non affected HH. The same plan for 596 ha of forest outside of the flooded area of the village. - Forestry land: 908 ha; - Non-agricultural land 194.1 ha (residential land: 3.6 ha and other purposes: 190.5 ha) At Ban Nang site: - - Agricultural land: 3.5 ha - Non-agricultural land 93 ha (residential land: 02 ha and other purposes: 91 ha); and At Ban Tai Chanh site: - Agricultural land (village land): 68.2 ha - Specific use purpose land : 99.5 ha; - Non-agricultural land 101 ha (residential land: 1.6 ha and other purposes: 99.5 ha); and - Each residential plot is 400 m2 joined with 300 m2 of garden land. The agricultural replacement land will be developed for two crops of rice per year. The land allocation to affected HH at this site is described as in table 3 above. Environmental Management Plan 158 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 3.3 Tam Chung commune Tam Chung commune is on the left bank of the river towards the upper end of the reservoir, close to Muong Lat. The village of Lat contains a significant number of households which must be relocated. Land planning is not yet complete. 3.4 Trung Ly commune Trung Ly commune is bordered with Lan and Co Cai hamlets of Trung Ly commune to the south, with Pa Bua hamlet to the east and with Ty and Ta Com hamlets of Muong Ly commune to the west. Existing and planned land use of Trung Ly commune is shown in Table K-4 below. Table K-4: Land allocation to affected HH at Ban Lin and To Chieng Current Planning Average per Land type To Ban To Total Ban Lin Total HH Chieng Lin Chieng Total land area 676.0 419.0 257.0 676.0 419.0 257.0 1. Agricultural 68.20 34.20 34.00 68.60 34.60 34.00 1.33 land 2. Forestry land 359.00 255.00 104.00 359.00 255.00 104.00 7.04 3. Non- 76.70 35.20 41.50 88.00 39.00 49.00 Agricultural land 4. Unused land 172.10 94.60 77.50 160.40 90.40 70.00 3.4 Tan Xuan commune (Moc Chau district, Son La Province) Tham Ton 1 site in Tan Xuan commune is three kilometers from the buffer zone of a natural forest which is currently under the management of the Army. The PMB will soon discuss with DARD of Son La province for the regulation of natural forest protection and will soon disseminate the regulation to the relocating HH from Dong Ta Lao and Tay Ta Lao villages. The water, soils conditions at the proposed relocation sites are described in detail in RLDP. Land allocation for the Tan Xuan site are shown in Table K-5. Table K-5: Land allocation to affected HH at Tan Xuan site Current use Planning Dong, Average Land type Dong, Tay Total Total Tay Ta per HH Ta Lao Lao Total land area 884.0 884.0 884.0 884.0 1. Agricultural land area 147,00 147,00 197,00 197,00 1.03 Environmental Management Plan 159 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Current use Planning Dong, Average Land type Dong, Tay Total Total Tay Ta per HH Ta Lao Lao Total land area 884.0 884.0 884.0 884.0 2. Forestry land area 514,00 514,00 675,00 675,00 3.52 3. Non-agricultural 0,00 0,00 12,00 12,00 land 4. Unused land 223,00 223,00 4. Infrastructures provided to Resettlement sites This report only discuss the investments on infrastructures for the resettlement sites. Other investments for livelihood restoration and potential impacts have been covered in the SEIA and EMP report prepared for the main project. In addition to community infrastructure, TSHPMB will design and construct appropriate sewage systems for all resettlement sites. Houses will be equipped one septic tank toilet and water tank for domestic use. 4.1 Infrastructure Investments for Trung Son commune resettlement sites Table K-6 identifies the infrastructure proposed for the Ta Puc, Co-Tong-Ta Ma and Keo Dam sites in Trung Son commune: Table K-6: Infrastructure proposed for Trung Son site Schools and culture 2 One class at Co Tong- Ta Ma (100 m2), 2 kindergartens (100 m ), accommodation for teachers (50 2 2 m ), cultural house (100 m ). Kindergarten, village class and one community cultural house (2,000 m²) in Ta Ban Kindergarten, village class and one community cultural house with 1,000 m² in To Xuoc Transportation New access road from Co Me bridge to the resettlement site, 4.2 km long, class A. New rural road type B from Co Tong to Ta Ma ­ Ta Puc, 9 km, class B. New road from junction of Xuoc (at Keo Dam) to Suoi Quang wharf and to resettlement site Ban Xuoc, 3.5 km, class B. Inter-road at Ta Puc resettlement site, 1 km, class B. Inter-road at Co Tong-Ta Ma, 2 km, class B. New access roads to farming site, 6 km, class B. Two wharfs for boats crossing the reservoir/ river; Electricity Power supply (i) Transmission line of 35 kv from Co Tong to Ta Ma of 4 km long; (ii) Transmission line of 0.4 kv of 4 km long and one transformer of 100 KVA for 83 HH; (iii) Transmission line of 35 kv from Ta Puc to To Xuoc of 3.5 km long; (iv) Transmission line of 0.4 kv of 01 km long and two transformers of 35 KVA for 40 HH at Keo Dam site and 26 at Ban Xuoc site Water supply for domestic use and irrigation (i) new weir on Cap creek, 8 km long of diversion pipe to supply water for domestic, 3 km of pipe to supply water for irrigation of 6.5 ha of rice with two crops at Co Tong-Ta Ma; (ii) new weir on Ta Puc creek, 3 km long of diversion pipe to supply water to 60 HH at Ta Puc site, 2 km of pipe for irrigation to Environmental Management Plan 160 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 3.5 ha of rice; (iii) new weir on Xuoc creek and 3 km long of diversion pipe to supply water for domestic use and 1 km of pipe to irrigate 2.0 ha of rice Paddy field opening 12.2 ha will be developed for rice. Ta Puc (3.5 ha), Cap creek (6.7 ha) and Phuoc creek (2 ha). 4.2 Muong Ly commune resettlement sites Table K-7 identifies the infrastructure proposed for the Ban Nang and Tai Chanh sites in Muong Ly commune: Table K-7: Infrastructure proposed for Muong Ly site Schools and culture 2 2 2 kindergartens with 100 m ; 2 community cultural houses with an area of 120 m . Transportation New access road from Tam Chung to Muong Ly, 4.0 km long, class A New road of 4 km of inter roads at the sites, class B Electricity The line 35 kV and 0.4 kV from the center of commune to each household, and The line 35Kv and 0.4kV will connect the construction site to each HH. Water supply for domestic and irrigation Two weirs, one on Tai Chanh (Nun creek) and 2.5 km long of diversion pipe to supply water for irrigation for 4 ha with two rice crops per year, 4 km of pipe for domestic use. One weir on Nay creek with 3 km long of diversion pipe to supply water for irrigation to 3.5 ha of rice with two crops per year, 04 km of pipe for domestic water use Paddy field opening 7.5 ha will be developed for rice with two crops per year at Ban Nang and Ban Tai Chanh. 4.3 Tam Chung commune resettlement site Table K-8 identifies the infrastructure proposed for the Ban Lat site in Tam Chung commune: Table K-8: Infrastructure proposed for Tam Chung site Schools and culture No new kinder gardens or community house is required. Transportation New road of 0.25 km of inter roads at the sites, class B Electricity 250 m extention of existing 0.4 kV network to resettlement site to connect to each HH. Water supply for domestic and irrigation One weir and 5.5 km long of diversion pipe from Lat stream to supply water for domestic use. Paddy field opening No new paddy rice is planned. Environmental Management Plan 161 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 4.4 Trung Ly commune resettlement sites Table K-9 identifies the infrastructure proposed for the To Chieng and Co Cai sites in Trung Ly commune: Table K-9: Infrastructure proposed for Trung Ly sites Schools and culture One Kindergarten; one primary class and community cultural house with total construction 2 area of about 1,000 m . Transportation New access to the resettlement sites with 3.0 km long and with class B of rural road type Electricity Lines, 35 kV and 0.4 kV, from the center of commune to each household, and from construction site to each HH Water supply for domestic and other purposes (i) construct a weir on Lin creek with a length of about 30 m and 2 km long of irrigation canal to supply water for 3.6 ha of paddy, 2.5 km long of diversion pipe to supply water domestic; (ii) construct a weir on Huoi creek and 4 km long of diversion pipe to supply water domestic to To Chieng resettlement site. Paddy field opening 3.6 ha for rice with two crops per year 4.5 Tan Xuan commune resettlement sites Table K-10 identifies the infrastructure proposed for the Pom Hien- Suoi Non, Tam Ton 1 and Tam Ton 2 sites in Tam Xuan commune Table K-10: Infrastructure proposed for Tan Xuan sites Schools and culture 2 2 3 kindergartens with an area of 190 m , 3 primary classes with an area of 190 m ; 2 accommodation for teachers with an area of 130 m and 02 community cultural houses with 2 an area of 160 m Transportation New road, 4.0 km long from Tan Xuan commune center to a junction of Cay Da, rural class A; New road, 2.0 km long, from a junction of Pom Hien to Tham Ton 2, rural class B; New road, 2.0 km long, from a junction of Pom Hien to Tham Ton 1, rural class B; New road, 6.0 km long to support for farming, rural class B; One bridge to connect Tay Ta Lao to Center of Tan Xuan commune and one wharf to connect with farming sites in Ban Cam. Electricity To Pom Hien- Suoi Non site: transmission line of 35 kV with 4.5 km and 1 km of 0.4 kV from center of Xuan Nha commune to the relocation site and a transformer 50 KVA. To Tham Ton 1 site: transmission line of 35 kV with 2 km and02 km of 0.4 kV and a transformer 100 KVA. To Tham Ton 2 site: transmission line of 35 kV with 0.5 km and 0.5 km of 0.4 kV and a transformer 35 KVA Environmental Management Plan 162 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Water supply for domestic and other purposes Water supply for domestic and other purposes: construct a weir on the Co Nao creek and 10 km pipe to supply water to area of rice with one crop per year and 4 km of pipe for domestic use Paddy field opening None K-2: Supplementary Environmental Baseline Regional socio-environmental characteristics of the resettlement area are the same as discussed in the Project SESIA report. This chapter only provides additional data that has not been included in other project documents or brief key characteristics relevant to infrastructure in the resettlement sites. 1. Air quality The resettlement sites are located in an area where no industrial activity has been in place. Thus the air environment here is pollution-free with air quality parameters are much better than national standards as shown in Table K-11 Table K-11: Results of air quality monitoring near the proposed resettlement sites Indicators Suspende PM10 Pb NO2 CO SO2 Noise Samples d solid 3 3 3 3 3 (mg/m ) 3 (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (dBA) Chieng Na village 0,097 0,070 0,00068 0,002121 0,298948 0,011156 29,8 Co Me village 0,088 0,061 0,00062 0,001937 0,363936 0,010527 30,4 Near Chieng bridge 0,114 0,083 0,00091 0,001895 0,489310 0,010678 45,9 0,20 0,15 0,0015 0,20 30 0,35 75 (TCVN Standard TCVN 5937-2005 5949- 1998) (Source: PECC 4 2007 surveys) 2. Water sources and water quality The resettlement sites are located in the areas where there are number of streams/streams which can be used as source for domestic and irrigation water supply. In Trung Son commune there are streams namely Quanh, Cap, Ta Puc, Xuoc, Xum Xang, Ta Ban, Pit, Pieng etc. In Trung Ly and Muong Ly communes, there are Nun, Lin, Ly, Lang Chanh, Tai Chanh, Ta Buon stream. Water sampling has been taken at 5 locations near the resettlement sites by PECC4 and the Center for Environmental Research and Community Development at the end of August 2007 (toward the end of rainy season). Water quality sampling locations is shown in Table K-12 and result is shown in Table K-13. Environmental Management Plan 163 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table K-12: Water quality sampling sites Sample code Sampling site Date of collection NTS 1 Near Lát village - M ng Lát 31/08/2007 NTS 2 100m from Lat stream- M ng Lát 31/08/2007 NTS 3 100m downstream of Chà Lan stream 31/08/2007 NTS 4 Chi ng Na village 31/08/2007 NTS 5 Quanh stream - Tà Bán village 31/08/2007 Environmental Management Plan 164 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Table K-23: Water quality at the project area Sample codes TCVN5942-1995 No Indicators Unit NTS 1 NTS 2 NTS 3 NTS 4 NTS 5 NTS 6 NTS 7 NTS 8 NTS 9 Vol A Vol B 1 pH - 7.32 7.36 7.35 7.66 7.48 7.50 7.68 7.41 8.12 6-8.5 5.5-9 2 BOD5 mg/l 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.5 6.0 5.6 <4 <25 3 Color (Pt-Co) 76.211 68.471 62.047 62.296 66.490 59.754 43.218 30.769 45.041 - - 4 Smell - No No No No No No No No No smell - - smell smell smell smell smell smell smell smell 5 Taste - No No No No No No No No No - - 6 COD mg/l 8 9 9 8 8 9 10 10 9 <10 <35 7 DO mg/l 6.43 6.51 6.59 6.79 6.73 6.60 6.51 6.44 6.83 6 2 8 TSS mg/l 197 189 152 180 160 165 178 140 196 20 80 2+ 9 Fe mg/l 0.124 0.122 0.010 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.029 0.015 0.111 1 2 10 Fe3+ mg/l 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.025 0.023 0.027 1 2 11 NH3 mg/l 0.678 0.725 0.790 0.796 0.811 0.823 0.860 0.785 0.925 0.05 1 12 NO3- mg/l 2.079 3.011 2.246 2.325 2.405 2.487 3.034 3.322 4.065 10 15 13 NO2- mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 0.05 14 PO43- mg/l 0.285 0.287 0.126 0.132 0.139 0.143 0.152 0.738 0.174 - - 15 Total mg/l 80 86 82 86 88 92 98 177 95 - - mineral 16 Coli form MNP/100ml 290 290 230 240 250 280 300 320 360 5000 10000 Note: TCVN5942-1995: Quality standard for surface water: Volume A is applied to water sources which can be used for domestic purposes (but require to be treated as regulations). Volume B is applied to surface water using for other purposes. Environmental Management Plan 165 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Water quality analysis indicate that most of the tested indicators are better than the permitted level of the Vietnamese standard TCVN 5942 : 1995. One exception is TSS content which was from 8 to 10 times higher than allowable level applied to drinking water source, and about two times higher than the level applied to non-drinking water source. Possibly, this is because the sample was taken after rain. Groundwater storage in the region is poor. Ground water was found at depth of 16 to 20 m in Trung Son commune, and at depth of 5 to 6 m in Trung Ly and Muong Ly. 3. Biology The resettlement sites has been chosen to be in the exiting communes which are located at the intersection of three provincial level nature reserves: Pu Hu Natural Reserve (Thanh Hoa Province), Xuan Nha Natural Reserve (Son La Province) and Hang Kia ­ Pa Co Natural Reserve (Hoa Binh Province). Major concerns regarding the healthiness of these NR has been identified to be associated with increased population due to influx of workers and camp followers, which will raise the demand for wildlife for food and fuel for cooking while the new access road to the dam and the reservoir will make the nature reserves more easily accessible. Therefore, perhaps the most sensitive impact from the project would be the potential increase of current practices of poaching and illegal logging in the nature reserves, which increase the vulnerability of endangered species. This is further exacerbated by the current weak management and protection capacity in the reserves. 4. Soil Soil in the tentative resettlement sites consists of: reddish yellow soil on clay stone, reddish yellow soil on acid magma and light yellow soil on sandy stone as shown in Table K-14 Table K-34: Summary of land by soil type in the proposed resettlement sites Ha Symbol Soil type ha % brown red soil on degenerated Fs stones 4417,38 49,63 Fa yellow red soil on acid magma 2802,95 31,49 Fq light yellow soil on sand 221,00 2,48 (Source: Report of resettlement master plan by PECC4) In general, soil fertility is low as the area is steep and the soil is commonly mixed with stone. Top soil layer is less than 100cm and can be eroded easily. 5. Demographic There are about 25,700 inhabitants from 4,982 households living in 71 villages in the seven communes that comprise the main project area: Trung Son in Quan Hoa districty, Muong Ly, Trung Ly, Tam Chung Ten Tan and Muong Lat town in Muong Lat District and Xuan Nha and Tan Xuan in Moc Chau District. The labor force in the area is 11,400 people accounting for Environmental Management Plan 166 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP about 51% of the area's population. Of these, 98% work in agricultural sector and only 2% work in non agricultural sector. Table K-15 provides additional information on demography. Table K-45: Summary Demography and Land Use Province Thanh Hoa Sn La Quan District Hoa Muong Lat Moc Chau Trung Tam Muong Trung Tan Xuan Ten Tan Commune Unit Son Chung Ly Ly Xuan Nha Total Area Ha 7681 12128 8508 19290 13863 15819 9336 86625 Villages Number 7 8 16 16 7 9 8 73 Population Households Number 590 602 730 928 732 673 714 4969 Population Persons 2602 3266 4254 5205 3423 3623 3317 25690 Male Persons 1286 1542 2151 2498 1598 1824 1680 12579 Female Persons 1316 1724 2103 2706 1825 1799 1637 13110 Persons/ household 4.4 5.4 5.8 5.6 4.7 5.4 4.6 Farming Househol households d 571 596 727 894 701 661 4150 Land use Paddy Ha 54.14 62.6 10 33 66.2 71.81 6.73 304.48 Hilly rice Ha 350.6 270 450 879 290 397 2636.6 Maize Ha 100 320 220 445 335 364 1784 Cassava Ha 150 94 45 210 96 109 704 Beans, vegetables Ha 0 2 1 6.3 1.5 0 10.8 Sugarcane Ha 2.5 0 0 0 0 4.5 7 Bamboo Ha 2000 0 273 138 50 550 3011 Perennial crops Ha 6.72 20 219 35 45.97 66.08 392.77 Natural forest Ha 2774.3 2361.8 1768 7526 2456.2 16886.3 Reforestation Ha 2818 2571.8 2100.39 6500 2654.3 142.25 14072.69 Livestock Cattle Head 1230 1826 1764 1060 1549 2187 9616 Head/ househol d 2.2 3.1 2.4 1.2 2.1 3.3 14.3 Pigs Head 1200 1600 2394 1954 1824 2206 11178 Head/ househol d 2.1 2.7 3.3 2.2 2.5 3.3 16.1 Goats Head 250 62 488 244 92 162 1298 Horses Head 109 115 224 Poultry Head 8000 3960 9823 7244 5660 15570 50257 Head/ 14 15.7 13.5 8.1 7.7 23.5 82.5 Environmental Management Plan 167 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Province Thanh Hoa Sn La Quan District Hoa Muong Lat Moc Chau Trung Tam Muong Trung Tan Xuan Ten Tan Commune Unit Son Chung Ly Ly Xuan Nha Total househol d Grain availability Kg/ househol d/ Rice year 1012 840 820 855 860 1080 1289 6756 Maize 960 1394 1196 1025 1196 1500 1276 8547 Cassava 2887 3850 3716 3690 3865 2650 2550 23208 Rice equivalent 1731 1856 1727 1678 1823 2032 2128 12975 Kg/ capita/ Rice equivalent year 384 371 367 289 363 432 443 2649 Income Crop production % 69.5 81.3 79 80.5 80.7 80 73.3 544.3 Animal production % 10.2 9.6 12 10.3 10.5 9.3 11.5 73.4 Forestry % 14.5 6.1 5.8 7.2 6.2 8.4 10.6 58.8 Crop production % 5.8 3 3.2 2 2.6 2.3 4.6 23.5 Income VND/mon per capita th 198300 155181 176466 141206 173486 207000 219636 1271275 Income VND/mon 1145417 per household th 11086000 9246400 9501880 9844044 9602300 0 12273000 73007794 USD equiv /year 672 560 576 597 582 694 744 4425 Electricity Mini- Househol hydropower d 540 237 593 460 402 404 142 2778 Househol National grid d 0 184 0 220 230 0 0 634 Other sources Househol or no power d 50 181 137 248 123 269 572 1580 Education Kindergarten Number 0 14 20 19 18 6 77 Primary classes Number 28 14 40 34 29 1 146 Secondary classes Number 10 6 5 4 8 1 34 Environmental Management Plan 168 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Province Thanh Hoa Sn La Quan District Hoa Muong Lat Moc Chau Trung Tam Muong Trung Tan Xuan Ten Tan Commune Unit Son Chung Ly Ly Xuan Nha Total Teacher Persons 46 54 69 89 62 96 416 Pupils Persons 442 536 871 975 654 3478 Education attainments Under school age Persons 81 8 52 55 48 89 333 Not finished primary school 232 2 97 60 8 252 651 Completed primary school 222 4 119 63 86 198 692 Completed lower secondary school 97 1 50 15 46 53 262 Completed high school 16 0 22 9 12 18 77 University graduates 0 0 1 0 0 3 4 Illiterate Persons 117 21 103 59 66 154 520 The main ethnic minorities in the area are Thai, Muong HMong and Kho Mu. There are some Kinh households in the areas, which are running small business. In general, there is no conflict among HH and ethnic minorities in the area. A more extensive discussion of the demography is to be found in the Resettlement, Livelihood and Ethnic Minorities Development Program (RLDP) for the project. 6. Land Use Total land area in the main project areas is around 73,000 hectares. The main use of land is for farming, including paddy, upland rice, and maize, cultivation of Luong bamboo and other perennial crops, forest land and reforestation. More details are in Table 12 and the RLDP. 7. Main Income Sources Agricultural cultivation is the main activity that generate incomes in the area, accounts for about 40% - 60% of total income of HH in the area. Cultivation activities including paddy rice and dry field rice, and other cultivated crops such as corn and cassava. * Paddy rice cultivation: There are two rice crops per year. The area belong to Thanh Hoa province is steep in topography thus is not suitable for paddy rice cultivation. There are few land strips, several hundred square meters to several hectares each, being cultivated one or two crops per year by local HHs. Cultivation of paddy rice in the area is much depending on natural condition, thus productivity is low due. An exception is Xuan Nha commune where land area is flat area and water is abundant. An irrigation system was built to supply water for irrigation of about 60 ha of paddy land. Environmental Management Plan 169 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP * Dry land cultivation: this type of cultivation is popular in the area. In average, each HH has 2 to 3 ha of dry cultivation land. Common crops are dry rice, corn and cassava to meet HH demand. Heavily relying on natural conditions, productivity is low and not stable. * Livestock: Currently, in average each of households has 1-2 cows or/and buffalo, some households have 3-4 cows or/and buffalos, 1-2 pigs and 10-15 poultries. Livestock has not been considered as a significant income resources of HHs. * Forestry is one of the main activities in the area. Forestry sector in the project area mostly engaged in local households in protecting forests through projects implemented in the region. In the past years, many households in Trung Ly, Muong Ly and Trung Son communes have developed bamboo farms which is efficient in terms of generating additional incomes for local people, beside agricultural production * Aquaculture: Water surface area in the project area is limited, so aquaculture development is also limited. However, freshwater fish raising has been developed further in recent years, with increased area of ponds and lakes. In future, when Trung Son reservoir is formed, it will create good conditions to develop aquaculture in local communities. 8. Public Services Health care: There is one health care clinic with physician and/or 1-2 nurses who are all trained local people in each commune. Health care and family planning programs have been implemented effectively and contributed to reduce some diseases such as malaria, bronchitis, etc. However, these clinics are poorly equipped so that all serious cases have to be sent to district hospitals. Communication: According to statistical data of Thanh Hoa and Hoa Binh in 2005, proportion of households who have telephone is very low. Telephone service is still not available in some communes resulting difficulties in communication with outside. The number of communes without radio and television is still high due to cost. K-3: Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts and Typical Mitigation Measures 1. Types of Proposed Infrastructures The proposed infrastructure includes: o Rural roads, ferry stages and bridges: approximately 43.2 km of Class B rural roads, five ferry stages and two small bridges; o Water Supply: 14 water retaining walls which are about 1 m ­ 1.2 m high, 41.5 km of distribution pipes to convey water from source to households for domestic use, and 26.5 km of channels for irrigation serving 27 ha of rice field, two crops/year; o Power supply: build 13 substations of 31.5 kVA, 75 kVA or 100 kVA. Install 10.7 km of 0.4 kV power line and 30.18 km of 35 kV power lines; Environmental Management Plan 170 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP o Commune buildings including 8 kindergarten, 5 classrooms and 4 accommodation for teachers, 5 cultural houses. All are grade 4 (one storey); o Housing: Affected households may have the choice of building their new houses one their own, or having the project to build houses for them based on the model that affected households have chosen among those introduced by the project. 2. Potential Impacts and risks associated with resettlement investments As the SESIA and EMP have covered project's major socio-environmental issues, this EMF focus on the potential impacts/risks associated with the construction and operation of the infrastructures and other supports provided under resettlement program. Table K-16 lists the activities that may take place during the construction/operation of the proposed facilities and associated potential socio-environmental impacts/issues: Table K-16: Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts/Risks Facility Activity Potential Explanation and Comments impacts/issues Pre-construction and Construction phase As project area was subjected to bombing during the war, some UXO may have been left at the sites and cause accidents to workers or damages to construction plant if Accidents they are accidentally activated during site related to UXO clearance. Mine clearance should be carried out at all construction sites including construction site, borrow pits, workers' camps etc before the Site clearance contractor is mobilized to the site. and Leveling All Vegetation removal is mostly take place along ROW of road, water supply pipelines, power lines, borrow pits and quarries of Trees cut down, roads, construction sites of public buildings, vegetation cover workers camps, storage or materials loading is removed. areas etc. After trees/vegetation cover is removed, barren soil under the impacts of wind and water become more vulnerable to weathering process. Erosion potential increase with time and lead to slope instability, land slide. Environmental Management Plan 171 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Facility Activity Potential Explanation and Comments impacts/issues Pre-construction and Construction phase Localized If the site is leveled and become higher than flooding at the the surrounding areas, rainwater may site and concentrate into these lower areas and cause surrounding localized flooding if a drainage path is not in areas place. Dust, odor, soil and water pollution, erosion are the potential impacts associated with waste and wastewater generation and Waste dumping. generation and dumping Waste generated also include the trees, vegetation, top soil removed during site clearance and other waste generated from demolition of existing structures, if any. Inadequate drinking water quality may have short or long term impacts on the health of workers. Build/rent Water use. facility for Waste and wastewater generated from Waste and workers workers' accommodation will contain high wastewater accommodation level of biological contents. Nuisance to discharge community, odor, air and water pollution are the potential impacts and these will affect the health of workers and local community. Conflicts with ethnic minority may occur due Social/cultural to difference in customs, culture and income conflicts levels. The conflicts would be particularly Increase serious if concentration of workers in project HIV/AIDs Mobilise areas result in the introduction of additional transmission workers to the social evils such as drinking, gambling, risks site prostitution etc. Increase threats As the resettlement sites area not very far related to wildlife from three natural protected areas, hunting, catching mobilization of workers to the site may lead to and increased wildlife hunting, catching or wildlife consumption consumption. Environmental Management Plan 172 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Facility Activity Potential Explanation and Comments impacts/issues Pre-construction and Construction phase cultural objects During excavation, archaeological objects found may be exposed. Site management, protection of discovered objects, the need for archaeological excavation etc, will need to be discussed in that case. Slopes created by excavation works, Excavation Land particularly in areas with weak soil or steep slide/erosion slope will pose increased erosion risks or land slide threats. Accidents may occur at open holes created Safety for local during construction if site protection or people and warning is not adequately implemented. workers on open Accident risk is higher when construction site holes/excavated is located near commune centre or frequently sites access by local people. Wastewater has Wastewater from concrete mixing area Batching plants high turbidity normally contain high content of suspended and concrete materials (soil, sand, cement etc.). mixing Wastewater containing high solid contents also come from equipment washing. Loading, Fire/explosive Storage of materials such as fuel and oil, unloading and /accident risks paints, other chemicals etc. may cause fire/explosive hazard risks. Improper electrical storage of wiring also cause electrical shocks or fire risk. bitumen, soil, stones etc. other Existing infrastructures located within or at construction Damage crop the side of construction sites include irrigation materials land ditch or natural drainage channels, water Interrupt the pipes, power supply, etc. Construction The operations of these works may be waste loading operations of existing interrupted due to carelessly loaded or and dumping overloaded construction materials, or infrastructures movements of construction plants. Disturb local Happen when construction plants are parking traffic on local roads for loading or unloading construction materials and wastes; Disrupt access Temporary construction waste dumps and/or Environmental Management Plan 173 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Facility Activity Potential Explanation and Comments impacts/issues Pre-construction and Construction phase to houses and/or construction materials loads may also cause agricultural land obstructions to local traffic. Appropriate area should be designated for construction plants parking, unloading construction materials, temporary waste dumps and storage areas. Loose granular materials loaded in open air Increased area may follow rain water to join surface turbidity in runoff and cause increased turbidity in water surface run-off, Oil/ fuel leakage from storage area may also water pollution cause water pollution. Frequent movement of construction plant while loading/unloading materials, movements of bulk equipment/materials or Safety risks to construction material piles (particularly bricks, local community water and drainage pipes) may pose safety risks to local people while approaching these sites. Soil pollution Soil and water may be polluted by oil leaked from machinery and equipment during Operations of Water pollution operation / maintenance. Therefore construction from wastewater maintenance should be carried out in a equipment and workshop instead of at the site. plants Safety for locals Movement of operating construction plants during may cause accidents to unauthorized people construction accessing the site. Dust is typical at batching plant and storage areas. The impacts of dust are worse in unsealed roads in dry weather. Dusts is also Noise and dusts generated from stockpiles dumping sites. Others Workers and houses are mostly affected. Dust level may also be increased in roads used for transportation of construction materials and wastes. Environmental Management Plan 174 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Facility Activity Potential Explanation and Comments impacts/issues Pre-construction and Construction phase In addition to the potential issues/impacts listed above, some additional issues/impacts may occur during the construction/ operation of some specific types of infrastructure. These additional impacts/issues are listed below Drainage for Erosion at discharge points of drainage pipes. Erosion roads Safety risk is associated with blasting, rolling stones, and movement of vehicles and construction plants in and out of the quarries. Safety Concerns on safety/accessibility related to connection between road and roadside facilities may arise. noise, dust and Quarries operations also generates high level vibration of noise and dust and vibrations. Night time is most sensitive to noise and vibration. Operations at borrow pits Erosion Erosion may occur at excavated areas at and quarries borrow pits and quarries due to vegetation removal and slope cutting. Flooding/drainage Accumulated granular materials may obstruct down slops surface runoff and cause flooding at and Rural Road around borrow pits and quarry areas. Excavation and removal of vegetation may Landscape speed up erosion on barren land, borrow pits values and quarries. Safety stability: Earth cuts on slopes cause these potential Construction landslide, impacts, particularly in areas having weak on slops flooding geological foundation Construction Accessibility to Road construction may block access to road of road roadside facilities side facilities, the impacts is most significant sections and cultivation when road crossing kindergarten or health crossing road land care centre. side facilities, Safety during Movement of construction plants may cause structures & construction accidents to local traffic agricultural phase land Bridges Pile Vibration Vibrations from pile driving Environmental Management Plan 175 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Facility Activity Potential Explanation and Comments impacts/issues Pre-construction and Construction phase installation Disturb waterway Disturbance to waterway traffic may happen traffic during pile driving on water way. Working at Dropped items, falling debris, worker safety. Safety risks height Construction Safety for all traffic means at construction Safety Ferry stages at the side of sites and disturbance/interruption of water Waterway traffic the reservoir way traffics. accessibility to When stream is temporarily blocked for the Water water of other construction of water retaining wall, access to retaining construction users down water for washing, domestic use or irrigation walls stream during low at downstream may be affected. flow Temporary Similar to what described earlier however loading of Traffic accidents related to pipes loading is higher as Water tanks, pipes, disturbance they are bulky and heavy. Distribution construction safety pipes materials Pipes Erosion/land Erosion/land slide may occur on slopes of trenching slide deep pipe trenches. Line Safety at the SS, power tower and domestic stretching, Traffic electrical use power disturbance Power connection supply Wire when workers are working at height installation Safety on poles Community Located in As described earlier Disturbance to houses popular local traffic Kindergarten location Classrooms As described earlier Community and access to accommodati Safety construction on for sites teachers Fibrocement is supposed to be a cancer Reuse of initiator. Human being can be exposed to it fibrocement Residential Health impacts: through dusts in the air or through rainwater. materials Houses cancer risks This material has been banned in Vietnam. from existing Currently some existing houses have a roof houses made of fibrocement. Use or reuse of Environmental Management Plan 176 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Facility Activity Potential Explanation and Comments impacts/issues Pre-construction and Construction phase fibrocement should be forbidden and people should wear protective clothing when removing such materials. Demolished structures should be dumped at approved sites. Waste water Sanitation including household drainage and generated Health impacts sanitation facilities will be included in Hygiene standard house designs Storage water or stagnant wastewater will Mosquito contribute to mosquito breeding and vector- breeding borne disease. Operation phase If water is released from height to unpaved Erosion at down soil below, erosion may occur and affect soil slopes of drains stability at these points. Drainage for If the elevation of the road is higher than road road side buildings or a drainage system is Localized flooding not available at road side, localized flooding Rural Road will occur. Smooth connection between the main road Accessing and roadside facilities should ensure to avoid roadside Safety accidents for vehicles, particularly bicycles buildings and motorbikes Access to Smoothness of access to bridges, side Bridges bridge from Safety protection is needed, together with protection two ends facilities such as handrail and sign boards Access to Safety and Ramp steepness may cause difficulties for Ferry stages ramps accessibility heavy vehicles carrying bamboos Water storage at households during Water water Mosquito operation phase create breeding ground for Supply storage breeding mosquitoes and other insects. Unauthorized access or contact to equipment at power substations, poles may cause Power Electricity health hazard. safety Supply usage Improper wiring or usage of electricity in ethnic minority households may also cause fire and health hazard. Odor, aesthetic issues, water and soil Community Waste and waste operation pollution would occur if waste / wastewater is houses water Environmental Management Plan 177 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Facility Activity Potential Explanation and Comments impacts/issues Pre-construction and Construction phase Schools, management not managed properly kindergarten Use of Odor from toilets or improper disposal of wastes sanitation will cause nuisance and affect the health of facility local community Residential Stagnant water due to improper drainage Houses Wastewater Vector disease surrounding houses/ living area will facilitate generated transmission concentration/development of vector borne diseases. 3. Typical Mitigation Measures With the potential impacts listed in Table K-16, mitigation measures are known based on experience of similar projects implemented in the country. These measures are listed in Table K-17 below and should be used to compile individual Environmental Management Plans for each resettlement site. Table K-175: Mitigation Measures (including both design solutions and construction practices) Potential Mitigation measures Applicability impacts/issues Accidents related · Arrange for licensed contractor to carry out mine All investments 1 to UXO clearance before contractor occupy the site. Construction practice should be guided and All investments supervised to minimize removal of vegetation: · Cut trees manually Trees cut down, · Maintain topsoil and reuse for tree planting 2 vegetation cover is where applicable removed. · Recover vegetation in disturbed areas · Do not cut down trees out of ROW · Do not use chemicals for tree clearance · Design of road, borrow pits and quarries, Roads community houses should include proper design 3 Localized flooding Community for drainage to avoid flooding buildings · Drainage channels should be installed as early as possible and maintained throughout Environmental Management Plan 178 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Potential Mitigation measures Applicability impacts/issues construction phase. · Drainage channels should be checked and maintained regularly · Reuse non-hazardous wastes such as trees, top All soil etc where possible · Wastes should be collected and disposed of in approved areas. 4. Waste generation · Provide appropriate waste containers/ disposal facility at workers camps, kindergarten, classrooms, teachers' accommodation · Dispose of waste at approved site Appropriate control measures need to be developed all and incorporated into construction practice Noise and dust · Inform local authority and community about 5 construction schedule · Watering · Cover trucks · Schedule construction time to avoid sensitive hours · Design of commune buildings and individual All houses to include wastewater treatment (septic tanks) · Provision of adequate sanitation facilities should be included in construction contracts · Treat wastewater generated at the sites including batching plants before being discharged into the environment · Cover, contain fuel and oil storage area · Enclose granular material storage/loading areas 6 Water pollution · Lead surface runoff through filtration/ sedimentation tank before leaving construction site · Isolate construction storage materials to limit granular materials entering surface runoff Maintenance of machinery/equipment should be carried out in workshop, on-site maintenance is forbidden. · Store fuel on contained impermeable ground, with roof and warning signs to restrict access · Monitor storage area regularly and take timely action when leakage found Environmental Management Plan 179 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Potential Mitigation measures Applicability impacts/issues · Introduce code of conduct used in the main All Social/cultural project to control worker's behavior. conflicts · Encourage contractor to use local labor where 7 possible Increase HIV/AIDs · Extend communication campaigns on HIV/AIDs transmission risks carried out under the main project's health program to resettlement construction workers Increase threats · Workers code of conduct to include prohibitions all related to wildlife toward nature and wildlife. 8 hunting, catching and consumption cultural objects · Apply Chance Find Procedure developed for the all 9 found main project to resettlement program. · Apply engineering measures in combination with Roads greening method to protect slopes at road sides, borrow pits and quarries Land slide/erosion · Take into account water column when designing Power supply 10 discharge point of drainage pipes, lower the Slop stability height as much as possible · Include engineering solutions for energy dispersion before and after at discharge point of Water supply drains · Protect slopes created during excavation · Develop, apply and monitor the implementation All of workplace safety regulations including safety 11 Safety for workers measures when working at high Particularly road & power supply · Provide protective equipment for workers and enforce the usage · Restrict unauthorized access to construction All sites · Place signboards and warning signs at risky locations such as open holes, at substations, or Roads on/near power poles · Design bridges to ensure safe access at both Power,water Safety for ends 12 supply community · Ensure smooth connection between the main road and roadside facilities to avoid accidents Power supply for vehicles, particularly bicycles and motorbikes water, power · Guard before and during blasting · Install and maintain lighting for use at night and signboards when carrying out construction works on waterway Environmental Management Plan 180 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Potential Mitigation measures Applicability impacts/issues · Set and implement limits on height of construction material loads on vehicles such as bricks, pipes · Allocate workers to direct traffic when trucks moving in and out the site or during loading/unloading of bulky materials and equipment · Provide training to ethnic beneficiaries on safe electricity use · Optimise construction schedule to limit the Water supply impacts on accessibility to water · Carry out consultation about timing for Ferry stages Accessibility to construction 13 infrastructure/ · Inform community about construction schedule resource by users as early as possible · Provide alternative access to houses if construction block access · Design power substation include lightening Road protection, fire fighting equipment and warning signboards Power supply · Include fire/explosion prevention issues in Fire/explosive 14 workplace safety regulations risks · Place warning signboard at fuel and oil storage area. · Isolate fuel and oil storage area from flammable risks. Access disruption · Raise awareness of machinery operator and Roads access or damage supervise construction practice 15 Power supply to crop land · Supervise excavation/leveling works to ensure materials are within designated areas · Compensate for damage caused · Use or reuse of fibrocement is forbidden Heath risks · Workers/ people wear protected clothing when removing fibrocement materials. 16 related to · Demolished structures should be dumped at fibrocement approved sites. · Sanitation including household drainage and sanitation facilities will be included in standard Vector disease house designs 17 control · Design of water tanks to include cover and holes for regular cleaning Environmental Management Plan 181 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Safety Measures When Working at Height Workers may be exposed to occupational hazards when working at elevation during construction, maintenance, and operation activities. Prevention and control measures for working at height include: - Testing structures for integrity prior to undertaking work; - Implementation of a fall protection program that includes training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures; inspection, maintenance, and replacement of fall protection equipment; and rescue of fall-arrested workers, among others; - Installation of fixtures on tower components to facilitate the use of fall protection systems; - Provision of an adequate work-positioning device system for workers. Connectors on positioning systems should be compatible with the tower components to which they are attached; - Hoisting equipment should be properly rated and maintained and hoist operators properly trained; - Safety belts should be of not less than 16 millimeters (mm) two-in-one nylon or material of equivalent strength. Rope safety belts should be replaced before signs of aging or fraying of fibers become evident; - When operating power tools at height, workers should use a second (backup) safety strap; - Signs and other obstructions should be removed from poles or structures prior to undertaking work; - An approved tool bag should be used for raising or lowering tools or materials to workers on structures. Description on Project Chance Find Procedures Chance find procedures as set out in Annex E of this Environment Management Plan are to be followed. Environmental Management Plan 182 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP K-4: Environmental Management Framework for Infrastructure at Resettlement Sites 1. Environmental Legal Requirements According to existing Vietnamese Environmental Law, depending on contract packaging for Feasibility Study (FS) of the proposed investments, one Environmental Protection Commitment (EPC) will be required for each FS contract package. These EPCs are subjected to approval of District People's Committee. As Vietnamese consultants are familiar with EPC, the standard format of EPC regulated by MONRE is not included in this document. To meet the Bank requirements, environmental screening and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will also be carried out for each contract package and attached to the EPC as annex. Environmental Screening will help to define the potential socio-environmental impacts associated with each type of proposed investment in each contract package, and EMP will propose: (i) mitigation plans to mitigate the potential impacts identified at screening stage; (ii) environmental monitoring plan. Public consultations will be required during the preparation of the EMPs. Feedback received during public consultations should be incorporated into mitigation and monitoring plans prepared in each EMP. The final draft of the EMP will be disclosed in project commune for public access. 2. Implementation Procedures The steps of environmental management procedure to be carried out for investment program in resettlement areas are summarized below: Table K-18: Environmental Management Procedure Activity to be Review/ Monitored Step By Guidance carried out by PMB/ Standard environmental Environmental PMB, WB post 1 contracted screening forms are Screening review consultant provided in Appendix 1 The outline of an EMP is provided in Section 3 of this chapter and some Prepare DPC approve EPC applicable forms are Environmental PMB/ provided in Appendix 2 2. EPC and EMP contracted The Bank post- (mitigation plan) and including Public consultant review EMPs Appendix 3 (monitoring consultation plan). The form for recording Public Consultation is Environmental Management Plan 183 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Activity to be Review/ Monitored Step By Guidance carried out by provided in Appendix 4 Disclose EMP at 3. commune/village PMB WB centers Check lists for incorporating mitigation Incorporate measures into design are mitigation provided in Appendix 5. measures into PMB An example of Detail Design 4. detail design, Contractor Consultant WB post review bidding document Environmental and contractual Responsibilities is documents provided in Appendix 6 (for inclusion into bidding document) Implement Mitigation 5. PMB WB monitor measures at Pre- construction phase PMB, supervising Mitigation Implement consultant; Local Implementation Mitigation 6. Contractor authorities facilitate Reporting form is measures at contractor's provided in Appendix 7 construction phase activities Monitoring and PMB Environmental TOR for reporting on the Construction Supervision Construction implementation of Consultant is provided in 7. Supervision mitigation Appendix 8 consultant measures during construction phase 3. Environmental Management Plans Each EMP will include the following aspects: · Summary of impacts (Use the form in Appendix 1) Environmental Management Plan 184 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP · Mitigation Plan (see example of a Mitigation Plan in Appendix 2). Based on the screening results and the typical mitigation measures described in Section 3 of Chapter 3, PMB consultant should be able to prepare one mitigation plan for each package that suits the type and scopes of investments as well as site-specific conditions) · Environmental monitoring program to cover both construction and operation. (Appendix 3 provides an example of a monitoring plan and one monitoring plan should be prepared for each contract package based on the impacts identified and mitigation plan proposed). · Public consultation (fill in the forms provided in Appendix 4) · Reporting requirements (Section 5 of this Chapter) The EMP should also include maps, sketches, layouts and photos showing the resettlement site before construction. The cost for implementation of each EMP should be included in the total cost of each contract package. 4. Institutional Arrangements The responsibilities of each stakeholder in implementing are described in Table 20 below: Table K-19: Responsibilities in implementing EMF/subproject EMPs Stake holder Responsibilities Phase - Contracting consultants to carry out Preliminary survey, environmental screening and prepare sub- FS preparation project EMPs - Monitor to make sure that appropriate Engineering design mitigation measures are incorporated into engineering design, bidding documents Trung Son PMB and contracts on construction and 1. construction supervision - Allocate adequate resources including staffing and budget for implementation and Construction supervision of sub-project EMP - Overall supervision to ensure EMP compliance Construction and operation FS/Engineering - Incorporate appropriate mitigation Engineering design design measures into engineering design bidding consultant documents and contracts on construction Bidding document 2. and construction supervision. and contract - Make sure that cost estimation is included preparation costs for implementation of mitigation measures Environmental Management Plan 185 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Stake holder Responsibilities Phase Construction - Ensure that the costs for the implantation Bidding and contractor of mitigation measures during construction construction 3. are included in bid price - Implement all mitigation measures specified in the bidding document Construction Carry out day-to-day environmental monitoring 4. supervision to ensure compliance with EMP, as part of consultant construction supervision. Facilitate: - Community consultation during detailed - Detail design 5. engineering design, if any takes place Local authorities - Identification of locations of dumping sites - Informing communities about construction schedule - construction - Community environmental monitoring 6. Resettled Carry out community monitoring as instructed - households 5. Monitoring and Reporting Flow Figure K-2: Monitoring and Reporting Flow WB TS HPP PMB EVN Local Authority Construction Supervisor Monitoring Community Reporting CONTRACTOR The contractor will prepare Monthly Report on Environmental Mitigation Implementation and submit to the construction supervisor. The report will be verified by the Construction Supervisor, who then submit to PMB or incorporate into monthly report or project progress reports prepared by Construction Supervisor. Copies of the contractor's monthly report will be kept at Contractor's Site Office and submit for review when required. Environmental Management Plan 186 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Local authorities will also participate in monitoring activities. In particular, representative from district people's Committee may be invited to take part in supervision mission. Commune/Village leaders will play an active role in mobilizing local community to involve in monitoring activities. Environmental Management Plan 187 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendix 1 ­ ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING FORMS Proposed investments Trung Son Hydropower Development Project Resettlement Investments on Resettlement Sites Contract Package: Province: District Commune: Resettlement Site: ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... Investments proposed (tick in the cell and specify type, quantity and size etc): Rural road: Power Supply: Water Supply: Public buildings Water retaining wall: ... community house Length: ......... km Length: Height: ....m Width: ......... ....... km kV .... Class room Size of Substation: Distribution pipes Length .... km D..... .... kindergarten Water tanks: Quantity ... nos, size: Residential houses Drainage Other (specify) Quantity Length: ......... km Quantity Size Width: ......... Total land Area Length, height Environmental Screening: Environmental Management Plan 188 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Screening question Yes No Description of the potential issue if the answer is "yes" (information below are only examples) If answer "yes" then specify which activity(ies) cause the impacts, who are affected, scope, Will the construction/operation and duration. Provide figures about size, of the rural road work cause: quantity and other relevant parameters where possible). Below are some suggestions: For all packages, answer all of the questions from 1 to 14 Describe the area/ width / length of the areas in which vegetation will be removed, density 1. Removal of vegetation? of vegetation on the ground Type of trees/vegetation to be cleared Describe if when workers from other areas come and stay at construction site hunting, 2. Increased threat to wildlife? catching and/or consumptions of wildlife products fire risks will be increased Name the materials that generate significant dusts, most risky situation (relate to quantity of materials at source, weather conditions etc) and number of households/people may be affected Increase localized dust, noise Name the construction plants and activities 3. and vibration levels? that generate high level of noise/vibration, time when high noise level/vibration occurs, distance from noise/vibration source to houses and/or other sites most vulnerable to noise/vibration such as meeting venues, schools, cultural/historical sites etc State whether there are surface water Degradation of surface water sources adjacent to construction site. quality at sources nearby Estimate the possibility that runoff from 4. construction sites due to runoff construction site can enter the water source from excavation/leveling or based on local topographical characteristic, workers' camp? construction during rainy/dry season.... Environmental Management Plan 189 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Local sanitation problem Relate to the number of workers at the site at resulted from construction a time, accessibility to water supply and sanitation, the type/quantity of construction 5. wastes and wastes generated wastes that would be generated from from construction including construction camping site? Describe the areas/locations/sites that unstable or uncovered soil has high potential 6. Erosion/land slide risks of erosion due to water and wind. Discuss areas/sites where localized flooding 7. Localised flooding? may occur. Disruptions of access to water Describe if the road cut though streams as sources / other existing public source of water for various domestic and 8. production activities services (roads, schools, clinics, or cultivation land etc.) Affect existing cultural / Discuss if the road cross existing worshiping 9. place, temples, cemetery etc. historical sites? Cause safety risks to Name the locations / sites, the activities that communities living near potentially cause safety risks to local people, 10. construction sites or along and name the type of risks transportation route in the areas? safety and occupational health Name the locations / sites, the activities that 11. potentially cause safety risks to workers, and for workers including the risk name the type of risks of UXO Describe existing road surface condition, kind 12. Damage or degradation of of vehicles used in the project would case local roads, bridges or other damage/degradation to road, level of rural infrastructures? operations along the road Potential for conflict between Relate to the number of workers at a site at construction workers and local the same time, workers' living conditions at peoples or increased risk of the site and distance from their 13. disease dissemination (e.g. accommodation to local residential areas... HIV/AIDS etc.) between construction workers and local peoples ? Questions 14-15 are applicable to packages with rural road construction: 14. Cause safety risks for Describe the distance from borrow communities living or farming pits/quarries to nearest residential cluster and near borrow pits and quarries? the possibility that local people access the road work Environmental Management Plan 190 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 15. Describe if the elevation of the road is much Cause fragmentation of higher/lower than the houses along it, and if the proposed road divide the existing community/landscape? community into two sides of the roads Questions 16-17 are applicable to packages with power supply Identify and describe the potential risks such as electrical shocks, toxic substance leakage etc (see below for reference) Most occupational health and safety issues during the construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning of electric power distribution projects are common to those of large industrial facilities. These impacts include, among others, exposure to physical hazards from use of heavy equipment and cranes; trip and fall hazards; exposure to dust and noise; falling objects; work in confined spaces; exposure to hazardous materials; and exposure to What are the main electrical hazards from the use of tools and safety/health risks related to machinery. 16. the operation of sub-stations and/or transmission lines such Occupational health and safety hazards as fire/explosion hazards due specific to electric power transmission and distribution projects primarily include: to lightning or other reasons? · Live power lines · Working at height · Electric and magnetic fields Exposure to chemicals Hazards most directly related to power transmission and distribution lines and facilities occur as a result of electrocution from direct contact with high-voltage electricity or from contact with tools, vehicles, ladders, or other devices that are in contact with high-voltage electricity. 17. Will power consumption Relate to familiarity of ethnic minorities with contain safety risks? electrical equipment and electrical use Questions 18-21 are applicable to packages with water supply Environmental Management Plan 191 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 18. Cause degradation of surface State whether there are surface water water quality at source? sources adjacent to construction site. Estimate the possibility that runoff from construction site can enter the water source based on local topographical characteristic, construction during rainy/dry season.... 19. Cause disruptions of access Describe if the road cut though streams as to water sources / other source of water for various domestic and existing public services production activities (roads, schools, clinics, or Discuss if the road cross existing worshiping cultivation land etc.) place, temples, cemetery etc. 20. Cause increased stagnant Relate water use with wastewater generation water and drainage 21. Cause increased mosquito Describe the risks breeding risks? Questions 22-25 are applicable to packages with housing (individual/community) Relate the use of facilities provided 22. particularly sanitation facility, water taps ect. Safety risks for children? At kindergartens, classrooms etc 23. Create accessibility for Discuss about the design of commune house disabled people? and schools, kindergarten 24. Cause odor problem? Relate to the location of sanitation facility 25. Cause health risks associated Relate to relocation of existing individual with fibrocement roof removal? houses having fibrocement roof Environmental Management Plan 192 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendix 2 ­ AN EXAMPLE OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN Name of the work to be covered: Potential Mitigation measures Implemented by Monitored by impacts/issues Design Phase 1. Localized flooding Design of road, borrow pits and quarries, Design Consultant PMB community houses including drains 2. Wastewater Design of commune buildings and individual houses Design Consultant PMB management included wastewater treatment (septic tanks) 3. · Apply engineering measures in combination with Design Consultant PMB greening method to protect slops at road side, borrow pits and quarries · Take into account water column when designing Erosion discharge point of drainage pipes, lower the high prevention/ slope as much as possible stability · Include engineering solutions for energy dispersion before and after at discharge point of drains · Design of bridge ensure safe access to bridges at two ends 4. · Sanitation including household drainage and Design Consultant PMB sanitation facilities will be included in standard Vector disease house designs control · Design of water tanks include cover and holes for regular cleaning Environmental Management Plan 193 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Pre-construction Phase 5. Accidents related · Licensed contractor to carry out mine clearance Contractor Construction Supervisor to UXO before contractor occupy the site. PMB Construction Phase 6. Construction practice should be guided and Contractor supervised to minimize removal of vegetation: Trees cut down, · Cut trees manually vegetation cover is · Maintain topsoil and reuse for tree planting removed. where applicable · Recover vegetation in disturbed areas · Do not cut down trees out of ROW · Do not use chemical for trees clearance 7. · Drainage channels are installed within two Contractor Construction Supervisor weeks since site handed over and be Localized flooding maintained throughout construction phase. PMB · Drainage channels are checked weekly and maintained regularly 8. · Reuse non-hazardous wastes such as trees, top Contractor Construction Supervisor soil etc where possible PMB · Wastes should be collected and disposed of in approved areas. Waste generation · Provide appropriate waste containers/ disposal facility at workers camps, kindergarten, classrooms, teachers' accommodation · Dispose of waste at approved site Environmental Management Plan 194 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 9. · Inform local authority and community about Contractor Construction Supervisor construction schedule Noise and dusts PMB · Watering dusty areas in hot dry weather · Cover trucks carrying soil, sand · Schedule construction time to avoid before 6am and after 11pm 10. · Provide adequate sanitation facilities for workers Contractor Construction Supervisor · Treat wastewater generated at the sites PMB including batching plants before being discharged into the environment · Cover, contain fuel and oil storage area · Enclose granular material storage/loading areas · Led wastewater to go through filtration/ Water pollution sedimentation tank before leaving the sites · Isolate construction storage materials to limit granular materials entering surface runoff · Only maintain machinery/equipment in workshop. On-site maintenance is forbidden. · Store fuel on contained impermeable ground, with roof and warning signs to restrict access · Monitor storage area regularly and take action timely when leakage found 11. · Introduce main project code of conduct to Contractor Construction Supervisor Social/cultural control workers' behavior. PMB conflicts · Encourage contractor to use local labor where possible Increase HIV/AIDs transmission risks · Extend communication campaigns on HIV/AIDs carried out under the main project's health program to resettlement construction workers Environmental Management Plan 195 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 12. Increase threats · Wildlife hunting, catching and keeping is Contractor Construction Supervisor related to wildlife forbidden hunting, catching · Do not set a fire if not authorized or instructed PMB and consumption by construction supervisor 13. cultural objects · Apply Chance Find Procedure developed for the Contractor Construction Supervisor found main project to resettlement site construction. PMB 14. Land slide/erosion · Protect slopes created during excavation Contractor Construction Supervisor Slop stability PMB 15. Safety for workers · Provide protective clothes and gloves for Contractor Construction Supervisor workers PMB · Place warning signs at open holes · Apply safety measures when working at height Environmental Management Plan 196 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 16. Safety for · Restrict unauthorized access to construction Contractor Construction Supervisor community sites PMB · Place signboard and warning signs at risky locations such as open holes, at substations, or on/near power poles · Ensure smooth connection between the main road and roadside facilities to avoid accidents for vehicles, particularly bicycles and motorbikes · Guard before and during blasting · Install and maintain and lighting and night and signboards when carry out construction works on waterway · Set and implement limits on height of construction material loads on trucks such as bricks, pipes · Allocate worker to direct traffic when trucks moving in and out the site or during loading/ unloading of bulky materials and equipment · Provide training to ethnic beneficiaries on safe CLIP Consultant/ PMB electricity use Power Company 17. Accessibility to · Optimize construction schedule to limit the Contractor Construction Supervisor infrastructure/ impacts on accessibility to water resource by users · Carry out consultation about timing for PMB construction · Inform community about construction schedule as early as possible · Provide alternative access to houses if construction block access Environmental Management Plan 197 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 18. Fire/explosive · Include fire/explosion prevention issues in Contractor Construction Supervisor risks workplace safety regulations PMB · Place warning signboard at fuel and oil storage area. · Isolate fuel and oil storage area from flammable risks. 19. Disrupt access or · Raise awareness of machinery operator and Contractor Construction Supervisor damage crop land supervise construction practice PMB · Supervise excavation/leveling works to ensure materials are within designated areas · Compensate for damage caused 20. Heath risks · Use or reuse of fibrocement is forbidden Contractor Construction Supervisor related to · Workers/ people wear protected clothing when fibrocement removing fibrocement materials. PMB · Demolished structures should be dumped at approved sites. Environmental Management Plan 198 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendix 3 ­ AN EXAMPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Potential Method of monitoring Timing Indication of Compliance Monitored by impacts/issues · Review document During design Contract is signed PMB Accidents related 1 to UXO · Site inspection and Before contractor is The work is done interview mobilized to the site Trees cut down, · Visual observation on Prior to site clearance · topsoil is stored at the site PMB vegetation cover is the vegetation cover Weekly, during site · Trees outside construction site Construction 2 removed. and trees are maintained clearance Supervisor · Visual observation on After heavy rains · Surface run off is well drained Construction 3 Localized flooding how water is drained/ · The site is stagnant water free Supervisor discharged When extensive excavation take place · Observe the site on weekly · The site is clean, free of PMB waste generation and garbage on surface disposal · Covered and water proof waste Construction 4. Waste generation bins are available supervisor · Waste is not disposed of openly at the site · Interview Monthly · local authority are aware of PMB · Observe dust level at Daily when extensive construction progress the site excavation, concrete Construction Noise and dust · Trucks are covered 5 pouring and supervisor · Roads, construction sites are not construction take too dusty place · No complaints about dust, noise Environmental Management Plan 199 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP · Observe construction Twice weekly · Drains are created and Construction sites, storage areas on sedimentation traps/settling supervisor how surface runoff is holes included 6 Water pollution drained · fuel and oil storage area are covered and bunded · No trace of fuel/oil leakage on soil surface Social/ cultural · Interview workers and month · Information campaign on Construction locals HIV/AIDs extended to supervisor conflicts 7 · Observation of laborers resettlement sites workers Increase HIV/AIDs working at the site · local laborers hired to do manual transmission risks work Increase threats · Inspect workers' camps Weekly, particularly · No wildlife kept in camps Construction related to wildlife food and facilities holidays · No hunting, catching tools found supervisor 8 · Interview local people in camps hunting, catching and consumption · No wildlife consumption reported cultural resources · Observation Excavation works is · Chance find procedures is Construction 9 on-going applied supervisor protection · Observe soil Excavation on-going · Slops are protected from erosion Construction movement and during excavation supervisor Land slide/erosion Weekly at disturbed 10 potential on disturbed · Barren soil in disturbed areas re- sites, particularly areas where Slope stability vegetated or vegetation excavated areas vegetation not recovered recovered · Check document Within two weeks · workplace safety regulations Construction · Observe workers on since contractor is developed supervisor 11 Safety for workers mobilized protective cloths that · Workers wear protective clothes they wear such as gloves, boots, hard hats weekly etc. while working Environmental Management Plan 200 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP · Observe construction Weekly during · Warning signboards are placed Construction sites, borrow pits areas construction at the site supervisor and quarries, if any, · Guard before and during before, during and after blasting blasting take place · Site lighting is included · There are worker directing traffic Before and during when trucks moving in and out Safety for blasting take place the site or during 12 community loading/unloading of bulky materials and equipment · training on safe electricity use for ethnic beneficiaries has been conducted Before power supply system is energized · observation on the weekly · local authorities and affected Construction impacts on existing households are informed and supervisor Accessibility to infrastructure/resource agreed on water supply 13 infrastructure/ s construction schedule and be resource by users informed about temporary interruption, if any · alternative access to houses is provided when required · Observe fuel and oil daily · There are clear warning Construction storage area signboards at fuel and oil Supervisor storage area. Fire/explosive 14 · fire sources such as electrical risks wires, cooking areas etc. are at least 100 m from fuel and oil storage area Environmental Management Plan 201 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Disrupt access or · Observe crop land Weekly · No stockpiles, waste, Construction 15 damage crop land surrounding construction materials are Supervisor construction sites After excavation works dumped or loaded onto crop is completed land Heath risks · Observe house During house · Residents wear masks when Construction 16 related to relocation activities relocation removing fibrocement roof Supervisor fibrocement · Fibrocement material is not reused Vector disease · Inspects the During construction of · household drainage and PMB control contractor's practice on resettlement houses sanitation facilities are built 17 following design details · water tanks included cover and Construction drain holes Supervisor Environmental Management Plan 202 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendix 4 ­ FORM OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTATIONS RECORD No. Location where Date and Number of List of Local authority Summary of Issues Consultation took Time Participants and household discussed/raised place representatives attended Environmental Management Plan 203 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendix 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLISTS FOR DESIGN PHASE Form 5.1 ­ Environmental Check list for Roads, Bridges and Ferry Stages Commune: Resettlement Site: Check list Questions Yes No Unknown Recommendations 1. Are all lateral and cross drains properly designed? 2. Have all culverts been checked for appropriate dimensions to handle design flows? 3. Have all erosion and instability problems been identified and measures designed to address these issues? 4. Has design of the road included energy dispersion within drainage channel and discharge points? 5. Has the road design include adequate landscaping/greening measures? 6. Has the design included all signs for sensitive spots? 7. If the project includes exploitation of new quarries, has appropriate design for this exploitation been prepared? 8. Has the design included stabilization of slopes using vegetative measures (where required) 9. Has the design ensured continuity between the road and road-side household access? 10. Does the slope of access road to bridge / ferry suitable for heavily loaded primary transportation means? 11. Has design of bridges include adequate safety handrails? Others (describe) Prepared by Date: Environmental Management Plan 204 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Form 5.2 ­ Environmental Checklist for Power Supply (substation and distribution system) Commune: Resettlement Site: Check list questions Yes No Unknown Recommendations 1. Has the design of the Substation included lightening protection? 2. Has the design of the Substation included fences, warning signs and on-site fire-fighting equipment? 3. Has the alignment of the distribution lines been optimized to avoid land acquisition/ to minimize vegetation removal? 4. Has the design include erosion control on slops where the foundation of electrical poles are built? 5. Has power supply system include street lighting at residential areas? 6. Has the power distribution system include adequate warning signs and fences? Others (describe) Prepared by Date: Environmental Management Plan 205 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Form 5.3 ­ Environmental Design Criteria for Water Supply Commune: Resettlement Site: Check List questions Yes No Unknown Recommendations 1. Has the design of the water conveyance system incorporated measures to prevent erosion? 2. Has the design included slope stabilization measures (if/where required)? 3. Has water tank design included lids and draining hole for cleaning up? 4. Has the design of the water retaining walls include measures to minimize downstream impacts, e.g. allow environmental flow discharge when needed? 5. Has investments for the commune included drainage channels/solutions for residential areas in order to address potential impacts associated with wastewater generated from water usage? Others (describe) Prepared by: Date: Environmental Management Plan 206 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Form 5.4 ­ Environmental Checklist for Public Buildings Community centre, children Classrooms, teacher's accommodation Commune: Resettlement Site: Checklist Questions Yes No Unknown Recommendations 1. For kindergarten, has the design include measures to ensure safe accessibility for children, i.e. adequate height of stair case, suitable types of classroom and sanitation facilities, safety rails, ? 2. For community houses and classrooms, has the design included solutions to ensure accessibility for people with disabilities? 3. Has the design of the building included adequate sanitation facility and water supply? 4. Has the sitting of the sanitation facility (toilets) been optimized to ensure that odor issue is minimal during operation phase 5. 6. Others (describe) Environmental Management Plan 207 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Form 5.5 ­ Environmental Check List for Individual Homes Commune: Resettlement Site: Check List Questions Yes No Unknown Recommendations 1. Has the house been sited away from high erosion/landslide risk location? 2. Has the house be protected from erosion risks if it is located near a slop? 3. Has the house's staircase and window, if any, include safe handrails? 4. Is the house structure fibro-cement free? 5. Has sedimentation/filtration been part of water supply system? 6. Has water tanks has cover and with drain hole for cleaning? 7. Will wastewater be well-drained from the house/land? Others (describe) Environmental Management Plan 208 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendix 6 ­ CONTRACTOR'S ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBLITIES (for inclusion into bidding document and construction contracts) (Below is only an example. Based on the Mitigation Plan prepared for each subproject/contract, this template should be modified to suite the scope of investments in each contract Construction areas referred to in this Appendix include construction site, contractor's temporary office and staff accommodation, batching areas, materials storage and loading areas, and all other areas/facilities required during construction phase. During executing the works at the sites, the Contractor is required to be compliance with the following requirements: 1. General Site and Construction Practice Management · The construction areas shall be kept to a minimum; The Contractor shall restrict all his activities, materials, equipment and personnel within designated project areas. · Speed limit and construction in progress warning signboards shall be placed on the main road before and after access to the plant. · Sign boards with basic information about the project written in language understandable to local community shall be placed at the construction site · The sites will be fenced and separated from surrounding areas. · Camp areas shall be located to allow effective natural drainage; · Fuel, lubricants and/or any other hazardous materials will be stored in appropriately sealed containers and placed within a fenced and compacted/impervious floor with bund and settling pond/oil trap; Hazard signs indicating the nature of the stored materials shall be displayed on the storage facility or containment structure. Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, empty drums etc. generated at the site shall be collected in holding tanks and sent back to the supplier as soon as possible. · Wastewater and surface runoff from construction site or any disturbed areas shall be strictly controlled; wastewater shall be collected, solids in wastewater shall be settled before wastewater leave the construction site · Check up drainage weekly to ensure that any blockage or damage is be removed/repaired at the earliest possible time. · During heavy rains or emergencies of any kind, the contractor will suspend all work; · Before the contractor is demobilized from the site, all disturbed sites outside the fence of the plant will be reinstated. 2. Ensure Health and Workplace Safety The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with safety requirements and any other measures necessary to avoid accidents, including the following: · Assign an official to be responsible for health and safety issues; Environmental Management Plan 209 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP · Potable water safe for human consumption shall be provided for workers to use at contractor's temporary office/accommodation; · Adequate sanitation facilities including bathroom, septic tank toilets will be provided at the site for workers to use; · Adequate, day-time night-time lighting shall be provided; · Personal protective equipment and clothing (gloves, respirators, dust masks, hard hats, steel-toed boots, safety belts for working at height, etc.,) shall be provided to contractor's workers · Provide and install adequate firefighting equipment and portable fire extinguishers at the site · Ensure that basic fire-fighting equipment is available at all office and fuel storage areas; · Any work that requires the use of fire may only take place at a designated area approved by the Supervisor and must be supervised at all times; · Communicate and provide training for workers on Code of Conducts including HIV/AIDS risk prevention; · First aid facilities shall be provided at contractor's temporary office. 3. Solid Waste and Wastewater management: · Contractor's site offices, camps, and particularly storage areas for diesel fuel, bitumen and asphalt plants shall not be located within 500 meters of any watercourses, and be operated so that no pollutants enter watercourses, either overland or through groundwater seepage, especially during periods of rain; · Provide and maintain garbage covered bins at construction site and worker's office. · On-site burning of waste is prohibited; Garbage shall be disposed of in a safe manner approved by Project Manager; · Solid wastes generated from the site shall be reused if recyclable. Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources; · All hazardous and chemical waste shall be disposed of in a manner approved by Project Manager. Empty fuel or oil drums may not be stored on site; · Wastewater shall not be discharge directly into any water sources; · Runoff from fuel depots / machinery washing areas and concrete batching areas shall be collected into a settling tank and disposed off at a site approved by the Supervisor. 4. Ensure Safe storage, handling and disposal of fuel, lubricants and other hazardous substances · On-site maintenance of vehicles and machinery is prohibited. Maintenance must be done in workshop; · Inform the Project Manager of any accidental spill or incident; Initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident; · Provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. Environmental Management Plan 210 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP 5. Noise and Dust Control · Construction vehicles shall comply with speed limits and haul distances shall be minimized; · Loose material loads shall be suitably covered and secured during transportation; · The Contractor shall be responsible for any clean-up resulting from the failure by his employees or suppliers to properly secure transported materials. · Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind and water erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors; 6. Minimizing Impacts on Vegetation cover and Wildlife · The use of herbicides for vegetation clearance shall be forbidden; · Regularly check the work site boundaries to ensure that they are not exceeded and that no damage to vegetation cover occurs to surrounding areas; · Ensure no hunting, trapping, shooting, catching or poisoning of any fauna by contractor's workers; · Purchasing or consumption of wildlife / wildlife products is prohibited · Feeding of any wildlife is prohibited. · No domestic pets or livestock shall be permitted on site. 7. Erosion and Sedimentation control · The Contractor shall maintain stable cut and fill slopes at all times; · Any excavated cut or unsuitable material shall be disposed of in designated disposal areas as agreed to by the Supervisor. Disposal sites should not be located where they can cause future slides, or cause soil from the dump to be washed into any watercourse. · Drainage trenches will be built around construction sites to ensure drainage and reducing erosion risks. Drainage trenches should include energy dispersion to reduce erosion potential at discharge points · Sedimentation traps will be built as part of drainage system to ensure that sediments are kept before surface runoff is discharged from the site. Sedimentation traps will be checked weekly and cleaned up as needed to ensure effective operation; · Conserve topsoil with its leaf litter and organic matter, and reapply this material to local disturbed areas to promote the growth of local native vegetation; 8. Minimizing disturbance to daily life and safety of local communities · Maintain a supply for traffic signs (including paint, easel, sign material, etc.), road marking, and guard rails to maintain traffic safety during construction; · Place signs around the rehabilitation areas to facilitate traffic movement, and provide safety advice and warning. · If construction may cause damage or interruption to existing infrastructure, resources or public services, the contractor will inform the community at least one week in advance. Environmental Management Plan 211 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP When the construction is completed, the contractor will reinstate/rehabilitate all damages and reconnect the services as soon as possible. · All of the workforce shall abide by the laws and regulations of Vietnam; · Illegal substances, weapons and firearms shall be prohibited; · Gambling shall be prohibited; · Fighting (physical or verbal) shall be prohibited; · Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities shall be prohibited; · Disrespecting local customs and traditions shall be prohibited; · Smoking shall only be allowed in designated areas; · The following activities shall be prohibited on or near the project site. · Use of firearms (except authorized security guards); Use of alcohol in office hours; Having caged wild animals (especially birds) in camps; Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities; · The following will be applicable if the contractor carry out blastings: · The Contractor shall take necessary precautions to prevent damage to special features and the general environment; · Environmental damage caused by blasting / drilling shall be repaired at the Contractor's expense to the satisfaction of the Supervisor; · The Contractor shall notify any occupants / owners of surrounding land at least one week prior to blasting and shall address any concerns that they may have to the satisfaction of the Supervisor; 9. Reporting on Implementation of Environmental Responsibilities In his periodical /monthly report submitted to Trung Son PMB/construction supervisor, the contractor will report on the mitigation measures he undertook during the reporting period by filling information into Form 1. 10. Emergency Procedures · By definition, the nature of emergencies cannot be known. Therefore, the Contractor shall respond on a case-by-case basis to all emergencies and shall initiate event-specific measures in terms of notifications and reactions; · If any archaeological or paleontological artifacts or remains are uncovered during excavation activities, the Chance Find Procedures developed for the main Trung Son Hydropower Development Project will be applied; Environmental Management Plan 212 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP · For any emergency cases, the Contractor shall include relevant information detailing the accident, clean-up actions taken, any pollution problems and suggested measures to prevent similar accidents from happening again in future. Environmental Management Plan 213 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendix 7 ­ MONTHLY REPORT On the Implementation of Mitigation Plan Contractor: Report No#: Reporting Period: From .../.../.... To .../..../..... Issues Mitigation measures implemented/ Comments** maintained during reporting period* General Sites & Construction 1. Practice Management Health and 2. Workplace Safety Solid Waste and 3. Wastewater management Safe storage, handling, disposal of fuel/ 4. lubricants/ hazardous materials Noise and Dust 5. Control Minimizing impacts on 6. Vegetation cover and Wildlife Environmental Management Plan 214 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Issues Mitigation measures implemented/ Comments** maintained during reporting period* Erosion and 7. Sedimentation control Minimizing disturbance to community's 8. daily life activities and safety Addressing If there are complaints during reporting period, provide the information on: (i) the name of person who made the complaints; (ii) name of site representative who 9. Community received the complaints and date; (iii), the nature of the complaints; (iv) actions Complaints undertaken to address the complaints results If emergency(ies) happened during reporting period, describe the case including the Emergency time, type, scale and scope of the problems, the name of person discovered, 10. Responsiveness corrective actions undertaken and results *Referring to Contractor's Environmental, health and Safety Management Implementation plan, list all the activities the contractor implemented/maintained during the reporting period. ** Give comments on the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented and issues need to be followed up. Date: Prepared by: Environmental Management Plan 215 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Appendix 8 ­ CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION CONSULTANT'S ENVIRONMENTAL REPSONSIBILITIES INTRODUCTION The construction supervisor will be responsible for day-to-day monitoring and supervision of contractor's environmental performance to ensure EMP compliance and prepare necessary reports. He will also carry out environmental monitoring with methodology, location and frequency as indicated in particular sub-project environmental monitoring plans. [sub-project environmental monitoring is attached to the construction supervisor's TOR] Contractor's environmental compliance and construction's supervisor's findings and recommendations made during environmental monitoring will be reported as part of progress report. Environmental Management Plan 216 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP APPENDIX 9 ­ GUIDANCE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TRUNG SON'S SMALL HEALTHCARE FACILITIES This section sets health waste management guidelines for all small healthcare facilities (i.e. facilities with less than about 50 beds, immunization posts, reproductive health posts, and so on) that will be supported under the Trung Son Hydroelectric project. The steps outlined below are basic elements of good HCW management at small healthcare facilities and should be reviewed carefully by healthcare facility managers and project teams involved in the design, construction and operation of Trung Son health facilities including the main contractor's health center. Health waste management plans will be presented to PMB for approval. HCW Assessment Checklist for a Small Healthcare Facility General Facility Information Number of employees in facility: Number of beds, occupancy rate: What are medical and supporting departments? Non-medical supporting departments (kitchen, laundry, general store etc): Handling of HCW Quantity of HCW generated daily by each department/ward/lab: Quantity of special waste: General composition of waste: How and where is facility's HCW stored before collection? Does any formal or informal separation of waste take place? For example, are syringes kept separately for resale? (not acceptable practice if so); are x-ray films collected for extraction of silver? Environmental Management Plan 217 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP HCW Assessment Checklist for a Small Healthcare Facility Does establishment generate any wastes of special concern e.g., radioactive, cytotoxic, pathological, reagents, outdated pharmaceuticals?; How is their disposal handled? How is liquid waste handled? Specify for cytotoxics, reagents and used x-ray film processing liquids Treatment and Collection of HCW What treatment is given to waste before disposal? How efficient are treatments and how are residuals handled? Is healthcare waste disposed of at healthcare facility or off-site? How is waste transported off-site?; How is waste packaged?; What types of vehicles are used to transport waste? Is any waste taken to a dump or landfill site? If so, what happens to the waste at this facility?; Is it buried immediately on arrival at dump/landfill? Is there open access to the landfill/dump? HCW Management and Regulations Who is responsible for HCW management at the healthcare facility? What are current operational standards for HCW and what are the applicable national, regional, and local policies? Is procurement of new healthcare materials reviewed to reduce the waste streams and to avoid potential treatment problems? What are daily waste collection routines, including waste packaging? Environmental Management Plan 218 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP HCW Assessment Checklist for a Small Healthcare Facility What are transportation needs and costs? How much does HCW management cost the facility? Does budget provision cover these costs? Does management of the healthcare facility have concerns about the facility's current HCW practices? If so, what are they? Does the above assessment indicate the facility's current waste management practices pose any health risks to healthcare workers, visitors? If so, what kinds of risks? Does waste pose any risk to waste collectors? If so, what kind? What are the risks for spillage of waste or for scavenging along the transportation route? Does the waste disposal system pose any risk to waste-pickers of resold/recycled waste? If yes, what kind? Develop and implement a healthcare waste management plan Every healthcare facility will develop a waste management plan that includes daily routines for collection, handling, segregation, and packaging of the different categories of waste. Facility managers should ensure that this plan is in place, with adequate budget and personnel to implement it. Implementation of the healthcare waste management plan and routine monitoring should be carried out in parallel with the information/training program described below. · Raise awareness at the management level and develop an integrated waste management plan · Ensure segregation of special HCW from other waste generated at the establishment · Determine the most appropriate treatment and disposal site for the facility's waste · Train healthcare workers in proper HCW procedures Environmental Management Plan 219 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP Attachment - Definition of health-care waste Health-care waste includes all the waste generated by health-care establishments, research facilities, and laboratories. In addition, it includes the waste originating from "minor" or "scattered" sources such as that produced in the course of health care undertaken in the home (dialysis, insulin injections, etc.). Between 75% and 90% of the waste produced by health-care providers is non-risk or "general" health-care waste, comparable to domestic waste. The remaining 10 - 25% of healthcare waste is regarded as hazardous and may create a variety of health risks. Classification of hazardous health-care waste is summarized in the table below: Waste category Description and examples Infectious waste is suspected to contain pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi) in sufficient concentration or quantity to cause disease in susceptible hosts. · cultures and stocks of infectious agents from laboratory work; · waste from surgery and autopsies on patients with infectious diseases (e.g. tissues, and materials or equipment that have been in Infectious waste contact with blood or other body fluids); · waste from infected patients in isolation wards (e.g. excreta, dressings from infected or surgical wounds, clothes heavily soiled with human blood or other body fluids); · waste that has been in contact with infected patients undergoing haemodialysis (e.g. dialysis equipment such as tubing and filters, · disposable towels, gowns, aprons, gloves, and laboratory coats); · infected animals from laboratories; · any other instruments or materials that have been in contact with infected persons or animals. Human tissues or fluids Pathological waste e.g. body parts; blood and other body fluids; fetuses Sharps Sharp waste e.g. needles; infusion sets; scalpels; knives; blades; broken glass Waste containing pharmaceuticals Pharmaceutical waste e.g. pharmaceuticals that are expired or no longer needed; items contaminated by or containing pharmaceuticals (bottles, boxes) Waste containing substances with genotoxic properties Genotoxic waste e.g. waste containing cytostatic drugs (often used in cancer therapy); genotoxic chemicals Chemical waste Waste containing chemical substances Environmental Management Plan 220 Trung Son Hydropower Project EMP e.g. laboratory reagents; film developer; disinfectants that are expired or no longer needed; solvents Wastes with high Batteries; broken thermometers; blood-pressure gauges; etc. content of heavy metals Pressurized Gas cylinders; gas cartridges; aerosol cans containers Waste containing radioactive substances e.g. unused liquids from radiotherapy or laboratory research; Radioactive waste contaminated glassware, packages, or absorbent paper; urine and excreta from patients treated or tested with unsealed radionuclides; sealed sources Environmental Management Plan 221