69442 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project: Guangzhou Truck Sector Survey Report for the World Bank “Truck GHG Emission Reduction Pilot Project� DRAFT FINAL – May 2010 The World Bank Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) Center Supported by the Australian Government, AusAID Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final © 2010 Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center (CAI-Asia Center) and World Bank. All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The CAI-Asia Center would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this CAI-Asia Center and World Bank publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever, without prior permission in writing from the CAI-Asia Center or World Bank. Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the World Bank Group, ESMAP, or the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID). The views expressed in this publication are those of CAI-Asia Center staff, consultants and management, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Trustees of the CAI-Asia Center. The CAI-Asia Center does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and does not accept responsibility for consequence of their use. Contact CAI-Asia Center Unit 3510, Robinsons-Equitable Tower, ADB Avenue Pasig City, 1605, Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 395 2843 Fax +63 2 395 2846 center@cai-asia.org www.cleanairinitiative.org About CAI-Asia The Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) promotes better air quality and livable cities by translating knowledge to policies and actions that reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from transport, energy and other sectors. CAI-Asia was established in 2001 by the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and USAID, and is part of a global initiative that includes CAI-LAC (Latin American Cities) and CAI-SSA (Sub-Saharan Africa). Since 2007, this multi-stakeholder initiative is a registered UN Type II Partnership with over 170 organizational members, eight Country Networks (China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam) and the CAI-Asia Center as its secretariat. Individuals can join CAI-Asia by registering at the Clean Air Portal: www.cleanairinitiative.org. Its flagship event, the Better Air Quality conference, brings together over 700 air quality stakeholders. 2 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Methodology....................................................................................................................................... 5 2. TRUCK DRIVER SURVEY ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Truck Ownership ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Trip details........................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Truck Operation and Maintenance .................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Truck Information ............................................................................................................................. 10 3 Truck Company Survey........................................................................................................................ 13 3.1 General Company Information ......................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Training for Truck Drivers and Mechanic Staff ................................................................................. 14 3.3 Inspection and Maintenance ............................................................................................................ 14 3.4 Truck Age and Replacement ............................................................................................................. 14 3.5 Trip Tracking and Trip statistics ........................................................................................................ 15 3.6 Truck Information ............................................................................................................................. 15 Annex A Guangzhou Truck Driver Survey ................................................................................................... 20 Annex B Guangzhou Truck Company Survey ............................................................................................. 21 3 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The World Bank (WB) initiated a pilot project – dubbed “Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project� in support of Guangzhou’s efforts to improve air quality in preparation for the 2010 Asian Games. The goal of this project was to develop a “proof of concept� for a truck program in Guangdong Province and China that aims to:  Enhance the fuel economy of the truck fleet  Reduce black carbon and other air pollutants from trucks  Consequently obtain GHG emission savings. The project was implemented by the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center (CAI-Asia Center), in cooperation with Cascade Sierra Solutions, US EPA and World Bank, and with support from Guangzhou Environmental Protection Bureau (GEPB), Guangzhou Transport Committee (GTC), and Guangzhou Project Management Office (PMO) for the World Bank. The pilot project aims to contribute to addressing three problems related to trucks in Guangzhou and the wider Guangdong province simultaneously: (a) fuel costs and security; (b) air pollution and associated health impacts, and (c) greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The scope of the pilot was limited to Guangdong Province, focusing on diesel trucks accessing or passing through the city of Guangzhou and surrounding cities, like Shenzhen. Aside from GHG emissions, the scope includes black carbon and other air pollutants from trucks because of their potential interacting effects and contribution to climate change, and because air pollution is an important local concern. The pilot project consisted of the following components, each with its own output: 1. Background analysis 2. Survey of Guangzhou truck sector 3. Driver training course for fuel efficiency of trucks 4. Technology pilot This document is the Survey Report, which summarizes the results of a survey of truck drivers and companies conducted between June 17, 2009 and June 23, 2009. The survey intends to fill the gaps in information needed to determine the program design and the potential fuel savings and emission reductions through a wider green freight program. The Background Analysis Report of this Project identified main gaps in information:  Trucks data: (a) age of trucks; (b) whether trucks are Euro I or Euro II; (c) overloading of freight trucks, which is a big issue in China; (d) percentages of empty trucks on the road; (e) fuel and operational costs of trucks; (f) major trucking routes that include Guangzhou and Guangdong Province; (g) impact of banning trucks during the day on emissions; 4 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final  Fuel efficiency data: (a) fuel efficiency of trucks in China; (b) potential efficiency of state-of-the-art trucks; (c) comparison between the two to demonstrate the potential of fuel efficiency for trucks in China;  Truck ownership: (a) number of each of the four types of contractors (large state-owned enterprises; private enterprises; self-employed truck drivers cooperating with enterprises; and self-employed truck drivers) and the number of trucks owned by each. 1.2 Methodology CAI-Asia formulated two survey questionnaires, one for trucks (Annex A) and one for truck companies (Annex B), with the inputs from the international experts and circulated to PMO on 6 June 2009 and expecting the PMO and GTC to facilitate the survey organization for CAI-Asia team1 and identify 6 local surveyors from Guangzhou Transportation Association. The anticipated arrangements were altered for two reasons. Firstly, the Guangzhou municipal government was under restructuring process and hence the formal announcement of the PMO to lead the pilot project was not materialized yet when the survey activities took place by CAI-Asia. Secondly, Guangzhou Transportation Association expressed to CAI-Asia during the roundtable meeting organized by the PMO on 15 June 2009 that they did not have staff available for the survey. They also commented the survey plan:  Companies: the sample requirements in the survey plan are very challenging in Guangzhou. Although the statistics showed that there were more than 2700 truck companies registered in Guangzhou and 23 Foreign Companies as well, GTC only has direct access to 40 plus companies. If a large scale survey has to be done, GTC would need sufficient time and a formal government letter to request the cooperation by various organizations including the transport committee at district/county government under Guangzhou.  Drivers: “It is easy to locate the trucks but hard to get hold of drivers, because they are out to look for cargo loads�. GTC and companies agree to provide support for the survey on truck drivers although they indicated that they believed maximum 400 drivers could be reached. Table 1 lists the survey locations. GTC appointed an escort to coordinate the survey at the following two locations:  Linan Logistical Center: CAI-Asia interviewed the General Manager of LinAn Logistical Center, the largest logistical information center in Guangzhou and reached agreement to place a desk at the information hall where truck drivers visit. This was a good location for survey.  Xinshi Cargo Terminal: GTC sent their transport enforcement personnel to stop truck drivers pass through the terminal gate and request them to take interviews. Other survey locations were arranged by CAI-Asia in direct consultation with two participating truck companies, SCOL and XBWL. For example at XBWL, the team did interview at 8:30-10pm when the drivers 1 The team was led by Ms. Yan PENG, the Project Manager from CAI-Asia Center, and joined by Ms. Shan Huang, the Researcher from CAI-Asia Center China Program, and Dr. Yu Zhou, the Technology Consultant from Tsinghua University. 5 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final come to the company to report their activities. Some of the drivers are part of XBWL, and some are hired by XBWL on case by case basis. CAI-Asia also received support from a team of 8 local surveyors during 18-26 June 2009, which was engaged through the former project partner involved in the phase 1 activities of this pilot project. The final survey samples reached 43 companies and 1040 drivers by end June 2009 and detailed survey results are presented at the following chapters: Truck Drivers Survey (Chapter 2) and the Truck Companies Survey (Chapter 3). Table 1. List of Survey Locations Site No. of Survey Site Description Name Samples Duration Xin Bang Logistics Company is a new road freight company which was established in 2005. XB has more than 400 drivers and around Xin Bang 49 17-18 June 200 trucks. The company also provide field for external trucks in the night. Pilot company. Star of the City Logistics (SOCL) is a private road logistics company based in the Pearl River Delta with subsidiary companies registered SOCL 22 21 June in Shanghai and Shenzhen. SOCL has more than 300 trucks and 2600 employees. Pilot company. Dong Sheng Parking Lot is in the cargo and freight area of Dong Guangzhou. The drivers park the trucks here and live here and 46 22 June Sheng around temporarily. They also unload cargo here. Feng He Freight Market is in the cargo and freight area of Feng He Guangzhou. The market is in large scale, and thousands of drivers 179 21-23 June and trucks enter and exit the market every day. Jin Lun Parking Lot is in the cargo and freight area of Guangzhou. Jin Lun Drivers can park, live and unload here. Specific and large terminal 29 23 June is close to it. It is reported that Lin An logistics Garden is the largest logistics market in Guangzhou. It built bridge between truck drivers and Lin An 678 18-23 June consignors. Over 2000 trucks enter and exit the garden everyday. The dominant part of drivers is private driver. Tai He Parking Lot is in the cargo and freight area of Guangzhou. Tai He 3 17 June Drivers can park here. Xin Shi Freight Market is in west of the cargo and freight area of Guangzhou. Guangzhou EPB and transport police set a site here to Xin Shi 31 18 June inspect vehicle exhausts. The survey in this site is strongly supported by GTC. Huang Pu Container Terminal is affiliated to Guangzhou Port Group. A great number of containers land from the terminal and Huang Pu 3 18 June trucks here ply between Huang Pu Terminal and other logistics terminals/markets. Total 1040 6 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final Figure 1. Sampling Map 7 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final 2. TRUCK DRIVER SURVEY A total of 1040 of drivers were interviewed during the period of June 17, 2009 to June 23, 2008. 2.1 Truck Ownership Truck company registration Of the 1038 drivers who repond, 47.8% (496 Guangzhou responses) belongs to truck companies and 52.2% 19.5% (542 responses) owns the truck they are driving. Within The companies which owned the trucks were Guangdong Province registered mostly outside of Guangdong Province 7.9% 72.6% (360 responses). A large number of these trucks are owned by companies registered in Anhui Province. Outside of Guangdong Figure 2. Truck company registration of Province truck drivers working for a company (total = 496) 72.6% 2.2 Trip details Drivers were asked about the origin and destination of their last trip as well as the frequency of trips they have in a day. The response showed that the trips originate mostly from outside of Guangdong Province (81.0%) while 79.8% of the trips end in Guangzhou. A small percentage (9.0%) is only passing through Guangzhou. Origin of trip Destination of trip Guangzhou 13.4% Outside of Guangdong Outside of Within Within Province Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong 9.0% Province Province Province 10.9% 81.0% 5.5% Guangzhou 80.1% Figure 3a. Truck trip origin Figure Figure 3b. Truck trip destination (total=1034 reponses) (total=1030 reponses) 8 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final 2.3 Truck Operation and Maintenance To understand general operation and maintenance activities that driver implements, the drivers were asked about basic maintenance checks on tire pressure and replacement, as well as idling activities, among others. 2.3.1 Tire maintenance Most of the drivers check their truck’s tire pressure every day (54.4%) or before every trip (12.8%). There are still 15.7% drivers who haven’t checked the tire pressure in more than one week. The most common method used to check the tire pressure is by using a hammer (81.0%). 17.0% drivers use a gauge to check the tire pressure. The drivers were also asked, at the time of survey, what was the most recent action taken regarding tire pressure. The most common action was filling with air (86.5%). Tire pressure check method Tire pressure action Visual Fix tire check Change 3.0% 2.0% Gauge tire 17.0% 9.5% Let out air 0.9% Fill with air Hammer 86.5% 81.0% Figure 4a. Tire pressure check method Figure 4b. Tire pressure action (total=989 reponses) (total=859 reponses) 2.3.2 Truck maintenance interval The interval of truck maintenance is mostly 10,000km or 1 month (totally 82.2%) in the survey. A few drivers will do the maintenance every two or three months. 2.3.3 Truck Idling Trucks often are left idling for a variety of reasons and for a different range of time. At the time of survey, 16.0% of trucks were idling while 84.0% were not. The length of time which trucks idle the longest during the day of survey averaged 7.3 minutes and ranged from 0.5 minutes to 60 minutes. 9 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final 2.3.4 Truck Cargo/Weight The total weight of cargo/goods carried by trucks has implications both on fuel consumption as well as efficiency of operations. While 82.2% of the truck drivers had empty trucks, this figure is not reliable because several truck drivers were interviewed after they just dropped off their loads. For those that were carrying cargo/goods the payload were 0.5 tons to 60 tons, or an average of 18.2 tons. The results for each truck category are also listed in the following table. Table 2. List of Survey location selected Truck category Percentage Percentage of Payload, Lightest Payload, Average payload of Trucks Empty Trucks Heaviest within the category Light Duty 13.0% Not reliable 0.5 15 4.0 Trucks (LDT) figure Medium Duty 19.8% Not reliable 2 30 18.0 Trucks (MDT) figure Heavy Duty 67.1% Not reliable 10 100 32.0 Trucks (HDT) figure 2.4 Truck Information The drivers were also asked information on the trucks they were currently driving. Among the truck drivers interviewed: 1 out of 10 or 13.0% were driving light duty trucks 2 out of 10 or 19.8% were driving medium duty trucks 7 out of 10 or 67.1% were driving heavy duty trucks 10 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final Information on Trucks Driven by Drivers Interviewed LDV MDV HDV AVERAGE of ALL TRUCK TYPES 5 tons, 8 tons, 40 15 Average gross empty weight of all truck 4.8% 4.3% tons tons types = 16.4 TONS 8 tons, 30 2 tons, 1.5% 11.8% 16.8% tons 27.1% 8.4% 10 tons, I 5 tons, 12 32.6% 24.3% tons, 3 tons, 58.3% 20 31.8% tons 78.4% There are 9 number of Brands for LDV There are 9 number of Brands for MDV There are 12 number of Brands for HDV There are 15 number of Brands for all vehicles in this survey, most common is vehicles in this survey, most common is vehicles in this survey, most common is trucks in this survey, most common is Dongfeng, FAW and JMC. Dongfeng and FAW. FAW, FOTON, Dongfeng and SinoTruck. FAW, Dongfeng, FOTON and SinoTruck. 5-10 >10 5-10 >10 5-10 >10 yrs, yrs, yrs, yrs, yrs, yrs, 13.7% 3.1% 2.6% 3-5 0.4% 4.5% 3-5 0.8% yrs, yrs, 16.0% 17.1% 3-5 yrs, <3 yrs, 23.7% 59.5% <3 yrs, <3 yrs, 80.9% 77.7% Current Kilometer Reading Current Kilometer Reading Current Kilometer Reading Current Kilometer Reading Range = 4,000 to 1,100,000 km Range =2000 to 500,000 km Range =2000 to 1,100,000 km Range =2000 to 1,100,000 km Average= 181,173 km Average= 210,122 km Average= 241,577 km Average= 227,895 km Daily Kilometers traveled Kilometers traveled Kilometers traveled Kilometers traveled Range = 50 to 1,200 km Range = 70 to 1300 km Range = 100 to 2000 km Range = 50 to 2,000 km Average = 333 km Average = 643 km Average = 737 km Average = 662 km Annual mileage* = 69,451 km Annual mileage* = 97,873 km Annual mileage* = 114,418 km Annual mileage* =106, 110 km 11 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final Number of Daily Trips = 2.1 Number of Trips per month = 4.6 Number of Trips per month = 4.1 Average Speed = 63.2 km/h Average Speed = 70.6 km/h Average Speed = 74.0 km/h Average Speed = 71.9 km/h Fuel economy = 22.6 liter per 100 km Fuel economy = 31.4 liter per 100 km Fuel economy= 39.3 liter per 100 km Fuel economy = 35.6 liter per 100 km Notes*: Annual mileage is also achieved directly from the survey. It may not match the daily mileage investigated. One of the most important reason is that most trucks do not operate every day. During the interview with some drivers, they have to wait for two or more days in the logistics park to get a business. 12 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final 3 Truck Company Survey From the Phase 1 Analysis Report of this pilot project, there are four types of contractors in Guangzhou: (a) large state-owned enterprises; (b) private enterprises; (c) self-employed truck drivers cooperating with 2 enterprises; and (d) self-employed truck drivers. Based on the discussion with officials from the Guangzhou Transport Committee (GTC), there are 90,283 freight transportation companies which own 152,284 trucks in 2009. The survey team visited 43 truck companies to interview managers/owners on the Truck Company component of the Survey (Appendix B). 3.1 General Company Information 3.1.1 Establishment of Truck Companies The majority of truck companies (46.5%) interviewed was established in the period of 2001 to 2005. The oldest company has been in operation since 1986 and the youngest company was only established in 2009. Figure 5. Establishment of truck companies (total = 43) 3.1.2 Size of Company 2 Type (a) means the enterprise is owned by government, while type (b) enterprise belongs to private owner; type (c) enterprise only takes care of the license management for private truck drivers but not the business, and type (d) truck owner is usually the driver. 13 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final Regarding the company size, for the 43 companies included in the survey:  The number of trucks in the companies interviewed ranges from 1 to 300. The average number of truck owned is 24.  The number of drivers in the companies interviewed ranges from 1 to 330. The average number of truck drivers in the company is 39.  The ratio of truck drivers to trucks ranges from 0.84 to 6.00. The average ratio is 1.78.  The number of other staff members ranges from 3 to 2600. The average number of other staff members is 201. 3.1.3 Service Coverage by truck companies Service coverage of companies differs between companies. While some companies offer long-haul trips, some only offer services for short distances. The truck companies surveyed indicated that most companies offer trucking services for destinations within Guangzhou (95.2%) and Guangdong (73.8%) with some companies for destinations outside Guangdong province (23.8%). The most common destination outside Guangzhou are towns in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and the farthest city destination from Guangzhou in this survey is Beijing, which is about 2,200 km away from Guangzhou. 3.2 Training for Truck Drivers and Mechanic Staff While all the truck companies interviewed offer regular training programs to truck drivers, 73.8% of truck companies also offer training programs to mechanic staff. All the companies will provide training on the topic of safety and 90.5% of the companies will also provide training on fuel saving technique. 3.3 Inspection and Maintenance On average, the frequency that truck companies conduct maintenance is 2 months or 7,500 km. The table below shows the list of maintenance item covered and the number of companies offering them on a regular basis. Maintenance item Percent of companies regularly covering maintenance item Oil and Lubrication: 100.0% Fan Belts/Hoses 100.0% Engine Tune-Up [valves] 83.7% Cooling system 95.3% 3.4 Truck Age and Replacement The number of years that a truck stays in the fleet of the companies ranged from 1 year to 9 years, and with an average of about 4.4 years. In general, the trucks are replaced after 9.2 years, with China-built trucks specifically replaced within 8.3 years. 14 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final 3.5 Trip Tracking and Trip statistics All companies surveyed have a process to record certain statistics related to trucking operations. The table below shows which parameters are commonly monitored: Parameter percent of company monitoring this parameter Liters/km 93.0% Km/trip 95.3% Average speed 69.8% Km traveled (per day, per month and/or per year) 93.0% Only 46.5% of truck companies have GPS equipment on their trucks. 3.6 Truck Information 3.6.1 Light Duty Trucks Description Units WEIGHT (gross, empty) 2 Tons 3 Tons 5 Tons >8 Tons AGE 0-3 % of LDV with this age 16.3% 16.3% 26.2% 22.4% (number of 3-5 % of LDV with this age 19.0% 26.5% 24.2% 34.9% trucks) 5-10 % of LDV with this age 47.8% 43.7% 45.6% 34.9% >10 % of LDV with this age 16.8% 13.5% 4.0% 7.9% Brand (# of Domestic % of LDV made in China 94.4% 100.0% 99.3% 89.0% trucks) International % of LDV imported 5.6% 0.0% 0.7% 11.0% Mileage Average km/day 178 154 181 199 Frequency of Trips Number of trips/day 1.5 1.7 1.7 2.0 Average speed (km/hr) 58 60 60 61 Number of crew per truck Number of persons 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.4 Transmission type: manual % of LDV with manual 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% or automatic. If manual, transmission how many gears % of LDV with automatic 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% transmission No. of drive gears, most 5 5 6 6 common % of trucks traveling only within Travel 70.2% 37.0% 13.5% 16.8% Guangzhou destinations % of trucks traveling within Guangdong 27.1% 61.5% 86.5% 73.3% (number of % of trucks traveling outside Guangdong trucks) 2.7% 1.5% 0.0% 9.9% Province 15 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final LDT Service Coverage Light duty trucks often service short distances but with higher frequency of trips. The survey showed that LDT of truck companies surveyed indicated that most companies are used for services to destinations within Guangzhou (38.6%) and Guangdong (57.4%) with very few companies for destinations outside Guangdong (4.0%). Light Duty Truck Type The light duty trucks of surveyed companies are mostly from Chinese manufacturers and all equipped with manual transmission. Gross empty weight of LDT 8 tons 2 tons 22% 26% 5 tons 21% 3 tons 31% Figure 7. Gross empty weight of LDT Figure 8. Manufactueres of LDT (total = 700 trucks) (total = 668 trucks) 3.6.2 Medium Duty Truck Description Units WEIGHT (gross, empty) 5 Tons 8 Tons 10 Tons >12 tons AGE 0-3 % of MDV with this age 100.0% 46.7% 71.4% 4.4% (number of trucks) 3-5 % of MDV with this age 0.0% 40.0% 28.6% 30.0% 5-10 % of MDV with this age 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 16 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final >10 % of MDV with this age 0.0% 13.3% 0.0% 40.6% Brand (# of Domestic % of MDV made in China 100.0% 100.0% 92.9% 32.5% trucks) International % of MDV imported 0.0% 0.0% 7.1% 67.5% Mileage Average km/day 56 130 154 118 Frequency of Trips Number of trips/day 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.1 Average speed (km/hr) 50 60 50 42 Number of crew per truck Number of persons 3.0 2.3 1.6 1.4 Transmission type: manual % of MDV with manual 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% or automatic. If manual, transmission how many gears % of MDV with 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% automatic transmission No. of drive gears, most 5 6 6 8 common % of trucks traveling only within 100.0% 16.7% 88.9% 95.0% Travel Guangzhou destinations 0.0% 75.0% 11.1% 5.0% % of trucks traveling within Guangdong (number of trucks) % of trucks traveling outside Guangdong 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% Province MDT Service Coverage Medium duty trucks often service short distances but with higher frequency of trips. The survey showed that MDV trucks of truck companies surveyed indicated that most companies are used for services to destinations within Guangzhou (90.3%) with very few companies for destinations within Guangdong (9.2%) or outside Guangdong (0.5%). Medium Duty Truck Type The medium duty trucks of surveyed companies are all equipped with manual transmission. The most common MDTs are those with gross empty weight of 12 tons (72%). 17 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final Figure 9. Gross empty weight of MDT Figure 10 Manufactueres of MDT (total = 221 trucks) (total = 221 trucks) 3.6.3 Heavy Duty Truck Description Units WEIGHT (gross, empty), 20 Tons 30 Tons 40 Tons AGE 0-3 % of HDV with this age 98.1% 100.0% 100.0% (number of 3-5 % of HDV with this age 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% trucks) 5-10 % of HDV with this age 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% >10 % of HDV with this age 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Brand (# of Domestic % of HDV made in China 100.0% 100.0% 61.7% trucks) International % of HDV imported 0.0% 0.0% 38.3% Mileage Average km/day 300 600 1000 Frequency of Trips Number of trips/day 2.0 1.0 N/A Average speed (km/hr) 60 60 N/A Number of crew per truck Number of persons 1.0 2.0 N/A Transmission type: manual % of HDV with manual 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% or automatic. If manual, transmission how many gears % of HDV with automatic 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% transmission No. of drive gears, most 7 9 8 common Travel % of trucks traveling only within N/A 81.1% 0.0% destinations Guangzhou 18 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final (number of % of trucks traveling within Guangdong 0.0% N/A 0.0% trucks) % of trucks traveling outside Guangdong N/A 18.9% 100.0% Province HDT Service Coverage Heavy Duty Trucks often service short distances but with higher frequency of trips. The survey showed that HDT of truck companies surveyed indicated that most companies are used for services to destinations within Guangzhou (81.1%) with some companies for destinations outside Guangdong (18.9%). Heavy Duty Truck Type The heavy duty trucks of surveyed companies are mostly from Chinese manufacturers and all equipped with manual transmission. The most common HDT are those with gross empty weight of 20 tons (68%). Figure 11. Gross empty weight of HDT Figure 12. Manufactueres of HDT (total = 79 trucks) (total = 79 trucks) 19 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final Annex A Guangzhou Truck Driver Survey Date:________________ TRUCK COMPANY_________________________________ WHERE FROM ORIGIN_____________________________ ____________________ Where Surveyed? WHERE TO DESTINATION___________________________ WEIGHT ON TRUCK?____________EMPTY? YES____NO______ ____________________ Name of Surveyor WHERE IS TRUCKING COMPANY HOME CITY?_________________________ WHEN LAST TIME CHECK TIRE PRESSURE?___________HOW DID YOU CHECK TIRE PRESSURE?___________ ACTION TAKEN? FILL WITH AIR_____LET AIR OUT_________REPLACE TIRE_________ WHEN LAST TIME MAINTENANCE?___________ IS TRUCK IDLING AT TIME OF SURVEY? YES____NO_____ WHAT IS LONGEST IDLE TODAY ______min. Age of Truck_______ Age of Truck_______ Age of Truck__________ Brand_______ Brand_______ Brand__________ Gross empty weight 2 Ton___ Gross empty weight 5 Ton___ Gross empty weight 20 Ton___ 3 Ton___ 5 Ton___ 8 Ton___ 8 Ton___10 Ton___ 12 Ton___ 30 Ton___ 40 Ton___ Age <3 yrs ___3-5yrs___ Age <3 yrs ___3-5yrs__ _ Age <3 yrs ___3-5yrs___ 5-10yrs____ >10yrs___ 5-10yrs___ >10yrs___ 5-10yrs___ >10yrs___ CURRENT Km__________ CURRENT Km___________ CURRENT Km_____________ Daily Km_______ Daily Km________ Daily Km__________ Annual Km________ Annual Km_________ Annual Km___________ Km per liter________ Km per liter_________ Km per liter___________ Average speed________ Average speed_________ Average speed___________ Number daily trips_____ Number daily trips_____ Number daily trips_____ _____________________________________________________________________________ 20 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Draft Final Annex B Guangzhou Truck Company Survey GENERAL COMPANY INFORMATION Date:________________ Truck company name_________________________________ ____________________ Year of company establishment________________________ Name of person Fleet size________________________ completing survey How many years trucks in fleet________________________ How many drivers________________________ ____________________ How many other staff________________________ Position MAIN TRAVEL DESTINATIONS ____________________ Guangzhou: ___________________________________________ Contact tel Other cities Guangdong province: ______________________________________ Other cities (indicate main destination cities)______________________________________ MAINTENANCE PRACTICES Frequency of maintenance: ____________ Kind of maintenance: Oil and Lubrication: (Y/N): _________ Fan Belts/Hoses (Y/N): _________ Engine Tune-Up [valves] (Y/N): _________ Cooling System (Y/N):__________ TRAINING Who is trained: Truck drivers (Y/N): _________ Mechanics staff (Y/N): _________ What does the training cover: Safety (Y/N):_________ Driver behavior to reduce fuel use (Y/N):________ Other training (describe): _________________ REPLACEMENT OF TRUCKS After how many years are China built trucks replaced: _______ years After how many years are China built trucks replaced: _______ years OTHER Does company have process to record: liters/km (Y/N): _________ km/trip (Y/N): _________ average speed (Y/N): _________ km traveled per day, month and year (Y/N): _________ Do trucks have GPS equipment (Y/N): ________ 21 Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Truck Sector Survey Report – Final Description WEIGHT (gross, empty) 2 3 Tons 5 Tons >8 5 Tons 8 Tons 10 Tons >12 20 Tons 30 Tons >40 Tons Tons Tons tons AGE 0-3 (number of 3-5 trucks) 5-10 >10 Brand Domestic (number of International trucks) Average km/day Number of trips/day Average speed (km/hr) Number of crew per truck Transmission type: manual or automatic If manual, how many gears Travel Guangzhou destinations Other cities (number of Guangdong trucks) Other cities in China Other questions