Kerala Social Inclusion Some groups in Kerala have made more progress than others. The Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in particular stand out for higher levels of poverty. They also lag behind in schooling and access to salaried jobs. Moreover, while very few households in Kerala practice open defecation, this practice continues among most Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste households. These groups also have lower access to drinking water than others in the state. There is higher poverty among the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Kerala Population below poverty line, (%) 60 Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) 54 Pace of poverty All India Kerala reduction 50 Scheduled Tribe 9 2 Scheduled Caste 19 9 40 39 -4% per year Other Backward Caste 43 63 31 General 29 26 30 -9% per 21 year 20 -14% 16 per 10 year 10 7 6 -8% per year 0 2005 2012 ■ Scheduled Tribe ■ Scheduled Caste ■ Other Backward Caste ■ General Poverty among the Scheduled Castes in Kerala is lower than in many other states SC population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 60 51 50 47 44 41 40 40 40 39 33 33 30 29 29 24 21 20 19 19 19 19 20 18 18 16 16 16 16 15 15 13 10 10 0 0 0 BH CG MN UP JH MP OD KA GA AI AS HR WB MH DL TN RJ JK GJ SK KL HP NL PJ UK AR AP TR MG MZ Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. 1 June 20, 2017 Kerala Social Inclusion Stark contrast in schooling by social group in Kerala Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) Scheduled Tribe 33 21 18 28 Scheduled Caste 13 24 31 32 Other Backward Caste 6 23 32 39 General 3 16 24 57 0 20 40 60 80 100 ■ Illiterate ■ Literate or primary school completed ■ Middle school completed ■ Secondary school or higher completed More casual wage jobs for the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Kerala Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe Scheduled Caste 16 18 16 61 20 67 ■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried Other Backward Caste General ■ Self-employed 25 41 38 46 29 21 2 June 20, 2017 Kerala Social Inclusion Some households belonging to the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Kerala practice open defecation Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100 80 69 59 60 48 44 40 21 20 14 8 2 1 1 0 All Scheduled Scheduled Other General Tribe Caste Backward Caste ■ Kerala ■ All India Lower access to drinking water for the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Kerala Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100 86 80 76 76 69 60 56 58 53 44 40 34 27 20 0 All Scheduled Scheduled Other General Tribe Caste Backward Caste ■ Kerala ■ All India 3 June 20, 2017