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Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 The Little Green Data Book  2016 iii Acknowledgments The Little Green Data Book 2016 is based on World Development Indicators 2016 and its online database. Defining, gathering, and disseminating international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations. The indicators presented in World Development Indicators are the fruit of decades of work at many levels, from the field workers who administer censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties of the national and international statistical agencies that develop the nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the international statistical system. Nongovernmental organizations have also made important contributions. We are indebted to the World Development Indicators partners, as detailed in World Development Indicators 2016. The Little Green Data Book 2016 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice. Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Sonu Jain, Haruna Kashiwase, Esther Naikal, William Prince, Christopher Sall, Jomo Tariku, and Junhe Yang contributed to its preparation. Azita Amjadi coordinated the production of the book. Barton Matheson Willse & Worthington typeset the book. The work was carried out under the direction of Haishan Fu and Paula Caballero. Jewel McFadden, Nora Ridolfi, and Janice Tuten from The World Bank’s Publishing and Knowledge Division oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2016  The Little Green Data Book Foreword The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) came into force at the beginning of 2016. They build on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and articulate a new global development agenda to eradicate poverty and shift the world onto a sustainable development path by 2030. The SDGs are comprehensive, including goals on poverty reduction, education, health, environment, and peaceful and inclusive societies. The 17 SDGs and their 169 targets are designed as a web of inter-relationships and dependencies, where progress toward one goal can enhance progress in others. While only one of the MDGs was explicitly about environment (MDG7), the SDGs put the environment on par with economic and social concerns. The environment cuts across all the SDGs and is directly reflected in at least seven goals. The Little Green Data Book provides about 50 indicators for more than 200 countries. Several of these indicators have the potential to measure progress on the SDGs. These indicators measure the use of resources and the way human activities affect both the natural and the built environment. They include measures of natural resources (forest, water, and cultivable land) as well as degradation (pollution, deforestation, loss of habitat, and loss of biodiversity). Efficient use of natural resources Implementing the SDGs requires an understanding of the interdependencies between the economy and environment, including the impact the economy has on the long-term health of natural systems. For example, SDG 12 is about sustainable production and consumption patterns. Achieving sustainable economic growth and development requires that we urgently reduce our ecological footprint by changing the way we produce and consume goods and resources. One third of the world’s total energy is consumed by the food sector; but one third of all food that is produced is lost or wasted. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that if even one quarter of this lost food could be saved, it would be enough to feed 870 million people and substantially reduce adverse environmental impacts. Adjusted net savings (ANS), presented in the The Little Green Data Book, is an indicator of sustainability. It measures sustainability by expanding the conventional way we measure national savings to include natural resource depletion and degradation of the environment as well as investments in human capital. ANS is especially useful for countries that are heavily natural resource dependent and can help gauge whether they are balancing the depletion of their natural resources by investing rents in other forms of productive capital such as human capital (see Figure 1). Monitoring degradation Growing populations and expanding economies have placed greater demands on land, water, forests, minerals, and energy resources. Efforts to reduce The Little Green Data Book  2016 v Foreword Figure 1 Adjusted net saving, a measure of sustainability ANS takes into account investment in human capital, depreciation of fixed capital, depletion of natural resources, and pollution damage. Positive savings form the basis for building wealth and future growth. Savings rates below zero suggest declining wealth and unsustainable development. Over the past decade, the average ANS of low-income countries has hovered around or below zero. In contrast, the ANS of middle-income countries has been positive and steadily increasing over the past years. Adjusted net saving, 2000–14 25 20 15 % of GNI 10 5 0 –5 2000 2005 2010 Low-income Middle-income Source: World Development Indicators 2016. poverty and promote sustainable economic growth are undermined by the degradation of soils, the increasing scarcity of freshwater, the overexploitation of coastal ecosystems and fisheries, the loss of forest cover, long-term changes in the Earth’s climate, and the loss of biological diversity (see Figure 2). People in extreme poverty—the roughly 700 million living on less than $1.90 a day in purchasing power parity terms in 2015— are disproportionately affected by these changes. For example, poor air quality is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, claiming the lives of more than 5.5 million people in 2013. Starting in 2014, The Little Green Data Book included two new indicators on air pollution based on the latest improved methodology to measure exposure and health impacts. Where possible, estimates of the indicators are drawn from international sources and have been standardized to facilitate comparisons across countries. With a new, broader set of goals, targets, and indicators, the data requirements are even greater. This calls for greater investments in national statistical systems and other relevant public institutions, where much of the data will originate. vi 2016  The Little Green Data Book Foreword Figure 2 Dramatic loss of forest in two regions barely offset by gains elsewhere Crucial to both the health of the planet and its diverse species and to the livelihoods of one fifth of the human population, forests contribute to long-term economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental stability. Despite many efforts to protect these areas, deforestation continues. Afforestation and reforestation efforts need to acceler- ate to ensure forest sustainability as defined in SDG target 15.2. While some regions have steadily increased their forest coverage, Latin America and the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa have lost 97 million and 83 million hectares respectively over the past 25 years. More than 16 percent of Brazil’s original Amazonian forest has disap- peared with current rates of loss at 2 million hectares per year. Pres- sures on forests will continue with population growth, rapid urbaniza- tion, and demand for food, fiber, energy, and minerals. Change in forest area (millions of hectares), 1990–2015 East Asia & Paci c Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean Middle East & North Africa North America South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa –100 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization; World Development Indicators 2016. The Little Green Data Book is a result of close collaboration between the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice. We welcome suggestions on how to improve our future editions. Paula Caballero Haishan Fu Senior Director Director Environment and Natural Development Data Group Resources Global Practice The Little Green Data Book  2016 vii Data notes The data in this book are for the most recent year available as noted in the glossary. Growth rates are calculated as annual averages and represented as •  percentages. F igures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those •  specified in the glossary. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Lettered notes on country tables can be found in the Notes on page 230. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. The selection of indicators in these pages includes some of those being used to monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. For more information about the 17 goals—ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all by 2030—please see the other books and online resources in the World Development Indicators 2016 family of products. The cutoff date for data is April 26, 2016. viii 2016  The Little Green Data Book Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions for FY 16 and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa; Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Hong Kong SAR, China; Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Republic of Korea; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Macao SAR, China; Malaysia; Marshall Islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Mongolia; Myanmar; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Northern Mariana Islands; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Samoa; Singapore; Solomon Islands; Thailand; Timor- Leste; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Sint Marrten (Dutch part), St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Martin (French part), St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Virgin Islands (U.S.) Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen North America Bermuda, Canada, United States South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Green Data Book  2016 1 World Population (millions)7,259.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 129,736 GDP ($ billions) 77,960.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,799 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,971 Urban population (% of total) 53.4 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,254 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,886 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.8 Threatened species, mammals 3,309 Threatened species, birds 4,393 Threatened species, fish 7,819 Threatened species, higher plants 14,781 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 195,784   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.5 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.2 Coral reef area (sq. km) 284,300 Mangroves area (sq. km) 150,398 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,894 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,105 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,925 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91   Rural (% of rural population) 85   Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 68   Rural (% of rural population) 50   Urban (% of urban population) 82 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 32 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 87 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 43 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.7 2 2016  The Little Green Data Book East Asia & Pacific Population (millions) 2,264.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  24,387 GDP ($ billions) 21,468.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,731 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,038 Urban population (% of total) 55.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 922 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,947 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 26.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.6 Threatened species, mammals 891 Threatened species, birds 1,095 Threatened species, fish 1,430 Threatened species, higher plants 3,453 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 130,639   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) 203,050 Mangroves area (sq. km) 67,121 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,073 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,568 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 77.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,525 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.8   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 72 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94   Rural (% of rural population) 90   Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77   Rural (% of rural population) 64   Urban (% of urban population) 87 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 40 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 91 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 22.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 3 Europe & Central Asia Population (millions)  902.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  27,441 GDP ($ billions) 23,183.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,424 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 21,296 Urban population (% of total) 70.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 11,454 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,799 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.6 Threatened species, mammals 307 Threatened species, birds 633 Threatened species, fish 1,200 Threatened species, higher plants 1,136 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 17,916   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.0 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. Mangroves area (sq. km) .. Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,437 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 50.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.9 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,866 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.5   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 36 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98   Rural (% of rural population) 96   Urban (% of urban population) 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93   Rural (% of rural population) 89   Urban (% of urban population) 95 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 85 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.5 4 2016  The Little Green Data Book Latin America & Caribbean Population (millions)  626.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  20,042 GDP ($ billions) 6,253.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,912 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,314 Urban population (% of total) 79.6 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,755 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,127 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.3 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.3 Threatened species, mammals 640 Threatened species, birds 1,010 Threatened species, fish 1,527 Threatened species, higher plants 5,008 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13,956   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –4.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 20,320 Mangroves area (sq. km) 41,330 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,373 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,118 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 42.3 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 46.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.9 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 22,162 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 72 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95   Rural (% of rural population) 84   Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83   Rural (% of rural population) 64   Urban (% of urban population) 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 56 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.1 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 5 Middle East & North Africa Population (millions)  417.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  11,236 GDP ($ billions) 3,520.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,722 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,541 Urban population (% of total) 63.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,893 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,330 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.1 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.7 Threatened species, mammals 203 Threatened species, birds 279 Threatened species, fish 575 Threatened species, higher plants 259 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,782   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.8 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,470 Mangroves area (sq. km) 513 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,190 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,876 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 89.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 554 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 133.6   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 85 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93   Rural (% of rural population) 89   Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91   Rural (% of rural population) 87   Urban (% of urban population) 93 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 32 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.3 6 2016  The Little Green Data Book North America Population (millions)  354.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  18,241 GDP ($ billions) 19,210.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 54,879 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 46,170 Urban population (% of total) 81.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 69,457 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,867 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.0 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 50 Threatened species, birds 93 Threatened species, fish 313 Threatened species, higher plants 398 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6,421   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.4 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,620 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,030 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,943 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 13,239 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 61.7 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 15,993 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 9.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 38 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98   Urban (% of urban population) 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100   Rural (% of rural population) 100   Urban (% of urban population) 100 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 52 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 7 South Asia Population (millions) 1,721.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  4,772 GDP ($ billions) 2,588.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,496 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,314 Urban population (% of total) 32.6 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 57 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 714 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,066 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 17.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.6 Threatened species, mammals 249 Threatened species, birds 238 Threatened species, fish 353 Threatened species, higher plants 749 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 14,542   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.9   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.3 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 15,440 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10,343 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 550 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 673 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 78.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,152 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 51.6   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92   Rural (% of rural population) 91   Urban (% of urban population) 95 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 45   Rural (% of rural population) 35   Urban (% of urban population) 65 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 46 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.7 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.9 8 2016  The Little Green Data Book Sub-Saharan Africa Population (millions)  974.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  23,618 GDP ($ billions) 1,745.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,646 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,447 Urban population (% of total) 37.2 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 722 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,476 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.3 Threatened species, mammals 891 Threatened species, birds 876 Threatened species, fish 1,996 Threatened species, higher plants 3,645 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7,242   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.8   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 17.9 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.1 Coral reef area (sq. km) 17,980 Mangroves area (sq. km) 28,061 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 671 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 58.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 488 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 65.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 20.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,987 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 81 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 68   Rural (% of rural population) 56   Urban (% of urban population) 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30   Rural (% of rural population) 23   Urban (% of urban population) 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 21 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 82 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 83 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 9 Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Data Book is classified as low income, lower middle income, upper middle income, or high income. Note: Classifications are fixed during the World Bank’s fiscal year (ending on June 30), thus countries remain in the categories in which they are classified irrespective of any revisions to their per capita income data. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less in 2014. Lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $1,046 and $4,125. Upper middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $4,126 and $12,735. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,736 or more. 10 2016  The Little Green Data Book Low income Population (millions) 622.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 13,366 GDP ($ billions) 397.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 539 Urban population (% of total) 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 623 Threatened species, birds 610 Threatened species, fish 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 66   Rural (% of rural population) 56   Urban (% of urban population) 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 28   Rural (% of rural population) 23   Urban (% of urban population) 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 11 Lower middle income Population (millions) 2,878.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  20,327 GDP ($ billions) 5,781.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 1,079 Threatened species, birds 1,178 Threatened species, fish 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90   Rural (% of rural population) 87   Urban (% of urban population) 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 52   Rural (% of rural population) 42   Urban (% of urban population) 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.2 12 2016  The Little Green Data Book Upper middle income Population (millions) 2,360.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  40,947 GDP ($ billions) 18,958.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 916 Threatened species, birds 1,366 Threatened species, fish 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95   Rural (% of rural population) 91   Urban (% of urban population) 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80   Rural (% of rural population) 67   Urban (% of urban population) 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 13 High income Population (millions) 1,398.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  55,096 GDP ($ billions) 52,850.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 613 Threatened species, birds 1,070 Threatened species, fish 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99   Rural (% of rural population) 97   Urban (% of urban population) 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96   Rural (% of rural population) 93   Urban (% of urban population) 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.4 14 2016  The Little Green Data Book Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of Cyprus. Georgia GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Data for each country are shown separately where available. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro; these data are noted in the tables. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Transnistria. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. South Sudan and Sudan South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011. Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available. Data reported for Sudan exclude South Sudan unless otherwise noted. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2016 or data .worldbank.org. The Little Green Data Book  2016 15 Afghanistan Population (millions)  31.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  653 GDP ($ billions)  20.0 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 680 1,496 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 578 1,314 539 Urban population (% of total) 26.3 32.6 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 57 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 389 714 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,021 3,066 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.1 17.5 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.5 6.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 249 623 Threatened species, birds 17 238 610 Threatened species, fish 5 353 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 5 749 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.1 14,542 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0 1.9 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.4 7.3 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 2.3 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 550 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.3 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 673 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 78.5 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.4 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 1.4 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,491 1,152 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 43.0 51.6 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 99 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 55 92 66   Rural (% of rural population) 47 91 56   Urban (% of urban population) 78 95 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 32 45 28   Rural (% of rural population) 27 35 23   Urban (% of urban population) 45 65 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 22 46 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 100 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 91 53 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –4.6 30.7 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 9.6 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.8 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 1.6 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.8 1.0 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –18.3 18.9 0.5 16 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Albania 27 GDP ($ billions)  13.2 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,450 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,804 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 56.4 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 17.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,614 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,893 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 28.2 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.3 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 307 916 Threatened species, birds 10 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 44 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.2 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.0 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 15.9 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.5 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 800 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.7 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,531 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 100.0 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,294 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.9 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 39 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 95 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 95 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 90 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 96 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.0 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.5 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –1.6 9.5 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 17 Algeria Population (millions)  38.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  2,382 GDP ($ billions)  213.5 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,490 8,722 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,223 6,541 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 70.1 63.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 33 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,470 3,893 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,378 2,330 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.8 2.1 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.9 11.7 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 13 203 916 Threatened species, birds 14 279 1,366 Threatened species, fish 40 575 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 18 259 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 100 4,782 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.0 2.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.8 9.8 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 3.8 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,246 2,190 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,277 2,876 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 89.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 3.1 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.3 6.0 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 289 554 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 74.9 133.6 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 85 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 93 95   Rural (% of rural population) 82 89 91   Urban (% of urban population) 84 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 91 80   Rural (% of rural population) 82 87 67   Urban (% of urban population) 90 93 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 19 32 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 44.5 37.7 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.6 11.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 14.2 9.5 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 26.9 16.3 23.7 18 2016  The Little Green Data Book American Samoa Population (thousands) 55 Land area (sq. km)  200 GDP ($ millions)  .. Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 87.3 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 25 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 90.0 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.6 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 891 916 Threatened species, birds 8 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 11 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 1 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.6 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.3 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 10.4 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.3 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 220 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.52 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 63 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 63 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 63 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 19 Andorra Population (thousands) 73 Land area (sq. km)  470 GDP ($ billions)  3.2 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,270 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 85.6 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.0 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.5 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 307 613 Threatened species, birds 2 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 0 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,336 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 10 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 34 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 8.4 20 2016  The Little Green Data Book Angola Population (millions)  24.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  1,247 GDP ($ billions)  138.4 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,646 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,676 1,447 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 43.3 37.2 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 44 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 722 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 889 1,476 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.4 27.7 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.0 15.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 17 891 916 Threatened species, birds 26 876 1,366 Threatened species, fish 50 1,996 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 34 3,645 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 442 7,242 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.5 1.8 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 34.1 17.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 6.1 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 312 28,061 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 655 671 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 56.3 58.5 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 227 488 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 29.1 65.1 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 70.9 20.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 0.8 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,109 3,987 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 3.0 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 21 81 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 49 68 95   Rural (% of rural population) 28 56 91   Urban (% of urban population) 75 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 52 30 80   Rural (% of rural population) 23 23 67   Urban (% of urban population) 89 40 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 21 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 90 82 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 157 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.8 18.8 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 8.0 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 24.2 3.8 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.9 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.9 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.0 5.5 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 21 Antigua and Barbuda Population (thousands) 91 Land area (sq. km) 440 GDP ($ billions) 1.2 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,300 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 24.2 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,360 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,000 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.7 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.5 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 613 Threatened species, birds 1 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 4 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.1 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.3 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 240 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 8.4 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.8 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 572 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 22.1 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 91 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 91 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.3 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 22 2016  The Little Green Data Book Argentina Population (millions)  43.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  2,737 GDP ($ billions)  537.7 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,480 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,779 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 91.6 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 13,198 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,555 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 9.9 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.8 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 40 640 613 Threatened species, birds 50 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 39 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 70 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 834 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.7 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.0 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.9 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,895 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.2 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,093 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.1 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.3 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.6 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,794 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.9 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 98 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 35 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.0 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.4 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.1 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 23 Armenia Population (millions)  3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  28 GDP ($ billions)  11.6 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,020 25,424 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,494 21,296 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 62.8 70.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 30 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 10,006 11,454 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,026 3,799 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.7 38.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 24.8 12.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 8 307 1,079 Threatened species, birds 15 633 1,178 Threatened species, fish 3 1,200 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 71 1,136 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 18.7 17,916 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 10.9 –1.2 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 21.7 2.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 969 3,216 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.3 5.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,870 5,437 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 41.2 50.6 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 28.2 16.9 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 7.5 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,282 7,866 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 42.9 7.5 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 39 36 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 90   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 87   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 93 52   Rural (% of rural population) 78 89 42   Urban (% of urban population) 96 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 18 15 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 85 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.2 21.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 15.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.4 9.5 17.2 24 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 103 Land area (sq. km)  Aruba 180 GDP ($ billions)  2.6 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 41.8 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.3 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.5 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 613 Threatened species, birds 1 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 23 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.14 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.0 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.71 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 23.9 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 98 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 25 Australia Population (millions)  23.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  7,682 GDP ($ billions) 1,454.7 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 64,600 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 47,745 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 89.3 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 52 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 50,498 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,137 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 16.2 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.6 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 56 891 613 Threatened species, birds 50 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 111 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 92 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 229 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.1 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.3 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 48.5 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 48,960 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9,910 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,586 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.9 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,134 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.4 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.3 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.5 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20,963 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 6 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.6 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.5 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.4 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.5 22.7 8.4 26 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions)  8.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Austria 83 GDP ($ billions) 436.9 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 49,600 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 41,559 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 65.9 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 38 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 35,427 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,246 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.9 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.4 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 307 613 Threatened species, birds 12 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 11 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 21 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.7 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.6 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.3 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,918 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.5 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,513 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 20.8 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 65.0 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.8 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,436 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.6 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 88 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.0 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.1 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.8 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 27 Azerbaijan Population (millions)  9.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  83 GDP ($ billions)  75.2 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,600 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,735 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 54.4 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 29.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,434 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,344 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.8 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.0 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 307 916 Threatened species, birds 18 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 12 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 42 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.2 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –19.7 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.7 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,474 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.1 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,093 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.0 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.4 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.6 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 851 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 147.5 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 84 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 78 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 95 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 87 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 92 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 21 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 40.7 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.1 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 19.6 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.8 9.5 23.7 28 2016  The Little Green Data Book Bahamas, The Population (thousands) 383 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  10 GDP ($ billions)  8.5 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,980 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 19,438 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 82.8 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 27,045 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,100 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.4 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.3 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 640 613 Threatened species, birds 7 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 44 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 8 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.9 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.9 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.4 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,150 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 875 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.2 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,827 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 92 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 92 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 85 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 6.7 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.7 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.3 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 29 Bahrain Population (millions)  1.4 Land area (sq. km)  770 GDP ($ billions)  33.9 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,060 8,722 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,362 6,541 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 88.7 63.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 33 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 3,893 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 2,330 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.3 2.1 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.9 11.7 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 203 613 Threatened species, birds 6 279 1,070 Threatened species, fish 9 575 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 259 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.9 4,782 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.2 2.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –5.2 9.8 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.6 3.8 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 570 15,470 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.65 513 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 10,172 2,190 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 18,217 2,876 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 89.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 17.9 6.0 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3 554 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8,935.0 133.6 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 85 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 91 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 87 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 93 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 44 32 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 23 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.4 37.7 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.9 11.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 4.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 26.4 9.5 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.0 16.3 8.4 30 2016  The Little Green Data Book Bangladesh Population (millions)  159.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 130 GDP ($ billions)  172.9 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,080 1,496 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,035 1,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 33.5 32.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 57 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 608 714 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,406 3,066 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.0 17.5 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.6 6.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 33 249 1,079 Threatened species, birds 33 238 1,178 Threatened species, fish 21 353 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 21 749 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,548 14,542 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.3 1.9 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.1 7.3 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 2.3 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 15,440 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,951 10,343 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 216 550 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.6 26.3 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 293 673 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.0 78.5 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.7 13.4 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 1.4 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 660 1,152 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 34.2 51.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 92 90   Rural (% of rural population) 87 91 87   Urban (% of urban population) 87 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 61 45 52   Rural (% of rural population) 62 35 42   Urban (% of urban population) 58 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 48 46 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.4 30.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 9.6 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.6 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.0 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 25.2 18.9 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 31 Barbados Population (thousands) 283 Land area (sq. km)  430 GDP ($ billions)  4.4 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,310 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,253 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 31.6 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,700 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 14.0 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.2 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 640 613 Threatened species, birds 2 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 3 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.0 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.4 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.04 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.6 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 282 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 101.3 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 96 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –1.0 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.3 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –0.3 7.7 8.4 32 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions)  9.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Belarus 203 GDP ($ billions)  76.1 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,340 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,768 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 76.3 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,835 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,721 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.6 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.6 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 307 916 Threatened species, birds 9 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 2 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.4 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.4 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.4 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,882 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.7 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,648 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.0 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.4 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,590 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.5 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 32 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 95 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 94 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.4 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.3 9.5 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 33 Belgium Population (millions)  11.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  30 GDP ($ billions)  531.5 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,240 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 38,725 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 97.8 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 61,360 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 9,539 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.6 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.9 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 307 613 Threatened species, birds 8 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 13 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 27.0 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.8 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –14.3 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 56.1 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,039 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.4 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,967 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 31.9 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.5 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.8 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,068 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 51.5 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 19 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.5 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.4 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.8 9.5 8.4 34 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 352 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Belize 23 GDP ($ billions)  1.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,350 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,409 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 44.1 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,696 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,216 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 59.9 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 36.7 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 640 916 Threatened species, birds 5 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 43 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 36 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 83.4 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.8 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.0 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 14.2 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,330 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 958 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 43,389 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 88 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 94 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 6 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.7 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.0 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.4 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.2 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –5.5 7.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 35 Benin Population (millions)  10.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  113 GDP ($ billions)  9.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 834 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 43.5 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 977 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,460 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.1 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 12 891 623 Threatened species, birds 10 876 610 Threatened species, fish 38 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 17 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 49.0 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.8 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 65.7 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 393 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 54.9 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 84 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 972 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.3 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 78 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 72 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 85 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 20 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 36 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 27 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 6 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 100 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.3 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.6 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.3 5.5 0.5 36 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands)  65 Land area (sq. km) Bermuda 50 GDP ($ billions) 5.6 North High- Country America income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 106,140 54,879 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 46,170 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 81.5 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 6 26 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 39,012 69,457 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 6,867 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 20.0 36.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.8 11.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 50 613 Threatened species, birds 1 93 1,070 Threatened species, fish 24 313 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 8 398 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.42 6,421 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.6 0.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –0.3 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.1 16.4 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 370 1,620 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.18 3,030 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 6,943 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 4.5 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 13,239 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 61.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.4 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.1 16.7 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 15,993 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 9.1 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 38 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 100 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 11 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 52 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 6 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 42.6 18.4 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.3 15.6 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 5.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 37 Bhutan Population (thousands) 765 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  38 GDP ($ billions)  2.0 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,370 1,496 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,795 1,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 37.9 32.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 14 57 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 625 714 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,131 3,066 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.3 17.5 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 47.3 6.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 26 249 1,079 Threatened species, birds 20 238 1,178 Threatened species, fish 3 353 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 18 749 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.14 14,542 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –20.9 1.9 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 11.3 7.3 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 2.3 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 550 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.3 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 673 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 78.5 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.4 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 1.4 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 101,960 1,152 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.4 51.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 92 90   Rural (% of rural population) 100 91 87   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 50 45 52   Rural (% of rural population) 33 35 42   Urban (% of urban population) 78 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 28 46 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.3 30.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 9.6 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 16.9 1.6 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.0 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.7 18.9 17.2 38 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Bolivia 10.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  1,083 GDP ($ billions) 33.0 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,870 9,912 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,403 8,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 68.1 79.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 38 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 670 4,755 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,938 4,127 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.6 46.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 24.8 23.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 21 640 1,079 Threatened species, birds 55 1,010 1,178 Threatened species, fish 0 1,527 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 99 5,008 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 8.4 13,956 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.0 –4.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.3 8.7 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 15.5 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 786 1,373 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.2 16.2 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 705 2,118 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.8 42.3 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 31.4 46.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 2.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,735 22,162 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.4 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 95 90   Rural (% of rural population) 76 84 87   Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 50 83 52   Rural (% of rural population) 28 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 61 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 14 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 42 56 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 20 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 26 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.9 18.3 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.3 11.1 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.9 2.6 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 1.0 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.3 7.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 39 Bosnia and Herzegovina Population (millions)  3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  51 GDP ($ billions)  18.5 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,840 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 39.6 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,977 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.7 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.3 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 307 916 Threatened species, birds 8 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 35 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.7 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.3 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 8.3 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,688 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.8 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,219 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 58.5 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 41.5 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.2 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,299 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 92 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 93 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.8 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 23.7 40 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions)  2.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Botswana 567 GDP ($ billions)  15.8 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,240 1,646 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,521 1,447 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 57.2 37.2 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 44 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 734 722 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 398 1,476 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.1 27.7 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.9 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 29.2 15.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 8 891 916 Threatened species, birds 13 876 1,366 Threatened species, fish 2 1,996 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 2 3,645 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.2 7,242 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 15.0 1.8 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,098 671 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 20.5 58.5 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,564 488 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.9 65.1 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 0.8 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,081 3,987 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.1 3.0 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 81 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 68 95   Rural (% of rural population) 92 56 91   Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 63 30 80   Rural (% of rural population) 43 23 67   Urban (% of urban population) 79 40 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 10 21 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 45 82 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 44 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 47.9 18.8 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.9 8.0 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.5 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 3.8 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 1.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 34.8 5.5 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 41 Brazil Population (millions)  206.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  8,358 GDP ($ billions) 2,416.6 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Carribean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,790 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,844 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 85.4 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,561 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,641 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 59.0 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.4 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 82 640 916 Threatened species, birds 165 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 85 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 516 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,330 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.0 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.8 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.5 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,200 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 12,999 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,438 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 27.7 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,529 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 20.6 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 68.6 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 27,470 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.3 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 87 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 52 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 88 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 53 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.6 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.5 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.3 7.7 23.7 42 2016  The Little Green Data Book Brunei Darussalam Population (thousands) 417 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  5.3 GDP ($ billions)  17.1 East Asia & High- Country Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 37,320 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 26,281 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 76.9 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 83,867 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 858 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.1 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 44.1 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 34 891 613 Threatened species, birds 24 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 8 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 104 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.9 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.8 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.0 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.5 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 210 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 173 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,393 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,704 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 24.4 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20,364 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.1 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 36 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 59.9 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.3 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 27.1 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 25.8 22.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 43 Bulgaria Population (millions) 7.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  109 GDP ($ billions)  56.7 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,620 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,590 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 73.6 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 18,734 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,861 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 35.2 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 40.5 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 307 916 Threatened species, birds 18 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 22 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 6 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 19.9 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.3 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.3 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,327 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.0 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,640 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 51.0 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.5 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,907 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 29.1 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 84 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 87 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.7 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.7 9.5 23.7 44 2016  The Little Green Data Book Burkina Faso Population (millions)  17.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  274 GDP ($ billions)  12.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 572 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 29.0 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 323 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,226 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.6 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.5 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 891 623 Threatened species, birds 11 876 610 Threatened species, fish 4 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 3 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.0 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.6 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 34.0 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 711 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.5 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 51 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 76 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 98 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 20 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 50 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 29 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 89 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.9 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.2 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.8 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.9 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 45 Burundi Population (millions)  10.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  26 GDP ($ billions)  3.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 204 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 11.8 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 79 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 132 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,330 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.7 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.6 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.9 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 12 891 623 Threatened species, birds 13 876 610 Threatened species, fish 17 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 8 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 16.2 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.5 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.9 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 930 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.9 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 74 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 91 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 49 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 44 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 17 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 25 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 82 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.8 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.7 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 13.5 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –8.6 5.5 0.5 46 2016  The Little Green Data Book Cabo Verde Population (thousands) 514 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  4.0 GDP ($ billions)  1.9 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,450 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,688 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 64.8 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,410 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 36 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.3 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.6 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 5 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 32 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 3 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 35.7 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.1 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 584 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.3 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 87 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 72 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 54 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 82 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 43 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.4 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.9 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.3 5.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 47 Cambodia Population (millions)  15.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  177 GDP ($ billions)  16.8 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,020 9,731 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 890 8,038 539 Urban population (% of total) 20.5 55.7 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 48 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 523 922 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,029 4,947 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 53.6 26.3 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.2 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.0 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 36 891 623 Threatened species, birds 27 1,095 610 Threatened species, fish 44 1,430 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 36 3,453 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 745 130,639 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.8 1.3 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 16.3 6.6 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.5 17.0 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 203,050 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 728 67,121 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 396 2,073 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 66.9 7.8 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 221 3,568 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 42.1 77.7 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 57.1 13.8 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 5.9 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,868 4,525 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 10.8 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 72 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 94 66   Rural (% of rural population) 69 90 56   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 42 77 28   Rural (% of rural population) 31 64 23   Urban (% of urban population) 88 87 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 20 40 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 91 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 17 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.4 37.9 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.5 15.3 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 2.8 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 0.1 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.1 22.7 0.5 48 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions)  22.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Cameroon 473 GDP ($ billions)  32.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,350 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,210 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 53.8 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,271 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,623 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.8 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.9 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 43 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 26 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 119 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 490 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 226 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.1 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 22.3 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.8 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,962 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 331 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 65.0 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 278 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 28.1 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 70.9 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,988 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.4 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 53 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 46 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 27 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 62 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 21 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 96 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 21 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 88 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.4 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.6 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.7 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.5 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.3 5.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 49 Canada Population (millions)  35.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  9,094 GDP ($ billions) 1,785.4 North High- Country America income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 51,630 54,879 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 39,892 46,170 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 81.7 81.5 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 26 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 69,457 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,670 6,867 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.2 36.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.4 11.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 11 50 613 Threatened species, birds 15 93 1,070 Threatened species, fish 42 313 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 11 398 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,011 6,421 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.2 0.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.3 –0.3 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.4 16.4 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 1,620 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 3,030 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,202 6,943 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.2 4.5 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,519 13,239 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 21.5 61.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 60.1 13.4 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.1 16.7 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 80,183 15,993 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.4 9.1 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 38 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 99   Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 100 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 12 11 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 63 52 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 6 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.8 18.4 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.2 15.6 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 5.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 0.7 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.0 6.5 8.4 50 2016  The Little Green Data Book Cayman Islands Population (thousands)  59 Land area (sq. km)  240 GDP ($ millions)  .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.2 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.7 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 640 613 Threatened species, birds 1 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 32 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 22 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.13 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 230 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 78.3 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.3 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 51 Central African Republic Population (millions)  4.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  623 GDP ($ billions)  1.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 337 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 39.8 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 8 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 456 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,649 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 35.6 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.1 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 13 891 623 Threatened species, birds 14 876 610 Threatened species, fish 3 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 24 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 29.2 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.8 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.9 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 29,349 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 69 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 54 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 90 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 22 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 44 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 19 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 130 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.3 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.2 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 0.5 52 2016  The Little Green Data Book Chad Population (millions)  13.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  1,259 GDP ($ billions)  13.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 980 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 782 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 22.3 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 941 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.9 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.5 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.8 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 891 623 Threatened species, birds 13 876 610 Threatened species, fish 1 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 6 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 120 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.7 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,104 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.9 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 45 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 72 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 12 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 31 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 31 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 139 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.7 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 10.8 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 3.0 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 53 Channel Islands Population (thousands) 163 Land area (sq. km)  190 GDP ($ millions)  .. Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 31.4 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 3.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 4.2 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals .. 307 613 Threatened species, birds .. 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish .. 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants .. 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.3 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.3 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.1 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 8.4 54 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions)  17.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Chile 744 GDP ($ billions)  258.1 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,910 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,092 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 89.4 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,638 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,128 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 23.9 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.3 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 20 640 613 Threatened species, birds 33 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 23 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 72 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,820 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.9 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.9 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,201 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.7 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,879 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.1 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 27.0 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.6 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 49,824 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 93 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 91 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 18 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 59 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.9 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.9 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.1 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 55 China Population (millions) 1,364.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  9,388 GDP ($ billions) 10,354.8 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,400 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,419 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 54.4 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 10.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 791 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,886 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.2 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.0 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 74 891 916 Threatened species, birds 89 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 131 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 568 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 76,149 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.1 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.3 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.3 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,510 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 208 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,226 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.1 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,762 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 77.4 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.8 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,062 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.7 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 93 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 64 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 87 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 54 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 49.4 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.9 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 34.5 22.7 23.7 56 2016  The Little Green Data Book Colombia Population (millions)  47.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  1,110 GDP ($ billions)  377.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,970 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,209 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 76.2 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,982 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,291 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.7 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.1 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 56 640 916 Threatened species, birds 119 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 61 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 245 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 201 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.6 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.9 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.9 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 940 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,079 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 669 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.5 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,177 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 28.4 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 68.5 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.6 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 44,883 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.5 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 74 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 68 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 85 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 13 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 69 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.0 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 6.3 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.3 7.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 57 Comoros Population (thousands) 770 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  1.9 GDP ($ millions)  623.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 790 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 679 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 28.2 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 802 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,447 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.9 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.2 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 5 891 623 Threatened species, birds 10 876 610 Threatened species, fish 8 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 7 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9.3 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.8 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.3 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 430 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.2 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,558 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 47 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 89 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 36 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 31 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 48 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 74 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.9 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.6 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.2 5.5 0.5 58 2016  The Little Green Data Book Congo, Dem. Rep. Population (millions)  74.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  2,267 GDP ($ billions)  33.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 380 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 238 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 42.0 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 227 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 763 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 67.3 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.1 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 35 891 623 Threatened species, birds 37 876 610 Threatened species, fish 93 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 113 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 227 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.6 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.3 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.3 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 193 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 292 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 92.2 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 110 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.4 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.6 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,020 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 11 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 52 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 31 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 81 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 29 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 29 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 29 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 18 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 98 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.4 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.6 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 16.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 14.6 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –26.6 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 59 Congo, Rep. Population (millions)  4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  342 GDP ($ billions)  14.2 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,720 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 915 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 65.0 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 837 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 910 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 65.4 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 35.2 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 16 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 5 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 55 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 45 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 73.6 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.4 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.2 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 33.6 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 16.7 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 556 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 59.2 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 234 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 42.3 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 57.7 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 49,279 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 40 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 15 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 20 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 81 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 19 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 45 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 25.7 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 39.2 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 17.2 60 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions)  Costa Rica 4.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  51 GDP ($ billions)  49.6 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,120 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,370 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 75.9 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 36 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,813 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,727 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.0 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.1 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 27.4 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 10 640 916 Threatened species, birds 23 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 57 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 132 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 42.1 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –4.2 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.2 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 15.8 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 970 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 418 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,029 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.9 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,955 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 11.7 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 66.9 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 23,751 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.1 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 92 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 92 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 95 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 37 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.8 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.8 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.7 7.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 61 Côte d’Ivoire Population (millions)  22.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  318 GDP ($ billions)  34.3 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,450 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,409 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 53.5 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 65 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,254 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.7 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.9 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 29 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 20 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 56 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 108 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 78.7 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.5 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.5 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.1 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 99.6 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 605 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 73.6 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 252 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.3 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.8 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,468 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.0 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 38 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 69 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 23 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 10 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 33 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 20 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 93 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.6 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 1.2 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.1 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.0 5.5 17.2 62 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions)  4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Croatia 56 GDP ($ billions)  57.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,980 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,418 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 58.7 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 24,913 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,039 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.3 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.7 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 8 307 613 Threatened species, birds 15 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 63 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 9 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 92.5 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.9 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.7 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.3 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,814 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.8 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,754 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 35.1 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 60.0 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.8 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,895 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.7 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 96 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.6 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.4 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.0 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 63 Cuba Population (millions)  11.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  106 GDP ($ billions)  77.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,880 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,297 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 77.0 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,634 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,787 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.1 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.1 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.4 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 12 640 916 Threatened species, birds 17 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 44 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 177 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 51.5 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –7.8 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.8 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.6 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,020 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,944 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,031 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.6 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,425 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 56.2 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.7 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.2 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,350 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.3 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 90 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 89 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 94 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 11 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 13.0 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 23.7 64 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 156 Land area (sq. km)  Curaçao 444 GDP ($ millions)  .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 89.4 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 640 613 Threatened species, birds 1 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 28 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 28.5 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 11,801 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,006 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 65 Cyprus Population (millions)  1.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  9.2 GDP ($ billions)  23.2 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,370 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 16,648 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 67.0 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 22.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 13,906 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 280 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 18.7 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 307 613 Threatened species, birds 7 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 24 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 18 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.1 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –24.7 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.0 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.9 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,691 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.3 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,595 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.4 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 676 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 23.6 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.1 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.3 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.3 9.5 8.4 66 2016  The Little Green Data Book Czech Republic Population (millions)  10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  77 GDP ($ billions)  205.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,350 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,760 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 73.0 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 8,559 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,220 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.5 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.1 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 307 613 Threatened species, birds 10 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 2 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 15 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 23.9 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.4 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.2 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,990 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.9 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,285 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 53.4 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.2 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.4 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,249 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.0 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.9 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 23.3 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.7 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 67 Denmark Population (millions)  5.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  42 GDP ($ billions)  342.4 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 61,330 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 50,987 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 87.5 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 61 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 45,483 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,605 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 14.4 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.3 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 307 613 Threatened species, birds 7 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 18 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 4 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 785 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –5.0 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.7 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 29.2 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,107 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 21.5 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,040 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 51.9 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.2 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,064 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.9 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 25 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 49 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.0 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.3 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.1 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.5 9.5 8.4 68 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 876 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Djibouti 23 GDP ($ billions)  1.6 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,722 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,541 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 77.3 63.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 73 33 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 3,893 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,000 2,330 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.3 2.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.3 11.7 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 203 1,079 Threatened species, birds 11 279 1,178 Threatened species, fish 18 575 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 3 259 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.3 4,782 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.8 2.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 9.8 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 3.8 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 450 15,470 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.0 513 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,190 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 0.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,876 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 89.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 3.1 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 6.0 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 342 554 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.3 133.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 93 90   Rural (% of rural population) 65 89 87   Urban (% of urban population) 97 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 91 52   Rural (% of rural population) 5 87 42   Urban (% of urban population) 60 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 28 32 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 65 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 9.5 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 16.3 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 69 Dominica Population (thousands)  72 Land area (sq. km)  750 GDP ($ millions)  524.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,930 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,709 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 69.3 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 8,327 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,636 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 57.3 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.5 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 640 916 Threatened species, birds 4 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 11 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.55 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –5.5 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.1 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.10 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,765 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.0 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 5 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 96 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 0.5 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.7 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 23.7 70 2016  The Little Green Data Book Dominican Republic Population (millions)  10.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  48 GDP ($ billions)  64.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,040 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,464 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 78.1 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 49 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 8.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 8,321 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,007 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.0 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.2 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.0 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 640 916 Threatened species, birds 14 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 42 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.9 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.6 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.1 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 31.4 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 610 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 212 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 731 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.8 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,517 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 85.7 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.2 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,258 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 30.5 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 82 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 85 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 76 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 86 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 12 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 82 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 10 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 31 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.4 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.2 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.6 7.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 71 Ecuador Population (millions)  15.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  248 GDP ($ billions)  100.9 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,090 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,972 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 63.5 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,344 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,627 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.5 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.8 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 46 640 916 Threatened species, birds 98 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 53 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 1,848 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,032 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.8 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 13.7 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 75.7 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,583 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 980 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.6 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,333 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 51.0 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 47.5 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.4 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 27,819 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.2 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 81 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 76 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 81 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 87 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 71 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.2 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.6 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.2 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.2 7.7 23.7 72 2016  The Little Green Data Book Egypt, Arab Rep. Population (millions)  89.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  995 GDP ($ billions)  301.5 Middle Lower East & N. middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,210 8,722 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,853 6,541 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 43.1 63.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 4 33 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,561 3,893 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,162 2,330 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 2.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 –0.9 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.2 11.7 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 17 203 1,079 Threatened species, birds 14 279 1,178 Threatened species, fish 47 575 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 3 259 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,482 4,782 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.8 2.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.0 9.8 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.2 3.8 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,800 15,470 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 5.1 513 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 885 2,190 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.1 0.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,697 2,876 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.4 89.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.7 3.1 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.6 6.0 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20 554 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3,794.4 133.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 93 90   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 87   Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 91 52   Rural (% of rural population) 93 87 42   Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 36 32 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.3 37.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.7 11.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.4 9.5 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.3 16.3 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 73 El Salvador Population (millions)  6.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  21 GDP ($ billions)  25.2 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,920 9,912 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,499 8,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 66.3 79.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 76 38 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,583 4,755 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,486 4,127 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.8 46.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.3 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.4 23.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 640 1,079 Threatened species, birds 6 1,010 1,178 Threatened species, fish 15 1,527 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 29 5,008 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 66.8 13,956 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.7 –4.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.1 8.7 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.5 15.5 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 252 41,330 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 693 1,373 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 18.5 16.2 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 915 2,118 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 35.8 42.3 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 30.7 46.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 2.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,559 22,162 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 13.6 2.4 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 95 90   Rural (% of rural population) 87 84 87   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 83 52   Rural (% of rural population) 60 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 82 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 13 14 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 76 56 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.2 18.3 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 11.1 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 0.3 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.5 7.7 17.2 74 2016  The Little Green Data Book Equatorial Guinea Population (thousands) 821 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  28 GDP ($ billions)  15.5 Sub- Saharan High- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,210 1,646 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,344 1,447 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 39.8 37.2 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 44 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 722 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,476 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.9 27.7 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.7 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.0 15.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 23 891 613 Threatened species, birds 7 876 1,070 Threatened species, fish 42 1,996 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 84 3,645 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.6 7,242 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.4 1.8 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.7 6.1 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 253 28,061 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.9 0.8 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 31,673 3,987 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 81 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 48 68 99   Rural (% of rural population) 32 56 97   Urban (% of urban population) 73 87 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 30 96   Rural (% of rural population) 71 23 93   Urban (% of urban population) 80 40 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 21 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 59 82 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 94 83 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 8.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.0 3.2 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 67.2 3.8 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.1 0.9 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 75 Eritrea Population (millions)  5.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  101 GDP ($ billions)  2.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 480 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 404 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 22.2 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 106 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 626 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.0 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 891 623 Threatened species, birds 18 876 610 Threatened species, fish 21 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.0 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –7.9 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,260 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 102 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 164 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 78.2 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 62 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 548 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 20.8 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 53 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 73 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 16 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 45 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 25 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 47 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.7 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 13.3 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 0.5 76 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions)  1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Estonia 42 GDP ($ billions)  26.5 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,010 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 16,399 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 67.6 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 12,533 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,670 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.7 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.7 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 307 613 Threatened species, birds 8 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 5 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 2 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 69.1 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.6 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 10.1 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 27.5 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,623 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.9 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,665 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 3.9 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.2 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.0 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,669 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.8 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 97 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 32 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.8 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.8 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.5 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 77 Ethiopia Population (millions)  97.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  1,000 GDP ($ billions)  55.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 550 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 477 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 19.0 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 36 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 278 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,325 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.5 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 33 891 623 Threatened species, birds 32 876 610 Threatened species, fish 14 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 41 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 50.2 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.7 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 13.2 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 507 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 92.9 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 65 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.1 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 95.6 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,258 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.6 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 57 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 49 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 28 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 28 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 27 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 18 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 96 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 59 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.2 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.4 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 10.6 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.5 5.5 0.5 78 2016  The Little Green Data Book Faroe Islands Population (thousands) 48 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.4 GDP ($ billions) 2.6 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 41.7 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 2 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 307 613 Threatened species, birds 4 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 12 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 629 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.3 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.7 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.7 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.1 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 79 Fiji Population (thousands) 886 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) 4.5 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,870 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,341 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 53.4 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,983 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,443 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.7 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.4 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 891 916 Threatened species, birds 12 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 14 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 65 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 44.7 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.3 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –14.6 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.2 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 10,020 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 425 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 32,207 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 61 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 91 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 88 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 23.7 80 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Finland 304 GDP ($ billions) 272.2 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 48,440 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 40,233 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 84.1 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 72,261 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,690 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 73.1 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.8 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 307 613 Threatened species, birds 9 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 6 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 8 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 191 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.9 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.0 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.7 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,075 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 27.1 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,510 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.6 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.0 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.2 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 19,592 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.1 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 88 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 17 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.0 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.0 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.8 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.3 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 81 France Population (millions) 66.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 548 GDP ($ billions) 2,829.2 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,950 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 35,829 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 79.3 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 53 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 84,574 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,829 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.0 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.3 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 8 307 613 Threatened species, birds 13 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 52 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 41 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 785 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.3 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.9 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 62.9 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,843 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.5 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,379 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 7.8 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.4 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.2 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,020 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.6 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 85 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.7 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.8 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.6 9.5 8.4 82 2016  The Little Green Data Book French Polynesia Population (thousands) 280 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 3.7 GDP ($ millions) .. East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 56.0 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.3 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –3.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.0 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 0 891 613 Threatened species, birds 32 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 28 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 47 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 16.3 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.2 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.0 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,000 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.2 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 83 Gabon Population (millions) 1.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 258 GDP ($ billions) 18.2 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,720 1,646 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,450 1,447 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 86.9 37.2 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 20 44 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,876 722 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,688 1,476 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 89.3 27.7 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.5 15.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 19 891 916 Threatened species, birds 6 876 1,366 Threatened species, fish 71 1,996 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 154 3,645 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 36.9 7,242 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.8 1.8 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –16.5 17.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.3 6.1 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,598 28,061 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,435 671 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 53.3 58.5 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,168 488 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 62.1 65.1 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 37.5 20.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 0.8 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 97,175 3,987 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 29 81 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 68 95   Rural (% of rural population) 67 56 91   Urban (% of urban population) 97 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 42 30 80   Rural (% of rural population) 32 23 67   Urban (% of urban population) 43 40 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 21 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 64 82 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.7 8.0 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 26.1 3.8 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.9 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 23.7 84 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Gambia, The 1.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ millions) 850.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 333 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 59.0 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 240 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 745 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 891 623 Threatened species, birds 12 876 610 Threatened species, fish 34 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 5 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 51.5 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.2 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.9 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 581 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,556 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 84 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 55 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 62 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 35 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 69 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.5 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.9 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.7 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 7.0 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.3 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 85 Georgia Population (millions) 3.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 69 GDP ($ billions) 16.5 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,490 25,424 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,900 21,296 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 53.5 70.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 37 30 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,997 11,454 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,008 3,799 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.6 38.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.3 12.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 8 307 1,079 Threatened species, birds 15 633 1,178 Threatened species, fish 11 1,200 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 61 1,136 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 12.7 17,916 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.6 –1.2 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 15.5 2.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.4 13.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,032 3,216 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.3 5.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,460 5,437 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 17.8 50.6 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 82.2 16.9 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 7.5 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 15,597 7,866 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.1 7.5 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 36 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 90   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 87   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 93 52   Rural (% of rural population) 76 89 42   Urban (% of urban population) 95 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 15 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 85 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.2 21.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 15.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.4 9.5 17.2 86 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 81.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Germany 349 GDP ($ billions) 3,868.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 47,590 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 40,365 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 75.1 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 48 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 39,432 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,050 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.8 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.4 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 307 613 Threatened species, birds 11 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 24 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 24 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 269 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.2 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –6.4 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 64.8 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,868 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.7 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,019 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 58.9 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.7 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.9 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,321 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 30.9 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.3 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.4 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.3 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 87 Ghana Population (millions) 26.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 228 GDP ($ billions) 38.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,590 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,067 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 53.4 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 69 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,703 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.0 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.1 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 20 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 20 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 56 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 119 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 332 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.1 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 15.7 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.7 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 137 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 344 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 39.5 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 382 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 10.4 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 64.0 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,131 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.2 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 84 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 15 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 20 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 27 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 62 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.3 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.0 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.8 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.6 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.6 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 7.4 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.6 5.5 17.2 88 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Greece 129 GDP ($ billions) 235.6 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,810 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 17,893 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 77.7 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 16.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 18,602 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,746 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.5 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.8 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 34.9 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 10 307 613 Threatened species, birds 16 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 80 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 59 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 165 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.5 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.7 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,134 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.2 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,029 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.7 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.1 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.6 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,336 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.4 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.7 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.9 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –5.8 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 89 Greenland Population (thousands) 56 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 410a GDP ($ billions) 2.4 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,290 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 86.0 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 41.2 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 307 613 Threatened species, birds 3 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 9 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 292 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.4 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 36.7 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.4 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 22.9 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 8.4 90 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 106 Land area (sq. km) Grenada 340 GDP ($ millions) 911.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Carbbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,910 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 35.6 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,381 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 952 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.0 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.1 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 640 916 Threatened species, birds 1 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 28 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 3 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.8 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.7 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 150 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.4 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,881 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.1 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 15 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 98 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 98 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –6.4 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.4 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 91 Guam Population (thousands) 168 Land area (sq. km) 540 GDP ($ millions) .. East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 94.4 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 33 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,500 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.3 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 27.1 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 891 613 Threatened species, birds 14 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 11 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.54 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.6 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –5.2 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 220 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.97 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) 90 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 90 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 8.4 92 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Guatemala 107 GDP ($ billions) 58.8 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,430 9,912 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,158 8,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 51.1 79.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 38 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,011 4,755 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,118 4,127 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.0 46.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.1 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 31.8 23.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 17 640 1,079 Threatened species, birds 14 1,010 1,178 Threatened species, fish 34 1,527 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 98 5,008 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 42.8 13,956 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –4.0 –4.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 12.6 8.7 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.0 15.5 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 177 41,330 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 768 1,373 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 62.8 16.2 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 555 2,118 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 32.8 42.3 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 46.9 46.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 2.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,818 22,162 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.0 2.4 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 95 90   Rural (% of rural population) 87 84 87   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 64 83 52   Rural (% of rural population) 49 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 78 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 12 14 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 74 56 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.9 18.3 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.0 11.1 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 2.6 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.0 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.1 0.3 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.6 7.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 93 Guinea Population (millions) 12.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 246 GDP ($ billions) 6.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 352 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 36.7 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 221 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,543 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.9 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 29.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 25 891 623 Threatened species, birds 19 876 610 Threatened species, fish 75 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 35 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 129 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.5 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.2 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,033 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,411 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.2 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 53 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 67 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 20 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 12 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 34 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 27 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 94 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –18.4 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 6.8 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 12.5 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –47.8 5.5 0.5 94 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Guinea-Bissau 1.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 1.0 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 550 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 445 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 48.6 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 655 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,262 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 70.1 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.4 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 14 891 623 Threatened species, birds 10 876 610 Threatened species, fish 39 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 5 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.7 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.4 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 45.9 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,982 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,886 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.1 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 60 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 21 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 34 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 30 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 93 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 3.8 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.3 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.2 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 12.3 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –19.3 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 95 Guyana Population (thousands) 764 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 197 GDP ($ billions) 3.1 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,940 9,912 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,424 8,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 28.5 79.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 38 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,035 4,755 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,206 4,127 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 84.0 46.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.7 23.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 11 640 1,079 Threatened species, birds 14 1,010 1,178 Threatened species, fish 31 1,527 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 23 5,008 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 38.1 13,956 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.8 –4.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.5 8.7 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 15.5 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 396 41,330 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.4 2.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 315,489 22,162 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 2.4 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 90   Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 87   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 83 52   Rural (% of rural population) 82 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 88 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 14 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 22 56 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 10 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 39 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 3.4 18.3 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.9 11.1 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 10.8 1.0 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –10.4 7.7 17.2 96 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Haiti 28 GDP ($ billions) 8.7 Latin America & Low- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 820 9,912 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 768 8,314 539 Urban population (% of total) 57.4 79.6 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 67 38 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,144 4,127 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.5 46.3 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.7 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.3 23.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 5 640 623 Threatened species, birds 14 1,010 610 Threatened species, fish 30 1,527 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 42 5,008 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 17.3 13,956 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.9 –4.1 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 34.4 8.7 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 15.5 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 450 20,320 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 136 41,330 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 393 1,373 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 81.0 16.2 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 49 2,118 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.2 42.3 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.8 46.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 2.9 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,231 22,162 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 11.1 2.4 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 72 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 95 66   Rural (% of rural population) 48 84 56   Urban (% of urban population) 65 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 28 83 28   Rural (% of rural population) 19 64 23   Urban (% of urban population) 34 88 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 13 14 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 93 56 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 21 .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 69 18 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.1 18.3 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.9 11.1 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.5 4.9 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 3.1 0.3 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.6 7.7 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 97 Honduras Population (millions) 8.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 112 GDP ($ billions) 19.4 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,270 9,912 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,025 8,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 54.1 79.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 38 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,647 4,755 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,658 4,127 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.0 46.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.9 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.6 23.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 8 640 1,079 Threatened species, birds 11 1,010 1,178 Threatened species, fish 42 1,527 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 121 5,008 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 83.9 13,956 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –5.1 –4.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 15.5 8.7 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.3 15.5 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 810 20,320 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 628 41,330 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 662 1,373 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 43.4 16.2 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 721 2,118 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 53.2 42.3 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 33.9 46.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 2.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,387 22,162 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 2.4 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 95 90   Rural (% of rural population) 84 84 87   Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 83 52   Rural (% of rural population) 78 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 87 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 14 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 24 56 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 13 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.9 18.3 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.3 11.1 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.3 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.0 0.3 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.4 7.7 17.2 98 2016  The Little Green Data Book Hong Kong SAR, China Population (millions) 7.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.1 GDP ($ billions) 290.9 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,320 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 41.8 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 891 613 Threatened species, birds 20 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 13 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 9 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 165 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.2 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.7 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,938 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.7 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,934 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.8 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.7 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.2 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 99 Hungary Population (millions) 9.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 91 GDP ($ billions) 138.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,340 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,969 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 70.8 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 59 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 14,161 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,897 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.9 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.6 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 307 613 Threatened species, birds 13 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 9 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 12 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 22.8 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.4 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.2 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,280 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.6 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,890 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 39.6 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.7 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.9 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 608 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 84.2 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.4 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.9 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.9 9.5 8.4 100 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 327 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Iceland 100 GDP ($ billions) 17.0 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 46,350 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 38,683 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 94.0 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 74,788 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.5 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –4.6 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.7 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 307 613 Threatened species, birds 4 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 16 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,104 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –4.2 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.2 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.9 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 18,177 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 54,799 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 71.0 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.9 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 519,265 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 42 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 1 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.5 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.8 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.7 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.2 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 101 India Population (millions)1,295.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,973 GDP ($ billions) 2,048.5 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,570 1,496 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,352 1,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 32.4 32.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 61 57 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 36.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 716 714 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,981 3,066 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 23.8 17.5 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.4 6.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 93 249 1,079 Threatened species, birds 84 238 1,178 Threatened species, fish 216 353 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 385 749 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9,603 14,542 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.7 1.9 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.8 7.3 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.1 2.3 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,790 15,440 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,326 10,343 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 606 550 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 24.3 26.3 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 765 673 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.2 78.5 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.9 13.4 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 1.4 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,116 1,152 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 52.6 51.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 92 90   Rural (% of rural population) 93 91 87   Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 45 52   Rural (% of rural population) 29 35 42   Urban (% of urban population) 63 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 47 46 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 48 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.6 30.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 9.6 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 1.6 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.0 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.0 18.9 17.2 102 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 254.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Indonesia 1,812 GDP ($ billions) 888.5 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,630 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,121 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 53.0 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,079 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,096 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 50.2 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.7 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 185 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 131 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 150 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 426 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 20,884 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.3 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 21.0 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.8 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 51,020 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 31,894 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 850 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 25.7 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 788 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.7 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.9 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,935 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.6 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 80 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 61 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 48 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 72 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 76 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.4 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.1 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 26.3 22.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 103 Iran, Islamic Rep. Population (millions) 78.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,629 GDP ($ billions) 425.3 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,120 8,722 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,135 6,541 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 72.9 63.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 28 33 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 17.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,448 3,893 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,963 2,330 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.6 2.1 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.3 11.7 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 16 203 916 Threatened species, birds 26 279 1,366 Threatened species, fish 39 575 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 3 259 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 947 4,782 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.6 2.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 15.9 9.8 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.2 3.8 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 15,470 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 192 513 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,960 2,190 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.2 0.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,899 2,876 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.3 89.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.6 3.1 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.8 6.0 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,644 554 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 72.6 133.6 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 85 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 93 95   Rural (% of rural population) 92 89 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 91 80   Rural (% of rural population) 82 87 67   Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 32 32 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.7 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 11.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.1 9.5 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 16.3 23.7 104 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 34.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Iraq 434 GDP ($ billions) 223.5 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,530 8,722 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,465 6,541 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 69.4 63.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 21 33 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 7,045 3,893 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,187 2,330 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.9 2.1 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.4 11.7 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 13 203 916 Threatened species, birds 19 279 1,366 Threatened species, fish 17 575 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 1 259 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 85.6 4,782 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.7 2.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 21.5 9.8 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 3.8 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,481 2,190 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,798 2,876 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 73.8 89.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.9 3.1 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 6.0 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,011 554 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 187.5 133.6 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 85 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 93 95   Rural (% of rural population) 70 89 91   Urban (% of urban population) 94 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 91 80   Rural (% of rural population) 84 87 67   Urban (% of urban population) 86 93 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 33 32 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.9 37.7 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 11.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 18.5 9.5 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.6 16.3 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 105 Ireland Population (millions) 4.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 69 GDP ($ billions) 250.8 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 46,520 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 38,649 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 63.0 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 65 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 16,732 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,474 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.9 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.2 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.4 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 307 613 Threatened species, birds 7 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 27 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 3 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 338 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.1 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.5 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.4 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,840 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.5 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,702 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 68.5 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.2 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.9 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 10,616 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 15 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 98 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 93 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 89 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 8 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 8 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.6 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.9 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.7 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.1 9.5 8.4 106 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 87 Land area (sq. km) Isle of Man 570 GDP ($ millions) .. Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 52.1 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 68 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 5.3 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 307 613 Threatened species, birds 0 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 2 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.8 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.4 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 107 Israel Population (millions) 8.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 22 GDP ($ billions) 305.7 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,320 8,722 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 31,730 6,541 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 92.1 63.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 33 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 32.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 3,893 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,448 2,330 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.6 2.1 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.9 11.7 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 14 203 613 Threatened species, birds 17 279 1,070 Threatened species, fish 42 575 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 259 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 22.3 4,782 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –6.8 2.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0 9.8 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.3 3.8 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) <10 15,470 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,971 2,190 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,559 2,876 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.0 89.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.0 6.0 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 91 554 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 260.5 133.6 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 58 85 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 91 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 87 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 26 32 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 23 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.9 37.7 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 11.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 9.5 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.3 16.3 8.4 108 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 60.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Italy 294 GDP ($ billions) 2,141.2 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,580 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 28,735 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 68.8 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 19.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 52,519 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,709 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.6 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.5 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 307 613 Threatened species, birds 14 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 51 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 74 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 345 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.6 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.0 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.1 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,579 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.4 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,159 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.0 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.3 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,002 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 29.5 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 18 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.3 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.3 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.5 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 109 Jamaica Population (millions) 2.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 13.9 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,150 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,525 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 54.6 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 41 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 6.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,731 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,139 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.9 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.9 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 640 916 Threatened species, birds 10 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 30 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 214 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.6 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.3 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –12.5 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.6 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,240 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 97.5 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,084 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.8 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,126 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 89.8 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.8 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.9 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,977 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.5 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 89 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 84 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 80 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 72 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.5 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.0 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.9 7.7 23.7 110 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 127.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Japan 365 GDP ($ billions) 4,601.5 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,000 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 29,768 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 93.0 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 35.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 50,720 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,080 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.5 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 19.4 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 27 891 613 Threatened species, birds 42 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 74 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 24 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,773 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.3 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.7 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.1 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,900 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7.4 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,570 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.5 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,836 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 80.9 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.5 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.3 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,382 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.9 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 67 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.5 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.0 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.4 22.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 111 Jordan Population (millions) 6.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 89 GDP ($ billions) 35.8 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,160 8,722 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,882 6,541 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 83.4 63.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 33 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,848 3,893 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,455 2,330 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.1 2.1 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.1 11.7 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 12 203 916 Threatened species, birds 13 279 1,366 Threatened species, fish 13 575 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 1 259 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.8 4,782 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.4 2.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.2 9.8 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.1 3.8 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 15,470 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,196 2,190 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,350 2,876 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.6 89.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.3 3.1 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.6 6.0 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 103 554 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 138.0 133.6 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 85 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 93 95   Rural (% of rural population) 92 89 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 91 80   Rural (% of rural population) 99 87 67   Urban (% of urban population) 99 93 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 26 32 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.4 37.7 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 11.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.5 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.7 16.3 23.7 112 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 17.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kazakhstan 2,700 GDP ($ billions) 217.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,850 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,199 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 53.3 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 80 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,078 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,173 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.2 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.3 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 15 307 916 Threatened species, birds 26 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 14 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 16 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 37.5 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.1 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –4.8 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,787 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,892 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.9 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.1 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.8 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,722 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 32.9 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 86 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 71 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.3 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 11.8 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.0 9.5 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 113 Kenya Population (millions) 44.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 569 GDP ($ billions) 60.9 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,290 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,227 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 25.2 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 49 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 396 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,628 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.8 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.4 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 30 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 39 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 70 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 222 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 192 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.8 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 31.7 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.0 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 630 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 610 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 492 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 72.2 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 168 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 30.7 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 44.4 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 461 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.5 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 63 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 57 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 82 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 30 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 31 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 60 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 8 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 49 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.6 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.4 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.7 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.0 5.5 17.2 114 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 110 Land area (sq. km) Kiribati 810 GDP ($ millions) 166.8 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,950 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,663 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 44.2 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,631 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 14.8 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.2 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 5 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 12 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 120 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.9 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –7.8 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.2 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,940 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2.6 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 67 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 51 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 87 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 31 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 51 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 56 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.5 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 115 Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. Population (millions) 25.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 120 GDP ($ millions) .. East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,731 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 539 Urban population (% of total) 60.7 55.7 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 22 48 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,308 4,947 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 41.8 26.3 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.8 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.5 15.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 891 623 Threatened species, birds 27 1,095 610 Threatened species, fish 17 1,430 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 8 3,453 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 734 130,639 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.4 1.3 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.6 6.6 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 17.0 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 581 2,073 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.5 7.8 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 660 3,568 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 29.8 77.7 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 70.2 13.8 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.0 5.9 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,677 4,525 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 12.9 10.8 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 72 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 66   Rural (% of rural population) 99 90 56   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 77 28   Rural (% of rural population) 73 64 23   Urban (% of urban population) 88 87 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 24 40 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 17 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.3 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.8 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 0.5 116 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 50.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Korea, Rep. 97 GDP ($ billions) 1,410.4 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 27,090 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 22,712 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 82.4 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 18 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 28,795 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,619 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 63.4 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.1 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.6 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 10 891 613 Threatened species, birds 30 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 24 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 8 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,305 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.4 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.3 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.3 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,253 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.8 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,428 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.3 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.8 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.8 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,286 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 45.0 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) 88 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 29 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 34.7 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.4 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.7 22.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 117 Kosovo Population (millions) 1.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 7.4 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,990 25,424 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 1,752 Urban population (% of total) .. 70.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 30 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 38.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 12.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals .. 307 1,079 Threatened species, birds .. 633 1,178 Threatened species, fish .. 1,200 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants .. 1,136 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 17,916 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –1.2 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 13.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,297 3,216 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.5 5.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,917 5,437 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 97.8 50.6 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.2 16.9 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.5 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 90   Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 87   Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 52   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 42   Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 15 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.7 21.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.5 15.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 17.2 118 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kuwait 18 GDP ($ billions) 163.6 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 49,300 8,722 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 33,915 6,541 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 98.3 63.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 33 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 3,893 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 21,845 2,330 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.3 2.1 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.3 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 11.7 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 203 613 Threatened species, birds 11 279 1,070 Threatened species, fish 12 575 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 259 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.9 4,782 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.9 2.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.7 9.8 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 3.8 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 110 15,470 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.05 513 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 9,757 2,190 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 14,911 2,876 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 89.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 28.1 6.0 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 0 554 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 133.6 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 85 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 93 99   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 97   Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 91 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 87 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 49 32 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 23 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 44.8 37.7 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.3 11.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 22.3 9.5 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.7 16.3 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 119 Kyrgyz Republic Population (millions) 5.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 192 GDP ($ billions) 7.4 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 25,424 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 978 21,296 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 35.6 70.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 30 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,417 11,454 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,276 3,799 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.3 38.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.7 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.9 12.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 307 1,079 Threatened species, birds 16 633 1,178 Threatened species, fish 3 1,200 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 14 1,136 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.80 17,916 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 11.1 –1.2 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 17.8 2.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 690 3,216 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 5.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,887 5,437 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 6.5 50.6 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 93.5 16.9 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 7.5 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,385 7,866 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.4 7.5 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 36 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 98 90   Rural (% of rural population) 86 96 87   Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 93 52   Rural (% of rural population) 96 89 42   Urban (% of urban population) 89 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 18 15 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 85 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.2 21.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.4 15.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.4 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.7 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –5.8 9.5 17.2 120 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lao PDR 231 GDP ($ billions) 12.0 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,660 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,309 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 37.6 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 522 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,508 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 81.3 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.7 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 45 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 24 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 55 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 41 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 151 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.7 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.0 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,463 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.8 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 69 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 86 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 71 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 56 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 27 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 67 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.7 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.1 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 7.2 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –4.1 22.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 121 Latvia Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 62 GDP ($ billions) 31.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,250 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 11,743 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 67.4 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 7,128 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,486 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 54.0 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.2 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 307 613 Threatened species, birds 9 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 6 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 1 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 120 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.9 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.5 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 44.3 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,159 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 32.3 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,473 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 43.1 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 46.9 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.8 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,396 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.5 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 13 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 82 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 91 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 12 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 83 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.0 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 23.6 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.2 9.5 8.4 122 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lebanon 10 GDP ($ billions) 45.7 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,030 8,722 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,809 6,541 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 87.7 63.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 33 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 48,067 3,893 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,384 2,330 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.4 2.1 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.7 11.7 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 203 916 Threatened species, birds 12 279 1,366 Threatened species, fish 27 575 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 5 259 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.1 4,782 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.4 2.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.7 9.8 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 3.8 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,573 2,190 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.8 0.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,758 2,876 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.4 89.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.6 3.1 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.7 6.0 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,056 554 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 27.3 133.6 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 85 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 93 95   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 91   Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 91 80   Rural (% of rural population) 81 87 67   Urban (% of urban population) 81 93 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 24 32 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 4.1 37.7 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.1 11.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.5 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –7.7 16.3 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 123 Lesotho Population (millions) 21 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 2.2 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,330 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,117 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 26.8 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 74 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 365 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 755 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.6 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.5 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 7 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 1 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.95 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.5 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 40.1 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,480 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 77 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 95 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 28 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 37 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 82 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 90 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.3 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.0 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.7 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.6 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 29.2 5.5 17.2 124 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Liberia 96 GDP ($ billions) 2.0 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 370 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 249 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 49.3 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 28 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 417 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,077 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.4 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.5 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 24 891 623 Threatened species, birds 13 876 610 Threatened species, fish 62 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 50 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9.5 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.4 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.2 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 109 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 45,490 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 63 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 89 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 17 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 28 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 23 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 22 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 70 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 5.2 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.5 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 26.6 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –27.9 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 125 Libya Population (millions) 6.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,760 GDP ($ billions) 41.1 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,820 8,722 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,091 6,541 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 78.4 63.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 9 33 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 3,893 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 829 2,330 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.1 2.1 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.3 11.7 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 11 203 916 Threatened species, birds 6 279 1,366 Threatened species, fish 32 575 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 3 259 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 25.0 4,782 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –4.8 2.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –9.4 9.8 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.3 3.8 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,711 2,190 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.0 0.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,923 2,876 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 89.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.2 6.0 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 112 554 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 618.0 133.6 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 85 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 93 95   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 91   Urban (% of urban population) .. 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 91 80   Rural (% of rural population) 96 87 67   Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 28 32 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.7 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.3 11.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 15.9 9.5 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 16.3 23.7 126 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 37 Land area (sq. km) Liechtenstein 160 GDP ($ billions) 5.5 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 115,530 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 14.3 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.8 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 44.3 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 0 307 613 Threatened species, birds 2 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 0 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.6 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 127 Lithuania Population (millions) 2.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63 GDP ($ billions) 48.4 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,410 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,450 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 66.5 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 12,245 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,975 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.8 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.8 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 307 613 Threatened species, birds 9 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 6 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 2 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 154 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.7 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.8 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 30.6 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,357 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.1 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,664 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 57.5 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.4 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,272 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 15.4 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 90 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 83 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.6 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.0 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 15.5 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.1 9.5 8.4 128 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 556 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Luxembourg 2.6 GDP ($ billions) 64.9 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 75,960 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 62,283 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 89.9 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 29,914 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,936 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.6 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 34.6 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 0 307 613 Threatened species, birds 3 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 1 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,310 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.1 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 14,193 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.8 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.4 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 20.9 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,798 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.5 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.9 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.8 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.5 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 129 Macao SAR, China Population (thousands) 578 Land area (sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 55.5 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 76,270 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 0 891 613 Threatened species, birds 4 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 5 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.5 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.1 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 66.7 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 0.6 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 8.4 130 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Macedonia, FYR 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 11.3 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,150 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,322 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 57.0 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 11,460 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,900 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 39.6 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.7 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 307 916 Threatened species, birds 14 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 13 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.5 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.2 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,349 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.3 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,557 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 73.9 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 26.0 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,602 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.0 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 83 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.1 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.4 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.5 9.5 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 131 Madagascar Population (millions) 23.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 582 GDP ($ billions) 10.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 440 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 378 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 34.5 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 176 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,437 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 21.4 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 119 891 623 Threatened species, birds 35 876 610 Threatened species, fish 87 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 540 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 113 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.7 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.5 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,230 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,991 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 14,297 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.9 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 52 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 35 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 82 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 12 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 9 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 18 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 6 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 8 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 5.6 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –5.3 5.5 0.5 132 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Malawi 94 GDP ($ billions) 4.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 196 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 16.1 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 61 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 253 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,188 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.4 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.8 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 8 891 623 Threatened species, birds 18 876 610 Threatened species, fish 98 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 25 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 121 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.2 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 16.9 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 967 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.4 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 89 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 41 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 40 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 47 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 19 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 18 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 64 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.9 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 10.8 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.8 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 133 Malaysia Population (millions) 29.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 329 GDP ($ billions) 338.1 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,120 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,380 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 74.0 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 10,124 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,906 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 67.6 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.4 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 70 891 916 Threatened species, birds 50 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 75 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 721 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,989 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.9 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.4 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.3 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,600 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7,097 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,020 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.1 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,512 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.4 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.7 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.9 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 19,397 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.9 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 22 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 93 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 96 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 79 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.3 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.8 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.4 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.0 22.7 23.7 134 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 401 Land area (sq. km) Maldives 300 GDP ($ billions) 3.1 Upper South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,410 1,496 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,889 1,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 44.5 32.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 57 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,379 714 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,405 3,066 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.3 17.5 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.7 6.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 249 916 Threatened species, birds 0 238 1,366 Threatened species, fish 19 353 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 0 749 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 129 14,542 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.5 1.9 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 7.3 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.4 2.3 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 8,920 15,440 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 550 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 26.3 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 673 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 78.5 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.4 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.9 1.4 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 75 1,152 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.7 51.6 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 91 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 92 95   Rural (% of rural population) 98 91 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 45 80   Rural (% of rural population) 98 35 67   Urban (% of urban population) 98 65 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 46 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 4 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 53 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 30.7 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 9.6 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.6 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.9 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 135 Mali Population (millions) 17.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,220 GDP ($ billions) 12.0 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 650 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 556 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 39.1 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 34 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 883 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,551 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.9 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.4 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 12 891 623 Threatened species, birds 16 876 610 Threatened species, fish 2 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 8 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 82.0 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.2 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 34.8 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,512 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.6 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 64 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 97 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 25 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 16 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 38 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 36 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 9 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 115 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.4 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.7 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.7 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.9 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.8 5.5 0.5 136 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 427 Land area (sq. km) Malta 320 GDP ($ billions) 9.6 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,000 8,722 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,541 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 95.3 63.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 33 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 36.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 56,327 3,893 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,194 2,330 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.1 2.1 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.1 11.7 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 203 613 Threatened species, birds 5 279 1,070 Threatened species, fish 22 575 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 4 259 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.3 4,782 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.9 2.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.7 9.8 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 4.7 3.8 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,735 2,190 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.8 0.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,736 2,876 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.3 89.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 6.0 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 118 554 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 106.7 133.6 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 35 85 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 91 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 87 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 32 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 23 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.6 37.7 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.5 11.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.2 4.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.5 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 16.3 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 137 Marshall Islands Population (thousands) 53 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ millions)  186.7 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,390 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 72.4 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 72.2 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.9 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 891 916 Threatened species, birds 3 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 14 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 78.7 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 17.5 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,110 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 98 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 56 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 85 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 8 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.1 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 23.7 138 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Mauritania 4.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,031 GDP ($ billions) 5.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 766 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 59.3 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,102 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,206 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.2 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.9 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.0 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 16 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 15 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 43 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 378 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.9 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 32.3 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 101 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 337.5 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 57 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 58 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 14 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 58 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 70 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 85 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.0 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.0 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 15.8 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –17.0 5.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 139 Mauritius Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 12.6 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,630 1,646 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,870 1,447 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 39.8 37.2 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 44 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 22.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,121 722 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,765 1,476 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.2 27.7 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.5 15.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 891 916 Threatened species, birds 9 876 1,366 Threatened species, fish 18 1,996 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 90 3,645 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 14.4 7,242 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.5 1.8 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 16.7 17.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.3 6.1 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 870 17,980 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.2 28,061 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,095 671 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.6 58.5 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,148 488 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.4 65.1 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.3 20.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.1 0.8 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,182 3,987 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 26.4 3.0 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 81 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 68 95   Rural (% of rural population) 100 56 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 30 80   Rural (% of rural population) 93 23 67   Urban (% of urban population) 94 40 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 10 21 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 27 82 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.8 18.8 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.3 8.0 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.9 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.7 5.5 23.7 140 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 125.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mexico 1,944 GDP ($ billions) 1,294.7 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,870 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,361 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 79.0 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,436 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,582 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.0 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 12.9 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 101 640 916 Threatened species, birds 61 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 179 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 382 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,723 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.9 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.6 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 19.0 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,780 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 6,557 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,546 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.7 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,057 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 82.7 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.4 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,262 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 19.6 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 92 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 75 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 88 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 12 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 62 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.1 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.4 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.9 7.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 141 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Population (thousands) 104 Land area (sq. km) 700 GDP ($ millions) 318.1 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 22.4 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 31 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,212 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,368 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 91.4 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.3 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 11 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 21 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 50.5 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.6 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.1 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 4,340 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 87.0 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 87 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 49 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 85 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 4 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 35 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.0 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 23.6 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 17.2 142 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Moldova 33 GDP ($ billions) 8.0 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,560 25,424 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,259 21,296 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 44.9 70.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 30 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,638 11,454 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,164 3,799 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.4 38.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.7 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.8 12.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 307 1,079 Threatened species, birds 12 633 1,178 Threatened species, fish 8 1,200 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 2 1,136 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 9.1 17,916 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.1 –1.2 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 12.7 2.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 863 3,216 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.7 5.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,353 5,437 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.0 50.6 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.9 16.9 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 7.5 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 456 7,866 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 65.7 7.5 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 36 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 98 90   Rural (% of rural population) 81 96 87   Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 93 52   Rural (% of rural population) 67 89 42   Urban (% of urban population) 88 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 15 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.5 21.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 15.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.0 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.8 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 143 Monaco Population (thousands) 38 Land area (sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 6.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 53.4 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 307 613 Threatened species, birds 0 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 15 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.00 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –7.5 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 100.3 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 8.4 144 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mongolia 1,554 GDP ($ billions) 12.0 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,280 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,143 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 71.2 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 73 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,301 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,647 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.1 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.2 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 10 891 916 Threatened species, birds 24 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 2 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.05 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –14.3 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,826 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.7 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,909 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.3 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.9 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,959 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 44 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 64 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 59 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 66 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 60 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 43 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 66 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 8 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 17 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.6 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.1 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.3 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.8 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.4 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.2 22.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 145 Montenegro Population (thousands) 622 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 13 GDP ($ billions) 4.6 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,320 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 63.8 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,939 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,452 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 61.5 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.1 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 307 916 Threatened species, birds 14 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 32 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 2 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.4 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,651 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.5 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,618 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 36.5 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 63.5 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.1 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 92 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 93 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 4.9 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 23.7 146 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 33.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  Morocco 446 GDP ($ billions) 110.0 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,070 8,722 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,710 6,541 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 59.7 63.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 68 33 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 4.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,600 3,893 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,454 2,330 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.6 2.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –0.9 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 33.6 11.7 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 16 203 1,079 Threatened species, birds 15 279 1,178 Threatened species, fish 54 575 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 36 259 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,369 4,782 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.9 2.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.3 9.8 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 3.8 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 564 2,190 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.5 0.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 866 2,876 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 84.7 89.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.0 3.1 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 6.0 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 855 554 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 36.0 133.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 93 90   Rural (% of rural population) 65 89 87   Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 91 52   Rural (% of rural population) 66 87 42   Urban (% of urban population) 84 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 32 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.5 37.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.2 11.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.5 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.6 16.3 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 147 Mozambique Population (millions) 27.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 786 GDP ($ billions) 15.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 600 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 511 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 31.9 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 303 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 703 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 48.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.2 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 13 891 623 Threatened species, birds 29 876 610 Threatened species, fish 63 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 84 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 260 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.0 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 18.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,860 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,909 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 407 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 79.8 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 436 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.3 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 97.7 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,685 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.9 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 78 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 37 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 81 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 21 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 10 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 42 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 13 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.6 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.5 5.5 0.5 148 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 53.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Myanmar 653 GDP ($ billions) 64.3 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,010 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 33.6 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,707 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 44.5 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.1 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 7.2 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 46 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 48 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 43 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 61 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5,048 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.9 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 17.7 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,870 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 5,029 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 313 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 65.3 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 164 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.3 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 74.7 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,770 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 3.3 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 74 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 77 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 84 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 29 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 50 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.9 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.7 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.9 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 149 Namibia Population (millions) 2.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 823 GDP ($ billions) 13.0 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,630 1,646 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,787 1,447 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 45.7 37.2 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 44 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,265 722 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 421 1,476 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.4 27.7 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.9 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.9 15.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 13 891 916 Threatened species, birds 28 876 1,366 Threatened species, fish 33 1,996 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 28 3,645 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 445 7,242 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.0 1.8 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 19.9 17.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 28.1 6.1 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 742 671 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.2 58.5 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,611 488 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 4.4 65.1 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 95.6 20.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 0.8 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,564 3,987 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.7 3.0 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 81 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 68 95   Rural (% of rural population) 85 56 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 30 80   Rural (% of rural population) 17 23 67   Urban (% of urban population) 55 40 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 8 21 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 15 82 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 17 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 45 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.7 18.8 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 8.0 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.3 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 1.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.9 5.5 23.7 150 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 28.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Nepal 143 GDP ($ billions) 19.8 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 1,496 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 632 1,314 539 Urban population (% of total) 18.2 32.6 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 29 57 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 29.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 271 714 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,748 3,066 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.4 17.5 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.9 6.6 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 31 249 62z3 Threatened species, birds 36 238 610 Threatened species, fish 7 353 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 17 749 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 64.9 14,542 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.8 1.9 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.9 7.3 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 2.3 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 10,343 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 370 550 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 80.6 26.3 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 128 673 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.3 78.5 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.7 13.4 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 1.4 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,035 1,152 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.8 51.6 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 91 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 92 66   Rural (% of rural population) 92 91 56   Urban (% of urban population) 91 95 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 46 45 28   Rural (% of rural population) 44 35 23   Urban (% of urban population) 56 65 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 46 46 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 .. 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 .. 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 53 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 40.6 30.7 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.6 9.6 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.8 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 5.8 1.6 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.0 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 32.7 18.9 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 151 Netherlands Population (millions) 16.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 34 GDP ($ billions) 879.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 51,860 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 43,942 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 89.9 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 70,853 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 9,074 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 11.2 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.6 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 307 613 Threatened species, birds 8 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 15 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 3 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 430 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.1 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.6 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 57.7 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,605 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.5 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,821 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 83.2 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.1 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 652 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 97.0 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.6 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.4 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.5 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.9 9.5 8.4 152 2016  The Little Green Data Book New Caledonia Population (thousands) 266 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ millions) .. East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 69.7 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 10 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,230 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.9 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 54.3 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 891 613 Threatened species, birds 16 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 31 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 286 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.7 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.1 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.5 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 56.6 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,980 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 227 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 15.2 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) 99 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 153 New Zealand Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 263 GDP ($ billions)  200.0 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,070 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 36,053 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 86.3 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 28,677 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 8,054 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.6 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 32.5 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 891 613 Threatened species, birds 67 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 35 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 23 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 553 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.6 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.8 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 12.5 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 261 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,392 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.9 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,084 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.7 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 53.3 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.1 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 72,510 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 2 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.1 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.5 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.4 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.8 22.7 8.4 154 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Nicaragua 120 GDP ($ billions) 11.8 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,870 9,912 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,689 8,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 58.5 79.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 38 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,973 4,755 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,945 4,127 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 25.9 46.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.2 0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.1 23.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 640 1,079 Threatened species, birds 15 1,010 1,178 Threatened species, fish 38 1,527 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 44 5,008 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 81.3 13,956 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.0 –4.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 13.1 8.7 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 37.7 15.5 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 20,320 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 671 41,330 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 594 1,373 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 41.3 16.2 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 598 2,118 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 47.7 42.3 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.0 46.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 2.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25,973 22,162 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.0 2.4 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 95 90   Rural (% of rural population) 69 84 87   Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 68 83 52   Rural (% of rural population) 56 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 77 88 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 14 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 4 56 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 18 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.9 18.3 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.2 11.1 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 1.0 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 5.6 0.3 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.7 7.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 155 Niger Population (millions) 19.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,267 GDP ($ billions) 8.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 345 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 18.5 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 436 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.9 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.9 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 17.6 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 12 891 623 Threatened species, birds 11 876 610 Threatened species, fish 4 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 3 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 47.3 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.9 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 24.7 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 152 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 73.2 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 49 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.1 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 183 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 28.1 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 67 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 49 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 11 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 5 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 38 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 38 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 14 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 96 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.8 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.4 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.7 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 8.5 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.0 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.7 5.5 0.5 156 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 177.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Nigeria 911 GDP ($ billions) 568.5 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,970 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,742 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 46.9 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 78 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,760 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,594 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.7 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.2 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 29 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 21 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 71 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 198 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,073 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.0 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 19.5 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 7,356 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 773 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 81.5 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 142 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.6 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.4 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,245 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.9 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 69 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 57 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 81 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 29 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 25 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 33 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 30 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 10 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 109 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.9 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.8 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.8 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.0 5.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 157 Northern Mariana Islands Population (thousands) 55 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions)  .. East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 89.3 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 63.0 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.6 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.4 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 891 613 Threatened species, birds 16 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 14 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 5 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.4 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 10.6 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 20.4 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) <50 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.07 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) 80 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 80 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 8.4 158 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Norway 365 GDP ($ billions) 499.8 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 103,620 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 76,874 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 80.2 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 78,464 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,312 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.2 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 29.2 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 307 613 Threatened species, birds 7 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 23 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 14 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,788 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.2 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.4 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 60.7 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,439 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.9 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 23,326 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.0 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 96.1 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.2 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 74,364 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 29 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 6 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 6 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.0 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.7 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.8 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.1 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.0 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 159 Oman Population (millions) 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 310 GDP ($ billions) 81.8 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,870 8,722 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 8,749 6,541 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 77.2 63.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 33 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 3,893 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 11,538 2,330 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 2.1 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.7 11.7 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 203 613 Threatened species, birds 13 279 1,070 Threatened species, fish 27 575 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 6 259 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 211 4,782 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.1 2.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 9.8 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 3.8 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 530 15,470 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.9 513 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,232 2,190 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,981 2,876 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 89.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 20.2 6.0 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 330 554 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 94.4 133.6 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 85 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 93 99   Rural (% of rural population) 86 89 97   Urban (% of urban population) 96 96 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 91 96   Rural (% of rural population) 95 87 93   Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 30 32 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 23 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.4 37.7 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.1 11.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 4.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 34.9 9.5 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –20.1 16.3 8.4 160 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 185.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Pakistan 771 GDP ($ billions) 243.6 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,400 1,496 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,287 1,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 38.3 32.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 57 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 51.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,087 714 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,747 3,066 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.9 17.5 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 2.0 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.8 6.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 24 249 1,079 Threatened species, birds 32 238 1,178 Threatened species, fish 36 353 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 12 749 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 623 14,542 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.8 1.9 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 19.3 7.3 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.6 2.3 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,440 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 977 10,343 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 475 550 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 35.3 26.3 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 450 673 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 63.3 78.5 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 31.9 13.4 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 1.4 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 297 1,152 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 333.6 51.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 92 90   Rural (% of rural population) 90 91 87   Urban (% of urban population) 94 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 64 45 52   Rural (% of rural population) 51 35 42   Urban (% of urban population) 83 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 46 46 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 23 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 81 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.6 30.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.8 9.6 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 1.6 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.0 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.1 18.9 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 161 Palau Population (thousands) 21 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) 250.6 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,110 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 86.5 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,341 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 87.0 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.0 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 891 916 Threatened species, birds 5 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 16 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.91 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.4 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 12.6 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 31.4 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,150 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48.5 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.9 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 86 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 97 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 100 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.0 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 23.7 162 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Panama 74 GDP ($ billions) 46.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,130 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,779 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 66.3 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 30 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,187 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,897 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.1 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.6 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 16 640 916 Threatened species, birds 22 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 53 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 203 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 170 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.5 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 13.4 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.4 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 720 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,744 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,057 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.8 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,038 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 27.7 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 71.9 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.6 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 35,320 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 89 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 58 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 84 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 4 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.2 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.3 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 24.3 7.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 163 Papua New Guinea Population (millions) 7.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 453 GDP ($ billions) 16.9 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,240 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,700 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 13.0 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,971 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 74.1 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.1 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 39 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 37 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 50 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 151 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 261 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.2 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 25.7 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.4 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 13,840 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4,265 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 107,321 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.0 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 40 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 33 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 88 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 19 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 13 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 56 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 6 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 4 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 57 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.3 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 10.7 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 17.2 164 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Paraguay 397 GDP ($ billions) 30.9 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,400 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,934 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 59.4 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 54 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,203 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,277 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 38.6 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.4 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.5 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 10 640 916 Threatened species, birds 27 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 0 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 19 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 24.5 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.5 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 35.8 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 764 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 43.7 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,473 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 100.0 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,856 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.1 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 78 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 66 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.9 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.9 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 5.3 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.0 7.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 165 Peru Population (millions) 31.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,280 GDP ($ billions) 202.6 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,360 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,449 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 78.3 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 19 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,905 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,007 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 57.8 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 31.4 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 55 640 916 Threatened species, birds 120 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 22 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 318 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3,714 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –7.5 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 22.7 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 6.8 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 53.1 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 708 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.5 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,270 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 47.0 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 51.6 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 52,981 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.8 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 69 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 91 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 53 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 83 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 13 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 49 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 7 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 12 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.3 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.8 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.3 7.7 23.7 166 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 99.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Philippines 298 GDP ($ billions) 284.8 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,500 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,112 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 44.5 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,148 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,637 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 27.0 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.0 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 39 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 89 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 77 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 239 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,692 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.5 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.5 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.5 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 25,060 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,565 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 457 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 18.3 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 692 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 73.6 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.3 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,832 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.0 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 90 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 94 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 74 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 71 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 78 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 34 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 6 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 8 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 38.2 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 28.7 22.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 167 Poland Population (millions) 38.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 306 GDP ($ billions) 545.0 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,680 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 12,115 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 60.6 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 47 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,598 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,268 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 30.8 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 30.0 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 307 613 Threatened species, birds 11 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 8 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 13 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 228 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.0 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.8 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 52.7 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,565 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.5 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,938 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 89.5 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.5 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.3 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,410 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 21.4 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 97 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 97 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.8 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.0 9.5 8.4 168 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Portugal 92 GDP ($ billions) 230.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,360 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 18,006 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 62.9 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 13.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 9,659 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,438 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.7 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.1 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 12 307 613 Threatened species, birds 12 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 62 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 82 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 194 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.4 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.0 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.5 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,083 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.7 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,685 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 41.1 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 27.2 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.7 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,653 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 24.1 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 10 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 37 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.1 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.4 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.4 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 169 Puerto Rico Population (millions) 3.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8.9 GDP ($ billions) 103.1 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,310 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 93.6 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 22 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 10.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 64,704 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,879 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 55.9 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.3 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 640 613 Threatened species, birds 8 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 30 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 57 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.1 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –9.3 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –13.6 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 480 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 73.9 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,001 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.0 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 7 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.2 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 170 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Qatar 12 GDP ($ billions) 210.1 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 92,200 8,722 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 62,298 6,541 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 99.2 63.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 6 33 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 18,586 3,893 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,548 2,330 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 2.1 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.2 11.7 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 203 613 Threatened species, birds 8 279 1,070 Threatened species, fish 12 575 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 259 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 16.3 4,782 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.0 2.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 9.8 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.6 3.8 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 15,470 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 12.3 513 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 19,120 2,190 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,471 2,876 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 89.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 44.0 6.0 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26 554 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 792.9 133.6 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 85 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 91 96   Rural (% of rural population) 98 87 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 93 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 38 32 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 23 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 61.0 37.7 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.8 11.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 4.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 13.8 9.5 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 29.6 16.3 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 171 Romania Population (millions) 19.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 230 GDP ($ billions) 199.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,520 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,498 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 54.4 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 13,478 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,069 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 29.8 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.5 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.8 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 307 916 Threatened species, birds 18 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 22 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 5 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.9 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.9 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.9 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 42.8 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,592 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.1 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,495 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 45.7 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 25.6 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,129 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 16.2 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 17 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 63 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 92 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.7 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.1 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.6 9.5 23.7 172 2016  The Little Green Data Book Russian Federation Population (millions) 143.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 16,377 GDP ($ billions) 1,860.6 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,220 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,677 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 73.9 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 13 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,301 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,443 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 49.8 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 11.4 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 29 307 613 Threatened species, birds 54 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 40 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 59 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4,396 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.4 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.5 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 11.5 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,093 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.0 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,539 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.2 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 17.1 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.6 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 29,989 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 91 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 72 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 59 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 77 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 73 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.3 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.9 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 8.8 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.9 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 173 Rwanda Population (millions) 11.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 7.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 586 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 27.8 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 75 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 312 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,920 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 19.5 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.6 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.4 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 23 891 623 Threatened species, birds 16 876 610 Threatened species, fish 9 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 8 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 26.7 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.9 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 13.5 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 838 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 72 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 87 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 62 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 63 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 59 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 42 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.8 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.6 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 5.6 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.8 5.5 0.5 174 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 192 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Samoa 2.8 GDP ($ millions) 800.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,060 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,583 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 19.3 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 12 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,018 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 60.4 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.8 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 6 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 14 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 2 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.5 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.0 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.1 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 490 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3.7 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.3 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 99 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 91 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 175 San Marino Population (thousands) 32 Land area (sq. km) 60 GDP ($ billions) .. Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 94.2 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.0 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 0 307 613 Threatened species, birds 0 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 0 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) .. 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 8.4 176 2016  The Little Green Data Book São Tomé and Príncipe Population (thousands) 186 Land area (sq. km) 960 GDP ($ millions) 337.4 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,670 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,604 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 64.5 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 51 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 835 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 471 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 56.3 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.0 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 13 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 25 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 38 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5.7 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.1 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.4 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,699 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.3 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 94 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 99 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 35 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 23 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 41 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 9 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 47 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 177 Saudi Arabia Population (millions) 30.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,150 GDP ($ billions) 753.8 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,140 8,722 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 17,587 6,541 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 82.9 63.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 81 33 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 27,684 3,893 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,943 2,330 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 0.5 2.1 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 31.3 11.7 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 203 613 Threatened species, birds 18 279 1,070 Threatened species, fish 31 575 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 3 259 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 92.5 4,782 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.4 2.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 10.4 9.8 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.4 3.8 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 6,660 15,470 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 204 513 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,363 2,190 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 0.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,741 2,876 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.7 89.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 18.1 6.0 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 78 554 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 986.3 133.6 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 85 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 93 99   Rural (% of rural population) 97 89 97   Urban (% of urban population) 97 96 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 91 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 87 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 54 32 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 23 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 43.4 37.7 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.2 11.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.2 4.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 20.4 9.5 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.0 16.3 8.4 178 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 14.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Senegal 193 GDP ($ billions) 15.7 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,050 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 931 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 43.4 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 362 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,110 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 43.0 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.2 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 17 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 16 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 54 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 11 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 460 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.4 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 17.6 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 14.4 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,279 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 261 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 46.7 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 219 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.3 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.3 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,758 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.6 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 67 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 93 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 34 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 65 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 41 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 19 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 47 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.3 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.4 5.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 179 Serbia Population (millions) 7.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 87 GDP ($ billions) 43.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,820 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 55.5 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 58 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,299 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,966 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.1 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.7 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.8 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 307 916 Threatened species, birds 13 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 15 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 6 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 10.8 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,078 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.0 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,444 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 73.9 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 26.0 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.8 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,179 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 49.0 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 94 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.1 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.1 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 23.7 180 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 91 Land area (sq. km) Seychelles 455 GDP ($ billions) 1.4 Sub- Saharan High- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,120 1,646 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 12,814 1,447 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 53.6 37.2 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 3 44 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 923 722 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 1,476 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 90.1 27.7 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 42.1 15.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 891 613 Threatened species, birds 11 876 1,070 Threatened species, fish 20 1,996 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 62 3,645 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 75.1 7,242 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.1 1.8 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.0 6.1 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,690 17,980 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 32.3 28,061 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.8 0.8 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 3,987 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 3.0 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 7 81 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 68 99   Rural (% of rural population) 96 56 97   Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 30 96   Rural (% of rural population) 98 23 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 40 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 21 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 82 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 83 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.4 18.8 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 8.0 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 3.2 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.9 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.9 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 181 Sierra Leone Population (millions) 6.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 72 GDP ($ billions) 4.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 582 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 39.6 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 55 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 926 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,721 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.2 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 10.9 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 22 891 623 Threatened species, birds 15 876 610 Threatened species, fish 56 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 62 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 207 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.5 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.8 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.8 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,049 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25,334 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 22 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 63 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 48 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 85 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 7 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 23 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 24 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 5 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 11 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 120 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.2 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.2 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 7.6 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 2.1 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.7 5.5 0.5 182 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (sq. km) Singapore 707 GDP ($ billions) 307.9 East Asia High- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 55,150 9,731 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 47,042 8,038 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 55.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 48 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 76,144 922 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 22.6 26.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.8 15.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 12 891 613 Threatened species, birds 17 1,095 1,070 Threatened species, fish 26 1,430 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 58 3,453 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6.4 130,639 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –9.0 1.3 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.2 6.6 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.5 17.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 203,050 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 4.6 67,121 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,833 2,073 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.6 7.8 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,840 3,568 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 97.1 77.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 13.8 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.3 5.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 110 4,525 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 90 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 40 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 91 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 17 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 48.2 37.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 15.3 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 36.9 22.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 183 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Population (thousands) 38 Land area (sq. km) 34 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) .. 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 613 Threatened species, birds 0 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.25 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 184 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Slovak Republic 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 100.2 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,750 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 13,935 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 53.8 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 40 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 21,577 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,039 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 40.3 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 36.6 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 307 613 Threatened species, birds 11 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 5 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 10 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.1 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.7 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.5 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,178 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.1 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,202 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 22.3 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 17.0 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.4 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,325 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.5 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 98 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.4 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.6 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.3 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 185 Slovenia Population (millions) 2.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 20 GDP ($ billions) 49.5 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,580 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 18,949 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 49.7 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 166,068 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,490 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 62.0 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 53.6 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 307 613 Threatened species, birds 8 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 33 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 11 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.9 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –10.2 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.4 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 98.5 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,323 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.2 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,833 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 34.1 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 29.2 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.5 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,054 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 5.0 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 99 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 99 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 95 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.8 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 20.4 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.8 9.5 8.4 186 2016  The Little Green Data Book Solomon Islands Population (thousands) 572 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 1.2 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,830 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,056 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 21.9 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 4 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,104 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 78.1 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.2 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 20 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 25 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 19 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 17 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 89.3 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.7 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 65.9 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.9 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 5,750 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 603 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 78,123 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 77 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 93 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 15 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 81 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 5 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 1 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.1 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.9 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.2 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 30.8 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 187 Somalia Population (millions) 10.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 627 GDP ($ billions) 5.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 39.1 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 730 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.1 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.0 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.6 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 13 891 623 Threatened species, birds 18 876 610 Threatened species, fish 27 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 43 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 30.0 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.6 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 48.0 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 570 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 55.0 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 99 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 32 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 9 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 70 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 6 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 52 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 10 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 29 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 137 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.0 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 8.6 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 0.5 188 2016  The Little Green Data Book South Africa Population (millions) 54.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,213 GDP ($ billions) 350.1 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,800 1,646 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 5,224 1,447 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 64.3 37.2 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 80 44 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.7 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 7,238 722 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,320 1,476 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.6 27.7 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.5 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.9 15.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 25 891 916 Threatened species, birds 46 876 1,366 Threatened species, fish 103 1,996 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 116 3,645 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 616 7,242 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.6 1.8 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.7 17.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 13.4 6.1 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 30.5 28,061 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,658 671 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.8 58.5 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,328 488 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.7 65.1 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.5 20.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.3 0.8 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 830 3,987 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 27.9 3.0 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 63 81 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 68 95   Rural (% of rural population) 81 56 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 87 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 66 30 80   Rural (% of rural population) 61 23 67   Urban (% of urban population) 70 40 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 21 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 69 82 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 41 83 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.3 18.8 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.1 8.0 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 3.8 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 1.4 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.9 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.1 5.5 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 189 South Sudan Population (millions) 11.9 Land area (sq. km) .. GDP ($ billions) 13.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 970 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 18.6 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,254 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) .. 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 20.8 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 9 891 623 Threatened species, birds 19 876 610 Threatened species, fish 0 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 16 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 37.0 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 59 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 27.6 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 39 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.6 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,183 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.5 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 36 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 59 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 57 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 67 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 7 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 5 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 16 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 93 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 16.1 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 0.5 190 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 46.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Spain 500 GDP ($ billions) 1,381.3 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,390 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 24,288 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 79.4 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 54 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 13.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 41,740 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,253 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.8 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.6 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.0 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 16 307 613 Threatened species, birds 15 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 77 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 219 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1,394 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.3 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.7 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 7.5 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,504 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.0 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,401 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 40.6 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 13.2 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.8 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,393 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 30.2 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 64 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 12 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 70 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.8 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.9 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.6 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 191 Sri Lanka Population (millions) 20.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63 GDP ($ billions) 78.8 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,440 1,496 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,289 1,314 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 18.3 32.6 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 57 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,024 714 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,801 3,066 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.0 17.5 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.4 –0.4 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 23.2 6.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 30 249 1,079 Threatened species, birds 16 238 1,178 Threatened species, fish 46 353 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 291 749 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 572 14,542 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.3 1.9 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 15.7 7.3 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.3 2.3 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 680 15,440 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 88.8 10,343 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 488 550 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 48.0 26.3 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 526 673 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 40.1 78.5 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 57.5 13.4 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 1.4 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,542 1,152 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 24.5 51.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 91 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 92 90   Rural (% of rural population) 95 91 87   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 45 52   Rural (% of rural population) 97 35 42   Urban (% of urban population) 88 65 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 46 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 53 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.4 30.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.1 9.6 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.4 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.6 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.9 1.0 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.3 18.9 17.2 192 2016  The Little Green Data Book St. Kitts and Nevis Population (thousands) 55 Land area (sq. km) 260 GDP ($ millions) 852.2 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,920 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 32.0 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 23 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 13.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,226 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 42.3 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.3 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 613 Threatened species, birds 1 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 66.1 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 35.5 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.5 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 180 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.68 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 437 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 65.0 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.4 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.0 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 193 St. Lucia Population (thousands) 184 Land area (sq. km) 610 GDP ($ billions) 1.4 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,260 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,029 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 18.5 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 17 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,443 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.8 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.9 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 916 Threatened species, birds 5 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 6 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.1 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.1 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 29.2 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.2 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 160 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1.9 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,634 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.3 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 96 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 92 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 85 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.9 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.3 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 23.7 194 2016  The Little Green Data Book St. Martin (French part) Population (thousands) 32 Land area (sq. km) 54 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) .. 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) .. 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 18.4 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 613 Threatened species, birds 0 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 3 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.09 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 195 St. Vincent & the Grenadines Population (thousands) 109 Land area (sq. km) 390 GDP ($ millions) 729.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,610 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 6,267 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 50.2 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,151 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 24,486 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 69.2 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 22.5 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 916 Threatened species, birds 2 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 5 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 81.4 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 9.5 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.2 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 140 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.90 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 914 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 8.5 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 14 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –4.7 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.9 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 23.7 196 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 39.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,376b Sudan GDP ($ billions) 73.8 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,710 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,710 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 33.6 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 46b 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.4b .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,390b 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 683 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.1b 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 1.7 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 12 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 23 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 22 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 16 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 36.0 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.1b 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.1b 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,720b 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) b 9.8 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 375 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 62.9 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 159 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 19.1 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 80.9 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3b 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 102 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 673.3 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 96 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 56 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 50 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 66 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 24 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 13 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 44 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 27 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 70 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.2 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 1.9 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.2 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.1 5.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 197 Suriname Population (thousands) 538 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 156 GDP ($ billions) 5.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,950 9,912 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 7,092 8,314 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 66.1 79.6 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 38 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,802 4,755 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,433 4,127 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 98.3 46.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.7 23.3 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 640 916 Threatened species, birds 9 1,010 1,366 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 26 5,008 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 38.4 13,956 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.3 –4.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –9.7 8.7 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 22.9 15.5 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 510 41,330 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.6 2.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 183,930 22,162 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 0.6 2.4 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 95   Rural (% of rural population) 88 84 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 83 80   Rural (% of rural population) 61 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 88 88 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 14 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 75 56 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 18 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.7 11.1 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 4.9 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.2 2.6 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.6 1.0 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 23.7 198 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Swaziland 17 GDP ($ billions) 4.4 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,550 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,787 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 21.3 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,450 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 938 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 34.1 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.0 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 13 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 4 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 11 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.17 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.9 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.7 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,080 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 39.5 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 69 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 58 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 56 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 63 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 10 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 74 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.2 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.2 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.2 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –1.6 5.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 199 Sweden Population (millions) 9.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 407 GDP ($ billions) 571.1 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 61,570 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 50,996 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 85.7 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 7 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.0 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 41,410 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,650 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 68.9 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 14.8 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 307 613 Threatened species, birds 8 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 15 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 14 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 196 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –4.3 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 7.3 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.5 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,132 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 23.4 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 13,870 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.5 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 40.1 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.5 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,636 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 12 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.2 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.1 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.1 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.8 9.5 8.4 200 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Switzerland 8.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 40 GDP ($ billions) 701.0 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 84,720 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 67,112 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 73.8 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 39 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 2.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 28,730 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 6,727 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 31.7 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 9.9 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 307 613 Threatened species, birds 6 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 9 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 10 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.5 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.8 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.7 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,304 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.2 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,807 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.2 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 55.9 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.6 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,934 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.9 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 18 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 96 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.7 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.1 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.0 9.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 201 Syrian Arab Republic Population (millions) 22.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 184 GDP ($ billions) .. Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 8,722 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,541 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 57.3 63.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 76 33 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 3,893 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,063 2,330 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.7 2.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.9 –0.9 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.7 11.7 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 15 203 1,079 Threatened species, birds 18 279 1,178 Threatened species, fish 50 575 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 4 259 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 7.3 4,782 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.0 2.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –5.7 9.8 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.6 3.8 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 592 2,190 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 999 2,876 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.4 89.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.6 3.1 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 6.0 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 322 554 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 235.0 133.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 93 90   Rural (% of rural population) 87 89 87   Urban (% of urban population) 92 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 91 52   Rural (% of rural population) 95 87 42   Urban (% of urban population) 96 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 24 32 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 9.5 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 16.3 17.2 202 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Tajikistan 140 GDP ($ billions) 9.2 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,080 25,424 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,046 21,296 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 26.7 70.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 30 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 14.8 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,167 11,454 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,153 3,799 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 2.9 38.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 21.9 12.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 6 307 1,079 Threatened species, birds 15 633 1,178 Threatened species, fish 5 1,200 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 12 1,136 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 1.6 17,916 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.9 –1.2 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 12.4 2.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 303 3,216 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 5.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,682 5,437 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.3 50.6 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.7 16.9 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 7.5 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,650 7,866 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 18.1 7.5 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 36 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 98 90   Rural (% of rural population) 67 96 87   Urban (% of urban population) 93 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 93 52   Rural (% of rural population) 96 89 42   Urban (% of urban population) 94 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 20 15 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 85 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 1 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 45 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.3 21.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.0 15.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.3 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 203 Tanzania Population (millions) 51.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 886 GDP ($ billions) 48.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 920 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 839 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 30.9 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 356 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,660 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.0 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.8 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 32.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 38 891 623 Threatened species, birds 47 876 610 Threatened species, fish 175 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 602 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 353 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.3 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 16.5 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 18.2 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 3,580 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,287 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 470 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 85.0 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 89 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 68.6 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 30.8 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,621 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 6.2 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 56 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 46 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 77 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 16 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 8 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 31 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 29 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 49 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.7 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.5 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.1 5.5 0.5 204 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 67.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Thailand 511 GDP ($ billions) 404.8 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,780 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 4,480 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 49.2 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,133 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,103 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 32.1 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.2 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.8 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 54 891 916 Threatened species, birds 51 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 99 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 150 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2,704 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.7 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.7 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 5.2 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 2,130 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2,484 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,988 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 18.4 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,471 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.5 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.5 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.5 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,315 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 25.5 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 98 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 96 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 90 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 22 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 92 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.0 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.2 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.0 22.7 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 205 Timor-Leste Population (millions) 1.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15 GDP ($ billions) 1.4 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,680 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 32.1 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 26 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 373 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,923 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 46.1 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.3 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 8.7 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 4 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 6 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 6 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 1 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 4.8 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.9 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.8 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 18.0 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,777 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 14.3 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 72 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 61 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 41 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 27 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 69 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 6 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 2 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 53 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 59.1 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 2.4 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 17.2 206 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 7.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Togo 54 GDP ($ billions) 4.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 570 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 494 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 39.5 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 70 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 681 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,146 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.5 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 4.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 25.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 11 891 623 Threatened species, birds 11 876 610 Threatened species, fish 35 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 12 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 19.9 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.8 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.6 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.8 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) 10.9 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 463 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 79.9 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 148 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 15.3 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 80.2 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,616 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.5 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 63 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 44 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 91 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 12 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 3 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 25 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 25 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 3 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 15 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 78 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) –6.9 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.7 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.7 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –19.5 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 207 Tonga Population (thousands) 106 Land area (sq. km) 720 GDP ($ millions) 434.4 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,260 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,798 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 23.6 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 43 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 3,879 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 12.5 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.9 d15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 891 916 Threatened species, birds 5 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 13 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 4 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.1 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –4.9 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –32.6 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 9.6 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,500 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3.4 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 100 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 89 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 98 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.7 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.6 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 23.7 208 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Trinidad and Tobago 1.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.1 GDP ($ billions) 28.9 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,070 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 16,310 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 8.6 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 9.3 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 1,888 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,346 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 45.6 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 32.5 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 613 Threatened species, birds 5 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 35 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 2 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 13.0 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.6 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –9.5 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.0 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) <100 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 65.7 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 14,538 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,876 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 37.1 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,835 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 10.0 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 95 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 92 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 92 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 35 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.4 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.9 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 13.4 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.9 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –14.4 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 209 Tunisia Population (millions) 11.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 155 GDP ($ billions) 48.6 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,230 8,722 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 3,390 6,541 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 66.6 63.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 64 33 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 3.9 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 4,524 3,893 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,833 2,330 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 6.7 2.1 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.6 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 5.4 11.7 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 13 203 916 Threatened species, birds 10 279 1,366 Threatened species, fish 39 575 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 7 259 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 123 4,782 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.2 2.1 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 15.2 9.8 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.7 3.8 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 956 2,190 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.3 0.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,435 2,876 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.5 89.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.3 3.1 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.4 6.0 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 381 554 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 78.8 133.6 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 85 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 93 95   Rural (% of rural population) 93 89 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 91 80   Rural (% of rural population) 80 87 67   Urban (% of urban population) 97 93 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 16 32 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 23 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.8 37.7 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.6 11.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 9.5 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.2 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.7 16.3 23.7 210 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 75.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Turkey 770 GDP ($ billions) 798.4 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,830 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 9,762 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 72.9 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 50 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 13.6 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 6,855 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,831 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 15.2 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.2 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 16 307 916 Threatened species, birds 20 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 131 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 104 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 537 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.6 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 8.1 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.4 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,553 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.2 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,789 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.1 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 24.7 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.4 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,990 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.7 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) 86 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) 98 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 17 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.9 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.8 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.8 9.5 23.7 The Little Green Data Book  2016 211 Turkmenistan Population (millions) 5.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) 47.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,020 25,424 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,583 21,296 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 49.7 70.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 30 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 11,454 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,783 3,799 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 8.8 38.0 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.2 12.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 8 307 916 Threatened species, birds 20 633 1,366 Threatened species, fish 11 1,200 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 4 1,136 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 15.0 17,916 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.5 –1.2 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –5.7 2.9 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,012 3,216 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 5.6 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,602 5,437 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 50.6 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 16.9 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.2 7.5 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 265 7,866 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1,989.3 7.5 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 36 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 98 95   Rural (% of rural population) .. 96 91   Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 93 80   Rural (% of rural population) .. 89 67   Urban (% of urban population) .. 95 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 42 15 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 11 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.4 15.4 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 15.5 1.2 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.0 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 23.7 212 2016  The Little Green Data Book Turks and Caicos Islands Population (thousands) 34 Land area (sq. km) 950 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 91.8 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 1 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 35.8 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 44.4 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 613 Threatened species, birds 2 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 29 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 9 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 2.4 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –6.0 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.0 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 730 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 236 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) .. 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) .. 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) .. 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) .. 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 213 Tuvalu Population (thousands) 10 Land area (sq. km) 30 GDP ($ millions) 37.9 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,720 9,731 7,926 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,038 6,734 Urban population (% of total) 58.8 55.7 61.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 60 48 45 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,460 922 1,197 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,947 4,393 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.3 26.3 28.8 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.4 15.6 16.6 Threatened species, mammals 1 891 916 Threatened species, birds 1 1,095 1,366 Threatened species, fish 11 1,430 2,042 Threatened species, higher plants 0 3,453 6,345 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 11.6 130,639 93,147   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 25.2 1.3 –1.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 5.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.3 17.0 8.8 Coral reef area (sq. km) 710 203,050 49,900 Mangroves area (sq. km) 0.40 67,121 46,559 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 2,015 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 8.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 3,214 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 20.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 5.9 5.7 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 6,594 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 7.4   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 49 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 95   Rural (% of rural population) 97 90 91   Urban (% of urban population) 98 97 97 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 77 80   Rural (% of rural population) 80 64 67   Urban (% of urban population) 86 87 88 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 40 39 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 91 89 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 17 19 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.9 37.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.8 15.3 12.2 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.8 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 23.7 214 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 37.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Uganda 201 GDP ($ billions) 27.0 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 670 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 573 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 15.8 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 72 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 0.1 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 218 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,019 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.4 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 3.1 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 16.0 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 27 891 623 Threatened species, birds 25 876 610 Threatened species, fish 61 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 52 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 572 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 5.5 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 42.0 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,032 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 1.6 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 76 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 96 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 19 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 17 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 29 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 18 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 99 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 15 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 23 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 55 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.5 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.9 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 11.5 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.1 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 215 Ukraine Population (millions) 45.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 579 GDP ($ billions) 131.8 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,560 25,424 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,395 21,296 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 69.5 70.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 30 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.2 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 5,495 11,454 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,401 3,799 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 16.7 38.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.0 12.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 307 1,079 Threatened species, birds 18 633 1,178 Threatened species, fish 24 1,200 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 19 1,136 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 139 17,916 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –8.4 –1.2 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.7 2.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 10.7 13.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,553 3,216 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.6 5.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,600 5,437 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 49.2 50.6 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.1 16.9 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.3 7.5 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,215 7,866 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 27.0 7.5 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 30 36 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 98 90   Rural (% of rural population) 98 96 87   Urban (% of urban population) 96 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 93 52   Rural (% of rural population) 93 89 42   Urban (% of urban population) 97 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 15 15 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 98 85 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.1 21.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 15.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.6 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 1.2 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.2 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) –2.7 9.5 17.2 216 2016  The Little Green Data Book United Arab Emirates Population (millions) 9.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 84 GDP ($ billions) 399.5 Middle East & High- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 44,600 8,722 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 34,087 6,541 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 85.3 63.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 5 33 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 12.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 12,675 3,893 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 16,461 2,330 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 3.9 2.1 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.3 –0.9 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 18.6 11.7 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 203 613 Threatened species, birds 12 279 1,070 Threatened species, fish 14 575 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 0 259 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 70.8 4,782 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –2.9 2.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 9.8 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 21.0 3.8 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,190 15,470 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 68.2 513 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,691 2,190 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 0.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 10,904 2,876 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 89.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 20.4 6.0 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17 554 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2,665.3 133.6 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 85 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 93 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 91 96   Rural (% of rural population) 95 87 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 93 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 41 32 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 23 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.7 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 11.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.2 9.5 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 16.3 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 217 United Kingdom Population (millions) 64.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 242 GDP ($ billions) 2,988.9 Europe & Central High- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,390 25,424 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 39,041 21,296 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 82.3 70.7 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 71 30 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 33,716 11,454 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,707 3,799 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 13.0 38.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.4 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 28.4 12.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 5 307 613 Threatened species, birds 8 633 1,070 Threatened species, fish 47 1,200 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 22 1,136 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 960 17,916 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.0 –1.2 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 2.1 2.9 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 17.2 13.0 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,978 3,216 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.0 5.6 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,407 5,437 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.5 50.6 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.3 16.9 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.1 7.5 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,246 7,866 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 7.5 7.5 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 36 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 98 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 96 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 93 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 93   Urban (% of urban population) 99 95 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 15 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 68 85 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 11 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.6 21.9 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 15.4 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 1.2 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.6 9.5 8.4 218 2016  The Little Green Data Book United States Population (millions) 318.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,147 GDP ($ billions)17,419.0 North High- Country America income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 55,230 54,879 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 46,858 46,170 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 81.4 81.5 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 26 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 69,457 69,457 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 7,637 6,867 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 33.9 36.0 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –0.1 –0.1 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 13.9 11.6 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 35 50 613 Threatened species, birds 77 93 1,070 Threatened species, fish 247 313 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 379 398 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 5,410 6,421 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.3 0.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.5 –0.3 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 31.7 16.4 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,250 1,620 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,030 3,030 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,914 6,943 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.4 4.5 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 12,985 13,239 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.8 61.7 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.3 13.4 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 17.0 16.7 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,838 15,993 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 17.0 9.1 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 40 38 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 99 99   Rural (% of rural population) 98 98 97   Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 96   Rural (% of rural population) 100 100 93   Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 11 11 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 50 52 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 6 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.0 18.4 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.5 15.6 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 5.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.7 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.4 6.5 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 219 Uruguay Population (millions) 3.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 175 GDP ($ billions) 57.5 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,350 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 14,187 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 95.2 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 82 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 1.4 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 10,128 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 3,951 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 10.5 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –2.3 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 2.7 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 10 640 613 Threatened species, birds 22 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 40 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 22 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 65.3 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.9 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.4 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,351 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 31.9 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,985 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 19.1 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 70.4 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26,963 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 4.0 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 94 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 93 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 97 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 0 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.8 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.1 7.7 8.4 220 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 30.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Uzbekistan 425 GDP ($ billions) 62.6 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,090 25,424 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,854 21,296 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 36.3 70.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 63 30 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,332 11,454 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,801 3,799 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 7.6 38.0 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.1 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 3.4 12.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 9 307 1,079 Threatened species, birds 20 633 1,178 Threatened species, fish 7 1,200 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 17 1,136 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 46.5 17,916 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.7 –1.2 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 10.9 2.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 13.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. .. 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. .. 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,419 3,216 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 5.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,637 5,437 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 78.7 50.6 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.3 16.9 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 7.5 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 531 7,866 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 342.7 7.5 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 36 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 98 90   Rural (% of rural population) 81 96 87   Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 93 52   Rural (% of rural population) 100 89 42   Urban (% of urban population) 100 95 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 26 15 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 85 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 39 11 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 21.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 4.0 15.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.4 4.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.3 1.2 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.7 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.3 0.3 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.5 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 221 Vanuatu Population (thousands) 259 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 12 GDP ($ millions) 815.0 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,160 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 2,869 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 25.8 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 15 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,959 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 662 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.1 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 4.2 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 7 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 9 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 16 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 10 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 67.8 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –0.3 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 4,110 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 20.5 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 93 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 58 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 55 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 65 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 7 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 1 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.9 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 22.7 17.2 222 2016  The Little Green Data Book Venezuela, RB Population (millions) 30.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 882 GDP ($ billions) 381.3 Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,500 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 10,235 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 88.9 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 24 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 8,533 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 4,074 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 52.9 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 53.9 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 34 640 613 Threatened species, birds 44 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 42 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 77 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 240 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –3.8 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 6.0 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 16.8 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 480 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 3,569 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,271 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.1 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,245 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 32.2 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 67.8 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.4 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 26,227 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.8 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 78 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 95 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 70 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 98 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 13 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 78 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.3 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.1 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 11.4 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.5 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 223 Vietnam Population (millions) 90.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 310 GDP ($ billions) 186.2 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,890 9,731 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,548 8,038 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 33.0 55.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 35 48 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 489 922 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 5,577 4,947 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 47.6 26.3 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) –1.7 –0.2 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 6.5 15.6 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 54 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 46 1,095 1,178 Threatened species, fish 76 1,430 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 199 3,453 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 6,331 130,639 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 4.3 1.3 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 14.5 6.6 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 1.8 17.0 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 1,270 203,050 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 1,056 67,121 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 668 2,073 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 25.3 7.8 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,306 3,568 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 54.9 77.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 45.0 13.8 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 5.9 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,961 4,525 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 22.8 10.8 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 72 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 94 90   Rural (% of rural population) 97 90 87   Urban (% of urban population) 99 97 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 78 77 52   Rural (% of rural population) 70 64 42   Urban (% of urban population) 94 87 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 25 40 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 97 91 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 17 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.9 37.9 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.6 15.3 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 2.8 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.1 1.0 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.7 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.1 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.8 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.0 22.7 17.2 224 2016  The Little Green Data Book Virgin Islands (U.S.) Population (thousands) 104 Land area (sq. km) 350 GDP ($ millions) .. Latin America & High- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 9,912 38,301 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 8,314 31,318 Urban population (% of total) 95.2 79.6 80.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 11 38 30 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 4,755 19,157 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) .. 4,127 5,020 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 51.4 46.3 34.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.7 0.4 0.0 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 15.3 23.3 14.6 Threatened species, mammals 2 640 613 Threatened species, birds 1 1,010 1,070 Threatened species, fish 27 1,527 2,311 Threatened species, higher plants 12 5,008 2,424 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 0.50 13,956 39,529   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –8.4 –4.1 –1.2   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 8.7 2.7 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 2.0 15.5 19.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) 200 20,320 84,380 Mangroves area (sq. km) 2.6 41,330 19,106 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,373 4,656 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 16.2 4.6 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,118 8,508 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 42.3 60.8 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 46.5 13.1 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 2.9 11.1 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 22,162 11,319 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) .. 2.4 7.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 72 43 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 95 99   Rural (% of rural population) 100 84 97   Urban (% of urban population) 100 97 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 83 96   Rural (% of rural population) 96 64 93   Urban (% of urban population) 96 88 97 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) .. 14 15 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) .. 56 73 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 18 7 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.3 21.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 11.1 16.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.6 1.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) .. 0.2 0.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 7.7 8.4 The Little Green Data Book  2016 225 West Bank and Gaza Population (millions) 4.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 6.0 GDP ($ billions) 12.7 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,060 8,722 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) .. 6,541 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 75.0 63.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 44 33 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) 5.5 .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 2,278 3,893 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 1,675 2,330 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.5 2.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) .. 11.7 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 3 203 1,079 Threatened species, birds 13 279 1,178 Threatened species, fish 2 575 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 0 259 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 3.1 4,782 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 0.6 2.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 9.8 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) .. 3.8 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 15,470 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 513 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,190 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 0.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 2,876 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 89.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 3.1 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 6.0 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 189 554 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 51.5 133.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 93 90   Rural (% of rural population) 82 89 87   Urban (% of urban population) 51 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 91 52   Rural (% of rural population) 90 87 42   Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 26 32 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) .. .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.0 37.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.0 11.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.5 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 16.3 17.2 226 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 26.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Yemen, Rep. 528 GDP ($ billions) 36.0 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,300 8,722 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,163 6,541 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 34.0 63.7 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 45 33 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) .. 3,893 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 963 2,330 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 1.0 2.1 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.0 –0.9 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 0.8 11.7 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 8 203 1,079 Threatened species, birds 18 279 1,178 Threatened species, fish 28 575 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 162 259 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 190 4,782 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 3.7 2.1 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) .. 9.8 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 3.6 3.8 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) 700 15,470 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) 9.3 513 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 324 2,190 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.3 0.6 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 247 2,876 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 89.7 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 3.1 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 6.0 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 80 554 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 169.8 133.6 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 85 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 55 93 90   Rural (% of rural population) 47 89 87   Urban (% of urban population) 72 96 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 53 91 52   Rural (% of rural population) 34 87 42   Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 36 32 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 100 100 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 12 .. .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 31 .. .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 42 23 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 37.7 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.4 11.4 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 4.1 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 8.1 9.5 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 16.3 17.2 The Little Green Data Book  2016 227 Zambia Population (millions) 15.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 743 GDP ($ billions) 27.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,680 1,646 2,018 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 1,209 1,447 1,752 Urban population (% of total) 40.5 37.2 38.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 32 44 43 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 353 722 954 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 2,755 1,476 3,175 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 65.4 27.7 28.7 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 0.3 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 37.9 15.3 11.6 Threatened species, mammals 11 891 1,079 Threatened species, birds 18 876 1,178 Threatened species, fish 20 1,996 1,909 Threatened species, higher plants 20 3,645 3,981 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 100 7,242 58,647   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 1.4 1.8 3.1   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 11.4 17.9 12.4 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 5.5 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 127,030 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 69,507 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 631 671 636 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 76.9 58.5 28.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 731 488 743 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.3 65.1 73.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.7 20.5 16.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.8 1.5 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,101 3,987 3,065 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 2.0 3.0 17.9   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 73 81 88 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 65 68 90   Rural (% of rural population) 51 56 87   Urban (% of urban population) 86 87 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 44 30 52   Rural (% of rural population) 36 23 42   Urban (% of urban population) 56 40 67 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 12 21 36 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 72 82 93 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 16 14 .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 64 83 53 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.7 18.8 28.0 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.7 8.0 8.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 3.2 3.0 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.8 2.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 8.9 1.4 0.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 1.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.9 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.9 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.5 5.5 17.2 228 2016  The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 15.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Zimbabwe 387 GDP ($ billions) 14.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 840 1,646 628 Adjusted net national income per capita ($) 823 1,447 539 Urban population (% of total) 32.5 37.2 29.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% land area) 42 44 39 Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) .. .. .. Agricultural productivity, value added per worker (2005 $) 274 722 315 Cereal yield (kg per hectare) 789 1,476 1,601 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% land area) 36.4 27.7 27.5 Deforestation (avg. annual %, 2000–15) 1.7 0.5 0.4 Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) 26.6 15.3 15.2 Threatened species, mammals 10 891 623 Threatened species, birds 17 876 610 Threatened species, fish 3 1,996 1,132 Threatened species, higher plants 17 3,645 1,898 Oceans Total fisheries production (thousand metric tons) 21.1 7,242 4,176   Capture fisheries growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) –1.6 1.8 3.3   Aquaculture growth (avg. annual %, 2000–14) 12.1 17.9 3.6 Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) 0.0 6.1 3.3 Coral reef area (sq. km) .. 17,980 12,570 Mangroves area (sq. km) .. 28,061 15,227 Energy and emissions Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 758 671 .. Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 61.8 58.5 77.0 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 532 488 .. Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 47.0 65.1 .. Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 52.5 20.5 .. CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 0.8 0.3 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 804 3,987 4,777 Total freshwater withdrawal (% of internal resources) 34.3 3.0 3.1   Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 81 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 68 66   Rural (% of rural population) 67 56 56   Urban (% of urban population) 97 87 87 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 30 28   Rural (% of rural population) 31 23 23   Urban (% of urban population) 49 40 40 Environment and health PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure (µg/cu. m) 9 21 20 PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) 27 82 80 Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five) 4 5 6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five) 13 14 15 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 71 83 76 National accounting aggregates—savings, depletion and degradation Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 15.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 0.3 8.0 6.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.9 3.2 3.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 3.8 1.2 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 1.4 2.4 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.9 6.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.5 0.3 Air pollution damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 5.5 0.5 The Little Green Data Book  2016 229 Notes Refers to area free from ice. a.  b. Includes South Sudan. 230 2016  The Little Green Data Book Glossary Access to improved sanitation refers to the percentage of the population using improved sanitation facilities. The improved sanitation facilities are likely to ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. The improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour flush (to piped sewer system, septic tank, pit latrine), ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine, pit latrine with slab, and composting toilet. (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation; data are for 2015) Access to improved water source refers to the percentage of the population using an improved drinking water source. The improved drinking water source includes piped water on premises (piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot, or yard), and other improved drinking water sources (public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection). (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation; data are for 2015) Acute respiratory infection prevalence is the percentage of children under age five with acute respiratory infection in the two weeks prior to the survey. (ICF International; data are for the most recent year available during 2008–14) Adjusted net national income per capita equals gross national income minus consumption of fixed capital, energy depletion, mineral depletion, and net forest depletion, divided by midyear population. (World Bank; data are for 2014) Adjusted net savings equal gross savings minus consumption of fixed capital, plus education expenditures, minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and air pollution damage. (World Bank; data are for 2014) Agricultural irrigated land refers to agricultural areas purposely provided with water, including land irrigated by controlled flooding. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2013) Agricultural land is arable land, land under permanent crops, and permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as land under temporary crops (double- cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2013) Agricultural productivity is the ratio of agricultural value added, measured in 2005 U.S. dollars, to the number of workers in agriculture. Agricultural The Little Green Data Book  2016 231 Glossary productivity is measured by value added per unit of input. Agricultural value added includes that from forestry and fishing. Thus interpretations of land productivity should be made with caution. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank; data are for 2014) Air pollution damage is the damage due to exposure of a country’s population to ambient concentrations of particulates measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), ambient ozone pollution, and indoor concentrations of PM2.5 in households cooking with solid fuels. Damages are calculated as foregone labor income due to premature death. (Data on health impacts from exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution are from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease Study 2013; data are for 2014, extrapolated from trends in mortality rates from 2010–13) Aquaculture growth is the exponential change in aquaculture fisheries production for the period indicated. Aquaculture is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. Aquaculture production specifically refers to output from aquaculture activities, which are designated for final harvest for consumption. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2000–14) Capture fisheries growth is the exponential change in capture fisheries production for the period indicated. Capture fisheries production measures the volume of fish catches landed by a country for all commercial, industrial, recreational, and subsistence purposes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2000–14) Carbon dioxide (CO2) damage is estimated at $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2014) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita are carbon dioxide emissions divided by midyear population. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, World Bank, and United Nations; data are for 2011) Cereal yield measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2014) Consumption of fixed capital is the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. (United Nations, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the Penn World Table [Feenstra, Inklaar, and Timmler 2013], with missing data estimated by World Bank staff; data are for 2014) 232 2016  The Little Green Data Book Glossary Coral reef area is a country’s area of coral reefs, which are shallow marine habitats defined both by a physical structure (corals) and by the organisms found on them. (See The World Atlas of Coral Reefs [2001], UNEP–World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Deforestation is the permanent conversion of natural forest area to other uses, including shifting cultivation, permanent agriculture, ranching, settlements, and infrastructure development. Deforested areas do not include areas logged but intended for regeneration or areas degraded by fuel-wood gathering, acid precipitation, or forest fires. Negative numbers indicate an increase in forest areas. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2000–15) Diarrhea prevalence is the percentage of children under age five who had diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey. (ICF International; data are for the most recent year available during 2008–14) Education expenditure is public current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2014 from the most recent year available) Electric power consumption per capita is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants, minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants plus imports minus exports divided by midyear population. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2013) Electricity generated by hydropower is use of hydropower as a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2013) Electricity generated using fossil fuel is use of coal, oil, and gas as a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2013) Energy depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of energy resources to the remaining reserve lifetime (capped at 50 years). It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal. (See World Bank 2011 for details; data are for 2014) Energy from biomass products and waste is energy from solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, industrial waste, and municipal waste as a percentage of total energy use. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2013) Energy use per capita refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2013) Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2015) The Little Green Data Book  2016 233 Glossary GDP is gross domestic product and measures the total output of goods and services for final use occurring within the domestic territory of a given country, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. GDP at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2014) GNI is gross domestic product plus net receipts of primary income (employee compensation and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is in current U.S. dollars, converted using the World Bank Atlas method (see World Development Indicators 2016, Sources and methods). (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2014) GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) divided by midyear population. Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers. (World Bank and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; data are for 2014) Internal freshwater resources per capita are internal renewable resources, which include flows of rivers and groundwater from rainfall in the country but excludes river flows from other countries, divided by midyear population. (Refers to data reported to the Food and Agriculture Organization as of 2014) Land area is a country’s total land area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2014) Mangroves area is a country’s total area of mangroves, which are plants of a variety of different species, including trees, shrubs, palms, and ferns, that grow in the tropics and subtropics in saline inter-tidal coastal habitats, such as estuaries and shorelines. (See The World Atlas of Mangroves [2010], International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, The Nature Conservancy, Food and Agriculture Organization, UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre) Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain—and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features—that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment. (United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute; data are for 2014) Mineral depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of mineral resources to the remaining reserve lifetime (capped at 50 years). It covers bauxite, 234 2016  The Little Green Data Book Glossary copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, gold, silver, and zinc. (See World Bank 2011 for details; data are for 2014) Net forest depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the excess of round-wood harvest over natural growth. If growth exceeds harvest, this figure is zero. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank estimates of natural growth; data are for 2014) PM2.5 pollution, mean annual exposure, is the average level of exposure of a nation’s population to concentrations of suspended particulates measuring less than 2.5 microns in diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas. (Data are provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, with underlying data estimated by Brauer et al. [2016]; data are for 2013) PM2.5 exposure (% pop. exceeding WHO guideline level) is the portion of a country’s population living in places where mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 are greater than 10 micrograms per cubic meter, the guideline value recommended by the World Health Organization as the lower end of the range of concentrations over which adverse health effects due to PM2.5 exposure have been observed. (Data are provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, with underlying data estimated by Brauer et al. [2016]; data are for 2013) Population is the midyear estimate of all residents regardless of legal status citizenship, except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. (United Nations Population Division, national statistical offices, Eurostat, United Nations Statistical Division, United States Census Bureau, and World Bank; data are midyear estimates for 2014) Terrestrial protected areas are totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated as national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves, or wildlife sanctuaries; protected landscapes and seascapes; and scientific reserves. It includes World Conservation Union–protected area categories I–VI. (United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute; data are for 2014) Threatened species, birds, are the number of species of birds classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2015) Threatened species, fish, are the number of species of fish—cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces—classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2015) The Little Green Data Book  2016 235 Glossary Threatened species, higher plants, are the number of native vascular plant species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2015) Threatened species, mammals, are the number of species of mammals— excluding whales and porpoises—classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN; data are for 2015) Total fisheries production measures the volume of aquatic species caught by a country for all commercial, industrial, recreational, and subsistence purposes. The harvest from mariculture, aquaculture, and other types of fish farming is also included. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2014) Total freshwater withdrawal, is total water withdrawal, excluding evaporation losses from storage basins and including water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of internal renewable resources because river flows from other countries are not included, because extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable, or because there is significant water reuse. Agriculture is withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2016, Sources and methods.) Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before age five if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year. (United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation; data are for 2015) Urban population is the share of the midyear population living in areas defined as urban in each country. (United Nations; data are for 2014) 236 2016  The Little Green Data Book References Brauer, Michael, Greg Freedman, Joseph Frostad, Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin, Frank Dentener, Rita van Dingenen, Kara Estep, Heresh Amini, Joshua S. Apte, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Lars Barregard, David Broday, Valery Feigin, Santu Ghosh, Philip K. Hopke, Luke D. Knibbs, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Yang Liu, Stefan Ma, Lidia Morawska, José Luis Texcalac Sangrador, Gavin Shaddick, H. Ross Anderson, Theo Vos, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Richard T. Burnett, and Aaron Cohen. 2016. “Ambient Air Pollution Exposure Estimation for the Global Burden of Disease 2013.” Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 1: 79–88. Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar, and Marcel P. Timmer. 2013. “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table.” [www.ggdc.net/pwt]. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2016. Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 data. University of Washington, Seattle. [https://www.healthdata .org/gbd/data]. Spalding, Mark, Mami Kainuma, and Lorna Collins. 2010. World Atlas of Mangroves. New York: Earthscan. World Bank. 2011. The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. World Bank. 2016. World Development Indicators 2016. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. The Little Green Data Book  2016 237