SFG3779 V3 REV THANH HOA PROVINCIAL PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE NGHI SON ECONOMIC ZONE AND THANH HOA INDUSTRIAL PARKS CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT ********************* DYNAMIC CITIES INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT TINH GIA SUBPROJECT – THANH HOA PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) Final Report THANH HOA – March 2018 THANH HOA PROVINCIAL PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE NGHI SON ECONOMIC ZONE AND THANH HOA INDUSTRIAL PARKS CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT ********************** DYNAMIC CITIES INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT TINH GIA SUBPROJECT – THANH HOA PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) PROJECT OWNER CONSULTING UNIT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT FOR Joint Venture between VINCEN (Vietnam NGHI SON EZ AND THANH HOA Construction and Environment., Jsc) and INDUSTRIAL ZONE HA THANH (Ha Thanh Land and Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd) THANH HOA – March 2018 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................................viii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1. Project Background ....................................................................................................... 1 2. Related Projects and Development Plans .................................................................... 2 3. Legal Framework ........................................................................................................... 3 3.1. National Regulations and Technical Basics.................................................................... 3 3.2. Applicable Vietnam’s Technical Standards and Regulations ......................................... 5 3.3. World Bank’s Environmental and Social safeguard policies ......................................... 6 4. ESIA Implementation Arrangements .......................................................................... 8 5. ESIA Methodology ......................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 - PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS....................................................................... 11 1.1 General Information .................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Subproject’s Objectives ............................................................................................... 11 1.3 SubProject Area ........................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Scope of Investments .................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Construction Methods ................................................................................................. 19 1.5.1 Road and Bridge ........................................................................................................... 19 1.5.2 Dredging, Embankment Lining for Than Canal and Cau Trang Canal ........................ 19 1.6 Labour, Machieryand Equipment for Construction ................................................ 20 1.7 Materials Demand and Waste ..................................................................................... 20 1.7.1 Excavation, Backfill Volume and Main Construction Material ................................... 20 1.7.2 Material Source and Disposal Site ................................................................................ 21 1.8 Implementation Schedule ............................................................................................ 24 1.9 Budget ........................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE………………25 2.1 Natural Conditions....................................................................................................... 25 2.1.1 Geography..................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.2 Topography ................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.3 Meteorology.................................................................................................................. 26 2.1.4 Hydrology ..................................................................................................................... 26 2.1.5 Hydrogeology ............................................................................................................... 27 2.1.6 Geotechnology .............................................................................................................. 27 2.2 Envronmental Quality ................................................................................................. 29 2.2.1 Air Quality, Noise and Vibration.................................................................................. 29 2.2.2 Surface Water Quality .................................................................................................. 32 2.2.3 Groundwater Quality .................................................................................................... 34 2.2.4 Wastewater Quality ...................................................................................................... 35 2.2.5 Soil and Sediment Quality ............................................................................................ 36 2.3 Biological Resources .................................................................................................... 38 Final Report ii Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.3.1 Terrestrial Biological Resources ................................................................................... 38 2.3.2 Aquatic Biological Resources....................................................................................... 38 2.4 Socio-Economic Conditions........................................................................................ 40 2.4.1 Land Use ....................................................................................................................... 40 2.4.2 Labor and Employment ................................................................................................ 40 2.4.3 Economic Structure and Income ................................................................................... 41 2.4.4 Housing Condition ........................................................................................................ 42 2.4.5 Healthcare ..................................................................................................................... 43 2.4.6 Cultural and Sport ......................................................................................................... 43 2.4.7 Education and Training................................................................................................. 43 2.4.8 Trade, Service and Tourism .......................................................................................... 44 2.4.9 Transport ....................................................................................................................... 44 2.4.10 Water Supply ................................................................................................................ 45 2.4.11 Drainage........................................................................................................................ 45 2.4.12 Environmental Sanitation ............................................................................................. 47 2.5 Site-Specific Baseline Conditions............................................................................... 47 2.5.1 Coastal Road from Ninh Hai Beach to Lach Bang 2 Bridge ........................................ 47 2.5.2 Binh Minh Road to Sao Vang Road – Nghi Son Economic Zone ................................ 50 2.5.3 Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads .............................................................................. 51 2.5.4 The Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach ................................................................... 52 2.5.5 The Than Canal............................................................................................................. 53 2.2.6 Cau Trang Canal ........................................................................................................... 54 2.2.7 Wastewater Treatment Plant ......................................................................................... 55 2.2.8 Resettlement Sites ........................................................................................................ 56 2.2.9 Borrow Pits and Quarries.............................................................................................. 57 2.2.10 Disposal Sites................................................................................................................ 57 CHAPTER 3 -ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................... 59 3.1 Positive Impacts............................................................................................................ 60 3.2 Classification of Negative impacts and Risks ............................................................ 61 3.3 Potential negative Impacts & risks during Pre-Construction ................................. 64 3.3.1 Land Acquisition .......................................................................................................... 64 3.3.2 Affected Buildings/Structures....................................................................................... 66 3.3.3 Affected Graves ............................................................................................................ 67 3.3.4 Impacts on Trees and Crops ......................................................................................... 67 3.3.5 Impact on Business ....................................................................................................... 67 3.3.6 Temporary Land Acquisition ........................................................................................ 68 3.3.7 Safety Risks due to Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) ...................................................... 68 3.4 Potential Adverse Impacts during Construction....................................................... 68 3.4.1 Common Construction Impacts .................................................................................... 68 3.4.2 Site-specific Impacts and Ríks .................................................................................... 107 3.4.3 Potential Negative Impacts and Risks during Operation ............................................ 129 3.5 Induced Impacts ......................................................................................................... 135 CHAPTER 4 - ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................... 137 4.1 “Without Project” Scenario ...................................................................................... 137 4.2 “With Project” Scenarios .......................................................................................... 137 4.2.1 Analysis on Proposed Options .................................................................................... 138 4.2.3 Dredging and Lining Embankment for Than Canal ................................................... 140 4.2.4 Wastewater Collection and Treatment System ........................................................... 141 CHAPTER 5- ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................... 145 5.1 Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................. 145 Final Report iii Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 5.1.1 Measures Incorporated into Feasibility Study and Detailed Design ........................... 145 5.1.2 Measures to be Implemented in Pre-construction Phase ............................................ 147 5.1.3 Measures to be Implemented During Construction Phase .......................................... 148 5.1.4 Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP).................................................................. 149 5.1.5 Specific Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................... 168 5.1.6 Site- Specific Mitigation Measures along the Coastal road ........................................ 174 5.1.7 Measures to be Implemented in Operation Phase ....................................................... 212 5.2 Roles and Responsibilities fir ESMP Implementation............................................ 213 5.2.1 Institutional Arrangements ......................................................................................... 213 5.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities .......................................................................................... 213 5.3 Environmental Compliance Framework ................................................................. 215 5.3.1 Environmental Duties of the Tinh Gia PMU/Detail Design Consultants ................... 215 5.3.2 Environmental Duties of the Contractors ................................................................... 215 5.3.3 Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.3.4 Contractor’s Site Environment Officer (SEO) ............................................................ 218 5.3.5 Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) ..................................... 218 5.3.6 Environmental Supervision during Construction ....................................................... 218 5.3.7 Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements ............................................. 219 5.3.8 Penalty System............................................................................................................ 219 5.3.9 Reporting Arrangements ............................................................................................. 219 5.4 Environmental Monitoring Program ....................................................................... 220 5.4.1 Scope of Environmental Monitoring in Construction Phase ...................................... 220 5.4.2 Scope of Environmental Monitoring in Operation phase ........................................... 221 5.5 Training and Capacity Building ............................................................................... 222 5.5.1 Current PMU’s Capacity on Environmental Management ......................................... 222 5.5.2 Safeguard Capacity Building Program ....................................................................... 223 5.6 Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation ........................................................... 224 5.6.1 Estimated Costs for Each Work of Environmental Protection Measures ................... 224 5.6.2 Estimated Costs for Environmental Monitoring Program .......................................... 225 5.6.3 Estimated cost for IEMC ............................................................................................ 226 5.6.4 Estimated Costs for Training Program ....................................................................... 226 5.6.5 Total Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation ...................................................... 227 5.7 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ................................................................... 228 CHAPTER 6 – PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE.. 231 6.1 Objectives and Principles of Public Consultations ................................................. 231 6.1.1 Objectives of Public Consultation .............................................................................. 231 6.1.2 Basic principle for public consultation ....................................................................... 231 6.2 Public consultation with Local Communities .......................................................... 232 6.3 Consultation with Local Authorities ........................................................................ 232 6.4 Public Consultation Results ...................................................................................... 232 6.4.1 Results of Consultation with Communities ................................................................ 233 6.4.2 Results of Consultation with Commune/township People’s Committee .................... 237 6.5 Information Disclosure .............................................................................................. 239 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 240 ANNEX 1. DUE DILIGENT REVIEWS............................................................................ 241 ANNEX 2- DCIDP TINH GIA DREDGED MATERIALS AND DREDGING MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................................................................................... 251 Final Report iv Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ANNEX 3. MAPS FOR LOCATION OF ENVRONMENTAL SAMPLING ................ 260 ANNEX 4. MAPS FOR LOCATION OF ENVRONMENTAL MONITORING .......... 262 Final Report v Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1. Detailed Description of Work Items .................................................................................... 14 Table 1.2. List of Main Machinery and Equipment for Basic Construction and Labour ...................... 20 Table 1.3. Volume of Materials ............................................................................................................ 20 Table 1.4. Volume of Demolition, Dredged Material and Excavation Activities ................................. 21 Table 1.5. Locations of Disposal Sites .................................................................................................. 22 Table 1.6 Project Implementation Schedule.......................................................................................... 24 Table 2.1. Quantity Samples and Monitoring Parameters..................................................................... 29 Table 2.2. Air Quality, Noise and Vibration ......................................................................................... 30 Table 2.3. Surface Water Quality .......................................................................................................... 32 Table 2.4. Groundwater Quality............................................................................................................ 34 Table 2.5. Wastewater Quality .............................................................................................................. 35 Table 2.6. Soil Quality .......................................................................................................................... 36 Table 2.7. Sediment Quality .................................................................................................................. 37 Table 2.8. Phytoplankton and Zoobenthic at Lach Bang River Estuary ............................................... 39 Table 2.9. Zooplankton at Lach Bang River Estuary ............................................................................ 39 Table 2.10. Land Use in Tinh Gia District ............................................................................................ 40 Table 2.11. Household and Poverty Rate .............................................................................................. 41 Table 2.12. Economic Condition of Thanh Hoa Province and Tinh Gia District ................................. 41 Table 2.13. Tinh Gia District’s Annual Income Per Capita .................................................................. 42 Table 2.14. Site-Specific Conditions Along the Coastal Road ............................................................. 47 Table 2.15. Site-Specific Conditions along Binh Minh Road to Sao Vang Road ................................ 51 Table 2.16. Existing Lan Use Along Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads ........................................... 52 Table 2.17. Site-Specific Conditions along NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach Road ....................................... 52 Table 2.18. Existing Lan Use along Than Canal ................................................................................... 53 Table 2.19. Existing Lan Use along Cau Trang Canal .......................................................................... 54 Table 2.20. Existing Lan Use at the Wastewater Treatment Plant ....................................................... 55 Table 2.21. Existing Lan Use at the Resettlement Sites ....................................................................... 56 Table 2.22. Current Status of some Existing Quarries .......................................................................... 57 Table 2.23. Existing Conditions at Disposal Sites ................................................................................ 57 Table 3.1. Level of Negative Impacts of Tinh Gia Subproject ............................................................. 62 Table 3.2. Scope of Affected Land by Tinh Gia Subproject ................................................................. 64 Table 3.3. Classification of affected households ................................................................................... 65 Table 3.4. Affected Buildings/Structures .............................................................................................. 66 Table 3.5. Impact on Trees and Crops .................................................................................................. 67 Table 3.6: Temporarily Acquire Land................................................................................................... 68 Table 3.7. Sources and Scale of Impacts in Construction Phase ........................................................... 69 Table 3.8. Forecasts on Dust from Demolition ..................................................................................... 72 Table 3.9. Estimation of dust emission from the excavation and backfilling ....................................... 73 Table 3.10. Number of Truck Passages in Constructing Items ............................................................. 74 Table 3.11. Dust Emission Concentration from Transportation of Demolition Wastes........................ 75 Table 3.12. Dust Emission from Transportation of Materials and Wastes ........................................... 75 Table 3.13. Dust Sensitive Receptors.................................................................................................... 76 Table 3.14. Dust Emission Concentration due to Loading and Unloading ........................................... 77 Table 3.15. Emission Coefficient of All Air Pollutant Substance from Trucks ................................... 79 Table 3.16. Exhaust Emission From Vehicles ...................................................................................... 79 Table 3.17. DO Fuel Demand for Construction Machines and Equipments ......................................... 80 Table 3.18. Emission Coefficient and Emission Load due to DO Combustion Engines ...................... 80 Table 3.19. Sensitive Receptors Affected by Dust during Construction Phase .................................... 81 Table 3.20. Noise level by the distance of machine of work items ....................................................... 84 Table 3.21. Sensitive receptors affected by Noise ................................................................................ 86 Table 3.22. Vibration Level of Typical Equipment Within 10m Distance ........................................... 87 Table 3.23. Vibration by Distance During Construction of Do Be Bridge ........................................... 87 Final Report vi Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table 3.24. Flow of rainwater runoff during construction .................................................................... 88 Table 3.25. Wastewater generated from Workers’ Camps ................................................................... 90 Table 3.26. Load of Pollutants in Domestic Wastewater ...................................................................... 90 Table 3.27. Domestic Wastewater Quality............................................................................................ 90 Table 3.28. Volume of construction solid waste during construction phase ......................................... 92 Table 3.29. Domestic Solid Waste Generated....................................................................................... 93 Table 3.30. Estimated height of the Dumps .......................................................................................... 98 Table 3.31. Physical Cultural Resources affected by Construction Impact ........................................ 102 Table 3.32. Emission Level of Blasting .............................................................................................. 105 Table 3.33: Safe Distance.................................................................................................................... 106 Table 3.34. Calculation of Safety Radius Corresponding to Vibration of Blasting Scale .................. 106 Table 3.35. Site-Specific Impacts at the Coastal Road ....................................................................... 107 Table 3.36. Site-Specific Impacts Along Binh Minh Road ................................................................ 113 Table 3.37. Site-Specific Impacts at Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads .......................................... 114 Table 3.38. Site-Specific Impacts along the Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach ........................... 116 Table 3.39. Site-Specific Impacts AlongThan Canal .......................................................................... 118 Table 3.40. Site-Specific Impacts along Cau Trang Canal ................................................................. 121 Table 3.41. Site-Specific Impacts and Sensitive Receptors at The WWTP ........................................ 123 Table 3.42. Site-Specific Impacts at the Resettlement Sites ............................................................... 125 Table 3.43. Site-Specific Impacts at the Disposal Sites ...................................................................... 127 Table 3.44. Concentrations of Some Typical Pollutants ..................................................................... 131 Table 3.45. Receivable Maximum Pollutant Load by Than canal ...................................................... 131 Table 3.46: Load of Pollutants in Than Canal..................................................................................... 132 Table 3.47: Load of Pollutants Discharged from WWTP into Than Canal ........................................ 132 Table 3.48: Receiving Capacity of Than Canal .................................................................................. 132 Table 3.49. Odorous Compounds from Anaerobic Decomposition of Wastewater ............................ 133 Table 3.50. Contents of Bacteria Dispersed from WWTP .................................................................. 133 Table 3.51. The Volume of Domestic Wastewater for RSs ................................................................ 134 Table 3.52. The volume of domestic wastewater for RSs ................................................................... 135 Table 4.1. Comparing and Selecting Option for The Coastal Road .................................................... 138 Table 4.2. Comparing and Selecting Option for Upgrading Do Be Bridge ........................................ 139 Table 4.3. Comparing and Selecting Option for Than Canal Embankment ........................................ 140 Table 4.4. Comparing and Selecting Option for Wastewater Collection System ............................... 142 Table 4.5. Comparing and Selecting Wastewater Treatment Technology .......................................... 143 Table 5.1. Cost Estimate for RP Implementation of Tinh Gia Subproject .......................................... 148 Table 5.2. Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOPs) ...................................................................... 151 Table 5.3. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along The Coastal Road .............................................. 175 Table 5.4. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along the Road Binh Minh to Sao Vang ..................... 187 Table 5.5. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads .................. 190 Table 5.6. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach ................................. 192 Table 5.7. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along Than Canal ........................................................ 194 Table 5.8. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along Cau Trang Canal................................................ 198 Table 5.9. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along The Sewers, PSs, WWTP .................................. 201 Table 5.10. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along The RSs ........................................................... 205 Table 5.11. Site-specific Mitigation Measures at the Disposal Sites .................................................. 207 Table 5.12. Annotation on Roles and Responsibilities ....................................................................... 213 Table 5.13. Regular Reporting Requirements ..................................................................................... 220 Table 5.14. Environmental Monitoring Program - Construction Phase .............................................. 220 Table 5.15. Environmental monitoring Program operation phase ...................................................... 222 Table 5.16. Advanced Training Program on Environmental Monitoring Management Capacity ...... 223 Table 5.17.Costs for Environmental Protection Measures .................................................................. 224 Table 5.18. Estimated Cost for Samples and Analysis........................................................................ 225 Table 5.19. Estimated Costs of IEMC................................................................................................. 226 Table 5.20. Estimated Costs for Training and Capacity Building....................................................... 227 Table 5.21. Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation ...................................................................... 228 Final Report vii Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table 5.22. Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................................................ 229 Table 6.1. The Results of Consultation with the Communities........................................................... 233 Table 6.2. The Results of Additional Consultation with Communities .............................................. 236 Table 6.3. Results of Consultation with Commune/township People’s Committee ........................... 238 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Locations of Tinh Gia Subproject’s Work Items ................................................................ 12 Figure 2.1: Tinh Gia’s Location and Planning ...................................................................................... 25 Figure 2.2: Rivers and Canals in Project Area ...................................................................................... 27 Figure 2.3: Occupational Structure of Affected Households ................................................................ 42 Figure 2.4: Transport System in the Project Area ................................................................................. 44 Figure 2.5: Drainage basin in central area of Tinh Gia district ............................................................. 46 Figure 3.1: Proposed Activities of Tinh Gia Sub-project ...................................................................... 59 Figure 3.2: Locations of The Main Transportation Routes for Material and Wastes ........................... 76 Figure 3.3: Impacts of Odors Generated During Dredging and Excavation ......................................... 82 Figure 3.4: Residential houses along Cau Trang canal inareas Cong township ................................... 83 Figure 3.5: Location for rehabilitation of salinity control gate on Than canal ...................................... 95 Figure 3.6: Locations of sensitive receptors along the coastal road .................................................... 107 Figure 3.7: Sensitive Receptors along Binh Minh road ...................................................................... 112 Figure 3.8: Locations of Sensitive Receptors Along Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads ................ 114 Figure 3.9: Sensitive Receptors Along the Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach ............................. 116 Figure 3.10: Sensitive Receptors along Than Canal ........................................................................... 118 Figure 3.11: Sensitive Receptors Along Cau Trang Canal.................................................................. 120 Figure 3.12: Sensitive Receptors Along Sewer, PSs, WWTP............................................................ 122 Figure 3.13: Map of Land Use Master Plan ........................................................................................ 136 Figure 5.1: Design Inter-sections between the Coastal Road and the Current Roads ......................... 145 Figure 5.2: Design Inter-sections between the Binh Minh to Sao Vang Road and the Current Roads 146 Figure 5.3: Design Inter-sections between the Approach Road to Do Be Bridge and the Current Roads ............................................................................................................................................................. 146 Figure 5.4: Design Inter-sections between the Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach and the Current Roads ................................................................................................................................................... 146 Figure 5.5: Organization diagram for ESMP Implementation ............................................................ 213 Final Report viii Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Ahs Affected Households CC Climate change AC Asphalt concrete CeC Cement concrete CMC Construction monitoring consultant DED Detailed engineering design DOC Department of Construction DOF Department of Finance DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transport DPI Department of Planning and Investment EIA Environmental impact assessment ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment ECOP Environmental Code of Practice EMC External Monitoring Consultant EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental monitoring system FS Feasibility study IEMC Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant MOC Ministry of Construction ODA Ministry of Construction PMU/BQLDA People’s Committee PSC Project Steering Committee P/CPC Provincial/City People’s Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RP Resettlement Plan UBND People’s Committee URENCO Urban Environment Company WB World Bank Final Report ix Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Background and Proposals. The Dynamic City Integrated Development Project (DCIDP) has been proposed to “increase access to improve urban technical infrastructure and capacity building for urban planning and management in the cities of the Project” which is in line with the Vietnam Masterplan for Urban Development (approved by the Prime Minister in 2009). The DCIDP covers five cities and towns including Tinh Gia Town (Thanh Hoa province), Hai Duong, Ky Anh, Thai Nguyen and Yen Bai. The Tinh Gia subproject is comprised of two components, including: Component 1: Construction of Technical Infrastructure and Roads. Under this Component, construction and rehabilitation of the following infrastructure has been proposed: (i) Construction of a new asphalt concrete road from Ninh Hai to Lach Bang 2 Bridge along the coastal line. The length is L = 9.8 km, B = 27 to 36 m, design speech is at 60 km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel is included. There is one bridge named Son Hai bridge on this road, L = 50.15m, B = 29m. (ii) Construction of new asphalt concrete road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang road; L = 2.1 km, B = 26.5 m. Design speed V = 60km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel is included. (iii) Demolition of the existing Do Be bridge and rebuild a new Do Be bridge (L = 70m, B = 20m) at the same location, improving the existing 490 m of Do Bo access roads at two ends of the bridge; (iv) Construction of the new road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach; L = 815m, B = 27 m, Design speed V = 60km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel is included. (v) Dredging and embankment lining of the Cau Trang canal, L = 5.7km, B = 3 to 9 m; (vi) Dredging and embankment lining of the Than canal, L = 5km, B = 25.5 m (vii) Construction of the wastewater collection and treatment system, including a wastewater treatment plant capacity 2,000 m3/d using biological technology, and a sewer system; (viii) Construction of infrastructure for 5 small resettlement sites with total land area of 4.5 ha with 138 land slots (80-150 m2 each). The proposed works include ground levelling, construction of internal roads, drainage, water supply, power supply and lighting system. Component 2: Technical Assistance and Implementation Support An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESIA/ESMP, this document) has been prepared to meet the requirements of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies. Public consultations were carried out during the preparation of the draft ESIA. The Project will also comply with applicable Vietnamese environmental legislations. The draft ESIA/ESMP has been disclosed locally in Project area at the end of November 2017 and on the Bank website on 28 November 2017. The main contents of the ESIA/ESMP includes: Chapter 1: Project Description Chapter 2: Socio-economic and Environmental Baseline Conditions Chapter 3: Environmental and social Impacts Assessment Chapter 4: Analysis of Alternatives Chapter 5: Environmental and Social Management Plan Final Report x Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Chapter 6: Public Consultations and Information Disclosure Conclusions and Recommendations The Tinh Gia Project is scheduled to be implemented from 2018 to 2023, with a total investment cost of approximately 79.63 million USD. Baseline Conditions. The Tinh Gia subproject area is located in the northern central region of Vietnam. Existing internal road system has been limited. Existing drainage system is incomplete, and wastewater has not been collected but being discharged into the environment without being treated. The Cau Trang canal of which the main function is drainage has been polluted by domestic wastewater. The Than canal has been the main irrigation canal of the town, the flow in the canal has been control with a sluice to prevent saline water from the sea from entering the canal. Sampling result shows that salinity in the sediment taken from the Than canal is about 5%o, which is slightly above tolerance range of some agricultural crop trees. Potential Social and Environmental Impacts and Risks. The Project has been classified as Environmental Category B by the World Bank. The social and environmental potential impacts and risks have been identified and assessed in Chapter 3 of the ESIA. Overall, the subproject would bring about significant social and environmental impacts during operation phase. The new and improved infrastructure would help to improve living condition of the local people, contribute to promote sustainable socio-economic development in the area. The new wastewater collection and treatment system, dredging and embankment lining at the Than and Cau Trang canals would help to improve urban landscape and environmental sanitation conditions in the subproject area. Accessibility within various parts of the project area and with the surrounding area would be enhanced through the three new roads and the new Do Be bridge. Beside the significant positive impacts, the ESIA assessed that there would be also some negative impacts and risks during the pre-construction, construction and operations of the infrastructure provided under the subproject. Pre-construction Impacts and Risks. In terms of land acquisition and resettlement, the Project would acquire 55.3 ha of land including approximately 45.2 ha of agricultural land and 7.5 ha of residential land and some cemetery land. Total 1,354 households (HH) will be affected by the Project, in which 225 HH will have to be relocated, 89 HH are vulnerable and 526 HH are severely affected by agricultural land acquisition; 243 graves will be relocated. As the sub- project area was subjected to civil wars in the past, there would be the risks that some UXO (unexploded materials) have been left underground in the subproject area. Construction Impacts and Risks. Most of common construction impacts would be localised, at low to moderate levels, including: increased dust, noise and vibration levels, solid waste and wastewater generation, surfacewater quality reduction, localized flooding issues, sedimentation, landslide and erosion risks, health and safety of the workers and communities, negative impacts on urban landscape, traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks, damages to existing infrastructure (power/water supply, irrigation, roads etc.) and disruptions of related services. Total 1.1 million m3 of construction solid wastes will be generated, including 350,363 m3 of materials from demolition of existing structures for site clearance, 112,110 m3 of dredged materials from Than and Cau Trang canals, and 642,919 m3 of excavated materials. The risks related to labour influx, child labor and STD transmissions related to the Project have also been considered as low under the subproject. The ESMP also have identified site-specific impacts and risks of each work item where sensitive receptors (such as kindergarten, temple, residential clusters, production forests etc.) are located, or water quality reduction related to salinity of dredged materials. Final Report xi Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Operation Impacts and Risks. The main social and environmental risks during the operation of the proposed roads and bridges are traffic safety risks on the road/bridge, particularly at the junctions between the new roads and the existing roads. In addition, the new roads may also cause localized flooding risks and reduced accessibility between the two side of the new roads, which is mostly agricultural land. With the Than and Cau Trang canal rehabilitation, traffic safety risks at the roads running along the canals and reduced green landscape would be the main concern during operation phase of canal dredging and embankment lining works, particularly along the Than canal when soft earthen low embankments become steeper hard steeper embankments. Odors, health and safety of the workers and the public would be the issues that should be considered during the operation phase of the wastewater treatment plant, including wastewater pumping stations. Mitigation Measures. To address the identified and assessed potential impacts and risks identified in Chapter 3, mitigation measures have been proposed and presented under the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) presented in Chapter 5. At Feasibility Study and Engineering stages, engineering and greening solutions were proposed for incorporation into the technical design to address some impacts during operation phase, for examples: combinations between engineering with greening solutions for slop protection at the new road shoulders and canal, design of the intersections includes measures to reduce traffic safety risks, staircases are built at intervals to maintain safe and convenience access to water surface for local communities. The WWTP has been design with adequate buffer zone and space for tree planting to reduce odour and other operational concerns etc. For pre-construction impacts and risks, a budget estimated at approximately USD 250,000 has been proposed for UXO clearance. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared to address land acquisition impacts of the subproject. An estimated budget at approximately 224 billion VND (about 9.9 million USD) for land acquisition and compensation, and for livelihood compensation program (detail see RAP). Table 1. Cost for Implementation of RAP No. Contents Cost estimate (‘000 VND) I Compensation and support 1 Coastal road from Ninh Hai – Lach Bang 2 49,990,134 2 Road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang – Nghi Son economic zone 80,895,148 3 Upgrade, rehabiliate Do Be bridge and approach roads 12,254,730 4 Construct road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach 23,645,502 5 Upgrade, rehabilitate Than canal 3,425,200 6 Upgrade, rehabilitate Cau Trang canal 36,209,752 7 Resettlement site 5,000,000 II Other costs 1 Appreciation for site handover 450,000 2 Support for housing repair and relocation 4,414,000 3 Cost for site clearance (2% of total compensation and support) 4,345,689 4 Survey of replacement cost 300,000 5 Income/live-hood restoration program 3,094,500 6 Independent monitoring 450,000 III Total 224,474,655 Final Report xii Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province The mitigation measures for common construction impacts have been proposed under the form of Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP, Table 5.2 in the main report) for incorporation into construction bidding documents. For example, the contractors are required to inform local communities at least two weeks before construction commencement. They must ensure that the trucks must be covered during transportation of construction materials, or drainage and sedimentation traps must be installed to prevent sedimentation in surfacewater sources, ground area to be disturbed must be kept minimal, site protection measures must be applied to manage safety risks for both the workers and local communities, adequate protective cloths and camp facilities must be provided for the workers to use to protect occupational health etc. In addition, site-specific mitigation measures such as installation of sheet piles at deep excavation to prevent land slide risks were also proposed, such measures were presented in the form ready for inclusion into bidding documents. The site-specific mitigation measures at sensitive-receptors are presented below: Table 2. Site-specific Mitigation Measures Sensitive Receptors Description Site-specific Impacts Mitigation Measures - Dust may affect the - Do not load materials and temple structure waste within 20 m from the - Material and wastes temple may affect - Water areas located within landscape and 100 m from the temple in The Le Van hinder access, hot, dry day temple is - Noise may disturb - Minimise materials and located at worshiping on 1st wastes loaded and activities about 50m and 15th lunar that generate noise in the 1st from month and 15th of lunar month Le Van ancestral construction - Unsuitable - Enforce compliance to the temple area. language/behaviour codes of conduct (Km 0+500) may be offensive to particularly with regards to the relic keeper and language and behaviours visitors when present in the area near the temple - Traffic safety risk - Minimise the number of This on the access road trucks leaving construction kindergarten during peak hours: sites during the peak hours is located at 7h-7h30; 11h- - Arrange staff to direct 200 m from 11h30; 13h-13h30; traffic on this section on construction 16h30 - 17h30 peak hours during peak site. construction period Km 1+150: Ninh HaiKinder-garten - Dust may affect the - Do not load materials, waste structure, within 20 m from the relic - Noise may disturb - Water the construction areas worshiping located within 100 m from 50 m from activities on 1st and the relic in hot, dry day from 15th lunar month - Minimise the volume of construction - Material and wastes materials and wastes site. may affect temporarily loaded in the Km 1+300: General landscape and area and the activities that Truong Cong Xuan hinder access, generate noise in the 1st and relic - Unsuitable 15th of lunar month language or Final Report xiii Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Sensitive Receptors Description Site-specific Impacts Mitigation Measures behaviours may be - Enforce compliance to the offensive workers of conduct - Risks of traffic particularly with regards to disturbance, language and behaviours accidents and safety when working near the on access road temple - Do not load construction materials and wastes within 10 from access road during 1st and 15th lunar month - Traffic disturbance - Minimise the volume of on access road materials and wastes loaded - Material and wastes in the area and the activities may affect that generate noise in the 1st landscape and and 15th of lunar month hinder access. - Enforce compliance to the - 50 m from - Dust may affect the codes of conduct construction structure particularly with regards to site - Noise may disturb language and behaviours worshiping when present in the area General Pham Van activities on 1st and near the temple Doan relic (Km 15th lunar month - Do not load construction 1+500) - Unsuitable materials and wastes within language or 10 from access road during behaviours may be 1st and 15th Lunar month. offensive - Material and wastes - Do not load materials, waste may affect within 20 m from the temple landscape and - Water the construction areas hinder access, located within 100 m from - Noise may disturb the temple in hot, dry day Khanh worshipinng - Minimise the volume of pagoda is activities on 1st and materials and wastes 50m from 15th lunar month temporarily loaded in the construction - Unsuitable area and the activities that area. language/behaviour generate noise in the 1st and Khanh Pagoda s of workers may be 15th of Lunar month (Km 7+900) offensive to the - Enforce compliance to the relic keeper and codes of conduct visitors particularly with regards to language/behaviours when present near the temple Binh Minh road about 20 - Disturb access to - Mark construction area, graves will graves and minimise disturbed area be relocated. worshipping - Do not let materials, waste The activities, block access to graves remaining particularly on 1st - Minimise construction graves are and 15th of lunar activities during 1st, 15th of not affected month lunar month or when there Cemetery by land - Insects may attack are events at the cemetery (Km 1+000 to 1+080) acquisition the workers Final Report xiv Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Sensitive Receptors Description Site-specific Impacts Mitigation Measures The ground - Provide protective clothes is well- particularly boots and vegetated gloves and enforce the use - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release them, do not kill them. Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach Disturb access to graves - Mark construction area, and worshipping minimise disturbed 73 graves activities, particularly - Do not let materials and will be on 1st and 15th of lunar waste block access to graves relocated, month - Minimise construction the Insects may attack the activities during 1st, 15th of remaining workers Lunar month or when there graves are events at the cemetery remained at - Provide protective clothes the same particularly boots, gloves Cemetery area location. and enforce the use (Km 0+100 to 0+200) The ground - When insects, reptile are is well- found, drive them away or vegetated release them . Do not kill them Cau Trang canal - Public nuisance due - Inform local authorities to odour, wastewater before dredging takes place leakage and dredged - Place warning signs and materials odor from reflective bands surrounding dredged material may dredging area. affect the children - Provide adequate lighting at - Increased safety and night time traffic safety along - Avoid temporary loading, the canal, particularly use watertight tank trucks to during peak hours transport the damp dredged - Bad odor affect materials to the final teaching, learning and disposal site if possible. 50m from relaxing activities, - Monitor, apply pollution the particularly affect control measures related to construction children leaked water from dredged area. materials A kindergarten at Km - Transport dry dredged 2+900 materials to final disposal site as soon as possible - Avoid dredging and transportation activities near the kindergarten during peak hours - Cover or contain tightly dredged materials if temporarily loaded within 50 m from business houses Final Report xv Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province As baseline data indicated that the sediments at the Than canal has salinity at around 5%o, which is slightly above the tolerance range of some crop trees such as rice, the ESMP proposed that dredged materials will be temporarily loaded in abandoned existing ponds along the canal before being transported to final disposal site where existing saline sediment and soil already exist. At the temporary loading sites along the Than canal, taurine impermeable materials will be used to line the bottom and the embankments of the ponds, wastewater leaked from the sediments will be led to run back to the canals. Dredging and Dredgate Management Plan (DDMP) was prepared to address site-specific impacts and risks related to dredging activities, the mitigation measures proposed included: (i) Avoid dredging in the rainy season, from May to September, in order to maintain drainage function of the canals; (ii) Coffer dams are built before dredging to separate the construction site with the remaining sections of the Than and Cau Trang canals; (iii) Before storing the dredged sediment, the Contractor shall dry the pond by pumping the water into the canals, and create path for leakage water to go back to the Than and Cau Trang canals. After 3-5 days in the ponds, dredged sediment will be transported to the final disposal sites; (iv) Saline dredged materials and soil will be disposed of in a separate area at the disposal sites; the bottom and the surroundings of the disposal areas shall be lined with impermeable materials, surface runoff is led to the existing drains so as it can be diluted before entering waterbodies; (v) When salinity in the dredged materials (at 30 cm deep) is reduced to below 2‰ (at which most plants can tolerate), apply top soil at least 30 cm thick and plant trees on the top; (vi) The contractor must dig and retain the existing grass to cover the surface of the dredged material after completion at the final disposal sites. Estimated cost for tarpauline for temporary disposal cells along Than and Cau Trang canal is 375 milion VND (equal 16,667 USD). The Workers Code of Conducts were also developed as part of ECOP to address the concerns that may be arisen from labour influx (although quite small). In addition, the ESMP also proposed that training on HIV/AIDs awareness for the workers and construction supervision teams will also be provided during the implementation of this subproject. The estimated cost for this training is 210 million VND (equal to 8,889 USD). Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP proposed an institutional arrangement and identified responsibilities for the implementation of the stakeholders, as below. Table 3. Responsibilities for the Implementation of the Stakeholders Stakeholder Responsibilities PPC Overall responsible for environmental safeguard compliance of the Project Be responsible for monitoring the overall subproject implementation, including environmental compliance. PMU will be responsibile for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the subproject during the construction and operational phases: (i) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during subproject implementation; PMU (ii) Ensure that the detailed design include all environment mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP; (iii) monitor and supervise to ensure adequate contents of ESMP are incorporated into bidding and contractual documents; (iv) ensure that an environmental management system is set up and functions properly; (v) Repor on ESMP implementation to DONRE and the WB. Final Report xvi Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Stakeholder Responsibilities PMU will assign Environmental Staff(s) (ES) to oversee and coordinate environmental aspects of the subproject. Beresponsible for monitoring the implementation of the subproject ESMP. Specifically, ES will be responsible for: (vi) Monitor the incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents; (vii) Monitor the incorporation of ESMP and RAP monitoring and PMU supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents for the Environmental Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and other safeguard and Social consultant (IEMC); Staff(s) (ES) (viii) provide inputs to the consultant selection process; (ix) review reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants; (x) conducting periodic site checks; (xi) propose solutions to handle social and resettlement issues of the subproject; and (xii) prepare environmental and social performance section on the progress and review reports to be submitted to the DONRE and the World Bank. - Assign Enviromental, Social Health and Safety (EHS) staff to monitor contractor’s compliance to ESIA/ESMP. - Prepare Contractor ESMP (CESMP) for each construction site area, submit to PMU and CSC for review and approval before commencement of construction. - Obtain all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current regulations. - Implement the mitigation measures specified in the ESMP, CESMP, bidding Contractor documents etc. - Actively communicate with local residents and authorities and take actions to address their ESHS concernsduring construction. - Ensure that all staff and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program. - Report to the PMU and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions. - Report to PMU and CSC if environmental accidents occur and coordinate with agencies and keys stakeholders to resolve these issues. - Assign qualified Environmental and Social Staff(s) to supervise the implementation of ESMP and ensure compliance - Be responsible for routine environmental supervision and reporting during construction phase. Construction - Assist the PMU in reporting and maintaining close coordination with the local Supervision community. Consultant - Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, (CSC) CSC team and PMU staff. The cost for this training included in the consulting service contract. - Carry out the periodical environmental quality monitoring during construction period and first-year-operation, prepare periodical environmental monitoring and supervision reports for submission to Vietnamese authorities. Independent - Provide support to PMU to establish and operate an environmental Envionmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Monitoring Contractors on project environmental management requirements Final Report xvii Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Stakeholder Responsibilities Consultants - Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant agencies (IEMC) during subproject implementation, carry out random field visits to certify compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions . - Prepare monitoring reports after each visit. Local - Participate in volunteer community environmental and social monitoring. community DONRE Monitoring compliance with the Government environmental requirements. In addition, the ESMP also have proposed an environmental monitoring and supervision program as well as reporting requirements, capacity building training plan, compliance framework and penalty system as detail in Chapter 5. The total estimated costs for ESMP implementation are summarized below. Table 4. Total Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation Content Items of Tinh Gia sub-project (USD) (a) Mitigation during construction As a part of the contract (b) Monitoring safeguard compliance during As a part of the cost for Construction construction Supervision Consulting (CSC) (c) Running cost of PMU social and environmental units As part of the costs for the PMU (d) Environmental quality monitoring (done by CSC) 36,666 (e) Independent environmental monitoring consulting 59,111 (IEMC) (f) Safeguard Capacity building programs (done by 9,333 IEMC) (g) HIV /Aids Training (done by CSC) 8,889 Conclusions and Recommendations. The proposed subproject is expected to bring about significant positive impacts such as improving urban environmental sanitation and landscape, enhancing access for the project area thus contributing to sustainable socioeconomic development in the subproject area. Most of these positive impacts are expected to be achieved during the operation phase of the subproject. On the other hand, some potential negative environmental and social impacts and risks may also happen during the construction and operation of the facilities provided under the subproject. These include increased dust, noise and gas emission, vibrations, generation of solid wastes and wastewater, surface water quality reduction, traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks, damages to existing infrastructure (power/water supply, irrigation etc.) and disruption of related services increased localized flooding/sedimentation and erosion risks, health and safety issues for the public and the workers etc. These impacts are predicted to be at low to moderate level, and manageable through the environmental and social management plan proposed for this subproject. Therefore, the subproject should be implemented. Final Report xviii Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province INTRODUCTION 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND Viet Nam has set the goal to have urban development together with complete, modern and environmental-friendly technical infrastructure system. The Prime Minister has approved many important orientations to promote cities development following plans, such as the Masterplan for Vietnam’s Urban Development under Decision No.445/QD-TTg dated 07/04/2009, the National Urban Upgrading Program for the period 2009 to 2020 under Decision No. 758/QD- TTg dated 08/06/2009, the National Urban Upgrading Program for the period 2012-2020 under Decision No. 1659/QD-TTg dated 07/11/2012. These are the basis for formation of the country’s large urban areas with socio-economic development. Over the past years, Government of Vietnam with the assistance of the World Bank has implemented many urban development projects such as the Vietnam Scaling-up Urban Upgrading project, Medium Cities Development Project…which are bringing great benefits with positive changes in urban landscapes andpeople’s awareness about urban and project management in the participating cities. In order to continue following Government’s urban masterplan and development orientation, the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project has been proposed to include five cities namely Hai Duong (Hai Duong province), Tinh Gia (Thanh Hoa Province), Yen Bai city (Yen Bai Province), Thai Nguyen (Thai Nguyen Province) and Ky Anh town (Ha Tinh province). Figure 0.1. Location Map of DCIDP Towns and Cities Tinh Gia has very important location in economic development. It is a political, economic, cultural, scientific, technological and service center and a hub for transport and trading inside and outside the province; it is also the development center in the southern area of Thanh Hoa Final Report 1 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province province and South Thanh Hoa – North Nghe An region. Tinh Gia is comprised of the existing Nghi Son Economic Zone (12 communes) and the central area of Tinh Gia District (Tinh Gia township and 6 communes). Thus, the investment in construction and development of Tinh Gia will be very necessary and in line with the approved master plan. Tinh Gia subproject – Thanh Hoa province consists of 2 components: - Component 1: Construction of technical infrastructure and roads - Component 2: Technical assistance and implementation support. 2. RELATED PROJECTS AND DEVELOPMENT PLANS This project will follow related development plans, including: • The National Urban Development Program for the period 2012-2020 approved by Prime Minister under the Decision No. 1659/QĐ-TTg dated 07/11/2012; Following the modification of the master plan for development of Vietnam's urban system up to 2025 with a vision to 2050 which has been approved by the Prime Minister under Decision No. 445/QD-TTg dated 07 April 2009, Government of Viet Nam as well as Thanh Hoa province have concentrated many resources for construction and development of Nghi Son Economic Zone. Road system in the economic zone has been invested, facilitating transportation of goods. However, connectivity between the Economic zone with urban areas (residential areas…) is not properly invested. To solve this problem, Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee has been mobilizing many resources to implement the planning orientation, specifically: • Revised construction plans for South Thanh Hoa - North Nghe An in accordance with the Prime Minister’s Decision No. 1447/QĐ-TTg dated 16/09/2009. • Master Plan of Nghi Son Economic Zone approved by the Prime Minister under Decision No. 1364/QD-TTg dated October 10, 2007. • Scheme on expansion of Nghi Son economic zone (Decision No. 18/2015/QD-TTg dated 12/06/2015 by the Prime Minister). • Revised master plan for development of Thanh Hoa urban system (Decision 3975/QĐ- UBND dated 18/11/2014 by Thanh Hoa provincial People's Committee). • Master plan for the Central area of Tinh Gia district (Decision 2499/QD-UBND dated 07/08/2014 by Thanh Hoa Provincial People's Committee). • The master plan for Tinh Gia district’s Central area also stresses the urban development in the existing Nghi Son Economic Zone and the expanded Tinh Gia district (with future wards) of which the district’s central urban area will serve as a logistics hub for the economic zone. • Coastal road project has been approved for planning by the Prime Minister in the Decision No.129/QD-TTg dated 18/01/2010 and approval of adjustment of the route direction at the Document No. 2409/TTg-KTN dated 31/12/2015, in which section crossing Nghi Son has been invested (section in line with the North South 2 road and the North South 1B road, provincial road 513 and Nghi Son-Bai Tranh road). Final Report 2 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Figure 0.2. Land Use Master plan of Tinh Gia District 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 3.1. National Regulations and Technical Basics - The Law on Environmental Protection No. 55/2014/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly on 23 June 2014 and took effect since 01 January 2015; - The Law on Environmental Protection (No.55/2014/QH13) dated June 23, 2014 and Decree on Environmental Protection Planning, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Protection Plans (No. 18/2015/ND- CP) dated February 14, 2015 are key legal frameworks for environmental management in Vietnam. Law on Environmental Protection (LEP) provides statutory provisions on environmental protection activities; measures and resources used for the purpose of environmental protection; rights, powers, duties and obligations of regulatory bodies, agencies, organizations, households and individuals who are tasked with the environmental protection task. LEP is applicable to regulatory bodies, public agencies, organizations, family households and individuals within the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, including mainland, islands, territorial waters and airspace. LEP is on regulating strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment. Final Report 3 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Furthermore, the law also indicated to consultation on, inspection and approval of the planning for environmental protection (Article 11, chapter II) as well as the list of entities subject to strategic environmental assessment in appendix I and II of the Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Government. - The Article 13 of the Decree (No. 18/2015/ND-CP) explains the requirement of the pertaining ESIA agencies. Clause 1: the project owner or the advisory organization conducting ESIA must meet all requirements – (a) there are staff members in charge of ESIA meeting requirements prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article; (b) there is specialist staff members related to the project obtaining at least Bachelor‘s degrees; and (c) there are laboratories, inspection and calibration devices eligible for performing measurement, sampling, processing and analysis of environmental samples serving the ESIA of the project; if there is not any laboratory with decent equipment for inspection and calibration, it is required to have a contract with a unit capable of carrying out inspection and calibration. Clause 2: the staff members in charge of ESIA must obtain at least Bachelor's degrees and Certificate in ESIA consultancy and Clause 3: The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment shall manage the training and issuance of Certificates in consultancy of ESIA. - The project does not involve wetlands and natural protected areas, neither does it relate to emission of persistent organic pollutants or international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. Therefore, no relevant international environmental agreements to which Vietnam is a party would apply. - Construction Law No. 50/2014/QH13 adopted by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated 18 June 2014 and took effect since 01 January 2015; - Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated 29 November 2013 and took effect since 01 July 2014 - Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, session 3 on 21 June 2012; - Labour Law No. 10/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 18/06/2012 - Urban Planning Law No. 30/2009/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 17/06/2009 - Biodiversity Law No. 20/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 13/11/2008; - Law on amendment and supplementation of some articles of Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting No. 40/2013/QH13 dopted by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 22/11/2013 - Law on People’s Health No. 21/LCT/HĐNN8 adopted by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 30/06/1989. - Decree No. 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated 14 February 2015 of the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plans - Decree No. 19/2015/NĐ-CP dated 14 February 2015 of the Government detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the law on environmental protection; - Decree No. 59/2015/NĐ-CP dated 18/06/2015 of the Government on management of construction investment project; - Decree No. 16/2016/NĐ-CP dated 16/03/2016 of the Government on management and use of official development assistance (ODA) and concessional loans provided by foreign donors; - Decree No. 201/2013/NĐ-CP dated 27/11/2013 of the Government detailing some articles of Law on Water Resources; Final Report 4 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Decree No. 140/2006/NĐ-CP dated 22/11/2006 of the Government providing for the environmental protection at stages of elaboration, evaluation, approval and implementation of development strategies, planning, plans, programs and projects; - Decree No. 59/2007/NĐ-CP dated 09/4/2007 of the Government on the management of solid waste; - Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP dated 24/4/2015 of the government on management of waste and discarded materials. - Decree No. 80/2014/NĐ-CP dated 06/8/2014 of the Government on drainage and wastewater treatment; - Decree No.155/2016/NĐ-CP dated 18 November 2016 of the Government on the sanction of administrative violations in the domain of environmental protection; - Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental impact assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; - Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2015 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous waste management; - Circular No. 28/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 01/8/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on regulating technical process on environmental monitoring of ambient air and noise; - Circular No. 29/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 01/8/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulating the technical process on inland surface water monitoring; - Circular No. 30/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 01/8/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulating the technical process on underground monitoring. - Circular No. 19/2011/TT - BYT dated 06 June 2011 of Ministry of Health guiding the management of labor hygiene, laborers' health and occupational diseases; - Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD dated 03/12/2010 of Ministry of construction providing labor safety in construction. Legal Documents Related to The Project: - Decision No. 1364 / QĐ-TTG dated October 10, 2007 by the Prime Minister approving the master plan for construction of Nghi Son economic zone, Thanh Hoa province. - Document No. 2269 / TTg-KTN, dated November 13, 2014 by the Prime Minister on the adjustment of development planning of industrial zones in Thanh Hoa province by 2020. - Decision No. 18/2015 / QD-TTg, dated 12/6/2015 of the Prime Minister amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Regulation on operation of Nghi Son economic zone, Thanh Hoa province, issued together with Decision Decree No. 28/2010 / QD-TTg dated 03/3/2010 of the Prime Minister. - Decision No.2499/QĐ-UBND dated August 07, 2014 of Thanh Hoa provincial People’s Committee approving the masterplan of the central area of Tinh Gia district. - Decision No.2021/TTg-KTTH dated November 09, 2015 of the Prime Minister selecting some coastal economic zones to focus on the development from the state budget in the period 2016-2020, in which Nghi Son economic zone is one of 8 coastal economic area be selected. - Decision No.9301/VPCP-KTN dated October 31, 2016 of the Office of Government recognizing Tinh Gia extended district, Thanh Hoa province meeting class III city standard. Official Letter No. 2318 / VPCP-QHQT dated 14/03/2017 of the Government Office approving the proposal of the project: " Dynamic Cities Integrated Development ", WB loan 3.2. Applicable Vietnam’s Technical Standards and Regulations The ESIA assessment makes reference to the following technical standards and norms: Final Report 5 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Water quality: - QCVN 01:2009/BYT– National technical regulation on drinking water quality; - QCVN 02:2009/BYT– National technical regulation on domestic water quality; - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on surface water quality; - QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on ground water quality.; - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT – National technical regulation on domestic wastewater; - QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT – National technical regulation on industrial wastewater; Air quality: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT– National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality; - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT– National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air; - TCVN 6438:2005 - Road vehicles –Maximum allowable limits of gas emission. Soil and sediment quality: - QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNTM - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils; - QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT – Soil quality - National technical regulation on the pesticide residues in the soils. - QCVN 43:2012/BTNTM- National technical regulation on sediment quality; Noise and vibration: - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Vibration.; Solid waste: - TCVN 6705:2009 – Normal solid waste. Classification; - TCVN 6706:2009 – Hazardous waste. Classification; Drainage and construction works: - TCVN 7957:2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External Networks and Facilities - Design Standard. - TCXDVN 33:2006 – Water supply – Pipeline distribution System and Facilities. - QCVN 07:2016/BXD: National technical regulation “infrastructure works”. - QCXD VN 01:2008/BXD – National construction regulation – construction planning; - QCVN 04-05:2012/BNNPTNT – National technical regulation – Irrigation works – Main Regulations on design. Labor safety and health: • Decision No. 3733/2002/QĐ-BYT dated 10/10/2002 promulgating 21 labor hygiene standards, 05 principles and 07 labor hygiene measurements. • QCVN 18:2014/BXD – National Technical regulation on safety in construction. 3.3. World Bank’s Environmental and Social safeguard policies In addition to environmental regulations and safeguard instrument required by the Government of Viet Nam, the preparation of Tinh Gia Sub-project must also follow World Bank's social and environmental safeguard policies. The DCIDP project has been classified as environmental category B by the World Bank. The following Operation Policy are triggered: Final Report 6 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environment Assessment (OP/BP 4.01). The construction and operation of the civil works proposed under the subproject has the potential to cause some potential environmental and social impacts and risks, most of these would be at low or moderate level, and manageable. The investor has prepared an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) to predict, assess the potential negative impacts and risks of the subproject which will be addressed through the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP is an integral part of ESIA and includes mitigation measures, monitoring and supervision plans, capacity building, and cost estimations. For Tinh Gia subproject, following World Bank’s safeguard policies will be triggered: Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04)1; The subproject will be implemented in urban areas and will not involve significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats or other natural habitats. However, some dredging works will be implemented on existing canals and some bridges will be built on the rivers thus causing loss of benthic habitats and disturbance of benthic organisms. The potential impacts and their associated mitigation measures have been identified and addressed in the subproject ESIA and ESMP. Public consultation will be conducted during the preparation of the ESIA/ESMP and other safeguard instruments of the subproject. The final draft of the safeguard instruments will be disclosed locally in the project areas and the World Bank InfoShop before project appraisal. Physical cultural resources (OP/BP 4.11)2 The subproject does not acquire any land within the boundary of any known existing Physical Cultural Resources (PCRs). However, the proposed civil works would involve signnificant amount of excavation during which artefacts may expose. The subproject also requires the relocation of 245 graves. Mitigation measures for the relocation of graves have been included in the subproject Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and ESMP.A chance finds procedure has also been included in the subproject ESMP. Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)3 Screening of the proposed subproject shows that it would affect 1,354 households (HHs) including 225 HHs who have to be relocated. These impacts will cause significant social impacts such as loss of income and livelihood of the affected households. The potential impacts and risks could be predicable and mitigatable. The subproject has prepared a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to address the potential impacts related to land acquisition. The subproject will also conform to the World Bank’s Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (EHS) Guidelines and industry specific EHS Guidelines on Water and Sanitation. 1 OP/BP 4.11 is accessible at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543961~menuPK:1286639~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html 1 Detail of OP/BP 4.12 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543978~menuPK:1286647~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html 1 OP/BP 4.36 is described in detail at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543943~menuPK:1286597~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html Final Report 7 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 4. ESIA IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS The subProject Owner – the Nghi Son Economic Zone and Thanh Hoa Industrial Parks Construction Project Management Unit has contracted the Joint Venture between VINCEN (Vietnam Construction and Environment., Jsc) and HA THANH (Ha Thanh Land and Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd) consulting firms to prepare the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report for Tinh Gia subproject. The ESIA team members are presented in Table 1 as follows. Table 1- List of ESIA Team Members Educational Involvement in ESIA No. Full name background preparation I PMU 1 Nguyen Minh Hoang Director of PMU Responsible for organizing the implementation of ESIA 2 Nguyen Manh Tuan Officer of PMU To support the implementation of ESIA II Consultant 1 Master of Environmental Team leader Ho Thi Huong Science 2 Master of Environmental Solid waste impact assessment Le Dao Dai Science and mitigation measures 3 Master of Environmental Wastewater impact assessment Dinh Tien Dung Science and mitigation measures 4 Master of Sociology Social impact assessment and Tran Thi Thuy Trang mitigation measures 5 Master of Environmental Propose environmental Le Gia Tien Science management and monitoring program 6 Master of Environmental Ecological impact assessment Nguyen Thi Thuy Science and mitigation measures 7 Vu Ngoc Chau Environmental Engineer Field survey, public consultation 8 Le Tuan Anh Environmental Engineer Field survey, public consultation 9 Bachelor of Foreign Secretary / Translator Tran Thu Giang Languages 5. ESIA METHODOLOGY The Social Assessment (SA) which is implemented concurrently with the subproject’s environmental assessment has two objectives. The first is to review the potential positive and negative impacts of the subproject based on the project implementation plan. Secondly, findings during the assessment process will help the design to address potential negative impacts and propose community development activities that are relevant to the project's development objectives. For unavoidable negative impacts, consultation with local people, government agencies and project stakeholders, etc. will be carried out to ensure that affected people are compensated and supported in a timely manner so that at least their socio-economic activities are restored to pre-project levels, and in the long run, their livelihoods will not be worse due to the impact of the subproject. The social assessment and preparation of social safeguards for the project during the preparation phase ensures that interventions related to social issues are consistent and complied with GoV’s regulations and WB’s safeguard polices. Final Report 8 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province To ensure that all potential impacts can be identified during project preparation, SA has been conducted through a series of consultations with various stakeholders involved in the project. The special assessment focused on the project’s affected households (both positive and negative). The research methodologies used for preparation of this SA include 1) secondary research, 2) site survey, 3) focus group discussions, 4) in-depth interviews, and 5) household surveys (see Annex on sampling). 225 people have participated in the survey to assess the social impact of this subproject, of which 120 people joined in the household survey (quantitative), and 115 participants in the focus group discussion, public meetings and in-depth interviews (qualitative). a. Objective of Environmental Impact Assessment The objectives of environmental and social impact assessment include: - Assess environmental and social impacts of proposed investments - Develop an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) including mitigation measures, monitoring, supervising program, reporting, capacity building, cost estimating, etc. - Create communication channels that allow local communities to participate in decision- making. b. Scope of Environmental Impact Assessment Scope of the assessment bases on scope of affection (divided into 2 areas): (i) Project construction area: canals, road etc., the wastewater treatment plant and pipelines etc. (ii) project’s benefited or affected area such as transportation route, borrow pits, disposal sites etc... Scope of assessment over time: The report will review the environmental and social impacts of the project throughout its implementation from pre-construction to the construction and Operation phase c. Subjective of the Assessment Environmental and social components and factors to be assessed are: Natural environment (climate, water, soil, minerals, ecosystems), socio-economic and socio-cultural environment. The impact assessment should cover: a) physical environment (water source, hydrology, air/water/soil pollution, erosion and sedimentation, drainage, safety for stakeholders and existing infrastructure, taking into account basic conditions such as climate, geography, terrain, air quality), b) historical, cultural and archaeological issues; c) biological systems such as flora and fauna, natural habitats, fisheries, etc., and d) (socio-economic and social-cultural environment such as health and employment, income, gender, social security and life- sustainability, access to basic services such as water, energy, health and education, etc.). d. Methodology The ESIA should be combined with the project’s analysis on economic, financial, institutional, social and technical condition to ensure that environmental and social considerations are properly addressed in the selection of project investment, location and decisions related to technology solutions. Quantitatively forecasts and assess those impacts likely to occur. Distinguish between positive - negative, direct-indirect, cumulative, mid-term and long-term effects. Identify potential occurable impacts, unavoidable and irreversible impacts during the construction phase Final Report 9 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province e. Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology Field survey methods: to observe and invetigage existing status of environmental resources, sample and rapidly assess some quality parameters of on-site water samples in order to update and supplement the latest documents on project area. Sociological survey: to interview 225 households (directly, indirectly affected people and beneficiaries), and leadeship of relevant departments at provincial, district and communal levels. Statistical methods: to collect, process and analyse meteorological, hydrological, environmental and socio-economic data. Expert method: to consult experts through meetings and discussions for proposal of mitigation measures for negative impacts of the project Summarizing and analyzing method: to summarize and analyze the project's impacts on the natural and socio-economic environment in the project area. Rapid assessment method: to use the World Health Organization (WHO) pollution coefficients to estimate emissions and to predict pollution. Comparative method: to assess impacts by comparing with current regulations and norms on land and water quality, water, noise, air and other relevant environmental standards and regulations. Matrix method: to match each project activity with each environmental or social parameter (air, water, health, economic condition, etc.) to assess the cause and effect relationship of subproject implementation f. Public Consultation Public consultation meetings in the project wards/communes are organized with the participation of the following stakeholders: - Representatives of local authorities from the project wards/communes; - Mass organizations: Fatherland Front, Women's Union, Youth Union, Farmers' Association, Veteran's Association of project wards/communes. Representatives of households in the project area include households potentially losing land, beneficiaries, especially vulnerable households and households with disabled people. Issues to be discussed by the Consultant include: (i) Introduction on the project components and work items; (ii) Overview on local socio-economic condition; (iii) Proposed work items; (iv) potential impact and social, environmental risks during construction and operation of the proposed work items. Consulted people were invited to leave comments. Details on information dissemination, consultation and participation are covered in the public consultation section of this document. Final Report 10 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province CHAPTER 1 - PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS 1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION Project name: Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project (DCIDP) - Tinh Gia Subproject, Thanh Hoa province Executive agency: Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee Project Owner: Nghi Son Economic Zone and Thanh Hoa Industrial Parks Construction Project Management Unit Address: Floor 4 – Headquarter of Nghi Son Economic Zone and Thanh Hoa Industrial Parks Construction Project Management Unit (Truc Lam commune, Tinh Gia district). Email: Banqldakv.thanhhoa@gmail.com The Tinh Gia subproject of the Dynami Cities Integrated Development Project includes two components: ➢ Component 1 – Structural Solution – Construction of Technical Infrastructure and Urban Road. This component consists of 8 work items in technical infrastructure like road, water drainage, wastewater collection and treatment and the resettlement sites. ➢ Component 2 – Non-structural Solution – Technical Assistance and Implementation Support. This component supports for development of policies and institutional solution in urban asset management for management authorities and public services as well as suggests strategies for tourism and industrial development, job creation and improvement of urban competitiveness. 1.2 SUBPROJECT’S OBJECTIVES • General Objectives - To increase access to improved urban technical infrastructure and capacity building for urban planning and management in the cities of the project. • Specific Objectives - Enhance competitiveness of Tinh Gia town in meeting the demand for infrastructure for labour force working in the economic zone; - Mitigate damages caused by inundation thanks to improving and maintaining existing urban drainage capaccity and ensure the capacity in the future, when the urbanization according to planning is approved; - Promote economic development in Tinh Gia town; - Minimize traffic jams through developing connection transport corridor; - Improve urban development management with control thanks to software of urban and climate chanage management; - Gradually implement adopted plans; - Strengthen urban planning and planning management capacity. Final Report 11 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 1.3 SUBPROJECT AREA The proposed work items covered by Tinh Gia Subproject will be implemented in Tinh Gia township and seven communes namely Binh Minh, Hai Thanh, Hai Hoa, Nguyen Binh, Hai Nhan, Ninh Hai and Xuan Lam. The locations of subproject areas are shown in Figure 1.1. 7 3 Cảng Nghi Sơn Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..1: Locations of Tinh Gia Subproject’s Work Items Final Report 12 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 1.4 SCOPE OF INVESTMENTS Work items for infrastructure improvement proposed in Component 1 of Tinh Gia subproject include: 1. Construction of a new asphalt concrete road from Ninh Hai to Lach Bang 2 Bridge along the coastal line. The length is L = 9.8 km, B = 27 to 36 m, design speech is at 60 km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel is included. There is one bridge named Son Hai bridge on this road, L = 50.15m, B = 29m. 2. Construction of new asphalt concrete road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang road; L = 2.1 km, B = 26.5 m. Design speed V = 60km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel is included. 3. Demolition of the existing Do Be bridge and rebuild a new Do Be bridge (L = 70m, B = 20m) at the same location, improving the existing 490 m of Do Bo access roads at two ends of the bridge; 4. Construction of the new road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach; L = 815m, B = 27 m, Design speed V = 60km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel is included. 5. Dredging and embankment lining of the Cau Trang canal, L = 5.7km, B = 3 to 9 m; 6. Dredging and embankment lining of the Than canal, L = 5km, B = 25.5 m 7. Construction of the wastewater collection and treatment system, including a wastewater treatment plant capacity 2,000 m3/d using biological technology, and a sewer system; 8. Construction of infrastructure for 5 small resettlement sites with total land area of 4.5 ha with 138 land slots (80-150 m2 each). The proposed works include ground levelling, construction of internal roads, drainage, water supply, power supply and lighting system. Details on these proposed work items are presented in Table 1.1: Final Report 13 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..1. Detailed Description of Work Items Work Item Location Proposed Investments Figure (1) Coastal The road runs in Ninh Build new asphalt concrete road: L =9.8 km, B = 27 – 36m, V = 60 road from Hai commune at Km 0 km/h. Ninh Hai to to Km 4+440, turns * Section 1: Ninh Hai- Binh Minh, L=5.64 km. B = 27m, sidewalk Lach Bang 2 right to cross Than 2x6m = 12 m. bridge canal at Km 5+960. * Section 2: Binh Minh-Lach Bang 2 bridge. L= 4.13km. B = 36m, It ends at the junction divider 9m. Build Son Hai reinforced concrete Bridge on this section, with Bac Nam 2 road. L = 50m, 2 units, each unit is 10.5m wide. The road passes Underwater structure of the bridge: Bridge abutment, pillars, etc.: through 4 communes: reinforced concrete wall abutment. Drainage, lighting, power line, Ninh Hai, Hai Hoa, trees, cable line are included. Binh Minh and Xuan Lam. Typical cross section of the coastal road section 1 and 2 Final Report 14 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Work Item Location Proposed Investments Figure (2) Binh Beginning point: Build new asphalt concrete road, L =2.08 km. Minh road to intersecting with NH1. B = 26.5m, sidewalk 11.5m. Sao Vang – End point: intersecting Design speed V = 60 km/h. Nghi Son EZ with the coastal road Side drainage, lighting, power line, trees, cable line are included. The road passes through Binh Minh and Nguyen Binh communes Typical cross section of Binh Minh road to Sao Vang –Nghi Son EZ (3) Beginning point: Build new asphalt concrete road, L=491 m, B = 27m, sidewalks 2x6m Upgrading intersecting with the = 12 m. Rebuild Do Be reinforced concrete bridge, B=20m, L=70m. and coastal road. rehabilitation End point: To Hai of Do Be Thanh beach, bridge and its intersecting with the approach existing road. roads The road passes through Binh Minh Typical cross section of the Do Be bridge approach road and Hai Thanh communes Final Report 15 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Work Item Location Proposed Investments Figure (4) Road - Beginning point: Build new asphalt concrete road, L=0.815 km. B Roadbase = 27m, B from NH1A intersecting with = 15m, sidewalk 2x6m = 12 m. Side drains, tree, lighting system, to Ninh Bien NH1A, end point at technical tunnels are included. Design speed V = 60 km/h. beach Ninh Hai beach - The road is within area of Ninh Hai commune Typical cross section of the NH1A road section to Ninh Hai beach (5) - The section starts Dredging canal bed and lining the embankment, build operation roads Upgrading from Mai bridge to on the canal’s two banks. and Do Be bridge • Dredging: Bbed=25.5m, L=5 km. Dredging depth: -0.9m to - 1.39m; rehabilitating - The section is Maximum water level is H = 2.84m Than canal located on 3 • Lining embankment L=5km, elevation (+3.0), width Bshoulder=3,0m. communes namely Build concrete steps on the embankment at sections running Ninh Hai, Hai Hoa through residential area. and Binh Minh. • Stone embankment, slope is reinforced precast concrete, casted in- situ. The bottom is lined with crushed stone 10cm thick and geotextile. Top of the embankment are planted with grass erosion prevention. Operation road: cement concrete operation road, 5m wide at each side. • Replace 18 reinforced concrete box culvert drainage culverts. Bª t«ng th-êng M250 dµy 20cm Lãt ni lon t¸i sinh CÊp phèi ®¸ d¨m lo¹i 2 dµy 20cm Cäc: Culvert foundation is bamboo piled, diameter 6~8, L = 2.5m, §Êt ®¾p ®åi K>=0.95 L1 50 400 50 200 300 L2 Kc B/2 structure:. §¾p bê kªnh ®Êt ®åi +4.00 • Rehabilitate the salinity control sluice: some mansoney and +3.00 Trång cá 150 m= 2.0 machenical works Typical cross section at the half of Than canal Final Report 16 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Work Item Location Proposed Investments Figure (6) Beginning point: Cau Trang dredging and canal embankment lining Upgrading intersecting with L = 5.7 km, including: and NH1A bypass. End - K0+000 ~ K0+280: dredge and construct culvert, L = 280m; rehabilitating point: intersecting with Cau Trang the Than canal. - K0+280 ~ K1+480: dredging, L = 1,200m, B = 9.0m, embankment canal elevation: (+3,00). The work item will be done at: Hai Nhan, - K1+480 ~ K2+719 and K4+884 ~ K5+700: L=2,350.8m, B canal = Nguyen Binh, Binh (3,0~5,0)m. Minh communes and - K2+719 ~ K4+884: length L = 1,613m, B = (4.0~5.0)m, Tinh Gia township. Depth: Zbed = 0.75~1.93 m, embankment elevation: Zbed = 3.00~3.94 m - Embankment structure: cast-in-situ concrete grade M250 structure, slope m=2.0. The foot is stone 30cm thick in hexagonal shape. The top has slope m=1.5m, reinforced by hexagonal cells 10cm planted with grass for erosion prevention. - Work on the canal: Build 5 new reinforced concrete bridges on the canal (at the junction with local roads): B = (5.0-6.0m), - Replace 20 drainage culverts Typical cross section of the canal section from K0+280 ~ K1+480 Typical cross section of the undergroudn sewer (K0+00 ~ K0+280) Final Report 17 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Work Item Location Proposed Investments Figure (7) The WWTP will be * WWTP capacity: 500m3/day. Treatment technology: biological Construction constructed on the land pond of area near the road to * Treated Wastewater quality meets column B, QCVN 14- wastewater Hai Thanh commune, 2008/BTNMT, discharged into Than canal, 150m from the WWTP. collection 150m from Than Build 8 CSO (combined sewer overflows), 4,000 m interceptor HDFE system and canal, in Dong Tien D200 – D300. 2 pumping stations: PS 1: near Cong bridge, 4m2. PS treatment hamlet, Binh Minh 2: at the junction between Binh Minh-Sao Vang road and Cau Trang plant commune canal, about 10m2. H = 2.5 - 4 m. (WWTP) (8) 5 Resettlement sites Total land area of 5 resettlement sites is 4.5ha. Work item includes: Construction - 1: Thong Nhat Leveling, construct road, drainage system, water supply system, of hamlet - Ninh Hai lighting system, tree. Resettlement commune, 1.5 ha Infrastructure construction rate is 40%, there are about 138 land plots site) - 2: Ron field- Hai (for 83 relocated households who wish to resettle in the resettlement Hoa 0.5 ha site, and for back up). Area of each land plot from 80 m2 - 150 m2. - 3: Cao Thang 3 - Nguyen Binh 0.5 ha - 4: Ray Kenh - Binh Minh 1.5 ha - 5: Van Xuan 8 - Binh Minh 0.5 ha. Resettlement sites 1, 2 and 3 Resettlement sites 4 and 5 Final Report 18 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 1.5 CONSTRUCTION METHODS 1.5.1 Road and Bridge Road construction methods (for (1) Coastal road from Ninh Hai –Lach Bang 2 Bridge; (2) Construct road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang road –Nghi Son EZ and (4) Construct Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach) includes the following steps: 1. Preparation - Positioning and localizing works; - Preparing construction site and workers camps; - Mobilizing machineries and equipment. 2. Construction of asphalt concrete layer - Step 1: Digging and dredging organic soil - Step 2: Cover ground to standard rigidity in each design layers - Step 3: Digging the road mold following the width of each segment - Step 4: Spreading and compacting each soil layer, ballast type 2 and type 1 (within the road) to standard rigidity in design layers. - Step 5: Drawing formwork  completed. Bridge construction methods (for Do Be bridge, Son Hai bridge) includes the following steps: - Step 1: Installing temporary bridges (such as wooden bridges or pontoon bridges) at convenient locations to ensure the accessibility of people and vehicles involved in traffic. - Step 2: Demolition of existing Do Be bridge and Son Hai bridge; - Step 3: Drilling foundation (pile driving in accordance with scope and geological condition at the construction site) - Step 4: Constructing abutment/pillar - Step 5: Installing formwork for cement concrete girder or using crane to mobilizing precast concrete pallets. - Step 6: Removing formwork  completing the construction 1.5.2 Dredging, Embankment Lining for Than Canal and Cau Trang Canal The embankment construction will include works as site preparation, excavation/dredging canal banks, embankment and other works behind the dyke. The construction measures for these works are presented as follows: - Positioning and localizing works; - Preparing construction site and workers' camps and site office; - Mobilizing machinery and equipment; - Locating temporary area at site to gather dredged material. - Use specialized equipment combined with manual labor to dry dredge canal to the designed elevation; - Dredged material will be direct transported by truck to landfill/ disposal site. The excavated soil are used for ground levelling, or dumped at disposal site (see 1.5.2 below). - Construction of embankment as designed. - Construction of embankment and auxiliary works Notes: Dredging activities will not be conducted in flood season, during extreme weather events (heavy rains, floods, cyclones, etc). Final Report 19 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 1.6 LABOUR, MACHIERYAND EQUIPMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION List of main machinery and equipment for basic construction is presented in Table 1.2 below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..2. List of Main Machinery and Equipment for Basic Construction and Labour and approach roads embankment lining 6. Rehabilitate Cau NH1A to Ninh Hai WTP and pipe line 8. resettlement site 7. Construction of from Ninh Hai – 2. Binh Minh to 3. Do Be bridge 1. Coastal road Sao Vang road Lach Bang 2 4.Road from Trang Canal Machines and Than Canal 5. Dredge, equipment system Bridge beach Excavator with one 6 1 1 1 6 4 2 2 bucket, 0.8m3 1.6 m³ excavator 10 1 1 1 108 CV bulldozers 12 2 1 1 6 4 2 108 CV plate machine 2 1 1 1 1 10T vibratory roller 6 2 1 2 2 2 1 16T Mini Wheel 8 2 1 2 2 2 2 Loader 25T vibratory roller 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 10T automobile crane 6 2 2 2 Cars watering 5m3 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 Automobile watering 4 1 1 1 1 plastic 7T Mortar mixer 8 4 2 2 1 2 Concrete mixers 10 4 2 2 10 8 2 2 Water pumps 6 2 Plastic asphalt carpet 3 1 1 1 1 machine Pile machine 2 2 Automobiles dump 20 8 8 8 6 4 1 8 Steel bending machine 6 2 2 2 4 3 13 2 Electric welding 20 8 8 8 8 6 2 4 machines Shredder 20 6 6 6 8 6 2 4 Labour (pers) 100 50 30 50 80 80 50 50 1.7 MATERIALS DEMAND AND WASTE 1.7.1 Excavation, Backfill Volume and Main Construction Material The road’s elevation will be increased so there will be great demand for backfilled material. Besides, to ensure road base structure, existing organic matter and weak soil at some sections will be excavated and replaced by other bearing sand and soil. There is also dumping demand for sludge dredged from canals. Excavation and backfilling volumes are presented in Table 1.3 below. Final Report 20 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..3. Volume of Materials Volume Concrete rock Construction stone, paving embankment Backfilling Macadam Cement Asphalt Total Sand Steel Work items (ton) (m3) (m3) m3 (ton) (m3) (ton) (m3) (m3) 1. Coastal road 16,293 162,680 3,815 53,301 2,285 2,513 4,317 330,354 330,354 2. Road from Binh 1,946 8,165 22,506 7,579 492 92 384 55,089 55,089 Minh to Sao Vang 3.Reconstruction 1,678 3,611 5,577 4,639 113 165 548 9,577 9,577 of Do Be bridge 4. Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai 1,263 4,082 8,933 4,336 190 27 342 10,163 10,163 beach 5. Dredge, embank 2,670 4,708 450 13,389 4 111,628 425 660,168 660,168 Than Canal 6. Rehabilitate Cau 2,403 4,237 383 12,050 4 55,814 362 561,143 561,143 Trang Canal 7. WWTP, PSs, 121 2,600 - 230 2 - 30 64,500 29,400 Sewers 8. Resettlement 629 50,661 5,715 1,602 125 23 39 29,400 64,500 site Total 27,003 240,744 43,379 97,126 3,215 170,262 6,591 1,720,394 1,720,394 Table Error! No text of specified style in document..4. Volume of Demolition, Dredged Material and Excavation Activities Work items Volume of Volume of Volume of Total (m3) demolition dredged excavation (m3) material (m3) (m3) 1. Coastal road 81,001 522,861 603,862 2. Road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang 133,593 16,150 149,743 3.Reconstruction of Do Be bridge 8,092 3090 11,182 4. Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach 64,260 6,177 70,437 5. Dredge, embank Than Canal 68,630 59,357 127,987 6. Rehabilitate Cau Trang Canal 24,631 43,480 9,520 77,631 7. WWTP, PSs, Sewers 11,250 4,164 15,414 8. Resettlement sites 27,536 21,000 48,536 Total 350,363 112,110 642,319 1,104,792 1.7.2 Material Source and Disposal Site Sand, stone, soil for construction/filling will be purchased from local borrow pits and quaries transported to the project sites by roadways. Locations of potential sources, capacities and operation permits are discussed below. a. Borrow pit: The licensed borrow pit is located in Phu Lam commune – Tinh Gia district under management and exploitation of Duc Minh private company. Its current reserve is about Final Report 21 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 1,300,000 m3. Distance to project area is about 10.5km. Due dilligence review of the borrow pit is presented in Annex 1. b. Sand mine: The licensed Ham Rong sand mine which is under management and exploitation of Thuy Son Trading Service Joint-stock company. Distance to project area is 35 Km along NH1A. c. Quarry: The Licensed Truong Lam quarry which is being managed by Tan Thanh 6 company will be used for the subProject. The nearest distance to the project area is 8.7km along NH1A. d. Asphalt concrete mixing plant: The asphalt concrete mixer is located in Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district. Nearest distance is 6.9km. Transportation route along NH1A. e. Other materials (steel, iron, cement, block bricks…) are purchased from agents in Tinh Gia district under inter-department Price Statement of Finance Department and Construction Department. The nearest distance for transportation of steel and cement is about 7 km. f. Disposal sites: Waste generated during the construction of the road will be disposed in communes where there is demand of leveling work in Table 1.5 as follows: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..5. Locations of Disposal Sites Disposal Site Picture Description For Excavation: - The dump site is in front of the headquarter of Xuan 1. The dump Lam Communal People's Committee site is located - Distance: 10 - 15 Km. in Xuan Lam - Transport route: Along NH1A commune, - The storage capacity is about 300,000 m3. Tinh Gia district - This is currently a vacant land, 200m from the nearest residential house, 500m from the nearest National Highway 1A; Currently the site needs leveling. 2. The dump - The dump site is in next to the provincial road DT512, site is located 12 to 15 km far from the construction sites. in Tuong Son - Transport route: Along NH1A commune, - The storage capacity is about 250,000 m3. Tinh Gia - This is currently a vacant land, need of leveling, more district than 500m from the nearest residential house. Final Report 22 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Disposal Site Picture Description - The dump site is in next to Bach Lang bridge with 3. The dump distance of 3km. site is located - Distance: 10 - 15 Km. in Mai Lam commune, - Transport route: North - South No.2 road --> NH1A Tinh Gia - The storage capacity is about 20,000 m3. district - This is currently a small pond land, need of leveling, more than 100m from the nearest residential house. For Dredged Material: (1) The disposal site is near the salinity control sluice (Ben Ngao sluice) – at the Lach Bang river mouth– Binh (1) The Minh commune. This is the disposal site of Lach Bang port project with area of about 3.7ha. disposal site under the - Distance from the disposal site to the canal dredging area is 3 - 8 km; The main transportation route is Binh salinity Minh inter-communal road. control sluice - Capacity of about 100,000 m3 (Ben Ngao sluice) - The disposal site is near the Lach Bang River which was saline as reflected in the monitoring results of Thanh Hoa DoNRE with a salinity of about 25-28%o. (2) The disposal site near Do Be bridge with area of about available 4.5ha of abandoned land. The distance (2) The from the disposal site to the dredging area of Than and disposal site Cau Trang canals is 0.5 - 5 km. near Do Be The main transportation route is Binh Minh inter- bridge communal road. The disposal site’s capacity is about 67,500 m3 (corresponding to the discharge height of about 1.5 m). For domestic and hazardous waste - Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous Domestic waste of Nghi Son Environment JSC in Truong Lam solid waste / commune, Tinh Gia district. sludge - Average distance to project areas: 20 km. Total land area for disposal is 30 ha. Final Report 23 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 1.8 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE The subproject implementation schedule is presented in Table 1.6 below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..6 Project Implementation Schedule NO Content By when 1 Approval of Project proposal 3/2017 2 Approval of Pre-FS report 01/2018 3 Approval of FS report 03/2018 5 Signing loan agreement 5/2018 Signing contracts with construction contractors for phase 1 (30% work 6 10/2018 volume) Commencing construction for phase 1 (Expected work items: Than canal, From 11/2018 to 8 Cau Trang canal, Binh Minh road to Sao Vang road – Nghi Son EZ) 11/2020 9 Completing construction and bringing into use 11/2020 Signing contracts with construction contractors for phase 2 (70% work 10 10/2020 volume) Commencing construction for phase 2 (70% work volume). Expected work items: Coastal road from Ninh Hai to Bach Lang 2 bridge; Upgrade Do Be From 11/2020 to 11 bridge and approach roads; Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach; Construct 11/2023 wastewater treatment plant capacity 500m3/day. 12 Completing construction and bringing into use 11/2023 1.9 BUDGET Total estimated budget for the subproject is: 1,791,692,000,0000 VND, equivalent to 79.63 million USD (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 22,500 VND). Final Report 24 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province CHAPTER 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE 2.1 NATURAL CONDITIONS 2.1.1 Geography Thanh Hoa is the northernmost province in Central Vietnam and is a large province in both area and population. The province borders 3 provinces of Son La, Hoa Binh and Ninh Binh to the north, Nghe An province to the south and southwest, Hua Phan province (Laos Republic) to the west and the East sea to the east with 102 km coastline. The expanded Tinh Gia township borders the East sea to the East, Phu Lam, Phu Son communes (Tinh Gia district) to the west, Quynh Luu district (Nghe An province) to the South and Dinh Hai, Hai Linh communes (Tinh Gia district) ot the North. Tinh Gia township after being expanded covers 12 communes of Nghi Son Economic Zone namely Xuan Lam, Truc Lam, Hai Binh, Tung Lam, Mai Lam, Vinh Hai, Hai Yen, Tan Truong, Nghi Son, Hai Ha, Truong Lam, Hai Thuong and 6 communes and 1 township in the central area of Tinh Gia district, namely Tinh Gia township, Binh Minh, Hai Thanh, Hai Hoa, Nguyen Binh, Hai Nhan and Ninh Hai. Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..2: Tinh Gia’s Location and Planning 2.1.2 Topography Topography of Tinh Gia district is relatively complex and diverse. The province is divided into three topographical areas: The southwest topography is relatively high surrounded by series of along mountain to create a semi-moutainous topography. Mountainous and semi-mountainous areas cover the area of about 13 communes, of which 6 mountainous terrain communes are: Tung Lam, Phu Lam, Phu Son, Dinh Hai, Tan Truong, Truong Lam and 7 communes with Final Report 25 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province semi-mountainous topography is: Hai Nhan, Nguyen Binh, Cac Son, Anh Son, Hung Son, Mai Lam, Truc Lam. The topographical area with semi-mountain allows Tinh Gia to use for development of feature economies such as: forestry, animal husbandry, exploitation of natural resources, soil. Mountainous areas, high peaks of 100 - 250 m are less favorable for construction development, especially the need for concentrated construction. However, this is the watershed area, the green lung of the whole regionon tourism and irrigation. Elevation of the district tends to be low gradually toward the north east. Here, topography is fairly flat and forms a delta area with many rivers and canals across, suitable for the rice growing and floods as well as industrial trees and fruit trees and cattles and livestocks. The terrain area includes the area of some communes bordering with semi-mountains with development ability of short-time industrial trees such as Hai Ninh, Trieu Duong, Ngoc Linh, Hai Hoa, etc. Other communes depend on the north of district such as: Cac Son, Anh Son, Thanh Son, Hung Son, Thanh Thuy. The midland has relatively flat terrain, good geology capable of meeting the needs of concentrated construction with the potential of planting industrial crops such as rubber, sugarcane, cassava, etc, is grown on centralized type. The east area of the district includes about 15 coastal communes in which some communes have canals to create a completely different shape with two above areas, at low elevation and tends to incline to the sea. It will create ability to form and develop marine economic areas for aquaculture as well as fishing far and near shore. However, beside the potential of the sea are the difficulties caused by typhoons and sea invasions. 2.1.3 Meteorology Average annual rainfall in Tinh Gia district is 1,600-1,900mm. Rainy season lasts from May to September with rainfall accounting for 85% of total annual rainfall. Heavy rains and narrow river beds are potential reason of serious flooding and inundation. Average monthly temperature in Thanh Hoa province in the year 2015 was 24.4°C, of which in the hot months from May to August, province’s temperature was 29°C while Tinh Gia’s temperature was 31°C. According to statistical data from 2000 up to now, Tinh Gia’s average temperature in hot months tends to increase at an average annual rate of 0.3°C and even hot days up to 41°C. The hot season in Tinh Gia usually lasts longer with severe Laos winds. Tinh Gia borders the sea in the East, so it is at high risk of facing with storms which usually last longer and more serious than other areas in the province. 2.1.4 Hydrology Rivers and streams in the area are short and sloping, derived from the west and run into the sea but most of them are blocked by sand dunes which run along the coastal line. Therefore, water in flooding season is difficult to drain and usually causes localized inundation for coastal communes. River system in the project area includes: Lach Bang estuary is connected to the sea in the direction of North West-South East. The estuary is shielded by Mui Tron mountain (Dragon’s Nose mountain) in the North and faces a vacant sand area in the South. The terrain is rather flat and shallow, evenly distributed with natural depth ranging from -1.85  -4.8m (State elevation system). The further area from Lach Bang estuary is relatively flat, with deep creeks running toward Hai Thanh beach (at the old port). The natural depth in the whole area varies from -1.85m to 3.85m and even up to -4.8m at some places. Lach Bang river section is naturally deeper, with depth varying from -1.85 m to - 2.85 m. Final Report 26 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province The Than canal section is relatively shallow, the depth toward the river is shallower than estuary area (-0.85m compared with -1.85m at estuary area). The Cau Trang canal section is relatively shallow, the depth toward the river is shallower than estuary area (-0.85m compared with -1.6m at estuary area). Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..3: Rivers and Canals in Project Area 2.1.5 Hydrogeology Tinh Gia district is a area subjected to frequent flooding annjually at coastal communes. Streams and rivers system in the area are relatively short and steep flowing from the West to the East sea. At river sections near the sea, there are sand-bank running parallel with the coast obstructing flows and cause to flood for the coastal communes. In general, groundwater reserve is small and not in good quality. Surface water in the coastal area is mostly salty. Most of Tinh Gia district are mountainous areas which are developed on different original rocks. In the western area, groundwater mainly belongs to cliff water. The thickness of aquifer (fracture zone and karst thickness) is from 30 to about 100m. Water quality is good, total mineralization is 0.1-0.5g/l with a homogeneous component of calcium bicarbonate. In general, the aquifer is very heterogeneous, water storage depends on the degree of karst, but generally, water supply cannot be centralized. Toward the East, because geological characteristics and hydrological conditions are so complex, and objects with water storage are mostly poor and uneven, they change both reserve and volume in short distance. Therefore, reserve of underground water in general is limited and has poor quality. Groundwater in the coastal communes are mostly salted and affected by tidal impacts. Final Report 27 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.1.6 Geotechnology Results of geological survey and tests on geotechnical condition of road and work on the route show that, soil layers downwardly in the surveyed area are as follows: - Layer Kc – Old road base course: This is the layer of the old road base course on road section 3 and Do Be bridge area. Thickness is from 25-30cm. - Layer D – Filled material layer of the old sub-base: the sub-base layer of the old road on section 3 and Do Be bridge area and sections crossing with local roads. The subgrade structure is combination of gray yellow clay with gravels and cobbles, running through layer of the old road with thickness of 0.8-1.5m. - Layer Hc – Subgrade layer: sand and organic matters, this is heterogeneous material and needs to be stripped off before construction. The thickness is from 0.5-0.8m. - Layer 1 – Sandy clay, grey yellow (SC): this is popular terrain layer on the area where the roads run through. This is alluvium sandy clay where most of drilling depths are from 4.0m to 5.0m. The layer is sandy clay with grey yellow color with loose to medium dense. - Layer 2 – Silty sand, grey blue color (SM), loose to medium dense structure: the silty sand with grey blue color, loose to medium dense structure and is alluvium layer. This layer is popular in the area where the roads run through and is under Layer 1. Drilling depths to this layer are from 7.6 to 8.0m. - Layer 3 – Lean clay (clay with low plasticity -CL), brown grey, plastic-liquid state: This layer is lean clay with brown grey color at plastic-liquid state. This is diluvium layer under layer 2 and is encountered when drilling at Son Hai bridge and Do Be bridge with thickness of 1.9 – 3.0m. This layer can also be found under the drilling depth of 12.8m at road section from Km 8+600 – Km 9+100. - Layer 4 - Lean clay (clay with low plasticity –CL), brown grey, at quasi-plastic state: Lean clay (clay with low plasticity –CL), brown grey, at quasi-plastic state is diluvium layer under layer 3, found at the section 1 from Km8+600 – Km9+100 at undefined depth of borehole LK1.9 and at drilling depth from 3.0-4.5m at Son Hai and Do Be bridges. - Layer 5 – Lean clay with grits (CL), brown grey or grey yellow color at semi-stiff state: Lean clay with grits (CL) having brown grey or grey yellow color at semi-stiff state is under layer 4, which is found locally within the surveyed area of Do Be and Son Hai bridges. It is found at the boreholes for bridge surveying and has undefined thickness. This layer is alluvium and can bear load for bridge abutment foundation. - Layer 6 – Lean clay with grits (CL) having brown grey or grey yellow color, at semi- stiff state: This layer is under layer Hc and is found locally within the surveyed area of section 1 which runs through hillsides with great gradient (Km3+160 – Km+520). Layer thickness is around 10m as in the geological survey result and it is originated from weathered sand stone, with main composition of lean clay and grits. - Layer 7 – Highly weathered sand stone (grade 4 stone): layer of highly weathered silty stone is under layer 6, locally found within the surveyed area from section 1 to the hillside with great gradient (Km 3+160 – Km 3+520). Layer thickness is about 15m as in the geological survey result. - Layer 8 – Stiff silt stone (grade 3 stone): layer of stiff silt stone is under layer 7, locally distributed within the surveyed area of the road section 1 which runs through hillside with great gradient (Km3+160 – Km3+520). Final Report 28 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.2 ENVRONMENTAL QUALITY In order to have quantitative assessment on the local baseline environmental parameters, the Consultant has prepared and implemented an environmental quality monitoring program during 20 - 22/10/2017. The monitoring parameters are shown in Table 2.1 below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..7. Environmental Quality Monitoring Parameters No SAMPLE NOs of PARAMETER SAMPLE 1 Air 20 Dust, noise, vibration, NH3, H2S, CO, NO2, SO2. 2 Surface water 14 pH, turbidity, TSS, DO, COD, BOD5, NO3, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, oil and grease, total Coliform 3 Groundwater 10 pH, hardness (by CaCO3), COD, chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO3-), Pb, Zn, Fe, Total Coliform 4 Wastewater 10 pH, salinity, BOD5, TSS, TDS, H2S, amonium, Nitrate (NO3-) by N, oil and grease, total surfactants, phosphate (PO43-) (by P), total Coliforms 5 Soil 10 Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb 6 Sediment 4 Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, salinity 2.2.1 Air Quality, Noise and Vibration Air quality was monitored on 20th and 22nd October 2017 in sunny weather, moderate wind, temperature 27-300C, humidity 60-80%. The results of sampling are listed in Table 2.2 below. Final Report 29 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..8. Air Quality, Noise and Vibration Result QCVN QCVN QCVN No Parameter Unit 05:2013/B 27:2010/ 26:2010/ K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 1 Temperature C 0 27.5 28.2 27.2 27.6 28.1 28.7 27.0 27.5 28.0 28.4 TNMT- BTNMT - BTNMT - 2 Humidity % 79.1 68.1 80.1 81.0 68.7 71.8 80.2 78.1 69.2 70.2 - - - 3 Wind speed m/s 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 - - - 4 TSP μg/m 190.9 180.7 110.8 110.1 120.9 165.0 177.5 150.8 169.7 150.4 300 - - 3 5 NH3* μg/m < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 - - - 3 6 NO2* μg/m 134.7 134.0 123.5 126.5 164.6 163.6 121.5 125.6 120.5 124.5 200 - - 3 7 CO* μg/m 2560 2550 2542 2539 2530 2540 2526 2630 2620 2650 30,000 - - 3 8 SO2 μg/m 12.1 12.6 17.5 17.2 15.8 15.7 17.2 17.8 17.8 17.6 350 - - 3 9 Noise dBA 56.8 58.0 55.4 56.0 57.9 59.0 56.2 56.2 59.0 59.3 - - 70 10 Vibration (m/s2 32.4 33.8 32.2 34.8 36.5 37.8 35.1 35.6 37.4 38.0 - 55 - ) Result QCVN QCVN QCVN No Parameter Unit 05:2013/B 27:2010/ 26:2010/ K11 K12 K13 K14 K15 K16 K17 K18 K19 K20 1 Temperature C 0 27.7 28.1 27.4 27.2 28.2 29.1 28.7 29.0 27.9 29.4 TNMT- BTNMT - BTNMT - 2 Humidity % 74.1 69.2 75.3 76.0 70.7 68.8 69.2 68.4 77.2 67.6 - - - 3 Wind speed m/s 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 - - - 4 Dust TSP μg/m 183.9 125.7 176.8 161.1 152.9 149.4 137.5 160.8 139.9 151.4 300 - - 3 5 NH3* μg/m < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 - - - 3 6 NO2* μg/m 142.7 143.0 132.5 134.5 151.7 163.7 133.5 145.5 136.5 142.5 200 - - 3 7 CO* μg/m 2570 2565 2572 2531 2620 2532 2537 2533 2580 2575 30,000 - - 3 8 SO2 μg/m 13.2 12.46 14.5 17.6 15.8 14.7 17.4 16.8 17.1 16.7 350 - - 3 9 Noise dBA 57.8 56.0 58.4 56.4 56.9 58.0 59.2 57.2 58.0 58.7 - - 70 10 Vibration (m/s2 35.7 33.5 36.7 33.8 34.1 37.2 38.1 35.5 36.0 36.8 - 55 - ) Sample Coordinate system Location Sample Coordinate system Location 2000 2000 X Y X Y K1 At the junction between the new road with K11 At the junction between the coastal road with the 2155 096 583 436 NH1A in Ninh Hai commune 2147 961 582 771 road passing Quy Vinh hamlet residential area in Binh Minh commune 30 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Sample Coordinate system Location Sample Coordinate system Location 2000 2000 X Y X Y K2 At the junction between the inter-communal K12 At the junction between Binh Minh-Sao Vang road 2155 045 584 129 road passing through Ninh Hai, near the 2149 275 581 114 with NH1A, at hamlet 5 of Nguyen Binh commune tentative resettlement area K3 At the end point of the new road, 300m from K13 At the junction between the coastal road with the 2147 041 581 309 Hai Thanh beach 2147 555 582 376 road passing Thanh Khanh hamlet residential area in Binh Minh commune K4 At the junction between the coastal road with K14 At the junction between the coastal road and the 2154 532 584 168 the road passing through Son Hai hamlet 2148 985 582 963 road passing Thanh Dong hamlet residential area in residential area in Ninh Hai commune Binh Minh commune K5 At the junction between the coastal road with K15 At the junction between the coastal road with the 2154 292 584 197 the road passing through Dai Tien hamlet 2147 378 581 527 road passing hamlet 7 residential area in Xuan Lam residential area in Ninh Hai commune commune K6 At the junction between the coastal road and K16 At the junction between Cau Trang canal and the 2153 479 584 185 the road passing Thong Nhat hamlet residential 2151 927 581 621 road passing Thuong Bac hamlet residential area in area in Ninh Hai commune Hai Nhan communen K7 At the junction between the coastal road with At the junction between the Cau Trang and with the 2151 410 584 319 the road passing through Nhan Hung hamlet K17 2150 854 581 652 road passing through residential area 1 of Tinh Gia residential area in Hai Hao commune township K8 At the junction between the coastal road with At the junction between Cau Trang canal with the the construction area of Than canal dredging road passing residential area 1 of Tinh Gia 2149 112 583 737 K18 2150 529 581 581 work and Son Hai bridge in Binh Minh township, near Tinh Gia primary school commune K9 At the junction between the coastal road with At the junction between the Than canal and the road the construction area of the item: upgrading passing Thong Nhat hamlet residential area in Hai 2148 795 583 491 K19 2151 024 583 708 and rehabilitation of Do Be bridge in Binh Hoa commune (on the bridge) Minh commune K10 At the junction between dredging work of Than At the junction between the work item of Cau Trang canal and the work of upgrading and canal with NH1A (near Cong bridge in Tinh Gia 2148 777 583 509 K20 2150 306 581 664 rehabilitation of Do Be bridge, Binh Minh township) commune, at the side to Hai Thanh commune Analysing results on air quality, noise and vibration in the project area show that most environmental parameters of samples taken in the project area are within allowable limits specified by National regulations QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06: 2009/BTNMT and QCVN 26: 2010/BTNM. 31 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.2.2 Surface Water Quality The results of surface water quality analysis presented in Table 2.3 show that the majority of parameters are within allowable limits compared to QCVN 08: 2015/BTNMT, columnn B1. BOD5 are within allowable limits in all sampling locations. However, TSS exceeds the allowable limit in QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT from 1.52 to 1.84 times on Than and Cau Trang canals and the Lach Bang river. The main causes are supposed to be the discharge of waste water from households and enterprises along canals, especialy Cau Trang canal at the section of Tinh Gia township. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..9. Surface Water Quality No Parameter Unit Result QCVN 08-MT: M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 2015/ BTNMT (Column B1) 1 pH - 7.16 7.18 7.11 7.09 7.15 7.15 7.12 5.5– 9 3 TSS mg/l 64.6 76.4 84.2 74.3 86.7 92.4 69.8 50 4 DO mg/l 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.3 ≥4 5 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 9.2 8.2 12.4 12.4 13.6 13.6 9.2 15 6 COD mg/l 14.8 13.8 15.2 14.2 18.8 17.8 16.8 30 7 Nitrate (by N) mg/l 2.2 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.9 10 8 PO43- mg/l 0.26 0.24 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.3 9 Cl- µg/l <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 350 10 Surfactant mg/l 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.4 11 Zn mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 1.5 12 Total Coliform mg/l 3,500 3,200 3,100 2,900 2,700 2,300 2,500 7,500 13 E.Coli MPN/ 100ml 13 13 24 24 23 23 13 100 No Parameter Unit M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 1 pH - 6.81 7.15 7.18 6.77 6.91 7.0 7.16 5.5– 9 3 TSS mg/l 67.5 74.0 75.0 66.0 71.5 62.0 67.5 50 4 DO mg/l 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.3 ≥4 5 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 5 9 7 7 8 7 5 15 6 COD mg/l 15.2 19.6 17.4 18.2 18.2 17.4 15.2 30 7 Nitrate (by N) mg/l 2.8 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.5 2.3 2.7 10 8 PO43- mg/l 0.18 0.22 0.24 0.18 0.16 0.26 0.18 0.3 9 Cl- µg/l <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 350 10 Surfactant mg/l 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.4 11 Zn mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 1.5 12 Total Coliform mg/l 1,200 1,800 2,100 1,600 2,000 7,870 10,200 7,500 32 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province No Parameter Unit Result QCVN 08-MT: M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 2015/ BTNMT (Column B1) 13 E.Coli MPN/ 100ml 16 21 24 26 28 31 32 100 Vietnam Coordinate system Sample 2000 Location X Y M1 2151 550 583 640 The beginning point of Than canal, at the bridge crossing Than canal in Duc Thanh hamlet, Hai Hoa commune Than canal section passing through Dong Hai hamlet in Hai Hoa commune, where there is agricultural land of the M2 2151 024 583 708 commune M3 2150 553 583 475 Than canal section passing through Chay bridge in Hai Hoa commune M4 2149 398 583 573 Than canal section passing through Son Hai bridge in Binh Minh commune M5 2148 773 583 474 Than canal section passing through Do Be bridge in Binh Minh commune Than canal section in front of the saline controlled sluice which passes through Giai Kenh bridge in Binh Minh M6 2148 427 583 276 commune (construction area of the WWTP and dredging work of Than canal) M7 2146 874 581 439 Lach Bang river at the end point of the coastal road near hamlet 7 in Xuan Lam commune (high tide). M8 2146 874 581 439 Lach Bang river at the end point of the coastal road near hamlet 7 in Xuan Lam commune (low tide). Lach Bang river section near trade village in Hai Thanh commune and near construction are of the coastal road in M9 2146 682 582 529 Binh Minh commune (high tide) Lach Bang river section near trade village in Hai Thanh commune and near construction are of the coastal road in M10 2146 682 582 529 Binh Minh commune (low tide) M11 2146 476 582 319 Lach Bang river estuary to the East Sea (high tide) M12 2146 476 582 319 Lach Bang river estuary to the East Sea (low tide) M13 2151 943 581 489 Cau Trang canal section crossing with the access road to Hai Nhan communal People’s committee headquarter M14 2151 844 581 538 Sampling at Cau Trang canal section near the Cultural house of Dong Tam hamlet, Hai Nhan commune 33 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.2.3 Groundwater Quality Analyzing results on groundwater quality in Table 2.4 show that parameters in groundwater samples taken in the project area are within allowable limits in QCVN 09: 2015/BTNMT. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..10. Groundwater Quality No Parameter Unit Result QCVN 09-MT: NN1 NN2 NN3 NN4 NN5 NN6 NN7 NN8 NN9 NN10 2015/ BTNMT 1. pH - 7.40 7.42 7.41 7.48 7.42 7.49 7.40 7.46 7.45 7.40 5.5-8.5 2. Temporary mg/l 81.7 85.5 84.2 87.1 83.4 80.9 86.3 88.2 80.7 89.1 500 Hardness 3. TSS mg/l 165.5 170.0 166.5 168.0 171.5 169.5 170.5 168.5 166.0 165.5 - 4. COD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 - 5. Nitrite (NO3-) mg/l 0.21 0.23 0.18 0.18 0.22 0.23 0.28 0.17 0.21 0.25 1 6. CN- mg/l <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0015 <0.0015 0.01 7. Cadmium (Cd) mg/l <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 0.005 8. Mangan mg/l 0.12 0.15 <0.1 <0.1 0.19 0.17 0.15 <0.1 0.17 0.19 0.5 9. Chloride mg/l 19.8 17.9 18.8 18.2 18.6 18.5 19.0 18.9 19.1 18.7 250 10. Ferrous mg/l 1.20 1.21 1.26 1.25 1.17 1.01 1.19 1.11 1.25 1.31 5 11. E.Coli MPN/ KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 100ml Sample Coordinate system 2000 Location X Y N1 2154 519 584 210 Dug well water of household near the road to Ninh Hai beach and area for construction of tentative resettlement area in Son Hai hamlet, Ninh Hai commune N2 2154 438 584 223 Dug well water of household near the coastal road, Son Hai hamlet, Ninh Hai commune N3 2154 391 584 265 Dug well water of household near the coastal road, Thong Nhat hamlet, Ninh Hai commune N4 2151 434 584 412 Drilled well water of household near the coastal road, Dong Hai hamlet, Hai Hoa commune N5 2150 906 584 396 Drilled well water of household near the coastal road, Dong Trung hamlet, Hai Hoa commune N6 2149 067 583 355 Drilled well water of household near the coastal road, Dong Tien hamlet, Binh Minh commune N7 2147 852 582 690 Drilled well water of household near the coastal road, Quy Vinh hamlet, Binh Minh commune N8 2147 5531 582 299 Drilled well water of household near the coastal road, Thanh Khanh hamlet, Binh Minh commune N9 2148 085 582 377 Drilled well water of household near the coastal road in Thanh Dong hamlet, Binh Minh commune N10 2147 302 581 566 Drilled well water of household near the coastal road in hamlet 7, Xuan Lam commune 34 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.2.4 Wastewater Quality Analyzing results of wastewater samples are presented in Table 2.5 show that most of parameters are within allowable limits in QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, column B. However, concentration of BOD5 exceeds the standard from 3.8 to 4.4 times; TSS exceeds the standard from 1.71 to 2.5 times; Sulfur hydrogen (H2S) exceeds the standard from 2.05 to 3.1 times and Coliform exceeds the allowable limits from 1.9 to 2.9 times. These are due to discharge of wastewater from households and enterprises along Cau Trang canal before treatment or non-standard treatment. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..11. Wastewater Quality Parameter Unit Result QCVN 14: 2008/ BTNMT No NT1 NT2 NT3 NT4 (Column B) 1 Ph - 6.67 6.73 6.86 6.74 5.5– 9 3 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 210 220 200 190 50 4 TSS mg/l 250 278 235 171 100 5 TDS mg/l 365 372 313 268 1,000 6 Sulfur (by H2S) mg/l 9.2 8.2 12.4 12.4 4 7 NH4+ mg/l 2.3 1.4 1.4 2.7 10 8 Nitrate (NO3)- mg/l 15.1 11.4 11.0 13.2 50 9 Oil and grease µg/l 1.26 1.00 0.72 1.18 20 10 Surfactant mg/l 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 10 11 PO43- mg/l 3.5 2.3 2.0 3.8 10 Total Coliform mg/l 12 12,700 13,100 13,600 9,780 5,000 Sample Coordinate system 2000 Location X Y NT1 2151 019 581 595 The discharge point of Hung Phat restaurant to Cau Trang canal in Tinh Gia township NT2 2150 671 581 601 The discharge point of Thang Ai restaurant to Cau Trang canal in Tinh Gia township NT3 2150 478 581 587 The discharge point to Cau Trang canal, near primary school in Tinh Gia township NT4 2150 261 581 702 Discharge point of Nguyen Hung restaurant to Cau Trang canal in Tinh Gia township 35 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.2.5 Soil and Sediment Quality Soil quality data in the project area show that all samples have heavy metal contents are within allowable limits specified by National regulations QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..12. Soil Quality No Parameter Result QCVN 03- Unit D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 MT:2015/BTNMT 1 Cd mg/kg 1.25 1.30 1.21 1.28 1.24 1.25 1.31 1.23 1.33 1.35 1.5 2 Cu mg/kg 62.1 62.9 61.8 63.5 64.7 64.1 62.3 63.4 64.2 62.9 100 3 Pb mg/kg 7.7 7.5 7.3 8.1 8.3 7.8 6.9 7.5 7.6 7.3 70 4 Zn mg/kg 50.1 49.8 50.5 49.9 49.7 48.9 50.2 51.0 50.8 49.7 200 Vietnam Coordinate system 2000 Sample Location X Y D1 2155 047 584 094 Sampling at the construction site near the road to Ninh Hai beach near Hai Thanh sea D2 2154 500 584 136 Sampling at the construction site of the coastal road in Son Hai hamlet, Ninh Hai commune D3 2151 336 584 233 Sampling at the construction site of resettlement area in Ninh Hai commune D4 2148 981 583 483 Sampling at the construction site of the WWTP in Binh Minh commune D5 2148 930 582 299 Sampling at the construction site of the road connecting Binh Minh –Sao Vang in Binh Minh commune D6 2147 240 581 492 Sampling at the construction site of the coastal road in hamlet 7, Xuan Lam commune D7 2146 754 579 628 Sampling at the construction site in Xuan Lam commune D8 2147 707 581 982 Sampling at the construction site near the coastal road to Ninh Hai beach, near Hai Thanh sea D9 2146 813 581 152 Sampling at the construction site of the coastal road in Son Hai hamlet, Ninh Hai commune D10 2148 131 582 714 Sampling at the construction site of the resettlement area in Binh Minh commune Analyzing results on environmental parameters of sediment in Table 2.7 show that content of heavy metals like Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the sediment samples (for brackish water) is lower than the allowable limit in QCVN 43: 2012/BTNMT (National Technical Regulation on sediment quality, applied for saline and brackish water sediment). However, salinity in the sediment from the Than canal and Lach Bang are at around 5%o. 36 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..13. Sediment Quality QCVN QCVN Result 07:2009/B 43:2012/ TNMT Ctc No Parameter Unit BTNMT (mg/l) T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 1 Salinity %o 4.90 5.13 5.26 5.42 5.12 0.71 0.62 1.15 3.81 5.92 - - 2 Cd mg/kg 3.12 2.09 1.80 2.18 1.14 2.05 2.11 3.13 2.60 1.15 4.2 5 Copper 3 mg/kg 60.7 62.3 60.9 64.5 64.1 63.8 61.7 61.5 62.9 62.2 108 - (Cu) 4 Lead (Pb) mg/kg 8.7 5.5 6.3 8.1 8.3 6.8 5.9 7.5 6.6 7.3 112 15 5 Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 68.5 69.0 69.5 58.9 67.7 56.9 69.2 59.0 68.8 49.1 271 250 Sample Coordinate system 2000 Location X Y T1 2151 024 583 708 Than canal at the section passing Dong Hai hamlet, Hai Hoa commune, on the agricultural land near sampling location of NM2 T2 2149 398 583 573 Sampling at Than canal section at Son Hai bridge in Binh Minh commune near sampling location of NM4 T3 2148 773 583 474 Sampling at Than canal section at Do Be bridge in Binh Minh commune near the sampling location of NM5 T4 2151 024 583 708 Sampling at Than canal section at Do Be bridge in Binh Minh commune at the construction site of the WWTP T5 2149 398 583 573 Than canal section crossing with the access road to Hai Nhan communal People’s Committee headquarter and near NM13 T6 2148 773 583 474 Sampling at Cau Trang canal at the section passing through residential area KP 1 of Tinh Gia township T7 2148 794 583 518 Cau Trang canal at the section passing through residential area KP1 of Tinh Gia township, crossing with the access road to Tinh Gia district People’s committee headquarter T8 2151 943 581 489 Sampling at Cau Trang canal section near Cong bridge, Tinh Gia township T9 2150 793 581 607 Sampling at Cau Trang canal section crossing with Than canal in Binh Minh commune, near the sampling location of NM17 T10 2150 459 581 619 Sampling at Lach Bang river section crossing with Than canal 37 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 2.3.1 Terrestrial Biological Resources Thanh Hoa province has some forests and nature reserves located about more than 30 km from the suburban areas of the Tinh Gia sub-project. These includes the Ben En National Park (16,000 ha in Nhu Xuan, Nhu Thanh districts), Cuc Phuong National Park (the part in Thach Lam and Thanh My communes, Thach Thanh district), about 300 ha conservation area of Lauan meranti in Tam Quy commune, Ha Trung district, Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Xuan Nha. In addition, there are genetic conservation areas associated with historical-cultural relics such as Lam Kinh (Ironwood Forest Conservation), Ba Trieu Temple with pine trees (Trieu Loc commune, Hau Loc district), Ham Rong forest garden, botanical garden of Sam Son town. Thanh Hoa forests are mainly broad-leaved, evergreen trees, diversified in family and pecies, etc. There are rare timber trees like Chukrasia, Fokienia, agarwood. Group II trees are Cunninghamia, Erythrophleum fordii, Vatica, Madhuca pasquieri. Group III and IV trees are Magnolia dandyi, Menghundor, Pyinkado, White Meranti, etc. There are also trees like bamboo, Phyllostachys, Schizostachyum aciculare etc. in the forests and Daemonorops, Calamus, herbs and lacca etc. These forests and natural reserve areas are located over 30 km away from the areas of Tinh Gia Sub-project. In addition, in Tinh Gia district, there is Lam Dong mountain protection forest located in Truc Lam, Phu Lam and Phu Son communes, about 10 km west of the subproject area, which is over 5 thousand ha with low coverage of canopy. a. Flora in Tinh Gia District The majority of vegetation cover in the subproject areas (Tinh Gia district) is from garden and agricultural land. The garden has plant species such as jackfruit, longan, pomelo, banana, and some shady trees such as eucalyptus, casuarinas etc. Agricultural vegetation includes maize, peanut, sweet potato etc.. Along the construction area of the proposed Coast Road (Km 0 + 700 to Km 1 + 200) and at the end of the proposed Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach there are some production forest land most of which are Casuarina and acacia trees planted for timber under the management of local households. Tree density in this area is moderate, tree trunk about 3-4m high, diameter from 10-15cm and are harvested periodically for timber production. b. Fauna in Tinh Gia district There is no known rare, endangered or vulnerable species in the project area. There are diverse amphibians and reptiles in the area. There is only Rodentia species such as Muscaroli, Rattus argentiventer; Carnivora such as Suncus murinus and Chiroptera and birds. - There are also cattle (buffalo, cows, pigs, goats, etc.), poultry (chickens, ducks, etc.) fed by households. 2.3.2 Aquatic Biological Resources Phythoplankton are available in the river area and aquaculture ponds. The composition of phythoplankton is mainly: diatoms, cyanobacteria and algae. The project area is found to have richer algae than aquaculture ponds. The composition of the zooplankton consists of the following groups: protozoa, Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotatoria, Ostracoda and insect larvae. Among of which, the Rotatoria has a higher number of species and then the groups of Ostracoda and Cladocera. Other aquatic animals such as: shrimp, sardines, dDecapterus macrosoma and Ilisha elongata also exisst in subProject area. According to the result report on the survey and assessment of coastal mangroves to serve the sustainable development strategy of Thanh Hoa province up to 2020, headed by Prof. Pham Ngoc Ho, Director of Environmental Monitoring and Modeling 38 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Research Center – Vietnam National University, phythoplankton and zoobenthos at Lach Bang river estuary in Table 2.8. : Table Error! No text of specified style in document..14. Phytoplankton and Zoobenthic at Lach Bang River Estuary Phylum Species Unit Số lượng Bacillario phyta 74 Dino phyta 36 Chloro phyta 8 Algae Cyano bacteria 103 cells/litre 0 Eugleno phyta 0 Chryso phyta 0 Total 118 Naplius 15,000 Copepoda 57,500 Zoobenthos individual/m3 Rotatoria 7,500 Total 48,750 Dinophysis caudata 100 Poisonous algae Cell/litre Prorocentrum micans 150 In 2016, Environmental Technology Research and Transfer Center - Vietnam Association for Conservation of Nature and Environment took samples for quantitative analysis of zooplankton, phytoplankton and benthos at Bang river estuary, the results are in Table 2.9 as follows: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..15. Zooplankton at Lach Bang River Estuary Result (individual/m3) No Zooplankton M1 M2 M3 Rotatoria Monogononta 1 Ploimida 132,100 196,100 254,100 Arthropoda Crútacea 2 Cladocera 261,100 285,100 103,100 3 Copepoda 428,100 389,100 295,100 Total 821,100 870,100 652,100 (Source: Environmental Technology Research and Transfer Center- Vietnam Association for Conservation of Nature and Environment - October 2016) Through the survey, it was found that zoobenthos are generally concentrated at Bang river estuary and the coatal tidal areas, the density tends to decrease gradually from the shore, with diversity of Bivalvia and Polychaetes, providing an abundant source of shellfish spieces for aquaculture and a valuable food source for many other aquatic species. 39 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 2.4.1 Land Use Total natural land area of Tinh Gia is about 459 km², agricultural land accounts for large part as detailed in Table 2.10: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..16. Land Use in Tinh Gia District No. Type of land Area (ha) Natural area 45,829 1 Agricultural land 26,016 2 Non- Agricultural land 12,165 3 Unused land 7,648 Agricultural land area accounts for about 68% of total land area, in which: - Land for agricultural production mainly focuses in communes of Cac Son, Anh Son, Hung Son, Thanh Son, Thanh Thuy, Ngoc Linh, Truc Lam, Hai Nhan, Dinh Hai, Nguyen Binh. It will create advantages of centralized rice planning in the district and investment in technical infrastructure serving for rice regional development to ensure food security for the entire district and serving for development of processing industry and cattle-breeding. Land for crops mainly focuses on the area of some communes in Hai Ninh, Trieu Duong, Ngoc Linh, Hai Nhan, Nguyen Binh, Xuan Lam, Tung Lam, An Hai, Tan Dan, Hai Binh, Ninh Hai, Hai Hoa, Binh Minh, Tinh Hai, Hai Yen, Mai Lam, Phu Lam, Phu Son. The characteristics of land is suitable for main planting of peanuts, sesame seeds, sesame seeds, potatoes, soybeans, melons, sweet potatoes and fresh vegetables. - Land for ponds and aquaculture mainly focuses on the coastal communes. The land type is currently used for shrimp farming in the industrial and semi-industrial form. - Forestry land mainly focuses on the area of 13 communes: Tung Lam, Phu Lam, Phu Son, Dinh Hai, Tan Truong, Truong Lam, Hai Nhan, Nguyen Binh, Cac Son, Anh Son, Hung Son, Mai Lam, Truc Lam. The forestry land resource has been continuously helping Tinh Gia form paper industry of the province and cultivated area for fruit trees, cane material, combined with the development of raising cattle and poultry. - Non-agricultural land is mainly traffic road and irrigation work. Tinh Gia has two zones: The Northern zone with total 7,400 ha is urban, administrative, tourism, trading and service area and the Southern zone is the existing Nghi Son economic zone with an area of 18,600 ha, with key industrial sectors such as oil refinery, metallurgy, cement, seaport 2.4.2 Labor and Employment There are 250,784 people, belonging to the Kinh people and Thai ethnic groups, the Thai ethnic group is 1049 people, accounting for 4.01%. The number of people aged 15 and over is 133,740, accounting for over 60% of the total local population, which is the main income earner for the city. The structure of labor has changed toward industry and service, increased 4.25% compared to 2010. In 2014, 101,806 people are working in enterprises and factories with increasing rate of trained labor. 78.91% labor are working in non-agricultural sectors, accounting for over 60% of the total labor force in the district. The poverty rate of Tinh Gia district in 2016 was 13.34%. 40 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Poor household4 accounts for 13.34% in Tinh Gia district in 2016 Hai Hoa and Nguyen Binh are two communes in project area has percentage of poor households higher than that of the remaining communes, at 18% and 13.9%, respectively. Hai Thanh is the commune with the highest population density, even higher than Tinh Gia township. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..17. Household and Poverty Rate Number of Poverty Population No Location Unit Poor HH HH rate (%) growth rate 1 Nguyen Binh 9,048 2,262 314 13.9 0.65% 2 Hai Hoa 8,996 2,181 392 18% 1% 3 Binh Minh 6,616 1,480 133 9% 0.10% 4 Xuan Lam 8,705 1,741 264 13% 0.80% 5 Hai Thanh 18,252 3,650 447 0.122 1.20% 6 Ninh Hai 7,345 1,469 192 1.30% 1% 7 Tinh Gia township 6,690 1,338 54 3.80% 0.70% (Source: Draft of RP report, August 2017) 2.4.3 Economic Structure and Income The growth rate of district’s production value reaches 6.9% and 39% (including Nghi Son economic zone), of which agriculture, forestry and fishery increases 7.7%, industry - construction increases 48.8%, service increases 10%. The structure of agriculture, forestry and fisheries accounts for 7.5%; industry - construction accounts for 82.5%; services account for 10%. Compared with the whole province, Tinh Gia district has a higher proportion of industry- construction and lower proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishery. The specific comparison is shown in Table 2.12. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..18. Economic Condition of Thanh Hoa Province and Tinh Gia District Comparing parameter Tinh Gia district Thanh Hoa province Development rate 6.9% 9.05% Economic structure Agricture – Forestry – Fishery 7.5% 16.49% Industry – Construction 82.5%; 41.9% Service 10% 37.12% Although the agro-forestry-fishery only constributes 7.5% to the local economy, this sector has the highest percentage of working labor, accounts for about 57% of local laborforce in Tinh Gia district’s communes. In some communes such as Nguyen Binh, Binh Minh, Xuan Lam, Ninh Hai and Hai Nhan, agriculture and fishery is the main economic section with about 76% of the labor force. Some communes, such as Hai Thanh and Hai Binh, have fisheries and seafood processing and production as the main sectors, and a small proportion of the population working in tourism. Hai Hoa commune has Hai Hoa beach - the famous tourist place of Tinh Gia district; At present, 4 Multi-dimensional poverty criteria 41 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province the number of tourists increases every year. Hai Hoa's tourism revenue is estimated at 20% of the total revenue of the commune. People’s living standard has improved significantly over the years. This is reflected in the annual per capita income index. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..19. Tinh Gia District’s Annual Income Per Capita Year Annual income per capita (thousand VND) 2013 17,320 2014 19,420 2015 25,870 2016 28,798 People in the project area have rather stable occupation with 20% are freelance with seasonal jobs, 41% are farmers, 17% are factory workers, 11% living on traditional fishery and the rest are living on employee, trading and service. Households doing business concentrate mostly in Hai Thanh and Hai Hoa communes (Figure 2.3). 20.0% 41% 5% 6% 17% 11% Farmer Fishing Worker Government staff Business Other Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..4: Occupational Structure of Affected Households Notably, the rate of female workers is higher than male worker, accounts for 67% and 23%, respectively. The reason is the existing garment and footwear factories in the project area attracts female workers. The rate of students is quite high, accounts for 30% of the town’s population, and about 1% are elderly and dependent children. This is one of the reasons that lead to unstable balance between household income and expenditure as discussed below. Socio-economic Survey Results on Household Income and Expenditure of Affected Households at The Project Area: Almost 60% of households have income sources from wages, which indicates that all households which have member at the working age are working in the paid labor market to be workers, hired labors, civil servants. However, the average number of person in each household with income from wages is small, only 0.81 person per household. The remaining members of households have unstable income from livestock, farming, fishery or opening small shops in local markets. The average income of surveyed households is about 121 million VND/household/year, The prevailing income level is around 68 million per year per household, much lower than average income. The average expenditure of surveyed households is about 87 million VND per household. 42 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.4.4 Housing Condition By end of 2015, permanent and semi-permanent in Tinh Gia district accounted for 71.3% of total houses. Average accommodation area for each person is 16.13 m2/person. Socio-economic survey shows that most of the project’s affected households are living in permanent houses, and there is no temporary houses /grade 4 house. 2.4.5 Healthcare At present, 19/19 communes have medical stations equipped with basic facilities. In addition, many private healthcare facilities are also invested. In 2014 only, there were 85 facilities registered to operate. With modern equipment and skilled medical staffs, they have ensured to meet the health care needs of district’s people, reduce number of patients going to higher level treatment facilities and reduce other social costs. In Tinh Gia district, there is a 200-bed general hospital (serving 265 beds in practice) which serves the needs of medical examination and treatment and health care for local people as well as patients from neighboring areas. Currently, the 500-bed Nghi Son General Hospital project is being invested and its completion will ensure to meet the city’s and region’s increasing demand fo r high-quality medical care, meeting the higher-level urban standards. According to statistics of the health department, in 2015, Tinh Gia district served 459 beds with an average of 2.02 beds per 1000 people. In general, people in the subproject area has quite convenience to access to medical services. Average distance to commune/township health centers is nearly 1-2 km and district hospital about 4-6 km. The system of private clinics and pharmacies also increase access to health care for the affected community. According to the report of the health sector in Tinh Gia district, preventive medicine is assured, the plans for prevention of seasonal diseases such as measles, cholera, hand - foot - mouth, dengue fever, zika ...have been developed and implemented. There was no major disease outbreaking in the year. 44 cases of foot-and-mouth disease, 2 cases of measles, 09 cases of chickenpox and 08 cases of dengue fever were recorded. Surveyed households also showed no cases of environmental-borne infectious diseases. 2.4.6 Cultural and Sport There are 03 urban stadiums, a gymnasium, 08 tennis courts, 7 badminton courts at cultural houses and mixed pitches in the area of the expanded Tinh Gia township. Most of the communes have volleyball and soccer fields and 02 clubs. There are 31 national monuments (Dao Duy Tu Temple, Duke Le Dinh Chau Temple, Ngoc Linh Commune ...) and 28 provincial relics, 25 historical and cultural relics, 3 monuments (Truong Lam cave, Bien Son scenic complex, Quang Trung- Lach Bang scenic complex), 01 revolutionary relics (Tan Dan) and 2 architectural relics (Le Dinh Chau relic in Ngoc Linh commune, sculpture stone in Phuc Long pagoda, Hai Ninh commune). Destinations such as Quang Trung - Lach Bang (Hai Thanh) scenic area, Bien Son (Nghi Son) relic complex, Truong Lam cave…are attracting more and more visitors. Some relics have been attractive destinations for local people and visitors for spiritual life, such as Am Cac pagoda (Dinh Hai); Khanh Trach Temple - Thien Vuong pagoda (Binh Minh); Da Ngang Stone Temple; Dac Tien Pagoda (Hai Thanh). These historical and cultural sites are located about 2km far from project areas. 43 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.4.7 Education and Training There is one vocational college, 1 centre for continuing education, 4 schools (1 primary school and 3 high schools), 20 primary schools, 19 kindergartens and private-owned kindergartens, 1 political nourishing centre available in Tinh Gia. 2.4.8 Trade, Service and Tourism There are markets and shopping malls like Hai Binh, Thuong Hai markets in Hai Thanh commune, township market and 1 supermarket. These markets and malls are over 1km from project construction area. By the end of 2014, there were 37 hotels and motels, tourism season is from May to September annually. 2.4.9 Transport External transport: The subproject area has 9.6 km of National Highway 1A (NH1A) runs North-South. It is 14 m wide asphalted road. The road of Cong town to Hai Hoa beach is 3 km long, 5.5-7.0m wide. The Nghi Son to Bai Tranh road with 56 Km long. In addition, the project area also has a road running along the coastal line connecting road 513 to Nghe An, the road from Nghi Son EZ linking to Tho Xuan airport. The national railway crosses over extended Tinh Gia town with 03 stations, in which Khoa Tuong station is expected to expand to be the central station. Waterway: breakwater in Nghi Son Port has been built; Port No.1; 2; 3; 4; 5. Construct fishing ports, Lach Bang storm harbor; Build port for Nghi Son thermal power plant and dredge lane for 50.000 DWT ships and boats to Nghi Son port. Projects are continued to construction: upgrade and expand road 513: North South 2 road; North south 1B; East-West 4 road (section from NH1A to the North-South route); road entering into the waste landfill; road entering into Tinh Gia district; East-West 4 road (section from 513 road to Nghi Son Port) and West-East 1 road (stage 1). 44 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Boundary of Tinh Gia area Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..5: Transport System in the Project Area 2.4.10 Water Supply There are several water supply plants in Tinh Gia district including The plant that takes raw water from Yen My lake then to Dong Chua lake, the Binh Minh water supply plant with capacity of 35,000m3/day, the Long Hai water supply with capacity of 1,500 m3/day and the Nguyen Binh water supply plant capacity of 2,800m3/day. These plants mainly supply water for Nghi Son Economic Zone and some central areas of Tinh Gia town. For the remaining project area (seven communes), surveyed results show that, most of households have dug wells; In recent years, households have begun to use bored wells. Very few households use rainwater because dug wells and bored wells already meet the household's water needs. Some households living adjacent to NH1A, Tinh Gia township, tourism areas and densely populated areas have been connected to tap water, however, the rate is not high (about 4% of the overall project site). 2.4.11 Drainage Drainage in the area is mainly gravitational natural drainage flowing from the west to the east. In the urban center, there are three main canals for the drainage including Than, Cau Trang and Cau Hung canals. Than River (or Than canal) is a man-made river in the Le dynasty (in the 17th century), it is the North-South waterway (from Yen River to Lach Bang River) and serves for irrigation of a half 45 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province of Tinh Gia district, including 14 communes (inclusive of 03 communes in the district central area: Ninh Hai, Hai Hoa, Binh Minh), the East of the city with 6.691ha basin. The proposed dredging section of Than canal is 5km, from Mai bridge to Do Be bridge. There are agricultural land and abandoned ponds with bushes, grass along two banks of Than canal. The Than canal intersects with Lach Bang river at Ben Ngao salinity control sluice gate, 2 km from Do Be bridge toward the downstream (the ending point of the dredging and embankment of the sub project). Than canal (Hang bridge) Than canal (Do Be bridge) The Cau Trang canal is a dead-end canal originating from Hai Nhan Commune, the last intersection with the Than Canal. Cau Trang Canal is 6 km long, crossing central area of the city is the main irrigation canal for Cong town and part of Hai Nhan, Nguyen Binh, Binh Minh commune; the drainage canal for entire the Western part of the city, collecting water from flooding-preventing ditches on the foot of Am mountain. The drainage in areas along canal sides is poor because there are many broken parts on canal banks, grasses and water hyacinth on the canal bed, inhibiting the flow; about 70% of canal bed is clay-sand-soil content which is prone to be deposited and slide; some bridge made by the local residents narrow down the cross section for flooding drainage; some sections have been leveling into canal bed to plant trees; irrigation culverts along the canal is damaged and deteriorated concrete-round culvert, box culvert, brick arch culvert and RC capped stone. The Cau Hung canal (or Cau Hung stream) is originated from Yen My lake and Lam Dong protection forest in Truc Lam, Phu Lam and Phu Son communes, Tinh Gia district. It is far from about 10 km of the subproject area. Cau Trang canal (across the town) Cau Trang canal (through agricultural land) The drainage basin in the central area of Tinh Gia is shown in Figure 2.4: Basin 1: Covering 3,669.4 ha of the entire western part of the North-South railway. Rainwater is stored in Ao Quan lake, Khe Mieu reservoir, Khe Chan lake, Khe Dau lakes and drains via streams such as Cau Hung, Khe Chan and Khe Dau streams to discharge to Bang river. Basin 2: Covering 960 ha, including Hai Nhan commune, Tinh Gia township, Nguyen Binh, Binh Minh and an eastern part of the North South railway and NH1A. Rainwater is discharged via Cau Trang canal to 46 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Than canal and toward Bang river. Basin 3: Covering 1,118.1 ha, including Ninh Hai, Hai Hoa and Binh Minh communes. Rainwater drains via Than canal and discharges to Bang river. NH1A Boundary of the Basin 2: F= 960 ha district’s central area Q= 11.9 m3/s Cau Trang canal East Sea Than canal Ao Quan lake Basin 3: F= 1118 ha Q= 86.7 m3/s Chan stream Basin 1: F= 3669 ha Hung bridge stream Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..6: Drainage basin in central area of Tinh Gia district 2.4.12 Environmental Sanitation Solid waste collection and treatment: The waste treatment plant with capacity of 250 tons/day in Truong Lam commune has been operating, meeting the demands on solid waste treatment and serving for the demands of extended Tinh Gia town. However, the domestic collection waste service remains inadequate. Rapid urban development and people’s limited awareness contribute to limitations in environmental sanitation conditions. Wastewater collection and treatment: In Hai Hoa, residential areas are scatterly distributed and there are some hotels (about 7 hotels with 15-20 rooms on average), and some small restaurants (mostly located at wrong place) so the volume of waste water is not large; Majority of the wastewater is treated by septic tank and natural drainage.Planning forthis area has been under preparation. Hai Thanh area has a large population, waste water is treated through septic tanks and self-draining. On the other hand, there is no household infrastructure so it it difficult to construct centralized wastetwater collection system. Nguyen Binh residential area is a resettlement site for the Nghi Son EZ project, so wastewater collection and treatment system for this area is studied and invested by Nghi Son EZ. The center of Tinh Gia township has population of over 6,000 people, waste water in this area is collected in the combined sewers 47 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province and discharged to Cau Trang canal, causing environmental pollution, affecting the lives of people along the canal banks. Cemetery: Tinh Gia district’s cemetery project (stage 1) and other cemeteries for communes are completed and put into operation. 2.5 SITE-SPECIFIC BASELINE CONDITIONS 2.5.1 Coastal Road from Ninh Hai Beach to Lach Bang 2 Bridge The proposed new road has L = 10km, B= 27m. The route passes four communes including Ninh Hai, Hai Hoa, Binh Minh and Xuan Lam. Some notable characteristics on current status along the road alignment are presented in Table 2.14: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..20. Site-Specific Conditions Along the Coastal Road Location Picture Description Section 1: The start point of the road is cultivation land of Start point intersecting Ninh Hai commune. with the planned The left-hand side of the road start-point is coastal road adjacent to production forest of Ninh Hai (Km 0+00) commune. About 50m from construction area Le Van ancestral This is the temple for worshiping Le Van’s temple ancestry. Worshiping activities happen (Km 0+500) particularly on the first day and 15th day of every solar month. Agricultural land area Land for cultivation of rice and crops (corn, (Km 0+100 to Km peanut) of Ninh Hai commune 0+600) Residential area along the road, Ninh Hai There are about 50 households, belonging to commune Ninh Hai commune. (Km 0+600 Km 10 - 100 m from the construction area. 1+100) This kindergarten belongs to Ninh Hai commune including 20 classrooms, guard Kindergarten Ninh house, yard and fence with total area of 500 m2. Hai commune There are 30 teachers and 400 pupils. (Km 1+150) School time is 7h-7h30; 11h-11h30; 13h- 13h30; 16h30 - 17h30 every weekday. At about 200 m from the construction area. 48 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Residential area (Km 1+150 to Km Residential area of about 200 households. 1+300) Distance from construction area: 10 - 100 m - Provincial historical relic, for worshiping General Truong Cong family’s members. Distance from construction Xuan relic (Km area: 50 m 1+300) - Provincial historical relic, for worshiping General Pham Van family’s members. Doan relic (Km - Distance from construction area: 50 m 1+500) Agricultural land area Land for cultivation of rice and crops (corn, (Km 1+300 to Km peanut…) of Ninh Hai commune, Tinh Gia 1+700) district. Residential area (Km 1+700 to Km It is the living area of about 100 households. 1+900) Distance from construction area: 10 - 100 m Agricultural land area Land for cultivation of rice and crops (corn, (Km 1+900 to Km peanut…) of Ninh Hai commune, Tinh Gia 2+400) district. Residential area (Km 2+400 to Km It is the living area of about 200 households. 2+900) Distance from construction area: 10 - 100 m. Agricultural land area Land for cultivation of rice and crops (corn, (Km 2+900 to Km peanut…) of Ninh Hai and Hai Hoa 3+500) communes, Tinh Gia district. 49 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Residential area It is the living area of about 50 Hai Hoa (Km 3+500 to Km commune’s households 2+700) Distance from construction area: 10 - 100 m Agricultural land area Land for cultivation of rice and crops (corn, (Km 3+900 to Km peanut…) of Hai Hoa commune, Tinh Gia 4+600) district. Residential area It is the living area of about 60 households of (Km 4+600 to Km Hai Hoa, Binh Minh communes. 4+900) Distance from construction area: 10 - 100 m Agricultural land area Land for cultivation of rice and crops (corn, (Km 5+00 to Km peanut…) of Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia 5+600) district. Son Hai bridge: reinforced concrete bridge, B=21m, Construct Son Hai bridge crossing Than canal L=90m. in Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia district (Km 5+300) End point section 1: Intersecting with the Start point of Do Be connecting with the bridge, Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia district Start point of Do Be bridge (Km 5+640) Start point Section 2: Intersecting with the Start point of Do Be Start point of Do Be bridge, Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia district bridge (Km 5+640) Residential area It is living area of about 30 households of Binh (Km 5+640 to Km Minh commune. 6+00) Distance from construction area: 10 - 100 m 50 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Agricultural land area along the route Land for cultivation of rice and crops (corn, peanut…) of Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia (Km 6+00 to Km district. 7+600) Khanh pagoda is located in Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia district. Khanh Pagoda This is a Buddhist pagoda where local people come to organize worshiping activities, (Km 7+900) particularly on the first day and 15th day of every solar month. Distance from construction area: 30m. Agricultural land area along the route Land for cultivation of rice and crops (corn, peanut…) of Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia (Km 7+900 to Km district. 9+700) Residential area Is living area of nearly 30 households in Xuan (Km 9+700 to Km Lam commune. 10+00) Distance from construction area: 10 - 100 m Intersecting with the start point of Lach Bang 2 bridge, Xuan Lam commune, Tinh Gia End point Section 2: district. Start point Lach Bang Lach Bang 2 bridge is under the construction 2 bridge (Km 5+640) phase. 2.5.2 Binh Minh Road to Sao Vang Road – Nghi Son Economic Zone The proposed road has L = 2.08km, B= 26.5 m passes two communes namely Binh Minh and Nguyen Binh. Some notable characteristics on current status along the road alignment are presented in Table 2.15. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..21. Site-Specific Conditions along Binh Minh Road to Sao Vang Road Location Picture Description Start point intersecting with NH 1A Is the intersection of NH1A with the planned road. Traffic density on NH1A is rather high. (Km 0+00) 51 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Nguyen Binh petroleum station is under Nguyen Binh management of Thanh Hoa Petroleum Petroleum station Company, serving about 200 vehicles/days. (Km 0+050) Distance from construction area: 30 m Agricultural land area At present, this land is rice field and crops filed (Km 0+050 to Km of people in Nguyen Binh commune, Tinh Gia 1+000) district. There are about 20 graves of Binh Minh Cemetery commune’s people. (Km 1+000 to 1+080) Distance from construction area: 50 m Residential area This is living area of about 20 households in (Km 1+080 to Km Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia district 1+200) Distance from construction area: 50 - 200 m Agricultural land area At present, this land is rice field and crops filed (Km 1+200 to Km of people in Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia 2+080) district. End point intersecting with Ninh Hai road to End point intersecting with Ninh Hai road to Lach Bang 2 bridge Lach Bang 2 bridge (Km 2+080) 2.5.3 Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads Currently, the existing approach roads has a total length L = 491 m, B= 27 m. The bridge has B=15m, L=70m. The road and approach roads are narrow, degraded and the bridge to Hai Thanh commune is degraded, not safe for use. The route passes two communes of Hai Thanh and Binh Minh. Some notable characteristics on current status of the construction area are presented in Table 2.16. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..22. Existing Lan Use Along Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads Location Picture Description Start point intersecting The road connects with inter-communal with the coastal road, Binh Minh – Hai Thanh road, Tinh Gia section from Ninh Hai- district Lach Bang 2 bridge 52 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description There are 20 households living along 2 sides of road and bridge side in Hai Thanh Residential area and Binh Minh communes. Distance from nearest resident’s house to construction site is 10 m. Thuong Hai petroleum station is located in Thuong Hai Petroleum Hai Thanh commune, serving about 100 station vehicles/day. 30m from construction site Start point intersecting The intersection between the approach road with Hai Thanh inter- and Hai Thanh inter-communal road. communal road 2.5.4 The Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach The route has L = 815 m, B= 27 m, passes two communes namely Ninh Hai and Hai Hoa. Some notable characteristics on current status along the road alignment are presented in Table 2.17. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..23. Site-Specific Conditions along NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach Road Location Picture Description Intersection with NH 1A The start point of the route is intersection with NH1A, which has rather high traffic density. (Km 0+00) This residential area is within Ninh Hai and Binh Minh communes, with about 10 Residential area households. (Km 0+000 to 0+100) Nearest distance from resident’s house to the construction site is 10 m. Cemetery There are about 50 graves of Binh Minh commune’s residents, about 50m from (Km 0+100 to 0+200) construction site 53 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Agricultural land area This is agricultural land for rice and crops of (Km 0+200 to Km Ninh Hai residents. 0+700) The end point intersecting with Ninh Hai beach. End of the route (Km About 50 - 100m far from the construction site 1+200) is some production forest which has been allocated to people’s management. 2.5.5 The Than Canal At present, the Than canal section proposed for being dredged has earth embankment thus the canal has been sedimented and subject to landslide on the embankment. The canal section to be rehabilitated (L = 5 km, B = 25.5m) passes three communes including Ninh Hai, Hai Hoa and Binh Minh. Some notable current areas are presented in Table 2.18: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..24. Site-Specific Conditions along Than Canal Location Picture Description The intersection with the canal at Ninh Hai Start at Mai bridge commune has been concretize, Than canal (Km 0+00) route will connect with this completed canal section. Agricultural land (rice, crops) At present this is land for cultivation of rice and crops of residents in Ninh Hai, Hai Hoa, (Km 0+00 to Km Binh Minh communes, Tinh Gia district. 5+00) Is the end point of the planned route to Do Be End point intersecting bridge in Binh Minh commune, Tinh Gia with Do Be bridge district. 54 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.2.6 Cau Trang Canal The existing canal has L = 5.7 km, B = 3 to 6m. There are some bridges constructed by local people on some canal sections. The canal passes four communes of Hai Nhan, Nguyen Binh, Binh Minh and Tinh Gia township. Some notable features are presented in Table 2.19: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..25. Site-Specific Conditions along Cau Trang Canal Location Picture Description Start point: intersecting At present, the beginning area of the route is with NH1A planned agricutlrual land for rice and crops in Hai bypass in Hai Nhan Nhan commune, Tinh Gia district commune - About 50m from the construction area (Km 0+00) Agricultural land area Agricultural land area along the canal in Hai (Km 0+000 to Km Nhan commune, Tinh Gia district. 2+000) There are about 100 households living in the residential areas along 2 canal banks. The bridge crossing the canal is located within the Tinh Gia township residential area. residential area -About 30 - 100 m from the construction (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00) area. This is the kindergarten of Tinh Gia township. Daily school time is: 7h-7h30; Township kindergarten 11h-11h30; 13h-13h30; 16h30 - 17h30 on (Km 2+900) week days. The kindergarten is about 50m from the construction area. The residential area along 2 canal banks, with Tinh Gia township about 30 households, 30 - 100 m distanced residential area from the construction site. (Km 3+00 to Km 3+500) Intersection with NH1A at Cong bridge Intersecting of the NH1A with the planned road. Traffic density is rather high. (Km 3+100) 55 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Agricultural land area Agricultural land area along the canal banks, (Km 3+500 to Km belonging to Tinh Gia township and Binh 6+720) Minh commune, Tinh Gia district. End point intersecting with Than canal, Binh End point of the route Minh commune, Tinh Gia district. (Km 6+720) 2.2.7 Wastewater Treatment Plant The proposed wastewater treatment plant is located in Nguyen Binh commune, Tinh Gia district. The site is currently agricultural land, far from residential area. Some notable features of the current status are presented in Table 2.20: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..26. Site-Specific Conditions at the Wastewater Treatment Plant Location Picture Description The land area for Agricultural land (for rice and crops) in Binh construction of the Minh commune, Tinh Gia district. treatment plant Construction of Location: Cong bridge on Cau Trang canal booster pumping bank station 26m3/h Construction of Location: intersection between Binh Minh – booster pumping Sao Vang route and Cau Trang canal station 50m3/h The receiving body of effluent after treatment Effluent receiving is Than Canal section near Do Be bridge/ point before the salinity sewer. 56 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.2.8 Resettlement Sites Table Error! No text of specified style in document..27. Site-Specific Conditions at the Resettlement Sites Location Picture Description Resettlement The rice-field and crop land area site 1: Thong (peanut, corn…) in Ninh Hai Nhat hamlet - commune. Ninh Hai commune, 1.5 About 100-150m from Ninh Hai ha commune residential area Resettlement site 2: Ron A vacant land area which has field- Hai Hoa been leveled and is under 0.5 ha management of Hai Hoa communal people’s committee. About 50-100m from residential area Resettlement Agricultural land of some site 3: Cao households in Cao Thang 3 Thang 3 - hamlet, Nguyen Binh commune. Nguyen Binh About 100m from the residential 0.5 ha area A vacant land area in Binh Minh commune with majority of Resettlement vegetation as weeds and bushes. site 4: Ray This is husbandry grazing area Kenh - Binh (buffalo, cow) of local people. Minh 1.5 ha About 150-200m distanced from Than canal and residential area Watershed area of Van Xuan 8 hamlet, under management of Xuan Lam communal People’s Committeee. It is adjoining North-South 2 Resettlement road (Bac Nam 2) which has site 5: Van been completed. This location is Xuan 8 - Binh very convenient for Minh 0.5 ha. transportation of material during operation and construction process. It is about 100m distanced from the nearest residential area 57 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 2.2.9 Borrow Pits and Quarries Table Error! No text of specified style in document..28. Current Status of some Existing Quarries Location Picture Description - The quarry is located in Truong Lam commune, managed and operated by Tan Thanh 6 Company. The company has permit No. 440/GP-UBND issued by Thanh Hoa PPC on Truong Lam 28/11/2014. quarry, Tinh - The quarry meets the environmental requirements (see Gia district annex on due diligence review). - Reserve: 2,414,452 m3, located at 600 m to the east of NH 1A, 10 km away from the nearest project site. - The pit is owned and managed by Duc Minh Company. - The mine operation meets the environmental requirements (see annex on due diligence review). Phu Lam - The borrow pit has Permit No. 140/GP-UBND on borrow pit, exploitation and land rental issued by Thanh Hoa PPC on Tinh Gia 17/4/2014. district - Reserve: 1,200,000 m3, the pit is 5 km far from the NH1A to the East, material is transported along Xuan Lam - Phu Son interprovincial road, 10.5 km from the project site. - The sand mine is managed and operated by Thuy Son Trading and Service JSC. - The mine operation meets the environmental requirements. Ham Rong - The mine has Permit No. 3350/QD-UBND on approval the sand mine, planning on exploration and use of sand and gravel Ham Rong resources on the rivers of Thanh Hoa province, issued by ward, Thanh Thanh Hoa PPC on 5/11/2007. Hoa city - Reserve: 2,000,000 m3, The mine is 5 km from NH 1A, 35 km from the project site along NH1A, thus the supply and transportation of stone for construction is ensured. 2.2.10 Disposal Sites Table Error! No text of specified style in document..29. Existing Conditions at Disposal Sites Disposal site Picture Description For Excavated Materials - The disposal site is in front of the headquarter of 1. The Xuan Lam Communal People's Committee disposal site is - Distance: 10 - 15 Km. located in - Transport route: Along NH1A Xuan Lam - The storage capacity is about 300,000 m3. commune, - This is currently vacant land, 200m from the nearest Tinh Gia residential house, 500m from NH1A; Currently the district site is in need of leveling. 58 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Disposal site Picture Description 2. The - The disposal site is in next to the provincial road disposal site is DT512, 12 to 15 km from the construction sites. located in - Transport route: Along NH1A Tuong Son - The storage capacity is about 250,000 m3. commune, - This is currently vacant land, need of leveling, more Tinh Gia than 500m from the nearest residential house. district 3. The - The disposal site is in next to Bach Lang bridge disposal site is with distance of 3km. located in Mai - Distance: 10 - 15 Km. Lam - Transport route: North - South No.2 road --> NH1A commune, - The storage capacity is about 20,000 m3. Tinh Gia - This is currently a small pond, need of leveling, district more than 100m from the nearest residential house. Disposal Site for Dredged Material from Than and Cau Trang canals: - The disposal site is near the salinity control sluice (Ben Ngao sluice) – at the estuary area of Lach Bang river – Binh Minh commune. This is the (1) The disposal site of Lach Bang port project with area of disposal site about 3.7ha. under the - Distance from the disposal site to the canal salinity dredging area is 3 - 8 km; The main transportation control sluice route is Binh Minh inter-communal road. (Ben Ngao - Capacity of about 100,000 m3 sluice) - The disposal site is near the Lach Bang River which was saline as reflected in the monitoring results of Thanh Hoa DoNRE with a salinity on surface water of about 25-28%o. - The disposal site is 100m from Do Be bridge with area of about 4.5ha of abandoned land. The distance (2) The from the disposal site to the dredging area of Than disposal site, and Cau Trang canals is 0.5 - 5 km. 100m from - The main transportation route is Binh Minh inter- Do Be bridge communal road. The disposal site’s capacity is about 67,500 m3 (corresponding to the discharge height of about 1.5 m). Disposal Site for Domestic solid waste and hazadous wastes: 59 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Disposal site Picture Description - Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and Domestic hazardous waste of Nghi Son Environment JSC in solid waste / Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district. sludge - Average distance to project areas: 20 km. Total land area available for disposal: 30 ha 60 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province CHAPTER 3 -ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT The Tinh Gia Subproject consists of two main components: b) Component 1: Improvement and Construction of Urban Technical Infrastructure; and c) Component 2: Technical Assistance Component 1 involves some civil works as shown in Figure 3.1 while Component 2 only involves technical assistance. 4 1 6 6 5 6 7 3 2 6 1 Cảng Note: Nghi Sơn 1. Coastal road 2.Binh Minh – Sao vang road 3 Improvement of Do Be bridge and Road in two beidge head 4. National Highway 1A– Ninh Hai beach 5. Than canal 6. Cau Trang canal 7. WTP Proposed roadline Proposed canal Main traffic road Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..7: Proposed Activities of Tinh Gia Sub-project Under Component 1, the main civil work to be provided/rehabilitated includes: (i) Construction of 9.8 km new coastal road from Ninh Hai – Lach Bang 2; (ii) Construction of 2 km new road from Binh Minh road to Sao Vang-Nghi Son economic zone; 61 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province (iii) Rehabilitation and upgradation of the Do Be bridge and access roads; (iv) Construction of 815m new road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach; (v) Dredging and rehabilitation of 5 km of the Than canal; (vi) Dredging and Rehabilitation of 5.7 km of the Cau Trang canal; and (vii) Construction of a wastewater collection and treatment system capacity 500 m3/day; and (viii) Construction of infrastructure for total 4.5 ha resettlement areas (5 RSs). 3.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS Overall, the subproject would bring about significant positive socio-environmental impacts. Construction contracts would help to create casual short term job and additional incomes for local people during construction phase. Once the subproject is completed and the listed facilities are put into operation, the subproject area would be benefited greatly. The new and improved infrastructure and services would help to improve living conditions of local people, contribute to promote sustainable socio-economic development in the area. Environmental sanitation conditions would be significantly improved after the existing polluted canals are dredged, domestic wastewater are collected and treated before being discharged into the environment. Therefore, public health risks related to water- born diseases would be reduced. Public nuisance related to the polluted canals or untreated domestic wastewater would be addressed, the town’s landscape would be improved, these would contribute to improvement of people’s living standard. Dredging of canals would help to improve drainage capacity, reducing flooding risks and related public health and safety issues. The subproject would also be an opportunity to raise local people’s awareness on environmental protection by the new or improved facilities combined with environmental communication campaigns. Investments on urban transport infrastructure will strengthen the connectivity among areas in the town. The new roads in urban areas will facilitate transportation of goods, save transportation time, reduce traffic pressure thus reducing emissions from vehicles in the urban areas. In addition, the implementation of the project helps to achieve the outputs as follows: - Reduce economic losses on the basis of reduced area of flooding and inundation time. - Reduce traffic jams and traffic accident risks. - Increase urban competitiveness when urban environment is improved: investing in wastewater collection and treatment system helps improve urban environment and public health. - Increase the land value with synchronous infrastructure system. - Increase production efficiency thanks to favorable infrastructure; reduce travel time between production and residential areas. Attract skillful workers from other provinces. - Respond to climate change, natural disasters, storms, floods. In brief, with synchronous investment of the project, Tinh Gia district will recieve positive changes and more beautiful urban landscape; sustainable environment; convenient movement between the area and surrounding areas; contribute to promote trade-serivces, create stable environment for attracting domestic and foreign investment, thereby creating drive for comprehensive development from economics, culture to educaiton. Living conditions of people are enhanced leading to significant improvement of economic, increasing GDP. 62 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND RISKS There will be some potential negative environmental and social impacts and risks during the pre-construction, construction and operation of the facilities provided under Component 1. These potential negative impacts and risks are classified as below: Significant Impacts (S) - Impacts on large land areas, important areas, or changes in environmental conditions in a period of more than two years; - Impacts exceeding permitted standards and regulations. Long-term and large-scale impacts; - Changes in ecological systems, impacts on ecological systems of large areas, or medium impacts (lasting for more than two years) yet required recovery period of the affected ecological systems is ten years; - Impacts on health of people; - Economic losses and damages to the sub-project nearby people and communities; - Potential significant social and environmental impacts which can only be controlled and mitigated if proper mitigation measures are implemented. Medium Impacts (M) - Impacts on large areas for a period from six months to two years; - Changes in ecological systems or ecological functions at the localities in a short time and recovery capacity is good. The impact levels are similar to current changes yet such impacts can have a cumulative effect; - Impacts might (or might not) affect people’s health, causing impacts on persons in the surrounding areas; - Impacts are medium, localized and temporary and mitigation measures should be carried out. Low Impacts (L) - Social and environmental impacts that cause significant changes in less than six months or medium changes for a period of less than two years; - Impacts are within permitted standards and regulations, causing minor changes at present. Impacts are fully controlled; - Impacts that might affect daily activities yet not cause any obstruction to communities; - Insignificant impacts on health and living standards of people; - Impacts are minor, localized, and can be neglected. No Impacts (N) - Impacts that are unrecognizable or cannot be identified yet such impacts can also be caused by daily activities; - No social and environmental impacts.Types and scope of negative potential environmental impacts and risks are classified in Table 3.1 63 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..30. Level of Negative Impacts of Tinh Gia Subproject Component Physical aspects Biological aspects Soci aspects Others Air, Soil, Solid Forest, Fish, Land Indigenous Physical Livelihood, Local Off-site noise, water waste, natural aquatic acquisition people cultural community flooding, impacts vibration dredged ecosystem species and resources disturbance traffic, material resettlement safety Sub-Component 1.1. Coastal road from Ninh Hai –Lach Bang 2 Bridge: L = 9.8 km, B = 27 to 36 m, design speech V = 60 km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel is included. Son Hai bridge will be built on this road, L = 50.15m, B = 29m. Pre-construction N N N N N M N N L N L Construction S M M N L N N N M S L Operation L N L N N N N N N L L Remark 381 PAHs, of which 85 PAHs have to relocate; 15,7078m2 agricultural land and 18,180m2 residential land would be acquired. Impacts on PCRs; Impact on agricultural land. Sub-component 1.2. Construct road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang road –Nghi Son EZ: Construction of new asphalt concrete road; L = 2.1 km, B = 26.5 m. Design speed V = 60km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel is included. Pre-construction N N N N N L N L N N N Construction L L M N L N N L L L L Operation L N L N N N N N L L L Remark 387 PAHs, of which 30 PAHs have to relocate; 89,843m2 agricultural land and 38,870m2 residential land are acquired. Impact on transportation of QL1A; Impact on local people’ business; Impact on agricultural land; Impact on local cemetery Sub-component 1.3. Rebuild a new Do Be bridge and access roads: Demolition of the existing Do Be bridge and rebuild a new Do Be bridge (L = 70m, B = 20m) at the same location, improving the existing 490 m of Do Bo access roads at two ends of the bridge Pre-construction N N N N N L N N L N L Construction M M M N L N N M M S L Operation L N N N N N N L L L L Remark 25 APHs, of which 17 APHs relocated, affected agricultural land 7876m2; Impact on business; Impact on transportation; Cause of land subsidence at the beginning and the end of the bridge; Impact on agricultural land; Impact on the quality water of Than canal Sub-component 1.4. Construct Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach: L = 815m, B = 27 m, V = 60km/h. Drainage, lighting, infrastructure channel included Pre-construction N N N L N L N N L N L Construction M M M L L N N M M L L Operation L N N N N N N L L L L Remark 105 PAHs, of which 31 PAHs have to relocate; 31933m2 agricultural land and 6310m2 residential land would be acquired; Impact on agricultural land; Impact on cemetery. 64 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Component Physical aspects Biological aspects Soci aspects Others Air, Soil, Solid Forest, Fish, Land Indigenous Physical Livelihood, Local Off-site noise, water waste, natural aquatic acquisition people cultural community flooding, impacts vibration dredged ecosystem species and resources disturbance traffic, material resettlement safety Sub-component 1.5: Dredging and embankment of Than canal: Dredging and embankment lining of Than canal, L = 5km, B = 25.5 m Pre-construction M M M N M L N L L L L Construction M M M N M L N N M M M Operation M N L N N N N N L L L Remark Increase land subsidence risks along both sides of river bank; Impact on agricultural land; Bad smell from dredging the Than canal. Sub-component 1.6: Dredging and embankment of Cau Trang canal: Dredging and embankment lining of the Cau Trang canal, L = 5.7km, B = 3 to 9 m Pre-construction M M M N M L N L L L L Construction M M M N M L N N M S M Operation M N L N N N N N L L L Remark Increase soil subsidence risks along river bank; Impact on agricultural land; Bad smell generated from dredging the Cau Trang canal. Sub-component 1.7: Construction of wastewater collection and treatment system: Construction of a wastewater treatment plant capacity 2,000 m3/d using biological technology, and a sewer system, 2 PSs. Pre-construction M M M N L M N L L L L Construction M M M N L L N L L M M Operation M L M N L N N N M L L Remark 10,000 m2 agricultural land is acquired; The plant is located 300 m from the nearest residential area; people live along the sewer pipe system (Cau Trang canal). Impact on local people living along with Cau Trang canal during construction. Bad smell, quality of wastewater after treatment discharged to the host system (Than canal); Management and Operation the station. Sub-component 1.8: Construction of the infrastructures in resettlement sites: 5 small resettlement sites, total land area of 4.5 ha with 138 land slots (80- 150 m2 each). The proposed works include ground levelling, construction of internal roads, drainage, water supply, power supply and lighting system. Pre-construction N N N N N M N N N N N Construction M M M N N N N N L L L Operation L L L N N N N N N L N Remark Land acquisition and resettlement: 45,000m2 agricultural land Community disturbance; demolition of structure and disposal of waste; Potential flooding impacts due to poor O&M; Road safety concerns on operation phase 65 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 3.3 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS & RISKS DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION Pre-construction impacts and risks during pre-construction phase include (1) Land acquisition; and (2) Safety risks related to unexploded ordnances (UXO). 3.3.1 Land Acquisition Total land area to be acquired permanently is 553,336 m2, of which 75,235m2 is residential land; 452,656 m2 of annual land (include 1,152m2 public land), 22,305m2 of perennial land and; and 3,140 m2 cemetery land. The land to be acquisred is mostly agricultural land with 452,656 m2 . The item that requires the most agricultural land acquisition is the coastal road, with 198,268 m2; this item that also requires the most residential land acquisition, 50,140 m2. The Table 3.2 below shows the land areas to be acquired by types of land use and work item. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..31. Scope of Affected Land by Tinh Gia Subproject Agricultural land Residential Cemetery Annual Total No. Items land (m2) Perennial Land (m2) land (m2) land (m2) (m2) Coastal road from Ninh Hai 1 50,140 175,963 22,305 700 249,108 – Lach Bang 2 bridge Binh Minh road to Sao 2 Vang – Nghi Son economic 6,960 48,653 0 2,440 58,053 zone Do Be bridge and 3 2,820 0 0 0 2,820 approache roads Road from NH1A to Ninh 4 9,005 31,933 0 0 40,938 Hai beach 5 Than canal 0 68,959 0 0 68,959 6 Cau Trang canal 6,310 72,148 0 0 78,458 7 Wastewater treatment plant 0 10,000 0 0 10,000 8 Resettlement sites 0 45,000 0 0 45,000 Total 75,235 75,235 452,656 3,140 553,336 (Source: RP report, 10/2017) Total Project’s the affected households (PAH) is 1,354AHs. There are 350 AHs whose houses are affected, of which 225 HHs have to relocate; 89 AHs are vulnerable (50 social policy HHs; 39 poor HHs and 3 single female headed households with dependents); 526 AHs are severely affected by losing agricultural land. Survey shows that 22/1144 PAHs whose business will be affected, of which 2 PAHs are affected by the construction of the road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach, 9 PAHs affected by the Rehabilitation of the Cau Trang Canal, and 11 PAHs are affected by the Upgrading of the Do Be bridge and approach roads. There is no affected ethnic minority household in project area. 66 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..32. Classification of affected households Number of Number of Severely Number of Total No Item Vunerable Resettlement Affected affected AHs households HHs HHs businesses Coastal road from 1 Ninh Hai – Lach 60 135 252 0 594 Bang 2 bridge Binh Minh road to 2 Sao Vang – Nghi Son 12 36 59 0 174 economic zone Do Be bridge and 3 1 13 0 11 road approaches 28 Road from NH1A to 4 105 13 41 46 2 Ninh Hai beach 5 Than canal 156 3 0 82 0 6 Cau Trang canal 157 0 0 87 9 Wastewater 7 43 0 0 0 0 treatment plant 8 Resettlement sites 97 0 0 0 0 Total 1,354 89 225 526 22 (Source: RP report, 10/2017) Land acquisition, relocation and resettlement have potential to impact the affected households physicaly and psychologically, these may result in social problems and even litigation. Relocating to a new place may cause disturbances and disruptions to the livelihood, business, income, accessibility to existing infrastructures and services of affected households. Socio-economic surveyed results on affected households5 show that, 20% of affected people (AP) are seasonally hired-worker; 41% are farmers; 17% are factory workers; 11% are traditional fishermen/fisherwomen; and the rest are state servants, traders or service providers. Business/service households are mostly in Hai Thanh and Hai Hoa communes. 745 households (HH) are severely affected6 (accounting for about 65% total PAH), of which 520 HHs are severely affected due to acquisition of agricultural land and 225 HHs have houses and shops/ business establishments to be displaced. Average income of affected household is about 121 million VND/year/HH. Popular income level is about 68 million VND/year/HH, much lower than the average income. Incomes HHs affected with partly agricultural land acquisition would not be affected significantly as the remaining agricultural land area will be still sufficient for agricultural production. Moreover, HH income from agriculture accounts for parts of total HH income as number of young household members are workers instead of farmer. Income of 25 business/ trading and 17 HHs doing fishery will be affected. These are people who will bear the most severe impact from land acquisition because they will permanently lose production area/workshop area or be interrupted in practice. These are also very high-income people with 5 - RP report, October 2017 6 Severely affected households include those who lose over 20% existing agricultural land area (or over 10% existing agricultural land area for households in vulnerable group) and those who have shop/business displaced. 67 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province around 22 million/grown-up person/month on average. People working in other sectors seem not affected significantly except for initial adaptation to new changes in movement/location. In addition, with average distance of 0.5-1km from people’s old place to the un-centralized resettlement area in the village/commune, affected households will not encounter big challenge to access to education, transport and medical service. There are 68 vulnerable households7 (only account for nearly 6% of total project affected households). In term of income restoration, these households will get lower pace than other households due to limitation in internal resources (finance, labor, knowledge or skill), which require more special behavior. However, there will be typical policies to support these households to ensure that their income will be restored and they will have better life than pre- project condition. These typical activities will be considered during the formulation of livelihood restoration program and Resettlement plan for the project. In general, land acquisition are unavoidable and the impacts on relocated households would be long term and significant. The subproject has prepared a Resettlement Action Plan to address the impacts related to land acquisition. 3.3.2 Affected Buildings/Structures The houses and ancillary works of 350 PAHs would be affected, of which 225 households are losing entire house. Total area of affected houses is 49,645 m2. Other impacts include: breeding facilities (23,495 m2), shop, factory (1,460 m2), yard (20,650 m2), fence (35,821 m2), well (389 pcs), grave (243 pcs). Detail of affected building/structure is shown in Table 3.4: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..33. Affected Buildings/Structures Breeding Shop, House Yard Fence Well Grave No. Items facilities factory (m2) (m2) (m2) (pcs) (pcs) (m2) (m2) 1 Coastal road 30,550 Binh Minh to 2 5,990 3,750 230 3,110 4,510 59 - Sao Vang road Do Be bridge 3 and approach 3,150 880 - 1,400 470 4 - roads NH1A - Ninh 4 4,825 2,452 - 1,320 3,789 41 73 Hai beach Road 5 Than Canal - 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Cau Trang Canal 5,130 690 570 1905 2390 16 0 WWTP, sewers, - - - - - - 7 - PSs Resettlement - - - - - - 8 - site Total 49,645 23,495 1,460 20,650 35,821 389 243 7 Vulnerable group: are special people likely to suffer from disproportionate impacts or at risk of further impoverishment under the impact of resettlement, include: (i) Household-headed women (single, widow or disabled) with dependents, (ii) people with disabilities (not able to work), elderly people with no support, (iii) people meeting criteria for the poor as stipulated by MoLISA (with poor household certification), (iv) landless people, (v) isolated ethnic minority groups, and (vi) policy households suc as ma rtyr/veteran’s family, Vietnam Heroic Mother, contributor families…. 68 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 3.3.3 Affected Graves 243 graves will be relocated. Of which: (1) Coastal road from Ninh Hai –Lach Bang 2 Bridge affect 4 graves; (2) Binh Minh to Sao Vang road affect 166 graves; (3) Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach affect 73 graves. To Vietnamese, graves are belief and spiritual matter which should be respected carefully. Relocation of graves will affect household’s spiritual and psychological life. In addition, physical removal of the grave will require customary or religious worshiping procedure. 243 graves all belong to Buddhism people so they share the same spiritual procedures for relocation. Consultation with the households affected by grave relocation shows that people are willing to move the graves to another location to give land for construction if the subproject owner provide adequate supports to cover the cost of grave relocation. Thus, the impacts on graves is at moderate level and can be mitigated. 3.3.4 Impacts on Trees and Crops Project will affect 37,996 fruit trees, 34,819 wood trees, 9,728 ornamental plants/bonsai trees, 44,665 m2 of vegetable and 262,460 m2 of rice. The Table 3.5 below presents the detail of impact on trees. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..34. Impact on Trees and Crops Fruit Wood Bonsai Vegetable Rice No Items tree trees trees (m2) (m2) (tree) (tree) (tree) 1 Coastal road 27,358 13,245 7,631 32,375 155,040 2 Binh Minh to Sao Vang road 4,707 2,155 874 6,745 16,303 3 Do Be bridge and approach roads 55 15 20 - - 4 Road NH1A to Ninh Hai beach 4,424 18,451 588 4,605 3,030 5 Than Canal 0 0 0 0 68,959 6 Cau Trang Canal 1452 953 615 940 6128 7 WWTP, sewers, PSs 10,000 8 Coastal road 32,000 13,000 Total 37,996 34,819 9,728 86,665 262,460 Cutting down of tree and vegetation will affect households economically, cause the loss of shadow and change greenery landscape. This impact during construction of these work items is unavoidable but can be minimized. 3.3.5 Impact on Business The business of 22 households will be affected. They are located in road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach item (2 households), Cau Trang Canal (9 households) and Do Be bridge and approach roads (11 HHs). Of which, two business households in NH1A to Ninh Hai beach item will be permanently displaced, 20 other business households will be temporarily interrupted during the construction period, leading to reductiion of household income. Construction will hinder access to shops and generate dust affecting sanitation condition of cartering services (for 9 business households in Cau Trang Canal, at Cong township and 11 seafood processing/trading households near Do Be bridge),... These impacts will reduce number of customers, leading to income reduction for the affected households. However, construction time is medium, 3-6 months in Cau Trang canal section and about 10 months in Do Be bridge, so with proper mitigation measurements, the impacts on these households can be mitigated. Therefore, the impact level is assessed to be medium. 69 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 3.3.6 Temporary Land Acquisition During construction, about 35,850 m2 annual land will be acquired temporarily for worker camp, disposal sites, quaires . Detail of temporarily acquire land is shown in Table 3.6 below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..35: Temporarily Acquire Land Item Area (m2) Coastal road from Ninh Hai – Lach Bang 2 bridge 9,000 Construct Binh Minh road to Sao Vang – Nghi Son economic zone 3,500 Upgrade, rehabilitate Do Be bridge and road approaches 3,350 Construct road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach 3,000 Upgrade, rehabilitate Than canal 6,000 Upgrade, rehabilitate Cau Trang canal 6,000 Construct wastewater treatment plant 2,500 Resettlement site 2,500 Total 35,850 3.3.7 Safety Risks due to Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Before 1975, Vietnam underwent two wars and Tinh Gia town was also suffered from being bombed during the war. The subproject areashave been greatly disturbed by human activities including extensive cultivation and urban development, UXOs have already been cleared in some parts. However, some UXOs may still be remained underground in the subproject area. As the subproject involves civil works with excavation, there are risks that UXOs may expose or even cause injuries, losses of human lives and assets in the subproject areas. Therefore, UXO detection and clearance will carried out before commencement of any construction work with more details provided in the ESMP. 3.4 POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION 3.4.1 Common Construction Impacts The investments under Component 1 includes: (1) Coastal road from Ninh Hai –Lach Bang 2 Bridge; (2) Construct road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang road –Nghi Son EZ; (3) Upgrade, rehabilitate Do Be bridge and approach roads; (4) Construct Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach; (5) Dredging of 5 km and lining the embankments of the Than river; (6) Rehabilitate Cau Trang Canal; (7) Construction of wastewater collection and treatment system capacity 500 m3/day; (8) Construction of infrastructure for 4.5 ha resettlement site. Activities to be performed during the construction of work items under Tinh Gia subproject include: - Leveling of the site and constructing worker camps and site office - Machinery’s operation and workers’ activities. - Transportation and temporary storage of material and fuel - Installing retaining wall, dredging, gathering wastes along Than and Cau Trang canals - Excavating, backfilling, forming foundation for roads and drainage works, electric line, lining embankment… - Boring pile for pier and abutment of Do Be and Son Hai bridges; Driving pile/casting pile for reinforcement of Than and Cau Trang canal revetment. - Backfilling and restoring the site, lining the embankment for Than and Cau Trang canals - Laying aggregate stone and asphalt for roads 70 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Transporting waste material to disposal site Sources and scale of impacts in the main affected area under construction activities are listed in following Table 3.7. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..36. Sources and Scale of Impacts in Construction Phase Impacts/ Impact No Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level - Dust from excavation, - People living loading/ unloading and around the transportation of construction areas construction materials. and material - gas emitted from exhausts of transport routes Air Quality cars, trucks, excavators, (Ngo Chau Luu road Reduction: cranes etc. lead to Hai Hoa increased beach; Luong Van - Bad odor from materials levels of Yen road lead to Hai Medium to Medium dredged up from Cau Trang 1 dusts and Hoa beach; Luong to Long- and Than canals. Significant exhaust Chi road lead to term gas, odor, - Noise from pile driving; sheet piles installation, Bach Lang bridge). noises, operations of construction - Workers on sites; vibration. plants, unloading rocks and - Infrastructure and soil on temporary material landscape around the yards, construction areas - Vibration due to pile driving and material at bridges, road compaction. transport routes. - Stormwater runoff through Land and surface Waste construction sites; water sources in the 2 water - Domestic wastewater from project areas, Medium Medium generation workers’ camp; especially Cau Trang - Construction Wastewater. and Than canal - Wastes from demolition of Residents along the the existing Do Be bridge; pipelines, near the - Excavated soil PSs, Do Be bridge, and the workers’ - dredged materials from camps; Solid Than and Cau Trang canals 3 wastes Soil, water, Medium Medium - Domestic waste from terrestrial/aquatic generation workers’ accommodation; vegetation around - Construction solid waste; the temporary and - Hazardous materials/wastes permanent disposal such as wasted oil, materials sites of dredged contaminated with oil. materials . - Dredging disturb muds from bottom of cannals Surface water in Cau - Soil and water leaked from Surface Trang and Than dredged materials of Cau Water canal 4 Trang and Than canals. Medium Medium quality Water bodies near reduction - Storm water runoff from the construction sites construction sites; and workers’ camps - Wastewater from workers’ camps and construction sites 71 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Impacts/ Impact No Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level Trees, vegetation, Impacts on - Site clearance some terrestrial 5 Biological Medium Short - Dredging species in project Resources area Residents, travelers passing construction Impacts on - Temporary loading of sites along pipelines, 6 Urban construction materials and Significant Medium pumping stations, landscape waste, dredged materials. Than and Cau Trang canals - Land slide risks at deep People living in excavations for construction areas along the banks of sewers, pumping stations, of Cau Trang and materials dredged from Cau Than canals, the road Trang and Than canals, Do embankment, near Increased Be and Son Hai bridges, the excavated pits erosion and along pipeline, 7 - Landslide risks at Barren landslide pumping station and risks slops created for embankment lining of Cau treatment plant, Trang and Than canals; around the disposal Increased erosion risks from site material/waste loads and at Workers working in disposal site the WWTP - Coffer dams in canals narrow down the flow, lead to increased flooding risks. - Leaked wastewater from dredged material may cause flooding if drainage is Fields along the inadequate. coastal road, NH1A - Material and waste blocks connecting Ninh Hai Increased drains causing flooding at beach, Binh Minh flooding, surrounding areas. road to Sao Vang. 8 Medium Short sedimentati - Rain water run-off at Culvert area along on, risks construction material yards Cau Trang canal may cause sediment in the Area around the nearby drains. WWTP, resettlement - New road disrupt existing area drainage pattern - Muds in wastewater from construction site deposits in drains leading to localized inundation - Road excavation, parking of Traffic means and Traffic construction plants or drivers, pedestrians Disturbanc loading of materials and Local residents at e and wastes may obstruct, disturb the intersections 9 Significant Short Increased or interrupt traffic in roads. between the traffic - Road surface partially construction area safety risks occupied by materials, open and NH1A, Ngo trenches, construction plants Van Luu, Luong 72 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Impacts/ Impact No Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level and wastes during Van Yen, Luong construction phase will lead Chi, the road along to increased traffic risks Cau Trang canal, Do Be bridge. - Affect irrigation function of Than canal. Roads, existing Damages to - Power lines may be affected houses, powerlines, existing by cranes, bulldozers irrigation canal infrastructu along the 10 re and or - Existing underground construction routes Medium Short disruptions infrastructure may be and the related to related affected by excavation services these services - Deep excavation may cause infrastructures cracks/damages to existing provide weak structures - construction activities may Social disturb/disrupt accessibility impacts: to roadside houses, business, disturbance offices that may lead to social conflicts People living along to the construction 11 businesses - Dust, noise, waste and Medium Short sites; near workers’ and daily wastewater may affect daily campsWorkers activities of lives of HHs and business in local project area; people - Social conflicts, local security may be affected; - Some PCRs located may be Impacts on affected by dust, noise, People visit the cultural, traffic disturbance. 12 temples and Low Short historical - Accessibility to cemeteries cemeteries. resources may be disturbed - Traffic safety risks increases at construction areas and transportation routes. - Disturbed ground, open channels, bulky dumps may Communit People living along cause accidents; 13 y Safety the road; Medium Short and Health - The use of electricity, gas, oil may cause safety risks to local communities - Dust and emissions, noise from construction sites may affect people’s health. All construction activities impose safety risks to the Health and workers due to falling into deep 14 safety of excavated holes, electrical the workers Medium Short workers shocks, being injured by materials mixed with sediments in dredged materials, fall into water from bridge and drowned, 73 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Impacts/ Impact No Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level bitten by insects etc. Detailed assessment on the potential adverse impacts during construction of investments under Component 1 are described below. 3.4.1.1 Air Quality Reduction During construction phase, air quality would be affected by increased level of dusts and gas emission, noise and vibration. Dust is generated from demolition of existing structures for site clearance, from excavation, leveling, transportation and unloading of material. Gas emissions including CO, SO2, NO2, hydrocarbonate… are generated from operation of construction machinery and equipment (bulldozer, excavator…), mainly from vehicles for transportation of material and wastes. Impact of dust and gas emissions are analyzed in details as follows: ➢ Dust Generated from The Demolition of Existing Houses and Structures Total volumes of the waste generated from houses and structures demolition is estimated at 350,363 m3. These are mainly masonry and brick and some steel. Demolition of these materials will generates dust. The volume of dust emitted from the demolition is be calculated below: W = EQd [1] In which: W: The average dust emissions (kg); E: Particulate Emission factor (kg dust/ton); Q: Emission volume (m3); d: Specific weight of debris d = 1,8 ton/m3 (according to document No. 1784/BXD-VP of the Ministry of Construction publishing the norm of construction materials). Dust emission coefficient is determined in accordance with the guidelines on Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (World Bank, 1991) and AP 42 for Stationary Point and Area Sources (US EPA, 1995) as follows: E = k x 0.0016 x (U/2.2)1.3 ÷ (M/2)1.4, kg/ton [2] In which: E - Emission coefficient (kg/ton); k - Particle structure with average value (k = 0.2 with particle size structure table (k) page 13.2.4-4 AP 42 (US EPA, 1995); U - average wind speed (m/s) (selected speed is 3 m/s); M - The average moisture content of debris (%) (Selected average moisture is 11% - Table 13.2.4-1 AP 42, US EPA, 1995). → Ed = 0.02742 kg/ton Based on pollution coefficient E and compliance with the subproject work progress, the loads of dust dispersed from demoliton is calculated and provided in Table 3.8 Table Error! No text of specified style in document..37. Forecasts on Dust from Demolition Volume of Dust Dust QCVN Duration Dust load Work items demolition emission concentration 05:2013 (month) (kg/day) (m3) (kg) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (1) Coastal road 81,001 1,359 4 9.44 1.6 0.3 (2) Binh Minh to Sao 133,593 2,498 5 13.88 12.6 0.3 Vang road (3) Do Be bridge and 8,092 166 1 4.62 5 0.3 approach roads (4) Road from NH1A 64,260 1,996 4 13.86 17 0.3 to Ninh Hai beach (5) Than Canal - - 0 0 0 0.3 74 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Volume of Dust Dust QCVN Duration Dust load Work items demolition emission concentration 05:2013 (month) (kg/day) (m3) (kg) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (6) Cau Trang Canal 24,631 358 2 0.94 5 0.3 (7) WWTP, sewers, 0.3 11,250 555.26 1 0.64 1.5 PSs (8) Resettlement site 27,536 1,359 2 1.07 5.1 0.3 Remark: The following assumptions are made (i) a working day of 8 hours; (ii) Dispersion height h = 10 m and (iii) Dry season’s meteorological data are used The amount of dust generated from demolition depends on many factors such as the material and the size of the works to be demolished, weather conditions (humidity and especially, dry or rainy). The results calculated above for dry season show that the amount of dust generated from demolition operations would exceeds the allowable limits set in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT 5.4 from 5 to 57 times. The highest calculated dust levels would be along the road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach (57 times above limits), Binh Minh to Sao Vang road (exceed allowable limit 42 times); the Do Be bridge and approach road, and the Cau Trang canal; and the resettlement area (exceed limits 17 times). Dust from demolition mainly caused by relative coarse particulate matters thus usually deposit quickly and exist in a relative short time. The demolition lasts in 2-4 weeks in each area so that the impacts of dusts caused by demolition activities are relative short term, temporary and can be minimized. Dust emission from excavation and filling activities Based on equation [2] the particle emission factor applied for the construction phase under component 1 is E = 0.02742 kg/tons. Thus, dust emission at each work item is calculated and summarized in Table 3.9. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..38. Estimation of dust emission from the excavation and backfilling Volume of Dust Construction Dust Dust QCVN Work items earthworks emission Duration load concentration 05:2013 (m3) (kg) (month) (kg/day) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (1) Coastal road 522,861 40,756 36 37.737 1.5 0.3 (2) Binh Minh to Sao 16,150 2,965 15 6.589 1.5 0.3 Vang road (3) Do Be bridge and 3,090 538 10 1.793 0.8 0.3 approach roads (4) Road from NH1A 6,177 902 15 2.003 0.8 0.3 to Ninh Hai beach (5) Than canal 59,357 41,084 24 57.06 7.1 0.3 (6) Cau Trang Canal 9,520 34,225 24 47.535 9 0.3 (7) WWTP, sewers, 4,164 171.3 12 0.476 0.15 0.3 PSs (8) Resettlement site 21,000 2,073 6 11.516 1.6 0.3 Remark: The following assumptions are made (i) a working day of 8 hours; (ii) Dispersion height h = 10 m and (iii) Dry season’s meteorological data are used. 75 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province The results in Table 3.9 show that dust concentration generated from excavation exceeds allowable limit set in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT from 2.5 - 30 times. Excavation would last 4- 8 weeks at each construction site along the road, bridges and canals. Dust from excavations would be generated the most from Than and Cau Trang canal construction sites. Some areas have high population density such as Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00) of what and on Cau Trang canal Resident area near the end section of Than canal will be affected by dust. As “successive construction method” is used so the impacts be at MEDIUM to HIGH level and can be mitigated. ➢ Dust and Emission Generated from The Transportation According to the standards established by the World Health Organization (WHO) 8, 15-ton diesel vehicles will generate loads of dust and exhausted CO, SO2, NO2, and HC as follows: dust: at 1.6 g/km/vehicle; CO gas: 3.7 g/km/vehicle; SO2: 7.43S g/km/vehicle; NOx: 24.1 g/km/vehicle and HC: 3 g/km/vehicle (diesel of 0.05% S). The subproject will use 15-ton trucks for transporting. The average transport distance is 8 - 10 km (10km for the areas providing construction materials and adjacent to Tinh Gia district and 8 km for the dumping site in front of People’s Committee of Xuan Lam commune – Tinh Gia district). The total passages of trucks and the generated dust loads in the process of transportation are calculated as follows: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..39. Number of Truck Passages in Constructing Items Volume of Transport Number Volume Transport Number Total Work items material time of Trips of waste time of Trips Trips (m3) (months) (trip/d) (m3) (months) (trip/d) (trips/d) Coastal road 575,558 36 72 603,862 36 60 132 Binh Minh to Sao 15 7 149,743 15 11 18 Vang road 96,253 Do Be bridge and 10 4 11,182 10 3 7 approach roads 25,908 Road from NH1A 15 4 70,437 15 3 7 to Ninh Hai beach 29,336 Than Canal 793,442 24 1 127,987 24 92 93 Cau Trang Canal 636,396 24 1 77,631 24 77 78 WWTP, sewers, 12 1 15,414 12 1 2 PSs 67,483 Resettlement sites 88,194 6 31 48,536 6 19 50 Concentration of dust is quantified using Sutton’s atmospheric dispersion model as follows:    z  h      z  h  2    2 0,8E.exp    exp     2 z    2 z   2 2  C (mg/m3) [3]  z .u In which (C): concentration of air particles (mg/m3); (E) – Emission load (mg/m.s); (z): height (m); σz – dispersion coefficient (m) as a function of distance and wind direction σz = 0.53x0,73; (u) – mean wind speed (m/s), u = 3m/s; (h) road height from base elevation (m), h = 0.5m. 8 ) (Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution –Part 1: Rapid Inventory Techniques in Environmental Pollution, WHO, 1993), 76 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Assuming wind speed at 3.0 m/s, the concentration of dust generated from transportation vehicles at distance of 10-20 m from sources is calculated as follows: Table Error! 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Dust Emission Concentration from Transportation of Demolition Wastes Work items W (m) Dust concentration (mg/m3) QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT H=1.5 H=2 H=3 H=4 (mg/m3) (1) Coastal road 10 0.1932 0.1864 0.1703 0.1545 0.3 20 0.1699 0.1682 0.1635 0.1578 (2) Binh Minh to Sao 10 0.2489 0.2185 0.1658 0.1479 Vang road 20 0.2192 0.2095 0.1867 0.1633 (3) Do Be bridge and 10 0.2099 0.1999 0.1827 0.1769 approach roads 20 0.2002 0.197 0.1895 0.1821 (4) Road from NH1A to 10 0.2699 0.2395 0.1868 0.1843 Ninh Hai beach 20 0.2402 0.2305 0.2077 0.1843 (5) Cau Trang Canal 10 0.1621 0.1515 0.1334 0.1273 20 0.1518 0.1528 0.1406 0.1329 (6) WWTP, sewers, PSs 10 0.1518 0.1484 0.1406 0.1328 20 0.1511 0.1499 0.1465 0.1424 (7) Resettlement site 10 0.1448 0.1414 0.1336 0.1258 20 0.1441 0.1429 0.1395 0.1354 Remarks: These results included the base environmental quality condition The concentration of dust generated from transportation of demolition wastes is below allowable limits of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National technical regulations on the quality of ambient air. Similarly, concentration of dusts from transportation of materials, excavation and backfilling is presented in the Table 3.12 below: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..41. Dust Emission from Transportation of Materials and Wastes Work items W (m) Dust concentration (mg/m3) QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT H=1.5 H=3 H=5 H=10 (mg/m3) (1) Coastal road 10 0.0349 0.3272 0.2748 0.2482 0.3 20 0.2736 0.2679 0.2528 0.2343 (2) Binh Minh to Sao 10 0.1597 0.1558 0.1468 0.1423 Vang road 20 0.1466 0.1456 0.1431 0.1415 (3) Do Be bridge and 10 0.1808 0.1796 0.1767 0.1751 approach roads 20 0.1765 0.1762 0.1754 0.1749 (4) Road NH1A to Ninh 10 0.1548 0.1536 0.1507 0.1491 Hai beach 20 0.1505 0.1502 0.1494 0.1489 (5) Than Canal 10 0.5103 0.3614 0.2116 0.119 20 0.3663 0.3259 0.2638 0.254 50 0.1978 0.1947 0.1878 0.1629 (6) Cau Trang Canal 10 0.4172 0.3889 0.3226 0.289 20 0.3212 0.314 0.2949 0.2835 50 0.1821 0.1801 0.1758 0.1602 (7) WWTP, sewers, PSs 10 0.1142 0.1139 0.1131 0.113 20 0.1131 0.1131 0.1128 0.1127 77 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Work items W (m) Dust concentration (mg/m3) QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT H=1.5 H=3 H=5 H=10 (mg/m3) (8) Resettlement site 10 0.2252 0.2184 0.2023 0.1941 20 0.2019 0.1981 0.1955 0.1928 Remarks: These results included the base environmental quality condition The concentration of dust generated from the transportation of materials and excavated soil of construction items is within the allowable limits of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National Technical Regulations on the quality of ambient air. Except, for Than and Cau Trang canals items, the dust concentration exceeds 1.7 times and 1.3 times compared with the allowable limits. Main routes for transportation of material and wastes will be most affected by dust, including: (i) Ngo Chau Luu road, from NH1A to Hai Hoa beach, accessible to the construction site at the beginning section of Than canal, section 1 of the coastal road; (ii) Luong Van Yen road, from NH1A to Hai Hoa beach,; (iii) Luong Chi road, the section from NH1A to Binh Minh commune. Locations of the main transportation routes are presented in following Figure 3.2: Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..8: Locations of The Main Transportation Routes for Material and Wastes Table Error! No text of specified style in document..42. Dust Sensitive Receptors Main transportation routes Sensitive receptors (1) Ngo Chan Luu road lead - Residential areas along two sides of road, distance from the road to Hai Hoa beach, in Tinh Gia is 10 - 200 m district (about 3 km length) - About 5 bussiness households, distance from the road is 10 - 50 m - Residential areas along two sides of road, distance from the road (2) Luong Van Yen road lead is 10 - 100 m to Hai Hoa beach, in Tinh Gia - About 7 bussiness households, distance from the road is 10 - 30 m district (about 3 km length) - Cultural house in Le hamlet (far from 50m) - Residential areas along two sides of road, distance from the road (3) Luong Chi road lead to is 10 - 100 m Bach Lang bridge in Binh - About 10 bussiness households, distance from the road is 10 - Minh commune 50m 78 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ➢ Dust from The Material Loading and Unloading The unloading and loading materials are mainly gravel, sand and cement. the dust emission loads from the material unloading and loading activities can be calculated as below9 Table Error! 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Dust Emission Concentration due to Loading and Unloading QCVN Work items Dust concentration (mg/m3) W (m) 05:2013/BTNMT H=1.5 H=5 H=10 H=15 (mg/m3) 10 1.661 1.629 0.865 0.432 (1) Coastal road 50 0.526 0.228 0.164 0.128 150 0.156 0.117 0.108 0.104 10 1.497 0.799 0.449 0.333 (2) Binh Minh to 50 0.217 0.158 0.129 0.119 Sao Vang road 150 0.115 0.108 0.104 0.103 (3) Do Be bridge 10 1.427 0.498 0.299 0.187 and approach 50 0.211 0.133 0.117 0.107 roads 150 0.115 0.104 0.102 0.101 10 1.146 0.414 0.257 0.168 (4) Road from 50 0.187 0.126 0.113 0.106 NH1A to Ninh 150 0.111 0.106 0.103 0.102 0.3 Hai beach 10 1.048 0.384 0.242 0.195 (5) Than canal 50 0.179 0.124 0.112 0.108 150 0.110 0.103 0.102 0.101 10 0.950 0.355 0.227 0.155 (6) Cau Trang Canal 50 0.171 0.121 0.111 0.105 150 0.109 0.103 0.101 0.101 10 0.191 0.127 0.114 0.106 (7) WWTP, 50 0.108 0.102 0.101 0.100 sewers, PSs 150 0.101 0.101 0.1 0.1 10 1.413 0.494 0.297 0.186 (8) Resettlement 50 0.21 0.133 0.116 0.107 site 150 0.114 0.104 0.102 0.101 Remarks: These results included the base environmental quality condition The concentrations of dust generated from gathering, loading and unloading of construction materials at distance of 10 km at the height from 1.5 to 5 m exceed allowable limits set in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT from 1.1 to 5.4 times; At a distance greater than 50m, dust concentrations reach allowable limits. Of which, the construction of the coastal road and Binh Minh road to Sao Vang generates the largest volume of dust. Along these two roads, the dust concentration is highest at distance of 10m from the construction site, which exceeds the allowable limits from 4.9 to 5.5 times (at the height of 1.5m); at distance of 50m for work item of the coastal road, the dust concentration is 1.75 times higher than the allowable limit (at the height of 1.5 m). As described in Chapter 2, the coastal road will be newly constructed mainly 9 Based on document AP 42, Fifth Edition Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Tran Ngoc Chan, 1999, Air pollutant and waste gas treatment (Volume 1), Ha Noi Science and Technology Publishing House 79 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province on field land or vacant land, most of which are distanced from residential areas and only some short sections passing through residential area will be most affected by dust generated from gathering, loading and unloading of construction materials. The item of Binh Minh road to Sao Vang is also a new road which will be constructed on field land and vacant land areas 50m distanced from the residential areas so the dust impact will be lower than the coastal road item. Sensitive receptors suffering from the dust generated from gathering, loading and unloading of construction materials when constructing the coastal road and Binh Minh road to Sao Vang include: (1) Coastal road: Construction workers; PCRs: Le Van ancestral temple (at Km 0+500)- General Truong Cong Xuan relic (at Km 1+300), General Pham Van Doan relic (at Km 1+500), Khanh Pagoda (at Km 7+900); Residential area along the road in Ninh Hai commune (Km 0+600 Km 1+100; Residential areas at Km 1+150 to Km 1+300, Km 1+700 to Km 1+900, Km 2+400 to Km 2+900), Km 3+500 to Km 2+700), Km 4+600 to Km 4+900, Km 5+640 to Km 6+00, Km 9+700 to Km 10+00); (2) Binh Minh to Sao Vang road: Construction workers, Nguyen Binh Petroleum station (Km 0+050) on NH1A. Dust and gas emissions generated from construction activities and on the main transportation routes: Dust will hinder the view of road users, posing the high risk for traffic safety. Dust affect visions and sanitation of restaurants and service facilities. Dust can retain in people’s external respiratory organs, leading to short-term health issues because construction dust is usually large granular type. Dust will also reduce photosynthesis capacity of surrounding vegetation and trees when the dust covers the tree’s leaf surface. Although the construction period of each work item is quite long (6 - 36 months), successive construction method is used so the impacts caused by dust generated from the handling of construction materials is LOW TO MEDIUM level and can be minimized. ➢ Exhaust Gas Emission due to Activities of Transportation Means Transportation of construction materials or waste by 15-ton trucks will result in the emission of exhaust of gas such as NO2, SO2, CO, VOC, affecting the ambient air quality. Pollutant load depends on the numbers of trucks travel and types of fuel used. Diesel Oil (DO) with sulphur content smaller than 0.25% so the concentration of SO2, NO2 in the exhaust gases significantly limited. Moreover, emission source is the mobile source so the waste gas concentration is not focused but dispersed on whole road line. The people on the transportation routes and workers may be affected by vehicle gas emissions. The box below shows the potential health impacts of some gases emitted from vehicles. Potential health impacts of some gases emitted from vehicles - CO enters the bloodstream, reacting with hemoglobin (found in red blood cells) to become a sustainable structure but cannot afford to load oxygen, this cause the body asphyxia. If getting a large amount of CO, people will feel headache, dizziness, and fatigue. Too much CO can lead to unconscious or suffocated status quickly. When oxidized, CO turns into carbon dioxide (CO2), CO2 also causes asphyxiation but not so poisoning as CO. - SO2 can penetrate into the human body through the respiratory system, trespassing into the circulatory system. When exposed for long periods, it can create small acid particles which can penetrate into the blood vessels if their size is < 2-3 μm. SO2 can trespass into the human body through the skin and cause chemical conversion, leading to reduced alkaline level of blood. Ammonia can leak through urine and affects the salivary gland. Bigger concentration will cause increasing mucous secretion of trachea. This gas exposing to the eyes can form acid. - NO2 concentration in the air with 5 ppm will have negative impacts on the lungs. Being exposed to the air for several hours with NO2 concentration of 15-20 parts per million can cause damage to lung, heart and liver; 80 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province NO2 concentration in the air of 1% can be fatal in a few minute. NO2 oxidized under sunlight can create ozone gas causing tear and skin rashes. NO2 also contributes to asthma, even lung cancer, tracheal damage. VOCs is the common name of liquid or solid substances containing volatile organic carbon. Some common substances as acetone, ethylaxetat, buthylaxetat ... They are less chronic toxicity. The main toxicity can include dizziness, drunken vomiting, swollen eyes, twitching, pneumonia. Only a few substances with chronic toxicity will cause blood cancer, and neurological diseases 10. Rapid assessment method of WHO is used to evaluate the impacts. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..44. Emission Coefficient of all Air Pollutants from Trucks NOx CO VOC No Type of car Unit (U) SO2 kg/U kg/U kg/U kg/U 1000 km 4.50*S 4.50 70 7 1 Petrol-run lorry (> 3,5 tons) Fuel ton 20*S 20 300 30 1000 km 1.16*S 0.70 1 0.15 2 Oil-run lorry DO (< 3,5 tons) Fuel ton 20*S 12 18 2.60 1000 km 4.29*S 11.80 6 2.60 3 Oil-run lorry DO (3,5 - 16 tons) Fuel ton 20*S 55 28 12 1000 km 7.26*S 18.20 7.30 5.80 4 Oil-run lorry DO (>16 tons) Fuel ton 20*S 50 20 16 Remark: S is the concentration of sulfur in diesel (S = 0.25%) Assumptions: Truck load is 15 tons, average speed is 10 km/h, and the average transportation distance is 1 km, pollutant load generated from one vehicle is: Dust: 0.90 g/km; SO2: 4.29*S g/km; NOx: 11.80 g/km; CO: 6.00 g/km; VOC: 2.60 g/km, wind speed of 3.0 m/s, the truck would consume 0.4 liters of oil/car.km (1 liter of DO weights 0.832 kg). Emission loads are calculated for the distance of 5-20 m from sources by applying Sutton model are presented in Table 3.16 below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..45. Exhaust Emission From Vehicles Fuel Duration Trips Distance SO2 load NO2 load CO load Work items consumption (month) (trip/) (km) (mg/m.s) (mg/m.s) (mg/m.s) (kg/day) (1) Coastal road 36 132 10 439.30 0.0109 0.0282 0.0152 (2) Binh Minh to 15 18 10 59.90 0.0014 0.0038 0.0021 Sao Vang road (3) Do Be bridge 10 7 10 23.30 0.0005 0.0015 0.0008 and approach roads (4) NH1A - Ninh 15 7 10 23.30 0.0005 0.0015 0.0008 Hai beach road (5) Than canal 24 93 10 309.5 0.0078 0.0211 0.0104 (6) Cau Trang 24 78 10 259.58 0.0064 0.0167 0.009 Canal (7) WWTP, 12 2 10 6.66 0.0001 0.0004 0.0002 sewers, PSs 10 http://tnmtvinhphuc.gov.vn/index.php/vi/news/Moi-truong/Tac-dong-cua-mot-so-khi-doc-den-suc-khoe-con- nguoi-71/ 81 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Fuel Duration Trips Distance SO2 load NO2 load CO load Work items consumption (month) (trip/) (km) (mg/m.s) (mg/m.s) (mg/m.s) (kg/day) (8) Resettlement 6 50 10 166.4 0.0041 0.0106 0.0058 site Data in the above Table 3.16 shows that the concentration of exhaust gases generated from transport activities meets QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality. Thus, level of impact is low. If a vehicle stops without its engine turned off, exhaust gas would affect localised air quality. However, exhaust gas emission is considered to be small and the gases usually disperse quickly into the surrounding environment thus concentration would be reduced quickly. The effect of exhaust gas emission is small but mitigation measures are required to control the impacts on people’s health. ➢ Exhaust Emitted from The Operation of Construction Machines and Equipment The amount of all construction machines and fuel demand are presented in the following Table 3.17 (Source: WHO, 1993). Table Error! No text of specified style in document..46. DO Fuel Demand for Construction Machines and Equipments Fuel Equipment, Quantity (set)/Work items consumption machines ship (diesel (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) liter) Vibration roller 25T 1532 33 7.2 18.8 53 39.8 - 8 40.32 Grader 110 CV 42 9 1.9 5.1 - 1.8 38.88 Excavator ≤ 0,8 m3 998 45.4 65 69 1911 1337.7 4 51.1 64.8 Steel wheel compactor - 1782 250 45 114 106 79.5 236 24 8,5T Bulldozer ≤110 CV 2530 163 37 70 1368 957.6 - 126 54.6 Car 15 T (tank 2 132 18 7 7 93 78 50 31 transport) Asphalt truck 7 T 277 60 13.3 33.8 - 12 25.5 Water truck 5 m3 154 33.2 7.2 18.8 53 39.8 - 8 22.5 Total DO oil used 0.11 37.45 6.21 2.97 3.74 15.53 25.32 10.79 (liter/hour) Highest DO oil used 0.09 (kg/h) 31.83 5.28 3.49 3.18 13.19 21.51 12.69 (DDO=0,85kg/liter) Based on the frequency of the machine activities, the constructional area and a working day of 8 hours, the emission load and emission concentration from Diesel oil combustion process are calculated as follows: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..47. Emission Coefficient and Emission Load due to DO Combustion Engines Load of Pollutant (1) (2) Binh (3) Do Be (4) (5) (6) Cau (7) (8) RSs exhaust load Coastal Minh to bridge NH1A - Than Trang WWTP, gas coefficient road Sao and o Ninh canal Canal sewers, (g/kg DO) Vang approach Hai PSs (g/s) road roads beach Road 82 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province SO2 20*S 0.4421 0.0733 0.0485 0.0442 0.1832 0.2988 0.0013 0.1763 NO2 2.84 0.0628 0.0104 0.0069 0.0063 0.0260 0.0424 0.0002 0.0250 CO 0.71 0.0157 0.0026 0.0017 0.0016 0.0065 0.0106 0.00004 0.0063 Dust 0.28 0.0062 0.0733 0.0485 0.0442 0.1832 0.2988 0.0013 0.1763 VOC 0.035 0.0008 0.0733 0.0485 0.0442 0.1832 0.2988 0.0013 0.1763 In which: S is the concentration of sulfur in the fuel (0.25%). From the above pollution loads from exhaust gases, by applying Sutton model with a wind speed of 3.0 m/s, and a distance of 5-10 m from generating sources. The concentration of exhaust gases generated from construction machines and equipments meets QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality. In summary, the sensitive receptors affected by dust, exhaust gases during construction phase in the project areas and the main transportation routes are listed in Table 3.19 below: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..48. Sensitive Receptors Affected by Dust during Construction Phase Work Sensitive receptors affected by dust Distance to items construction Site (1) Coastal - Construction workers road - PCRs: Le Van ancestral temple (at Km 0+500)- General Truong 50m Cong Xuan relic (at Km 1+300) , 50m - General Pham Van Doan relic (at Km 1+500) 50m - Khanh Pagoda (at Km 7+900); Kindergarten Ninh Hai commune 30m (at Km 1+150) 200m - Residential area along the road in Ninh Hai commune (Km 0+600 10 -100m Km 1+100 10-100m - Residential area (Km 1+150 to Km 1+300) 10-100m - Residential area (Km 1+700 to Km 1+900); 10-100m - Residential area (Km 2+400 to Km 2+900); 10-100m - Residential area (Km 3+500 to Km 2+700) 10-100m - Residential area (Km 4+600 to Km 4+900); - Residential area (Km 5+640 to Km 6+00); Residential area (Km 9+700 to Km 10+00); (2) Binh - Construction workers Minh to Sao - Nguyen Binh Petroleum station (Km 0+050); 30m Vang road - Cemetery area (Km 1+000 to 1+080 50m - Residential area (Km 1+080 to Km 1+200 50 – 200m (3) Do Be - Construction workers bridge and - Residential area 10m approach - 11 bussiness households 30 -100m roads - Thuong Hai Petroleum station 30m (4) Road - Construction workers from NH1A - Residential area (Km 0+000 to 0+100), 10m to Ninh Hai - Cemetery area (Km 0+100 to 0+200), 50m beach - Production forest (Km 0+700 to Km 1+200) (5) Than - Construction workers 10 m cannal - Resident area near the end section of Than canal 50 - 200m (6) Cau - Construction workers Trang Canal - Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00), - 30-100m - Township kindergarten (Km 2+900. 50m - Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 3+00 to Km 3+500), 100m 83 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Work Sensitive receptors affected by dust Distance to items construction Site - 09 bussiness households 10m (7) WWTP, - Construction workers sewers, PSs - Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00), - 30 -100m - Township kindergarten (Km 2+900), 50m - Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 3+00 to Km 3+500), 100m - 09 bussiness households 10m (8) - Construction workers Resettlemen - RS1: Ninh Hai commune residential area 100-150m t site - RS2: About from Hai Hoa commune residential area 50-100m - RS3: Nguyen Binh commune residential area 100m - RS4: Binh Minh commune residential area 150-200m 100m - RS5: Xuan Lam commune residential area The main (1) Ngo Chan Luu road lead to Hai Hoa beach, in Tinh Gia district transportati (about 3 km length): on routes - Residential areas along two sides of road 10 - 200 m - About 5 bussiness households 10 - 50 m (2) Luong Van Yen road lead to Hai Hoa beach, in Tinh Gia district (about 3 km length): 10 - 100 m - Residential areas along two sides of road - About 7 bussiness households 10 - 30 m - Cultural house in Le hamlet 50m (3) Luong Chi road lead to Bach Lang bridge: 10 - 100 m - Residential areas along two sides of road - About 10 bussiness households 10 - 50 m The level of impact by dust and exhaust gas is MEDIUM to HIGH and can be minimized. ➢ Odor Dredging and embankment lining of Cau Trang and Than canals will include excavation of soil and bottom sediment. There are gases such as H2S, CH4, amine, organic acid, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) accumulated in these soil and dredged materials from anaerobic decomposition of organic matters. When soil and sediment structures are disturbed and broken by physical interventions from excavation and dredging, these gases will be released into the air and cause odor. The characters and typical health effects of some gases are indicated in the Box below. Health Impacts of some gases: - H2S has rotten egg smell and be easily identifiable. If inhaled, victims may have asphyxiation, conjunctivitis because H2S effects on the eyes, then the respiratory system will be irritated strongly due to oxygen deprivation, then it can cause short of breath and stopped breathing. H 2S at high concentration can cause respiratory paralysis and suffocate. - Alkaline NH3 can cause skin irritation and corrosion, absorbing water in the skin organization then makes protein denatured, fat decomposed and membrane structure destroyed. If inhaled, ammonia in the lung easily goes through the alveoli into the bloodstream, combined with hemoglobin, to sabotage the oxygen transportation function. If inhaled at high dose, ammonia may cause sore throat, tearing, cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, difficult breathing along with headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, exhaustion, especially pulmonary edema or respiratory synthesis in adults, and can rise to symptoms of respiratory stimulant. According to research of Cambridge Environmental Research Organization on odor perception 84 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province based on perception intensity: Odor Detection 1 Ou/m3, light 5 Ou/m3, specific odor 10 Ou /m3 and according to the soil characteristic of the dredging and excavating areas of the project, odor is forecast at 8.42 Ou odor/s.m2. Impacts of odor from dredging operations are shown in Figure 3.3. Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..9: Impacts of Odors Generated During Dredging and Excavation According to the above chart, the biggest impact of odor is 0-20 m from the external emission source, but by a distance of 100 m the impact has dropped considerably. For the section of Cau Trang canal which passes through center of Cong township, in addition to construction workers, residents living along the canal banks (30-100m distance) will also be affected by the bad odor during the dredging of canal bed. For the Than canal, because the nearest HHs are 200 - 500 m from the dredging area, the potential impact of odor on local residents will be minimal and the odor generated will mainly affect the workers. Thus, impacts of odors on the surrounding air environment are small and manageable. Residential area Residential area NH1A Cau Trang canal Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..10: Residential houses along Cau Trang canal inareas Cong township 3.4.1.2 Increased Level of Noise and Vibration 85 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ➢ Noise The noise generated during the construction phase is mainly from three sources: (i) demolition of existing structures, particularly the Do Be bridge; (ii) from vehicle movements; (iii) the operation of concrete/ asphalt drilling-cutting machines, and piling machines, dredging. Lower levels of noise are generated from construction plants, engines of vehicles, and materials loading/unloading particularly stone unloading. Noise during demolition of the existing Do Be Bridge will be mainly be generated from the operation of the concrete bombardment hammer. Demolition will take 10-15 days; the noise level generated from pile-driving during the construction of the new Do Be Bridge will be limited as a bored piling method has been proposed. During the construction of the new bridge, the maximum level of noise generated from pile driving would be 78 dBA at 100 m from source. Noise level would be within allowable limit at distance 200 m from source. Noises from other activities during bridge construction will be only at a small level. However, since the construction site is near from residential areas, noise impact of bridge construction will be medium and might be mitigated. Noises level along the transportation routes including Ngo Chan Luu road, Luong Van Yen road and Luong Chi road will be mainly generated by operation of the trucks (15 ton). According to Table 3.20, at distance of 150 m or further, the noise level will be within allowable limits of standard QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. However, at distance of 30 - 100m within the houses located from noise sources will be affectted. These impacts will be medium and might be mitigated. Noise levels generated from the construction plants are estimated by the following equation11: Li  L p  Ld  Lc dBA [4] In which: Li – Noise level at site with a distance d (m) from the source; Lp – Noise level measured at source (from a distance of 1.5m); ∆Ld – Noise level as a function of distance d and at frequency i;  r  1 a  Ld  20 lg  r 1      2    [5] In which: r1- Distance to the noise source corresponding to Lp (m); r2- Distance corresponding to the noise Li(m); a- Specific absorption coefficient of noise with the land surface topography (a = 0.1); ∆Lc- Decrement Noise level through t he obstacle. The construction area with all buildings and obstacle brick wall, thus, ∆L c = 1,2; Noise level by the distance of machines in this period is calculated as in the Table 3.20 below Table Error! No text of specified style in document..49. Noise level by the distance of machine of work items Construction Distance to the noise source (m) Items machine 15 30 60 100 120 150 180 200 250 300 Combined noise level 99 93 87 83 81 79 77 76 74 72 Excavator (1) Coastal 0,8m3 89 83 77 73 71 69 67 66 64 62 road Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 90 84 78 74 72 70 68 67 56 41 Lorry 15T 96 90 84 80 78 76 74 73 71 69 11 by Pham Ngoc Dang 2003. Air environment. Science and technics publishing house 2003 86 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Construction Distance to the noise source (m) Items machine 15 30 60 100 120 150 180 200 250 300 Excavator 1.6 m3 92 86 80 76 74 72 70 69 67 65 Son Hai Drilling rig bridge 94 88 82 78 76 74 72 71 69 67 Combined noise level 102 96 90 86 84 82 80 79 77 71 Excavator 0,8m3 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 (2) Binh Minh to Sao Bulldozer ≤ Vang road 140CV 83 77 71 67 65 63 61 60 58 56 Lorry 15T 102 96 90 86 84 82 80 79 77 75 Excavator 1.6 m3 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 Combined noise level 96 70 84 80 78 76 74 73 70 69 Excavator 0,8m3 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 (3) Do Be Bulldozer ≤ bridge and 140CV 80 74 68 64 62 60 58 57 55 53 approach roads Lorry 15T 93 87 81 77 75 73 71 70 68 66 Drilling rig 94 88 82 78 76 74 72 70 69 67 Excavator 1.6 m3 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 Combined noise level 100 94 88 84 82 80 78 77 75 73 Excavator (4) Road 0,8m3 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 from NH1A Bulldozer ≤ to Ninh Hai 140CV 80 74 68 64 62 60 58 57 55 53 beach Lorry 15T 100 94 88 84 82 80 78 77 75 73 Excavator 1.6 m3 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 Combined noise level 97 91 85 81 79 77 75 74 72 70 Excavator 0,8m3 89 83 77 71 70 69 67 66 64 62 (5) Than Bulldozer ≤ Canal 140CV 87 81 75 71 69 67 65 64 62 60 Lorry 15T 96 90 84 80 78 76 74 73 71 69 Excavator 1.6 m3 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 Combined noise level 93 87 81 77 75 73 71 70 68 66 Excavator (6) Cau 0,8m3 88 82 76 72 70 68 66 65 63 61 Trang Canal Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 86 80 74 70 68 66 64 63 61 59 Lorry 15T 90 84 78 74 72 70 68 67 65 63 Combined noise level 91 85 79 75 73 71 69 68 66 64 Excavator (7) WWTP, 0,8m3 85 79 73 69 67 65 63 62 60 58 sewers, PSs Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 86 80 74 70 68 66 64 63 61 59 Lorry 15T 90 84 78 74 72 70 68 67 65 63 87 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Construction Distance to the noise source (m) Items machine 15 30 60 100 120 150 180 200 250 300 Combined noise level 99 93 87 83 81 79 77 76 74 70 (8) Excavator 0,8m3 85 79 73 69 67 65 63 62 60 58 Resettlement site Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 83 77 71 67 65 63 61 60 58 56 Lorry 15T 99 93 87 83 81 79 77 76 74 72 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (from 6h-21h) 70 – Normal area QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (from 21h-6h) 55 – Normal area Data in the Table 3.20 above shows that noise impacts of construction plants would affect 100 HH (including 9 business HH with restaurant/drinking/recreation) which are located at 30 - 100 m from the construction sites of the sewers and WWTP. The others HH are located at more than 200 m away from the construction sites thus will be less affected Noise generated from dredging activities is mainly due to operation of 0.8 m3 bucket excavators. According to Table 3.20, at distance of 120 m or further, the noise level will be within allowable limits of standard QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. The dredging Cau Trang canal site is 30 - 100m from the nearest houses, where the forecast maximum resonating noise is about 81dBA at the distance of 100 m so the noise impact of dredging machines will affect people in the nearest. But, the dredging Than canal site is 200 m or further from the nearest houses so the noise impact of dredging machines will be minor to people in the nearest houses. The receptors affected by the noise in the project areas include: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..50. Sensitive receptors affected by Noise Distance to Work items Sensitive receptors affected by Noise const. Site (m) - Construction workers - PCRs: Le Van ancestral temple (at Km 0+500)- General 50m Truong Cong Xuan relic (at Km 1+300), 50m - General Pham Van Doan relic (at Km 1+500) 50m Khanh Pagoda (at Km 7+900) 30m - Kindergarten Ninh Hai commune (at Km 1+150) 200m - Residential area along the road, Ninh Hai commune (Km 10 -100m (1) Coastal 0+600 Km 1+100 10-100m road - Residential area (Km 1+150 to Km 1+300); 10-100m - Residential area (Km 1+700 to Km 1+900); 10-100m - Residential area (Km 2+400 to Km 2+900); 10-100m - Residential area (Km 3+500 to Km 2+700) 10-100m - Residential area (Km 4+600 to Km 4+900); - Residential area (Km 5+640 to Km 6+00); Residential area (Km 9+700 to Km 10+00); - Construction workers (2) Binh Minh - Nguyen Binh Petroleum station (Km 0+050); 30m to Sao Vang - Cemetery area (Km 1+000 to 1+080 50m road - Residential area (Km 1+080 to Km 1+200 50 – 200m 88 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Distance to Work items Sensitive receptors affected by Noise const. Site (m) - Construction workers (3) Do Be - Residential area 10m bridge and - 11 bussiness households 30 -100m approach roads - Thuong Hai Petroleum station 30m - Construction workers (4) Road from - Residential area (Km 0+000 to 0+100), 10m NH1A to Ninh - Cemetery area (Km 0+100 to 0+200), 50m Hai beach - Production forest (Km 0+700 to Km 1+200) (5) Than - Construction workers cannal - Resident area near the end section of Than canal - Construction workers - Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00), 30-100m (6) Cau Trang - Township kindergarten (Km 2+900) 50m Canal - Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 3+00 to Km 3+500), 100m - 09 bussiness households 10m - Construction workers - Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00), 30 -100m (7) WWTP, - Township kindergarten (Km 2+900), 50m sewers, PSs - Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 3+00 to Km 3+500), 100m - 09 bussiness households 10m - Construction workers - RS1: Ninh Hai commune residential area 100-150m (8) - RS2: About from Hai Hoa commune residential area 50-100m Resettlement - RS3: Nguyen Binh commune residential area 100m site 150-200m - RS4: Binh Minh commune residential area 100m - RS5: Xuan Lam commune residential area The noise impact will be more severe at night time and meal time for residents and both at night time and day time for businesses in the area. The noise generated at the construction site is intermittent and lasts in a short time but it poses high risk of troubles for community. Therefore, the noise impact is assessed medium and requires suitable mitigation measures. ➢ Vibration Vibration will be mainly caused by construction activities related to bridge construction, piling and road base compaction. Vibration caused by compaction of piped trench will be negligible because the sand will be watered before compaction takes place. Typical vibration levels are specified in the following table: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..51. Vibration Level of Typical Equipment Within 10m Distance No. Equipment Reference vibration (Vertical direction, dB) 1 Excavator 80 2 Bulldozer 79 3 Truck 74 4 Roller 82 5 Air compressor 81 6 Concrete hammer 97.5 (Source: Transit Noise And Vibration Impact Assessment, FTA, 2006) Vibration from construction equipment is calculated by vibration attenuation with distance: 89 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province L = L0 – 10lg(r/r0) – 8,7a (r- r0) In which: - L: vibration level in dB at a distance “r” from the source; - L0: vibration level in dB at a distance “r0” from the source. In the project case, r 0 is vibration source and r0 = 10m; - a: intrinsic vibration attenuation coefficient at clay foundation, a = 0.5 Predicted results are presented in the following table Table Error! No text of specified style in document..52. Vibration by Distance During Construction of Do Be Bridge Items Max source Vibration level at a distance (*) (dB) vibration (r0 r = 5m r = 10m r = 15m r = 20m = 10m) (dB) Concrete hammer 106.5 98.5 72.8 54.6 34.2 Bored piles 97.5 92.7 69.4 46.4 23.8 QCVN 27: 2010, allowable level of 75 dB during 6÷21h and base level during 21÷6h Comparison of predicted results with QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT, at distances of >10m, vibration will be within allowable limits. The existing civil works and houses are over 30m from the boundary of road construction and 150m away from the bridge construction site so they will not be affected by vibration. Construction workers (particularly workers operating the machinery and vehicles) will be affected by the vibration. The impacts of vibrationis at SMALL level and can be managed. 3.4.1.3 Wastewater Generation During the construction phase, there are three main sources of wastewater generation including: (1) Rainwater runoff from construction sites; (2) Wastewater generated from construction workers’s camps; and (3) construction wastewater. The volumes and characeristics of each types of wastewater generated during construction phase are discussed below: ➢ Rainwater runoff Rainwater is considered clean if it is not exposed to pollution sources such as wastewater, exhaust gas, contaminated with soil/dredged material, etc. During the construction process, when rainwater runoff passing construction sites, it will drag soil, sand, waste discharged by construction workers, debris,... and become polluted. Flow of Rainfall rate in the construction areas compared with surrounding environment is calculated by the method of limit intensity (according to TCVN 7957: 2008 - Drainage and Sewerage - External networks and facilities – Design Standard). Rainfall rate Q (m3/s) is calculated by the following formula: Q = q.C.F Of which: Q: Calculated flow (m3/s) q: Rainfall intensity (liter/s.ha). C: flow coefficient. The flow coefficient C depends on the coverage surface and the repetition cycle of the calculated rain (P), given C= 0.2. F: Project area (ha) Rainfall intensity is calculated by following formula: A1  C * lg P  q= (t  b) n Of which: q: calculated rainfall intensity (liter/s.ha) 90 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province P: Repetition cycle of the calculated rain (years), given P = 2 years t: Rain runoff duration in the project area (about 30 minutes). A, C, b, n: Parameters determined according to local rain conditions. These parameters depend on local climatic condition. For the area of Tinh Gia district - Thanh Hoa province, A = 3640; C = 0.53; b = 19; n = 0.72. Applying these values in the above formula, we have: Calculated rainfall intensity at the construction area is: q = 256.12 (l/s.ha) Therefore, the volume of rainwater runoff through the construction sites of Tinh Gia subproject is calculated as follows: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..53. Flow of Rainwater Runoff During Construction Phase Flow Runoff Volume Catchment Flow Flow rate at design Work items area (m2) coefficient rate (l/s) (m3/h) rainfall (m3) Coastal road 309,708 0.2 1,586.5 5,712 8,566.91 Binh Minh to Sao Vang 1,524.69 55,120 0.2 282.3 1,017 road Do Be bridge and approach 332.35 12,015 0.2 61.5 222 roads Road from NH1A to Ninh 896.22 32,400 0.2 166.0 598 Hai beach Than Canal 30,000 0.2 653.1 2,351 3,526.81 Cau Trang Canal 66,140 0.2 338.8 1,220 1,829.52 WWTP 10,000 0.2 51.2 184 276.61 Sewers, PSs 30,000 0.2 153.7 553 829.84 Resettlement sites (RS) 42,400 0.2 282.3 1,016 1,524.69 RS1 15,000 0.2 7.68 28 41.49 RS2 5,000 0.2 2.5 9 13.83 RS3 5,000 0.2 6.14 22 33.19 RS4 12,000 0.2 2.56 9 13.83 RS5 5,400 0.2 7.68 28 41.49 Note: Above results are from calculations with rain duration of 90 minutes) The main environmental concerns of surface runoff is the large volumes may cause localised flooding, and if it is highly turbid, it may cause sedimentation in exisitng drains. For the aligned work items such as the Cau Trang and the Than canals, the sewer pipes, rainwater would flow into the canal/channels nearby thus localised flooding is not likely to occur. For the four roads, the levelled road surface may disrupt or block the exising drains runoff thus may cause localised flooding along the two sides of the road embankments. As the existing land use at the proposed WWTP is ricefield which is 100 m from the Than river, currently rainwater is drained to the Than river through existing drains. During construction phase of the WWTP, surface runoff may follow eixsting drains or overflow on the ricefield before finally being drained to the Than canal. According to the basic design, with the calculated rain, current drainage ditches in this field have enough capacity to drain, not causing flooded. 91 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province For 5 resettlement sites with land area ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 ha, each the amount of runoff is from 9.22 to 27.66 m3/h. Four out of the five resettlement sites are field or low-lying land (except for resettlement site No. 2 - Dong Ron, Hai Hoa already having land foundation) will have to be filled to increase elevation from 1.5 m to 2.5 m on a area of 0.5 to 1.5 ha. Therefore, if there are no adequate drainage system, there will be risk of localized flooding in the surrounding areas. However, existing natural drainage in these areas is relatively goodwith two receiving waterbodies namely Cau Trang and Than canals, so the risk of flooding inheavy rain is medium and can be mitigated. Rainwater runoff will drag a longpollutants such as oil, grease, dust and soil on the construction site surface. According to WHO (1993), content of pollutants in the rainwater runoff is about 0.5 – 1.5 mg N/l, 0.004 – 0.03 mg P/l, 10 - 20 mg COD/l and 10 - 20 mg TSS/l, these parameters are lower the acceptable standard by QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater. The work item will be constructed in 12 months so construction in rainy season will unavoidable; then, the rainwater runoff will drag stone debris, soil, dirt, oil and types of waste on the construction site surface into the receiving body in the area (Than canal). These pollutants will increase water’s turbidity and content of TSS will usually exceed the allowable limit. Without proper management, this will cause bad impact on surface water quality and aquatic life in Than canal. ➢ Domestic Wastewater generated from worker’s camps The Project is expected to mobilize about 490 workers, so each work item will require 30-100 workers (the number varies depending on construction time and progress). According to Vietnamese standard QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD, the rate of domestic water consumption by the workers is 45 liters/person/day, the amount of wastewater generated is equal to 80% of the supplied water amount. Assuming all the workers would reside in camps then the volume of wastewater generated from each worker’s camp is calculated in Table 3.22 below: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..54. Wastewater generated from Workers’ Camps Amount of Amount of Work items Number Construction Amount of Total of domestic domestic of workers duration domestic domestic wastewater wastewater (persons) (months) wastewater wastewater (m3/week) (m3/month) (m3/day) (m3) Coastal road 100 36 3.84 27 115 4,147 Binh Minh to Sao Vang 50 15 1.92 13 58 864 road Do Be bridge and approach 30 10 1.15 8 35 346 roads Road from NH1A to 50 15 1.92 13 58 864 Ninh Hai beach Than canal 80 24 3.07 22 92 2,212 Cau Trang 80 24 3.07 22 92 2,212 Canal WWTP, 50 12 1.92 13 58 691 sewers, PSs Resettlement 50 6 1.92 13 58 346 site 92 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Domestic wastewater contains suspended solids, and, some oil and grease, high concentrations of organic matters, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) and microorganisms. The load of pollutants in domestic wastewater at workers camps is provided in Table 3.26. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..55. Load of Pollutants in Domestic Wastewater No Pollutants Pollution coefficient (g/per/day) Load of pollutant (kg/day) Min Max Min Max 1 BOD5 45 54 2.25– 9 2.7 – 10.8 2 COD 72 102 3.6– 14.4 5.1 – 20.4 3 TSS 70 145 3.5– 14 7.25 – 29 4 T-N 10 30 0.5- 2 1.5 - 6 5 T-P 6 12 0.3– 1.2 0.6 – 2.4 6 Cl- 2.4 4.8 0.12 – 0.48 0.24 – 0.96 7 Ecoli 106 109 5.104- 2.105 5.107 – 2.108 (Source: WHO, 1993) Table Error! No text of specified style in document..56. Domestic Wastewater Quality Concentration in domestic QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT Pollutants wastewater (Column B) pH 5–9 5–9 BOD5 640 – 780 50 TSS 1000 – 1450 100 Nitrate (NO3-) 50 – 100 50 Total coliform 106 – 109 5,000 The Table 3.26 shows that construction of the coastal road will generate most wastewater, about 3.84 m3/day, equivalent to 27 m3/week, 115 m3/month and the total generated wastewater in 36 construction months will be 4,147 m3. Similarly, over 2,000 m3 of wastewater would also be generated from the camps of the Than and Cau Trang canals. However, the volume of wastewater generated at each camp site usually small than the calculated volumes as each contractor usually use number of teams for aligned works, and each team use separate smaller camp or even hire the house of local people. It is likely that the worker of the WWTP and the resettlement sites will stay at camp on-site. The estimated volumes of wastewater generated from the camps at these sites during construction phase would be approximately 750 m3at the WWTP (12 months construction contract) and 350 m3 at the resettlement site (6 months construction contract). With the volume of wastewater and pollutant load forecasted in the Tables 3.26 above, the concentration of some pollutants in untreated wastewater generated from workers’ camps may be higher than the standards set in QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT several to many times. Particularly, BOD may exceed standards 13-15 times, TSS may be 10-15 times higher than allowable limits, Nitrate may be up to 10 times higher than standard, and coliform may be 200 - 200,000 times higher than standards. If not managed properly, wastewater from workers camps will become stagnant, forming favorable conditions for water-borne diseases (such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid, dengue fever) vectors to develop. Therefore, wastewater is smelly, can cause nuisance and affect public health. If untreated wastewater enters the Than canal and Cau Trang canal, it would lead to surface water pollution in these canals ➢ Construction Wastewater Construction wastewater is generated from concrete curing, equipment and material washing. The estimated volumes of such construction wastewater is 2 - 5 m3/day at each site, equivalent to about 20 - 50 m3 out of total construction period at each location. This wasterwater contains 93 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province high suspended solids contents, some oil and grease. Untreated construction wastewater and may cause increased water turbidity which affect respirations and photosynthesis process of aquatic lives. High solid contents may cause sedimentation, contributing to narrowing down these channels. Wastewater Leaked from Dredged Materials During the dredging of Cau Trang canal and Than canal, dredger shall be used for dredging. Wastewater will be drained off from dredged materials during temporary loading before being transported to disposal site. The mud seepage from temporary loading area may enter agricultural land and harm crop trees there. As learnt from similar projects, the mud seepage contains total suspended solids (TSS) of 800-1400 mg/l, F. Colifom from 90-200 MPN/100ml. Without proper collection and management, the mud seepage may also cause localized flooding surrounding temporary loading site. When flowing into the receiving waterbody, the saline/brackish seepage with high content of solids may cause water’s turbidity, affect photosynthesis and respiration of aquatic life as well as cause sedimentation; At present, Cau Trang canal has been being polluted by domestic wastewater from residential areas in Cong township, so the seepage from this canal’s dredged mud will also contain high content of bacteria (Coliform 4200 to 4300 MPN/100 ml). Salinity in the sediment of the Than canal was measured at 5%o. if not properly managed, saline wastewater from temporary and permanent disposal site may pollute water sources and soil in the surrounding area, negatively affecting the growth or even damaging vegetation cover and trees. However, this risk is at moderate level as the 5%o salinity is only slightly higher than tolerance range of popular crop trees. On the other hand, the wastewater from dredged materials will be manageable when ponds are used for temporary loading. 3.4.1.4 Solid Waste Generation Solid waste generated in the construction phase includes 3 main types: (1) Construction waste including demolition materials, excavated and dredged materials and unused/waste construction materials; (2) Domestic solid waste from worker’s camps; and (3) hazardous solid waste. The volumes of each types of solid wastes generated volume are presented below. ➢ Construction Waste The project’s construction phase will generate total 1.1 million m3 of construction solid wastes including demolition waste, excavated soil and dredged materials from canals. Of which, 350,363 m3 are waste generated from demolition of existing structures for site clearance, 112,110 m3 are dredged materials from Than and Cau Trang canals and 642,919 m3 are excavated soil from work items under the project. The volume of the construction solid waste generated from each work item is presented in Table 3.28 as follows: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..57. Volume of construction solid waste during construction phase Work items Volume of Volume of Volume of excavated soil Total demolition dredged (m3) (m3) (m3) material - (m3) Top soil Bottom soil (1) Coastal road 81,001 104,572 418,289 603,862 (2) Binh Minh to Sao 133,593 Vang road 6,460 9,690 149,743 (3) Do Be bridge and 8,092 approach roads 1,236 1,854 11,182 (4) Road from NH1A to 64,260 Ninh Hai beach 2,471 3,706 70,437 94 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Work items Volume of Volume of Volume of excavated soil Total demolition dredged (m3) (m3) (m3) material - (m3) Top soil Bottom soil (5) Than Canal 68,630 23,743 35,614 127,987 (6) Cau Trang Canal 24,631 43,480 3,808 5,712 77,631 (7) WWTP, sewers, PSs 11,250 1,666 2,498 15,414 (8) Resettlement sites 27,536 8,400 12,600 48,536 Total 350,363 112,110 152,355 489,964 1,104,792 The solid waste generated from demolition. Mainly construction waste, including brick, mortar, broken concrete, tree trunk, weeds… and other material (waste, plastic bags…). Most of solid waste generated from the demolition can reused. Construction waste can reused for leveling low-lying areas if necessary; recyclable materials can be Sold to recycling dealers. The remaining waste which cannot be re-used will be dumped at disposal sites. Total excavated soil volume from project construction is high, about 642,319 m3, of which, the highest excavated soil volumes is generated from the coastal road (522,861 m3). Rehabilitation of Than canal and rehabilitation of Cau Trang canal would generate 59,357m3 and 9,520m3 of Solid waste, respectively . The rich topsoil on agricultural land or vacant land accounts for 20% - 40% (152,355 m3) of total excavated soil volume. This rich topsoil can be used for plantation purpose while the rest excavated soil can be used for leveling of low-lying areas. Details on the solution for 642,319 m3 of excavated soil will be presented in the Chapter on Environmental Management Plan. It is estimated that, the dredging of Than and Cau Trang canals will generate about 112,110 m3 of dredged materials, of which about 10% (11,211 m3) are waste and water-fern. Analysis of the sediment samples taken from Than and Cau Trang canals (as presented in Chapter 2) shows that, contents of heavy metal are within the allowable limits in the QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Hazardous waste . However, the sediment mud contains high content of organic matters, causing bad odor and bacteria, mud leakage…so it will require specific and effective measures for dredging, loading of mud and treatment prior to transportation to the disposal site as normal solid waste. It is noticeable that the sediment in the Than canal has salinity at 5%o. During temporary and permanent loading, salinity from such dredge materials may be spread around by waste water and rain water running from/through these materials. If entering garden/ agricultual land, water/wastewater from such sites may harm vegetation/ trees. This risk can be controlled as discussed in deltail in the DDMP. Small amount of construction wastes mainly consists of lime, mortar, iron and steel, soil, rock and cement packages, etc. will be generated during construction phase. Such wastes should be collected then transported for disposal at approved sites specified in the Environmental Management Plan. In general, the total volume of construction waste generated during construction phase is relatively large, requirement considerable land area for temporary and final disposal. Other environmental concerns may also be arisen from temporary and final disposal sites as discussed at the end of this Chapter. Therefore, the potential impacts of solid waste in this Project is considered HIGH. ➢ Domestic Solid Waste Domestic solid waste will be generated from workers’ camps during operation phase. The main components in such domestic solid wastes are mainly packaging materials, plastic bags, bottles, waste from food preparation etc. The volume of domestic generated is assessed through the application of rapid assessment method introduced by the World Health Organization, at rate 95 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province of 0.5 kg/person/day. The estimated volume of the total solid waste generated daily in the construction process of the work items is calculated and shown in the following Table 3.29: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..58. Domestic Solid Waste Generated Item Nos. of Construction Domestic Domestic Domestic Total of workers duration solid solid solid solid (people) (months) waste waste waste waste (kg/day) (kg/week) (kg/month) (ton) (1) Coastal road 100 36 50 350 1,500 54 (2) Binh Minh to Sao 50 15 25 175 750 Vang road 11.25 (3) Do Be bridge and 30 10 15 105 450 approach roads 4.5 (4) Road from NH1A 50 15 25 175 750 to Ninh Hai beach 11.25 (5) Than canal 80 24 40 280 1,200 18 (6) Cau Trang Canal 80 24 40 280 1,200 18 (7) WWTP, sewers, 50 24 25 175 750 PSs 18 (8) Resettlement sites 50 12 25 175 750 9 TOTAL 490 160 245 1,715 7,350 144 The volume of domestic solid waste generated each day at each work item during construction phase is small, from about 15 - 100 kg/day or 750 - 1500 kg/month. Despite of this small generated solid waste volume, without proper collection and treatment measures, this waste can be pollution source with bad odor, place of flies, mosquitoes, rats, bacteria, waste leakage…, directly affecting public and workers’ health, and decreasing the area’s aesthetics value as well as affecting environmental sanitation of neighboring areas. So, the impact of domestic waste is considered to be medium and can be mitigated. ➢ Hazardous solid waste: A small amount of hazardous waste may be generated during the construction process, including gasoline, waste oil, oily rags, paint containers mainly from repair work, maintenance of vehicles and machinery, construction equipment, etc. If such hazardous waste and materials are not managed properly, environmental and health hazards (spill, fire, explosion, erosion etc.) related to the storage, transportation, storage, handling and disposal may occur. The risk related to hazardous wastes and materials is assessed to be medium and manageable as detailed in the Environmental and Social Management Plan. 3.4.1.5 Water Quality Reduction Surface water quality in the project area may be affected with increased total suspended solid (TSS), some oil and grease, BOD, nutrient contents, DO, coliform and salinity. Primarily, dredging is would be the main cause of surfacewater quality reduction in the Project area. The sources of these pollutants are from surface runoff containing high TSS after passing disturbed/excavated areas or granular material loads, construction wastewater containing high contents of solids, some oil and grease, wastewater from workers’ camps containing high BOD, nutrient contents, and coliform. Surfacewater quality would also be affected if construction plants are washed in water sources. Total suspended solids in surfacewater sources in the project area would be significant increase in rainy season when soil surface in large construction areas such as the WWTP site or the resettlement site, or if many locations in the project area are disturbed at the same time, or when 96 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province large amount of excavated/ filling materials are temporarily loaded at one time without adequate mitigation measures are applied. However, in practice, the risks of increased suspended solids and turbidity in water is lower due to the works are divided into construction packages and not all are to be implemented at the same time; Turbidity and total solids in the Cau Trang and Than canals would be highest when dredging taking place. Wastewater drained from dredged materials containing high solid contents may affect the water quality at the receptor surrounding temporary loading areas. For the Do Be bridge construction, the water quality at the river would be affected with increased turbidity from bentonite used for drilling, with increased oils and grease contents that may be leaked into the river from the barge supporting bridge construction, and with higher solid contents from excavation for pile foundation construction. Oil and grease plus solid contents in a surfacewater source if oils from containers at construction sites is leaked and enter surface runoff, or if machine and equipment are washed in water bodies. However, the risk is low and manageable. This is because for the pipeline packages (in which pre-casted pipes are installed), most of the works would be done by machines (cranes, bulldozer, excavator etc.). The manual works carried out by the workers would be mostly for finalization and site cleaning (for which mostly shavers and sweepers would be used). Bridge construction and river dredging would follow similar practice. Construction plants such as trucks, vehicles, bulldozers, excavators would not be washed on- site in the city at or nearby construction sites but in other designated areas or workshops where wastewater is not discharged directly into any water bodies. Only in regarding to embankment lining or drains to be built on-site, would some works be done manually by the workers with mason tools. Washing of manual tools depends on availability of water and workers’ awareness. Tool washing practice can be monitored and is manageable. BOD5, N and P, Coliform are the main pollutants added into to surfacewater by domestic wastewater from worker’s camps. At the maximum camp of 100 workers, wastewater was estimated at 3.84 m3 per day (4,147 m3/3years), if untreated but discharged directly into the environment, it can contribute to the deterioration of water quality in the surrounding area. Wastewater from camps can be managed for minimizing its potential impacts onto surfacewater quality. Salinity in the Than canal water may be affected during construction phase when the saltwater intrusion control gate is open while being repaired. Currently the gate functions to prevent saline water from the sea from coming into the irrigation canal during high tide, keep fresh water for the Than canal for irrigation. In flood season, the gate is opens to drain water from Than canal to Lach Bang river and flows to the sea. Therefore, if the gate is open during repair, saline water from Lach Bang river may enters the Than canal causing water quality reduction the canal. This risk is manageable by construction method described in Section 5.1.5.4. 97 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..11: Location for rehabilitation of salinity control gate on Than canal 3.4.1.6 Impact on Biological Resources Impact on biological resources in the project areas is mainly due to: (i) site clearance which will affect terrestrial species and (ii) dredging of Than and Cau Trang canals which will affect aquatic life. Impacts on Terrestrial Biology: The activities for site clearance will affect trees, vegetation and some terrestrial species. Site clearance would remove vegetation cover in 262,460 m2 rice field, 86,665 m2 vegetable crop land. Total 37,996 fruit trees (such as jackfruit, coconut, banana, etc.) and other wood trees (such as tamarind, eucalyptus, acacia, bamboo, etc.). These vegetation and trees will be permanently cut down. In addition, there are some shrubby plants and trees in the fallow will also be cleared. Removal of the trees in garden and cultivation land will affect the animals (rat, bat, bird...), insects (bees, butterflies etc.) living in each area. The number and species affected by construction are not large, mainly species such as frogs, frogs, snakes, invertebrates, etc. living along canals, rivers and roads and agricultural land and plantation forest affected by the project. These species are not of rare species and when cleared they are able to move to other sites in the area. As the salinity in dredged materials from the Cau Trang canal is around 3%o, and slightly more than 5%o in that of the Than canal, if these materials fill up agricultural/garden land, vegetation covers, crop and trees may be affected seriously. On the other hand, if surface runoff passing such dredging materials before entering agricultural/garden land, similar effects may also happen. The impacts of salinity on plants and salinity tolerance ranges of some crops trees are shown in the Box below. Impacts of Salinity on Plants Plant species vary in how well they tolerate salt-affected soils. Some plants will tolerate high levels of salinity while others can tolerate little or no salinity. Perennial plants seem to handle salinity better than annual plants. In some cases, salinity also has a toxic effect on plants because of the high concentration of certain salts in the soil. Salinity prevents the plants from taking up the proper balance of nutrients they require for healthy growth[1]. 98 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Salinity tolerance ranges of some types trees and plants as shown below[2]: Fruit Trees: oranges, grape fruit: 2%o, mango: 4%o, sugar canes: 2%o, coconuts: 7%o. Rice: 2%o, only when young and multiplying. Rice is very sensitive with salinity during flowering. Corn: 1%o, tomatoes: 2%o, beans: 5%o [1] Salt Tolerance of Plants, Albeta Agriculture and Forestry, http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/ all/agdex3303. Accessed 30 November 2017. [2] Salinity tolerance of some crops, Vietnam Sugarcane research institute. http://www.vienmiaduong.vn/vi/ detailkhoa.php?idTin=793, accessed 30 November 2017. The potential impacts and risks related to salinity from dredged materials onto vegetation cover/agricultural land would be significant if the materials and surface runoff passing temporary and permanent disposal areas are not managed properly. This impact and risk can be managed by isolating the materials from surrounding soil and water, and control of surface runoff passing disposal sites as discussed in the DDMP. Impacts on Aquatic Species: As discussed in Chapter 2, biological values of the ecosystems in the Cau Trang canal and Than canal are very limited due to the following factors: - The canals are man-made, approximately 5 km long for Than canal and 5.7 km long for Cau Trang, and originated from paddy fields upstream. Only the downstream is connected to the Yen river which is a natural river (farther 20 km from subproject site); - Along its length, the canal is fed by drainage channels in the catchment but by no natural streams or river; - The main function of the river is drainage for an urbanised catchment and irrigation canal. The catchment has been largely modified by extensive human activities over a long period; - Currently Cau Trang canal water is polluted with TSS, Coliform exceeding standards by 1.36 times (Table 2.3, Chapter 2); The remaining sections of Than canal have been modified previously by other provincial-financed projects; - Although the Than canal is connected to the sea, the interactions between freshwater in the canal with sea water is very limited as the gates are closed most of the time (no running water near the gate) when canal water level is lower than seawater level. It is open mainly for draining flood water. The above finding has been supported by the site observation, it is poor in both quantity and diversity. The composition of phytoplankton is mainly on Than canal: diatoms, cyanobacteria and algae. The composition of the zooplankton consists of the following groups: protozoa, Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotatoria, Ostracoda and insect larvae. Among of which, the Rotatoria has a higher number of species and then the groups of Ostracoda and Cladocera. Other aquatic animals such as: shrimp, sardines, Decapterus macrosoma and Ilisha elongata also exist in the subproject area. In summary, there is no known rare or endangered species in the project area. Therefore, the small quantity of aquatic organisms living Than canal would be affected seriously by dredging activity. Some aquatic species can go with the pumped water to the neighboring area prior to construction of the retaining dike and will continue living at that area. Some benthos species can die when the mud layer is broken byy dredging or they can be taken out fof water with the mud. Aquatic species can also be affected by the pollutants coming into surfacewater from construction sites. Increased turbidity in water may cause difficulties to their respirations, photosynthesis…. Under water’s diluting and self-cleaning capacity and with the fact that the mud can deposit after a certain time period, this impact will be temporary. Photosynthesis and 99 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province respiration of many species will be recovered when the pollutant content decreases. The impact levels are low, short-term, local, but it is necessary to apply mitigable measures. The impacts on biological resources are assessed to be at MEDIUM level and the area of influence is within the land acquisition boundary Also, these impacts are temporarily happening during construction and they will soon be stabilized once the subproject is in the operation phase. 3.4.1.7 Impacts on Landscape Landscape in the project area will be affected during construction phase. Green space in the project area will be reduced due to excavation of some existing vegetation areas and due to cutting down of some trees and productive forest for site clearance. The gathering of bulky construction material, heaps of excavated and backfilled material, gathering of construction machinery and construction waste as well as the open channels created during construction of the wastewater collection system and wastewater pumping station will cause negative impacts on the urban landscape. As mentioned in the section 6 about the impact on biological, site clearance will require excavation of 262,460 m2 of rice field and 86,665 m2 vegetable crop land. 37,996 fruit trees in garden land and 34,819 m2 wooden trees such as tamarind, eucalyptus, acacia, bamboo, etc. together with 9,728 bonsai trees will be removed. With such removal, Landscape will be changed from green land into barren soil during the construction phase (which lasts from 6 to 36 months, variable between the work items). However, as described in Chapter 2, the affected green areas are scatterly distributed so they do not have great contribution in landscape value. Therefore, the impact on landscape due to loss of one part of vegetation and trees is at low level. Landscape in the project area would also be affected by the construction sites with, fences, bulky materials, excavated soil, open channels under construction, temporary loaded construction materials and wastes. This impact will last from 6-36 months at the construction sites of 4km interceptor, 2 wastewater pumping stations, the centralized WWTP, 10km of new coastal road and the Son Hai bridge on the route, 2km of new Binh Minh road, 1km new road connecting NH1A to Ninh Hai bridge, demolition of the old Do Be bridge and construction of the new Do Be bridge at the same location, dredging and lining embankment for two banks of Than and Cau Trang canals, construction of infrastructure system for the 4.5ha resettlement area Landscape in the densely populated along Cau Trang canal where there is dredging work and construction of the interceptor (see Figure 3.4) will be most severely affected. Without proper management and mitigation measures, landscape and aesthetics of the area along Than canal and Cau Trang canal will also be affected by bad odor, temporary loaded construction material and mud leakage…Locations and sensitive receptors of the landscape impact during construction phase include: (1) Than canal: the residential area at the end section of the rehabilitated Than canal (Do Be bridge area) where there are about 100 households including 11 seafood trader households at a distance of 50-200m from Than canal’s dredging area and Do Be construction site. (2) Cau Trang canal: Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00), at a distance of 30-100m, of which 9 households are catering service/entertainment service providers; Township kindergarten (Km 2+900) at a distance of 50 m; Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 3+00 to Km 3+500) at a distance of 100 m. Besides, the temporary storage of waste, parking of truck, gathering of construction machinery such a bulldozer, excavator, roller…and workers’ camps on the vacant land areas near the coastal road, Cau Trang, Than canals… will also affect landscape in these areas. 100 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province In general, these work items are scattered, mainly along the route at the 7 communes and Tinh Gia township and are implemented in two phases during 4 to 5 years. Therefore, the impact on landscape is only localized at each construction site and it is assessed to be medium and mitigable. 3.4.1.8 Increased Erosion and Landslide Risks Land slide and erosion risks may also be increased at the disposal sites where the ground would be disturbed, and ground elevation will be changed. The level of risks depends on existing ground conditions and the height of the dumps. With the five proposed disposal sites, the height of the dumps is estimated below: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..59. Estimated Height of the Dumps Disposal Site Land Existing ground Volume of Dump Height/ Ground Area conditions Disposal Level after Disposal (ha) (m3) Xuan Lam commune 8 Pond, 2.5 m deep 300,000 1.3 m higher than the surroundings Mai Lam commune 1 0.5 m lower than the 20,000 1.5 m higher than the surrounding surroundings Tuong Son commune 3 8 m deep pond 250,000 Same level as the surrounding ground Do Be (dredging 4.5 70,000 1.5 m higher than existing materials) ground level Lach Bang (dredging 2.5 50,000 2 m higher than existing materials) ground level Total 19 690,000 As ground level at four out of five disposal sites will be from 1.3 to 2 m higher than the surround ground level, some slops will be formed. There will be land slide risks on these slops if the soil is not compacted, the slopes are not shaped and stablised properly. The risks would be higher in rainy season than dry season. On the other hand, erosion may also occur on the surface and particularly on slopes of barren dumps in both seasons under the effects of wind and rainwater. Erosion and land slide risks is at moderate level as the height of the dump and land area at each disposal site is limited. The potential impacts and risks can be minimized by levelling the dumped areas regularly. 3.4.1.9 Increased Localised Flooding and Sedimentation Risks The project’s localized flooding and sedimentation risks can be as follows: Construction materials, dredged materials and excavated soil can block the existing rain water drainage causing localized flooding. However, the construction of interceptors and wastewater collection sewer is usually conducted by successive method so the localized flooding risk is no very high. The construction site of the wastewater pumping stations (PS1is near Cong bridge in Tinh Gia township, PS2 is at the junction between Binh Minh-Sao Vang road and Cau Trang canal) are the area bearing the highest risk of localized flooding due to construction activity. Other remaining areas are newly constructed and have good natural drainage system through two main canals namely Than and Cau Trang and mainly vacant land area along the route so the localized flooding risk by the construction activities is low. Localized flooding can also happen at the area for gathering dredged material from Than and Cau Trang canals. 101 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Heaving for construction of the WWTP and the resettlement area which are currently located on low-lying areas will also reduce rainwater temporary storage capacity in the areas. Then rainwater will run faster to the drainage canals around the resettlement area. When constructing the new roads, the roadbed will be filled to heave to the design elevation. Then, the new filled road will become a dike disturbing the existing rainwater drainage at the two sides of the road along its entire length. Localized flooding will likely occur if cross culverts are not constructed timely. This risk can be moderated and mitigated by designing solutions and planning to avoid road construction in the rainy season. 3.4.1.10 Traffic Disturbance and Increased Traffic Safety Risks During construction phase, it was estimated that 132 trips of vehicles will be added to the traffic flow in the project area if all the work items are built at the same time. Most of them are heavy- loaded vehicles, some routes of transportation passing residential areas. The increased number of heavy-loaded vehicles may disturb traffic and cause increased traffic safety risks. The main roads to be affected with traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks are the Luong Van Yen road, Luong chi road and Ngo Chau Luu road. However, as the construction will be divided into phases with number of construction packages thus the quantity of vehicles added to traffic flow in the project area is much fewer than the estimated 132 trips per day. The impact is temporary, intermittently but lasts in 3 years. In addition, traffic disturbances not only occur due to increased traffic density by means of transport, but also due to other causes, such as the road surface is narrowed by pipeline construction, parking of vehicle, unloading/loading of materials and waste occupy the road surface. These lead to increased traffic density and traffic accident risks. Due to the fact that the sewer system will be constructed successively so the traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks will mainly be localized. The risk of traffic accidents will be high during peak hours and at night, around the areas where there is the open ditch under construction. The two most affected areas from traffic disturbance and increased road safety risks are: (1) Tinh Gia township along Cau Trang canal: Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00), Township kindergarten (Km 2+900), Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 3+00 to Km 3+500). (2) Do Be bridge area: Residential area at the bridge end to Hai Thanh inter-communal road. People’s movement will also be disturbed when construction of sewer system hinders people’s access to residential houses and roadside works. Trucks transporting materials when running into some internal roads to access the construction site will also increase the risk of traffic safety on these roads. In particular, the internal roads in the residential areas where the coastal road passes through can also be interrupted, increasing traffic safety risk . The residential areas along the road in Ninh Hai commune at Km 0+600 Km 1+100, the residential areas at Km 1+150 to Km 1+300, Km 1+700 to Km 1+900, Km 2+400 to Km 2+900), Km 3+500 to Km 2+700), Km 4+600 to Km 4+900, Km 5+640 to Km 6+00, Km 9+700 to Km 10+00) will be affected with traffic disturbance and traffic safety; It should be noted that the existing Do Be bridge will be demolished for completely new construction. Therefore, transport on this bridge will also be interrupted during construction. This effect will be partially mitigated because the contractor usually makes temporary road in parallel to the existing bridge before dismantling to ensure traffic circulation. On the other hand, there are also alternative access to the two ends of the Do Be Bridge by using the nearby bridges/ roads such as Binh Minh bridge, Ben Ngao sluice. Traffic disturbance and traffic safety risk at Do Be bridge should be mitigated traffic diversion and applying other mitigation measures described in Chapter 5 – Environmental Management Plan. 102 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Some schools in Tinh Gia township, such as the kindergarten at Km 2 + 900 of the Cau Trang canal are the areas sensitive to traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks during school time. Thus the impact on traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risk is assessed at a medium level and can be minimized. The impact on traffic will be limited if project owners and contractors have a reasonable construction plan, coordinate with local governments in regulating traffic and having legal and economic sanction in transportation. 3.4.1.11 Damages to Existing Infrastructure and Disruptions to Related Services Tinh Gia township residential area along Cau Trang canal and other construction sites has many electricity poles, canal bridges and water supply along the canal. The project’s construction phase can damage or disrupt these services. Besides, roads power cables on the major transportation routes will also be at risk of being damaged because the heavy trucks’ operation on the road can damage road surface, collapse the culvert and break electrical lines if carrying bulky materials. Ngo Chau Luu, Luong Van Yen and Luong Chi roads are the main roads at this risk. 3.4.1.12 Social Issues, Labour and Influx of Workers In addition to land acquisition and its related impacts, communities and households not affected by land acquisition in the project areas would also be affected by other social impacts. These may include: • Reduced incomes of road-side business households due to dusts and limited accessibility to shops • Community disturbance due to construction impacts (increased dust, noise and traffic traffics, obstruct access to road-side houses etc.) • Social impacts and issues related to influx of workers Reducing Incomes Business Households. Along about 1 km at the beginnning section of Ngo Chan Luu, Luong Van Yen and Luong Tri there are some shops/small business households. During construction phase, part of the road may be occupied for construction activities, parking machineries or material loading. Such activities may cause or make the local people feel inconvenience to enter shops and road-side business, or customers may feel it is un-hygenic thus they done come to drinking/eating places in dusty area. With less customers, the incomes of these road-side business would be redued. This potential impacts will be reduced by carrying out construction in stages. Community Disturbance due to Construction Impacts. Roadside households would be disturbed by dusts, noise, vibration temporary reduced accessibility to their houses which are located along the road. These impacts may make the affected families change/modify their routine activities as studying (of children), cooking, eating and resting, entertainment, etc. On the other hand, traffic disturbance and increased traffic and safety risk or localized flooding may affect travel habits of household members, particularly in temporary flooded/muddy areas. However, that impacts occur only in short, intermittent time and can be minimized if applied appropriate measures. Social Impacts and Issues Related to Influx of Workers Community Disturbance due to mobilisation of workers to the Project areas. It is estimated that the subproject will mobilize about 490 workers possibly comes from others localities to live and work in the Project area during construction phase. This number of workers compared to the total population of each ward/commune in the project area (about 250,000 people, including 103 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 4% or 1,049 Thai ethnic people) is quite small. Whether living in rented accomodation or in camps set up by the Contractors, there will be some interactions between the workers with local community. Social disturbance or even conflicts may be arisen when the workers are presence in the project area due to: - The workers come from other places with different income, employment, reputation and expectations etc. - Language used by the workers, their behaviours or ways of living not suitable to local culture/customs, particularly if they involve in drinking, gambling, sexual harassment or prostitution. - Construction impacts, particularly waste and wastewater, cause nuisance, disturbance or even disruption to daily activities of local communities. - Sanitation conditions at workers’ living areas/camps is poor, causing environmental pollution which pose health risks for local communities. In terms of income level, nearly 60% households in the subproject area have main income source from wages from their employers. The popular income level is around 5 million dongs/month per household. Therefore, there may be some differences in the income levels between the households and the workers and this could be one of the cause to potential social issues. With regards to language used and workers’ behavious, culture and customs, particular attentions should be paid to the 4% of Thai ethnic minority population living in the project area. Social conflicts may happen if the workers use unsuitable language or have behaviours that shows irrespects to the local people. Social conflicts would be serios if the workers harrass local women, or involve in drinking, gambling. Particularly, serious long term health impacts if the workers involve in prostitutions as that would be the cause of STD, HIV/AIDs. In reality each construction company usually apply certain rules to manage the workers, prohibiting inappropriate behaviors and enforcing healty lifestyles. Such regulations would be helpful for managing social impacts. However, current regulations may not be sufficient to manage all social risks/impacts and should be strengthened if a bidder wins the contract in the project. Related to construction impacts, only the Cong town is relative populated, the existing land use in other construction sites are mostly agricultural land. People in the project area have been infomred and consulted about the project proposal and related impacts, they should also understand the benefits of the project thus it is likely that local people would be able to sympathy and accept the temporary negative construction impacts. Therefore social conflicts due to construction impacts should be small. Additionallly, local authorities in the project area have regulations on the temporary residence, temporary residence for the management of residents and temporary residents in the area. This will contribute to maintaining social security in the project area. With regards to camp conditions, it is likely that some contractors may set up camps for the workers to live in during construction phase, the others could rent houses of local residents to provide accommodation for the workers. In both cases, if localised pollution is caused from the workers’ accommodations, nuisance and health impacts on to the nearby households would lead to social conflicts. It is noticeable that Vietnam Labour Code (article 165) regulates that employers are prohibited to use people under 18 years of age to carry heavy objects, work at construction sites, to carry out works for demolition of structures, or work under water. Therefore, the age of workers hired by the contractors should be monitored during construction phase of the Project to ensure with this regulation. 104 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Generally, the potential social impacts and risks of the subproject would be at low to moderate and manageable by the measures presented in Chapter 5. 3.4.1.13 Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources The project’s construction phase can affect some PCRs in the project areas. There are no PCRs affected by land acquisition, the impacts of construction in these areas are mainly due to dust, noise, traffic hinderance and aesthetics impact due to construction activities and loading of materials. The impact level is moderate because the construction time can last several days at the areas where successive construction method is applied, or up to 3-6 months at other areas. Religious activities (pagoda visits, festival activities…) can be affected especially on the 15th day and 1st day of Lunar month. The consultation with key people in these religious and belief works which are sensitive to the project impact show that, in great feast-days, there will be large number of Buddhists gathering and joining in the worshiping activities. Construction and gathering of material at this time will cause traffic hinderance, affect the psychology and level of satisfaction of pagoda’s monks and visitors. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..60. Physical Cultural Resources affected by Construction Impact Receptors Picture Description Impacts Section 1: Start point intersecting with the planned coastal road - Dust may affect the About 50m from temple structure construction area - Material and wastes may affect landscape and This is the temple for hinder access, Le Van ancestral worshiping Le Van’s - temple Noise may disturb ancestry. Worshiping worshiping activities on (Km 0+500) activities happen 1st and 15th lunar month particularly on the first - Unsuitable language or day and 15th day of behaviours of workers every solar month. may be offensive to the relic keeper and visitors - Dust may affect the structure, noise may disturb worshiping activities on 1st and 15th - Provincial historical lunar month relic, for worshiping - Material and wastes may General Truong family’s members. affect landscape and Cong Xuan relic Distance from hinder access, (Km 1+300) construction area: 50 m - Unsuitable language or behaviours of workers may be offensive - Risks of traffic disturbance, accidents and safety on access road - Provincial historical - Traffic disturbance on relic, for worshiping access road General Pham Van family’s members. - Material and wastes may Doan relic (Km affect landscape, hinder - Distance from 1+500) access. construction area: 50 m 105 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Receptors Picture Description Impacts - Dust may affect the structure - Noise may disturb worshiping activities on 1st and 15th lunar month - Unsuitable language or behaviours of workers may be offensive Traffic disturbance on access road Section 2: Start point of Do Be bridge (Km 5+640) Khanh pagoda is - Material and wastes may located in Binh Minh affect landscape and commune. hinder access, This is a Buddhist - Noise may disturb pagoda where local worshiping activities on Khanh Pagoda 1st and 15th Lunar month people come to (Km 7+900) worship, particularly - Unsuitable language or on the 1st and 15th of behaviours of workers lunar month. may be offensive to the relic keeper and visitors Distance from construction area: 30m. Binh Minh road Cemetery There are 20 graves of - Disturb access to graves (Km 1+000 to Binh Minh commune’s and worshipping 1+080) people. activities, particularly on Distance from 1st and 15th of lunar construction area: 50 m month - Insects may attack the workers Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach - Disturb access to graves There are about 50 and worshipping Cemetery area graves of Binh Minh activities, particularly on (Km 0+100 to commune’s residents, 1st and 15th of lunar 0+200) about 50m from month construction site - Insects may attack the workers As the subproject involves relative large quantity of excavation and dredging, there are chances that artifacts may be exposed during the execution of earth works. Therefore, a chance find procedure need to be developed and included in the ESMP. 3.4.1.14 Occupational Health and Safety risks to the Workers Accident Risks Accidents may happen at any stage during construction phase, the causes include: - Workers working on the canal (constructing embankment, constructing canal-cross bridge) are at risk of being drowned due to their carelessness or tiredness or not following 106 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province regulations on occupational safety when performing their construction activities at these areas. - Outdoor workers exposed to hot weather (in summer, temperature can reach 380C - 400C), Extreme weather events such as heavy rain, storms, flush flood, or extreme hot weather. - Environmental pollution may cause fatigue, dizziness or fainting for workers during their work. - Operations of machines and equipment used for loading/unloading materials and equipment, dredging, excavation, construction and transport of materials. - Land slide at deep excavation sites. - Injuries due to insect bites, broken grass when working in the bush during site clearance, - Accident risk for the workers when dismantled or broken materials falling during the demolition of the existing Do Be bridge. Generally, the risk of labor accident on construction sites is minor and can be mitigated by suitable solution such as training on occupational safety before and during the construction process and provision of sufficient protective equipment for workers. Risks of Fire, explosion and leakage of fuel Fire and explosion may occur during transport, storage, handling and usage of fuel, or failure in the temporary power supply system. These hazards may cause loss of life and damage to property during the construction phase. The specific causes are identified as follows: - The temporary fuel and material warehouse (gas, DO oil, FO oil, welding gas, etc.) are the source of chemical leakage, fire and explosion. The occurrence of such incidents may relate to smoking, oil and gas handling/usage practices and can cause serious damage to people, society, economy and the environment. - Fire risk may happen when operating construction machineries, welding and vehicles using gasoline and diesel without compliance with fire regulations. In addition, there can be forest fire hazard at the construction site of the coastal line crossing the Casuarina forest due to worker’s smoking or fire using activities. - There can also be risks of electric fire, gas tank explosion, particularly mini gas bottles. In general, for the subproject, the fire and explosion risk are low because construction sites mainly on river/canal, at open space and far from residential areas (50 - 500m). If there is any fire and explosion incidence, it will only affect workers, but this impact is at low level, in small scale and can be mitigable by suitable methods. 3.4.1.15 Health and Safety Risk to the Community The construction process will cause some health effects and increase the safety risks for local residents living in residential areas and some sensitive works. Health effects are mainly due to environmental impacts during construction such as dust, noise or odor from dredged materials when they are temporarily stored. In addition, without good management, waste and wastewater from construction sites, especially workers’ camps, will be a source of health safety risk to the community. During project construction, the ground surface will be disturbed, no longer flat, some wires or generators, water pipes ... will be temporarily installed, open channels and deep holes will be under construction, new slopes will be formed and bulky materials will be temporarily gathered. These will be the causes for safety risk of pedestrians and vehicles passing through the construction site if appropriate mitigation measures are not fully applied. Pedestrians will encounter the risk of being injured by treading on nails, pieces of iron, pointed wood, ... when passing through the construction site; they can fall when passing through muddy or slippery 107 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province areas caused by the mud from the site in rain or they can fall into a deep water hole in rains if there is no proper coverage or warning measure. Accident risk will be higher at relatively high traffic areas or at night. These risks are less likely to occur if there is good warning and coverage measures, but if they occur, they can be life threatening and would require strict compliance with safety measures on site. The households living to be affected are those located along the transportation route and near construction sites will be affected with health and safety risks. These include: (1) The coastal road: Residential areas at Km 1+150 to Km 1+300, Km 1+700 to Km 1+900, Km 2+400 to Km 2+900), Km 3+500 to Km 2+700), Km 4+600 to Km 4+900, Km 5+640 to Km 6+00, Km 9+700 to Km 10+00); (2) Cau Trang canal and the wastewater collection sewer: Tinh Gia township residential area (Km 2+00 to Km 3+00). (3) Do Be bridge: Residential area at the bridge end to Hai Thanh inter-communal road. (4) Residential areas on the transportation routes including: (i) Ngo Chan Luu road to Hai Hoa beach, in Tinh Gia district (3 km long): Residential areas along two sides of road; 5 business households; (i) Luong Van Yen road lead to Hai Hoa beach, in Tinh Gia district (3 km long): Residential areas along two sides of road, About 7 business HH; Cultural house in Le hamlet; (iii) Luong Chi road lead to Bach Lang bridge in Binh Minh commune: Residential areas along two sides of road, About 10 business households. Other project areas are vacant land or distanced from residential areas, or are thinly populated area so there will be very low health and safety risk to the community. Therefore, the impact on community health and safety risks during the construction phase can be considered at moderate and can be managed by the measures presented in the ESMP chapter. 3.4.1.16 Impacts of Blasting During the construction of the coastal road, rock blasting will be conducted to build the section from Km 3+190 to Km 3+500. Expected blasting method used is electric ticking time explosion with a hole diameter of 30-50mm  and 2-2.5m depth Blasting will generate vibration, dust and emissions such as CO, CO2, SO2, etc. which are shown in the following table 3.32. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..61. Emission Level of Blasting Areas measured Dust mg/m3) Noise (dB) Emission (mg/m3) CO CO2 SO2 40 min after blasting at 500-600 160 1% 2% - distance of 30-40m Rock shoveling after blasting 1,6-5 90-110 1,3-2 0.2 0.73 1Km away downwind 0,4-0,6 75-80 - - - Source: Urgent issues on labor environment in stone exploitation and processing in Vietnam, 1999. According to research results, immediately after blasting there will be a large amount of dust and emissions releasing into the surroundings. However, these emissions have local impacts and the dust concentration arising from the blasting will decline gradually with increasing distance from the epicenter of the explosion. At a distance of 1 km downwind from the epicenter 108 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province of the explosion, volume of dust and noise recorded are still higher than permitted limits and ranges from 0.4-0.6 mg/m3 12 for dust and from 75-80 dB for noise13. One of the important factor related to environmental impact assessment of blasting is the minimum safety distance (rmin) between boundary of the affected area by air wave and location of the technicians. According to research results of Dong Nai Department of Industry (2006) of the quarry in Dong Nai province, a safe distance calculated for each explosion is. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..62: Safe Distance No Scale of explosion Q (kg) Safety distance r min (m) 1 100 70 2 200 88 3 300 100 4 400 111 5 500 119 6 1,000 150 Along with that, a safe distance of explosion vibration for houses and building by one exploding is calculated using the formula: rc  K c Q ( m) When: - rc is safety distance (m); - Kc is dependent coefficient and ground nature of protected buildings (K c=8) - is a coefficient dependent on exploding impact indicator n ( = 1,2) Also according to the research results of Dong Nai Department of Industry (2006), a safe distance is calculated for blasting in the quarries Dong Nai province as follows. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..63. Calculated Safety Radius by Vibration of Blasting Scale No Scale of explosion Q (kg) Safety distance r c (m) 1 100 96 2 200 136 3 300 166 4 400 192 5 500 215 6 1.000 304 3.4.2 Site-specific Impacts and Risks In addition to the common construction impacts discussed in detail in the previous section, there will also be site-specific impacts. base on baseline conditions and subproject-proposals. The site-specific impacts are discussed in detail below. 12 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT-National standards on ambient air quality with dust volume limit per hour of 0,3 mg/3. 13 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT-National standards on noise limits in normal areas in a day (70dB). 109 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 3.4.2.1 The Coastal Road from Ninh Hai Beach to Lach Bang 2 Bridge This item will construct a new asphalted road with two sections: Section 1: 5.4 km long, 27 m wide; Section 2: 4.373 km long and 36 m wide. Build a new Son Hai bridge at Km 5+300 made of reinforced concrete, L = 90 m, B = 21 m crossing the Than canal; pile drilling for foundation with 40 m deep. The Figures 3.6 below shows the objects that may be sensitive to construction impacts of the coastal road. Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..12: Locations of sensitive receptors along the coastal road Details of subjects within radius of 300 m surrounding the coastal road construction site is described below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..64. Site-Specific Impacts at the Coastal Road Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks Section 1: Start point intersecting with the planned coastal road - Elevated road may block/ alternate existing drains which The start point lead to localised flooding in crop will be the land junction with - Construction materials/waste may Km NH1-Ninh Hai fill up agricultural land and 0+00 - beach (built in irrigation ditches Km phase 2) - Disturb access to agricultural land 0+500: The section cuts by farmers through - Increased bush fire risks if the Agricult agricultural land workers set fire uncontrolly ural From km 0+240 - 0+500, the production forest surrounding the construction area, land road surface will be 2 m is 50 m from the particularly in dry season above existing ground level left of the - Insects, reptiles may appear in alignment construction areas when their habitats are disturbed, they may attack the workers and cause injuries 110 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks The Le Van - Dust may affect the temple temple is located structure at about 50m from - Material and wastes may affect Km construction area. landscape and hinder access, 0+500: The temple is for - Noise may disturb worshiping Le Van worshiping Le activities on 1st and 15th lunar ancestra Van’s ancestry. month l temple Worshiping - Unsuitable language/ behaviours activities happen of workers may be offensive to on 1st and 15th of the relic keeper and visitors lunar month. - Safety risks to the public in residential areas The left side at the - Increased level of dust and noise beginning session - Construction materials and waste is the edge of a may fill up agricultural land and scatterly irrigation ditches distributed - Fragmentation of community at residential cluster, the end section Km the right side is - Localised flooding risks at 0+500 crop land section passing populated Km The end section residential clusters 1+100: cut through a - Disturbance on access and daily populated activities of HHs due to dust, residential area noise, excavation, movement of The alignment cut trucks etc. in populated area The road surface at this through three - Risks of cracking/damages to section will be 1.5 m above existing local existing weak structure, if any existing ground level roads - traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks on existing local roads This kindergarten - Traffic safety risk on the access Km is 200 m from road during peak hours: 7h-7h30; 1+150: construction site. 11h-11h30; 13h-13h30; 16h30 - Kinderg It has 20 17h30 arten classrooms, guard Ninh house, yard and Hai fence. Area 500 commu m2. There are 30 ne teachers and 400 pupils. - Increased safety risks to the The section cut public through a - Increased level of dust and noise populated - Fragmentation of community Km residential area - Localised flooding risks 1+150 with 200 - Disturbance on access and daily to Km households activities of households due to 1+300: The section cut dust, noise, excavation, Residen through two movement of trucks etc. tial area existing local - Risks of cracking/damages to roads existing weak structure, if any - Traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks on existing local roads 111 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks - Dust may affect the structure - Noise may disturb worshiping activities on 1st and 15th lunar Km - Cultural relic, month 1+300: for worshiping - Material and wastes may affect General family’s landscape and hinder access, Truong members. 50 m - Unsuitable language or Cong from construction behaviours of workers may be Xuan site offensive to the relic keeper and relic visitors - Risks of traffic disturbance, accidents and safety on access road - Construction materials and waste may fill up agricultural land and The alignment cut irrigation ditches through crop land - Risks of vegetation over Km intersected with clearance 1+300 small clusters of - Insects and reptiles may attack to Km bush land the workers and cause injuries 1+700 Cut through two - Traffic disturbance and increased existing village traffic safety risks on existing roads local roads - Disturb, interrupt traffic on the local road - Traffic disturbance on access road - Material and wastes may affect landscape and hinder access. Km - Cultural relic, - Dust may affect the structure 1+500: for worshiping - Noise may disturb worshiping General family’s activities on 1st and 15th lunar Pham members. month Van - 50 m from - Unsuitable language or Doan construction site behaviours of workers may be relic offensive to the relic keeper and visitors - Traffic disturbance on access road The alignment cut - Safety risks to the Public through a scatterly - Traffic disturbance and increased distributed traffic safety risks on village residential cluster roads Km and slots of crop - Construction materials and waste 1+700 land may fill up agricultural land and to Km cut through some irrigation ditches 1+900: small clusters of - Risks of vegetation over bush land clearance Cut through two - Insects and reptiles may attack existing village the workers and cause injuries roads 112 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks Km - Construction materials and waste 1+900 may fill up agricultural land and to Km irrigation ditches 2+400: - Risks of vegetation over the alignment cut Agricult clearance through crop land ural - Insects and reptiles may attack (first half) and land the workers and cause injuries some garden land area (second half) along the route - Safety risks to the Public The section cut - Increased level of dust and noise through a - Fragmentation of community populated - Localised flooding Km residential area - Disturbance on access and daily 2+400 with 200 activities of households due to to Km households dust, noise, excavation, 2+900: The section cut movement of trucks etc. through two - Risks of cracking/damages to existing local existing weak structure, if any roads - Traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks on existing local roads the alignment cut - Construction materials and waste through crop land may fill up agricultural land and (two ends) and irrigation ditches Km some garden land - Risks of vegetation over 2+900 (middle) clearance to Km The section cut - Insects and reptiles may attack 3+500: through two the workers and cause injuries existing local - -Traffic disturbance and increased roads including traffic safety risks on existing the road to Ninh local roads, particularly on the Hoa beach road the beach. - Safety risks to the Public The alignment cut - Increased level of dust and noise through the edges - Fragmentation of community Km of two populated - Disturbance on access and daily 3+500 residential areas activities of households due to to (50 households at dust, noise, excavation, 4+900: the beginning movement of trucks etc. Residen section and 60 HH - Risks of cracking/damages to tial area, at the end section) existing weak structure, if any Agricult The middle part - Construction materials and waste ural cut through may fill up agricultural land and land cultivation Land irrigation ditches area The alignment cut - Disturbance on accessibility to through two agricultural land existing local - Traffic disturbance and increased roads traffic safety risks on existing local roads 113 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks The alignment cut - Construction materials and waste through crop land. may fill up agricultural land and A new bridge will irrigation ditches be built in the - Disturb access to crop land Km middle of this - Traffic disturbance and increased 5+00 to section traffic safety risks on existing Km The alignment cut local roads 5+600: through an existing intercommunal road Km - Risks of Over clearance of trees 5+300: and vegetation cover at the two Son Hai ends of the bridge Construct Son Hai bridge:, - surface water quality degraded bridge crossing B=21m, due to construction materials, Than canal L=90m. excavated/ drilling materials, and The nearest house Pile bentonite is 200 m from driving: - Injury risks for the workers: construction site 40 m falling onto the canal, bush deep insects bite - Construction materials and waste The alignment cut may fill up agricultural land and Km irrigation ditches through crop land. 5+640: - Access to crop land may be Intersecting with Ending disturbed the approach road point - Traffic disturbance and traffic of Do Be bridge, section safety risks on the existing Binh Minh 1 approach road (intersects with the approach commune. road Do Be bridge) Section 2: Approach road Do Be bridge (Km 5+640) the alignment cut - Safety risk and disturbance to the through the edge residential area of a scatterly - Risks of vegetation over Km distributed clearance 5+640 residential area, - Insects and reptiles may attack to Km some bush land the workers and cause injuries 6+00: and garden land - Traffic disturbance and increased - cut through two traffic safety risks on existing local roads local roads, - Construction materials and waste Km may fill up irrigation ditches 6+00 to the alignment cut - Risks of vegetation over Km through bush land, clearance 7+600: some ponds, two - Insects and reptiles may attack Agricult local road and the workers and cause injuries ural existing irrigation - -Traffic disturbance and increased land ditch and sluice traffic safety risks on existing local roads. 114 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks - Material and wastes may affect Khanh pagoda is landscape and hinder access, 50m from Km - Noise may disturb worshiping construction area: 7+900: activities on 1st and 15th lunar worshiping Khanh month activities mostly Pagoda - Unsuitable language or take place on the behaviours of workers may be 1st and 15th day of offensive to the relic keeper and lunar month. visitors - Disturb access to crop land - Materials and wastes may fill up Km The alignment cut irrigation ditch 7+900 through land for to Km cultivation of rice 9+700: and crops (corn, peanut…) - Increased safety risks and Km the alignment cut disturbance to local residents 9+700 through scatterly - Risks of vegetation over to Km distributed clearance 10+00: residential area, - Insects and reptiles may attack Residen garden land, some the workers and cause injuries tial area ponds and two - Traffic disturbance, increased local roads traffic safety risks on local roads - Access through existing bridge will be disturbed Km - Traffic disturbance 10+640: Intersecting with Ending the access road of point Lach Bang 2 Section bridge 2 (approach road of Lach Bang 2 bridge) 3.4.2.2 Binh Minh Road to Sao Vang Road – Nghi Son Economic Zone This road alignment mainly passing rice fields in order to avoid densely populated area The road is 2.08 km long and 26.5m wide. The Figures 3.7 below shows the objects that may be sensitive to construction impacts of Binh Minh road to Sao Vang road – Nghi Son Economic Zone. Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..13: Sensitive Receptors along Binh Minh road 115 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..65. Site-Specific Impacts Along Binh Minh Road Location Picture Description Impacts Km 0+00 Intersects with NH1A Traffic disturbance and increased - Km Traffic density on NH1A traffic safety risks at the 0+050: is rather high. intersection with NH1A and near Nguyen Binh petroleum the petrol station station (km 0-0+050) located at 30 m from construction site, serving about 200 vehicles/days. Distance from construction area: 30 m Km The alignment cut - Increased safety risk, disturb 0+050 to through the edge of a local community Km residential cluster. - Construction materials and 1+000: Some rice field, waste may fill up irrigation bushland and ditches - Accessibility to crop land may be interrupted - Risks of vegetation over clearance - Insects and reptiles may attack the workers Km about 20 graves will be - Disturb access to graves and 1+000 to relocated. The remaining worshipping activities, 1+080: graves are not affected particularly on 1st and 15th of by land acquisition lunar month the ground is well- - Insects may attack the vegetated workers Km The alignment cut - Disturb access to crop land 1+080 to through agricultural - Materials and wastes may fill Km land, an existing up crop land, irrigation ditch 1+880: commune road. - Disturbance and increased The middle section run traffic safety risks at the parallelly and is very intersection with commune close to the Cau Trang road canal - Risks of materials and wastes fall into the Cau Trang canal Km The alignment cut - Community disturbance and 1+880 to through the edge of a increased safety risks Km residential cluster (in the - Disturb access to crop land 2+080: middle of the section) - Crop land and irrigation ditch Residenti Agricultural land, may be filled up al area - Traffic disturbance and An existing commune increased traffic safety risks road 116 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts at the intersection with commune road Km End point intersecting Traffic disturbance and increased 2+080: with coastal road traffic safety risks at the End point intersection with the coastal road intersecti ng with coastal road 3.4.2.3 Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads Figure 3.8 shows the sensitive receptors on the approach road of the Do Be bridge. The existing bridge crossing the Than canal is on the main road connecting Hai Thanh commune; When the existing bridge is demolished and the construction of the new bridge is on-going (takes about 10-12 months), traffic on this route will be disturbed or even disrupted. About 100-200 households at each side of the existing bridge will be affected the most by traffic Figure Error! No text of specified style in disturbance or disruption at the Do document..14: Locations of Sensitive Receptors Be bridge site. Along Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads There are two inter-communal roads crossing Than canal in the area that can be accessed. So, this impact might be minimized by the construction of a temporary bridges to maintain connectivity between the two ends of the bridge. The impact will end right after completion of the work. Site-specific impacts at Do Be bridge and approach roads are considered in Table 3.37. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..66. Site-Specific Impacts at Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads 117 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Receptors Picture Description Site-specific Impacts/Risks Agricultural land (at 2 - Disturb access to crop land sides of Hai Thanh inter- - Crop land and irrigation Upgrading commune road) ditch may be filled up the western The nearest residential - Risks on Over clearance of approach house 300m from the vegetation road of Do beginning point of the - Insects from bush may Be bridge access road attack the workers (L=220 m): The alignment is coincided Roadside is agricultural - Spreading of invasive with the existing road, and bush land plants into agricultural widen from 9 to 12 m Some invasive plants land were observed near the bridge - Disruptions of traffic on the exiting bridge Than canal is the main - Accident risks to the agricultural and drainage public underneath during irrigation canal in the bridge demolition Do Be bridge area; - surface water quality over Than The existing bridge will degraded due to canal (L=70 be demolished, a new construction materials, m) bridge will be built at the excavated/ drilling same location materials, and bentonite 3 piles will be driven into - Injury risks for the the rive bed and two workers: falling onto the abutments will be built canal, bush insects bite - Increased dust and noise level - Traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks - Temporarily disrupt There are 20 households business activities living along the road. The distance from nearest resident’s house to construction site is 10 The eastern m. approach There are 9 business road of Do households located at 30 Be bridge -100 m from (L=220 m): construction site. Thuong Hai petroleum station is located at 30m from construction site, , serving about 100 vehicles/day. The alignment is coincided with the existing road, widen from 9 to 12 m 3.4.2.4 The Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach 118 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province The road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach will be built by asphalt concrete with a total length of 1.2 km and 27 m wide. The land along two sides of the road is agricultural land. The Figures 3.9 below shows the objects that may be sensitive to construction impacts of the road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach. Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..15: Sensitive Receptors Along the Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach Some site-specific impacts and sensitive receptors by the construction of this road are considered in Table 3.38.Table Error! No text of specified style in document..67. Site- Specific Impacts along the Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach Location Picture Description Site-specific Impacts/Risks - - Traffic disturbance - - Increased traffic safety Intersection with NH 1A risks, particularly at the The start point of the junction Km 0+00: route is intersection with NH1A, which has rather high traffic density. - Increased dust and noise level at residential area The alignment passes - Increased safety risks at the near about 10 scatterly residential area distributed households - Disturb access to crop land Km located at 10 m from - Crop land and irrigation ditch 0+000 to construction site. may be filled up 0+100: The alignment cut - Risks on Over clearance of through crop land, some vegetation bush/garden land and a - Insects from bush may attack local road the workers - Traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety on existing local road - Disturb access to graves and Km 73 graves will be worshipping activities, 0+100 to relocated, the remaining particularly on 1st and 15th 0+200: graves remained at the of lunar month Cemetery same location - Insects may attack the area The ground is well- workers vegetated 119 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Site-specific Impacts/Risks - Disturb access to crop land - Crop land and irrigation ditch may be filled up - Localised flooding risks/risks on disruption of irrigation service Km The alignment cut - Risks on Over clearance of 0+200 to though crop land, five vegetation Km irrigation ditches, garden - Traffic disturbance and 0+750 land and an existing local increased traffic safety risks (end road at the intersection with point): The casuarina plantation commune road is about 50 m from the - Insects from bush may attack end of the road. the workers - Increased fire risks, damages to the trees if the workers enter the plantation area and set fire or cut tree branches for various purposes, particularly in dry season 3.4.2.5 Site-Specific Impacts at Than and Cau Trang canals The main environmental impacts and risks of canal dredging include: - Generation of dredged materials (salinity at around 5%o) requires land for temporary and final disposal - Odour, localized flooding and spreading of salinity from wastewater leaked from wet dredged materials - Public nuisance if dredging takes place near residential area - Materials drop on the way of transportation affecting other traffic means and cause public nuisance - Increased water turbidity, reduced water quality, affecting aquatic lives - Disturbance or disruptions to irrigation and drainage functions of the canal - Landslide from embankment - Accident risks for the workers - Health risks for the workers when in contact with dredged materials or expose to bad odour from there The mitigation measures for these specific impacts of canal dredging are presented in the Annex 2 – Dredging and Dredgate Management Plan. The two tables below only present site-specific impacts. The Than Canal The Than canal will be dredged and lined with embankment on its both banks with total length of 5km and dredging width of 25.5m, connecting to the existing embanked canal section, starting at Mai bridge (Km 8+893) and ending at Do Be bridge (Km 13+822). Additionally, salinity control sluice will also be rehabilitated at the ending section of Than canal about 2km from Do Be bridge to the junction between Bang river and the East Sea. At present, this canal section usually gets deposited in dry season and eroded in rainy season. The site-specific impacts and sensitive receptors by the construction of this canal are considered in Table 3.39. 120 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..16: Sensitive Receptors along Than Canal Table Error! No text of specified style in document..68. Site-Specific Impacts Along Than Canal Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks - Riverside vegetation may be The section is over cleared Km 8+893: connected to a - Disturbance to the traffic on Start at Mai concretize the Mai bridge bridge embankment Riverside is well- vegetated The two banks are - Risks about over clearance of area of bushes and riverside vegetation weeds; - Risk of filling up, flooding, or The land area damages to crops and adjoining the canal vegetation (due to 5%o banks is rice field and salinity of the dredged Km 8+893 crop land and bushes materials) in agricultural land to Km due to dredged materials and/ 10+070: or wastewater leaked from rice field, The canal crosses dredged materials temporary crop land with the agricultural disposal site irrigation ditch at Km - Safety risk for workers when 9+110 being bitten by insects, On the left bank, snakes… about 200m from the - Irrigation/drainage function of beginning point, there the existing ditch may be is a cemetery, about disturbed 35-100m from the - Dredged materials may cause construction site nuisance to cemetery visitors 121 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks - Possible impacts on the bridge This is the bridge on abutments if there is no proper Km 10 + the main dredging and reinforcing 71400: transportation route method. Noi bridge (Ngo Chan Luu road) - Odour and temporary loads of crossing crossing the Than dredged materials along the Than canal canal to Hai Ha canal may cause nuisance to beach, serving local the public and affect local people and tourists people as well as tourists - Risks about over clearance of riverside vegetation The two banks are - Risk of filling up, flooding, or area of bushes and even damages crops and weeds; vegetation (due to 5%o Km 10+714 The land area salinity of the dredged to Km adjoining the canal materials) in agricultural land 11+251 banks is rice field, when mud dredged materials Rice field crop land and bushes. and/or wastewater leaked from and crop There are two ponds dredged materials in land with area of ….on the temporary disposal site canal left bank and - Insects, reptiles such as snake right bank where may attack workers. material can be - Irrigation/drainage function of temporarily stored. the existing ditch may be disturbed Chay bridge crossing - Dredging activity may affect Than canal on the road to This is the bridge on the stability of the bridge Hai Hoa beach the main abutment transportation route - Odour and temporary loads of Km (Luong Van Yen dredged materials along the 11+250: road) crossing the canal may cause nuisance to Than canal to Hai Ha the public and affect local beach, serving local people as well as tourists people and tourists - Risks about over clearance of riverside vegetation The two banks are - Insects, reptiles such as bees or area of bushes and snakes may appear and attack weeds; the workers The land area - Risk of filling up, flooding, or adjoining the canal Km 11+250 even damages crops and banks is rice field, to Km vegetation (due to 5%o crop land and bushes. 12+370: salinity of dredged materials) Irrigation ditch is at Rice field in agricultural land due to Km 12+224. and crop dredged materials and/or There are two ponds land wastewater leaked from with area of ….on the dredged materials temporary canal left bank. disposal site The thinly populated - Irrigation and drainage Ending point is Binh Minh residential area is function may be affected bridge about 40-100m from - Bad Odour and Dredged the canal left bank. materials may cause public nuisance 122 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks - Risks about over clearance of The two banks are riverside vegetation area of bushes and - Insects, reptiles such as bees or Km 12+370 weeds; snakes may appear and attack to Km The land area the workers 13+320: adjoining the canal - Risk of filling up, flooding, or Rice field banks is rice field, and even damages crops and and crop Km crop land. vegetation (due to 5%o land There are two salinity of the dredged residential areas on materials) in agricultural land Km the canal left banks due to dredged materials 13+822: and at its ending and/or wastewater leaked from End point - section. Distance dredged materials temporary at Do Be from the nearest disposal site ridge. End point house to the canal - Bad Odour and Dredged bank is 30-80m. materials may cause public nuisance Cau Trang Canal The canal cross section is from 3-6 m wide. There are some bridges constructed by local people on some canal sections. This work items will dredge and embankment two sides of Cau Trang canal with L = 5.7 km, B= 4 - 9 m. Figure 3.11 below presents sensitive locations/receptors which can be affected by construction of the road, dredging and lining embankment of Cau Trang canal. Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..17: Sensitive Receptors Along Cau Trang Canal 123 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..69. Site-Specific Impacts along Cau Trang Canal Receptors Picture Description Impacts - Risks about over clearance of riverside vegetation - The first 800 m of the - Water in the ponds may be canal section runs affected with increased through agricultural land turbidity and salinity from - 1 km ending section dredged materials/ leaked runs through area of Km water bushes and weeds 0+000 to - Insects, reptiles such as bees - Along 500 m length of Km or snakes may appear and the canal section, there 2+000: attack the workers are some ponds Agricultura - Risk of filling up, flooding, - Irrigation canal is at l land area or damages to crops and Km 0+450 vegetation due to 5%o -800 m ending section salinity of dredged materials runs through residential - Drainage/irrigation may be area on its right bank and disrupted distance from the bank to - Bad odour and dredged the nearest house is 30m materials may cause public nuisance This canal section runs - Public nuisance, negative through center of Cong impacts on urban landscape township. Its water is from dredged materials seriously polluted due to - Odour issue domestic wastewater and - Increased safety risks waste discharge, causing - Health risks for the workers bad odor. when exposed to or in There are 100 HHs living contact with contaminated Km 2+00 along 2 canal banks. - dredged materials to Km About 10 small bridges - Community disturbance 3+500: crossing the canal is - Traffic disturbance and located within the increased traffic safety risks, residential area. particularly on the bridges, NH1 A and Le Huy NH1A and Le Huy Thuan Thuan road cut through road section crossing the the canal at that canal km3+100 and 3+250 150 m on the right is vacant land - Public nuisance due to odour, wastewater leakage and - A kindergarten at Km dredged materials odor from 2+900 50m from the dredged material may affect construction area. the children Transport peak hours - Increased safety and traffic near school are: 7h- safety along the canal, 7h30; 11h-11h30; 13h- particularly during peak hours 13h30; 16h30 - 17h30 on - Bad odor affect teaching, week days. learning and relaxing - 9 business households activities, particularly affect located along the canal children. from km 2 to km 3 - Disturbance to business households 124 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Receptors Picture Description Impacts - Risks about over clearance of riverside vegetation - Insects, reptiles such as bees - There are bushes and Km 3+500 or snakes may appear and weeds on the two banks to Km attack the workers - Agricultural land area 4+700: - Risk of filling up, flooding, or along the canal banks Agricultura even damages crops and - 50 - 200 m l land area vegetation (due to 5%o - Irrigation canal at salinity of dredged materials) Km4+ 200 in agricultural land - Drainage/irrigation may be disrupted The end section of the - Risk of filling up, flooding, or rehabilitated canal is even damages crops and near the intersection with vegetation (due to 5%o Agricultural land Binh Minh to Sao Vang salinity of the dredged Km 4+700 road; materials) in agricultural land – km Eding point At present, this area is due to dredged materials 5+700: agricultural land along and/or wastewater leaked from the canal banks. dredged materials temporary There are water intakes disposal site Binh Minh - of some irrigation canals - Irrigation may be disrupted Sao Vang road along this route. 3.4.2.6 Wastewater Collection and Treatment System The system includes a wastewater treatment plant with capacity of 500 m3 per day, 8 combined sewer overflows (CSO) and 4km sewer HDFE D200 – D300, pumping stations PS1 and PS2 in 2m x 2m = 4 m2, 2.5m - 4m deep land area. The construction WWTP and PSs areas is currently agricultural land or public land, far from residential area, however the sewers and the CSO will be built along the Cau Trang canal which is a populated residential area, there are existing infrastructure such as power supply and powerlines in this area . Residential area in Tinh Gia township Begining point Cau Trang canal PS 1 PS 2 Agricultural land WWTP Agricultural land Do Be bridge Cemetery y Than canal Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..18: Sensitive Receptors Along Sewer, PSs, WWTP 125 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province The site-specific impacts and sensitive receptors by the construction of the WWTP are considered in Table 3.41. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..70. Site-Specific Impacts at the WWTP Receptors Picture Description Site-specific Impacts/ Risks Sewer along Cau Trang canal This canal section runs - Public nuisance, negative through center of Cong town. impacts on urban Its water is seriously polluted landscape from dredged due to domestic wastewater excavation and waste discharge, causing - Increased safety risks bad odor. - Health risks for the Km 2+00 There are 100 HHs living workers when exposed to to Km along canal banks. - About 10 excavate 3+500: small bridges crossing the - Community disturbance canal is located within the - Traffic disturbance and residential area. increased traffic safety NH1 A and Le Huy Thuan risks, particularly on the road cut through the canal at bridges, NH1A and Le that km3+100 and 3+250 Huy Thuan road section 150 m on the right is vacant crossing the canal land - A kindergarten at Km - Increased safety and traffic 2+900 50m from the safety along the canal, construction area. Transport particularly during peak Km peak hours near school are: hours 2+900 7h-7h30; 11h-11h30; 13h- - Disturbance to business 13h30; 16h30 - 17h30 on households week days. - 9 business HHs are located along the canal, km 2 to km 3 Km - Risks about over clearance - There are bushes and weeds of riverside vegetation 3+500 to on the two banks - Insects, reptiles such as Km - Agricultural land area along bees or snakes may appear 4+700: the canal banks and attack the workers Agricultur - 50 - 200 m - Drainage/irrigation may be al land area - Irrigation canal at Km4+ disrupted 200 The end section of the - Irrigation may be disrupted rehabilitated canal is near the Km intersection with Binh Minh 4+700 – to Sao Vang road; km At present, this area is 5+700: agricultural land along the canal banks. There are water intakes of some irrigation canals along this route. 126 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Receptors Picture Description Site-specific Impacts/ Risks - Còng bridge crossing the - Traffic safety risks when Cau Trang canal. the PS is located near the road - Some bush and grasses on - Over clearance of the land vegetation on the land PS1, - The pump chamber is 2.5 m - Insects may attack the capacity deep workers of 26m3/h - Soil subsident risks as the pump chamber is 2.5 m deep - Safety risks for local community when passing by, particularly at night time. - At the intersections between - Over clearance of crop Bình Minh – Sao Vàng road land risks and Cầu Trắng canal, - Vehicles, construction currently is agricultural land plants and excavated PS2, materials may cause capacity - Rain water is drained damage to or fill up of 50m3/h through existing natural agricultural land drainage ditches. - Soil subsident risks as the - The pump chamber is 4 m pump chamber is 4 m deep deep - Existing land use is - Disrupt access to agricultural land agricultural land surrounding the WWTP - Ain water is drained through - Construction materials and existing natural drainage wastes may overflow onto ditches. the surrounding - Access road will be built agricultural land new 100 m on agricultural - Irrigation ditches in land and connected to the agricultural land around intercommunal road Bình the plant may be filled up Minh - Hải Thanh and blocked - Surface runoff on elevated ground at the WWTP sites may disturb existing drains and cause more serious WWTP localized flooding - Surface runoff passing the WWTP may affect the quality of Than canal - Social disturbance related to concentration of the works to the WWTP area - Environmental pollution due to waste and wastewater from Camps at the WWTP - Safety risks for the workers during the construction of WWTP discharge structure - Safety risks for community 127 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Receptors Picture Description Site-specific Impacts/ Risks Than canal will be the water - Accident risks for the body receiving wastewater workers when working on after treatment, at the section water, safety risks for the near Do Be bridge toward community upstream area, about 150m Than from the location of the canal (to WWTP. receive This is an agricultural waste- irrigation and drainage canal water) in the area; Water from no canal section is used for domestic purpose. There is no navigation on the canal. 3.4.2.7 Resettlement Sites Table Error! No text of specified style in document..71. Site-Specific Impacts at the Resettlement Sites Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks - Disrupt accessibility to agricultural land surrounding the resettlement site - Construction materials and wastes may overflow onto the surrounding agricultural land The rice-field and crop damage crop trees, affect Resettlement land area (peanut, productivity site 1: Thong corn…) in Ninh Hai - Surface runoff on elevated Nhat hamlet - commune. ground at the resettlement site Ninh Hai may disturb existing drainage commune, 1.5 About 100-150m from pattern and cause more serious ha Ninh Hai commune localized flooding residential area - Increased safety risks to the Public - Increased level of dust and noise - Disturbance on daily activities of households due to dust, noise, excavation, movement of trucks etc. Resettlement - Disrupt accessibility to site 2: Ron A vacant land area agricultural land surrounding the field- Hai Hoa which has been leveled resettlement site 0.5 ha and is under - Construction materials and management of Hai wastes may overflow onto the Hoa communal surrounding agricultural land people’s committee. causing damages to crop trees, affecting productivity About 50-100m from - Surface runoff on elevated residential area ground at the resettlement site may disturb existing drainage 128 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks pattern and cause more serious localized flooding - Increased safety risks to the Public - Increased level of dust and noise - Disturbance on daily activities of households due to dust, noise, excavation, movement of trucks etc. - Disrupt accessibility to agricultural land surrounding the resettlement site - Construction materials and wastes may overflow onto the surrounding agricultural land causing damages to crop trees, Agricultural land of affecting productivity some households in - Surface runoff on elevated Resettlement Cao Thang 3 hamlet, ground at the resettlement site site 3: Cao Nguyen Binh - Safety risks for the public Thang 3 - commune. - Erosion risks from barren soil Nguyen Binh surface may disturb existing 0.5 ha About 100m from the drainage pattern and cause more residential area serious localized flooding - Increased safety risks to the Public - Increased level of dust and noise - Disturbance on daily activities of households due to dust, noise, excavation, movement of trucks etc. - Disrupt accessibility to agricultural land surrounding the resettlement site - Construction materials and A vacant land area in wastes may overflow onto the Binh Minh commune surrounding agricultural land with majority of causing damages to crop trees, vegetation as weeds affecting productivity Resettlement and bushes. This is - Surface runoff on elevated site 4: Ray husbandry grazing area ground at the resettlement site Kenh - Binh (buffalo, cow) of local may disturb existing drainage Minh 1.5 ha people. pattern and cause more serious About 150-200m localized flooding distanced from Than - Increased safety risks to the canal and residential Public area - Increased level of dust and noise - Disturbance on daily activities of households due to dust, noise, excavation, movement of trucks etc. 129 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Picture Description Impacts/Risks - Disrupt accessibility to Watershed area of Van agricultural land surrounding the Xuan 8 hamlet, under resettlement site management of Xuan - Construction materials and Lam communal wastes may overflow onto the People’s Committee. surrounding agricultural land It is adjoining North- causing damages to crop trees, South 2 road (Bac Nam affecting productivity Resettlement 2) which has been - Surface runoff on elevated site 5: Van completed. This ground at the resettlement site Xuan 8 - Binh location is very may disturb existing drainage Minh 0.5 ha. convenient for pattern and cause more serious transportation of localized flooding material during - Increased safety risks to the operation and Public construction process. - Increased level of dust and noise It is about 100m - Disturbance on daily activities of distanced from the households due to dust, noise, nearest residential area excavation, movement of trucks etc. 3.4.2.8 Disposal Sites Table Error! No text of specified style in document..72. Site-Specific Impacts at the Disposal Sites Disposal Picture Description Site-Specific Impacts Site For Excavated Materials - Disturbance on daily activities of Xuan Lam - The disposal site is in CPC office due to dust, front of the headquarter of noise, excavation, Xuan Lam Communal movement of trucks etc. People's Committee 1. The - Increased safety and - Distance: 10 - 15 Km. disposal traffic safety at the inter- - Transport route: Along site is section with NH1A, NH1A located in particularly during peak - Storage capacity is about Xuan Lam hours 300,000 m3. commune, - Surface runoff on - This is currently vacant Tinh Gia elevated ground at the land and pond, 200m from district disposal site may disturb the nearest residential existing drainage pattern house, 500m from NH1A; and cause more serious Currently the site is in need localized flooding of leveling. - Erosion risks from barren soil surface 2. The - The disposal site is next - Surface runoff on disposal to the provincial road elevated ground at the site is DT512, 12 to 15 km from disposal site may disturb located in the construction sites. - existing drainage pattern Tuong Son Transport route: along and cause more serious commune, NH1A localized flooding Tinh Gia - Storage capacity is about - Erosion risks from district 250,000 m3. barren soil surface 130 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Disposal Picture Description Site-Specific Impacts Site - This is currently vacant land, need of leveling, more than 500m from the nearest residential house. - Surface runoff on elevated ground at the - The disposal site is in disposal site may disturb next to Bach Lang bridge existing drainage pattern 3. The with distance of 3km. and cause more serious disposal - Distance: 10 - 15 Km. localized flooding site is - Transport route: North - - Disturbance on daily located in South No.2 road --> NH1A activities of households Mai Lam - The storage capacity is due to dust, noise, commune, about 20,000 m3. excavation, movement Tinh Gia - This is currently a small of trucks district pond, need of leveling, - Safety risks for the more than 100m from the public nearest residential house. - Erosion risks from barren soil surface For Dredged Material from Than and Cau Trang canals: - The disposal site is near the salinity control sluice (Ben Ngao sluice) – at the estuary area of Lach Bang - Risk of filling up, river – Binh Minh flooding, or even commune. This is the damages crops and disposal site of Lach Bang vegetation (due to 5%o port project with area of salinity of the dredged (1) The about 3.7ha. materials) in agricultural disposal - Distance from the land due to dredged site under disposal site to the canal materials and/or the salinity dredging area is 3 - 8 km; wastewater leaked from control The main transportation dredged materials sluice (Ben route is Binh Minh inter- disposal site Ngao communal road. - Surface runoff on sluice) - Capacity 100,000 m3 elevated ground at the - The disposal site is near disposal site may disturb the Lach Bang River which existing drainage pattern was saline as reflected in and cause more serious the monitoring results of localized flooding Thanh Hoa DoNRE with a salinity on surface water of about 25-28%o. The disposal site is 100m - Risk of filling up, from Do Be bridge with flooding, or even area of about 4.5ha of damages crops and (2) The abandoned land. The vegetation (due to 5%o disposal distance from the disposal salinity of the dredged site, 100m site to the dredging area of materials) in agricultural from Do Than and Cau Trang canals land due to dredged Be bridge is 0.5 - 5 km. materials and/or The main transportation wastewater leaked from route is Binh Minh inter- dredged materials communal road. The 131 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Disposal Picture Description Site-Specific Impacts Site disposal site’s capacity is disposal site 3 about 67,500 m - Public nuisance due to (corresponding to the odour, wastewater discharge height of about leakage and dredged 1.5 m). materials odor from dredged material. - Surface runoff on elevated ground at the disposal site may disturb existing drainage pattern and cause more serious localized flooding - Safety risks for the public - Erosion risks from barren soil surface For Domestic solid waste and hazardous wastes: - Landfill/waste treatment - The risk of erosion and plant for waste and subsidence due to non- hazardous waste of Nghi Domestic compliance with the Son Environment JSC in solid waste height regulation (2-3m) Truong Lam commune, / sludge - Drainage of waste Tinh Gia district. dumps with a design - Average distance to area of 1-2 ha project areas: 20 km 3.4.3 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND RISKS DURING OPERATION Beside the potential positive impacts discussed at the beginning of Chapter 3, the construction of the proposed works may also result in the following negative impacts and risks during operation phase: 3.4.3.1 Roads and Bridges ➢ Road Safety Risks: Road safety is likely to be the key impacts during operation of the roads and bridges. Traffic safety risks would be highest at the road junctions and approach road to the bridge. This is can be addressed by the engineering solutions applied that the junctions and bridge approach road as presented in Chapter 5. ➢ Localised Flooding Risks: The road surface level after construction will be higher than that of the existing cultivation land. This may lead to localised flooding of the cultivated areas due to embankment effect of the road This risk can be addressed by inclusion of proper drains in the design of the road. ➢ Disrupt Accessibility: The Coastal road from Ninh Hai –Lach Bang 2 Bridge road will be 2-3 m higher than the existing ground level at some sections, it will be difficult for the farmers to access to their home and farm land from one side of the road to the other. This issue need to be considered during the detail design of the road. 3.4.3.2 Cau Trang and Than Canals Traffic safety risk. Traffic safety will also be a concern in the operation stage of the roads on both sides of Than canal. Particularly, vehicles or people traveling on the canal’s operation road may fall into the water and unable to make their way due to sloping and slippery bank before embankment. 132 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Limitation in access to water, canal. At present, the canal bank is low and is soil bank so the access to the canal water is relatively easy and convenient. After embankment, this can become no longer easy, convenient or safe without the steps. The above problems can be solved by a design safeguards such as providing steps on the embankment, constructing the bank higher than the road base or arranging chain as presented specifically in Chapter 5. For the Cau Trang Canal, section at the beginning of Tinh Gia township is densely populated. Without these safeguards, there will be potential incidents of falling into water or drowning, especially for old people and young children. 3.4.3.3 Wastewater Treatment Plant ➢ Impact on Water Quality of Receiving Waters The collection and treatment of wastewater in the area will help reduce pollutants discharged into Than canal. With a capacity of 500 m3/day and the treated effluent water meeting the Column B (e.g., effluent water meeting the inputs for non-domestic water supply) of the national standard on domestic waste water (QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT), the specific amounts of pollutants reduced would be as follows: BOD5: 0.75 tons/day, TSS: 0.67 tons/day, Total N: 0.13 tons/day, Total P: 0.05 tons/day. This will help improve the quality of river or canal water in the subproject area (Than canal, Lach Bang river and so on coastal sea-water at Hai Hoa beach). However, heavy rains pose a risk that may affect the water quality. As the wastewater collection system is a combined one, heavy rains may cause wastewater to overflow out into the environment or may result in larger amounts of wastewater that exceed the treatment capacity of the WWTP. This would likely lead to input overload of WWTP and damages to the equipment. However, this issue has been studied in designing the collection system. Storm water and wastewater will be collected into sewer, where a constructed 8 combined sewer overflows will separate and take the stormwater, and the remaining wastewater will be transmitted to the WWTP. The collection pipelines would be designed to ensure that the treatment capacity of the WWTP would not be exceeded, and the said impact can be eliminated. So, this impact is controlled. To evaluate the capacity of the receptor to receive the treated wastewater from Tinh Gia WWTP, the methods provided in Circular No.02/2009/BTNMT have been applied: Step 1: Preliminary assessment of the receptor, the Than canal - Water in Than canal is not a source of domestic water supply. - In Than canal, water does not have black color or a bad smell. - In Than canal, there are no indications that the lives of aquatic organisms are being threatened, and mass mortalities of aquatic species have not been reported. No algal blooming is reported. - There are no known documents or data reporting community illnesses caused by exposure to river water. Step 2: Detailed assessment of receptor’s wastewater receiving capacity to receive treated wastewater based on specific parameters: Data for assessing the wastewater receiving capacity of Than canal are as follows: - Qs (m3/s) is the instantaneous flow discharge of Than canal, measured Qs ~ 75 m3/s (in the driest month). - Qt (m3/s) is the maximum wastewater discharge Qt= 500 m3/day ~ Qt = 0.005 m3/s - Ctc (mg/L) is the limit value of pollutant concentration under the national technical regulation on surface water quality, QCVN08: 2015/BTNMT level B1. - Ct (mg/L) is the maximum concentration value of pollutants in wastewater after treatment in Tinh Gia 133 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province WWTP - Cs (mg/L) is the maximum concentration value of pollutants in Than Canal. - Safety factor Fs: follow the instructions in Circular 02/2009/BTNMT, safety factor F s has a value range of 0.3 500 m End of wind direction 100-650 50-200 5-10 - Beginning of wind direction 100-650 10-20 - - Source: 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Ermoupolis, Syros Island, Greece – Sep. 2001. Bio aerosol formation near wastewater treatment facilities The components of the WWTP are located fairly distantly from the residence areas (about 300m). In normal operation conditions with a closed treatment technology and a separated buffer zone 250m away in accordance with QCVN 07:2010/BXD standards, offensive odors are not likely to exist. The impact level is assessed to be low to medium. ➢ Noise from WWTP, Pumping stations (PSs) Noise generated from WWTP and submersible pumping stations during operation would be negligible ➢ Domestic Wastewater With about 5 staffs, the estimated domestic water supply per capita for the workers and operators at the WWTP will be 100 lit/person/day. The volume of domestic wastewater is estimated as 100% of this amount water supply demand, resulting in about 0.5 m3/day. In general, this amount of domestic wastewater is low stored/treated by drainage/sewers within the WWTP. The impacts are therefore considered to be negligible. 136 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ➢ Municipal Solid Waste It is anticipated that a total of 5 people will be responsible for managing and operating the WWTP. Each person is estimated to generate 0.5 kg of solid waste/day, or 5 kg/day for the whole staff. Waste are collected and dumped together with domestic waste collection system of the city. The impact level is assessed to be low. ➢ Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste generated from the operation of the WWTP and pumping stations is composed mostly of chemical packaging materials used in wastewater treatment, waste grease and oil, oily rags (about 100 kg/year) from maintenance tasks, and broken fluorescent lamps (about 20 kg/year), and Chemical packaging materials (about 50 kg/year) to be discarded. Such waste is a threat to the soil and water environment if dumped into the surrounding. However, such types of waste can be completely controlled during operation by the licensed unit such as Nghi Son Environment Joint Stock Company, so as to mitigate possible impacts. Besides, chlorine used in wastewater disinfection is also a hazardous gas with any leakage into the environment. Coming into contact with chlorine without protective gear can claim human lives (Continuous contact with chlorine with a concentration of 250 ppm during 30 minutes can cause death to an adult) and cause skin or eye burns. A contact with chlorine eat lower concentration will result in chronic diseases like bronchial illnesses, tooth corrosion, breathing difficulties, cough, etc. Therefore, special care must be taken during operation processes when using and handling chlorine. The impact level is assessed to be medium. 3.4.3.4 Resettlement Sites ➢ Domestic Wastewater With total 621 people (scale: 138 lots x 4.5 person/household = 621 people), the estimated domestic water supply per capita for the workers and operators at five RSs will be 100 lit/person/day. The volume of domestic wastewater is estimated as 80% of this amount water supply demand. Resulting in the Table below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..80. The Volume of Domestic Wastewater for RSs No. Total of domestic Name of RS Number wastewater of lots Persons (m3/day) 1 Resettlement site 1: Thong Nhat hamlet - Ninh Hai commune, 1.5 ha 50 225 18 2 Resettlement site 2: Ron field- Hai Hoa 0.5 ha 15 68 5 3 Resettlement site 1: Thong Nhat hamlet - Ninh Hai commune, 1.5 ha 15 68 5 4 Resettlement site 2: Ron field- Hai Hoa 0.5 ha 43 194 15 5 Resettlement site 1: Thong Nhat hamlet - Ninh Hai commune, 1.5 ha 15 68 5 6 Total 138 621 50 In general, this amount of domestic wastewater is modest. The area will be connected to the Tinh Gia WWTP for wastewater collection and treatment before discharging to surface water source. The impact level is assessed to be medium. 137 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ➢ Solid Waste Generation It is anticipated that a total of 621 people lives in the RS of Tinh Gia subproject. Each person is estimated to generate 0.5 kg of solid waste/day, or 300 kg/day (0.3 ton/day) for the whole RSs. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..81. The Volume of Domestic Wastewater from RSs No. Total domestic Name of RS Number of solid waste lots Persons (kg/day) 1 Resettlement site 1: Thong Nhat hamlet - Ninh Hai commune, 1.5 ha 50 225 113 2 Resettlement site 2: Ron field- Hai Hoa 0.5 ha 15 68 34 3 Resettlement site 1: Thong Nhat hamlet - Ninh Hai commune, 1.5 ha 15 68 34 4 Resettlement site 2: Ron field- Hai Hoa 0.5 ha 43 194 97 5 Resettlement site 1: Thong Nhat hamlet - Ninh Hai commune, 1.5 ha 15 68 34 6 Total 138 621 311 Waste are collected and dumped together with domestic waste collection system of the city at Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous waste of Nghi Son Environment JSC in Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district. So, the impacts level is assessed to be medium. ➢ Flooding Risk Four out of five resettlement sites field land or low-lying land areas (except for Resettlement site 2 - Dong Ron, Hai Hoa which is already available). These sites will have to be elevated from 1.5 m to 2.5 m above ground level on a large area from 0.5 to 1.5 ha. Therefore, if there is no proper calculation for drainage capacity and proper drainage design suitable with local drainage condition, there will be risk of localized inundation for areas surrounding the resettlement sites. However, areas for construction of project’s resettlement sites are having relatively convenient natural drainage system with two receiving waterbodies namely Cau Trang and Than canals. Particularly, upgrading and rehabilitation of these two canals have considered and calculated drainage capacity and flooding scenarios which can happen in the design process, so the impact is considered minor and can be mitigated. 3.5 INDUCED IMPACTS The design and construction of the roads in the project are in line with the land use planning of Tinh Gia City (approved in Decision 2499/QD-UBND dated 07/08/2014 by Thanh Hoa Provincial People's Committee). Accordingly, the land along the new roads will become residential areas. The main safeguard issues would be access to clean water supply, drainage, sewer, and solid waste collection. While the first three would be included as part of land development in each area, the fourth would be covered by the existing town solid waste collection service. Generally, the induced impacts would be addressed at city plan/development level instead of this subproject level. 138 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..19: Map of Land Use Master Plan 139 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province CHAPTER 4 - ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Tinh Gia DCIDP is in accordance with: i) Tinh Gia township master plan to 2030 with a vision to 2050; (ii) Orientations for planning of major technical infrastructure system; iii) Transport development plan of Thanh Hoa province up to 2020 with orientation to 2025; iv) Master plan for public transport development in Tinh Gia to 2020, orientation to 2030; v) Development planning of Nghi Son economic zone up to 2020 with orientation to 2030. 4.1 “WITHOUT PROJECT” SCENARIO Without project, Tinh Gia will continue facing with challenges of lacking of technical infrastructure as other small city. These challenges include: - Tinh Gia’s urbanization rate is very fast while its drainage system has been overloaded or degraded at some areas. If having no investments as proposed, flooded situation and pollution in these areas will be more and more serious. - Traffic density on NH1A will be more serious. - Pollution will become worse. Discharge of untreated wastewater will lead to epidemic and affect public health - Drainage capacity of Cau Trang and Than canals will not be improved. Flood will continue to happen leading to socio-economic loss and safety risk for local people. - Tourism will not be effectively exploited (there are great volume of tourist but the revenue from tourism is not high) and potential of a sea tourism city will not be utilized. - Impacts from climate change and sea level rise will be more serious compared with the case of having the project. 4.2 “WITH PROJECT” SCENARIOS With the project, it will not only bring benefits to people living in the project area but also contribute to the socio-economic development of Tinh Gia district in particular and Thanh Hoa province in general. The construction of roads for the development of urban transport system, the rehabilitation of the canal system, the construction of wastewater treatment plant and sewerage system ... will bring positive result in reduction of traffic jam, ensuring traffic safety, reducing flood and improving security as well as environmental sanitation, improve living standards of local people. Additionally, there will be benefits for tourism development such as sea tourism, resort tourism in Hai Thanh, Hai Hoa, Ninh Hai... It is forecasted that there will be 65,000 direct beneficiaries (2023) and there will be about 177,815 indirect beneficiaries under the project. The project also has a positive impact on local labor and labor structure. Firstly, the project will help create jobs for the local workforce. It is expected that about 300 unskilled and technical workers will be recruited to work in the short term during construction of the project. In addition, the project will significantly promote the development of the labor market, especially the labor market serving the needs of Nghi Son Key economic zone. Moreover, construction and upgrading of road and bridge will bring economic benefits namely: (1) saving travel time; (2) Minimizing operation cost of means of transport; (3) minimizing damage caused by traffic accidents; (4) Minimizing the impacts of climate change and sea level rise. 140 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province In general, “with project” scenario will bring more socio-economic and environmental benefits than the "without project” scenario although the “with project” scenario can bring negative impacts from medium-to-high-level during the construction of works under Component 1. These impacts are mainly potential during construction and will end when the works are completed and they can be minimized when applying technical and monitoring measures properly. 4.2.1 Analysis on Proposed Options Among the proposed work items of the project, most of the road items have only one option which is assessed to be (i) suitable for the current traffic demand and can meet the city’s development plan by 2035, (ii) in line with the current investment finance plan and socio- economic condition, (iii) suitable for traffic connectivity and in line with the planned alignment; (iv) economically and technically feasible under donor criteria. Only a few items having options which will need to be considered and compared (locally) prior to official proposal. The options are presented below. 4.2.1.1 The Coastal Road from Ninh Hai to Lach Bang 2 Bridge This work item consists of road and bridge. The bridge has only one option as presented in Chapter 1. The road has two options as follows: - Option 1: Road length L= 9.787km - Option 2: Road length L = 9.845km Table Error! No text of specified style in document..82. Comparing and Selecting Option for The Coastal Road Option 2: Criteria Option 1 (To be selected) - The road is 9.787 km long, section from - The road is 9.845km long, not crossing Km 3 + 190 to Km 3 + 500 crosses mountain Description mountain - Design speed: 60km/h - Design speed: 60km/h Alignment - The road starts from Ninh Hai beach as its - The road alignment runs along Than planned alignment and runs in parallel with river to its end point which crosses the beach at a distance of 500m from the with the North-South 22 road to Nghi beach. Son EZ and in paralle with the beach - To Km 4 + 440, the road alignment turns at a distance of 500m. It continues to right and crosses with Than river at Km 5 run along Than river to the mountain. + 960 - The road alignment continues to run - The road alignment continues to run along along Than canal to its end point Than river to its end point which crosses 141 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Option 2: Criteria Option 1 (To be selected) with the North-South 2 road to Nghi Son EZ - There are 4 curves on the road. There are 5 curves on the road - At the section running across mountain: Simple construction method Technical aspect requiring complex reinforcement for road slope, difficult for construction commencement. 3 - Large volume of excavation work - Excavation work volume: 9,863m (522.861m3) about 50 times higher than - Not forming hightlighted landscape Option 2, so it will require larger disposal - Requiring acquisition of 2.0ha of site for accommodating excavated Casuarina planted forest . material. - Avoiding the risk of land erosion and - The road will form a highlighted accident because it does not require landscape. crossing the mountain - Forest will not be affected. - Not requiring measures and cost for Environmen slope protection tal aspect - The road section running across mountain will change local landscape. There will be - More curves than Option 1 so traffic risk of land erosion leading to accident risk operation will not be as easy as Option during construction process. 1. - There should be proper measure and cost for protection of the slope - Number of curves is less than Option 2 so traffic operation will be easier than Option 2 - Land acquisition area: 381,790.84m2 - Land acquisition area: 369,365.32m2. Social - The road mainly runs through agricultural - The road mainly runs through densely aspect land and one part of residential area so the populated area so the impact of site impact on community is lower than Option clearance on community is high 2 Economic - Construction cost is lower - High construction cost aspect - Site clearance cost is lower - High site clearance cost Option 1 have more advantages and more suitable with local traffic condition, so Option 1 Conclusion will be selected. 4.2.1.2 Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads The existing Do Be bridge and its approach roads are narrow, degraded and the road to Hai Thanh commune has degraded, no longer safe for use. The work item consists of road and bridge of which the road will have one option as presented in Chapter 1 and the bridge will choose one among 2 options presented below: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..83. Comparing and Selecting Option for Upgrading Do Be Bridge Option 2 Criteria Option 1 (To be selected) - To keep the existing bridge and - To demolish the existing Do Be construct an additional unit. bridge - Bridge width: B= 22m including 3 - To construct new Do Be bridge Description reinforced concrete spans. Spans 1 including 2 pre-stressed reinforced concrete spans with L=21m, girder section. Bridge width B =20m in 142 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Option 2 Criteria Option 1 (To be selected) and 3 are 12m long and span 2 is form of reinforced concrete 15m long abutment sitting on D1200 piled based. Bridge pillar is reinforced concrete sitting on D1200 piled foundation. - The alignment is straight, without curves Technical - Simple construction - Complex construction aspect - Shorter construction time so affecting - Longer construction time so time on people and environment will be affecting time on people and shorter. environment will be longer - Lower aesthetics, normal landscape - Higher aesthetics, beautiful urban - Lower traffic disruption than Option 2 landscape because people still have the old bridge - Higher traffic disruption than Option to use. 1 when people will have to use Environmental - There will be no accident risk for bypass road or use temporary bridge aspect demolition but accident risk for drivers - Higher risk of traffic accident during due to their lack of concentration when bridge demolition and operation of running on the existing bridge while the temporary bridge another new one is under construction. - Dust, noise and vibration will be - There will be no impacts related to generated from the demolition of the bridge demolition existing bridge - Traffic operation will not be as - More convenient operation convenient as Option 2 Social aspect - Land acquisition area is 2,020m2 - Land acquisition area is 2,820m2 Economical - Higher construction cost aspect - Lower construction cost Option 2 willl be selected to ensure urban landscape, traffic safety and development Conclusion objectives of Tinh Gia in the future. 4.2.1.3 Dredging and Lining Embankment for Than Canal The work item includes: (i) dredging and lining 5 km embankment for Than canal and (ii) rehabilitation of salinity control sluice. For the rehabilitation of the salinity control sluice, there will be only one option as proposed in Chapter 1. For dredging and lining embankment, there will be two options for embankment as follows: - Option 1: Slope lining embankment by reinforced concrete and grass planting cells to prevent land erosion. - Option 2: Ecological embankment lining by sand bags and grass planting. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..84. Comparing and Selecting Option for Than Canal Embankment Criteria Option 1 (To be selected) Option 2: To line the embankment with slope To line the embankment by sand bags m=2 by reinforced concrete: and planting grasses: Description - Embankment foot will be - Embankment foot will be reinforced by stone of 1m thick. reinforced by bamboo piles 143 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Criteria Option 1 (To be selected) Option 2: - Embankment will be lined by 1. Embankment will be lined by precast concrete slabs sand bags and grass will be planted (40x40x12) on cast-in-situ for erosion protection reinforce concrete frame. Embankment top is planted with grass for erosion protection - Higher structural stability. - Lower structural stability. - Complex construction method, - Simple construction method, faster longer construction time because construction time. Technical aspect it will require precast reinforced - Complicated and more frequent concreting work maintenance - Easier operation and maintenance - The embankment will be more - The embankment is combination of beautiful at high water level than grass and vegetation planting so it at low water level. will form a beautiful landscape on - Construction will cause higher the canal banks. environmental impact because - Lower impact during construction piling work can generate more because it will use available and noise and vibration. environmental-friendly materials. - There will be lower risk of land - Land erosion will still happen erosion because this is a because this embankment is not Environmental permanent. aspect permanent structure. Disturbance of local people’s - Lower disturbance on local people’s lives (residential areas on two lives Sự xáo trộn đời sống của các banks of the canal at Binh Minh khu dân cư lân cận (residential areas and Do Be bridges) will be on two banks of the canal at Binh higher due to dust, noise and Minh and Do Be bridges) because of vibration generated during shorter construction time and use of construction of embankment available material foundation and cast-in-situ process. Social aspect - Land acquisition area is 68,959 - Land acquisition area is 86,198.75m2 m2 Economical aspect - Higher construction cost - Lower construction cost Option 1 will be selected because it can ensure urbaan aesthetics, structural Conclusion stability for coastal area and it can bear the impacts due to climate change and sea level rise. 4.2.1.4 Wastewater Collection and Treatment System This item includes (i) wastewater collection system (sewer, wastewater pumping station) and (ii) wastewater treatment plant. ➢ Selection of Wastewater Collection System: For wastewater collection system, there will be 3 options: - Option 1: Combined drainage system - Option 2: Separate drainage system - Option 3: Semi-separate drainage system with sewer overflow and inceptor for collecting wastewater 144 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 3 Options for wastewater collection system are analyzed for selection as in Table 4.4 below: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..85. Comparing and Selecting Option for Wastewater Collection System Option 3 (To be selected) Option 1 Option 2 Semi-separate drainage system Criteria Combined drainage system Separate drainage system with sewer overflow and inceptor Rainwater and wastewater are Rainwater and wastewater are Sewer overflow will be collected by the same system collected by separate culverts constructed at the end of the Descript and directly discharged to and are brought to the treatment existing combined drainage ion receiving waterbody (canal, plant system before discharge outlet ditch, river …) in order to collect wastewater to bring to the treatment plant - To use the existing - Not make use of the existing - To use the existing drainage culverts drainage culverts drainage culverts Technic - Simple operation and - Easy and simple operation - Complicated management al maintenance and management for and operation aspect environmental pollution control - Not thoroughly solve the - Ensure best sanitation. - Low excavation work in environmental pollution Wastewater will be center area of Cong - Pollution in dry season will completely collected and township be more serious because treated. - Rather good sanitation there will be no rainwater - Convenient for handling because all wastewater will for dilluting the with flooding, treating and be cleansed (in dry season wastewater. protecting environment. and in small rains) or will - High risk of flooding in - Causing greatest be dilluted by rainwater rainy season because both environmental impacts before discharging to the rainwater and wastewater during construction among receiving waterbody , Environ run to the culvert system the three options. making use of the mental before being discharge to - Stable operation, lower risk receiver’s self-regulating aspect the receiving waterbody of flooding and pollution ability. - Unstable operation than other options because in the system will be easily deposited or blocked in dry season due to low water speed. Requiring frequent dredging work. - Lower environmental impact during construction process than other options - Required largest volume of - Low volume of site site clearance and clearance and resettlement, Social - No site clearance and resettlement than other lower than Option 2. Land aspect resettlement required remaining Options. Land acquisition area is 0.24 ha. acquisition area is 0.4 ha - Lowest cost among three - Highest cost among 3 - Construction cost is options options. moderate compared with Econom - The rainwater drainage the other two options. ical system does not work much aspect in dry season so it will be a waste of cost. 145 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Option 3 (To be selected) Option 1 Option 2 Semi-separate drainage system Criteria Combined drainage system Separate drainage system with sewer overflow and inceptor Based on: (i) Existing status of the local drainage system; (ii) capital source for project implementation Conclus and (iii) environmental efficiency, Option 3 will be selected for the construction of wastewater ion collection system ➢ Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Siting of the WWTP and pumping stations Construction codes TCVN 7957:2008 (design standard of drainage and sewer – external networks and facilities) has been complied with during the siting of the WWTP and pumping stations. The proposed the wastewater treatment plant (capacity 500 m3/d) is located at 350 m from the nearest households (TCVN 7957 requires 200 m) and the two wastewater pumping stations were sited at 100 m away from the nearest households (TCVN 7957 requies 20 m); Three options for wastewater treatment technologies will be analyzed in Table 4.5 below: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..86. Comparing and Selecting Wastewater Treatment Technology Option 1: Option 2: Option 3: Criteria Biological pond Oxidation ditch MBBR technology Wastewater pumping Wastewater pumping station  Wastewater pumping station  Garbage trap Garbage trap Standing grit station  Garbage trap Grit chamber  Aeration chamber  Oxidation ditch  transition pump  Descript tank Facultative tank Secondary sedimentation tank  MBBR14 treatment  ion Sedimentation tank  Discharge pumping station  Receiving waterbody (Than Receiving waterbody (Than Receiving waterbody (Than canal) canal) canal) - Simple construction - Relatively complicated - Modulus design so it 2. Easy operation and construction, requiring high will be convenient for management skill construction and - Suitable with variable installation Technic quality and flow of influent - Simple and compact al wastewater by seasons and design, suitable for aspect by time installation in narrow - More complicated operation space and management - Suitable for treatment plant with high capacity - Able to cause bad odor - Not causing much odor - The system operates especially in summer) - Highest treatment automatically, Environ - Lower treatment efficiency, meeting standard generating almost no mental efficiency than the two with strict requirement odor aspect remaining options. - Highest energy consumption - High treatment - Low energy efficiency, consumption 14 MBBR (Moving Bed Biological Reactor) – is the moving biofilm technology using moving biofilm carrier . 146 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Option 1: Option 2: Option 3: Criteria Biological pond Oxidation ditch MBBR technology - Moderate energy consumption in operation - Smallest land - Greatest land acquisition among 3 - Medium land acquisition, Social acquisition among 3 options. Land smaller than Option 1. Land aspect options. Land acquisition area is 0.5ha acquisition area is 0.8ha acquisition area is 1ha. - Construction cost: - Construction cost cao nhất - Construction cost Econom 7,000,000 VND/m3 14,000,000 VND/m3 12,000,000 VND/m3 ical aspect - Operation cost: 1,000 - Operation cost: 2,300 - Operation cost: 1,500 VND/1m3 VND/1m3 VND/1m3 From the analysis on technical, environmental and economical aspects as well as total Conclus investment and actual conditions in Tinh Gia, it is propsed to select Option 1 - Biological ion pond technology for the project. 147 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province CHAPTER 5- ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN With the potential impacts and risks identified and assessed in Chapter 3, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared in this chapter with the aims of impact prevention and mitigation. Procedures for implementation, monitoring, supervision and reporting are also included in this ESMP together with Capacity building program and cost estimation. This ESMP consists of main contents as follows: - The measures to minimize the potential environmental impacts from Feasibility Study and Detailed Design stage to pre-construction, construction and operation phases together with implementation responsibilities; - Environmental Monitoring Program; - The Project Compliance Framework, including environmental and social supervision arrangements, fines applicable to non-compliance; - Capacity building programs; - Cost estimation; and - Grievance Redress mechanism. 5.1 MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1.1 Measures Incorporated into Feasibility Study and Detailed Design 5.1.1.1 Roads and Bridges The following measures were considered during the preparation of the feasibility study and will be integrated in the detailed designs to mitigate the potential socio-environmental impacts and traffic safety risks during operation phase: - Minimise site clearance requirements. - Protect slopes with grass vegetation cover and concrete frames and/or embankments - Install crossing and longitudinal drains to ensure the stability of the project's new roads and to avoid localised flooding risks along the new roads The Figures below shows the design of the inter-sections between the project's new roads in which traffic and safety control measures included: Beginning point Ending point Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..20: Inter-sections at the Coastal Road and the Current Roads 148 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Beginning point Ending point Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..21: Inter-sections at the Binh Minh - Sao Vang Road and Existing Road Beginning point Ending point Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..22: Inter-sections at approach Road to Do Be Bridge and existing Roads Beginning point Ending point Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..23: Inter-sections at the NH1A - Ninh Hai beach and Existing Roads 5.1.1.2 Embankments The design of the embankment operational roads along the Than and Cau Trang Canals allowed minimization of site clearance that affect local resident’s permanent houses while ensuring straight embankment. Consider the followings: (i) there are stair cases and handrails at intervals along the embankments to maintain safe access to water fronts for local communities; 149 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province (ii) Trees and grass would be planted along riverbanks of both Than and Cau Trang canals to maintain the green landscape and stabilize the canal-bank. 5.1.1.3 WWTP To control and minimize the potential impacts of the operational phase of the wastewater treatment plant and promote environmental friendliness of the Project, the following measures have been incorporated into the proposed investment project and will be implemented in the detailed design stage: • Larsen sheet piles will be applied to reinforce and protect the slopes of pipe trenches to prevent landslide and erosion when excavation depth is 3m or deeper • The treatment units within the WWTP will be sited in compliance with the Vietnamese National Standard QCVN 01:2008/BXD. This standard requires the WWTP that has biological have a buffer zone of at least 300 m wide. For project, the minimum distance from some treatment units to the nearest residential buildings: Item Distance (m) Pumping station 50 m Intake 75 m To meet QCVN 01:2008/BXD requirements, the WWTP will have a buffer zone of at least 300 m (at this time) wide from the nearest residential area in which 5 m wide green corridor will be created. • A 5 m wide green corridor and grass land will be established within the WWTP to create green landscape at the WWTP and separate the concrete buildings with the roads and residential areas near the front of the WWTP. • Toilet, washing, and showers areas will be included in the administration building for the operators to use after working shifts. The administrative building shall be designed in such a way that maximise lighting using natural lights, water and electrical equipment will be energy-saving types. • Sludge will be transported to the existing composting plant at the Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous waste of Nghi Son Environment JSC in Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district (land for disposal area is 30 ha). • An Emergency Response plan has been proposed to address the causes where there is some failure in the wastewater treatment system. 5.1.2 Measures to be Implemented in Pre-construction Phase 5.1.2.1 Measures to Prevent Safety Risks related to UXO Unexploded bombs and mines will be searched for removal right after completing the compensation for site clearance and before carrying out the levelling of the site. This is required to be made prior to the construction of new road, at the WWTP, canals, resettlement sites . The project owner will sign contract with a specified service provider to carry out searching detection and safe destruction of the bombs and mines found at construction sites. The cost for bombs and mines clearance is estimated at around 5.6 billion Vietnamese Dong (equivalence of USD 250,000). 5.1.2.2 Measures to address the Impacts of Land Acquisition and Resettlement As discussed in Chapter 3, total land area to be acquired is 573,336 m2, of which 75,235 m2 is residential land; 452,656 m2 of annual land (include 1,152 m2 public land), 22,305 m2 of perennial land and 20,000 m2 of productive forest land; and 3,140 m2 cemetery land. Total of 150 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province AHs is 1,354 AHs. There are 350 AHs whose houses are affected, of which 225 AHs have to relocate; 89 AHs are vulnerable(; 526 AHs are severely affected; 22 AHs are affected business HHs. To mitigate the potential impacts of land acquisition, Resettlement Actions Plan was (RAP) were prepared to Tinh Gia subproject. The estimated budget for implementing the RAP is 223,574,000,000 VND (9,976,651 USD equivalent). This cost will cover the compensation and supports to AHs, , implementation of livelihood restoration program, replacement cost surveys, monitoring and implementation. Below is the summary of calculations. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..87. Cost Estimate for RP Implementation of Tinh Gia Subproject No. Contents Cost estimate (‘000) I Compensation and support cost 1 Coastal road from Ninh Hai – Lach Bang 2 49,990,134 2 Construct Binh Minh road to Sao Vang – Nghi Son 80,895,148 economic zone 3 Upgrade, rehabilitate Do Be bridge and approach roads 12,254,730 4 Construct road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach 23,645,502 5 Upgrade, rehabilitate Than canal 3,425,200 6 Upgrade, rehabilitate Cau Trang canal 36,209,752 7 Resettlement site 5,000,000 II Other costs 1 Appreciation for site handover 450,000 2 Support for housing repair and relocation 4,414,000 3 Cost for site clearance (2% of total compensation and 4,345,689 support) 4 Survey of replacement cost 300,000 5 Income/live-hood restoration program cost 3,094,500 6 Independent monitoring 450,000 III Total 224,474,655 Compensation and supports given to the affected households will be based on the following key principles: All affected person who have assets within or reside within the area of project land-take before the cut-off date are entitled to compensation for their losses. Those who have lost their income and/or subsistence will be eligible for livelihood rehabilitation assistance based on the criteria of eligibility defined by the project in consultation with the project affected person. If, by the end of the project, livelihoods have been shown not to be restored to pre-project levels, additional measures will be provided. Agricultural land cost: Compensation and support for agricultural land will follow the price list issued by the Thanh Hoa PPC at Decision No.4545/2014/QD-UBND issued on 18/12/2014. Housing construction cost: Values of houses and other structures are determined according to the market price of construction materials at the time of determining the compensation cost in order to build a replacement house with quality and size at least as the old one, or to repair the affected part. The housing construction unit price shall comply with the decision of the provincial People's Committee. Cost of trees and farm produce: The proposed price for compensation calculation is based on Decision 4437/2016/QD-UBND issued on 14/11/2016 by Thanh Hoa PPC. 151 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 5.1.3 Measures to be Implemented During Construction Phase As discussed in Chapter 3, the potential impacts and main risks that may occur during the construction include: (i) dust, emission, noise, vibration; (ii) wastewater; (iii) solid wastes and hazardous waste; (iv) Surface water quality reduction; (v) Impacts on Biological Resources; (vi) Impacts on urban landscape; (vii) risk of erosion and landslide; (viii) risk of flooding and sedimentation; (ix) traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; (x) impact on the existing infrastructure and related services; (xi) Disturbance to businesses and daily activities of local people; (xii) Impacts on cultural and historical resources and Chance find procedures; (xiii) Community Safety and Health; (xiv) risk to safety and health of workers and (xv) Communication to local community. In addition, some special impacts by types of work, such as construction of bridge or sensitive locations along the route, dredging and embankment the canals have also been identified. Below are the mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction phase of the project and presented by category: General mitigation measures presented as ECOP (Environmental Codes of Practice). ECOP will be applied to all bid packages by the contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant (or Engineer). Mitigation measure applicable to specific types of activities to be carried out; and Site-specific mitigation measures to address site-specific potential impacts and risks Bidding documents and construction contracts of each bid package will include the entire ECOP and specific mitigation measures by type of construction activity and location consistent with the work content in the bid package. The contractors will be required to prepare Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SESMP) and submit to the Construction Supervision Consultant and the Project Management Unit (PMU) for review and approval at least two weeks prior to construction commencement. The SESMP will be prepared to meet the mitigation requirements described in below. 5.1.4 Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) The mitigation measures for common negative impacts during the construction phase are presented in Tables 5.2 in the form of Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP). ECOP will be included in all bidding documents and construction contracts of all bid packages to request the contractors to implement. ECOP compliance will be supervised by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) in coordination with PMU. ECOP, together with relevant type-specific and site-specific mitigation measures will be included in the construction contract signed between the PMU and the Contractor. In addition, each contractor will be required to prepare Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) to cover all measures that the contractor will carry out to address potential impacts and risks associated with the works that they are contracted to implement. i. Dust, emission, noise, vibration; ii. Wastewater; iii. Solid wastes and Hazardous waste; iv. Surface water quality reduction; v. Impacts on Biological Resources; vi. Impacts on urban landscape; vii. Risk of erosion and landslide; viii. Risk of flooding and sedimentation; 152 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ix. Traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; x. Impact on the existing infrastructure and related services; xi. Disturbance to businesses and daily activities of local people; xii. Impacts on cultural and historical resources and Chance find procedures; xiii. Community Safety and Health; xiv. Risk to safety and health of workers. 153 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..88. Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOPs) Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by 1. Generated - Maintain the level of emission at construction sites within the permissible - QCVN 05: Contractor PMU, CSC, dust, emission, limit provided for in QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT: National Technical 2013/MONRE: IEMC noise, vibration Regulation on Ambient Air Quality. National technical - Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions check and obtain regulation on ambient certification: “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, air quality technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. - QCVN 35/2005/QD-BGTVT 26:2010/BTNMT: - Carry out watering for dust control at least 2 times a day: in the morning, at National technical noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over regulation on noise 25oC, or in windy weather. Avoid overwatering as this may make the - QCVN surrounding muddy. 27:2010/BTNMT: - Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion National technical and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing regulation on vibration wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors. - TCVN 6438-2005: - Dust masks should be used by workers where dust levels are excessive Road vehicles. Maximum permitted - There should be no burning of waste or construction materials on site. emission limits of - Cement processing plants should be far from residential areas. exhaust gas - Only use transportation vehicles with valid registry. - Decision No. - Neatly gather construction materials and wastes. Arrange for the workers to 35/2005/QD-BGTVT collect and gather construction materials and wastes to the designated on inspection of places at the end of each day or shift. quality, technical - Do not overload the materials/soils and stones to extreme heights onto safety and trucks, as this may result in drops along transportation routes. Tightly cover environmental the trucks carrying wastes and bulk materials before getting out of protection; construction sites or quarries and borrow pits so as to restrict scattering along transportation routes. - Put temporarily gathered materials and waste heaps with a volume of about 20m3 within barriers or covered so as to avoid dust dispersion. - Transport wastes out of construction sites to the designated locations for reuse or to the disposal sites in the soonest possible time. 154 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by - Do not put vehicles and machines to run idle in more than 5 minutes. - Avoid preparations of construction materials such as mixing concrete near local people’s houses or other sensitive works like pagodas, school gates, or offices. - Locate vehicle washing stations at the exit/entrance of big construction sites. - Periodically wash the trucks used for transporting materials and construction wastes. - Avoid construction operations generating great vibration and loud noise within the time between 6pm and 7am when construction takes place near residential areas. Night construction must be informed to the community at least 2 days in advance. - Perform the method of successive construction for each sewer section in construction sites of long sewer lines. - Observe and secure construction progress correctly. - When needed, measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels must be implemented and could include silencers, mufflers, acoustically dampened panels or placement of noisy machines in acoustically protected areas - Avoiding or minimizing transportation through community areas and avoiding as well as material processing areas (such as cement mixing). 2. Wastewater • The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with Vietnamese • QCVN Contractor PMU, CSC, management legislation relevant to wastewater discharges into watercourses. 14:2008/BTNMT: IEMC • Employ local workers to limit the amount of generated domestic wastes and National technical wastewater. regulation on • Provide septic tanks for toilets for treating wastewater before it can be domestic discharged into the environment. On-site mobile toilets with 3-compartment wastewater; septic tanks can be used in areas for major work items as traffic roads and • QCVN 40:2011/ canal. Wastewater from toilets as well as kitchens, showers, sinks, etc. shall BTNMT: National be discharged into a conservancy tank for removal from the site or technical regulation discharged into municipal sewerage systems; there should be no direct on industrial discharges to any waterbody. wastewater 155 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by • Wastewater containing pollutants over standards set by relevant Vietnamese technical standards/regulations must be collected in a conservancy tank and removed from site by licensed waste collectors. • Clear ditches around the workers’ camps every week. • Creating ditches for rain water collection and diversion. • Make appropriate arrangements for collecting, diverting or intercepting wastewater from households to ensure minimal discharge or local clogging and flooding. • Before construction, all necessary wastewater disposal permits/licenses and/or wastewater disposal contracts have been obtained. • At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed or effectively sealed off. 3. Solid waste Solid waste management: • Decision No, Contractor PMU, CSC, management • Before construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of 59/2007/NĐ-CP on IEMC and Hazardous bins, site clean-up schedule, bin clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared garbage waste by the Contractors and it must be carefully followed during construction management; management activities. • Decision • Before construction, all necessary waste disposal permits or licenses must No,38/2015/NĐ-CP be obtained. dated 24/04/2015 on • Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved waste and scrap by the CSC and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal management through a licensed waste collector. • Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof. • No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur. • If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the CSC and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses. 156 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by • Limit waste pollution from litter and drop of materials. Place dustbins at the workers’ camps. • Temporarily collect and separate domestic wastes. Provide watertight dustbins for domestic waste and tightly cover them to avoid giving rise to bad odors and leachate leakage, attracting flies, mice and other pathogenic species. • Perform concrete mixing on impermeable ground. Collect waste and wastewater containing cement through drainage ditches with sedimentation pits in construction sites before being discharged into receiving waters. • Separate the components and parts which can be reused or recycled in the construction wastes before transporting the waste to treatment in accordance with design documents acceptable to the supervision engineer. • Weathered soil, wood and bricks can be reused for useful purposes such as ground leveling. Wood scraps may be used for cooking. Corrugated iron, iron, steel, packing materials and other materials which can be recycled can be delivered and sold to scrap traders. • Collect waste and tidy up construction sites at the end of a working day/shift and the transport waste out of the construction sites in the soonest possible time. If dredged materials are to be temporarily stored, necessary measures must be applied to control pollution such as gathering them within enclosures, under coverings, within fenced areas, etc. with warning signs. • The Contractor will sign a contract with Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous waste of Nghi Son Environment., JSC to collect domestic and hazardous waste, conforming to Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated 24 April 2015 on management of waste and waste materials. • Excavated materials should be resued for levelling the ground/garden land or disposed off in the three disposal sites pre-identified in the ESIA (in Xuan Lam, Tuong Son, Mai Lam) communes (dredged materials would be disposed off at Ben Ngao, Do Be according to Dredging and Dredged Materials Management Plan) 157 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by Hazardous waste management: • Circular No. Contractor PMU, CSC, • Temporarily collect, store, and transported for treatment all hazardous 36/2015/TT- IEMC wastes (road asphalt, waste oil and grease, organic solvents, chemicals, oil BTNMT on paints, etc.) in accordance with Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on hazardous waste management of hazardous waste. management; • At each site or worker camp and maintenance area, the Contractor must • Decision arrange storage area or containers for hazardous waste No.38/2015/NĐ-CP (drum/plastic/composite containers can be used). These containers are only dated 24/04/2015 on used to store hazardous waste and must be covered and labelled outside as waste and scrap “HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTAINER”. management • Sign contracts with for oil and grease to be delivered to suppliers/ manufacturers. • Chemical waste of any kind shall be disposed of at an approved appropriate landfill site and in accordance with local legislative requirements. The Contractor shall obtain needed disposal certificates. • The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances shall be performed and disposed of by specially trained and certified workers. • Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company. • Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed from site by a specialized oil recycling company for disposal at an approved hazardous waste site. • Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to avoid any leakage or affecting workers. • Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant. • Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident. • Store chemicals appropriately and with appropriate labeling. 158 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by • Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards. • Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. 4. Water • The Contractor is responsible for controlling the surface water quality when • QCVN 08- Contractor PMU, CSC, pollution discharging it out of the construction site, in accordance with QCVN 08- MT:2015/BTNMT – IEMC MT:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT. National Technical • Provide preliminary sedimentation ponds and ditches of storm water runoff Regulation on at the construction sites. surface water quality • Provide construction workers on site with mobile toilets. • QCVN 09- • Avoid excavation and backfilling during rains. MT:2015/BTNMT: National Technical • Gather materials and wastes generated during excavation and backfilling, Regulation on collect and transport them out of the construction site to the approved Underground Water disposal sites within the soonest possible time. Quality • Do not allow temporary gathering of bulk materials and mixing of concrete within 50m from ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, or other water sources. • QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: • Store used and unused oil and petrol in closed containers on impermeable National technical ground covered with roofs and contained within surrounding banks for easy regulation on control and collection in case of leakage. Do not locate oil and petrol domestic storages within 25m from rivers/canals. wastewater; • Collect and transport excavated soils from the construction of sewers and • QCVN 40: 2011/ ditches out of the construction site within 24 hours. BTNMT: National • Only perform maintenance work of motored vehicles and equipment, technical regulation including oil replacement or lubrication in designated areas, without on industrial allowing chemicals, petrol, oil, or grease to leak onto soil or into the wastewater; drainage system or water sources. Trays are to be used to hold rags and • TCVN 7222: 2002: materials used in maintenance. Collect and discard wastes in accordance General with hazardous waste management regulation. requirements for concentrated 159 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by wastewater treatment plants 5. Impacts on • The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Revegetation and Restoration • Law on Contractor PMU, CSC, plants and Management environmental IEMC aquatic species • Plan for prior approval by the Construction Engineer, following relevant protection No. regulations. The Clearance Plan shall be approved by the Construction 55/2014/QH13 Supervision Consultant and followed strictly by the contractor. Areas to be cleared should be minimized as much as possible. • Limit disturbances to areas with construction operations, especially in locations covered with green trees or vegetation. Do not use chemicals to clear vegetation. • Do not gather materials and wastes at places covered with vegetation or with green trees, but on vacant land instead. • Use sheet pile driving method using Larsen piles to limit impacts on the water quality. • If possible, green trees should be moved and replanted in other places if the trees are in the way of the pipelines to be constructed. • The contractor shall remove topsoil from all areas where topsoil will be impacted by construction activities, including temporary activities such as storage and stockpiling, etc.; the stripped topsoil shall be stockpiled in areas agreed to by the Construction Supervision Consultant for later use in re- vegetation and shall be adequately protected. • Trees cannot be cut down unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan. • When needed, temporary protective fencing will be erected to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site. • No area of potential importance as an ecological resource should be disturbed unless there is prior authorization from CSC, who should consult 160 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by with PMU, IEMC and the relevant local authorities. This could include areas of breeding or feeding for birds or animals, fish spawning areas, or any area that is protected as a green space. • The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping, shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place. 6. Impacts on • Carefully cover transport vehicles for materials and waste and periodically • Law on Contractor PMU, CSC, urban landscape wash and clean the vehicles. environmental IEMC and beauty • Dismantle the camps as well as other temporary works set up during protection No. construction and restore the site before the completed work could be handed 55/2014/QH13 over to the subproject owner. Back fill and tightly seal toilet pits, septic • TCVN 4447:1987: tanks, and temporary sewerage ditches. Construction • Do not temporarily gather construction materials and wastes within 20m regulation from the gate of schools, offices temples, pagodas, etc. • Circular No. • The Contractor will have to work out construction plans in such a way as to 22/2010/TT-BXD on avoid the 1st and 15th days of each lunar month if construction is to be carried requirements on out near historical and cultural works such as pagodas, temples, etc. safety • Regularly collect materials and wastes and tidy up the construction site. 7. Erosion and • Avoid disturbances and damage to the existing vegetation and green trees. • TCVN 4447:1987: Contractor PMU, CSC, landslide risks • Periodically and thoroughly remove soils, stones and wastes from drainage Construction IEMC 8. Flooding, sewers and ditches inside and around the construction site. regulation sedimentation, • Neatly gather materials and wastes so as to limit them being swept away by • Circular No. risks storm water. 22/2010/TT-BXD: • Carry out ground leveling and rolling after discarding materials at disposal Regulation on sites. construction safety • QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT – National technical regulation on surface water quality 9. Traffic • Before construction, carry out consultations with local government and • Law on Contractor PMU, CSC, management community and with traffic police. communication and IEMC 161 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by • Set up traffic and maintain instruction signs and warnings to secure safety transport No. for people and means of transport during construction. 23/2008/QH12; • Arrange and provide separate passageway with safe and easy access for • Law on construction pedestrian and for people with disability and mobility issues especially the No. 50/2014/QH13; areas in proximity of schools, including easy wheel chair access and hand • Law No. rail. Make staff available any time for helping people with disability if 38/2009/QH12 dated needed. 19/6/2009 amending • Put speed limit signs at a distance of 200 m from the construction site. and supplementing • Carefully cover materials on trucks. Do not load to a height of 10 cm higher some articles of the than the truck body so as not to spill out and scatter materials onto roads, Law relating to giving rise to dust and endangering road users. Collect spilt soils and capital construction materials at the construction site each day to avoid slippery incidents for investment vehicles. • Circular No. • Do not park vehicles in the roads longer than necessary. Do not allow 22/2010/TT-BXD on construction vehicles and materials to encroach upon the pavements. regulation on • During construction near schools, deploy staff at the site to guide the traffic construction safety at the start of school time and when school is over. Water the roads to prevent dust, limit the speed of traveling trucks, do not allow flared horns, and do not dispose the waste and wastewater onto areas near schools. • Install night lighting of all construction sites. • Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be covered in a construction plan previously approved. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and markets. • Installation of lighting at night must be done, if necessary, to ensure safe traffic circulation. • Employ safe traffic control measures, including road/rivers/canal signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions. • Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hours. • Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside construction areas should be segregated and provide for easy, safe, and appropriate 162 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by access. Signposts shall be installed appropriately in both water-ways and roads where necessary. 10. Influence • Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as • Decree No. Contractor PMU, CSC, on existing planned disruptions (at least 2 days in advance). 73/2010/ND-CP on IEMC infrastructure • The Contractor must only use vehicles of sizes and loads within permissible administrative and services limits for the roads along such vehicles’ route. penalization of • During the construction under power lines, deploy qualified staff to observe violations related to and give instructions to the drivers of cranes and excavators so as to avoid security and social causing damages to power lines, telecommunications lines, etc. affairs • Stop construction when existing works are damaged. Identify causes of related incidents and work out solutions. In case the damages are due to the Contractors’ faults, the Contractors have to repair, recover, and compensate for all damages at their own expenses. The results of handling such damages must be approved by the Supervisor Engineer. • Reinstall the road surface and sidewalks at construction sites after the construction of sewer lines has been completed. • The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day. • Any damages to existing cable utility systems shall be reported to the authorities and repaired as soon as possible. 11. Social • Inform the community at least 2 weeks before commencement of the • Decree No. Contractor PMU, CSC, impacts: construction. In case electricity and water supplies are to be disrupted, the 73/2010/ND-CP on IEMC disturbance to PMU must inform PAHs of the same at least 2 days in advance. administrative businesses and • Employ local laborers for simple tasks. Instruct workers on environmental penalization of daily activities of issues, safety and health before construction tasks are assigned. It is violations against local people advisable to communicate to migrant workers on local customs, practices security and social and habits in order to avoid conflicts with local people. affairs • The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate closely with the local • Circular No. government in performing effective community sanitation in case of 22/2010/TT-BXD epidemic symptoms breaking out in the area. regulation on construction safety 163 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by • The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate with local authorities • Directive No. in preventing and fighting against social evils. Conduct sensitization 02/2008/CT-BXD on campaigns with both workers and communities on these issues, liaison with safety and sanitation local organizations to ensure monitoring, and a grievance redress system to issues in which the community can refer to. construction units • The subproject will cooperate with the local health agency in developing • TCVN 5308-91: and implementing plans for control of diseases among workers. Technical regulation • Workers temporarily residing at the camps and rented houses must be on construction registered with the local authorities for temporary residence. safety • Train workers on issues related to social security, social evils, diseases and • Decision No. epidemics, prostitution and drug use, environment, safety and health, 96/2008/QD-TTg on HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases within 2 weeks prior to the clearance of UXOs commencement of packages with construction items lasting at least 6 months. • Prohibit workers from: + Consuming alcoholic drinks during working time + Quarreling and fighting + Gambling and indulging in social evils such as drug use and prostitution + Disposing of garbage indiscriminately. 12. Control of • Do not gather materials and wastes within 20m from cultural, historical, and • Cultural heritage Contractor PMU, CSC, impacts on religious works such as temples, pagodas, churches, monuments, historic Law No. IEMC physical cultural relics, etc. Spray water the construction sites next to such works. 28/2001/QH10; resources and • Do not use machines generating loud noise and high vibration levels near • Amended/ and Chance find cultural, historical, and religious works. supplemented Law procedures on cultural heritage Chance find procedures: No. 32/2009/QH12; • In case of archeological objects being unearthed during the implementation of earthwork, all parties will conform to the following • Amended and procedures: supplemented + Suspend construction and strictly protect the site where artifacts Decree No. exposed; 98/2010/ND-CP 164 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by + The contractor notifies the Supervision Engineer (SE) prepare a preliminarily description of the area where the artifacts exposed; then the SE inform the PMU and local authorities; + Protect the whole area to avoid damages or losses of the exposed items. Protection must be maintained continuously until local authorities and other functional agencies take over. + The SE inform of the event and will in turn immediately inform the PMU. + The PMU report the case to relevant authorities such as Department of Culture, Department of Sports & Tourism, the Institute of Archaeology, etc. for coordinated handling. + Department of Culture, Sports & Tourism and/or the Institute of Archaeology carry out assessment of the unearthed objects based on different criteria related to the nature of cultural heritages; such criteria would include aesthetic, historical, scientific, social or economic values; and make decision on how to + handle the case. Such decisions can result in changes in site arrangements (e.g. when the found item is a cultural relic which cannot be displaced or is archaeologically important), it may be necessary to preserve, recover and excavate the site; + The implementation of such decision by relevant agencies related to the management of found objects will be communicated in writing by local competent agencies; . + Construction operations at the site can only be resumed after being permitted by relevant local agencies being responsible for managing such objects. 13. Community • The Contractor will have to conform to regulations in Circular No. • Circular No. Contractor PMU, CSC, ’s safety and 22/2010/TT-BXD by the Ministry of Construction on safety in construction. 22/2010/TT-BXD IEMC health • The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate closely with the local regulation on government in performing effective community sanitation in case of construction safety epidemic symptoms breaking out in the area. • Directive No. 02/2008/CT-BXD on 165 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by • The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate with local authorities safety and sanitation in preventing and fighting against social evils. issues in construction • Fence of excavation pits and open channels and make off with luminous units cordon and warning signs. Provide sufficient lighting when carry out • TCVN 5308-91: construction at night. Technical regulation • Limit the speed of transport means to 20km/h within 200m from the on construction construction site so as to minimize dust and noise. safety • Keep noise-generating machines and vehicles at such suitable distances that • Decision No. noise transmitted to residential areas will not be higher than 70dBA. 96/2008/QD-TTg • Use static compacting when the road base is constructed near areas with on clearance of many households and weak temporary works to restrict vibration. UXOs • The subproject will cooperate with the local health agency in developing and implementing plans for control of diseases among workers. 14. Workers’ • Train workers on issues related to environment, safety and health, thus • Decree No. Contractor PMU, CSC, health safety enhancing their awareness of HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases within 2 22/2010/TT-BXD on IEMC weeks prior to the commencement of packages with construction items regulation of lasting at least 6 months. construction safety; • Provide workers with and request them to use adequate safety gear such as • Directive No. 02 masks, helmets, shoes/boots, goggles, etc. depending on job characteristics. /2008/CT-BXD on • Safely install power lines at offices and in construction sites and do not lay safety and sanitation connectors on the ground or water surface. Electric wires must be with issues in construction plugs. Place outdoor electric panels in protection cabinets. units; • Limit the speeds of vehicles traveling inside construction sites to be • TCVN 5308-91: 5km/hour. Technical regulation • Provide fire-extinguishers, first-aid bags, and medical cabinets with on safety in sufficient medicines for treating general diseases in the locality must be construction; provided at construction sites. • Decision No. • Safely store fuels and chemicals in areas with impermeable ground with 96/2008/QD-TTg on roofs and surrounding banks, equipped with safety warning signs located at clearance of UXOs. least 20m from the camps and at the end of prevailing winds. 166 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by • In case of chemical and fuel leakage, the following steps will have to be taken: + Immediate check must be carried out to detect any possible case of injury. In case of injury, first-aid must be given and the injured person must be rushed to the nearest medical station for healthcare, and at the same time the case must be informed to the Supervision Engineer and the PMU; + Carry assessment to determine the kind of leaking/overflowing fuel/chemical; + Do not flush overflowing chemicals into drainage systems. Send staff with suitable safety gear to the site to handle the leakage by scattering sawdust (in case of small volumes of leaks/overflow) or sand (for high volumes of leaks/overflow). Use shovels to remove the surface soil layer if the leakage/overflow takes place on vacant land; and + Subsequent to the occurrence of such incident or accident, the Contractor will have to prepare a detailed report describing the incident and performed activities and submit the same to the Supervision Engineer and the PMU for consideration and filing. Such report will also be presented to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment or functional agencies at their request. • Set up the camps with sufficient supplies of clean water, power, and sanitation facilities. There must be at least one toilet compartment for every 25 workers, with separate toilets for males and females. Workers’ beds must be provided with mosquito nets so as to prevent dengue fever. Temporary tents will be unacceptable. • Clean camps, kitchens, baths, and toilets and sanitize regularly, and keep in good sanitation conditions. Provide dustbins and collect wastes daily from the camps. Clear drainage ditches around the camps periodically. • Stop all construction activities during rains and storms, or upon accidents or serious incidents 167 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Environmental – Supervised Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility social issues by 15. Communic • Open communications channels are to be maintained with the local • Decree No. Contractor PMU, CSC, ation to local government and concerned communities; the contractor shall coordinate 73/2010/ND-CP on IEMC community with local authorities (leaders of local wards or communes, leaders of administrative hamlets) for agreed schedules of construction operations in areas nearby penalization of sensitive places or during sensitive times (e.g. religious festival days). violations related to • Copies of Vietnamese versions of these ECOPs and of other relevant security and social environmental protection documents shall be made available to local affairs communities and to workers at the site. • Project information will be disseminated to affected parties (e.g. local authorities, enterprises and affected households, etc.) through community meetings before construction commencement. • A contact address will be provided to the community. • The community will be provided with all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form convenient to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news releases, when major findings become available during project phase. • Community concerns and requested information are to be monitored as the project progresses. • Inquiries must be responded by telephone and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner. • Local residents must be informed about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition operations, as appropriate. • Technical documents and drawings will be provided to local People's Committees, especially the sketch of construction areas and the ESMP of the construction site. • Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that affected people could have a channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. 168 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Workers and Workforce Management A concern during construction phase of the project is the potentially negative impacts of the workforce interactions with the local communities. For that reason, a Code of Conduct shall be established to outline the importance of appropriate behavior, alcohol abuse, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Each employee shall be informed of the Code of Conduct and bound by it while in the employment of the Client or its Contractors. The Code of Conduct shall be available to local communities at the project information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities. The Contractor is responsible for providing appropriate training to all staff according to their level of responsibility for environmental, health and safety matters. The Code of Conduct shall address the following measures (but not limited to them): - All of the workforce shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - Illegal substances, weapons and firearms shall be prohibited; - Pornographic material and gambling shall be prohibited; - Fighting (physical or verbal) shall be prohibited; - Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities shall be prohibited; - Disrespecting local customs and traditions shall be prohibited; - Smoking shall only be allowed in designated areas; - Maintenance of appropriate standards of dress and personal hygiene; - Maintenance of appropriate standards hygiene in their accommodation quarters; - Residing camp workforce visiting the local communities shall behave in a manner consistent with the Code of Conduct; and - Failure to comply with the Code of Conduct, or the rules, regulations, and procedures implemented at the construction camp will result in disciplinary actions. Prohibitions. The following activities are prohibited on or near the project site: - Cutting of trees for any reason outside the approved construction area; - Hunting, fishing, wildlife capture, or plant collection; - Buying of wild animals for food; - Use of unapproved toxic materials, including lead-based paints, asbestos, etc.; - Disturbance to anything with architectural or historical value; - Building of fires; - Use of firearms (except authorized security guards); 169 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Use of alcohol by workers during working hours; - Gambling should be strictly forbidden. - Washing cars or machinery in streams or creeks; - Doing maintenance (change of oils and filters) of cars and equipment outside authorized areas: - Disposing trash in unauthorized places; - Driving in an unsafe manner in local roads; - Having caged wild animals (especially birds) in camps; - Working without safety equipment (including boots and helmets); - Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities; - The use of rivers and streams for washing clothes; - Indiscriminate disposal of rubbish or construction wastes or rubble; - Littering the site; - Spillage of potential pollutants, such as petroleum products; - Collection of firewood; - Poaching of any description; - Explosive and chemical fishing; - Latrine outside the designated facilities; and - Burning of wastes and/or cleared vegetation. Security. Some security measures shall be put into place to ensure the safe and secure running of the camp and its residents. Some of these security measures include: - The list of workers must be registered to local authorities in accordance with existing Vietnamese regulations - Children under 14 years of age will hot hired under the Project - Adequate, day-time night-time lighting shall be provided; - Control of camp access. Access to the camp shall be limited to the residing workforce, construction camp employees, and those visiting personnel on business purposes; - Prior approval from the construction camp manager for visitor’s access to the construction camp; - A perimeter security fence at least 2m in height constructed from appropriate materials; - Provision and installation in all buildings of firefighting equipment and portable fires extinguishers. - Any construction worker, office staff, Contractor’s employees or any other person related to the project found violating theses prohibitions will be subject to disciplinary actions that can range from a simple reprimand to termination of his/her employment depending on the seriousness of the violation. 170 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 5.1.5 Specific Mitigation Measures Depending on the scope of work and type of auxiliary items of each bid package, the Contractors will be required to comply with the specific requirements described below. The CSC and PMU shall monitor the Contractor’s compliance. 5.1.5.1 Demolition of Existing Infrastructures The following measures shall be implemented in order to protect workers and the public from falling debris and flying objects: - Set aside a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones, and/or a chute for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels; - Conduct sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, chipping or chiseling with proper guards and anchoring as applicable; - Maintain clear traffic ways to avoid driving of heavy equipment over loose scrap; Provide all workers with safety glasses with side shields, face shields, hard hats, and safety shoes. 5.1.5.2 Workers Camps Workers’ Camp and Site Installation Requirement. Potential sites of workers ‘camps were discussed with and proposed by local communities and authorities during consultations. Construction camp sites will have to be approved by local authorities and agreed with local communities prior to their establishment. If additional camps and ancillary construction sites are selected, for following criteria must be used: - Construction sites, including concrete mixing stations and asphalt stations as well as construction camps will minimize the land occupation by setting them at the interchange areas where relatively large areas of land will be needed eventually. - Site offices shall be located at least 200 meters from any existing residential settlements Camp facilities should not be located in steep slopes; - Site offices, camps be located at least 100 meters from any watercourses, and be operated so that no pollutants enter watercourses. Camp areas shall be located to allow effective natural drainage; - All construction camps shall be zoned according to their use. For example, workers ’ camp zone, sanitary facilities, offices, etc. - The workforce shall be provided with safe, suitable and comfortable accommodations. They have to be maintained in clean and sanitary conditions; - In every site adequate and suitable facilities for washing clothes and utensils shall be provided and maintained for the use of contract labor employed therein; - Potable water for human consumption shall be provided for at camps, site offices, medical facilities, and other areas. Potable water shall follow the National Standards for Drinking Water Quality, and the other municipal water will be in accordance with class B1 of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality. - The camp can be characterized as a housing estate, and the water quota could refer to class B1, QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality. - Drainage, wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal of the construction site shall follow national regulations and the mitigation measures presented in the Contractor’s Waste Management Plan. Sanitary Facilities. In every camp site separate and adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) shall be provided for the use of male and female workers. Toilet facilities should 171 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province also be provided with adequate supplies running water, soap, and toilet paper. Such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept in clean and hygienic conditions; - Where workers of both sexes are employed, there shall be displayed outside each block of latrine and urinal, a notice in the language understood by the majority of the workers “For Men Only” or “For Women Only” as the case may be; - Sanitary arrangements, latrines and urinals shall be provided in every work place on the following scale: Where female workers are employed, there shall be at least one latrine for every 25 females or part thereof; Where males are employed, there shall be at least one latrine for every 25 males or part thereof; - At every construction camp, there must be at least one septic tank. The wastewater from the tank shall not be discharged into any watercourses. The wastewater shall be periodically transported away by a water tank to the nearest treatment plant; - Sewage tanks shall be designed and installed by the Contractor(s) in accordance with the National Design Code for construction of camps. Medical Facilities. A medical and first aid kit shall be provided at each camp area. All consumables in the first aid kit should be checked and recharged regularly. 5.1.5.3 Earthworks, Cuts and Fill Slopes Management Earthworks, cuts and fill slopes shall be carefully managed to minimize negative impacts on the environment - All earthworks shall be properly controlled, especially during the rainy season. - The Contractor shall maintain stable cut and fill slopes at all times and cause the least possible disturbance to areas outside the prescribed limits of the works. - The Contractor shall complete cut and fill operations to final cross-sections at any one location as soon as possible and preferably in one continuous operation to avoid partially completed earthworks, especially during the rainy season. - In order to protect any cut or fill slopes from erosion, in accordance with the drawings, cut off drains and toe-drains shall be provided at the top and bottom of slopes and be planted with grass or other plant cover. Cut off drains should be provided above high cuts to minimize water runoff and slope erosion. - The Contractor shall use the excavated material from for filling unless the CSC consider the material unsuitable for filling; - Any excavated cut or unsuitable material shall be disposed of in designated disposal areas as agreed to by the CSC; 5.1.5.4 Dredging and Dredged Materials Management Plan Prior to construction, the contractors shall prepare a specific DMMP based on the updating of the DMMP (see the Annex 2). The contractor’s DMMP shall be submitted to the Construction Supervision Consultant for approval before starting the work. The dredging plan will indicate volumes, physical-chemical-biological properties of dredged material, dredging procedures, temporary gathering of dredged materials, and control of polluting material during temporary gathering and transportation, pollution control, and risks at disposal sites. For Than canal, dredging activities will not be conducted in flood season (from May to September), during extreme weather events (heavy rains, floods, cyclones, etc). Successive dredging method will be applied. Dredge half width of each section of canal from 100m to 200 m, upstream to downstream. The remaining half width will be retained to maintain drainage and irrigation functions of the canal. For each section, coffer dams made of eucalyptus timber and sand bags shall be built surrounding half of canal with where dredging will take place. Pump river water out of the dredging section. Use excavators and buckets to dredge the Than canal to the designed elevation. 172 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province When repairing sluice gate, in order to minimize the risk of saltwater intrusion from Lach Bang River to the water quality of Than canal, the following measures should be taken: - Setup coffer dams made of eucalyptus timber or steel sheet pile and sand bags in front of sluice gate to prevent saltwater intrusion in Lach Bang river. This activity should be done at the time of low tide to reduce the maximum salinity water in the area to be repaired. - Pump saltwater water in the dyke area to prevent the water back to Lach Bang river then repair sluice gate. - Construction work should be carried out quickly and only in dry season to ensure flood drainage function of the sluice gate in rainy season. Some pictures illustrating coffer dams 5.1.5.5 Stockpiles, Quarries and Borrow Pit Existing borrow pits or quarries located near the project area will be used. However, in case that new borrow pits and quarries are needed, the Contractor shall carry out the following activities: - Locations of stockpiles, quarries and borrow pits shall be identified and demarcated, ensuring that they are far away from critical areas such as steep slopes, erosion-prone soils, cultivated lands, and areas that drain directly into water bodies. Locations of stockpiles, quarries and borrow pits shall be in non-productive land to the maximum extent possible and be approved by DONRE, PMUs the ECO; - Location of stockpiles, quarries, and borrow pits shall avoid sensitive areas such as nature reserves, scenic spots, forest parks, water source protection areas, etc.; - An open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater; - Limit extraction of material to approved and demarcated quarries and borrow pits; - Stockpile topsoil when first opening the borrow pit. After all usable borrow has been removed, the previously stockpiled topsoil should be spread back over the borrow area and graded to a smooth, uniform surface, sloped to drain. On steep slopes, benches or terraces may have to be specified to help control erosion; - Excess overburden should be stabilized and re-vegetated. Where appropriate, organic debris and overburden should be spread over the disturbed site to promote re-vegetation. Natural re-vegetation is preferred to the extent practicable; - Existing drainage channels in areas affected by the operation should be kept free of overburden; - Prior to the initiation of construction, the materials stockpiles shall be constructed with peripheral storm water drains and interception ditches to divert storm water into rivers downstream, in order to avoid direct erosive impact from storm water. If necessary, sedimentation ponds will also be constructed to remove sands and other solids in storm water before it reaches Than canal downstream. 173 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - The design document indicates that the largest percentage of spoils will be rocks and stones. Thus in order to reclaim the stockpiles after dumping of spoils is completed, the top soil shall be removed before the site is cleared. The top soil will be placed on a corner of the disposal site. The location and pile structure will be taken into consideration for erosion control. The interception ditches and sedimentation ponds in the disposal sites will also be used to control loss of top soil due to erosion; - The Contractor shall ensure that all borrow pits used are left in a trim and tidy condition with stable side slopes, re-establishment of vegetation, restoration of natural water courses, avoidance of flooding of the excavated areas wherever possible so no stagnant water bodies are created which could breed mosquitoes; - When the borrow pits cannot be refilled or reasonably drained, the Contractor shall consult with the local community to determine their preference for reuse such as fish farming or other community purposes; - No foreign material generated/ deposited during construction shall remain on site; - Areas affected by stockpiling shall be reinstated to the satisfaction of the CSC. 5.1.5.6 Spoil Disposal Sites If the Contractor proposes any new sites as disposal sites during the construction phase, they have to be approved by PMU and relevant local authorities. The contractor should ensure that these sites (a) are not located within designated forest or cultivated areas, or any other properties; (b) do not impact natural drainage courses; and (c) where they can cause future slides, (d) do not impact endangered/rare flora. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas. The final use of the disposal site shall be approved by the local government. Besides the requirements for the location of spoil disposal sites, the following actions shall be put into place: - Land owners shall be compensated if farmland is occupied for disposal sites; - Before the commencement of the disposal operation, 30 cm of natural soil from the surface shall be first removed and stored at the site. This material will be reserved and used at the end of the disposal operation as cover material for the rehabilitation of the disposal site. - If the disposal site would be located near a river or water course, a retaining wall and/or interception ditch or settling ponds shall be built prior to the initiation of the construction activities. The surface runoff shall be retained and settled first before allowed discharge into the receiving water; - To ensure the stability of the spoil disposal site, the mortar rubble masonry pavement and grouted rubble toe protection shall be adopted to prevent erosion and maintain stability. - A drainage ditch shall be built around the disposal site to control surface runoff; - The construction of disposal sites and transportation of spoils at night is strictly prohibited near residential areas. The sites shall be watered for dust suppression during their operation; - Disposal sites close to patches of agricultural land will be limited in size to avoid damages to crops; For Final Disposal Sites: - Level the materials after being disposed off - Slopes of the dumps will not be steeper than 45o - Build/create the walls to protect slopes - Create and maintain drainage surrounding each disposal area if the dumps make ground level higher than the surroundings. 174 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 5.1.5.7 Demolition of existing and Reconstruction of Do Be bridge: - Inform the local authorities and communities of the construction plan and schedule, block off and demolition of the existing bridge, or any temporary disruption of services at least one month before start of the construction. - Install signboard directing the traffic diversion 600m from the bridge before the existing bridge is blocked off for demolition and reconstruction. - Provide a temporary bridge for the local traffic. - Fence off the demolition area by metal sheet of at least 2.5m high to ensure safety for people. - Use net to protect materials from falling down. - Signboards and fences shall be placed and maintained to safely block off access to the two ends of the existing bridge. Allocate staff to guard the site 24 hours per day. Ensure adequate lighting at night time. - Use steel Larsen pipe driving method to construct the coffer dam for bridge foundation. - Prohibit discharge or dumping of any wastewater, slurry, waste, fuels and waste oil into Than canal. All these materials must be collected and disposed of on land at the banks. The slurry and sediment shall also pump to the banks for disposal and shall not be allowed to discharge to Than canal directly. - Use the mobile toilets to avoid polluting the surrounding environment - During the construction phase, the contractor would arrange the marker posts, construction site signs, speed limit signs at the proper distance that easily visible of traffic participants. Staff must be deployed to keep an outlook on the traffic and give instructions and warnings, especially when vehicles come in and out of the construction sites or stop for loading and unloading of materials and waste. - Reasonably arrange time for materials transportation that avoid the peak hours from 6 am to 8 am and from 4 pm to 6 pm. - Regularly maintain, repair roads used for transporting the construction materials. - Request drivers to control the speed as prescribed: maintain vehicle speed to ensure the safety in accordance with regulations for the vehicles on the road when crossing the localities. - Strictly prohibit to use the air horn when crossing through the residential areas. - Restrict the construction activities at night. If the construction activities at night are unavoidable or disrupt services (supplying electricity, water, etc.), the community must be informed at least one week in advance. - Restore the damaged infrastructure after construction completion. 5.1.5.8 Construction of New Bridge (Son Hai bridge) - The bridge works shall be scheduled to avoid the high flow season; - Local authority and community shall be informed about the construction works the existing bridge with at least two weeks notice. - Equip life jackets, safety belts, ear plugs to workers when building bridge over Than canal or streamline. - Life vests and protective equipment are provided to the workers and enforce the use when working in or above water surface, especially during construction of bridge abutments (2-3m high above the water surface); - For bridge construction, the waste shall be controlled strictly to restrict discharge or dumping of any wastewater, slurry, waste, fuels and waste oil into the water. All these materials must be collected and disposed of on land at the banks. The slurry and sediment shall also pump to the banks for disposal and shall not be allowed to discharge to Than canal directly; - After bridge construction, the disturbed area shall be reinstated. 175 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Concrete mixing directly on the ground shall not be allowed and shall take place on impermeable surfaces; - All runoff from batching areas shall be strictly controlled, and cement-contaminated water shall be collected, stored and disposed of at the approved site; - Unused cement bags shall be stored out of the rain where runoff won’t affect it; Used (empty) cement bags shall be collected and stored in weatherproof containers to prevent windblown cement dust and water contamination.; - All excess concrete shall be removed from site on completion of concrete works and disposed of. Washing of the excess into the ground is not allowed. All excess aggregate shall also be removed. - In the course of bore pile driving, the use of bentonite must be conducted inside a cofferdam made of earth or steel to prevent any spillage from overflowing into the environment and all the mixture of soil and bentonite and bentonite spilled over must be collected and the following forms of processing any spillage are recommended - Construction of bridge pier (abutments) on land: spillage of mixture of soil and bentonite although liquefied and bentonite will be primarily handled: Waste solution of bentonite will be collected into a collector drain, sump or cistern to avoid direct discharge within the construction site, then it will be deposited, preliminary dried and transported for disposal at a designated location either for recycling or recovering the bentonite; - Construction of piers adjacent to the flow: soil mixed with bentonite, even liquefied, and spilled bentonite will be either moved to storage yards on the shore or placed in containers for depositing or drying and then transported to indicate waste dumps for recycling and recovering the bentonite. - For any in water construction for bridges, there shall be strict waste control plan to restrict discharge or dumping of any directly discharge of wastewater, slurry, waste, fuels and waste oil into the water. All these materials must be collected and disposed at the banks. The slurry and sediment shall also pump to the banks for disposal and shall not be allowed to discharge to Than canal directly; - Reinstatement of watercourse crossings shall be carried out, including generic methods for all watercourse crossings and site-specific methods statements for significant or sensitive watercourse crossings; - After bridge construction, the works area, stream diversion, settlement pond areas and temporary bypasses shall be reinstated to the satisfaction of the ECO and SES. 5.1.5.9 Safety during Blasting: Small blasting is envisaged under the project for the coastal road work on Km 3+190 to Km 3+500 which runs through steep rock. No house is in the project site at these road sections. Blasting method is electric ticking time explosion with a hole diameter of 30-50mm  and 2- 2,5m depth. - The explosion of mines must comply with the safety rules on explosion of mines promulgated by the State in Decree No. 39/2009/ND-CP dated April 23, 2009 of the Government on industrial explosives. - Explosives and related equipment must be transported in specialized and highly safe equipment; Detonators must be stored in closed and shockproof box. Speed is limited to max 20k/ h for vehicle transporting explosive material and equipment. During the transport, any collision must be avoided and smoking is prohibited. Vehicles must be 50 m distant from each other. Fire prevention equipment must be available. - Organize the safe storage and supply of explosives. Make a construction diary book to record all the receipts and deliveries of explosives and detonators. - Before blasting is carried out, a detailed survey shall be conducted at nearby 176 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province communities to evaluate the degree of impacts due to the blasting activity (e.g. possible damage to structures or infrastructure due to vibration, effects on animals, local residents, etc.). No blasting shall be allowed during nighttime unless prior approval is obtained from the government authority and the CSC. - Define the scope of guard, guardian and shelter at time of explosion. Define and announce the time of explosion. The radius of danger zone must be calculated according to the conditions at the site and in compliance with regulations on safety and storage, transport and use of explosives. - Before carrying out the explosion for demolishment, it is obliged to carry out the check and acceptance of each hole of explosive and the explosion grid, etc., in compliance with the regulations on check and acceptance of the drilling and mine explosion works. At the working locations, establish signboards and orders announcing the time of mine explosion ...from the commander-in-chief of the explosion for destruction work. - Clear the site, use a chainsaw and by hand to cut down trees within the construction area to prevent the construction process from any possible interruption. Non-duty persons are prohibited to enter the blasting area and the traffic must be temporarily suspended for a short period of time to ensure absolute safety against the explosion. - The Contractor shall take necessary precautions to prevent damage to special features and the general environment; organize the protection of dangerous area with signals, signboards, monitoring and command station within the limited boundaries of the explosion area. - Announce in advance the explosion to authorities of the locality and to local people and explain the signals. - People should be at least 200 m away from the blasting point; - For the transportation, storage, process, package on site, connect, blasting and the disposal of the blasting, the procedure shall be in accordance with the Vietnamese regulations on Blasting; - Except for detonation, all the power and the light shall be turned off; - The excavation face shall be on the same level with the lining of surface. The distance is defined according to the factors of the intensity of the concrete and the character of the wall rock; - The safety examination shall be fulfilled after the blasting, whose the procedure shall be performed according to the Vietnamese regulations on blasting; - The quantity of blasting materials shall be carefully controlled according to the real situation. 5.1.6 Site- Specific Mitigation Measures 5.1.6.1 The Coastal Road The site-specific mitigation measures for the coastal road are presented in Table 5.3 below. 177 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..89. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along The Coastal Road Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility Section 1: Start point intersecting with the planned coastal road - Elevated road may block/ - Build compensatory ditch, clean up drainage Contractors PMU, CSC, alternate existing drainage pattern ditch regularly to maintain hydrological IEMC which lead to localised flooding connection between the two sides of the road; Agricultural land area in crop land - Protect, cover the construction area from falling - Construction materials and waste into crop land, clean up materials if crop Km may fill up agricultural land and land/ditch are filled up; 0+00 irrigation ditches - Provide safe and convenience access for the - Km - Disturb access to agricultural land farmers to travel from one side of the road to the 0+50 by farmers other 0 - Increased bush fire risks if the - The workers are not allow to set fire if not workers set fire uncontrolly authorized; surrounding the construction area, - Provide protective clothes particularly booths From km 0+240 - 0+500, the particularly in dry season and gloves and enforce the workers to use road surface will be 2 m above - Insects, reptiles may appear in - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away existing ground level construction areas when their or release them into undisturbed areas rather than habitats are disturbed, they may killing them attack the workers and cause injuries - Dust may affect the temple - Do not load materials and waste within 20 m Contractors PMU, CSC, structure from the temple IEMC - Material and wastes may affect - Water the construction areas located within 100 Km landscape and hinder access, m from the temple in hot, dry day 0+50 - Noise may disturb worshiping - Minimise the volume of materials and wastes 0 activities on 1st and 15th lunar temporarily loaded in the area and minimize the month activities that generate noise in the 1st and 15th - Unsuitable language or of lunar month behaviours of workers may be - Enforce compliance to the workers of conduct offensive to the relic keeper and particularly with regards to language and visitors behaviours when present in the area near the Le Van ancestral temple temple 178 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Safety risks to the Public in - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, residential areas construction commencement; IEMC - Increased level of dust and noise - Place warning and speed limit signs and - Construction materials and waste reflective fences along the areas passing the may fill up agricultural land and residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at irrigation ditches night - Fragmentation of community at - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks when the end section travelling on local road and passing residential - Localised flooding risks at section areas passing populated residential - Provide safe and convenience access for local clusters residents to travel from one side of the road to - Disturbance on access and daily the other Km activities of households due to - Protect materials from falling into agricultural 0+50 dust, noise, excavation, land and ditch, clean up if materials drop in there 0 Km movement of trucks etc. in - Water the construction areas located within 100 1+10 populated residential area m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, 0 - Risks of cracking/damages to dry day existing weak structure, if any - Minimise the volume of materials and wastes Residential area - Traffic disturbance and increased temporarily loaded within 100 m from the traffic safety risks on existing residential area local roads - Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If The road surface at this section not avoidable, inform communities at least two will be 1.5 m above existing days in advance ground level - Minimise the volume of materials temporarily loaded within 20 m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up - Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method in areas where weak structures are identified - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily 179 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Traffic safety risk on the access - Minimise the number of trucks leaving Contractors PMU, CSC, road during peak hours: 7h-7h30; construction sites during the peak hours IEMC 11h-11h30; 13h-13h30; 16h30 - - Arrange staff to direct traffic on this section on 17h30 peak hours during peak construction period Km 1+15 0 Kindergarten Ninh Hai commune - Increased safety risks to the - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, Public construction commencement; IEMC - Increased level of dust and noise - Place warning and speed limit signs, and - Fragmentation of community reflective fences along the areas passing the - Localised flooding risks residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at - Disturbance on access and daily night activities of households due to - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks when Km dust, noise, excavation, travelling on local road or passing residential 1+15 movement of trucks etc. areas 0 to - Risks of cracking/damages to - Provide safe and convenience access for local Km existing weak structure, if any residents to travel from one side of the road to 1+30 - Traffic disturbance and increased the other 0 traffic safety risks on existing - Water the construction areas located within 100 local roads m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day - Minimise the volume of materials and wastes Residential area temporarily loaded within 10 m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up - Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If not avoidable, inform communities at least two days in advance 180 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method (instead of vibration) in areas where weak structures are identified - Place speed limit or detour signs on the affected existing road - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily - Dust may affect the structure - Do not load materials and waste within 20 m Contractors PMU, CSC, - Noise may disturb worshiping from the relic IEMC activities on 1st and 15th lunar - Water the construction areas located within 100 month m from the relic in hot, dry day - Material and wastes may affect - Minimise the volume of materials and wastes landscape and hinder access, temporarily loaded in the area and minimize the Km - Unsuitable language or activities that generate noise in the 1st and 15th of 1+30 behaviours of workers may be lunar month 0 offensive to the relic keeper and - Enforce compliance to the workers of conduct visitors particularly with regards to language and - Risks of traffic disturbance, behaviours when present in the area near the accidents and safety on access temple General Truong Cong Xuan relic road - Do not load construction materials and wastes within 10 from access road during 1st and 15th lunar month - Construction materials and waste - Clean up crop land and drainage ditches if they Contractors PMU, CSC, may fill up agricultural land and are filled up by construction materials IEMC irrigation ditches - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up Km - Risks of vegetation over clearance vegetation outside construction areas 1+30 - Insects and reptiles may attack the - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated 0 to workers and cause injuries land Km - Traffic disturbance and increased - Provide protective clothes particularly booths 1+70 traffic safety risks on existing and gloves and enforce the workers to use 0 local roads - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away - Disturb, interrupt traffic on the or release them into undisturbed areas rather than local road killing them 181 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility Agricultural land area - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected existing road - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily - Traffic disturbance on access road - Minimise the volume of materials and wastes Contractors PMU, CSC, - Material and wastes may affect temporarily loaded in the area and minimize the IEMC landscape and hinder access. activities that generate noise in the 1st and 15th of - Dust may affect the structure lunar month - Noise may disturb worshiping - Enforce compliance to the workers of conduct Km particularly with regards to language and activities on 1st and 15th lunar 1+50 behaviours when present in the area near the month 0 temple - Unsuitable language or behaviours of workers may be - Do not load construction materials and wastes offensive to the relic keeper and within 10 from access road during 1st and 15th visitors Lunar month. General Pham Van Doan relic - Traffic disturbance on access road - Safety risks to the Public - Protect materials from falling into crop Contractors PMU, CSC, - Traffic disturbance and increased land/ditch. Clean up these if they are filled up by IEMC traffic safety risks on village construction materials/wastes Km roads - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up 1+70 - Construction materials and waste vegetation outside construction areas 0 to may fill up agricultural land and - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated Km irrigation ditches land 1+90 - Risks of vegetation over clearance - Provide protective clothes particularly booths 0 - Insects and reptiles may attack the and gloves and enforce the workers to use workers and cause injuries - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing them - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the Residential area affected existing road - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily 182 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Construction materials and waste - Protect materials from falling into crop Contractors PMU, CSC, may fill up agricultural land and land/ditch. Clean up these if they are filled up by IEMC irrigation ditches construction materials/wastes Km - Risks of vegetation over clearance - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up 1+90 - Insects and reptiles may attack the vegetation outside construction areas 0 to workers and cause injuries - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated Km land 2+40 - Provide protective clothes particularly booths 0 and gloves and enforce the workers to use - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release them into undisturbed areas rather than Agricultural land area along the killing them route - Safety risks to the Public - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, - Increased level of dust and noise construction commencement; IEMC - Fragmentation of community - Place warning and speed limit signs, and - Localised flooding reflective fences along the areas passing the - Disturbance on access and daily residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at activities of households due to night Km dust, noise, excavation, - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks when 2+40 movement of trucks etc. travelling on local road or passing residential 0 to - Risks of cracking/damages to areas Km existing weak structure, if any - Provide safe and convenience access for local 2+90 - Traffic disturbance and increased residents to travel from one side of the road to 0 traffic safety risks on existing the other local roads - Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day - Minimise the volume of materials and wastes temporarily loaded within 10 m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up Residential area - Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If 183 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility not avoidable, inform communities at least two days in advance - Carry out inventory on exiting weak structures along the road to determine the locations that static vibrations should be applied - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected existing road - Clean up materials dropped at the intersection with the local road daily - Construction materials and waste - Clean up crop land and drainage ditches if they Contractors PMU, CSC, may fill up agricultural land and are filled up by construction materials IEMC irrigation ditches - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up - Risks of vegetation over clearance vegetation outside construction areas Km - Insects and reptiles may attack the - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated 2+90 workers and cause injuries land 0 to - Traffic disturbance and increased - Provide protective clothes particularly booths Km traffic safety risks on existing and gloves and enforce the workers to use 3+50 local roads, particularly on the - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away 0 road the beach. or release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing them Agricultural land area along the - Avoid or minimize construction activities at this route section during peak tourist season - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected existing road - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily 184 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Safety risks to the Public - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, - Increased level of dust and noise construction commencement; IEMC - Fragmentation of community - Place warning and speed limit signs, and - Disturbance on access and daily reflective fences along the areas passing the activities of households due to residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at dust, noise, excavation, night movement of trucks etc. - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks when - Risks of cracking/damages to travelling on local road or passing residential existing weak structure, if any areas - Construction materials and waste - Water the construction areas located within 100 Km may fill up agricultural land and m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, 3+50 irrigation ditches dry day 0 to - Disturbance on accessibility to - Carry out inventory of weak structure, apply 4+90 agricultural land static compaction method at risky locations. 0 - Traffic disturbance and increased - Provide safe and convenience access for the traffic safety risks on existing residents to their houses and farmers to travel local roads between the two sides of the road when existing Residential area; Agricultural access is disturbed land area - Clean up crop land and drainage ditches if they are filled up by construction materials - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up vegetation outside construction areas - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated land - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected existing road - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily 185 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Construction materials and waste - Clean up crop land and drainage ditches if they may fill up agricultural land and are filled up by construction materials Km irrigation ditches - Provide safe access to crop land along the road 5+00 - Disturb access to crop land for the farmers to Km - Traffic disturbance and increased - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the 5+60 traffic safety risks on existing affected existing road 0 local roads - Clean up materials dropped on local road near construction site regularly Agricultural land area - Risks of Over clearance of trees - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up Contractors PMU, CSC, and vegetation cover at the two vegetation outside construction areas IEMC ends of the bridge - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated - surface water quality degraded land due to construction materials, - Avoid temporary loading oil tanks, construction Km excavated/ drilling materials, and materials, wastes etc. within 20 from the river, 5+30 bentonite protect slops and create ditches with 0 - Injury risks for the workers: sedimentation traps surrounding the foot of falling onto the canal, bush material/waste dumps insects bite - Do not wash construction equipment directly in Son Hai bridge: reinforced the river concrete, B=21m, L=90m. Pile - Provide protective clothes and enforce the driving: 40 m deep workers to use, particularly boots, hard hats, life vest - If insects are found, try to drive them away instead of killing them 186 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Construction materials and waste - Prevent materials from falling into crop land and Contractors PMU, CSC, may fill up agricultural land and ditch. Clean up if they are filled up by IEMC irrigation ditches construction materials/wastes - Access to crop land may be - Provide safe access to crop land for farmers disturbed when existing access is disturbed Km - Place speed limit sign on the affected existing 5+64 - Traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks on the existing road 0 - Arrange staff to direct traffic when trucks carry approach road. ing bulky material moving in and out near the Ending point section 1 intersection (intersects with the approach - Clean up materials dropped at the intersection on road Do Be bridge) the approach road daily Section 2: Approach road Do Be bridge (Km 5+640) - Safety risk and disturbance to the - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, residential area construction commencement; IEMC - Risks of vegetation over clearance - Place warning and speed limit signs, and - Insects and reptiles may attack the reflective fences along the areas passing the Km workers and cause injuries residential cluster and at the intersection with 5+64 - Traffic disturbance and increased local road; 0 to traffic safety risks on existing - provided adequate lighting at night Km local roads, - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks when 6+00 travelling on local road or passing residential areas Residential area - Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day 187 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Construction materials and waste - Prevent materials from falling into irrigation Contractors PMU, CSC, may fill up irrigation ditches ditch. Clean up if it is filled up by construction IEMC - Risks of vegetation over clearance materials/wastes - Insects and reptiles may attack the - Provide safe access to crop land for farmers workers and cause injuries when existing access is disturbed - Traffic disturbance and increased - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up Km traffic safety risks on existing vegetation outside construction areas 6+00 local roads. - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated to Km land 7+60 - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and 0 gloves and enforce the workers to use - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing them Agricultural land - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected existing road - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily - Material and wastes may affect - Do not load materials and waste within 20 m Contractors PMU, CSC, landscape and hinder access, from the temple IEMC - Noise may disturb worshiping - Water the construction areas located within 100 activities on 1st and 15th Lunar m from the temple in hot, dry day Km month - Minimise the volume of materials and wastes 7+90 - Unsuitable language or temporarily loaded in the area and minimize the 0 behaviours of workers may be activities that generate noise in the 1st and 15th of offensive to the relic keeper and Lunar month visitors - Enforce compliance to the workers of conduct particularly with regards to language and Khanh Pagoda behaviours when present in the area near the temple 188 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Disturb access to crop land - Prevent materials from falling into irrigation Contractors PMU, CSC, - Materials and wastes may fill up ditch. Clean up if it is filled up by construction IEMC Km irrigation ditch materials/wastes 7+90 - Provide safe access to crop land for farmers 0 to when existing access is disturbed Km 9+70 0 Agricultural land - Increased safety risks and - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, disturbance to local residents construction commencement; IEMC - Risks of vegetation over clearance - Place warning and speed limit signs, and - Insects and reptiles may attack the reflective fences along the areas passing the workers and cause injuries residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at - Traffic disturbance and increased night Km traffic safety risks on existing - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks when 9+70 local roads. travelling on local road or passing residential 0 to areas Km - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up 10+0 vegetation outside construction areas 0 - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated land - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and gloves and enforce the workers to use Residential area - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing them - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected existing road - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily 189 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision ion sibility - Access through existing bridge - Place warning and speed limit signs, and Contractors PMU, CSC, will be disturbed reflective bands along the bridge IEMC - Traffic disturbance - provided adequate lighting at night - Apply speed limit at 10 km/h to trucks when Km travelling on the bridge. 10+6 40 Ending point Section 2 (approach road of Lach Bang 2 bridge) 5.1.6.2 Road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang - Nghi Son EZ The relevant site-specific mitigation measures along the road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang - Nghi Son EZ listed in Table 5.4 will be included into construction bidding and contractual documents of each bid package. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..90. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along The Road from Binh Minh to Sao Vang - Nghi Son EZ Locat Sensitive receptors Impacts Site-specific Mitigation Measures Responsi- Supervision ion bility Km - Traffic disturbance and - Place “road works” and “reduced speed” signs on NH1A at Contractors PMU, CSC, 0+00 increased traffic safety 50 m from the intersection and from the petrol station IEMC - Km risks at the intersection 0+05 with NH1A and near the 0 petrol station Beginning point at the intersection with NH1A 190 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Sensitive receptors Impacts Site-specific Mitigation Measures Responsi- Supervision ion bility The petrol station Km - Increased safety risk and - Inform community at least two weeks before construction Contractors PMU, CSC, 0+05 disturbance to local commencement; IEMC 0 to community - Place warning and speed limit signs, and reflective fences Km - Construction materials along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided 1+00 and waste may fill up adequate lighting at night 0: irrigation ditches - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks when passing - Accessibility to crop land residential areas Residential area; may be interrupted - Prevent materials from falling into irrigation ditch. Clean Agricultural land area - Risks of vegetation over up if it is filled up by construction materials/wastes clearance - Provide safe access to crop land for farmers when existing - Insects and reptiles may access is disturbed attack the workers and - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up vegetation cause injuries outside construction areas - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated land - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and gloves and enforce the workers to use - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing them 191 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Sensitive receptors Impacts Site-specific Mitigation Measures Responsi- Supervision ion bility Km - Disturb access to graves - Mark construction area, minimise disturbed area on the Contractors PMU, CSC, 1+00 and worshipping ground IEMC 0 to activities, particularly on - Do not let materials and waste block access to graves 1+08 1st and 15th of lunar - Minimise construction activities during 1st, 15th of lunar 0: month month or when there are events at the cemetery - Insects may attack the - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and gloves workers and enforce the workers to use - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release Cemetery area them into undisturbed areas rather than killing them. Km - Disturb access to crop - Prevent materials from falling into the irrigation ditch and Contractors PMU, CSC, 1+08 land the Cau Trang canal. Clean up if irrigation ditch is filled up IEMC 0 to - Materials and wastes may by construction materials/wastes Km fill up crop land and - Provide safe access to crop land for farmers when existing 1+88 irrigation ditch access is disturbed 0 - Disturbance and - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected increased traffic safety existing road Agricultural land area risks at the intersection - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily with commune road - Provide adequate lighting at the intersection at night time - Risks of materials and - Protect, prevent materials and wastes from falling into the wastes falling into the Cau Trang canal Cau Trang canal Km - Community disturbance - Inform community at least two weeks before construction Contractors PMU, CSC, 1+88 and increased safety risks commencement; IEMC 0 to - Disturb access to crop - Place warning and speed limit signs, and reflective fences Km land along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided 2+08 - Crop land and irrigation adequate lighting at night 0 ditch may be filled up - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks when passing - Traffic disturbance and residential areas increased traffic safety - Prevent materials from falling into irrigation ditch. Clean Residential area, risks at the intersection up if it is filled up by construction materials/wastes Agricultural land area with commune road. - Provide safe access to crop land for farmers when existing access is disturbed - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected existing road 192 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Locat Sensitive receptors Impacts Site-specific Mitigation Measures Responsi- Supervision ion bility - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily Km - Traffic disturbance and - Place speed limit and/or detour signs on the affected Contractors PMU, CSC, 2+08 increased traffic safety existing road IEMC 0 risks at the intersection - Provide adequate lighting at night time with the coastal road - Clean up materials dropped on local road daily End point intersecting with the coastal road 5.1.6.3 Do Be bridge and Approach Roads The relevant site-specific mitigation measures along Do Be bridge and approach roads listed in Table 5.5 will be included into construction bidding and contractual documents of each bid package. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..91. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along Do Be Bridge and Approach Roads Location Impacts Responsi- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision bility - Disturb access to crop land - Provide safe access to crop land for farmers when existing Contractors PMU, CSC, - Crop land and irrigation access is disturbed IEMC Upgrading ditch may be filled up - Prevent materials from falling into irrigation ditch. Clean the western - Risks on Over clearance of up if it is filled up by construction materials/wastes approach vegetation - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up vegetation road of Do - Insects from bush may outside construction areas Be bridge attack the workers - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated land (L=220 m) The alignment is - Spreading of invasive - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and gloves coincided with the plants into agricultural and enforce the workers to use existing road land - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing them 193 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision bility - Invasive plant must be burnt onsite before transported away to prevent seeds spreading at disposal area - Disruptions of traffic on - Prior to construction commencement, the contractor must Contractors PMU, CSC, the exiting bridge prepare traffic and traffic safety management plan for this IEMC - Accident risks to the site and submit to CSC for review and approval public underneath during - Detour heavy load vehicles to the nearby bridges bridge demolition - Inform local community at least two weeks and repeat - Place 5km/h speed limit, every day before bridge demolition warning sign, reflective - Install nests and fences on/ surrounding the existing bridge Do Be bridge until demolition is completed over Than bands along the temporary bridge if built - Avoid temporary loading oil tanks, construction materials, canal (L=70 wastes etc. within 20m from the river, protect slops and m) - Surface water quality degraded due to create ditches with sedimentation traps surrounding the 3 piles will be driven into construction materials, foot of material/waste dumps the rive bed and two excavated/ drilling - Do not wash construction equipment directly in the river abutments will be built materials, and bentonite - Provide protective clothes and enforce the workers to use, - Injury risks for the particularly boots, hard hats, life vest workers: falling onto the - Avoid pile driving at night time canal, bush insects bite - Increased dust and noise - Inform community at least two weeks before construction Contractors PMU, CSC, level commencement; IEMC The eastern - Traffic disturbance and - Place warning and speed limit signs, and reflective fences approach increased traffic safety along the areas passing the residential cluster; road of Do risks - provided adequate lighting at night Be bridge - Temporarily disrupt - Avoid loading materials and wastes within 20 m from (L=220 m): business activities houses and shops Residential area, of - Spray the disturbed area within 50 m from any house and which: 9 business shops households - Minimise disturbance to entry/exit at the petrol station. 194 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision bility The petrol station; The alignment is coincided with the existing road 5.1.6.4 Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach The relevant site-specific mitigation measures along the road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach listed in Table 5.6 will be included into construction bidding and contractual documents of each bid package. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..92. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along The Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai Beach Location Site-specific Mitigation Measures Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Site-specific Impacts/Risks bility vision - Traffic disturbance - Place “road works” and “reduced speed” signs on NH1A Contractors PMU, - Increased traffic safety risks, at 50 m from the intersection and from the petrol station CSC, particularly at the junction - Provide adequate lighting at night time IEMC - Ensure adequate vision for drivers from NH1A at section Km 0+00: near the junction Beginning point at the intersection with NH1A 195 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Site-specific Mitigation Measures Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Site-specific Impacts/Risks bility vision - Increased dust and noise Provide safe access to crop land for farmers when existing - Contractors PMU, level at residential area access is disturbed CSC, - Increased safety risks at the- Prevent materials from falling into irrigation ditch. Clean IEMC residential area up if it is filled up by construction materials/wastes - Disturb access to crop land - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up vegetation Km 0+000 - Crop land and irrigation outside construction areas to 0+100: ditch may be filled up - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated land - Risks on Over clearance of - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and gloves vegetation and enforce the workers to use - Insects from bush may - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or attack the workers release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing - Traffic disturbance and them increased traffic safety on - Invasive plant must be burnt onsite before transported existing local road away to prevent seeds spreading at disposal area - Disturb access to graves and - Mark construction area, minimise disturbed area on the worshipping activities, ground st th particularly on 1 and 15 of - Do not let materials and waste block access to graves lunar month - Minimise construction activities during 1st, 15th of Lunar Km 0+100 - Insects may attack the month or when there are events at the cemetery to 0+200 workers - Minimise Provide protective clothes particularly boots and gloves and enforce the workers to use - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing Cemetery area them - Disturb access to crop land - Provide safe access to crop land for farmers when existing Contractors PMU, - Crop land and irrigation access is disturbed CSC, Km 0+200 ditch may be filled up - Prevent materials from falling into irrigation ditch. Clean IEMC to Km - Localised flooding up if it is filled up by construction materials/ wastes 0+750 risks/risks on disruption of - Build compensatory ditches and/or maintain irrigation service irrigation/drainage function of affected ditches - Risks on Over clearance of - Mark up construction areas and do not clear up vegetation vegetation outside construction areas - Traffic disturbance and - Do not load materials and wastes on vegetated land increased traffic safety risks 196 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Site-specific Mitigation Measures Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Site-specific Impacts/Risks bility vision Ending point at the at the intersection with - Place road work, speed limit, detour signal the intersection intersection with the coastal commune road with commune road as appropriate road - Insects from bush may - Place reflective band at the intersection with commune attack the workers road, provide adequate lighting at night - Increased fire risks, damages - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and gloves to the trees if the workers and enforce the workers to use enter the plantation area and - When insects, reptile are found, drive them away or set fire there or cut tree release them into undisturbed areas rather than killing branches for various them purposes, particularly in dry - Forbit the workers to set fire or clear the trees if season. unauthorized 5.1.6.5 Than canal The relevant site-specific mitigation measures along Than canal listed in Table 5.7 will be included into construction bidding and contractual documents of each bid package. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..93. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along Than Canal Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision - Riverside vegetation may be over - Mark up the dredging area and minimize Contractors PMU, cleared disturbing the areas outside CSC, Km 8+893: - Disturbance to the traffic on the - Place speed limit signboard at the access of the IEMC Start at Mai Mai bridge Mai bridge bridge - Avoid loading equipment and materials on the Mai bridge during dredging. - Risks about over clearance of - Mark up and minimize disturb area, Contractors PMU, Km 8+893 to riverside vegetation - Temporary load the dredged materials at sites CSC, Km 10+070: - Risk of filling up, flooding, or designated for each section. IEMC even damages crops and - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding by vegetation (due to 5%o salinity of impermeable materials such plastic sheets and the dredged materials) in lead the leak water run back to the river agricultural land due to dredged 197 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision materials and/or wastewater - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and leaked from dredged materials gloves for the workers and enforce the use temporary disposal site - When insects/replies are found, drive them away - Labor safety risk for workers instead of killing them when being bitten by insects, - Carry out dredging half width of the canal each snakes… time to maintain flow in the other half. Connect - Irrigation/drainage function of the the affected ditch with water from the other half of Rice field, crop land area existing ditch may be disturbed canal for irrigation/drainage - Dredged materials may cause - Do not load dredged materials, equipment, nuisance to cemetery visitors wastes etc. that obstruct access to graves, particularly during 1st, 15th of lunar months and when there are events at the cemetery - Possible impacts on the bridge - Arrange staff to direct driver if bulldozer is used Contractors PMU, abutments if there is no proper for dredging near the abutment CSC, dredging and reinforcing method. - Carry out manual dredging instead of using IEMC - Odour and temporary loads of machineries at some locations under/ near the Km 10 + dredged materials along the canal bridge abatement if necessary 71400 may cause nuisance to the public - Monitor the status of the bridge during dredging and affect local people as well as - Carry out levelling, shaping to keep the temporary tourists loads does not look messy in the area that is visible form the bridge Noi bridge crossing Than - Transport dry dredged materials to final disposal canal site as soon as possible 198 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision - Risks about over clearance of - Mark up and minimize disturb area, Contractors PMU, riverside vegetation - Temporary load the dredged materials at sites CSC, - Risk of filling up, flooding, or designated for each section. IEMC even damages crops and - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding by vegetation (due to 5%o salinity of impermeable materials such plastic sheets and Km 10+714 the dredged materials) in lead the leak water run back to the river to Km agricultural land when mud - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and 11+251 dredged materials and/or gloves for the workers and enforce the use wastewater leaked from dredged - When insects/replies are found, drive them away materials in temporary disposal instead of killing them site - Carry out dredging half width of the canal each Rice field and crop land area - Insects, reptiles such as snake time to maintain flow in the other half. Connect may attack workers. the affected ditch with water from the other half of - Irrigation/drainage function of the canal for irrigation/drainage existing ditch may be disturbed - Dredging activity may affect the Arrange staff to direct driver if bulldozer is used - Contractors PMU, Chay bridge crossing Than stability of the bridge abutment for dredging near the abutment CSC, canal on the road to Hai Hoa - Odour and temporary loads of - Carry out manual dredging instead of using IEMC beach dredged materials along the canal machineries at some locations under/ near the may cause nuisance to the public bridge abatement if necessary Km 11+250 and affect local people as well as - Monitor the status of the bridge during dredging tourists - Carry out levelling, shaping to keep the temporary loads does not look messy in the area that is visible form the bridge - Transport dry dredged materials to final disposal site as soon as possible - Risks about over clearance of - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, riverside vegetation dredging takes place CSC, Km 11+250 - Insects, reptiles such as bees or - Mark up and minimize disturb area, IEMC to Km snakes may appear and attack the - Temporary load the dredged materials at sites 12+370 workers designated for each section. - Risk of filling up, flooding, or - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and Rice field and crop land even damages crops and gloves for the workers and enforce the use vegetation (due to 5%o salinity of 199 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision the dredged materials) in - When insects/replies are found, drive them away agricultural land due to dredged instead of killing them materials and/or wastewater - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding by leaked from dredged materials impermeable materials such plastic sheets and temporary disposal site lead the leak water run back to the river - Irrigation and drainage function - Carry out levelling, shaping to keep the temporary may be affected loads does not look messy in the area that is visible - Bad Odour and Dredged materials form the bridge Ending point is Binh Minh may cause public nuisance. - Carry out dredging half width of the canal each bridge time to maintain flow in the other half. Connect the affected ditch with water from the other half of canal for irrigation/drainage - Transport dry dredged materials to final disposal site as soon as possible - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, dredging takes place CSC, - Risks about over clearance of - Mark up and minimize disturb area, IEMC riverside vegetation - Temporary load the dredged materials at sites - Insects, reptiles such as bees or designated for each section. snakes may appear and attack the - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and Km 12+370 workers gloves for the workers and enforce the use to Km - Risk of filling up, flooding, or - When insects/replies are found, drive them away 13+320: Rice field and crop land even damages crops and instead of killing them vegetation (due to 5%o salinity of - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding by the dredged materials) in impermeable materials such plastic sheets and Km 13+822: agricultural land due to dredged lead the leak water run back to the river Ending point materials and/or wastewater - Carry out levelling, shaping to keep the temporary leaked from dredged materials loads does not look messy in the area that is visible temporary disposal site form the bridge - Bad Odour and Dredged materials - Carry out dredging half width of the canal each Do Be bridge may cause public nuisance time to maintain flow in the other half. Connect the affected ditch with water from the other half of canal for irrigation/drainage - Transport dry dredged materials to final disposal 200 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision site as soon as possible. 5.1.6.6 Cau Trang Canal The relevant site-specific mitigation measures along Cau Trang canal listed in Table 5.8 will be included into construction bidding and contractual documents of each bid package. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..94. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along Cau Trang Canal Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision Risks about over clearance of riverside - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, vegetation dredging takes place CSC, - Water quality in the ponds may be - Mark up and minimize disturb area, IEMC affected with increased turbidity and - Temporary load the dredged materials at sites salinity from dredged materials and designated for each section. leaked water - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and - Insects, reptiles such as bees or snakes gloves for the workers and enforce the use may appear and attack the workers - When insects/reptiles are found, drive them away Km 0+000 to - Risk of filling up, flooding, or even instead of killing them Km 2+000 damages crops and vegetation (due to - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding 5%o salinity of the dredged materials) by impermeable materials such plastic sheets and in agricultural land due to dredged lead the leak water run back to the river materials and/or wastewater leaked - Carry out dredging half width of the canal each Agricultural land area from dredged materials temporary time to maintain flow in the other half. Connect disposal site the affected ditch with water from the other half - Drainage/irrigation may be disrupted of canal for irrigation/ drainage - Bad Odour and Dredged materials may - Transport dry dredged materials to final disposal cause public nuisance site as soon as possible 201 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision - Public nuisance, negative impacts on - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, urban landscape from dredged dredging takes place CSC, materials - Place warning signs and reflective bands IEMC - Odour issue surrounding dredging area. Provide adequate - Increased safety risks lighting at night time - Health risks for the workers when - Avoid temporary loading, use watertight tank to exposed to or in contact with transport the damp dredged materials to the final contaminated dredged materials disposal site if possible. Monitor and apply - Community disturbance measures to control pollution due to leaked water - Traffic disturbance and increased from dredged materials traffic safety risks, particularly on the - Cover or contain tightly dredged materials if Km 2+00 to bridges, NH1A and Le Huy Thuan temporarily loaded within 20 m from any Km 3+500 road section crossing the canal buildings or houses - Provide protective clothes particularly boots, masks and gloves for the workers and enforce the use Residential area in Tinh Gia - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding township by impermeable materials such plastic sheets and lead the leak water run back to the river if temporarily loaded - Transport dry dredged materials to final disposal site as soon as possible - Avoid loading materials or concentrate at the same time too many people on the bridge/roads crossing the canal - Public nuisance due to odour, - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, wastewater leakage and dredged dredging takes place CSC, materials odor from dredged material - Place warning signs and reflective bands IEMC may affect the children surrounding dredging area. Provide adequate lighting at night time - Increased safety and traffic safety along - Avoid temporary loading, use watertight tank the canal, particularly during peak hours trucks to transport the damp dredged materials to - Bad odor affect teaching, learning and the final disposal site if possible. Monitor and relaxing activities, particularly affect 202 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision Tinh Gia township children. apply the measures to control pollution due to Kindergarten - Disturbance to business households leaked water from dredged materials - Transport dry dredged materials to final disposal site as soon as possible - Avoid dredging and transportation activities near the kindergarten during peak hours - Cover or contain tightly dredged materials if temporarily loaded within 50 m from business houses - Risks about over clearance of riverside - Mark up and minimize disturb area, Contractors PMU, vegetation - Temporary load the dredged materials at sites CSC, - Insects, reptiles such as bees or snakes designated for each section. IEMC may appear and attack the workers - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and - Risk of filling up, flooding, or even gloves for the workers and enforce the use damages crops and vegetation (due to - When insects/reptiles are found, drive them away 5%o salinity of the dredged materials) instead of killing them Km 3+500 to in agricultural land due to dredged - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding Km 4+700 materials and/or wastewater leaked by impermeable materials such plastic sheets and from dredged materials temporary lead the leak water run back to the river disposal site - Carry out dredging half width of the canal each - Drainage/irrigation may be disrupted time to maintain flow in the other half. Connect the affected ditch with water from the other half Agricultural land area of canal for irrigation/ drainage - Transport dry dredged materials to final disposal site as soon as possible 203 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location Impacts Responsi- Super- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures bility vision - Risk of filling up, flooding, or even - Inform the farmers at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, Agricultural land damages crops and vegetation (due to dredging CSC, 5%o salinity of the dredged materials) - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding IEMC in agricultural land due to dredged by impermeable materials such plastic sheets and Km 4+700 – Eding point materials and/or wastewater leaked lead the leak water run back to the river Km 5+700: from dredged materials temporary - Carry out dredging half width of the canal each disposal site time to maintain flow in the other half. Connect - Irrigation may be disrupted the affected ditch with water from the other half Binh Minh - Sao Vang road of canal for irrigation/ drainage. Agricultural land area 5.1.6.7 Sewers, PSs, WWTP The relevant site-specific mitigation measures along the sewers, PSs, WWTP listed in Table 5.9 will be included into construction bidding and contractual documents of each bid package. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..95. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along The Sewers, PSs, WWTP Sensitive Responsi- Picture Site-specific Impacts and Risks Site-specific Mitigation Measures Super-vision receptors bility Contractors PMU, CSC, Sewer along Cau Trang canal IEMC - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, - Public nuisance, negative constructing takes place IEMC impacts on urban landscape - Mark up and minimize disturb area, from dredged excavation - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and Km 2+00 to Km - Increased safety risks gloves for the workers and enforce the use 3+500: - Health risks for the workers - When insects/reptiles are found, drive them away when exposed to excavate instead of killing them. - Community disturbance - Traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks, particularly on the bridges, 204 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Sensitive Responsi- Picture Site-specific Impacts and Risks Site-specific Mitigation Measures Super-vision receptors bility NH1A and Le Huy Thuan road section crossing the canal - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, dredging takes place IEMC Km 2+900: Tinh - Place warning signs and reflective bands - Increased safety and traffic Gia township surrounding dredging area. Provide adequate safety along the canal, kindergarten lighting at night time particularly during peak hours - Avoid dredging and transportation activities near - Disturbance to business the kindergarten during peak hours households - Cover or contain tightly dredged materials if temporarily loaded within 50 m from business houses - Risks about over clearance of - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, Km 3+500 to riverside vegetation construction takes place IEMC Km 4+700: - Insects, reptiles such as bees or - Mark up and minimize disturb area, Agricultural land snakes may appear and attack - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and area the workers gloves for the workers and enforce the use - Drainage/irrigation may be - When insects/reptiles are found, drive them away disrupted instead of killing them. Irrigation may be disrupted - Inform local authorities at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, construction takes place IEMC Agricultural land - Mark up and minimize disturb area, Km 4+700 – km - Build connect compensatory irrigation canal 5+700: Eding point before construction Binh Minh - Sao Vang road PS1, capacity of - Traffic safety risks when the PS - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, 26m3/h is located near the road construction commencement IEMC - When insects/reptiles are found, drive them away 205 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Sensitive Responsi- Picture Site-specific Impacts and Risks Site-specific Mitigation Measures Super-vision receptors bility - Over clearance of vegetation on instead of killing them. the land - Provide protective clothes particularly boots and Insects may attack the workers gloves for the workers and enforce the use - Shielding, layout of warning signs for deep holes - Soil subsident risks as the pump chamber is 2.5 m deep - Safety risks for local community when passing by, particularly at night time - Over clearance of crop land risks - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, construction commencement IEMC - Vehicles, construction plants and - Risks about over clearance of riverside vegetation excavated materials may cause PS2, capacity of - Insects, reptiles such as bees or snakes may appear damage to or fill up agricultural 50m3/h and attack the workers land - Shielding, layout of warning signs for deep holes - Soil subsident risks as the pump chamber is 4 m deep - Inform community at least two weeks before Contractors PMU, CSC, - Disrupt accessibility to construction commencement agricultural land surrounding the - Provide and maintain alternative access to IEMC WWTP agricultural land surrounding the WWTP - Construction materials and - Install fences to separate the WWTP site with wastes may overflow onto the agricultural land surrounding agricultural land - Create and maintain drainage ditches surrounding causing damages to crop trees, the WWTP WWTP affecting productivity - Create sedimentation traps within WWTP and - Irrigation ditches in agricultural clean up regularly land around the plant may be filled - Provide septic tank toilets for worker to use at up and blocked WWTP site Surface runoff on elevated ground - Enforce compliance with Codes of Conducts at the WWTP sites may disturb - Build connect compensatory irrigation canal before existing drainage pattern and cause disposal more serious localized flooding - Provide and enforce the workers to use life vest when working on the Than canal. 206 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Sensitive Responsi- Picture Site-specific Impacts and Risks Site-specific Mitigation Measures Super-vision receptors bility - Surface runoff passing the WWTP may affect the quality of Than canal - Social disturbance related to concentration of the works to the WWTP area - Environmental pollution due to waste and wastewater from Camps at the WWTP - Safety risks for the workers during the construction of WWTP discharge structure - Safety risks for community - Accident risks for the workers - Do not load materials and wastes within 50 m from Contractors PMU, CSC, when working on water, safety the river, tidy up the sites daily IEMC risks for the community - Place fence and warning sign along the pipes and at the outfall. - Minimize the volume of wastes and materials Than canal (to temporary loaded at the site receive - Load materials and wastes tidily, remove the wastewater) wastes from construction sites on daily basis - Include rules about not swimming in the canal if do not have the skills and notice to workers. - Take a drowning warning sign at the construction site. 5.1.6.8 Site- Specific Mitigation Measures along the Resettlement Sites 207 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..96. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along the Resettlement Sites Site-specific Impacts/Risks Responsi- Super- Location Picture Site-specific Mitigation Measures bility vision - Disrupt accessibility to agricultural Contractors PMU, CSC, land surrounding the resettlement site IEMC - Inform community at least two weeks - Construction materials and wastes before construction commencement; may overflow onto the surrounding - Place warning and speed limit signs, and agricultural land causing damages to reflective fences along the areas passing crop trees, affecting productivity Resettlement the residential cluster; provided adequate - Surface runoff on elevated ground at site 1: Thong lighting at night tthe resettlement site may disturb Nhat hamlet - - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks existing drainage pattern and cause Ninh Hai when passing residential areas more serious localized flooding commune, 1.5 - Prevent materials from falling into - Increased safety risks to the Public ha irrigation ditch. Clean up if it is filled up - Increased level of dust on access road by construction materials/wastes - Disturbance on daily activities of - Clean up materials dropped on local road households due to dust, noise, - Maintain drainage channels within and excavation, movement of trucks etc. surrounding the resettlement site - Increased traffic safety risks on the access road Resettlement - Disrupt accessibility to agricultural - Inform community at least two weeks Contractors PMU, CSC, site 2: Ron land surrounding the resettlement site before construction commencement; IEMC field- Hai Hoa - Construction materials and wastes - Place warning and speed limit signs, and 0.5 ha may overflow onto the surrounding reflective fences along the areas passing agricultural land causing damages to the residential cluster; provided adequate crop trees, affecting productivity lighting at night - Surface runoff on elevated ground at - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks the resettlement site may disturb when passing residential areas existing drainage pattern and cause - Prevent materials from falling into more serious localized flooding irrigation ditch. Clean up if it is filled up - Increased safety risks to the Public by construction materials/wastes - Increased level of dust and noise - Clean up materials dropped on local road - Disturbance on daily activities of daily households due to dust, noise, - Maintain drainage channels within and excavation, movement of trucks etc. surrounding the resettlement site 208 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Site-specific Impacts/Risks Responsi- Super- Location Picture Site-specific Mitigation Measures bility vision - Disrupt accessibility to agricultural - Inform community at least two weeks Contractors PMU, CSC, land surrounding the resettlement site before construction commencement; IEMC - Construction materials and wastes - Place warning and speed limit signs, and may overflow onto the surrounding reflective fences along the areas passing agricultural land causing damages to the residential cluster; provided adequate crop trees, affecting productivity lighting at night Resettlement - Surface runoff on elevated ground at - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks site 3: Cao the resettlement site may disturb when passing residential areas Thang 3 - existing drainage pattern and cause - Prevent materials from falling into Nguyen Binh more serious localized flooding irrigation ditch. Clean up if it is filled up 0.5 ha - Increased safety risks to the Public by construction materials/wastes - Increased level of dust, particularly on - Clean up materials dropped on local road the access road - Maintain drainage channels within and - Disturbance on daily activities of surrounding the resettlement site households due to dust, noise, excavation, movement of trucks etc. - - Disrupt accessibility to agricultural - Inform community at least two weeks Contractors PMU, CSC, land surrounding the resettlement site before construction commencement; IEMC - Construction materials and wastes - Place warning and speed limit signs, and may overflow onto the surrounding reflective fences along the areas passing agricultural land causing damages to the residential cluster; provided adequate crop trees, affecting productivity lighting at night Resettlement - Surface runoff on elevated ground at - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks site 4: Ray the resettlement site may disturb when passing residential areas Kenh - Binh existing drainage pattern and cause - Prevent materials from falling into Minh 1.5 ha more serious localized flooding irrigation ditch. Clean up if it is filled up - Increased safety risks to the Public by construction materials/wastes - Increased level of dust, particularly on - Clean up materials dropped on local road the access road - Maintain drainage channels within and - Disturbance on daily activities of surrounding the resettlement site households due to dust, noise, excavation, movement of trucks etc. 209 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Site-specific Impacts/Risks Responsi- Super- Location Picture Site-specific Mitigation Measures bility vision - Disrupt accessibility to agricultural - Inform community at least two weeks Contractors PMU, CSC, land surrounding the resettlement site before construction commencement; IEMC - Construction materials and wastes - Place warning and speed limit signs, and may overflow onto the surrounding reflective fences along the areas passing agricultural land causing damages to the residential cluster; provided adequate Resettlement crop trees, affecting productivity lighting at night site 5: Van - Surface runoff on elevated ground at - Apply speed limit at 40 km/h to trucks Xuan 8 - Binh the resettlement site may disturb when passing residential areas Minh 0.5 ha. existing drainage pattern and cause - Prevent materials from falling into more serious localized flooding irrigation ditch. Clean up if it is filled up - Increased safety risks to the Public by construction materials/wastes - Disturbance on daily activities of - Clean up materials dropped on local road households due to dust, noise, daily excavation, movement of trucks etc. 5.1.6.9 Disposal Sites Table Error! No text of specified style in document..97. Site-specific Mitigation Measures at the Disposal Sites Site-specific Impacts/Risks Responsi- Super- Location Picture Site-specific Mitigation Measures bility vision - Disturbance on daily activities of - Inform local authorities at least two weeks Contractors PMU, CSC, Xuan Lam CPC office due to dust, before disposal IEMC noise, movement of trucks etc. - Place warning signs at the intersection with 1. The - Increased safety and traffic safety at NH1A disposal site is the inter-section with NH1A, - Place sign to limit speed and ban the use of located in particularly during peak hours horn within 50 m from the CPC office Xuan Lam - The filled up pond at the disposal site - Install fence at the dispoal site on the side commune, may lead to localized flooding to the infront of CPC office to minimize noise and Tinh Gia surrounding areas if drainage is dust district inadequate - Built/maintain drainage ditches around the disposal site to prevent localised flooding - Level the ground at the disposal area 210 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Site-specific Impacts/Risks Responsi- Super- Location Picture Site-specific Mitigation Measures bility vision regularly to reduce dust spreading - Surface runoff on elevated ground at - Drainage ditch shall be created/maintained Contractors PMU, CSC, 2. The the disposal site may disturb existing around the disposal site to prevent localised IEMC disposal site is drainage pattern and cause localized flooding located in flooding - Level the ground at the disposal site Tuong Son regularly to reduce dust spreading commune, Tinh Gia district - Inform local authorities at least two weeks Contractors PMU, CSC, before disposal IEMC - Place sign to limit speed at 20 km/h - Schedule to avoid trucks to enter the area 3. The - The filled up pond at the disposal site after 10 pm disposal site is may lead to localized flooding to the - Drainage ditch shall be built/maintained located in Mai surrounding areas if drainage is around the disposal site and connected the Lam inadequate current drainage in the area to control commune, - Disturbance on daily activities of surface runoff to minimize the risk of local Tinh Gia households due to dust, noise flooding to surrounding areas district movement of trucks - Level the ground at the disposal site regularly to reduce dust spreading from disposed materials 211 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Site-specific Impacts/Risks Responsi- Super- Location Picture Site-specific Mitigation Measures bility vision - Disposal Sites For Dredged Material from Than and Cau Trang canals: - Risk of filling up, flooding, or even - Inform local authorities at least two weeks Contractors PMU, CSC, damages crops and vegetation (due to before disposal IEMC 5%o salinity of the dredged materials) - Before the commencement of the disposal in existing agricultural land near by operation, 30 cm of top soil must be the disposal site if water leaked from removed and reserved for use at the end of dredged materials overflow the the disposal operation as cover material for temporary disposal pond and run into the rehabilitation of the disposal site. agricultural land. - Install retaining wall and/or interception - Surface runoff on elevated ground at ditch or settling ponds to allowsurface runoff the disposal site may disturb existing be retained and settled before discharge into drainage pattern and cause more the receiving water serious localized flooding - Install pipes or create ditches to lead (1) The surfacewater and water leaked from disposal disposal site site to run back into the canal to avoid the near the negative impacts on the surrounding salinity agricultural land. control sluice - Level the materials after being disposed off (Ben Ngao - Slopes of the dumps will not be steeper than sluice) 45o - Build/create the walls to protect slopes - To ensure the stability of the spoil disposal site, the mortar rubble masonry pavement and grouted rubble toe protection shall be adopted to prevent erosion and maintain stability. - A drainage ditch shall be built around the disposal site to control surface runoff; - The construction of disposal sites and transportation of spoils at night is strictly prohibited near residential areas. The sites shall be watered for dust suppression during 212 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Site-specific Impacts/Risks Responsi- Super- Location Picture Site-specific Mitigation Measures bility vision their operation; - Disposal sites close to patches of agricultural land will be limited in size to avoid damages to crops; - Inform local authorities at least two weeks Contractors PMU, CSC, before disposal. IEMC - Isolate dredged materials from the surrounding by impermeable materials such plastic sheets and lead the leak water run back to the river. - Before the commencement of the disposal - Risk of filling up, flooding, or even operation, 30 cm of natural soil from the damages crops and vegetation (due to surface shall be first removed and stored at 5%o salinity of the dredged materials) the site. This material will be reserved and in agricultural land due to dredged used at the end of the disposal operation as materials and/or wastewater leaked cover material for the rehabilitation of the (2) The from dredged materials disposal site disposal site. disposal site, - Public nuisance due to odour, - Install retaining wall and/or interception 100m from Do wastewater leakage and dredged ditch or settling ponds to allowsurface runoff Be bridge materials odor from dredged material. be retained and settled before discharge into - Surface runoff on elevated ground at the receiving water the disposal site may disturb existing - Level the materials after being disposed off drainage pattern and cause more - Slopes of the dumps will not be steeper than serious localized flooding 45o - Build/create the walls to protect slopes - A drainage ditch shall be built around the disposal site to control surface runoff; - Disposal sites close to patches of agricultural land will be limited in size to avoid damages to crops. 213 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Site-specific Impacts/Risks Responsi- Super- Location Picture Site-specific Mitigation Measures bility vision - For Domestic solid waste and hazardous wastes: - To contract with the functional unit to Contractors PMU, CSC, collect, transport and dispose of the wastes at IEMC the Landfill; - The risk of erosion and subsidence - To add the terms of mitigation measures Domestic due to non-compliance with the height applicable in the contract for the service unit, solid waste / regulation (2-3m) for example: sludge - Drainage of waste dumps with a - To pursuant to compliance with the height design area of 1-2 ha regulation (about 2-3m) - Design the drainage of waste disposal properly for a 1-2 ha designed disposal area. 214 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 5.1.7 Measures to be Implemented in Operation Phase As discussed in Chapter 3, number of potential impacts that risks that may happen in operation phase has been considered during project preparation phase. Therefore, the Project Proposals already includes the measures to address some potential impacts and risks during operation phase, together with environmental friendly solutions and greening opportunity. The costs associated with the mitigation measures, as far as possible, has been included in the total Project cost estimation. Meanwhile, some of the mitigation measures will be detailed in detailed engineering design and construction drawings. The Sections below only discussed about the measures to be implemented during operation phase of the WWTP to address the potential impacts and risks associated with the WWTP operations. Wastes Management: The sludge generated from the wastewater treatment plant is be classified as biological sludge (biosolids). When the wastewater treatment plant is operated at capacity of 500 m3/day. As biological treatment technology is applied, sludge will be generated only every several years. Nghi Son Environment., JSC will transport this volume of sludge to the Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous waste in Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district for treatment. Municipal waste generated by the workers and the waste collected from the grit chamber at the intake will be stored in 2 containers with capacity of 100 - 150 liters each and transported to the Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous waste in Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district for treatment. The WWTP Operator will register the source of hazardous waste with DONRE as required by MONRE Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30 June 2015. Hazardous waste will be contained in the barrels/contained house and labeled in accordance with current regulations. Packaging materials of the chemical will be returned to the supplier. All hazardous waste will be transported to and disposed of at the Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous waste in Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district by licensed dealers. Measures to Control Chemicals-Related Risks Chlorine used for wastewater disinfection will be transported to the wastewater treatment plant in specialized means provided by the supplier. Chlorine will be stored at the minimum volume in the store within the WWTP, suitable with the production plan. The procedures for storage and usage of the chemicals will be as instructed by the manufacturer. The operators of the wastewater treatment plant will be trained on occupational health, safety and environment before started working. When being in contact with chemical, the workers will be required to wear the personal safety instruments such as mask, glass, gloves. First aid kits must be provided at the WWTP office, regularly checked and refilled. Measures to Minimise System Failure Risks The Workers shall be required to strictly follow the Operational and Maintenance Procedure of the WWTP. A standby generator for the wastewater treatment plant will be included at the WWTP for use in case of electric cut-off. Regularly monitor of the treatment system. Use standby equipment or spare parts in case of system failure, if and when possible. 215 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 5.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FIR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION 5.2.1 Institutional Arrangements - Contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures. These measures will be included in bidding documents and their costs are included in construction bid packages; - CSC will be responsible for monitoring the day-to-day implementation of mitigation measures. Related costsare included in the CSC's service contract; - IEMC will be responsible for overall environmental monitoring which includes support to the PMU in implementing environmentalsupervision and monitoring, and responsible for reporting on the implementation through monitoring reports. WB PMU DONRE City Sub- DONRE PMU’s Environmental Staff(s) anđ Social Staff(s) CSC Contractor Communities IEMC Figure Error! No text of specified style in document..24: Organization diagram for ESMP Implementation 5.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities Specific responsibility of stakeholders is shown in Table 5.12 below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..98. Annotation on Roles and Responsibilities Stakeholder Responsibilities PPC Overall responsible for environmental safeguard compliance of the Project Be responsible for monitoring the overall subproject implementation, including environmental compliance. PMU will be responsibile for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the subproject during the construction and operational phases: PMU (xiii) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during subproject implementation; (xiv) Ensure that the detailed design include all environment mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP; 216 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Stakeholder Responsibilities (xv) monitor and supervise to ensure adequate contents of ESMP are incorporated into bidding and contractual documents; (xvi) ensure that an environmental management system is set up and functions properly; (xvii) Repor on ESMP implementation to DONRE and the WB. PMU will assign Environmental Staff(s) (ES) to oversee and coordinate environmental aspects of the subproject. Beresponsible for monitoring the implementation of the subproject ESMP. Specifically, ES will be responsible for: (xviii) Monitor the incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents; (xix) Monitor the incorporation of ESMP and RAP monitoring and PMU supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents for the Environmental Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and other safeguard and Social consultant (IEMC); Staff(s) (ES) (xx) provide inputs to the consultant selection process; (xxi) review reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants; (xxii) conducting periodic site checks; (xxiii) propose solutions to handle social and resettlement issues of the subproject; and (xxiv) prepare environmental and social performance section on the progress and review reports to be submitted to the DONRE and the World Bank. - Assign Enviromental, Social Health and Safety (EHS) staff to monitor contractor’s compliance to ESIA/ESMP. - Prepare Contractor ESMP (CESMP) for each construction site area, submit to PMU and CSC for review and approval before commencement of construction. - Obtain all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current regulations. - Implement the mitigation measures specified in the ESMP, CESMP, bidding Contractor documents etc. - Actively communicate with local residents and authorities and take actions to address their ESHS concernsduring construction. - Ensure that all staff and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program. - Report to the PMU and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions. - Report to PMU and CSC if environmental accidents occur and coordinate with agencies and keys stakeholders to resolve these issues. - Assign qualified Environmental and Social Staff(s) to supervise the implementation of ESMP and ensure compliance - Be responsible for routine environmental supervision and reporting during construction phase. Construction - Assist the PMU in reporting and maintaining close coordination with the local Supervision community. Consultant - Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, (CSC) CSC team and PMU staff. The cost for this training included in the consulting service contract. - Carry out the periodical environmental quality monitoring during construction period and first-year-operation, prepare periodical environmental monitoring and supervision reports for submission to Vietnamese authorities. 217 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Stakeholder Responsibilities - Provide support to PMU to establish and operate an environmental Independent management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Envionmental Contractors on project environmental management requirements Monitoring - Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant agencies Consultants during subproject implementation, carry out random field visits to certify (IEMC) compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions. - Prepare monitoring reports after each visit. Local - Participate in volunteer community environmental and social monitoring. community DONRE Monitoring compliance with the Government environmental requirements. 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE FRAMEWORK 5.3.1 Environmental Duties of the Tinh Gia PMU/Detail Design Consultants During the preparation of TORs for consulting services and construction bidding documents, the Tinh Gia PMU will also work closely with the consultants to ensure that: i) contract packaging and cost estimations includes ESMP implementation, including the services on independent safeguard monitoring, environmental sampling/monitoring and compliance supervision, reporting etc.; ii) ECOPs and relevant common as well as site-specific mitigation measures are incorporated into the bidding documents; iii) environmental supervision and training are included in the scope of works assigned to the construction supervision consultant. At feasibility study/detail engineering design stage, the Tinh Gia PMU shall work closely with the feasibility study consultants and detail design engineers to ensure that the greening/landscaping, environmental friendly solutions and relevant mitigation measures proposed in the ESIA/ESMP are considered and incorporated into the engineering design as appropriate. During construction phase, the Tinh Gia PMU shall work closely with the supervision consultant to monitor the compliance of contractors and report to relevant authorities. The Tinh Gia PMU will also direct the supervision consultant and contractors on the actions to be undertaken in case when issues are arisen, incidents or accidents etc. The Tinh Gia PMU will assign at least one staff with suitable qualifications to be Environmental Officer (EO) throughout project implementation. The EO will oversee environmental issues and monitor safeguard compliance of the subproject. The EO will be supported by the Independent Monitorign Consultant, the Environmetnal Officers of the construction supervision team as well as the contractors. 5.3.2 Environmental Duties of the Contractor The contractor firstly shall adhere to minimize the impact that may be result of the project construction activities and secondly, apply the mitigation measures under ESMP to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities and environment caused by the impacts in construction and operation phases. Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be implemented upon completion of the works (and before issuance of the Works Acceptance Certificates). The Contractors’ duties include but not limit to: 218 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Comply with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety; - Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions; - Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Supervisors (ES) of the CSC; - Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Officer (EO) of the PMU and the ES; - In case of non-compliances/ discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental impacts; - Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts, upon receiving instructions from the EO and the ES. Propose and implement corrective actions and carry out alternative construction methods, if required, to minimize the environmental impacts; Non-compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non- compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the EO and the ES. - In case the contractor proposes to use source of raw materials that have not been covered in subproject ESIA, the contractor will report to the CSCs and PMUs and coordinate with them in carrying out due –diligence environmental review of these materials sources to assess their compliance to national environmental requirements. Only complied sources can be used under DCIDP. - The contractor shall be responsible for implementation of corrective measures at his costs. The contractor shall also be responsible for paying the costs of damages caused by non- compliance to ESMO and/or applicable environmental regulations. 5.3.3 Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) After contract signing, the contractor will be required to prepare and submit a contractor’s site- specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) for each contract package and submit to the CSC and PMU for review and clearance. The objective of the Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) is to provide information for environmental management during the proposed works/activities on site of Tinh Gia subproject. This is to ensure that the Contractor (and any subcontractors) have minimal impact on the environment. The CESMP will detail how the contractor will mitigate construction impacts and documents the contractor’s response to inspecting, monitoring, verifying, internal auditing and correcting or improving environmental performance. The CESMP must be site-specific and should include details of control measures that will be implemented on site to minimize any potential environmental impacts from the proposed works/activities. If the proposed works/activities contained within the CESMP are altered during the Contract, the CESMP will be required to be modified by the Contractor to reflect these changes or modifications. The contents of the CESMP should include the followings: (i) A statement of policy, providing a definition of the Contractor’s environmental policy and an indication of commitment to the execution of its Site Environmental Management Plan. (ii) A brief document description; Date of issue; Revision status; Distribution list; and preparation personnel details and signoff. (iii) Applicable laws and regulations associated with the requirements in the subproject ESMP. 219 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province (iv) Identification of the contractor licenses, permits and approval associated with the CESMP. (v) Details on how the environmental impacts identified in the subproject ESIA will be managed on site, including: 1) the site-specific measures to mitigate impacts during construction; 2) ECOPs; 3) the Contractor ESMP to be developed after the contractor is selected and before construction starts; and 4) the Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan that the contractor is required to develop. (vi) Contractor’s plan to carry out self-monitoring of implementation of the CESMP. (vii) Detailed environmental training that all site contractor personnel (including subcontractors) are required to undertake. As a minimum all contractor personnel working at the subproject sites must: i) be familiar and understand the CESMP for the works; ii) be aware of their environmental responsibilities and legal obligations on site; and iii) undertake health and safety and emergency response training. (viii) Specific capabilities, support mechanisms and resources necessary to satisfactorily implement the CESMP. Detailed environmental responsibilities of all contractor personnel including subcontractors working on site with appropriate knowledge, skills and training for specific tasks shall be identified. (ix) The contractor shall be responsible for preparing monthly environmental reports, as a section within the Progress report required in the bidding document, including accidental report if any, for submitting to the subproject owner. The contents of these reports may include following details: - Implementation of the Contractor’s CESMP complying with the agreed program; - Any difficulties encountered in the implementation of the CESMP and recommendations for remedying them for the future; - The number and type of non-compliances and proposed corrective actions; - Reports from the Subcontractors involved in the implementation of the CESMP, including minutes of meetings and discussions held by the Contractor; - Minutes of meeting from discussions held with the subproject owner regarding implementation of the CESMP. 5.3.4 Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO) The contractor shall be required to appoint competent staff(s)as the Contractor’s on-site safety, social and environment officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and must possess the skills necessary to transfer environmental management knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor's compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not be limited to the following: - Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented; - Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements; - Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; - Prepare audit reports for the site environmental conditions; - Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures; 220 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures; - Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non- compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the ES of PMU and CSC - Inform the contractor and ES (of PMU and CSC) of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ES of PMU and CSC, and relevant authorities, if required; - Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment. 5.3.5 Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) An IEMC shall be contracted PMU to provide some environmental safeguard training for PMU staff and carry out environmental auditing. The IEMC shall carry out the monitoring, including: - Provide support to PMU to establish and operate an environmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Contractors on project environmental management requirements - Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant agencies during subproject implementation, carry out random field visits to certify compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions - Provide training for PMU and the CSC, and the representatives of the Contractors on socio-environmental, health and safety issues related to construction; - Evaluate environmental quality at the areas affected by the construction activities (including site observations, reviewing environmental quality data provided by the CSC, review of other available documents, and supplement sampling if necessary); - Review contractor’s environmental compliance including the implementation of mitigation measures and documentation; - Review PMU and CSC compliance to ESMP. - The IEMC will also provide technical advice and assistance to the PMU and the EO in environmental matters. 5.3.6 Environmental Supervision during Construction During construction phase, a team of qualified Environmental Supervisors (ES) as part of the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) shall carry out the environmental supervision as part of construction supervision. The CSC and ES will be mobilised before the commencement of any construction ativities. The CSC and ES are responsible for inspecting and supervising all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the subproject are minimized. Specifically, ES of the CSC will: - Review and assess on behalf of the PMU whether the construction design meets the requirements of the mitigation and management measures of the ESMP, - Review and clear contractor’s SEMP; - Coordinate with PMU Environmental Officer (EO) in reviewing environmental compliance at newly proposed borrow pits and quarries and advise PMU on whether these are eligible for use by the Project; - Verify and confirm with PMU environmental supervision procedures; parameters, monitoring locations, equipment and results; 221 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Supervise contractor’s implementation of its CESMP including their performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions; - Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU staff; - Implement the environmental quality sampling and prepare periodical environmental monitoring reports, including reports on ESMP implementation status to the PPMU and prepare environmental supervision statement during the construction phase; and - Review payment requests related to environmental mitigation costs if applicable 5.3.7 Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements The constructions activities shall comply not only with general contractual condition on environmental protection and pollution control requirements in the bidding document, the subproject ESMP, and the CESMP, but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. All the works method statements submitted by the Contractor to the CSC and PMU for approval to see whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included. The CSC and PMU shall also review the progress and program of the works to check that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented. The Contractor shall copy relevant documents to the SEO and the ES of CSC and PMU. The document shall at least include the updated work progress report, the updated work measure, and the application letters for different license/permits under the environmental protection laws, and all the valid license/permit. The SEO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Book. After reviewing the documents, the SEO or the ES shall advise the PMU and the contractor of any non-compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the SEO or the ES concludes that the status on license/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may not comply with the work measure or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall advise the Contractor and the PMU accordingly. 5.3.8 Penalty System In the compliance framework, if non-compliance with the Contractor’s ESMP and environmental regulations is discovered by CSC/PMU during the site supervision, 2% values of interim payment of the contractor of the month will be held back. The Contractor will be given a grace period (determined by CSC/PMU) to repair the violation. If the Contractor satisfactorily performs the repairs within the grace period (confirmed by CSC/PMU), no penalty is incurred and the upholding money will be paid to the contractor. However, if the Contractor fails to successfully make the necessary repairs within the grace period, the Contractor will pay the cost for a third party to repair the damages (deduction from the retained amount). In case of IEMC/CSC/PMU not detected of non-compliance with environmental regulations of the contractor, they will be responsibility payment to repair the violation. 5.3.9 Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements The Project Management Unit (PMU) is responsible for conducting internal monitoring the 222 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province implementation of the RP. In addition, the PMU will hire an external monitoring agency (EMA) to undertake independent monitoring of the process of RP implementation and to assess living standard of the affected people during and after the completion of the resettlement. Both internal and external (independent) monitoring will regularly (on a monthly basis for internal and biannual basis for independent monitoring). An end-of-project evaluation on the implementation of resettlement is required and report will be prepared to confirm whether the objectives of OP 4.12 were achieved. ESMP monitoring and reporting requirements are summarized in table 5.13. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..99. Regular Reporting Requirements No. Report Prepared by Submitted to Frequency of Reporting 1 Contractor to the PMU Once before construction commences and Employer monthly thereafter 2 Construction Supervision PMU Weekly and monthly consultant (CSC) 4 Community PMU After each periodical monitoring 5 IEMC PMU Every six-month 6 PMU DONRE Every six-month 7 PMU WB Every six-month 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 5.4.1 Scope of Environmental Monitoring in Construction Phase The environmental monitoring and supervision for construction phase for the entire project is presented in the below table. Sampling locations are described in the Annex 4 and the number of samples are made in accordance with progress of each work. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..100. Environmental Monitoring Program - Construction Phase No Monitored items Construction phase I Monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration 1. Monitoring TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, Noise (Leq), vibration parameters Measurements taken every three-months, the first monitoring at 2. Monitoring each work item will be within one month since construction frequency commencement QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 3. Applied Regulation 26:2010/BTNMT; QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT 223 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province No Monitored items Construction phase 20 samples, of which: (1) Coastal road: 4 samples (2) Binh Minh to Sao Vang road: 2 samples (3) Do Be bridge and approach roads: 2 samples (4) Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach: 2 samples 4. Monitoring positions (5) Than Canal: 2 samples (6) Cau Trang Canal: 2 samples (7) WWTP, sewers, PSs: 4 samples (8) Resettlement sites: 2 samples (Sampling locations are presented in Annex 4) II Surface Water Quality Monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, DO, Salinity, COD, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P- parameters PO43-, oil & grease, Coliform, Cl-, Fe, TSS Measurements taken every three-months, start as early as 2. Monitoring frequency possible after contract signing and continue during the entire construction phase 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT 10 samples, of which: (1) Coastal road: 3 samples on Than canal (01 sample at Son Hai bridge and 02 samples at inter-section with Than canal). 4. Monitoring Locations (3) Do Be bridge: 2 samples on Than canal (5) Than Canal: 3 samples – (7) WWTP: 2 samples on Than canal (Sampling locations are presented in Annex 4) III Wastewater quality monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, N-NH4, N-NO3, P-PO4, oil & grease, parameters Coliforms Measurements taken every three-months start as early as 2.Monitoring frequency possible after contract signing and continue during the entire construction phase 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT 10 samples, of which: 01 sample per item from No.2 to No.8 and 03 samples on the coastal road. Remark: wastewater after 4. monitoring Locations treatment from worker's camps (if any) (Sampling locations are presented in Annex 4) IV Sediments on Than and Cau Trang canals 1. Monitoring Salinity parameters Measurements taken every three-months start as early as 2. Monitoring possible after contract signing and continue during the entire frequency construction phase 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT; QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT 6 samples, of which: 03 samples on Than canal and 03 samples 4. Monitoring positions on Cau Trang canal. (Sampling locations are presented in Annex 4) 5.4.2 Scope of Environmental Monitoring in Operation phase 224 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province The environmental monitoring and supervision for operation phase for WWTP is presented in the below table. Sampling locations are described in the Annex 4 and the number of samples are made in accordance with progress of each work. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..101. Environmental monitoring Program operation phase No Monitored items WWTP operation I Monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration 1. Monitoring Odor, TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, H2S, CH4, Noise (Leq) parameters 2. Monitoring Measurements taken every three-months frequency QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 3. Applied Regulation 26:2010/BTNMT 4 samples: 2 samples in the factory of WWTP; 2 samples in the nearest residential area toward the end of the main wind 4. Monitoring positions direction (Sampling locations are presented in Appendix 4) II Surface Water Quality Monitoring (at the receiving source: Than canal) 1.Monitoring pH, DO, Salinity, COD, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P- parameters PO43-, oil & grease, Coliform, Cl-, Fe, TSS 2. Monitoring frequency Measurements taken every three-months 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column B1 3 samples: 01 sample at the discharge point, 01 sample - 100m from the upstream; 01 sample - 50 - 100 m from the 4. Monitoring positions downstream) (Sampling locations are presented in Appendix 4) III Wastewater quality monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, BOD5, COD, H2S, N-NH4, N-NO3, P-PO4, oil & grease, parameters Coliforms, TSS 2.Monitoring frequency Measurements taken every three-months 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, column B 2 samples: 01 sample before treatment and 01 sample after 4. Position monitoring treatment (Sampling locations are presented in Appendix 4) 5.5 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING 5.5.1 Current PMU’s Capacity on Environmental Management The project will be managed by Project Management Unit for Nghi Son EZ and Thanh Hoa Industrial Zone (PMU) on behalf of Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee. The Project Management Unit have experience in environmental safeguard management. Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee have managed number of development projects financed by ADB and the World Bank namely Thanh Hoa Inclusive Development Project (ADB) and Thanh Hoa Domestic Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Project (World 225 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Bank). The province has good understandings about donnor’s safeguard management requirements; However, currently PMU staffs have limited knowledge on WB safeguard requirements as well as limited knowledge of environment and social issues. Such gaps will be addressed through capacity building program as part of the ESMP. 5.5.2 Safeguard Capacity Building Program The Table 5.15 below provides a typical training program on safeguard requirements . Training programs will be developed and implemented by IEMC team in coordination with the CSC Environmental Officer . - Trainee groups: the PMU staff, the ESO department staff, the field engineers (FE), construction supervision consultants (CSC), the contractors, representatives of relevant stakeholders and local communities in the project area. The contractors take the responsibility for training workers and drivers. - Training Schedule: Training will be given at least one month before performing the first construction contract. Subsequent training sessions can be modified to suit the construction schedule for project components. - Frequency of training: The basic training programs given in the table below will be provided every 6 months annually, and the contents will be updated and tailored to items to be implemented. Training programs for PMU staff are expected to continue in the first years of the Project. Three-day training for CSC and contractors is also planned to take place twice a year for at least 2 years. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..102. Advanced Environmental Training Program I. Subjects PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT Training course Environmental monitoring and reporting Participants Staff in charge of environmental issues; environmental managers Training frequency Immediately after the project becomes valid effective, but at least one month prior to the first bid package. The next training will be planned on demand. Duration One day Content Project-related general environmental management including the request from World Bank, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, in collaboration with competent authorities and concerned stakeholders; Environmental monitoring for the Subproject includes: - Requirements of environmental monitoring; - Monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures; - Guiding and monitoring contractors, CSC and community representatives in the implementation of environmental monitoring; - Forms used in environmental monitoring processes; - Reaction and risk control; - Manner of receiving and submit forms; - Other issues to be determined. Responsibility With the help of the Technical Assistance Team, the Independent environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) and PMU implement safety policies. II. Subjects CSC, CONTRACTORS, REPRESENTATIVESOF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (WARDS/COMMUNES), COMMUNITIES Training course Implementation of mitigation measures 226 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Participants CSC; construction engineers, site construction field manager. Staff in charge of environment issues, the contractor; representatives of local authorities; representatives of urban groups Training frequency Shortly after awarding contracts to the contractors with updates on demand Duration Two-day training for CSC and contractors, and one-day training for others Content - Overview of the overall environmental monitoring; - Requirements of environmental monitoring; - The roles and responsibility of the contractors and CSC; - The content and method of environmental monitoring; - Reaction and risk control; - Introducing monitoring forms and instructing on filling out forms and reporting incidents; - Other issues to be determined - Preparing and submitting reports Responsibility With the help of technical assistance teams, PMU, the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) implement safety policies. III. Subjects COMMUNITIES/ WORKERS Training course Safety and environmental sanitation Participants Representatives of workers (team leaders) working directly for the project components Training frequency As appropriate Duration One day of presentation and one day of on-site presentation Content - Brief presentation on safety issues and overview on the environment; - Key issues requiring the attention of the community and construction workers to mitigating safety risks (land roads, waterways, equipment, machinery, etc.) as well as reducing pollution (dust, exhaust gases, oil spills, waste management, etc.); - Management of safety and environmental sanitation on site and at workers’ camps; - Mitigation measures applied on site and camps; - Safety measures for electricity, mechanical engineering, transportation, air pollution; - Methods of dealing with emergency situations; - The rights and responsibilities of environmental monitoring - Environmental monitoring, environmental monitoring form - Measures to mitigate the social impact and monitoring implementation - Other issues to be determined Responsibility Contractors, PMU with the assistance of IEMC 5.6 ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION 5.6.1 Estimated Costs for Each Work of Environmental Protection Measures Table Error! No text of specified style in document..103.Costs for Environmental Protection Measures NO. Works Costs (estimated) VNĐ USD 1 Renting areas for dumping mud/dredged material Included in Contract package value 227 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Prevention and control of fire and explosion (fire Included in extinguishers, fire hoses, emergency lights) Contract package 2 value Watering and sprinkling Included in Contract package 3 value 4 Trash bins for each construction site/worker camp 30,000,000 2,240 5 Portable toilet for each construction site/worker camp 60,000,000 2,688 6 Planting trees at the roads and canals Included in Contract package value 13,441 7 Demining for all works 4,161,000,000 35,842 8 Tarpaulin for temporary disposal cells along Than and 375,000,000 16,667 Cau Trang canal: 80,000 m2 x 3,000 VND/m2 and the final disposal site, 100m from Do Be bridge 5.6.2 Estimated Costs for Environmental Monitoring Program According to the unit price of environmental monitoring in the locality, the estimated cost for environmental quality monitoring of the project is stated in the table below: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..104. Estimated Cost for Samples and Analysis Price Sub-Total N Quantit Works Unit (VND) (1 USD = 22,500 VNĐ) o y VND VND USD I Construction phase 1 Coastal road a Air, noise sample 48 2,000,000 96,000,000 4.266.67 b Surface Water sample 36 2,500,000 90,000,000 4,000 c Wastewater sample 36 2,000,000 72,000,000 3,200 d Soil/sediments sample - 1,000,000 - - 2 Binh Minh to Sao Vang road a Air, noise sample 10 2,000,000 20,000,000 888,88 b Surface Water sample - 2,500,000 - - c Wastewater sample 5 2,000,000 10,000,000 444,44 d Soil/sediments sample - 1,000,000 - - Do Be bridge and approach 3 roads a Air, noise sample 6 2,000,000 12,000,000 533,33 b Surface Water sample 6 2,500,000 15,000,000 666,67 c Wastewater sample 3 2,000,000 6,000,000 266,67 d Soil/sediments sample - 1,000,000 - - Road from NH1A to Ninh Hai 4 beach a Air, noise sample 10 2,000,000 20,000,000 888,88 b Surface Water sample - 2,500,000 - - c Wastewater sample 5 2,000,000 10,000,000 444,44 d Soil/sediments sample - 1,000,000 - - 5 Than canal 228 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Price Sub-Total N Quantit Works Unit (VND) (1 USD = 22,500 VNĐ) o y VND VND USD a Air, noise sample 16 2,000,000 32,000,000 1,422.2 b Surface Water sample 24 2,500,000 60,000,000 2,666.67 c Wastewater sample 8 2,000,000 16,000,000 711.11 d Soil/sediments sample 24 1,000,000 24,000,000 1,066.67 6 Cau Trang Canal a Air, noise sample 16 2,000,000 32,000,000 1,422.2 b Surface Water sample - 2,500,000 - - c Wastewater sample 8 2,000,000 16,000,000 711.11 d Soil/sediments sample 24 1,000,000 24,000,000 1,066.67 7 WWTP, PSs, Sewers a Air, noise sample 16 2,000,000 32,000,000 1,422.2 b Surface Water sample 8 2,500,000 20,000,000 888.89 c Wastewater sample 4 2,000,000 8,000,000 355.55 d Soil/sediments sample - 1,000,000 - - 8 Resettlement site a Air, noise sample 4 2,000,000 8,000,000 355.55 b Surface Water sample - 2,500,000 - - c Wastewater sample 2 2,000,000 4,000,000 177.78 d Soil/sediments sample - 1,000,000 - - 9 Preparing report Report a Phase 1 Report 8 5,000,000 40,000,000 1,777.79 b Phase 2 Report 12 5,000,000 60,000,000 2,666.67 WWTP Operation II (1 first year) a Air, noise sample 16 2,000,000 16,000,000 1,422.22 b Surface Water sample 12 2,500,000 30,000,000 1,333.33 c Wastewater sample 8 2,000,000 16,000,000 711.11 Preparing report Report 4 5,000,000 20,000,000 888.89 825,000,000 36,666 5.6.3 Estimated cost for IEMC Estimated cost for IEMC is presented in the table 5.19: Table Error! No text of specified style in document..105. Estimated Costs of IEMC (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 22,500 VND) Unit price Sub-total Sub-total No Content Unit Amount (VND) (VND) (USD) 1 Experts ’salary person-month 30 30,000,000 900,000,000 40,000 Accommodation, expenses 2 person-day 150 600,000 90,000,000 4,000 for business trip 3 Travel expenses Trip/ person 50 5,000,000 250,000,000 11,111 4 Office and communication month 30 3,000,000 90,000,000 4,000 Total 1,330,000,000 59,111 5.6.4 Estimated Costs for Training Program Estimated cost for training program on environmental monitoring management capacity is presented in the table 5.20: 229 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..106. Estimated Costs for Training and Capacity Building (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 22,500 VND) Price Total Training Quantit content Trainee Unit y VND VND USD A. Capacity building programs on safeguard policies (trained by IEMC) I. Environmental monitoring and reporting Staff in charge of PMU environmental issues; 20,000,000 889 environmental managers course 2 10,000,000 II. Implementation of mitigation measures Stage 1 (30% CSC; Construction 50,000,000 2,222 of total works) engineers, site manager course 5 10,000,000 Stage 2 (70% CSC; Construction 100,000,000 4,444 of total works) engineers, site manager course 10 10,000,000 III. Safety and environmental sanitation Stage 1 (30% Representatives of 15,000,000 667 of total works) workers course 3 5,000,000 Stage 2 (70% Representatives of 25,000,000 1,111 of total works) workers course 5 5,000,000 Sub-total (A) 210,000,000 9,333 B. HIV /Aids training (done by CSC) Stage 1 (30% Workers, CSC team and 60,000,000 2,667 of total works) PMU staff course 3 20,000,000 Stage 2 (70% Workers, CSC team and 140,000,000 6,222 of total works) PMU staff course 7 20,000,000 Sub-total (B) 200,000,000 8,889 Total: (A)+(B) 410,000,000 18,222 5.6.5 Total Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation The following table provides a cost estimate for the implementation of environmental management plan (ESMP). The cost of ESMP15 implementation will include (i) the costs of implementing mitigation measures by the contractor, (ii) expenses supervised by CSC, (iii) cost of the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC), (iv) the costs of environmental quality monitoring, (v) the cost of safety management for the PMU, including both technical assistance in implementing safety policies and training programs. The costs of implementing mitigation measures during construction will be a part of the value of construction contracts, while the costs for a site-specific environmental monitoring plan (SEMP) by the construction supervision consultant (CSC) will be provided in construction supervision contracts. The costs of the PMU operations relating to EMP are allocated from the project management budget of the PMU, including safety training programs, and basic allowances to participants in the monitoring programs. After the project has been completed, the costs of environmental monitoring of constructed works will be taken from the operation and maintenance budget of the city. It should be noted that the involvement of the community in the process of ESMP implementation is completely voluntary participation for the benefit of own community and households. The following Table 5.21 provides the estimated costs for environmental quality monitoring and 15 Excluding costs for RP implementation and independent monitoring the performance of RP/EMP 230 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province IEMC (in accordance with national practices) for reference purposes. However, final costs will be updated in the detailed design phase. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..107. Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation Content Items of Tinh Gia sub-project (USD) (a) Mitigation during construction As a part of the contract (b) Monitoring safeguard compliance during As a part of the cost for Construction construction Supervision Consulting (CSC) (c) Running cost of PMU social and environmental As part of the costs for the PMU units (d) Environmental quality monitoring (done by 36,666 CSC) (e) Independent environmental monitoring 59,111 consulting (IEMC) (f) Safeguard Capacity building programs (done 9,333 by CSC) (g) HIV /Aids Training (done by CSC) 8,889 5.7 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) Within the Vietnamese legal framework, citizen rights to complain are protected. As part of overall implementation of the project, a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be developed by the ESU of the PMU, according procedures, responsible persons and contact information will be developed. It will be readily accessible to ensure that grievances shall be handled and resolved at the lowest level as quickly as possible. The mechanism will provide a framework within which complaints about environmental and safety issues can be handled, grievances can be addressed and disputes can be settled promptly. The GRM will be in place before construction commencement. During construction, the GRM will be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the project. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. The contractors should indicate contact for any complaints when the contractors announce construction schedule to local communities. All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in project safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows: - Verbally: direct to the CSC and/ or the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives at the site offices. - In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses. - By telephone, fax, e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives. Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The 231 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor’s safeguard staff, one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PMU within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint. Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of: - The date and time of the complaint. - The name, address and contact details of the complainant. - A short description of the complaint. - Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process. - The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process. - The final resolution of the complaint. - The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof. - The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained. Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date. The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/ or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when damages are claimed, the to-be-paid amount cannot be resolved, or damage causes are determined. Grievance Redress Mechanism for affected person who lose means of income/livelihoods, are Summarised in the Table 5.22 below. Table Error! No text of specified style in document..108. Grievance Redress Mechanism First Stage – PAP may submit their complaint – either in written or verbal, to the office Ward/Commune of the Ward/Commune People’s Committee. W/C PC will receive the People’s Committee complaints and will notify the W/C PC leaders of the complaint. The (WPC): Chairman of the W/C PC will meet the complainant in person and will solve it within 15 days following the receipt of the complaint. Second Stage – After 15 days since the submission of the complaints, if the aggrieved City/District People’s person does not have any response from the W/C PC, or if the aggrieved Committee (C/DPC): person is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may take the case, either in written or verbal, to the Reception Unit of City/District People’s Committee. The City/District People’s Committee will have 30 days since the date of receipt of the complaint to resolve the case. The City/District People’s Committee will register all the complaints submitted and will inform the District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition of the City/District PC’s resolution/assessment results. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish. Third Stage – After 30 days, if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the City/District Provincial People’s PC, or if the PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her Committee): complaint, the PAP may escalate the case, either in writing or verbal, provincial People’s Committee, or lodge an administrative case with the City/District People’s Court for resolution. The provincial PC will have 45 days to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all the concerned. The provincial PC secretariat is also responsible for registering all complaints that are submitted. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish Final Stage - Courts of After 45 days following the submission of the complaint at provincial PC, 232 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Law: if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the provincial PC, or if PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, PAP may take the case to a Courts of Law for adjudication. Decision by the court will be the final decision. Decision on solving the complaints must be sent to the aggrieved PAPs and concerned parties, and must be posted at the office of the People’s Committee where the complaint is solved. After 3 days, the decision/result on resolution must be made available at ward level and after 7 days at the district level. The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism: Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WB-financed project may submit complaints to the available project-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS will ensure that complaints received are promptly reviewed to address project- related concerns. The affected communities and individuals of the project may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel that will determine whether harms occurred, or can occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at anytime after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and the Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org. 233 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province CHAPTER 6 - PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1 OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS During the environmental impact assessment, public consultation and disclosure of information are conducted to ensure consensus of local authorities, local non-governmental organizations and local affected community in the project area. Community’s involvement is one of basic conditions to ensure local support and it also represents viewpoint of local authority and community on the project. By public consultation, some undefined advert impacts and mitigation measures can be identified and added in the report. In practice, it will be better for information exchange and update between project’s implementer and the community if there is public involvement from the project preparation. In that case, the project can get valuable idea contribution from local community. Public consultation is specifically required by the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies. The public consultation in preparation of the subproject ESIA also must comply with the requirements in the Government’s Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated 14 February 2015 on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan, and Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan. Additionally, the public consultation of the sub-project should be based on the Bank's safeguard policies (OP4.01). 6.1.1 Objectives of Public Consultation The ojbectives of Public Consultations are - To share all information on the items and tentative activities of the Subproject with local community and stakeholders; - To gather opinions/comments and concerns from local authorities and the community on local particularities and environmentally sensitive matters in the subproject area, especially matters that the environmental assessment impact group has not been aware of. On such basis, the concerns of the local community may be proposed for proper settlement during the selection of subproject design options; - To collect opinions/comments from the local community on the Subproject’s tasks in the preparation of the ESIA as well as comments on the draft ESIA to adequately and precisely assess environmental impacts and propose the most effective and feasible mitigation measures for negative environmental impacts. 6.1.2 Basic principle for public consultation - Following provisions in Clause 4, Article 12, Decree No.18/NĐ-CP dated 14/02/2015 promulgated by the Government on information disclosure and consultation with project affected community. - For projects classified as B category, public consultation should be conducted once after the first draft of ESIA is prepared. 234 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 6.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES Consultation on environmental issues is conducted after completion of the first draft of the ESIA. For Tinh Gia project, the consultation on environmental issues was conducted from 10 - 16/10/2017 in 8 project communes and townships. Additional consultations: After completing draft of the ESIA report, additional consultations in some areas where there can be specific impacts such as (2 residential areas cut by the coastal road, residential area of Tinh Gia township when dredging the polluted Cau Trang canal or the nearest residential area to the wastewater treatment plant) were conducted in November 2017 (from 17 November to 18 November). Main consultation content: - Presenting technical solution for work items in residential areas. - Summary on social and environmental impacts and propose mitigation measures - Discussion and contribution of ideas/comments on social and environmental impacts and mitigation measures - Project’s investment owner feedbacks. - Meeting conclusion Meeting members include: - Leaders of commune/township People’s Committees, Fatherland Front Committee. - Representatives of organizations, unions (Women’s Union, Youth Union, Elderly Association, Veterans Association, Farmer Union...). - Head of village/residential group under the project. - Representatives of affected households. - Representative of project’s investment owner 6.3 CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES Project’s investment owner had the written document (enclosed with summary report of the ESIA) to consult with commune/township People’s Committees and Fatherland Front about idea contribution into social and environmental impacts and mitigation measures for the project. People’s Committees of project communes/townships also commented, contributed ideas and made recommendations on the project’s environmental impacts and implementation of mitigation measures. 6.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULTS Public consultations were organized with participation of mentioned members including local authority, local mass organizations and affected people. In order to facilitate people in expressing their opinions and wishes, the consultations were openly organized using questionnaires on the situation and consequences of some previous natural disasters, from which participated organization and people could express their wishes and requirement. 235 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 6.4.1 Results of Consultation with Communities Table Error! No text of specified style in document..109. Results of Consultation with the Communities Responses Time and No Participants Comments from local community fromPMU and/ location consultants • Agreed to support the project because they understand the Tinh Gia District PC: 1 person project’s benefits from improved • Chairman/Vice Chairman of transportation, water supply, Commune PC. drainage and sanitation. • Thanked and • Mass organizations of • acknowledged Project should ensure reasonable commune (Fatherland Front comments of compensation and resettlement Committee, Women's Union the Ninh Hai for affected or displaced or Farmers' Association, communities commune households Cadastral Officers, Youth • and local Appropriate construction 1 8am – Union): 5 people authoritites measures must be taken to 10.30am on • Heads of village/residential minimize damage to public • This issue will 10/10/2017 clusters in project area: 2-5 property as well as to other public be considered people works (electricity, water supply, during the • Affected households: 20 etc.). ESIA process people. • Project should be implemented • Project owner: 1 - 2 people on schedule, successively, avoid • Consultant: 2 staffs prolonged construction which can affect people’s living conditions. • Tinh Gia District PC: 1 person • Chairman/Vice Chairman of • Agreed and supported the project Commune PC. because it will bring great benefits to people. • Thanked and • Commune Mass organizations (Fatherland Front Committee, • Planning and site clearance acknowledged should be implemented publicly comments of Hai Hoa Women's Union or Farmers' the Association, Cadastral and appropriately, ensuring commune transparency and fairness. communities Officers, Youth Union): 5 and local 2 2pm – Construction process should be people authoritites 4.30pm on • on schedule, not causing Heads of village/residential 10/10/2017 environmental pollution and • This issue will clusters in project area: 2-5 traffic safety risk. be considered people • Compensation for affected during the • Representatives from AH: 20 households should be reasonable. ESIA process people. • Project owner: 1 - 2 people • Consultant: 2 staffs • Tinh Gia District PC: 1 person • Agreed with the project’s policy • Thanked and • Chairman/Vice Chairman of • Compensation for affected acknowledged Binh Minh Commune PC. households should be reasonable. comments of commune • Mass organizations of • Construction should be informed the 3 8am – commune (Fatherland Front to local people prior to communities 10.30am on Committee, Women's Union commencement. and local 11/10/2017 or Farmers' Association, • Appropriate construction authoritites Cadastral Officers, Youth methods should be applied to • This issue will Union): 5 people prevent damage to people’s be considered 236 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Responses Time and No Participants Comments from local community fromPMU and/ location consultants • Heads of village/residential assets and public works during the clusters in project area: 2-5 (electricity system, water ESIA process people system…) • Representatives from Affected households: 20 people. • project owner: 1 - 2 people • Consultant: 2 people • Tinh Gia District PC: 1 person • Agreed and supported the project • Chairman/Vice Chairman of because the project will bring Commune PC. many benefits to the people • Thanked and • Mass organizations of commune (Fatherland Front • Appropriate construction acknowledged methods should be applied to comments of Nguyen Committee, Women's Union the or Farmers' Association, ensure safety for neighboring Binh structures and labor safety communities Cadastral Officers, Youth and local 4 2pm-4.30pm because construction works are Union): 5 people authoritites on located in densely populated • Heads of village/residential 12/10/2017 clusters in project area: 2-5 areas. • This issue will people • Project should ensure reasonable be considered compensation and resettlement during the • Affected households: 20 for affected households or ESIA process people. affected structure or assets during • Project owner: 1 - 2 people the construction process. • Consultant: 2 people • Tinh Gia District PC: 1 person • Chairman/Vice Chairman of • Agreed and supported the project Commune PC. because the project will bring • Thanked and • Mass organizations of many benefits to the people acknowledged commune (Fatherland Front • Project owner must ensure comments of Xuan Lam Committee, Women's Union appropriate compensation for the commune, or Farmers' Association, displaced or relocated communities 5 2pm– Cadastral Officers, Youth households. and local 4.30pm on Union): 5 people • Project should be implemented authoritites 13/10/2017 • Heads of village/residential on schedule, successively. • This issue will clusters : 2-5 people Prolonged construction should be be considered • Affected households: 20 avoided because it can cause during the people. negative impacts on existing ESIA process • Project owner: 1 - 2 people surrounding residential areas. • Consultant: 2 people • People's Committee of Tinh • Thanked and Gia District: 1 person • Agreed and supported the project acknowledged • Chairman/Vice Chairman of because the project will bring comments of Hai Nhan Commune PC. many benefits to the people the commune • Mass organizations of • For upgrading Cau Trang canal, communities commune (Fatherland Front attention should be paid to and local 6 8am – Committee, Women's Union dredging and lining embankment authoritites 10.30am, on or Farmers' Association, for the canal and construction of 14/10/2017 Cadastral Officers, Youth infrastructure (trees, lighting • This issue will Union): 5 people system, drainage system) along be considered during the • Heads of village/residential the canal banks. clusters: 2-5 people ESIA process 237 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Responses Time and No Participants Comments from local community fromPMU and/ location consultants • Representatives from Affected • Procedure, technical solution and households: 20 people. project implementation time • Project owner: 1 - 2 people should be ensured appropriately. • Consultant: 2 people • Agreed with the plan for • Tinh Gia District PC: 1 person rehabilitation of township’s work • Chairman/Vice Chairman of items and with the project. township PC. • For upgrading Cau Trang canal, • Mass organizations of attention should be paid to • Thanked and township (Fatherland Front dredging and lining embankment acknowledged Committee, Women's Union for the canal and construction of comments of Tinh Gia or Farmers' Association, infrastructure (trees, lighting the township Cadastral Officers, Youth system, drainage system) along communities 7 8am – Union): 5 people the canal banks. and local 10.30am, on • Heads of village/residential • During construction process, authoritites 15/10/2017 clusters in project area: 2-5 environmental impacts such as • This issue will people bad odor should be minimized. be considered • Affected households: 20 Damage to asset and impact on during the people. people’s movement should also ESIA process • Investment owner: 1 - 2 be mitigated. people • Compensation for affected • Consultant: 2 people households along Cau Trang canal should be reasonable. • Tinh Gia District PC: 1 person • Chairman/Vice Chairman of Commune PC. • Agreed and supported the • • Mass organizations of Thanked and project. acknowledged commune (Fatherland Front • Environmental safeguards during comments of Committee, Women's Union Hai Thanh construction should be applied, the or Farmers' Association, commune Cadastral Officers, Youth traffic safety should be ensured. communities Union): 5 people Construction process should be and local 8 8am – shortened while still meeting 10.30am, on • Heads of village/residential technical requirement. authoritites When constructing Do Be • 16/10/2017 clusters in project area: 2-5 This issue will people • Bridge, there should be a plan to be considered • Affected households: 20 during the ensure safe traffic connection on people. ESIA process both sides of Kenh Than River. • Investment owner: 1 - 2 people • Consultant: 2 people 238 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..110. The Results of Additional Consultation with Communities Location and No Participant Community’s comment Investor’s feedbacks time • Agree and support construction of the coastal • Ward PC road. Chairman/Vice Chairman • Alignment planning should avoid some sensitive areas • Head of Son Hai such as historical sites, Ninh Hai village and head ancestral temple commune of Thong Nhat village and • There should be a clear and • Thanks and notes 8am – 10.30am transparent compensation comments of local village’s political on 17/11/2017 plan to ensure objectivity community and organizations: 5- 1 and meet current authority. (2 densely 10 people. regulations. • Notes all comments and populated • Representative of residential • Ensure construction with considers in the EIA affected areas on the safety and on schedule, not report household: 70 coastal road) affecting people’s life and people. production. • Investor: 1 - 2 people • Should pay attention to drainage capacity, not • Consultant: 2 causing localized people inundation, not affecting agricultural production. • Thanks and notes comments of local community and • Agree with construction of authority. wastewater treatment plant. • All environmental • Ward PC • Construction should meet impacts caused by bad Chairman/Vice environmental standard odor, inundation… have Chairman. before discharging into been considered in the Than canal. design to propose • Head of Dong • Project area is low-lying suitable mitigation Binh Minh Tien village and land so there should be measures such as commune village’s political organizations: 2-5 appropriate construction selection of suitable 2pm – 4.30pm, method, not to cause location to ensure 2 people on 18/11/2017 flooding distance of 300m from • Representative of (Wastewater • Should ensure residential area, planting affected environmental sanitation, trees surrounding the treatment plant) household: 15 apply appropriate plant, constructing people. treatment method for waste drainage system inside • Investor: 1 - 2 and outside the plant to as regulated. people • Should consider local conduct water to Than, • Tư vấn: 2 people with distance of 150m planning to have appropriate construction from the construction method. site. • Notes all comments and considers in the EIA report 239 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Location and No Participant Community’s comment Investor’s feedbacks time • Agrees with the option of using box culvert to ensure aesthetic and no additional land acquisition and resettlement should be required. • Rehabilitation of the canal • Township PC should ensure technical Chairman/Vice aspect with a vision to 2030, 2050 to ensure Chairman. minimum negative • Thanks and notes • Head of Tinh Gia impacts. comments of local residential cluster 1 and villiage’s • township Ensuring drainage for community and household, organization, authority. 2pm-4.30pm on political organizations: 2-5 restaurant…along the canal • Section K0+000 ~ 17/11/2017 banks K0+280 has been 3 people Representative of • (Dredging and Attention should be paid to proposed to be box • lining environmental sanitation culvert in the design to affected embankment during construction and meet people’s need household: 15 for Cau Trang dreding of Cau Trang • Notes all comments and people. canal) canal. considers in the EIA • Investor: 1 - 2 • Section passing through report people Tinh Gia township • Consultant: 2 (densely populated, narrow people canal bed 2-3m, various local bridges…) should consider the use of box culvert to ensure people’s movement and minimize compensation for loss for the embankment work item. 6.4.2 Results of Consultation with Commune/township People’s Committee People's Committees of communes / towns in the project area of Tinh Gia district received the Official Letter dated 8/11/2017 of the PMU for construction of Nghi Son Economic Zone and Thanh Hoa Industrial Zones with the draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report of the Integrated Urban Development Project - Tinh Gia Urban Sub-Project, Thanh Hoa Province. After reviewing this document, the People's Committees of the communes / township have the following opinions: 240 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Table Error! No text of specified style in document..111. Results of Consultation with Commune/township People’s Committee No. Location, Time CPC's comments • On the negative impacts and measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic and community's health: Agree with the Ninh Hai CPC corresponding contents presented in the project. 1 (A written reply • Recommendations to the Project Owner: dated - It should be ensured according to the approved project dossiers during the 17/11/2017) subproject project implementation - The Project Owner must be committed to strictly implementation of mitigation measures to minimize negative impacts by wastes in accordance with regulations. • On the negative impacts and measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic and community's health: Agree with the Hai Hoa CPC corresponding contents presented in the project. 2 (A written reply • Recommendation to the Project Owner: dated - It is recommended that the project progress quickly, ensure quality and technical 20/11/2017) works. - Strictly comply with regulations on work construction, regularly informed to the local during the project implementation. • On the negative impacts and measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic and community's health: Agree with the Binh Minh CPC corresponding contents presented in the project. 3 (A written reply • Recommendation to the Project Owner: dated - To well-done the ESMP for Tinh Gia subproject, the activities of site clearance must 17/11/2017) ensure that is democracy and in accordance with the Law. - To ensure that quality works, traffic safety and environmental protection. • On the negative impacts and measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic and community's health: Agree with the corresponding contents presented in the project. Nguyen Binh • Recommendation to the Project Owner: CPC - Suggestion for safety construction with high quality equipments and environmental 4 (A written reply protection. dated 20/11/2017) - The project should be constructed immediately to ensure traffic safety, quality assurance. - The Project Owner must be committed to strictly implementation of mitigation measures to minimize negative impacts by wastes in accordance with regulations. • On the negative impacts and measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic and community's health: Agree with the Xuan Lam CPC corresponding contents presented in the project. 5 (A written reply • Recommendation to the Project Owner: dated - Compensation for the temporary occupation of the construction site and restoring 21/11/2017) after construction. - Implement the income restoration program for affected households who have lost their agricultural land, crops, income, etc to support their livelihoods. Hai Nhan CPC • On the negative impacts and measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the project 6 (A written reply on the natural environment, socio-economic and community's health: Agree with the 241 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province No. Location, Time CPC's comments dated corresponding contents presented in the project. 20/11/2017) • Recommendation to the Project Owner: - To ensure work quality during construction period; - To compliance with the proposed environmental and social management plan. - To take measures to compensate people for land clearance so that people can stabilize their life and social security to invest in economic development. - To carry out compensation for affected households so that they can restore their livelihoods. • On the negative impacts and measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic and community's health: Agree with the corresponding contents presented in the project. • Recommendation to the Project Owner: Tinh Gia - Consultation and information with affected households on land acquisition and township PC environment should be carried out during the project preparation (design, site 7 (A written reply clearence) and construction periods. dated - To ensure traffic safety and sanitation condition during the project 22/11/2017) implementation. - The construction is quick and easy in order not to obstruct traffic, create a safety corridor on both sides of the road and ensure the visibility when participating in traffic. - To ensure good drainage and sanitation during construction. • On the negative impacts and measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the project Hai Thanh CPC on the natural environment, socio-economic and community's health: Agree with the corresponding contents presented in the project. 8 (A written reply dated • Recommendation to the Project Owner: 20/11/2017) - To ensure traffic safety and sanitation condition during the project implementation. - The project should be constructed immediately, technical assurance. 6.5 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE The first draft ESIA in Vietnamese had been published at the offices of 8 communes/township, Tinh Gia DPC and the PMU on Oct, 2017 for public consultation. Basing themselves on the contents of the ESIA, the local people could get the subproject information and contribute their opinions/comments on environmental issues. The revised draft ESIA/ESMP in Vietnamese language was published at the offices of 8 communes/township, Tinh Gia DPC and the PMU on November 22th , 2017. The draft ESIA/ESMP (English version) was disclosed on the World Bank website on 28 November 2017. It is expected that the final ESIA/ESMP in English will be disclosed at the World Bank's website in January, 2018. 242 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The proposed subproject is expected to bring about significant positive impacts such as improving urban environmental sanitation and landscape, enhancing access for the project area thus contributing to sustainable socioeconomic development in the subproject area. Most of these positive impacts are expected to be achieved during the operation phase of the subproject. On the other hand, some potential negative environmental and social impacts and risks may also happen during the construction and operation of the facilities provided under the subproject. These include increased dust, noise and gas emission, vibrations, generation of solid wastes and wastewater, surface water quality reduction, traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks, damages to existing infrastructure (power/water supply, irrigation etc.) and disruption of related services increased localized flooding/sedimentation and erosion risks, health and safety issues for the public and the workers etc. These impacts are predicted to be at low to moderate level, and manageable through the environmental and social management plan proposed for this subproject. Therefore, the subproject should be implemented. 243 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ANNEXES ANNEX 1. DUE DILIGENT REVIEWS 1) Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous waste of Nghi Son Environment JSC in Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district. 1. Project name Construction of solid waste treatment site in Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district, Thanh Hoa province Description Scope: The centralized solid waste treatment site was established in Nghi Son economic zone, Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district with a total area of 30 hectares, of which: - The area for disposal of domestic solid wastes and for other treatment activities is 20 ha. - The area for hazardous waste treatment and recycling is 10 ha. - The plant capacity is divided into two stages as follows: + Stage 1: - Domestic waste: 250 tons/day. - Hazardous waste: 45,000 tons/year. - Industrial waste: 50,000 tons/year. + Stage 2: - Domestic waste: 500 tons/day. - Hazardous waste: 60,000 tons/year. - Industrial waste: 70,000 ton/year. - The project was approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (EIA) in the Decision No. 2516/QD-BTNMT dated 12/12/2013. - The project has constructed a centralized wastewater treatment system with the capacity of 200 m3/day. - The project has been granted with the certificate No. 14/GXN-TCMT dated 6/2/2015 for implementation of environmental safeguards. - Project’s nature: Sanitary burial compartment: - Size 80 x 120 m, semi-submerged structure, 3m deep underground and the height of embankment from the ground is 3m. - Roads around burial compartments have red gravel or crushed stone 1 x 2 surface structure. - The structure of each sanitary burial compartment consists of 4 layers: cover layer, waste layer, temporary cover layer of garbage and bottom layer. - Treatment procedure: Domestic waste collected from the surrounding areas is transported to the landfill of Truong Lam Commune. Here the waste will be compressed by the compactor and be covered temporarily with a clay layer of 0.2 m thick. When the waste is filled to the specified height, it will be covered with a layer of HDPE. After a period of time, the organic matter decomposes into gases and the burial height drops to about 40%. 244 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Capital source: State budget Link with Tinh Gia DCIDP project: Truong Lam landfill site receives all solid waste and hazardous solid waste generated from the construction process of Tinh Gia subproject Operation - The project has been operated since 2015. - The project has constructed a centralized wastewater treatment system with capacity of 200 m3/day. - The project has been granted with certificate No.14/GXN-TCMT dated 6/2/2015 for implementation of environmental safeguard measures. - At present, the landfill is operated at capacity designed in Phase 1. EIA The project's EIA has been approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in the Decision No. 2516/QD-BTNMT dated 12/12/2013. Environmental impacts on each component of the project are summarized as follows: + Assessment on the selection option of the landfill: - The land use rate in the area was quite low, a few number of households were affected by land acquisition so the compensation for site clearance was minimized. - Distance from the landfill to the residential area was suitable: within 1km distance from the site there was no concentrated population so the impacts on people (noise, dust and odors) generated from transportation and burial of domestic solid waste were minimized. - Hydrological condition: within 4km distance, there are no rivers and canals used for supplying domestic water but only for irrigation purposes for the whole area. - Climatic condition: suitable because it is located at the end of main wind direction - In term of land planning: It is suitable because it is located in the planning area of solid waste treatment in Thanh Hoa province. + Assessment on the negative impacts of the landfill from preparation, construction, operation and closure of landfill. - Preparation phase: compensation and site clearance would affect the lives of affected people due to: loss of means of production such as loss of one part of field area, crop land.., and affect people's income. - Landfill construction phase: (1) Air quality reduction, noise and vibration caused by dust and gas emission, noise from excavation, embankment, transportation of raw materials and construction waste. of construction and transportation means and machines; (2) deterioration of water quality from domestic effluent from workers' camp and vehicle wash before leaving the site; (3) soil quality reduction due to waste from the site, solid waste from site clearance and domestic waste from construction workers; (4) Other impacts: occupational safety, traffic safety, changing landscape of the area during construction period. - Operation phase of landfill: (1) Wastewater, including: waste water leaking from landfill, domestic wastewater from officials and workers; (2) Gas emission: from the landfill due to the decomposition of organic substances, gas emissions (N2, H2S, 245 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province CH4) and noise caused by vehicles, dust and solid waste blown by wind; (3) Other impacts: risk of fire, explosion, hygiene and labor safety, impact on public health due to generation of environment for the growth of flies and pathogenic microorganisms. - Closure of the landfill: (1) Wastewater: generation of wastewater is similar to that in the operation phase if final cover and surface drainage are not designed, installed and operated reasonably; (2) emissions of (N2, H2S, CH4) from landfill; (3) Other impacts: subsidence, fire hazard and dispersion of gas from burial compartments, affecting the regeneration of landscapes in landfill area. The most significant environmental impacts are: waste leachate, gas emissions and the generation of flies and disease-causing microorganisms during the operation of landfill. Mitigation measures proposed in the EMP include mitigation measures, roles and responsibilities of stakeholders for environmental monitoring, management and capacity building programs. The total cost of environmental quality monitoring is 200,000,000 VND. EMP’s content 1. Treatment of waste leachate Waste leachate will be collected using perforated HPHD D200 pipes. There will be pumping station at the end of each leachate collection pipeline to collect the leachate to the waste water treatment station with the capacity of 200 m3/day. Leachate treatment technology is based on the technology of membrane filtration technology to ensure current standards. 2. Treatment of gas emission from landfill: Gas emissions (gas) in the landfill are collected by standing collector tanks which are evenly distributed. HDPE D200 pipes collect gas from these tanks and all of the collected gas will be burned by the burner. The tube connected to the burner is equipped with a device to prevent the flame from blowing back. 3. Treatment of odors and disease-causing organisms: In the process of burying garbage, in addition to the daily coating to prevent odor, EM (effective microorganism) is also sprayed regularly, especially after rain. In addition, trees will also be planted to separate the area of landfill with residential area. Surrounding fence will also be constructed. Spraying insecticide for flies, mosquitoes and insects with potential for disease Restraining people’s picking up wastes and requiring protective clothing when working in the landfill. The plant has completed the environmental protection works before going into official operation; Environmental monitoring has been carried out once in every 3 months and periodically reporting every 6 months to competent authorities. Assessment on At present, the landfill is operating very effectively, complying with compliance competent authorities’ requirements for mitigation measure, management and monitoring and is still capable of receiving the project's solid waste. Therefore, negative integration effects are low. 246 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Investor will take following measures: + Rules and regulations on labor safety: Electrical appliances are grounded with standard resistors, transmission parts should be protected by mesh. + Regularly check the safety of the containers, chemical storage, especially the insecticides, mice control chemical.... + There should be a signboard showing the boundary of the disposal site, which should be placed/hung at visible place. Arrange “No trespassing” signboard and fence at the gas wells to prevent incident. + Implement fire prevention and fighting regulations as regulated by Treatment for hazadous the specialized management agency: The investor has built firefighting wastes tanks which have regularly filled with water. In addition, reserve water tanks will also be constructed and CO2 fire extinguishers will be prepared. Regularly conduct training on fire safety for officials, employees ... + Provide adequate personal safety facilities. - The management unit shall prepare work diary to annually monitor following items: + Name of waste truck’s driver + Type of waste. + Time (day, month, year) of waste transportation. + Origin of the waste. Classification and + Notebooks and related materials will be kept during operation treatment of domastic solid duration. waste - Apply incentive bonus and punishment policy for the implementation of technical processes and labor safety rules when working at the disposal site. - Maintain a periodical health check (Once in 6 months) for all employees. Classify health statuses and have timely solution for staffs who are ill or have poor health to timely have treatment and active prevention. At the same time, there should be plans to coordinate with health organizations to examine the health of people in the surrounding areas in order to detect in time the probable causes of diseases caused by the operation of the disposal site. - Have incentive/allowance policy for workers doing heavy and dangeour work in accordance with State’s regulations. Recycling solid waste The contractor will apply a number of measures throughout the process of construction including: - Providing adequate labor protection as prescribed, workers are arranged with reasonable rest and are provided with 2 sets of protective clothes/year (including hat, mask, glasses, ...). - Spray water to create reduce dust emission in the construction area and along the transport route with a length of 50m from the project area. Using tank car 5m3 to spray through a hole horizontally arranged under to tank. Water spraying is expected 03 times per day. - At the storage area of construction materials, especially cement storage area, we will shield carefully to limit the release of dust into the air in windy condition. - The trucks transporting materials for the construction process will be covered with canvas. - Apply advanced construction methods, maximize mechanical method and use modern construction machinery with high efficiency of fuel use to limit the generation of dust from exhaust gases. 247 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - Handle with dust: Cover the area of sand, stone and cement before and after loading the materials to prevent dust. - During construction, materials must be properly gathered within the project’s scope as in the construction design drawings. - Regularly cleaning construction site of the work item in the residential area of project communes, NH1A, East – West road, at the intersections with residential areas… - Applying measures to protect the health of workers, reduce the impact on public health. - Contractor will provide workers with good living conditions and hygienic conditions and ensure collection of domestic wastes. - Cooperate with local authorities to disseminate information to workers about social evils, prostitution, epidemics and HIV in the area ... to ensure health for workers and the community. Contractor will cooperate closely with local authorities to ensure good hygiene and epidemic prevention when there is any signs of epidemic; - Alcohol and gambling are strictly prohibited at construction site. Workers will have time table to follow. - Wastewater from personal hygienic purposes (urinating): be treated with septic tank at construction camps with the calculated parameters as follows: - All domestic wastes will be collected once a dy as in the contract between construction contractor with local garbage collector to be transported for treatment as regulated. - Regularly propagate and disseminate information to improve workers’ awareness on environmental sanitation and on proper discharge of waste. Recommendations The project management unit should closely work with the operation unit of the landfill in Truong Lam Commune (Nghi Son Environment Joint Stock Company) to: - Exchange information on compliance with environmental mitigation between the project’s contractor and the landfill’s operation unit; - Sign contract for transporting and processing solid wastes/dredged sludge/hazardous wastes between the project’s contractor with the landfill’s operation unit to ensure compliance with the solid waste/sludge collection and treatment process. 248 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Figure 1. The process of collecting and transporting wastes to Nghi Son treatment plant 2) Project of the North - South No.2 (linked project to the work item of (1) Coastal road from Ninh Hai –Lach Bang 2 Bridge) 2. Project’s name Construction of North-South 2 road, from the junction with East- West 1 road to NH1A junction, Nghi Son EZ. Description Scope: To construct a road with total length of 6.82 km with width B = 36m. Capital source: Bond of Government of Vietnam: Link with Tinh Gia DCIDP project: - The coastal road from Ninh Hai to Lach Bang 2 bridge will be directly connected with the North South 2 road, from the intersection with the East-West 1 road to the junction with NH1A, Nghi Son EZ. Status + Compensation and site clearance have been completed. + 80% of construction has been completed and the road is going to be connected with Lach Bang 2 Bridge and the end point of the coastal road from Ninh Hai to Lach Bang 2 Bridge in November 2017. EIA’s status This project has been prepared from 2008-2009. The EIA report of the project has been approved by Nghi Son Economic Zone Authority in 2009. EMP’s content During the field survey in the area under construction, a number of mitigation measures have been implemented by the contractor of this project as follows: - The arrangement of camp is reasonable, not affecting the road and traffic condition in the area. - The construction solid waste has been gathered reasonably, covered, dried and then transported to the landfill in Truong Lam commune and discharged according to regulations. 249 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Assessment on compliance + This project has fully complied with regulations on environmental protection during the preparation and construction of the project. + The construction contractor has complied with the measures to minimize the environmental impact and traffic safety and health of workers in construction; Disposal of waste has been made at right place as contracted with the landfill operator in Truong Lam Commune. - Other mitigation measures for solid waste management to be applied include: + Develop a plan for management and use of construction materials; Avoid material spillage when transporting or gathering at wrong location, affecting construction activities and surrounding environment. + Scattered and fell stones and soils will be transported to disposal site as designed by the project. + Surplus iron and steel, cement bags ... shall be gathered collectively on the camps of workers for reusing or selling to local waste collecting establishments. - In order to minimize the pollution caused by oil and grease from the construction process, the investor requests the construction company to take the following measures: + Minimize the repair of vehicles and machinery in the project area. + Waste oil and grease (oily cloth, batteries, etc.) will be collected by the construction unit in the tanks located in the camp. + Once every 3 months, the construction unit will contract with Nghi Son Environment Joint Stock Company to collect and treat the waste in accordance with Circular No. 36/2017/TT - BTNMT dated 30 June 2017 by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the management of hazardous waste. Recommendation The project management unit should closely work with the management board of Nghi Son Economic Zone and industrial parks to: - Exchange information on the compliance with environmental mitigation measures of contractor and the road management entity; - Send prior notice on the project construction schedule to the management entity to minimize impacts caused by the construction activities on the work quality for the completed road. For some available main material quarries intentively to be used for the subproject: 1. Name of quarry Gao mountain quarry, Truong Lam commune, Tinh Gia district, Thanh Hoa province Opration status - Investor: Tan Thanh 6 One-member limited company - The quarry was granted permit on exploitation and land rental under Permit No. 440/GP-UBND by Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee on 28/11/2014. - Quarry’s reserve: 2,414,452 m3. EIA status - The quarry’s Environmental rehabilitation scheme was approved under Decision No.2523/QĐ-UBND by Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee on 11/8/2014. 250 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - The quarry’s EIA report was approved by Head of Nghi Son Economic zone management unit under Decision No.248/QĐ- BQLKKTNS, dated 13/8/2014. EMP content - Issues on environmental impacts, safety and health in the quarry include dust, noise, blasting, machine operation, excavation pit/wall, loading and unloading of materials ...). The measures are as follows: + Regularly organizing training courses on labor safety and health for both employer and workers. + Workers working at the quarry must be trained in labor safety and passed training courses before entering the workplace. + Workers working at the height of 2m or more, in dangerous climbing positions or under the edge of the floor must wear seat belts, the seat belt must be fastened to the firm pile. Periodically checking the strength of the pile; Workers working on high platform must not use alcohol; rustic tobacco and tobacco; In particular, people with a record of heart attack should not be arranged for heavy work and at height. + Workers must comply with the regulations on safety and labor protection: glasses, helmets, safety belts ... + Keep close contact with local authorities to collect opinions of local communities on environmental protection and find solutions; - Before and after blasting, there must be a warning signal around the safety radius of rock crashing and vibration which is minimum 200m and 300m for equipment and human, respectively. - Utility works should be available in the quarry area for workers’s use such as: canteen, toilet, bathing place ... Hazardous wastes generated during the operation of the quarry are oil, grease and waste with around 20 kg/month. This amount will be collected and treated by Nghi Son Environment Joint Stock Company under contract. Assessment on - Environmental remediation deposit: environmental remediation compliance deposit has been made under current regulation at Environmental Protection Fund of Thanh Hoa Department of Natural Resources and Environment. - Trees have been planted around the quarry with distance to the nearest residential area of 500 m. - Operation parameter: Number of machineries to be used (10 machines including excavator, bulldozer, crane, truck…) and about 50 workers. - Protective facilities (helmet, glove, protective cloths…) are provided sufficiently to worker (2 sets/person); health check once in 6 months about occupational disease, awareness building on HIV/AIDs... - Workers in charge of blasting work (10 workers) have been granted with permits by Department of Industry and Trade. Blasting operation will be warned and informed regularly to the local community. Generally, blasting is done at noon. - Quarry’s staffs will be regularly trained on occupational health and safety at Thanh Hoa Department of Labors, Invalids and Social affairs once in 6 months. 2. Quarry’s name Borrow pit in Phu Lam commune, Tinh Gia district, Thanh Hoa province Opration status - Investor: Duc Minh private company 251 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province - The borrow pit was granted with Permit No. 140/GP-UBND on exploitation and land rental by Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee on 17/4/2014. - Quarry’s reserve: 1,200,000 m3. EIA status - The borrow pit’s EIA report and Environmental rehabilitation scheme with addition of investment in the borrow pit exploitation scope were approved under Decision No.1067/QĐ-UBND by Thanh Hoa Provincial People’s Committee on 31/03/2015. EMP content - Issues on environmental impacts, safety and health in the borrow pit include dust, noise, blasting, machine operation, excavation pit/wall, loading and unloading of materials ...). The measures are as follows: + Regularly organizing training courses on labor safety and health for both employer and workers. + Workers working at the quarry must be trained in labor safety and passed training courses before entering the workplace. + Workers working at the height of 2m or more, in dangerous climbing positions or under the edge of the floor must wear seat belts, the seat belt must be fastened to the firm pile. Periodically checking the strength of the pile; Workers working on high platform must not use alcohol; rustic tobacco and tobacco; In particular, people with a record of heart attack should not be arranged for heavy work and at height. + Workers must comply with the regulations on safety and labor protection: glasses, helmets, safety belts ... + Keep close contact with local authorities to collect opinions of local communities on environmental protection and find solutions; - Utility works should be available in the quarry area for workers’s use such as: canteen, toilet, bathing place ... - Hazardous wastes generated during the operation of the quarry are oil, grease and waste with around 20 kg/month. This amount will be collected and treated by Nghi Son Environment Joint Stock Company under contract. Assessment on - Environmental remediation deposit: environmental remediation compliance deposit has been made under current regulation at Environmental Protection Fund of Thanh Hoa Department of Natural Resources and Environment. - Trees have been planted around the borrow pit area with distance to the nearest residential area of 1,000 m. - Operation parameter: Number of machineries to be used (5 machines including excavator, bulldozer, crane, truck…) and about 20 workers. - Protective facilities (helmet, glove, protective cloths…) are provided sufficiently to worker (2 sets/person); health check once in 6 months about occupational disease, awareness building on HIV/AIDs... - Borrow pit staffs will be regularly trained on occupational health and safety at Thanh Hoa Department of Labors, Invalids and Social affairs once in 6 months. For the disposal site of Lach Bang port project with area of about available 2.5ha: Project’s baseline information: Project’s name: Upgrading and expansion of Lach Bang fish port project – Thanh Hoa province. 252 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Project’s owner: Thanh Hoa Department of Agricculture and Rural Devalopment Representative of Project’s owner: Thanh Hoa Aqua-product Project Management Unit Project’s location: The project is located on the right bank of Lach Bang river in Hai Binh commune of Tinh Gia district, about 800m upstream from Lach Bach river estuary. Work items: To dredge and construct fishing wharves, vessel berths and waterways in front of wharves, sand dikes, architectural works and technical networks ... The total investment capital is 156 billion dong. Implementation duration of the project: 2010 - 2011. Status of EIA: The EIA report was approved in 2010 by Decision No. 114/QD-BNN-KHCN dated 14 January 2010 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development approving the EIA report of the project to upgrade and expand the Lach Bang port of Thanh Hoa province. Main contents of the EMP: According to the results of periodic monitoring of Thanh Hoa Department of Natural Resources and Environment, the water quality of Lach Bang River has been salinized with the highest salinity of about 28%o, river sediment has salinity of about 6 - 7%o. Disposal site in the Lach Bang fish port project: includes 4 locations for disposing dredged material from this project. So far, these disposal sites have still had empty land area at the Site 4 (near Ben Ngao sluice - Lach Bang estuary) to receive about 50,000 to 70,000 m3;and mitigation measures for thisdisposal sites are as follows: Disposal site Capacity Mitigation measures for the disposal sites receiving (m3) dredged material generated from the project Site 4 - area 3.7 ha 120,000 Embanking the dyke by in-situ excavated soil Arranging weirs by bamboo piles along the Lach Bang river bank with distance of 50m per weir. For site 1, arrange 39 weirs to prevent inundation for surrounding areas and for draining leachate to Lach Bang river. Figure 2. Embanking the dyke around the disposal Site 4 253 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ANNEX 2- DCIDP TINH GIA DREDGED MATERIALS AND DREDGING MANAGEMENT PLAN 1. Location of Dredging, Volume and Characteristics of Dredged Materials The Project proposed to rehabilitate the Than and Cau Trang canals (dredging and embankment lining). The contractors will carry out both dredging of the parts underwater and excavation of the soil, including top soil, on the Than and Cau Trang canal. The Than canal will be dredged in one section with total length of 5km, canal width is 25.5m. The section to be dredged is from the Mai bridge (Km 8+893) to the Do Be bridge (Km 13+822). The Cau Trang canal will be dredged in a section with L = 5.7 km, B= 4 - 9 m. The maps showing the dredging area are shown in Figures 1 and 2 below. Figure 1: Dredging Area of the Than Canal Figure 2: Dredging area of the Cau Trang canal It is estimated that approximately 112,110 m3 of dredged materials will be generated from the dredging and canal lining at the Cau Trang and Than canals. The estimated volume of dredged and excavated materials of each item are listed in the Table 1 below. Table 1 –Volume of Dredged Materials No. Item Unit Than canal Cau Trang canal Total 1 Dredged material m3 68,630 43,480 112,110 2 Excavation m3 59,357 9,520 68,877 Total m3 127,987 53,000 180,987 254 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province According to baseline data provided in Chapter 2 of the ESIA, the tested contents of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the sediment samples are within allowable limit.However, salinity in the sediment of the Than canal is at around 5%o. . Table 2 –Sediment Quality on Than and Cau Trang canals Parameter Salinity Cd Cu Lead (Pb) Zinc (Zn) Unit %o mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg T1 4,90 3.12 60.7 8.7 68.5 T2 5,13 2.09 62.3 5.5 69.0 T3 5,26 1.80 60.9 6.3 69.5 T4 5,42 2.18 64.5 8.1 58.9 T5 5,12 1.14 64.1 8.3 67.7 T6 0,71 2.05 63.8 6.8 56.9 T7 0,62 2.11 61.7 5.9 69.2 T8 1,15 3.13 61.5 7.5 59.0 T9 3,81 2.60 62.9 6.6 68.8 T10 5,92 1.15 62.2 7.3 49.1 QCVN - 4.2 108 112 271 43:2012/BTNMT QCVN 07:2009/ BTNMT Ctc (mg/l) - 5 - 15 250 Sampling location: TT1: At Than canal at the section passing Dong Hai hamlet, Hai Hoa commune TT2: At Than canal section at Son Hai bridge in Binh Minh commune TT3: At Than canal section at Do Be bridge in Binh Minh commune TT4: At Than canal section at Do Be bridge in Binh Minh commune, at the WWTP site TT5: At Than canal section crossing with the access road to Hai Nhan communal People’s Committee headquarter TT6: At Cau Trang canal at the section passing through residential area of Tinh Gia township TT7: At Cau Trang canal at the section crossing with the access road to Tinh Gia district People’s committee headquarter TT8: At Cau Trang canal section near Cong bridge, Tinh Gia township TT9: At Cau Trang canal section crossing with Than canal in Binh Minh commune TT10: At Lach Bang river section crossing with Than canal 2. Temporary and Final Disposal Site Temporary Disposal Site Dredged materials from the Than and Cau Trang canals will be loaded temporarily into the existing ponds located along the two canals. The locations of these ponds are listed in Table and shown in the Figure below Table 3 - Locations of Temporary storage Areas Area Volume Temporary dump sites (m2) (m3) Location I Than canal 43,100 70,425 1 Temporary dump site 1 11,000 16,500 500 m from begining point 2 Temporary dump site 2 3,600 5,400 Next to Cau Noi bridge 255 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 3 Temporary dump site 3 10,500 15,750 Nex to Chay bridge Between Chay bridge and Binh 4 Temporary dump site 4 18,000 27,000 Minh bridge 5 Temporary dump site 5 3,850 5,775 Next to Binh Minh bridge II Cau Trang canal 44,280 1 Temporary dump site 1 17,100 20,520 800m from begining point 2 Temporary dump site 2 8,400 10,080 At Km 1+200 800m from the intersection of 3 Temporary dump site 3 4,800 5,760 NH1A 4 Temporary dump site 4 6,600 7,920 At ending point Figure 3: Location of Temporary dump site on Than & Cau Trang canal Final Disposal Sites The data in Table 1 also indicate the volumes of dredged materials, which is 112,110 m3. By surveying, collecting data and consulting with stakeholders (DONRE, Tinh Gia District PC, Binh Minh Communal PC), two permanent disposal sites were proposed, including: (1) The disposal site near Ben Ngao sluice - Lach Bang river mouth in Binh Minh commune will be used for the Tinh Gia subproject. This is the disposal site formed under the Lach Bang port project. Currently the land area available for disposal is of about available 2.5ha. The distance from the disposal site to the dredging area of Than and Cau Trang canals is 3 - 8 km; The main transportation route is Binh Minh inter-communal road. The disposal site’s capacity is about 50,000 m3 (corresponding to the discharge height of about 2 m). 256 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Figure 3. Proposed Disposal Site at Lach Bang rivermouth (2) The disposal site near Do Be bridge with area of about available 4.5ha. The distance from the disposal site to the dredging area of Than and Cau Trang canals is 0.5 - 5 km. The main transportation route is Binh Minh inter-communal road. The disposal site’s capacity is about 67,500 m3 (corresponding to the discharge height of about 1.5 m).So that, total disposal site’s capacity is about 117,500 m3. The area of this disposal site is sufficient to accommodate the volume of dredged material from Than and Cau Trang canals. The locations of the two disposal sites are shown in the Figure 4 below. Dump site 1 Figure 4: Location of Disposal Site for dredged material on Than & Cau Trang canal 3. Social and Environmental Impacts and Risks related to Dredging The typical potential impacts and risks related to dredging together with mitigation measures are listed in the Table 4 below. Table 4 – Typical Socio Environmental Impacts and Risks Impacts and Description Mitigation Measures AT DREDGING and TEMPORARY LOADING AREAS Interruption to drainage and irrigation service - Inform community at least two weeks before dredging Irrigation service may be disrupted if the - Dredging half width of the canal each time, existing irrigation ditch is blocked during the retain the other half for drainage and irrigation dredging and embankment lining function Odour and air pollution, nuisance - Inform the community at least one week before dredging is started 257 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Impacts and Description Mitigation Measures Decomposition of organic matters under - Minimise the duration of temporary loading of anaerobic conditions generates strong odour- dredged materials on-site generated gases such as SO2, H2S, VOC etc. - Load the materials on-site tidily When the muds are disturbed and excavated, - Do not load the materials temporarily outside these gases are released much faster into the air. the designated ponds, Exposure to odour pollution affect the health of - Cover the dredged materials while loading workers, local residents and cause public temporarily near populated areas nuisance Dust and nuisance - Avoid temporary loading of dredged materials on-site where possible - Dredged materials must be transported to the Temporary loading of sludge at the construction final disposal sites earliest possible site cause nuisance to the public - Use truck with water-tight tank to transport Dry and wet mud may be dropped along the wet/damp dredged materials; dredging area and on transportation route - All trucks must be covered tightly before causing nuisance to the public and traffic safety leaving construction site to minimise dust and risks mud dispersion along the road Traffic Disturbance and increased traffic safety - Place “road work” and “slow down” risks signboards at the populated or near residential areas The placement and operation of dredging - Clean up and rehabilitate the disturbed areas equipment and construction plants on the as soon as possible ground, temporary loading of the dredged materials may obstruct or disturb traffic and cause safety risks for the people travelling on the river-side road, particularly at the Cong Town Social Disturbance - Optimise construction duration schedule to maintain irrigation and drainage function but also minimising the impacts on the residents Concentration of workers and equipment, living along the river construction plants, temporary loading of - Inform the community at least one week materials and wastes, traffic disturbance, dusts before construction is started and odour pollution etc. may disturb daily - Monitor to ensure that physical disturbances activities and the lives of local communities are within the construction corridors only Conflicts may also be arisen if workers, waste, - Contractor recruit local labours for simple materials, equipment etc. are present outside the works, brief them about project environmental construction corridor and safety requirements before started working - Contractor register the list of workers who come from other localities to the commune at the construction site - Led the water leaked from wet/damp dredged materials going back to the canal, not to affect garden or agricultural land - Keep the areas to be disturb minimal - Enforce workers to comply with codes of conducts Landslide and soil subsiding risks at dredging - During field survey for the preparation of area CDMP, the contractor in coordination with the Environmental Officer of PMU and the Environmental Consultant of the CES identify Relative deep excavation or cut and fills on the weak structures that may be at risk and embankments that create slopes may lead to determine appropriate mitigation measures accordingly 258 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Impacts and Description Mitigation Measures landslide and soil subsiding at the slops or - Consider and select appropriate dredging excavated areas, particularly in rainy weather method that allow minimising soil subsiding Deep excavation also cause risks to the existing risks, for example carry out stepped buildings nearby, particularly the weak excavation, stabilise slops in parallel to structures or located too close to the deep dredging excavation area. - Apply protective measures such as sheet piles at risky locations Water Quality Degradation - Build coffer dams surrounding the dredging area and pump the water out before starting Turbidity in water will be increased when the dredging mud is disturbed; Water leaked from dredged - If dredging is carried out directly onto the material and suface runoff through disturbed water, dredge at intervals to allow suspended ground also contain high solid contents. Muddy materials to resettle before continuing. water entering irrigation ditch will cause Observe water colour at 20 m upstream of the sedimentation. Aquatic livest in the river would nearest irrigation water intake and stop also be affected by turbid water. dredging when water colour there started to change Increased Safety risk for the Public - Place stable barriers along the construction corridor boundary to separate the site with nearby structures - Place warning signs and reflective barriers along the construction area, at dangerous locations and within sensitive receptors - Ensure adequate lighting at Health and Safety risk to the workers - Provide and enforce the workers to use masks, gloves, boots, hats. If and when working in the The health of workers may be affected due to water, protective cloths, life-vests must be exposure to odour and other contaminants from worn. sludge - Do not kill the insects/reptile, try to drive them When working in or near Tri river, there is a risk away of being drown Insects, reptiles such as bees, snakes from riverside bush may appear and attack the workers Others - Other relevant measures specified in ECOP or proposed by the contractors as necessary MATERIAL LOADING AND TRANSPORTATION Dust and nuisance, traffic safety risks - Use water-tight tank trucks for transporting wet/dam materials Dust or wet materials may be dropped along - Cover the materials tightly before leaving the the transportation route construction site - Do no overload material on the trucks AT FINAL DISPOSAL SITE - Erosion, Landslide risks at final Disposal site - Level the materials after being disposed off - Slopes of the dumps will not be steeper than Although the excavated and dredged materials 45o will be disposed of in the existing holes at the - Build/create the walls to protect slopes quarries, erosion due to strong wind may still - Create and maintain drainage surrounding happen if no measures are applied the high each disposal area if the dumps make ground dumps of loose granular materials are formed. level higher than the surroundings On the other hand, when the dump is high enough, landslide may happen under the impacts of wind and rainwater Disturbance to existing drainage - Dispose of the materials at designated areas only 259 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Impacts and Description Mitigation Measures Unloaded dredged and excavated materials may - Clean up or repair existing drains if blockage disturbed, damage or block the existing drains or damages are the contractors’ faults. Clean causing localised flooding up and repair will be at cost of the contractors Risks Related to Salinity of Dredged Materials and Wastewater As the salinity in dredged materials from the Cau Trang canal is around 3%o, and slightly more than 5%o in that of the Than canal, if these materials fill up agricultural/garden land, vegetation covers, crop and trees may be affected seriously. On the other hand, if surface runoff passing such dredging materials before entering agricultural/garden land, similar effects may also happen. The impacts of salinity on plants and salinity tolerance ranges of some crops trees are shown in the Box below. Impacts of Salinity on Plants Plant species vary in how well they tolerate salt-affected soils. Some plants will tolerate high levels of salinity while others can tolerate little or no salinity. Perennial plants seem to handle salinity better than annual plants. In some cases, salinity also has a toxic effect on plants because of the high concentration of certain salts in the soil. Salinity prevents the plants from taking up the proper balance of nutrients they require for healthy growth16. Salinity toilerance ranges of some types trees and plants as shown below17: • Fruit Trees: oranges, grape fruit: 2%o, mango: 4%o, sugar canes: 2%o, coconuts: 7%o. • Rice: 2%o, only when young and multiplying. Rice is very sensitive with salinity during flowering. • Corn: 1%o, tomatos: 2%o, beans: 5%o The potential impacts of dredged materials onto vegetation cover/agricultural land can be managed by isolating the dredged materials and control the surface runoff passing temporary and permanent disposal areas. The measures to minimise the impacts and risks from to salinity of dredged materials and related wastewater are presented under Temporary and permanent loading requirements specified in the sections below. 4. Dredging Method, Temporary Loading and Transportation of Dredged Materials Below are the dredging methods proposed during project preparation phase. The contractor may be proposed adjustments or alternatives provided that the pollution control requirements are met. Dredging activities will not be conducted in flood season (from May to September), during extreme weather events (heavy rains, floods, cyclones, etc). Successive dredging method will be applied. Dredge half width of each section of canal from 100m to 200 m, upstream to downstream. The remaining half width will be retained to maintain drainage and irrigation functions of the canal. For each section, coffer dams made of eucalyptus timber and sand bags shall be built surrounding half of canal with where dredging will take place. Pump river water out of the dredging section. Use excavators and buckets to dredge the Than and Cau Trang 16 Salt Tolerance of Plants, Albeta Agriculture and Forestry, http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/ all/agdex3303. Accessed 30 November 2017 17 Salinity tolerance of some crops, Vietnam Sugarcan research institute. http://www.vienmiaduong.vn/vi/ detailkhoa.php?idTin=793, accessed 30 November 2017 260 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province canals to the designed elevation (except the section of Tinh Gia township on Cau Trang canal), at about 0.75 to 1.93 m. Temporary loading Requirements. Dry the ponds and lay impermeable materials (tarpaulin) to cover the bottom and the embankments of these ponds before using them for temporary loading of dredged materials. When the dredged materials are dumped in to these ponds, wastewater will be leaked from the saline wet/damp materials. Create outlet and ditch at one or two locations at each pond and lead the wastewater to run back into the canals. It is important that the contractors, CSC and project owner are well aware that the dredged sediment has salinity at about 5%o, if such sediment or rainwater passing the temporary disposal site enter agricultural land, serious damages to vegetation cover or crops may happen. Therefore, runoff these ponds should be monitored closely. Then Transportation Requirements. Load and transport the dry dredge materials to the designated disposal sites (the Dump Site 1 is next to the salinity control sluice and the Dump Site 2 is near Do Be bridge). Truck must be covered tightly to prevent materials dropped along transportation route. In cases where damp sediments must be transported, ensure that the truck tank is water tight so as muds do not drop along the road. FinalDisposal Requirements. Lay impermeable materials (tarpaulin) to cover the bottom and the embankments of disposal site near the Do Be Bridge before using it for disposal of dredged materials. Create or improve ditches at the site to ensure that surface runoff passing the site will go into the riverside, not inland side while embankments and/or sedimentation traps must be created to prevent disposal materials from entering the river. Laying tarpaulin materials is NOT required to the disposal site near Lach Bang Disposal Site. Slopes must be stabilised in a timely manner to prevent landslide risks. Carry out levelling of ground surface at the disposal site weekly to minimise erosion potentials. Apply top soil on the top if feasible. In addition, the Contrator will implement all the site-specific mitigation measures applicable for the final disposal sites as specified in Table 5.11, Chapter 5. 5. Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan The Contractor is required to prepare a Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan (CDMP) and submitted to the Environmental Consultant of the Construction Supervision team and the PMU Environmental Officer for review and approval. The CDMP will include, but not limited to the followings: 1) The Scope of Works in the Contract package, construction method and schedule 2) Volume and quality of water quality and sediment quality in the dredging area covered by the contract 3) Water users that may be affected by the dredging and embankment lining 4) Materials uploading and transportation method: indicate proposed route of the transport from the dredged site to the disposal area, time of operation, type of vehicles/trucks and proposed measures to reduce the leakage of the dredged materials from the transport trucks, 5) Schedule to inform the nearby communities about the project, disclosure of name and contact number for possible complaints. 6) Potential social and environmental impacts, including the site-specific impacts and risks 7) Mitigation measures to address the potential impacts and risks. The mitigation measures should be proposed based on ESIA/ECOP, ESMP, SEMP, the potential impacts and mitigation measures presented in Section 4 and 5 of this Plan and the following requirements: Environmental Quality Monitoring plan carried out by the contractor (particularly pH, DO, TSS, BOD, salinity for water. For soil and sediment: The total dredged sediment is 261 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province 112,110 m3, The contractor will take at least 6 sediment samples and test for pH, Hg, As, Cd, Cr, and salinity following the guideline given below. Table5. The number of Sediment samples Volume of dredged (m3) No of Sediment Samples Up to 25,000 3 25,000 to 100,000 4-6 8) Results of Consultation with affected community about the draft CDMP. 6. Additional Guidance on the Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures to be included in CDMP - Disturbance to the ground and on riverbed is kept at minimal; Monitoring is carried out regularly ensure temporary storage of dredged materials in abandoned ponds would not cause pollution to the surrounding; sedimentation trap is installed surrounding these ponds; - When storm is forecasted, dredging or embankment lining activities will be limited, site protection measures are implemented; all construction activities will be halted in stormy weather; - Dredging equipment must be operated at slow speed in intervals to allow sedimentation; - Provide warning signs at dangerous areas, for example, underflows, erosion points, or deep excavation; - Specified safety equipment such as lifebuoys are provided to the workers and force the use when working in the water. Assign observers throughout work shifts for timely rescue in case of emergency; The contractor should dig and retain the existing grass to cover the surface of the dredged material after completion at the final disposal sites. 262 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ANNEX 3. MAPS FOR LOCATION OF BASE ENVRONMENTAL SAMPLING Figure 1. Map for loaction of air, noise sampling Figure 2. Map for location of surface water, ground water and wastewater quality sampling 263 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Figure 3. Map for location of soil and sediment sappling 264 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province ANNEX 4. MAPS FOR LOCATION OF ENVRONMENTAL MONITORING A4.1. Environmental monitoring on construction phase Figure 1. Map for loaction of air, noise monitoring Figure 2. Map for location of surface water and Wastewater quality and sediment monitoring Loaction of air, noise monitoring: 265 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province -K1: At the junction between the new road with NH1A in Ninh Hai commune -K2: At the junction with the inter-communal road passing through Ninh Hai, near the tentative resettlement area -K3: At the end point of the new road, 300m from Hai Thanh beach -K4: At the junction between the coastal road with the road passing through Son Hai hamlet residential area in Ninh Hai commune -K5: At the junction between the coastal road with the road passing through Dai Tien hamlet residential area in Ninh Hai commune -K6: At the junction between the coastal road with the road passing through Thong Nhat hamlet residential area in Ninh Hai commune -K7: At the junction between the coastal road with the road passing through Nhan Hung hamlet residential area in Hai Hao commune -K8: At the junction between the coastal road with the construction area of Than canal dredging work and Son Hai bridge in Binh Minh commune -K9: At the junction between the coastal road with the construction area of the item: upgrading and rehabilitation of Do Be bridge in Binh Minh commune -K10: At the junction between dredging work of Than canal and the work of upgrading and rehabilitation of Do Be bridge, Binh Minh commune, at the side to Hai Thanh commune K11: At the junction between the coastal road with the road passing through Quy Vinh hamlet residential area in Binh Minh commune -K12: At the junction between Binh Minh-Sao Vang road with NH1A, at hamlet 5 of Nguyen Binh commune -K13: At the junction between the coastal road with the road passing through Thanh Khanh hamlet residential area in Binh Minh commune -K14: At the junction between the coastal road with the road passing through Thanh Dong hamlet residential area in Binh Minh commune -K15: At the junction between the coastal road with the road passing through hamlet 7 residential area in Xuan Lam commune -K16: At the junction between the work item of Cau Trang canal with the road passing through Thuong Bac hamlet residential area in Hai Nhan communen -K17: At the junction between the work item of Cau Trang canal with the road passing through residential area 1 of Tinh Gia township -K18: At the junction between the work item of Cau Trang canal with the road passing through residential area 1 of Tinh Gia township, near Tinh Gia primary school -K19: At the junction between the work item of Than canal with the road passing through Thong Nhat hamlet residential area in Hai Hoa commune (on the bridge) -K20: At the junction between the work item of Cau Trang canal with NH1A (near Cong bridge in Tinh Gia township) 266 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Loaction of surface water monitoring: M1: Surface water on Than canal at the bridge crossing Than canal at the begining point in Duc Thanh hamlet, Hai Hoa commune - M2: Surface water on Than canal at the section passing through Dong Hai hamlet in Hai Hoa commune, where there is agricultural land of the commune - M3: Surface water on Than canal at the section passing through Chay bridge in Hai Hoa commune - M4: Surface water on Than canal at the section passing through Son Hai bridge in Binh Minh commune - M5: Surface water on Than canal at the section passing through Do Be bridge in Binh Minh commune - M6: Surface water on Than canal at the section in front of the saline controlled sluice which passes through Giai Kenh bridge in Binh Minh commune (construction area of the WWTP and dredging Than canal) - M7: Surface water on Lach Bang river at the end point of the coastal road near hamlet 7 in Xuan Lam commune (high tide). - M8: Surface water on Lach Bang river at the end point of the coastal road near hamlet 7 in Xuan Lam commune (low tide). - M9: Surface water on Lach Bang river section near trade village in Hai Thanh commune and near construction are of the coastal road in Binh Minh commune (high tide) - M10: Surface water on Lach Bang river section near trade village in Hai Thanh commune and near construction are of the coastal road in Binh Minh commune (low tide) Loaction of domestic wastewater monitoring: NT1: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of the road from NH1A to Ninh Hai beach at the discharging point. NT2: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of the coastal road at the discharging point NT3: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of NH1A in Hai Hoa commune at the discharging point NT4: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of Do Be bridge at the discharging point NT5: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of Binh Minh to Sao Vang road, at hamlet 5 of Nguyen Binh commune at the discharging point NT6: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of coastal road, in Xuan Phong commune at the discharging point NT7: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of coastal road, in Binh Minh commune at the discharging point NT8: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of Cau Trang Canal, in Hai Nhan commune at the discharging point NT9: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of Cau Trang Canal, Tinh Gia township at the discharging point NT10: Wastewater after treatment from worker camps of coastal road, in Xuan Lam commune at the discharging point 267 Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Tinh Gia Subproject – Thanh Hoa Province Loaction of sediment monitoring: TT1: Sediment on Than canal at the section passing Dong Hai hamlet, Hai Hoa commune, on the agricultural land near sampling location of NM2 +TT2: Sediment on Than canal at the section at Son Hai bridge in Binh Minh commune near sampling location of NM4 +TT3: Sediment on Than canal at the section at Do Be bridge in Binh Minh commune near the sampling location of NM5 +TT4: Sediment on Than canal at the section crossing with the access road to Hai Nhan communal People’s Committee headquarter and near sampling location of NM13 +TT5: Sediment on Cau Trang canal at the section passing the residential area of Tinh Gia township +TT6: Sediment on Cau Trang canal at the section passing through residential area of Tinh Gia township, crossing with the access road to Tinh Gia district People’s committee headquarter. A4.2. Environmental monitoring on operation phase Figure 3. Map for location of WWTP environmental monitoring 268