34397 The world by region Classified according to Low- and middle-income economies World Bank analytical East Asia and Pacific Middle East and North Africa High-income economies grouping Europe and Central Asia South Asia OECD Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa Other No data 6 5 1 · Halve, between 1990 and · Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people 2015, the proportion of people living on less than $1 a day who suffer from hunger GOAL Reducing poverty and hunger REGNUHDANYRTVEOP Poverty exists everywhere, but it is most But hundreds of millions of people cruel and debilitating in developing coun- will still be trapped in poverty, especial- tries, where more than one person in ly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia five subsists on less than $1 day. There and wherever poor health and lack of has been progress. Since 1990 extreme education deprive people of productive poverty in developing countries has employment; environmental resources fallen from 28 percent to 21 percent. have been depleted or spoiled; and cor- Over the same time population grew 15 ruption, conflict, and misgovernance percent to 5 billion people, leaving 1.1 waste public resources and discourage billion people in extreme poverty. If eco- private investment. Even as the first nomic growth rates in developing coun- target of the Millennium Development tries are sustained, global poverty will Goals appears in sight, the effort to fall to 10 percent--a striking success. eliminate poverty must be renewed. Poverty rates are falling, but progress has been uneven Share of people living on less than $1 or $2 a day (%) Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia While accelerating growth in India has put South Asia on track to meet the goal, Sub- Saharan Africa lags behind. In some countries poverty rates exceed 70 percent. East Asia & Pacific Latin America & Caribbean East Asia has experienced a sustained period of economic growth, led by China, while Latin America and the Caribbean has stagnated, with little poverty reduction. Europe & Central Asia MIddle East & North Africa The transition economies of Europe and Central Asia saw poverty rates rise in the 1990s and then fall. There and in the Middle East and North Africa consumption of $2 a day may be a more realistic limit of extreme poverty. Source: World Bank staff estimates. 2 2005 World Development Indicators 2 Millennium Development Goals, targets, and indicators Goals, targets, and indicators Goals and targets from the Millennium Declaration Indicators for monitoring progress Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of 1 Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) a daya people whose income is less than $1 a day 1a Poverty headcount ratio (percentage of population below the national poverty line) 2 Poverty gap ratio [incidence x depth of poverty] 3 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption Target 2 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of 4 Prevalence of underweight children under five years people who suffer from hunger of age 5 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education Target 3 Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and 6 Net enrollment ratio in primary education girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of 7 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5b primary schooling 8 Literacy rate of 15- to 24-year-olds Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Target 4 Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary 9 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary, and education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of tertiary education education no later than 2015 10 Ratio of literate women to men ages 15­24 11 Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector 12 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments Goal 4 Reduce child mortality Target 5 Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, 13 Under-five mortality rate the under-five mortality rate 14 Infant mortality rate 15 Proportion of one-year-old children immunized against measles Goal 5 Improve maternal health Target 6 Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, 16 Maternal mortality ratio the maternal mortality ratio 17 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Target 7 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread 18 HIV prevalence among pregnant women ages 15­24 of HIV/AIDS 19 Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence ratec 19a Condom use at last high-risk sex 19b Percentage of 15- to 24-year-olds with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDSd 19c Contraceptive prevalence rate 20 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of nonorphans ages 10­14 Target 8 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the 21 Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria incidence of malaria and other major diseases 22 Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria prevention and treatment measurese 23 Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis 24 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Target 9 Integrate the principles of sustainable development 25 Proportion of land area covered by forest into country policies and programs and reverse the 26 Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to loss of environmental resources surface area 27 Energy use (kilograms of oil equivalent) per $1 GDP (PPP) 28 Carbon dioxide emissions per capita and consumption of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (ODP tons) 29 Proportion of population using solid fuels Target 10 Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without 30 Proportion of population with sustainable access sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic to an improved water source, urban and rural sanitation 31 Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation, urban and rural 20 2005 World Development Indicators Goals and targets from the Millennium Declaration Indicators for monitoring progress Target 11 By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement 32 Proportion of households with access to secure tenure in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development Target 12 Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, Some of the indicators listed below are monitored nondiscriminatory trading and financial system separately for the least developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked countries and small island developing states. Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction--both nationally Official development assistance (ODA) and internationally 33 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as a percentage of OECD/DAC donors' gross national income 34 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of Target 13 Address the special needs of the least developed OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic countries education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) Includes tariff and quota free access for the least 35 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance developed countries' exports; enhanced programme of OECD/DAC donors that is untied of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries 36 ODA received in landlocked countries as a proportion (HIPC) and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and of their gross national incomes more generous ODA for countries committed to 37 ODA received in small island developing states as poverty reduction proportion of their gross national incomes Market access 38 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value Target 14 Address the special needs of landlocked countries and excluding arms) from developing countries and from and small island developing states (through the the least developed countries, admitted free of duty Programme of Action for the Sustainable 39 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on Development of Small Island Developing States agricultural products and textiles and clothing from and the outcome of the 22nd special session of the developing countries General Assembly) 40 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product 41 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity Target 15 Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of Debt sustainability developing countries through national and 42 Total number of countries that have reached their international measures in order to make debt HIPC decision points and number that have reached sustainable in the long term their HIPC completion points (cumulative) 43 Debt relief committed under HIPC Debt Initiative 44 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services Target 16 In cooperation with developing countries, develop 45 Unemployment rate of 15- to 24-year-olds, male and and implement strategies for decent and productive female and totalf work for youth Target 17 In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, 46 Proportion of population with access to affordable provide access to affordable essential drugs in essential drugs on a sustainable basis developing countries Target 18 In cooperation with the private sector, make 47 Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100 people available the benefits of new technologies, especially 48a Personal computers in use per 100 people information and communications 48b Internet users per 100 people Note: Goals, targets, and indicators effective September 8, 2003. a. For monitoring country poverty trends, indicators based on national poverty lines should be used, where available. b. An alternative indicator under development is "primary completion rate." c. Among contraceptive methods, only condoms are effective in preventing HIV transmission. Since the condom use rate is only measured among women in union, it is supplemented by an indicator on condom use in high-risk situations (indicator 19a) and an indicator on HIV/AIDS knowledge (indicator 19b). Indicator 19c (contraceptive prevalence rate) is also useful in track- ing progress in other health, gender, and poverty goals. d. This indicator is defined as the percentage of 15- to 24-year-olds who correctly identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV (using condoms and limiting sex to one faithful, uninfected partner), who reject the two most common local misconceptions about HIV transmission, and who know that a healthy-looking person can transmit HIV. However, since there are currently not a sufficient number of surveys to be able to calculate the indicator as defined above, UNICEF, in collaboration with UNAIDS and WHO, produced two proxy indicators that represent two components of the actual indicator. They are the percentage of women and men ages 15­24 who know that a person can protect herself from HIV infection by "consistent use of condom," and the percentage of women and men ages 15­24 who know a healthy-looking person can transmit HIV. e. Prevention to be measured by the percentage of children under age five sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets; treatment to be measured by percentage of children under age five who are appropriately treated. f. An improved measure of the target for future years is under development by the International Labour Organization. 2005 World Development Indicators 21 30 5 9 9 w w ($ millions) The world by income Low ($765 or less) Classified according to Lower middle ($766­$3,035) World Bank estimates of 2003 GNI per capita Upper middle ($3,036­$9,385) High ($9,386 or more) No data Designed, edited, and produced by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C., with Grundy & Northedge, London The World Bank Telephone: 202 473 1000 1818 H Street N. W. Fax: 202 477 6391 Washington. D.C. Web site: www.worldbank.org 20433 USA Email: feedback@worldbank.org