33454 2003 / . 1. . . . ) .( . (" ") 1818 H Street, NW . Washington DC 20433 202 473 9594 : . 202 522 3744 : : . cgap@worldbank.org : . www.cgap.org . . (3) (2)(1):1 (6) (5) (4) (8) (7) . . . . "" . . . . . : . . . . . 3 . . 2 . . : . . . . . 2 :-- 3 . . . . 2 9. () 1999 1997 CRECER . . 4 . 86 . " " 78 5. 10 .( ) " " (BRAC) 36 18 28 . 6 . 112 . 11 . 50 4 Barbara MkNelly and Christopher Dunford, Impact of Credit with Edu- cation on Mothers and Their Young Children's Nutrition: CRECER 3 12.9 Credit with Education Program in Bolivia, Freedom from Hunger Research Paper No. 5 (Davis, Calif.: Freedom from Hunger, 1999). . 7 5 Anton Simanowitz with Alice Walters, "Ensuring Impact: Reaching the Poorest while Building Financially Self-Sufficient Institutions, and Showing Improvement in the Lives of the Poorest Women and Their Families," in Pathways out of Poverty: Innovations in Microfinance 90112 for the Poorest Families, ed. Sam Daley-Harris (Bloomfield, Conn.: 8 Kumarian Press, Inc., 2002). . 6 Barbara MkNelly and Christopher Dunford, Impact of Credit with Edu- cation on Mothers and Their Young Children's Nutrition: Lower Pra SHARE Rural Bank Credit with Education Program in Ghana, Freedom from Hunger Research Paper No. 4 (Davis, Calif.: Freedom from Hunger, 1998), as reported in Analysis of the Effects of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction, by Jonathan Morduch and Barbara Haley (prepared by RESULTS Canada for the Canadian International ) Development Agency, November 2001). ( 7 Joe Remenyi and Benjamin Quinones Jr., eds., Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation: Case Studies from Asia and the Pacific (New York: Pinter Publishers, Ltd., June 2000), 79, 131­34; 253­64. -- . 8 Panjaitan-Drioadisur yo, D.M. 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Chen and Donald Snodgrass, Managing Resources, SEWA Activities, and Risk in Urban India: The Impact of SEWA Bank (Washington, D.C.: AIMS, 2001). 20. 5 () 59) [ ] .( 43) ( ) 26 21.( 27 . " " . . -- . ]) ([ 22. . " ) . " (SEWA FOCCAS ) .( . . 72 18 . 23. 21 MkNelly and Dunford, Impact of Credit with Education [Bolivia] (1999). 22 MkNelly and Dunford, Impact of Credit with Education [Ghana] (1998). 23 Barnes, et al, Impact of Three Microfinance Programs in Uganda (2001). ) 24 Chowdhury and Bhuiya, "Do Poverty Alleviation Programmes Reduce ( Inequity in Health" (2001). 24. 25 Mark M. Pitt, et al, "Credit Programs for the Poor and the Health Status of Children in Rural Bangladesh," International Economic Review, forth- coming. 26 S.R. Schuler and S.M. 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