THE 92686 WorldBank IN INDIA VOL 13 / NO 1 JULY 2014 INSIDE Rampur Hydropower Project commissioned 1-5 A new hydro power project Development Dialogue: Five point plan to clean the Ganga 6-7 brings development to ICR Update: First Statistical Strengthening Project 8-9 remote mountain villages Recent Project Approvals T & Signings 10-13 his month, the Rampur Hydropower Project, situated high in the New Additions to the Public upper reaches of the mountain state of Himachal Pradesh, has begun Information Center 14-27 to feed into India’s electricity grid, providing much-needed additional Contact Information 28 renewable power for homes, hospitals, schools and businesses. About the photograph: The run-of-the-river project on the Satluj is showing that, if done right, In Himachal Pradesh, a newly hydropower plants can indeed generate clean electricity with a minimal completed hydropower project impact on the environment. The project, constructed by SJVN Ltd, a is showing how electricity can be generated with a minimum public sector developer, and supported by the World Bank, will generate impact on the environment and 412 MW of low-carbon electricity. the local people Photo courtesy: World Bank The project It will also avert 1.4 million tons of CO2 has brought much-needed emissions that would have spewed into the atmosphere each year had the same A growing economy like India is hungry for energy. With almost 60 percent of its installed capacity being contributed development amount of power been generated through and cash by conventional thermal power plants, conventional coal-fired plants. benefits to the the country is keen to move towards low- local people People – we can’t grow carbon energy sources. without them Fortunately, India is rich in fast-flowing rivers that cascade down from the mighty While India has long experience in developing Himalayas—the vast water towers of Asia hydropower, the Rampur Project has —and have huge potential for generating placed special focus on benefitting local clean and renewable energy. communities and protecting the environment. But, building hydropower projects in the The “Making local people stakeholders in our fragile, geologically-young Himalayas powerhouse project is most important for us,” said K.K. is not easy, and only a fourth of India’s on the banks Gupta, who led the project on SJVN’s behalf. enormous hydropower potential has of the “We can’t survive without them, we can’t been harnessed so far. Sutlej river grow without them.” Accordingly, the project has paid special attention to improving the lives of people living in region’s remote mountain villages. Displacement was minimal. The project built no new dam or reservoir, but carried water through a 15 km long tunnel drilled deep within the mountainside from an existing upstream power project to the new Rampur powerhouse. Only 30 acres of private land was acquired. The 29 families who lost their homes were 12 2 The World Bank in India • July 2014 Top left: The given land at places of their choosing, as Bringing modern facilities to resettlement well as the funds to build their dwellings colony at anew. remote mountain villages Averi “Earlier we lived in mud-brick homes,” said In addition to improving the lives of affected Right: Roop Singh from Averi village. “Now we have families, the project is bringing much-needed The village ‘pucca’ (concrete) homes. Earlier we lived development to the wider community. of Bayal on the outskirts. Now we are in the heart of Villagers have chosen the development works now has a town. And we have the additional benefit of they wanted and the project has funded them dispensary, a post office, being closer to the road.” out of a pool of money amounting to 1.5 street lights, percent of the project cost. a new road, The project has also provided affected people with generous compensation – Bayal, the settlement nearest the Rampur a bridge and more than five times the usual rate – and powerhouse, now has a new dispensary, a irrigation counselled them to spend the money wisely. post office, street lights, irrigation channels, channels Many families have used the money to buy concrete mountain paths, a new road, and a among other more land, plant new orchards, or invest in bridge across the river. facilities cars and taxis to generate new sources of Temples have been renovated and community income. halls built. “We really needed a new village hall In a first-of-its-kind benefit-sharing practice, as there is little open space in our mountains the project will set aside one percent of its for holding weddings and other community profits to provide all affected families with an events,” said Meenakshi Negi, the former Below: annual cash income. These families will also Workers and have the right to receive over 100 units of engineers free electricity each month, with the option battled odds of converting this into cash if they choose to to dig the do so. 15 km tunnel The World Bank in India • July 2014 12 3 The project has helped upgrade local community infrastructure like footbridge (see alongside for before and after) and footpaths (see bottom right of previous page) village Pradhan of Bayal. “Now we can Building future generations conduct wedding ceremonies with ease.” The project is also helping build new lives for “The project has changed our lives,” said future generations. Bright students as well as Biju Rao. “Earlier the road was one and a those from poor families are being awarded half kilometers away. Now, if a person falls ill scholarships from project funds. “My family at night, we can call for an ambulance right used to find it difficult to pay from my school at our doorstep. And heavy provisions and books,” said Manish, a high school student fodder can be carried home very easily.” from Dutt Nagar village. “We have no such With connectivity being crucial for remote worries now.” mountain villages, the project has also Principal Krishan Negi too is pleased. “We constructed a new bus stand at Rampur were never able to provide our students with town. Apart from benefitting the villages much. Now they have been given ‘exposure’ around, the bus stand will make it easier to the outside world, and we can provide for tourists to attend the traditional local them with a number of new facilities as well fair – a big draw for farmers, craftsmen, as opportunities to play games.” and performers who have long flocked to the annual event from far and wide, drawn New livelihoods by its renowned markets, music, fun and abundance of local color. To bring immediate benefits to the local people, village men have been given Outlying villages are not being left out either. preferential employment in construction New bus A medical van has begun to do the rounds works, enabling them to earn very well by depot in in bringing free medical care to the old and providing vehicles for project use, or by Rampur town infirm, who would otherwise have spent a day working as construction labor or drivers. constructed in travelling to Rampur or the state capital at by SJVNL Shimla for treatment. In addition, a number of young men and women have been given vocational training and on-the-job training; more than 250 youngsters are now equipped with skills to help them find better jobs. Women have been taught to sew, enabling them to earn a living from home, and school children have been trained in computers. “Earlier, our children had to go to Rampur to learn how to use a computer,” said Negi, the former Pradhan of Bayal. “Now they can do simple things on the computer at home.” 12 4 The World Bank in India • July 2014 Construction debris was disposed in a manner such that it did not scar the mountainside or obstruct the river’s natural flow Safeguarding the Benefitting the state and environment the people The project has taken equal care in While the electricity generated will flow into protecting the fragile Himalayan environment. India’s national grid, Himachal Pradesh, the Construction debris was disposed of in a host state, will also gain substantially. The manner that did not scar the mountainside or state will receive twelve percent of the power obstruct the river’s natural flow; it was also generated free-of-cost, enabling it to meet reused in new construction. the growing energy needs of its people. Disposal sites are now being planted over Looking back over the decade-long with trees. “In ten years’ time you won’t be journey, Gupta, the project director able to tell where the debris was disposed recounted: “The Rampur project has given of,” said Gupta, the project director, us a huge sense of achievement. The new Below left: (Change background colour as needed) confidently. social and environmental practices are Once filled helping improve the hydropower industry’s the muck To ensure the river’s continued flow, more standards across India. And we, too, have dumping than 100,000 trees have been planted learnt a great deal.” sites are in the catchment area. And, a minimum being planted flow of water is being ensured at all times with local to preserve the river’s delicate aquatic vegetation balance. The World Bank in India • July 2014 12 5 Development Dialogue Five-point plan to clean the Ganga Cleaning the Ganga will require high-level political will that is sustained over many years, or even decades, says Onno Ruhl, World Bank Country Director in India and Genevieve Connors, World Bank’s Senior Water Resource Specialist. T he recent flurry of attention and elevated commitment to rejuvenation of the Ganga is most welcome. Nowhere in the world has to Varanasi, a clear plan would prioritize the pollution hot spots and the investments with the greatest impact. Cleaning is expensive the cleaning and conservation of a major and no country has attempted clean-up river, lake, or bay occurred without high-level at India’s level of GDP (gross domestic political will that is sustained over many product) per capita. From 1970 to 1990, years, often decades. This will be particularly the five countries that share the Rhine crucial considering the staggering scale spent about $50 billion on communal and of the Ganga: a river that is 2,500km long, industrial waste-water treatment plants. In binds five states together along its main stem 2007, China vowed to spend more than $14 and eleven in its entire basin, and channels billion on Lake Tai, its third-largest freshwater the domestic, industrial, and agricultural lake. Scarce resources must be allocated waste generated by more than 500 million to investments with the highest returns. The people. But what else is needed to clean this government of India has already taken the iconic river and its mighty basin? Based on important first step of adopting a river-basin global experience, here are five things the approach. A consortium of seven IITs has government may consider in preparation of just submitted a draft Ganga River Basin its new plans: Management Plan which contains many excellent background papers. Preparing a basin plan, that guides investment and choices, will be an important Second, measurement will be critical. One first step. Apart from an obvious focus on cannot manage what one does not know. the critically polluted stretch from Kanpur The paucity of credible and reliable water 6 The World Bank in India • July 2014 quality data on the Ganga must be rectified. Fourth, engaging and mobilizing all The global experience shows that we need stakeholders. The Ganga’s constituents are good data, including, for example, on the its inhabitants, its champions, its religious share of point source versus non-point leaders, its elected representatives, and all source pollution and on the share of the the people who value it as a cleaner river. pollution-load generated by cities versus People must be part of development and industries. The International Commission every successful clean-up program has for the Protection of the Danube River, tapped this crucial resource. This is worth for example, has prioritized measurement investing in. In Australia, the Murray Darling and assessment, and constituted several Basin Authority estimates that almost 20% expert groups to advise it in this regard. of its annual resources have been committed In the Ganga, real-time water quality to this kind of work. Regular reporting on monitoring would provide a baseline from goals and on progress, reaching out to youth which to measure improvements and inject and schools, encouraging participation in transparency in reporting. water quality testing and social audits, and promoting behavior change are all examples Third, getting the institutions right. of how far reaching this can be. Riverfront Leadership, autonomy, and professional development—including ghats, parks, and management are needed. The global other public spaces—is also critical, bringing experience shows that, as an implementation people closer to water and increasing their task, river-cleaning should be de-linked from affiliation and respect for its cleanliness and line ministries charged with policymaking flow. and regulation and given, instead, to smaller, professionally managed river basin Fifth, rejuvenation requires equal attention to organizations. Cities need to be strengthened quality and quantity. The old adage that “the as ultimately they will be the custodians of solution to pollution is dilution” is partly true. the assets being created: sewerage networks, In 2013, the visible improvement in water treatment plants, riverfront development quality in Allahabad during the Maha Kumbh schemes, and solid waste management Mela was, in part, the result of additional systems. Many cities in the Ganga basin releases from the barrage upstream. This are particularly weak, with limited financial begs a basin-scale plan in which inter- powers, weak revenue generation, and poorly sectoral trade-offs is analyzed and water is managed utilities. In addition to current allocated according to greatest need and strategies, such as the piloting of 10-year societal values. Today, 90% of the water in Design Build Operate contracts to improve the basin is used for irrigation at some of the sustainability, one way forward is to partner lowest productivity levels in the world. Much a Ganga rejuvenation program with a smart could be achieved by improving agricultural cities program, and to pick a few iconic cities efficiency and reallocating water to higher in which to pilot reforms, cluster investments, value uses, including river health. This is and show results. particularly important for a large and complex water system that is highly seasonal with 90% of rainfall generated in three months and with a long lean season of slow run-off and marginal glacier melt. Since 2011, the World Bank has been providing financial and technical assistance to the government of India through the National Ganga River Basin Project. (Change background The recent groundswell of support for rejuvenation of this great river and the global experience fill us with hope that a rejuvenated Ganga program can achieve real results. This article was originally published in the Mint newspaper on 19 June 2014. The World Bank in India • July 2014 7 ICR Update T his is a short summary of the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) of a recently- closed World Bank project. The full text of the ICR is available on the Bank’s website. To access this document, go to www.worldbank.org/reference/ and then opt for the Documents & Reports section. First Statistical Strengthening Project Policy Area Coordination and Leadership of the 1 National Statistical System Policy Area Increasing Support from the Center 2 to the States Policy Area Strengthening Capacity and Performance of 3 the State Statistical Systems Policy Area Improving Coverage, Quality, Timeliness and 4 Credibility of Statistics Generated by states Context First Statistical Strengthening Project India has been a pioneer in the collection and use of statistics for national development Approval Date: 1 June, 2010 and has one of the largest and most Closing Date: 30 June, 2011 extensive statistics systems in the world. Post liberalization of the economy in 1991, Total Project Cost: US$M 135 there was a shift from a centralized planning model to a more liberal and decentralized Bank Financing: US$M 107 model of development with greater private Implementing Ministry of Statistics sector involvement. These changes and Agency: and Programme reforms required enhanced statistical data to Implementation, support effective policy and decision making Government of India at all levels. The Government recognized the Outcome: Moderately need for a more responsive and transparent Satisfactory statistical system. Risk to Development Moderate Outcome: Project Development Objectives The objective of the Statistical Strengthening Overall Bank Satisfactory Loan was to support a national policy to Performance: reform the institutional structure and to Overall Borrower Moderately improve the operational efficiency of the state Performance: Satisfactory statistical systems. 12 8 The World Bank in India • July 2014 The Loan supported a nation-wide scheme resources and supported the institutions to called the India Statistical Strengthening maintain the reforms such as appointing the Project (ISSP), with the following four main Chief Statistician to lead the process or reviving policy areas: the Conference of Central and State Statistical Organizations (COCSSO). The development of l Strengthening the institutions of leadership the National Strategic Statistical Plan (NSSP), and coordination of the national statistical and the agreed timetable for its revision in system. 2012, also signals the Government’s continued l Improving and increasing the support to commitment to reforms. the statistical systems of states and union territories. The slippages in achieving targets were largely l Strengthening the capacity and from bottlenecks in capacity and the ability performance of the statistical systems. to transfer knowledge to states and union territories. l Improving the coverage, quality, timeliness and credibility of statistics generated. In the long run, with additional capacity building and knowledge transfer, ISSP Achievements framework can help improve collection of key The assessment of capacity and needs of statistical indicators as well as improve the states and union territories was completed overall statistical capacity at the state level. in 10 states against a target of 76 and was in progress in five states. In addition, draft rules Way ahead under the Collection of Statistics Act were The Indian Statistical Strengthening Project formulated. About 13 manuals were finalized was envisaged to be implemented in stages and posted on the Ministry of Statistics and in order to meet its targets through the 12th Program Implementation (MOSPI) website. Plan period. With the pre-implementation activities acquiring adequate pace, the While progress across the board was markedly implementation process is expected to gain slower than originally envisaged, and, greater momentum. (Change background therefore, many of the process indicators were only partially met (even well into 2011), tangible It is, therefore, necessary to not only continue progress was witnessed in all four policy areas. but also to sustain the schemes to achieve all The Government of India also committed its designated objectives in full measure. The World Bank in India • July 2014 12 9 Recent Project Approvals Mizoram State Roads II – Regional Transport Connectivity Project T he World Bank Board of Executive Director’s has approved a US$107 million credit for the Mizoram State Roads connectivity to Myanmar and the rest of East Asia and beyond. The impacts on trade and employment will be felt at two levels, intra- II – Regional Transport Connectivity Project state and between Mizoram and neighboring to improve transport connectivity for the states and countries, namely Bangladesh landlocked state of Mizoram and to help and Myanmar. open up the potential for regional trade The project will fund 91 km of roads that are among neighboring countries. The project will design-ready. Another 330 km of road works enhance Mizoram and other northeastern may be considered for a follow-on project states’ road links with Bangladesh, as well or additional financing when the designs are as with Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar. ready. The current project will fund detailed (Change background colour as needed) The link to Bangladesh will facilitate greater studies and designs for these roads (330 km) bilateral trade and access to the Port of mostly in the North-South corridor. Many of Chittagong – the nearest shipping port for these roads, to be taken up in the next phase, the northeastern region of India. The link will be greenfield projects. to the border with Myanmar will facilitate 10 The World Bank in India • July 2014 Recent Project Signings Third Elementary Education (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan III) T he Government of India and the World Bank have signed a US$1.006 billion (US$1006.20 million) credit agreement to improve education outcomes of elementary school children (covering Grades 1 to 8) in India. With more than 95 percent children now having access to schools, the thrust areas for SSA III will be on improving education quality to enhance learning outcomes, strengthen (Change background colour as needed) monitoring and evaluation to improve teacher accountability, and continue to enhance access and retention for disadvantaged children. Second Inclusive Green Growth and that ensures that growth is inclusive and Sustainable Development DPL in Himachal sustainable in Himachal Pradesh. It will help Pradesh HP bring in better policies and practices to guide the development of sustainable T he Government of India, the Government of Himachal Pradesh (GoHP), and the World Bank have signed a US$100 million hydropower; adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change; empower local communities to conserve their watersheds development policy loan (DPL) agreement better; promote cleaner methods of industrial to help Himachal Pradesh (HP), a mountain production; promote environmentally state richly endowed with natural resources, sustainable tourism; and integrate GIS in move towards a more environmentally decision making. sustainable model of economic growth. (Change background colour as needed) Efforts to achieve these goals were initiated This operation is the second DPL aimed under DPL I. DPL II will help the government at helping the state manage its natural ensure its effective implementation and resources across its key engines of growth completion. – energy, industry and tourism – in a manner The World Bank in India • July 2014 11 Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply and to help restore Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS) Project (Additional Sanitation (RWSS) schemes that were Financing) damaged following the severe floods and landslides that took place in Uttarakhand in T he Government of India, the Government of Uttarakhand and the World Bank have signed an agreement for a US$ 24 million June 2013. The additional financing will reconstruct and additional credit for the on-going Uttarakhand restore RWSS schemes that were partially Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project damaged. The closing date for the ongoing project will now be extended by 18 months from June 16, 2014 to December 31, 2015. It will finance the reconstruction and restoration of an estimated 2,622 damaged Single Village Schemes and 579 Multi Village Schemes; 3,338 Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs), 3,328 soak pits and 41,770 meters of drains. This will help restore RWSS (Change background colour as needed services for over a million rural people. As of December 31, 2013, the ongoing project has benefitted nearly 1.22 million people in about 7,000 rural habitations in 13 districts. Maharashtra Rural Water Supply and sanitation services for rural communities at Sanitation (RWSS) Program (Jalswarajya-II) an affordable cost and in an environmentally safe manner. Jalswarajya-II will help improve T he Government of India, the Government of Maharashtra and the World Bank have signed a US$165 million credit agreement the quality of water and sanitation services in about 40 peri-urban villages and increase access to safe drinking water in about 580 to help Maharashtra achieve its vision of water-stressed and water quality-affected ensuring safe drinking water and improved villages, covering about one million people in 12 selected districts. In addition, the entire rural population in the state is expected to benefit from efforts to improve the capacity of its various RWSS institutions. The World Bank’s earlier Jalswarajya-I Project (Change background colour as need (2003-2009) benefited 6.7 million people with improved water services, and about 61% of the gram panchayats in the project area have become Open Defecation Free (ODF). 12 The World Bank in India • July 2014 Accelerating Universal Access to Early and Revised National Tuberculosis Control Effective Tuberculosis Care Project Program (RNTCP). It will support India’s National Strategic Plan for TB Control by T he Government of India and the World Bank have signed a US$100 million credit agreement to support India’s efforts reaching more TB patients with earlier and more effective care in the public and private sectors; scaling-up and improving diagnosis at achieving universal access to quality (Change background colour as needed) and treatment for multi-drug resistant (MDR) diagnosis and treatment for people suffering TB; and helping integrate public sector TB from tuberculosis (TB). services with the government’s primary health The project is the third in a series of projects care system. supporting the Government of India’s Uttarakhand Decentralized Watershed A major focus of the project will be on Development II Project catchment area treatment of about 219,000 ha of non-arable land, ranging in elevation T he Government of India, the Government of Uttarakhand and the World Bank have signed a US$ 121.20 million credit agreement from 700 m to 2,700 m above sea level. This is expected to rejuvenate the natural resource base by significantly reducing soil erosion to support Uttarakhand’s efforts to build and runoff loss of rainwater, improve ground sustainable watershed treatment models to water recharge, and reduce sediment load improve agricultural productivity in rain fed in the rivers flowing through Uttarakhand. areas of the state. The project will finance construction of water harvesting structures and small irrigation systems on 40,000 ha of arable land developed at the gram panchayat (local body) level. Some of the key components of the project include mobilizing the gram panchayats to develop agriculture and other income generating activities; construct and rehabilitate, among others, check dams, ponds, irrigation channels and tanks, and (Change background colour as needed) roof water harvesting structures; develop agribusinesses in high-value crops; and strengthen the institutional capacity to monitor and evaluate the project. Bihar Integrated Social Protection of social welfare and rural development Strengthening Project respectively, at the state, district and block levels. It will strengthen the delivery T he Government of India, the Government of Bihar and the World Bank have signed a US$ 84 million credit agreement to deliver of MGNREGS, Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), Social Pensions and programs for care and rehabilitation of older persons, persons better quality, timely and effective social with disabilities and widows; standardize protection (SP) programs for the poor and procedures and tools for effective vulnerable people in Bihar. management of the benefits process; create (Change background colour as needed) This project will improve the capacity of a Bihar State Resident Registry (BSRR) the State Society for Ultra-Poor and Social to track beneficiaries of selected social Welfare (SSUPSW) and the Bihar Rural protection schemes; and strengthen financial Development Society (BRDS) – the program management. implementation arms of the departments The World Bank in India • July 2014 13 New Additions to the Public Information Center T his is a select listing of recent World Bank publications, working papers, operational documents and other information resources that are now available at the New Delhi Office Public Information Center. Policy Research Working Papers, Project Appraisal Documents, Project Information Documents and other reports can be downloaded in pdf format from ‘Documents and Reports’ at www.worldbank.org India Publications Publications may be consulted and copies of unpriced items obtained from: More Power to India: The Challenge of Distribution The World Bank PIC By Sheoli Pargal and The Hindustan Times House (Press Block) Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee 18-20, Kasturba Gandhi Marg Available: On-line New Delhi – 110 001, India Directions in Development – Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753 Energy in Mining Website: www.worldbank.org English; 255 pages Facebook: www.facebook.com/WorldBankIndia Published June, 2014 Email: indiapic@worldbank.org by World Bank Report No. 88906 PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTOR This report is a review of Viva Books Pvt Ltd the Indian power sector 4737/23 Ansari Road, Daryaganj across key areas of access, utility performance, New Delhi – 110 002 and financial sustainability. The study has identified Tel: +91-11-4224 2200 electricity distribution to the end consumer as the weak Fax: +91-11-4224 2240 link in the sector. The report recommends freeing utilities Email: vivadelhi@vivagroupindia.net and regulators from external interference, increasing accountability, and enhancing competition in the sector Other Preferred Stockist in India in order to move it to a higher level of service delivery. Anand Associates 1219 Stock Exchange Tower 12th Floor, Dalal Street Promoting renewable energy through auctions: The Mumbai – 400 023 case of India Tel: +91-22-2272 3065/66 By Ashish Khana and Email: thrupti@vsnl.com Luiz Barroso Website: www.myown.org Fax: +91-11-2610 0573 (New Delhi) Available: On-line Fax: +91-80-4128 7582 (Bangalore) English; 8 pages Published 13 June, Allied Publishers Pvt Ltd 2014 by World Bank Tel: +91-22-2261 7926/27 Report No. 88698 Email: mumbai.books@alliedpublishers.com This knowledge note singles out auctions as an Website: www.alliedpublishers.com important mechanism that has been implemented in a growing number of countries in recent decades. It Bookwell features a case study of auctions designed to promote 24/4800 Ansari Road, the generation of electricity from renewable sources in Daryaganj New Delhi – 110 002 India. Under the National Solar Mission, auctions have Tel: +91-11-2326 8786; 2325 7264 been implemented with good results in a variety of Email: bookwell@vsnl.net settings. Lessons include the importance of clear ideas about key goals and objectives, and about areas where sacrifices can be made. Experience in several states has also underlined the importance of regulatory stability. 14 The World Bank in India • July 2014 Accelerating agricultural productivity growth South Asia Publications By Agriculture, Irrigation and Natural Resource Sustainable Development, South Asia Student Learning in South Asia: Challenges, Available: On-line Opportunities, and Policy Priorities English; 266 pages Published 17 June, 2014 by World Bank By Halil Dundar, Tara Report No. 88093 Beteille, Michelle Riboud and Anil Deolalikar In the past 50 years, Indian agriculture has undergone Price: $44.95, English, a major transformation, from dependence on food Directions in Development – aid to becoming a consistent net food exporter. The Human Development gradual reforms in the agricultural sector (following the Paperback; 418 pages broader macro-reforms of the early 1990s) spurred some Published May 22, 2014 unprecedented innovations and changes in the food by World Bank sector driven by private investment. These impressive ISBN: 978-1-4648-0160-0 achievements must now be viewed in light of the policy SKU: 210160 and investment imperatives that lie ahead. Agricultural growth has improved in recent years (averaging about For the past decade, most South Asian countries 3.5 percent since 2004-05), but at a long-term trend rate have aimed to achieve universal access to elementary of growth of 3 percent, agriculture has underperformed education. These investments have led to more children relative to its potential. The pockets of post-reform being retained in school but have not translated into dynamism that have emerged evidently have not commensurate improvements in learning outcomes. reached a sufficiently large scale to influence the In Student Learning in South Asia: Challenges, sector’s performance. This relationship between longer- Opportunities, and Policy Priorities, the authors term strategic issues and contemporary concerns, comprehensively analyze the performance of South such as water resource management and food prices, Asian educational systems in terms of student learning. are highlighted in this study through the prism of productivity, but they too require further analysis to fully address the underlying issues. Building the Skills for Economic Growth and Competitiveness in Sri Lanka By Halil Dundar, Benoît Urbanization, gender, and business creation in the Millot, Yevgeniya Savchenko, informal sector in India Harsha Aturupane and By Ejaz Ghani, Ravi Kanbur and Stephen D.O’Connell Tilkaratne A. Piyasiri Available: On-line Price: $34.95, English; English; 6 pages Directions in Development: Published April, 2014 by World Bank Directions in Development – Report No. 87096 Human Development Paperback; 234 pages This economic premise examines the intersection of Published May 29, 2014 four important development themes: urbanization, by World Bank agglomeration, gender, and informality. Although ISBN: 978-1-4648-0158-7, urbanization has continued at a rapid pace, formalization SKU: 210158 appears to have stalled. Women comprise an increasing share of the informal sector in many countries, but Sri Lanka has made strong progress in economic are increasingly underrepresented in the formal sector growth and poverty reduction. Economic growth and relative to their presence in the informal sector. Firm- structural changes in the economy, however, make level evidence suggests informal enterprise creation, skills development imperative as Sri Lanka implements particularly by women, has important connections to its plan—the Mahinda Chintana—to become a regional urbanization. Female-specific market access, especially hub in strategic economic areas. Yet, skills shortages to inputs, is a key factor for women-owned enterprise and mismatches are widespread, and firms with creation in the informal sector. Given the persistence of undereducated employees and a shortage of skilled the informal sector, and given the importance of women- labor are less productive. In Building the Skills for owned enterprise creation for jobs and gender equity, Economic Growth and Competitiveness in Sri Lanka, more policy measures focused on enhancing access to the authors propose an effective skills development inputs for female-owned enterprises are important to system to help diversify the country’s economy, improve maximize women’s contributions to India’s economic its labor productivity and competitiveness, offer the growth. country the flexibility to compete effectively in the global economy, and further reduce poverty in the country. The World Bank in India • July 2014 15 Involving men in reproductive and fertility issues: WPS 6931 Insights from Punjab Does involvement of local NGOs enhance public service delivery? Cautionary evidence from a By Iram Kamran, Mumraiz Malaria-prevention evaluation in India Khan and Zeba Tasneem Available: On-line By Ashis Das, Jed Friedman and Eeshani Kandpal English; 62 pages Using data from an experimental supportive intervention Published 2014 by to India’s malaria control program, this paper studies World Bank the impact of leveraging local non-state capacity to Working Paper no: 85062 promote mosquito net usage and recommended fever Drawing on three sources, care-seeking patterns. The supportive activities were a 2013 qualitative study conducted simultaneously by three nongovernmental in four districts of Punjab organizations in two endemic districts in the state of province; a targeted analysis of the baseline and end Odisha. line surveys of the Family Advancement for Life and The study finds that the program impact varied Health (FALAH 2007-2012) project; and the Pakistan significantly by location. Examining three potential Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) of 1990-1991 sources of this variation (differential population and of 2006-2007, this study explores Pakistani characteristics, differential health worker characteristics, (especially Punjabi) couples’ dynamics during their and differential implementer characteristics), the analysis decision processes on fertility intentions and practices, provides evidence that both population and non- along with community perceptions of male-focused governmental organization characteristics significantly interventions as well as men’s suggestions for future affected the success of the program. intervention strategies. It finds that men in Punjab seem now more concerned about their fertility intentions and practices due to the financial challenges of raising large WPS 6919 families. This concern has not only increased spousal Regional diversity and inclusive growth in Indian communication about family size and contraceptive use cities but has also encouraged Punjabi men to practice family planning. By Ejaz Ghani, William R. Kerr and Ishani Tewari This paper examines the employment growth of Indian India: Policy Research Working Papers districts from 2000 to 2010 in the manufacturing and services sectors. Specialization and diversity metrics that combine industries in both sectors are calculated WPS 6850 and related to subsequent job growth. The analysis Fiscal policy as an instrument of investment and finds robust and consistent evidence that the diversity growth of industries in the district across the two sectors links By Kaushik Basu to subsequent job growth. Somewhat surprisingly, this link finds its strongest expression outside typical This paper investigates the role of fiscal guarantees in stories about the role of diversity. For example, the promoting infrastructure investment. Infrastructure is growth is strongest in rural areas of districts and in a critical driver of economic growth, but infrastructure districts with low population density. Diversity correlates entails significant up-front costs that yield benefits after with disproportionately higher employment growth a time lag. Investors hesitate to put their money down in the informal sector and plays a role in generating on private infrastructure ventures because of the long employment in the district’s smaller industries. These lag and governments do not give guarantees for reasons findings point toward the “inclusive” nature of diversity- of fiscal prudence. driven growth. The paper argues that governments and large investment guarantee agencies can in many situations give suitably-calibrated guarantees to private projects by WPS 6901 exploiting the fact that a guarantee on one project can Strengthening Malaria service delivery through reduce the risk of another one failing. The paper works supportive supervision and community mobilization out the architecture of such guarantees, which can be in an endemic Indian setting: An evaluation of nested fiscally prudent and yet boost investment, especially in delivery models infrastructure, and thereby promote growth. By Ashis Das, Jed Friedman, Eeshani Kandpal, GNV Ramana, R K Das Gupta, Madan M Pradhan and Ramesh Govindaraj This paper tests the effectiveness of two service delivery models designed to promote recommended 16 The World Bank in India • July 2014 behaviors, including prompt treatment seeking for The paper explores whether one of the largest programs febrile illness, in Odisha. The tested modules include in the world for women’s empowerment and rural supportive supervision of community health workers livelihoods, the Indira Kranti Patham in Andhra Pradesh, and community mobilization promoting appropriate has had an impact on the economic and social wellbeing health seeking. Program effects were identified through of households that participate in the program. The a randomized cluster trial comprising 120 villages from analysis uses panel data for 4,250 households from two two purposively chosen malaria-endemic districts. rounds of a survey conducted in 2004 and 2008 in five Significant improvements were measured in the reported districts. utilization of bed nets in both intervention arms vis-à-vis There are two major impacts. First, the Indira Kranti the control. Although overall rates of treatment seeking Patham program increased participants’ access to were equal across the study arms, treatment seeking loans, which allowed them to accumulate some assets from community health workers was higher. (livestock and durables for the poorest and nonfarm assets for the poor), invest in education, and increase total expenditures (for the poorest and poor). Women WPS 6883 who participated in the program had more freedom to What a difference a state makes: Health reform in go places and were less afraid to disagree with their Andhra Pradesh husbands; the women participated more in village By Sofi Bergkvist, Adam Wagstaff, Anuradha Katyal, meetings and their children were slightly more likely Prabal V. Singh and et.al. to attend school. Consistent with the emphasis of the program on the poor, the impacts were stronger This paper analyzes Andhra Pradesh’s Aarogyasri across the board for the poorest and poor participants scheme, which covers against the costs of around 900 and were more pronounced for long-term Scheduled high-cost procedures delivered in secondary and tertiary Tribe participants. No significant differences are found hospitals. Using a new household survey, the authors between participants and nonparticipants in some find that 80 percent of families are eligible, equal to maternal and child health indicators. about 68 million people, and 85 percent of these families know they are covered; only one-quarter, however, know Second, program participants were significantly more that the benefit package is limited. likely to benefit from various targeted government programs, most important the National Rural The study finds that, contrary to the rules of the Employment Guarantee Scheme, but also midday meals program, patients incur quite large out-of-pocket in schools, hostels, and housing programs. This was an payments during inpatient episodes thought to be important way in which the program contributed to the covered by Aarogyasri. In the absence of data and improved wellbeing of program participants. program design features that would allow for a rigorous impact evaluation, a comparison is made between Andhra Pradesh and neighboring Maharashtra over an Other Publications eight-year period spanning the scheme’s introduction. During this period, Maharashtra did not introduce any World Development Indicators 2014 at-scale health initiative that was not also introduced in Andhra Pradesh. The paper finds that Andhra Pradesh By World Bank recorded faster growth than Maharashtra (even after Price: $25.00 adjusting for confounders) in inpatient admissions per World Development capita (for all income groups) and in surgery admissions Indicators (among the poor only), slower growth in out-of-pocket English; Paperback; payments for inpatient care (in total and per admission, 136 pages but only among the better off), and slower growth in Published May 9, 2014 transport and outpatient out-of-pocket costs. The paper by World Bank argues that these results are consistent with Aarogyasri ISBN: 978-1-4648-0163-1 having the intended effects, but also with minor health SKU: 210163 initiatives in Andhra Pradesh (especially the ambulance World Development Indicators 2014 provides a program) playing a role. compilation of relevant, high-quality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. WPS 6841 Women’s empowerment and socio-economic Six themes are used to organize indicators – world view, outcomes: Impacts of the Andhra Pradesh rural people, environment, economy, states and markets, and poverty reduction program global links. As in past editions, World view reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals By G. Prennushi and A. Gupta (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. The World Bank in India • July 2014 17 Global Economic Prospects 2014: Shifting Priorities, The State of Social Safety Nets 2014 Building for the Future By World Bank Available: On-line Available: On-line English; Paperback; English; 332 pages 124 pages Published June, 2014 Published May 2014 by World Bank by World Bank Recovery in high-income The State of Social Safety countries is gaining Nets 2014 begins a series momentum, despite first that will monitor and report quarter weakness in the on social safety nets in United States. Developed developing countries. This economies are expected to grow by 1.9 percent in 2014, first report in the series provides key social safety nets accelerating to 2.4 percent in 2015 and 2.5 percent in statistics and explains trends using information from 2016. The Euro Area is on target to grow by 1.1 percent 146 countries, including detailed household survey data this year, while the United States economy, which from 69 countries in the World Bank’s Atlas of Social contracted in the first quarter due to severe weather, is Protection: Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE) expected to grow by 2.1 percent this year (down from database. the previous forecast of 2.8 percent). This report reviews important policy and practical The global economy is expected to pick up speed as developments in social safety net programs and the year progresses and is projected to expand by 2.8 highlights emerging innovations. While the primary focus percent this year, strengthening to 3.4 and 3.5 percent is on developing and emerging countries, it also includes in 2015 and 2016, respectively. High-income economies some references to high-income settings. will contribute about half of global growth in 2015 and 2016, compared with less than 40 percent in 2013. Diversified Development: Making the Most of Natural Resources in Eurasia East Asia Pacific at Work: Employment, Enterprise, By Indermit S. Gill, Ivailo and Well-being Izvorski, Willem van Eeghen By World Bank and Donato De Rosa Price: $29.95 Price: $45.00, English World Bank East Asia and Europe and Central Asia Pacific Regional Report Flagship English; Paperback; Paperback; 398 pages 332 pages Published February 26, Published May 7, 2014 2014 by World Bank by World Bank ISBN: 978-1-4648-0119-8 ISBN: 978-1-4648-0004-7 SKU: 210119 SKU: 210004 Eurasian economies have in many ways become less diversified during the past two decades. At the same East Asia Pacific At Work argues that governments in time, people are much better off today than they were the region will have to actively help markets sustain in the 1990s: poverty has been cut in half, incomes the well-being that people can expect from work. The have increased fivefold, and education and health have appropriate policy responses to these challenges are improved noticeably since the tumultuous days following to ensure macroeconomic stability and a regulatory the collapse of communism. Eurasia’s economies have framework that encourages the vitality and growth of, in become more efficient: they are more integrated with particular, small- and medium-size enterprises, where the global economy and more productive at home. The most people in the region work. The countries that are region has also become better at converting natural still mostly agrarian will need to focus more on raising wealth into productive capital; since the mid-2000s, it agricultural productivity, a vital but often overlooked step has built more in assets than the mineral wealth it has in the process of structural transformation. In urbanizing used up. countries, effective urban planning becomes critical, and better management and functioning of land markets, According to this report, most countries in Eurasia have transportation infrastructure, and delivery of services will yet to learn the main lesson from the experience of loosen constraints on the demand for labor and human resource rich countries in other parts of the world. What capital. distinguishes success from failure are the institutions to manage volatility, ensure high-quality education, and 18 The World Bank in India • July 2014 provide a competition regime that levels the playing field book, and mobile app. The database covers more than for enterprises. 1,200 indicators and spans more than 50 years. The 214 country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries and other economies Analyzing Food Security Using Household Survey with populations of more than 30,000. The 14 summary Data: Streamlined Analysis with ADePT Software tables cover regional and income group aggregates. Edited by Ana Moltedo, Nathalie Troubat, Michael Municipal Finances: A Handbook for Local Lokshin and Zurab Sajaia Governments Price: $29.95 English; Paperback; Edited by Catherine D. 264 pages Farvacque-Vitkovic and Published April 22, 2014 Mihaly Kopanyi by World Bank Price: $34.95 ISBN: 978-1-4648-0133-4 English; Paperback; SKU: 210133 528 pages Published June 13, 2014 The stand-alone software, ADePT-Food Security Module by World Bank (available for free downloading), was developed to ISBN: 978-0-8213-9830-2 produce food security indicators from food consumption SKU: 19830 data collected in household surveys. These indicators, derived at the national and subnational levels, include The Municipal Finance Handbook is about municipal the consumption of calories and macronutrients, the finances to help local government practitioners, availability of micronutrients and amino acids, the particularly staff of medium and large cities, in improving distribution of calories and the proportion of people strategic management. undernourished. The book focuses on the theory, The book gives examples with numeric illustrations, methodology, and analysis of these indicators. summary comparative tables, and cases on what has worked and what has not. Trade and Transport Corridor Management Toolkit By Charles Kunaka and Information and Communications in the Chinese Robin Carruthers Countryside: A Study of Three Provinces Price: $34.95 By Michael Minges, English; Paperback; Kaoru Kimura, Natasha 410 pages Beschorner, Robert Davies Published May 7, 2014 and Guanqing Zhang by World Bank Price: $29.95, English; ISBN: 978-1-4648-0143-3 World Bank Studies SKU: 210143 Paperback; 96 pages This Toolkit synthesizes the experiences of the World Published May 6, 2014 Bank and other development agencies in assessing, by World Bank designing, implementing, and evaluating the impact of ISBN: 978-1-4648-0204-1 trade and transport corridor projects. SKU: 210204 Information and Communications in the Chinese Countryside: A Study of Three Provinces considers The Little Data Book 2014 the impact from investments in rural ICT in selected By World Bank provinces, and what can be learned from these Price: $19.95 experiences. It identifies the key drivers of demand for World Development Indicators ICT services from the perspective of the rural population, English; Paperback; 246 pages and highlights some innovative approaches taken to Published May 7, 2014 by World Bank use ICT for agricultural productivity enhancement. A ISBN: 978-1-4648-0165-5 notable feature of the report is an assessment of the role SKU: 210165 of public libraries whose network extends from major metropolitan centers all the way to the village level. The Little Data Book 2014 is a pocket edition of World Development Indicators 2014. It is intended as a quick reference for users of the World Development Indicators database, The World Bank in India • July 2014 19 Closing the Feedback Loop: Can Technology Bridge Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programs the Accountability Gap? around the World: Dimensions for Success Edited by Björn-Sören and By Alexandria Valerio, Brent Savita Bailur Parton and Alicia Robb Price: $39.95 Price: $35.00 Directions in Development – Directions in Development – Public Sector Governance Human Development English; Paperback; English; Paperback; 328 pages 284 pages Published May 22, 2014 Published May 6, 2014 by World Bank by World Bank ISBN: 978-1-4648-0191-4 ISBN: 978-1-4648-0202-7 SKU: 210191 SKU: 210202 The book showcases methods for community and The study finds that EET today consists of a crisis mapping across the globe, provides example of heterogeneous mix of programs that can be broken citizen-feedback mechanisms, and analyzes the World into two groups: entrepreneurship education and Bank’s experiences in ICT-enabled citizen engagement. entrepreneurship training. These programs target Introducing the Loch Ness model the study shows how a range of participants, from secondary and post- technologies contribute to shrinking the gap, why the secondary education students to potential and gap remains open in many cases, and what can be done practicing entrepreneurs. to help close it. The study finds that a focus on skills and business practices, though unlikely to transform an enterprise in the near term, may accrue benefits to entrepreneurs Building Resilience to Climate Change in South over time. Caucasus Agriculture Edited by Nicolas Ahouissoussi, James E. Finland as a Knowledge Economy 2.0: Lessons on Neumann and Jitendra P. Policies and Governance Srivastava Edited by Kimmo Halme, Price: $35.00 Ilari Lindy, Kalle A. Piirainen, Directions in Development Vesa Salminen and Justine – Agriculture and Rural White Development Price: $29.95, English; English; Paperback; Directions in Development – 164 pages Information and Published May 6, 2014 Communication Technologies by World Bank Paperback; 182 pages ISBN: 978-1-4648-0214-0 Published April 21, 2014 SKU: 210214 by World Bank Undertaken in collaboration with policymakers, farmers, ISBN: 978-1-4648-0194-5 and civil society organizations in Armenia, Azerbaijan, SKU: 210194 and Georgia, the analysis in the book demonstrates In spite of its remoteness, relative scarcity of natural that investments in irrigation infrastructure and on-farm resources, smallness of the home market and recent technologies have great potential to raise agricultural history characterized by wars and social cleavages, productivity and improve the climate resilience of the Finland transformed itself from an agriculture-based sector. Demand-side agricultural water management economy in the 1950’s into one of the leading will have high short-term payoffs, and these payoffs innovation-driven, knowledge-based economies and are complementary to the success of long-term high-tech producers in the twenty-first century. irrigation, drainage, and other infrastructure investments. Strengthening the disaster risk management strategies Finland Knowledge Economy 2.0 presents some of the beyond agricultural measures is also needed, to help key policies, elements, initiatives and decisions behind mitigate household exposure to extreme events, Finland’s path into the Knowledge Economy of today. especially for the poorest individuals, who are the most vulnerable. 20 The World Bank in India • July 2014 The Missing Link in Sanitation Service Delivery: A Structuring Private-Sector Participation (PSP) Review of Fecal Sludge Management in 12 Cities Contracts for Small Scale Water Projects: Water and Sanitation Program: Toolkit Available: on-line Creating sustainable services through domestic Publish: April 2014, Pages: 8 private sector participation Globally, the great majority of urban dwellers, especially By Victoria Rigby Delmon poor people, rely on non-sewered sanitation systems. May 2014 These generate a mix of solid and liquid wastes generally termed “fecal sludge.” For many cities in developing The purpose of this new toolkit, Structuring Private- countries, inadequate fecal sludge management Sector Participation (PSP) Contracts for Small Scale generates significant negative public health and Water Projects, is to provide guidance to water environmental risks. authorities who intend to contract private operators, and sector professionals assisting such authorities, on This study outlines a preliminary assessment of these how to structure a contract and bidding documents for issues and the major constraints that need to be the private sector. overcome to improve fecal sludge management. The study covers 12 cities representing various regions, sizes, types, and levels of service delivery. India Project Documents Efficient & Sustainable City Bus Services Citizen-Centric Service Delivery Reform Date 09 June 2014 Date 15 May 2014 Project ID P132418 Project ID P150308 Report No. ISDSA8724 (Integrated Safeguards Report No. ISDSC6659 (Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet – Appraisal Stage) Data Sheet – Concept Stage ISDSC1453 (Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet – Concept Stage) Karnataka Multisectoral Nutrition Pilot Project E4577 (Environmental Assessment) Date 14 May 2014 PIDC660 (Project Information Project ID P149811 Document) Report No. 88680 (Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet) Uttaranchal Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project Uttarakhand Disaster Recovery Project Date 08 June 2014 Date 07 May 2014 Project ID P083187 Project ID P146653 Report No. 88541(Procurement Plan 4 Vol.) Report No. 87959(Procurement Plan) Greening the Energy Mix in DVC Sustainable Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Date 05 June 2014 Change Project Project ID P147818 Date 30 April 2014 Report No. ISDSC8329 (Integrated Safeguards Project ID P132623 Data Sheet – Concept Stage) Report No. E4470 (Environmental Assessment) PIDC5647 (Project Information Document- Concept Stage) Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor Project - II Date 22 April 2014 Karnataka Panchayat Strengthening II Project ID P131765 Date 30 May 2014 Report No. 87667 (Board Summary) Project ID P150288 Report No. PIDC6568 (Project Information Document- Concept Stage) The World Bank in India • July 2014 21 Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Partial Risk Sharing Facility for Energy Efficiency Improvement Project Project Date 22 April 2014 Date 15 April 2014 Project ID P150520 Project ID P128921 Report No. PID5926 (Project Information Report No. E4558 (Environmental Assessment, Document) 2 Vol.) Third Elementary Education Project (SSA-III) Second Mizoram State Roads Regional Transport Connectivity Project Date 22 April 2014 Project ID P144447 Date 03 April 2014 Report No. PAD743 (Project Appraisal Document) Project ID P145778 Report No. 83244 (Project Appraisal Document) Second Development Policy Loan to Promote Inclusive Green Growth and Sustainable Technology Centre Systems Program Project Development in Himachal Pradesh Program Date 02 April 2014 Date 21 April 2014 Project ID P145502 Project ID P143032 Report No. 82484 (Project Appraisal Document) Report No. 87083 (Program Document) Second Madhya Pradesh District Poverty Initiatives Project Date 16 April 2014 Project ID P102331 Report No. 87731 (Procurement Plan) Event Report Launch More Power to India: The Challenge of Electricity Distribution 24 June, 2014 • New Delhi M ore Power to India: The Challenge of Electricity Distribution was recently launched in New Delhi. It’s a review of the power sector’s performance over the past two decades. Sheoli Pargal and Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, the report’s co-authors, presented the report’s findings to a group of India’s power experts in New Delhi. They pointed out that while the country has made huge strides in generation and transmission, the (Change background colour as needed) distribution segment – where power reaches the final consumer and revenues are generated – has incurred mounting losses and is affecting the entire value chain. 22 The World Bank in India • July 2014 From the Blogworld Putting more women to work in South Asia By Shobha Shetty C ontradictory trends in female labor force participation in South Asia continue to pose a puzzle for policymakers. On the one hand, Bangladesh’s ready-made garment industry, one of the mainstays of the national economy, has a high female labor participation rate of 85 percent. On the other hand, the female labor force participation rates continue to fall in India in spite of recent high economic growth. During my recent visit to Dhaka, I was once again reminded about the enormous challenges of tackling these issues. Read more: http://bit.ly/S9o2ce Between 1960 and 2012, the world average Development Challenges for Participatory Public fertility rate halved to 2.5 births per woman Delivery of Underground Water in Rural India By Emi Suzuki By Abhilaksh Likhi T here were more than 7 billion people on earth in 2013. While this is the highest number ever, the population growth rate has been steadily I ndia’s rapidly industrializing economy and urbanizing society pose a daunting challenge towards augmenting the limited supply of water declining, in part due to declining fertility rates. resources. No wonder that conflicts over competing uses and users of water, especially in rural areas, In 1960, women worldwide had an average of 5 are growing by the day. Agriculture, that uses eighty children. The rate has since halved, and in 2012, percent of the water resources with low efficiency, women had an average of 2.5 children across all is a case in point. Falling water table due to deep regions. drilling and groundwater contamination through While the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is declining discharge of untreated effluents is a serious problem. worldwide, different regions and countries have varying degrees of change. In 1960, women in South Therefore, in context of the climate change effects Asia had 6 children on average. Today, that is less that continue to upset weather patterns, efficient than half at 2.59. Sub-Saharan Africa has had a underground water management is extremely critical slower decline in fertility rates than other regions. for 200 million hectares of rainfed areas. This, infact, A woman in this area of the world had an average constitutes 62% of the geographical area of the of 5 children in 2012. This is the highest TFR in the country with the largest concentration of rural poverty world. spanning several agro ecological regions. Read more: http://tinyurl.com/llocj45 Read more: http://bit.ly/1iPVZej The World Bank in India • July 2014 23 World Bank Policy Research Working Papers WPS 6932 WPS 6921 Radio’s impact on preferences for patronage benefits The trade-reducing effects of restrictions on liner By Philip Keefer and Stuti Khemani shipping By Fabien Bertho, Ingo Borchert and Aaditya Mattoo WPS 6931 Does involvement of local NGOs enhance public WPS 6920 service delivery? Cautionary evidence from a Malaria- Why has energy efficiency not scaled-up in the prevention evaluation in India industrial and commercial sectors in Ukraine? An By Ashis Das, Jed Friedman and Eeshani Kandpal empirical analysis By Gal Hochman and Govinda R. Timilsina WPS 6930 Comparative advantage, international trade, and WPS 6919 fertility Regional diversity and inclusive growth in Indian cities By Quy-Toan Do, Andrei Levchenko and Claudio By Ejaz Ghani, William R. Kerr and Ishani Tewari Raddatz WPS 6918 WPS 6929 Institutions and firms’ return to innovation: Evidence Assessing energy price induced improvements in from the World Bank enterprise survey efficiency of capital in OECD manufacturing industries By Ha Nguyen and Patricio A Jaramillo By Jevgenijs Steinbuks and Karsten Neuhoff WPS 6917 WPS 6928 Do government private subsidies crowd out Confronting the food-energy-environment trilemma: entrepreneurship? Global land use in the long run By Asif Islam By Jevgenijs Steinbuks and Thomas W. Hertel WPS 6916 WPS 6927 Climate change, conflict, and cooperation: Global Economic development and female labor participation analysis of the resilience of international river treaties in the Middle East and North Africa: A test of the to increased water variability u-shape hypothesis By Shlomi Dinar, David Katz, Lucia De Stefano and Brian By Paolo Verme Blankespoor WPS 6926 WPS 6915 Who will feed China in the 21st century? Income Inequality of opportunity and economic growth: A growth and food demand and supply in China cross-country analysis By Emiko Fukase and Will Martin By Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Christoph Lakner, Maria Ana Lugo and Berk Ozler WPS 6925 Fifty years of urbanization in Africa: Examining the role WPS 6914 of climate change Export destinations and input prices By J. Vernon Henderson, Adam Storeygard and Uwe By Paulo Bastos, Joana Silva and Eric Verhoogen Deichmann WPS 6913 WPS 6924 Trade and cities World Bank lending and the quality of economic policy By Cem Karayalcin and Hakan Yilmazkuday By Lodewijk Smets and Stephen Knack WPS 6912 WPS 6923 The long-awaited rise of the middle class in Latin Poverty reduction and shared prosperity in Tajikistan: America is finally happening A diagnostic By Maurizio Bussolo, Maryla Maliszewska and Elie By Joao Pedro Azevedo, Aziz Atamanov and Alisher Murard Rajabov WPS 6911 WPS 6922 Economic inequality in the Arab region Institutional investors and long-term investment: By Nadia Belhaj Hassine Evidence from Chile WPS 6910 By Luis Opazo, Claudio Raddatz and Sergio L. Encouraging health insurance for the informal sector: Schmukler A cluster randomized trial By Adam Wagstaff, Ha Thi Hong Nguyen, Huyen Dao 24 The World Bank in India • July 2014 and Sarah Balesd WPS 6899 Private non-state sector engagement in the provision WPS 6909 of educational services at the primary and secondary Hybrid survey to improve the reliability of poverty levels in South Asia: An analytical review of its role in statistics in a cost-effective manner school enrollment and student achievement By Faizuddin Ahmed, Cheku Dorji, Shinya Takamatsu By Mahesh Dahal and Quynh Nguyen and Nobuo Yoshida WPS 6898 WPS 6908 What do we know about preferential trade agreements The price of empowerment: Experimental evidence on and temporary trade barriers? land titling in Tanzania By Chad P. Bown, Baybars Karacaovali and Patricia Tovar By Daniel Ayalew Ali, Matthew Collin, Klaus Deininger and et.al. WPS 6897 Private school participation in Pakistan WPS 6907 By Quynh Nguyen and Dhushyanth Raju The end of seasonality? New insights from Sub- Saharan Africa WPS 6896 By Jonathan Kaminski, Luc Christiaensen and Directing remittances to education with soft and Christopher L. Gilbert hard commitments: Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment and new product take-up among Filipino WPS 6906 migrants in Rome Agreeing on robust decisions: New processes for By Giuseppe De Arcangelis, Majlinda Joxhe, David decision making under deep uncertainty McKenzie and Dean Yang By Nidhi Kalra, Stephane Hallegatte, Robert Lempert, Casey Brown and et.al. WPS 6895 Does access to information empower the poor? WPS 6905 Evidence from the Dominican Republic Cross-border mergers and acquisitions in services: By Emmanuel Skoufias, Renata Narita and Ambar The role of policy and industrial structure Narayan By Alessandro Barattieri, Ingo Borchert and Aaditya Mattoo WPS 6894 Progress toward the health MDGs: Are the poor being WPS 6904 left behind? Child labor and learning By Adam Wagstaff, Caryn Bredenkamp and Leander R. By Patrick M. Emerson, Vladimir Ponczek and Andre Buisman Portela Souza WPS 6893 WPS 6903 Effects of interventions to raise voluntary enrollment Household cooking fuel choice and adoption of in a social health insurance scheme: A cluster improved cookstoves in developing countries: A randomized trial review By Joseph J. Capuno, Aleli D. Kraft, Stella Quimbo and By Sunil Malla and Govinda R Timilsina Jr. Carlos R. Tan WPS 6902 WPS 6892 Financial (dis-)information: Evidence from an audit The impact of a pay-for-performance scheme on study in Mexico prescription quality in rural China: An impact evaluation By Xavier Gine, Cristina Martinez Cuellar and Rafael By Xiaojie Sun, Xiaoyun Liu, Qiang Sun, Winnie Yip and Keenan Mazer et.al. WPS 6901 WPS 6891 Strengthening Malaria service delivery through Episodes of unemployment reduction in rich, middle- supportive supervision and community mobilization income, and transition economies in an endemic Indian setting: An evaluation of nested By Caroline Freund and Bob Rijkers delivery models By Ashis Das, Jed Friedman, Eeshani Kandpal, GNV WPS 6890 Ramana, R K Das Gupta, Madan M Pradhan and Ecosystems – burden or bounty? Ramesh Govindaraj By Richard Damania, Pasquale Lucio Scandizzo and A.J Glauber WPS 6900 Immigrant versus natives? Displacement and job WPS 6889 creation Updating the poverty estimates in Serbia in the By Caglar Ozden and Mathis Wagner absence of micro data: A microsimulation approach The World Bank in India • July 2014 25 By Alexandru Cojocaru and Sergio Olivieri WPS 6874 Urbanization as opportunity WPS 6888 By Brandon Fuller and Paul Romer Informal economy and the World Bank By Nancy Benjamin, Kathleen Beegle, Francesca WPS 6873 Recanatini and Massimiliano Santini Urban transport: Can public-private partnerships work? WPS 6887 By Eduardo Engel and Alexander Galetovic Mauritania: Counting on natural wealth for a sustainable future WPS 6872 By Gianluca Mele Analyzing urban systems: Have megacities become too large? WPS 6886 By Klaus Desmet and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg Cash transfers and temptation goods: A review of global evidence WPS 6871 By David K. Evans and Anna Popova Housing and urbanization in Africa: Unleashing a formal market process WPS 6885 By Paul Collier and Anthony J. Venables Proving incentives for long-term investment by pension funds: The use of outcome-based benchmarks WPS 6870 By Fiona Stewart Converting land into affordable housing floor space By Alain Bertaud WPS 6884 Rewarding provider performance to enable a healthy WPS 6869 start to life: Evidence from Argentina’s Plan Son preference, fertility and family structure: Evidence By Paul Nacer Gertler, Paula Giovagnoli and Sebastian from reproductive behavior among Nigerian women Martinez By Annamaria Milazzo WPS 6883 WPS 6868 What a difference a state makes: Health reform in Revenue potential, tax space, and tax gap: A Andhra Pradesh comparative analysis By Sofi Bergkvist, Adam Wagstaff, Anuradha Katyal, By Munawer Sultan Khwaja and Indira Iyer Prabal V. Singh and et.al. WPS 6867 WPS 6882 Beyond the income effect: Impacts of conditional cash Infrastructure: Doing more with less transfer programs on private investments in human By Jonathan Woetzel and Herbert Pohl capital By Marcio Cruz and Zacharias Ziegelhofer WPS 6881 Are cities the new growth escalator? WPS 6866 By Enrico Moretti International asset allocations and capital flows: The benchmark effect WPS 6880 By Claudio Raddatz, Sergio L. Schmukler and Tomas Entrepreneurship, public policy, and cities Williams By Josh Lerner WPS 6865 WPS 6879 The effect of aid on growth: Evidence from a quasi- The great migration: Urban aspirations experiment By Michael Keith By Sebastian Galiani, Stephen Knack, Lixin Colin Xu and WPS 6878 Ben Zou Sustainable and smart cities WPS 6864 By Matthew E. Kahn Income and energy consumption in Mexican WPS 6876 households Housing matters By Eduardo Rodriguez-Oreggia and Rigoberto Yepez- By Sonia Hammam Garcia WPS 6875 WPS 6863 Overview – the urban imperative: Toward shared A global assessment of human capital mobility: The prosperity role of non-OECD destinations By Edward Glaeser and Abha Joshi-Ghani By Erhan Artuc, Frederic Docquier, Caglar Ozden and Christopher Parsons 26 The World Bank in India • July 2014 WPS 6862 WPS6849 Sub-Saharan Africa’s recent growth spurt: An analysis Is Uruguay more resilient this time? Distributional of the sources of growth impacts of a crisis similar to the 2001/02 Argentine By Yoonyoung Cho and Bienvenue N. Tien crisis 
 By Oscar Barriga Argentine crisis Cabanillas, Maria Ana WPS 6861 Lugo, Hannah Nielsen and Carlos Rodriguez-Castelan CATA meets IMPOV: A unified approach to measuring financial protection in health WPS 6848 By Adam Wagstaff and Patrick Hoang-Vu Eozenou Cohort size and youth employment outcomes By David Newhouse and Claudia Wolff WPS 6860 Too small to regulate WPS 6847 By Kaushik Basu and Avinash Dixit Risks and opportunities of participation in global value chains WPS 6859 By Gary Gereffi and Xubei Luo Transition to clean capital, irreversible investment and stranded assets WPS 6846 By Julie Rozenberg, Adrien Vogt-Schilb and Stephane What drives the volatility of firm level productivity in Hallegatte, China? By Xubei Luo and Nong Zhu WPS 6858 The price is not always right: On the impacts of WPS 6845 (commodity) prices on households (and countries) Co-movement of major commodity price returns: By Daniel Lederman and Guido Porto Time-series assessment By Francesca de Nicola, Pierangelo De Pace and WPS 6857 Manuel A. Hernandez Technical measures to trade in Central America: Incidence, price effects, and consumer welfare WPS 6844 By Sinead Kelleher and Jose-Daniel Reyes What drives the high price of road freight transport in Central America? WPS 6856 By Theresa Osborne, Maria Claudia Pachon and Why don’t remittances appear to affect growth? Gonzalo Enrique Araya By Michael A. Clemens and David McKenzie WPS 6843 WPS 6855 Are there more female managers in the retail sector? Accelerating poverty reduction in a less poor world: Evidence from survey data in developing countries The roles of growth and inequality By Mohammad Amin and Asif Islam By Pedro Olinto, Gabriel Lara Ibarra and Jaime Saavedra-Chanduvi WPS 6842 Growth, inequality, and social welfare: Cross-country WPS 6854 evidence Gender and public goods provision in Tamil Nadu’s By David Dollar, Tatjana Kleineberg and Aart Kraay village governments By Kiran Gajwani and Xiaobo Zhang WPS 6841 Women’s empowerment and socio-economic WPS 6853 outcomes: Impacts of the Andhra Pradesh rural Employer voices, employer demands, and implications poverty reduction program for public skills development policy By G. Prennushi and A. Gupta By Wendy Cunningham and Paula Villasenor WPS 6840 WPS 6852 Toward economic diversification in Trinidad and Economic resilience: Definition and measurement Tobago By Stephane Hallegatte By Rohan Longmore, Pascal Jaupart and Marta Riveira WPS 6851 Cazorla Which World Bank reports are widely read? WPS 6839 By Doerte Doemeland and James Trevino Why liquidity matters to the export decision of the firm WPS 6850 By Rosanna Chan Fiscal policy as an instrument of investment and WPS 6838 growth Learning from financial crises By Kaushik Basu By Jamus Jerome Lim and Geoffrey Minne The World Bank in India • July 2014 27 The World Bank in India VOL 13 / NO 1 • July 2014 Public Information Center World Bank Depository The Hindustan Times House (Press Block) Libraries in India 18-20, Kasturba Gandhi Marg ◆ Annamalai University New Delhi - 110 001, India Annamalainagar Tel: +91-11- 4294 7000, Ext. 753 ◆ Centre for Studies in Social Contact: Sunita Malhotra Sciences Kolkata Email: indiapic@worldbank.org ◆ Giri Institute of Development Studies Lucknow ◆ Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune ◆ Guru Nanak Dev University Media Inquiries Amritsar The World Bank ◆ Indian Institute of 70, Lodi Estate Management New Delhi - 110 003 Ahmedabad Contact: Sudip Mozumder ◆ Indian Institute of Public Email: mediaindia@worldbank.org Administration New Delhi Tel: +91-11-4147 9220 ◆ Institute of Development (Change background colour as needed) Studies Jaipur ◆ Institute of Economic The World Bank Websites Growth New Delhi Main: www.worldbank.org ◆ Institute of Financial India: www.worldbank.org.in Management and Research Chennai Facebook: www.facebook.com/ WorldBankIndia ◆ Institute of Social and Economic Change Bangalore ◆ Karnataka University Dharwad ◆ Kerala University Library Thiruvananthapuram ◆ Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad ◆ Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur ◆ Punjabi University Patiala Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted. ◆ University of Bombay No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form Mumbai or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, ◆ Uttaranchal Academy of recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, Administration Nainital without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. Designed by Thoughtscape Design Studio, Delhi and printed by Sona Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, July 2014