i CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS (CRVS) FOR MONITORING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) SDGs CRVS MAY 2017 CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS (CRVS) FOR MONITORING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) Samuel Mills, Carla Abouzahr, Jane Kim, Bahie M. Rassekh, Deborah Sarpong Mills, Samuel, Carla Abouzahr, Jane Kim, Bahie M. Rassekh, and Deborah Sarpong. 2017. Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Paper prepared for the eLearning course on Civil Registration & Vital Statistics Systems. CONTENTS Defining Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS). . . . . . . . . . 1 CRVS’ Importance in the National Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 DEFINING CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS (CRVS) T he United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) defines civil registration as “the continuous, permanent, compulsory and universal recording of the occur- rence and characteristics of vital events pertaining to the population, as pro- vided through decree or regulation in accordance with the legal requirements in each country” (UNSD 2014). Vital events comprises live birth, death, fetal death, marriage, divorce, annulment of marriage, judicial separation of marriage, adop- tion, legitimation, and recognition. Civil registration is the best source of vital sta- tistics since it constitutes “the collection of statistics on vital events in a lifetime of a person as well as relevant characteristics of the events themselves and of the person and persons concerned” (UNSD 2014). CRVS’ IMPORTANCE IN THE NATIONAL CONTEXT A well-functioning CRVS system can significantly improve governance at na- tional and subnational levels and can provide legal and protective advan- tages to individuals. For example, civil registration establishes and docu- ments legal identities and thereby enables individuals to enjoy various rights and services offered by the state, including those that have been decreed as human rights in international conventions and declarations, such as the right to acquire a nation- ality as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN 1948). As an administrative system, civil registration generates birth and death data that can be combined with information on migration from a census or a population register to provide governments with up-to-date statistics on population size, growth and dis- tribution. Governments can then use these data to devise and implement efficient, targeted and evidence-based decision-making in public administration. A well-functioning CRVS system also has statistical advantages over censuses and sample surveys because it provides reliable disaggregated data at any geograph- ical or administrative level, at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, data obtained through complete and accurate civil registration processes are not subject to sam- pling errors and contain relatively few response errors. In addition to these legal, administrative, and statistical advantages, CRVS systems play an important role in monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at regional and global levels (UNSD 2014), as discussed below. CRVS’ RELEVANCE TO MONITORING PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS F ollowing what was learned globally from working towards the Millennium De- velopment Goals (MDGs), the global community committed 2016-2030 to achieving new global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that seek “to end all forms of poverty, fight inequalities and tackle climate change, while ensur- ing that no one is left behind” (United Nations 2015). More specifically, the United Nations General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/70/1 (2015) “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” delineated the agenda in 17 goals and 169 targets. To monitor and measure progress, the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (IAEG-SDGs) was tasked with develop- ing a global indicator framework. As of March 2017, the final list of proposed SDG indicators included 230 indicators (United Nations 2016), 67 indicators of which can be measured effectively by using data derived from well-functioning CRVS sys- tems (see annex A). These indicators cover 12 of the SDG 17 goals (i.e., Goals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, and 17). Some targets and indicators are directly related to CRVS, such as measuring the “proportion of children under 5 years whose births have been registered with a civil authority” (see table 1). In addition to directly measuring the development and improvement of CRVS, data from complete and accurate CRVS systems can also provide informa- tion used to monitor other targets and indicators. Table 2 shows the SDG targets for which complete CRVS systems would be the best source of mortality and cause-of- death data. For example, detailed figures on mortality disaggregated by age, sex and location can be continuously recorded through death registration, and monitoring 6 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) SDG Targets and Indicators Related to Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Table 1    SDG Target Indicators for Monitoring Progress 16.9  By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth Proportion of children under 5 years whose births have been registered 16.19.1  registration with a civil authority, by age By 2020… increase significantly the availability of 17.18  Proportion of sustainable development indicators produced at the national 17.18.1  high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by level with full disaggregation when relevant to the target, in accordance income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts  y 2030… support statistical capacity building in 17.19 B Proportion of countries that have conducted at least one population and 17.19.2  countries housing census in the last 10 years and have achieved 100 percent birth registration and 80 percent death registration specific disease patterns require reliable cause-of-death the foundation for social inclusion. CRVS can also help data. Complete CRVS systems can also provide reliable to prevent child marriage, since marriage registration in- population level estimates, which are often needed in dicates the age of each of the marrying parties, and legal the denominator for measuring progress (e.g., indica- documentation such as birth certificates (resulting from tors that measure “per capita” or “per 1,000 population” birth registration) can be used as proof of age. or that require “live births” in the denominator). As briefly described above, well-functioning CRVS systems in countries also play an import- CRVS systems play a critical role, both directly and in- ant role in effecting progress in other SDG targets and directly, in monitoring and achieving many SDG goals, indicators. For example, birth registration is the first step targets and indicators (Box 1). Some of the targets and to establishing legal identity for individuals, and serves as indicators are directly linked to improving CRVS, while SDG Targets Requiring Mortality and Cause-of-Death Data Table 2    Target Definition 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births 3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births 3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, waterborne diseases, and other communicable diseases 3.4 By 2030, reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by one-third through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations 16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 7 others require reliable population level estimates which Types of SDG Targets & Box 1    can be continuously provided by complete CRVS sys- Indicators in Relation to CRVS tems. The fundamental principles behind CRVS are in 1. Directly linked to vital registration (e.g., proportion of children line with the SDGs, including the objective to support under 5 years whose births have been registered). 2. Best measured using data from good-quality CRVS systems (e.g., good governance and to promote inclusion, among oth- the number of total population in the denominator). ers. Investments aimed at improving countries’ CRVS 3. Advanced by CRVS, although do not use data from CRVS systems systems constitute a meaningful step towards achieving (e.g., having a legal identity promotes social and financial inclusion). global sustainable development. 8 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere By 2030, eradicate extreme 1.1  Proportion of population 1.1.1  The indicator Proportion of population below the Denominator poverty for all people below the international international poverty line is defined as the percentage of (population) everywhere, currently poverty line, by sex, the population living on less than US$1.90 a day at 2011 measured as people living age, employment status international prices. The ‘international poverty line’ is on less than US$1.25 a day and geographical currently set at US$1.90 a day at 2011 international prices. location (urban/rural) By 2030, reduce at least by 1.2  Proportion of population 1.2.1  The national poverty rate is the percentage of the total Denominator half the proportion of men, living below the national population living below the national poverty line. The rural (population) women and children of all poverty line, by sex and poverty rate is the percentage of the rural population ages living in poverty in all age living below the national poverty line (or in cases where a its dimensions according to separate, rural poverty line is used, the rural poverty line). national definitions Urban poverty rate is the percentage of the urban population living below the national poverty line (or in cases where a separate, urban poverty line is used, the urban poverty line).  roportion of men, 1.2.2 P The national poverty rate is the percentage of the total Denominator women and children of population living below the national poverty line. The rural (population) all ages living in poverty poverty rate is the percentage of the rural population in all its dimensions living below the national poverty line (or in cases where a according to national separate, rural poverty line is used, the rural poverty line). definitions Urban poverty rate is the percentage of the urban population living below the national poverty line (or in cases where a separate, urban poverty line is used, the urban poverty line). 1.3 Implement nationally  roportion of population 1.3.1 P Metadata 1: This indicator reflects the proportion of the Denominator appropriate social protection covered by social population covered by social protection floors or systems (population) systems and measures for protection floors/ and includes the component proportion of unemployed who all, including floors, and by systems, by sex, receive unemployment benefits which is defined as the 2030 achieve substantial distinguishing children, number of unemployed persons receiving unemployment coverage of the poor and unemployed persons, benefits divided by the total number of unemployment the vulnerable older persons, persons persons times 100. with disabilities, pregnant women, Metadata 2: Coverage of social protection and labor newborns, work-injury programs (SPL) is the percentage of population victims and the poor participating in social insurance, social safety net, and and the vulnerable unemployment benefits and active labor market programs. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.  y 2030, ensure that 1.4 B  roportion of population 1.4.1 P Metadata 2: Coverage of social protection and labor Denominator all men and women, in living in households programs (SPL) is the percentage of population (population) particular the poor and with access to basic participating in social insurance, social safety net, and the vulnerable, have services unemployment benefits and active labor market programs. equal rights to economic Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries. resources, as well as  roportion of total adult 1.4.2 P Metadata 2: Coverage of social protection and labor Denominator access to basic services, population with secure programs (SPL) is the percentage of population (total adult ownership and control tenure rights to land, participating in social insurance, social safety net, and population) over land and other forms with legally recognized unemployment benefits and active labor market programs. of property, inheritance, documentation and who Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries. natural resources, perceive their rights to appropriate new technology land as secure, by sex and financial services, and by type of tenure including microfinance (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 9 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, build the 1.5  Number of deaths, 1.5.1  Death: The number of people who died during the disaster, Numerator resilience of the poor missing persons and or directly after, as a direct result of the hazardous event (deaths) & and those in vulnerable persons affected by Missing: The number of people whose whereabouts is Denominator situations and reduce their disaster per 100,000 unknown since the hazardous event. It includes people who (population) exposure and vulnerability peoplea are presumed dead although there is no physical evidence. to climate-related extreme The data on number of deaths and number of missing events and other economic, are mutually exclusive. Affected: People who are affected, social and environmental either directly or indirectly, by a hazardous event. Directly shocks and disasters affected: People who have suffered injury, illness or other health effects; who were evacuated, displaced, relocated or have suffered direct damage to their livelihoods, economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets. Indirectly affected: People who have suffered consequences, other than or in addition to direct effects, over time due to disruption or changes in economy, critical infrastructures, basic services, commerce, work or social, health and psychological consequences.  irect disaster 1.5.2 D **The monetary value of total or partial destruction of economic loss in physical assets existing in the affected area. Direct relation to global gross economic loss is nearly equivalent to physical damage. domestic product (GDP)a Number of countries 1.5.3  N/A with national and local disaster risk reduction strategiesa Ensure significant 1.a  Proportion of resources 1.a.1    mobilization of resources allocated by the from a variety of sources, government directly including through enhanced to poverty reduction development cooperation, programmes in order to provide adequate 1.a.2  Proportion of total   and predictable means for government spending developing countries, in on essential services particular least developed (education, health and countries, to implement social protection) programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions  reate sound policy 1.b C Proportion of 1.b.1    frameworks at the national, government recurrent regional and international and capital spending levels, based on pro-poor to sectors that and gender-sensitive disproportionately development strategies, benefit women, the poor to support accelerated and vulnerable groups investment in poverty eradication actions (continued on next page) 10 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture  By 2030, end hunger and 2.1  Prevalence of 2.1.1  The prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) (French: Denominator ensure access by all people, undernourishment pourcentage de sous-alimentation; Spanish: porcentaje de (population) in particular the poor sub-alimentación; Italian: prevalenza di sotto-alimentazione) and people in vulnerable is an estimate of the proportion of the population whose situations, including infants, habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the to safe, nutritious and dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal sufficient food all year round active and healthy life. It is expressed as a percentage.  revalence of 2.1.2 P The indicator measures the percentage of individuals in the Denominator moderate or severe population who have experienced food insecurity at moderate (population) food insecurity in the or severe levels during the reference period. The severity population, based on of food insecurity, defined as a latent trait, is measured on the Food Insecurity the Food Insecurity Experience Scale global reference scale, Experience Scale (FIES) a measurement standard established by FAO through the application of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale in more than 140 countries worldwide, starting in 2014.  y 2030, end all forms 2.2 B  revalence of stunting 2.2.1 P Prevalence of stunting (height-for-age <–2 standard Denominator of malnutrition, including (height for age <–2 deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (children < 5) achieving, by 2025, the standard deviation from (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 internationally agreed the median of the World years of age. (French: pourcentage de sous-alimentation; targets on stunting and Health Organization Spanish: porcentaje de sub-alimentación) wasting in children under 5 (WHO) Child Growth years of age, and address Standards) among the nutritional needs of children under 5 years adolescent girls, pregnant of age and lactating women and  revalence of 2.2.2 P Metadata1: Prevalence of overweight (weight for height Denominator older persons malnutrition (weight >+2 standard deviation from the median of the World (children < 5) for height >+2 or <–2 Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among standard deviation from children under 5 years of age. Metadata 2: Prevalence of the median of the WHO wasting (weight for height <–2 standard deviation from Child Growth Standards) the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child among children under Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age. 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight) By 2030, double the 2.3  Volume of production 2.3.1    agricultural productivity per labour unit by and incomes of small-scale classes of farming/ food producers, in particular pastoral/forestry women, indigenous peoples, enterprise size family farmers, pastoralists Average income of 2.3.2    and fishers, including through small-scale food secure and equal access producers, by sex and to land, other productive indigenous status resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 11 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, ensure 2.4  Proportion of 2.4.1    sustainable food production agricultural area systems and implement under productive and resilient agricultural sustainable agriculture practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality By 2020, maintain the 2.5  Number of plant 2.5.1    genetic diversity of seeds, and animal genetic cultivated plants and resources for food and farmed and domesticated agriculture secured animals and their related in either medium or wild species, including long-term conservation through soundly managed facilities and diversified seed  roportion of local 2.5.2 P The indicator presents the percentage of livestock breeds and plant banks at the breeds classified as classified as being at risk, not at risk or of unknown risk national, regional and being at risk, not-at-risk of extinctions at a certain moment in time, as well as the international levels, and or at unknown level of trends for those percentages. promote access to and risk of extinction fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed Increase investment, 2.a  2.a.1 The agriculture The Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government including through enhanced orientation index Expenditures is defined as the Agriculture Share of international cooperation, for government Government Expenditures, divided by the Agriculture Share in rural infrastructure, expenditures of GDP, where Agriculture refers to the agriculture, forestry, agricultural research fishing and hunting sector. The measure in a currency-free and extension services, index, calculated as the ratio of these two shares. National technology development governments are requested to compile Government and plant and livestock gene Expenditures according to the international Classification of banks in order to enhance Functions of Government (COFOC), and Agriculture Share of agricultural productive GDP according to the System of National Accounts (SNA). capacity in developing 2.a.2 Total official flows Total official flows (official development assistance plus countries, in particular least (official development other official flows) to the agriculture sector is defined as developed countries assistance plus other Gross disbursements of total ODA and other official flows official flows) to the from all donors to the agriculture sector. agriculture sector (continued on next page) 12 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  orrect and prevent trade 2.b C 2.b.1 Producer Support Producer Support Estimate (PSE): The annual monetary restrictions and distortions Estimate value of gross transfers from consumers and taxpayers to in world agricultural agricultural producers, measured at the farm-gate level, markets, including through arising from policy measures that support agriculture, the parallel elimination of all regardless of their nature, objectives or impacts on farm forms of agricultural export production or income. Percentage PSE (%PSE): PSE as a subsidies and all export share of gross farm receipts (including support). measures with equivalent 2.b.2 Agricultural export Agricultural export subsidies are defined as export subsidies effect, in accordance with subsidies budgetary outlays and quantities as notified by WTO Members the mandate of the Doha in Tables ES:1 and supporting Tables ES:2 (following Development Round templates in document G/AG/2 dated 30 June 1995). Adopt measures to ensure 2.c  2.c.1 Indicator of food price   the proper functioning of anomalies food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages By 2030, reduce the global 3.1  Maternal mortality ratio 3.1.1  The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number Numerator maternal mortality ratio to of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 (deaths by cause) less than 70 per 100,000 live births during the same time period. It depicts the risk & Denominator live births of maternal death relative to the number of live births and (live births) essentially captures the risk of death in a single pregnancy or a single live birth. Maternal deaths: The annual number of female deaths from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes) during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, expressed per 100,000 live births, for a specified time period.  roportion of births 3.1.2 P The proportion of births attended by skilled health Numerator & attended by skilled personnel as defined as the percentage of live births Denominator (live health personnel attended by skilled health personnel during a specified time births) period, generally up to the past five years. (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 13 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, end preventable 3.2  Under-five mortality rate Under-five mortality is the probability of a child born in a 3.2.1  Numerator deaths of newborns and specific year or period dying before reaching the age of (deaths by cause) children under 5 years 5 years, if subject to age specific mortality rates of that & Denominator of age, with all countries period, expressed per 1000 live births. (live births) aiming to reduce neonatal Neonatal mortality rate The neonatal mortality rate is the probability that a child 3.2.2  Numerator mortality to at least as low born in a specific year or period will die during the first 28 (deaths by cause) as 12 per 1,000 live births completed days of life if subject to age-specific mortality & Denominator and under–5 mortality to rates of that period, expressed per 1000 live births. (live births) at least as low as 25 per Neonatal deaths (deaths among live births during the first 1,000 live births 28 completed days of life) may be subdivided into early neonatal deaths, occurring during the first 7 days of life, and late neonatal deaths, occurring after the 7th day but before the 28th completed day of life. By 2030, end the epidemics 3.3.1  3.3  Number of new HIV The number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected Denominator of AIDS, tuberculosis, infections per 1,000 population, by sex, age and key populations as defined as (population) malaria and neglected uninfected population, the number of new HIV infections per 1000 person-years tropical diseases and by sex, age and key among the uninfected population. combat hepatitis, water- populations borne diseases and other 3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence The tuberculosis incidence per 1,000 population as defined Denominator communicable diseases per 1,000 population as the estimated number of new and relapse TB cases (all (population) forms of TB, including cases in people living with HIV) arising in a given year, expressed as a rate per 1,000 population.  alaria incidence per 3.3.3 M   Denominator 1,000 population (population) Hepatitis B incidence 3.3.4    Denominator per 100,000 population (population) Number of people 3.3.5  Number of people requiring treatment and care for any requiring interventions one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) targeted against neglected by the WHO NTD Roadmap and World Health Assembly tropical diseases resolutions and reported to WHO. By 2030, reduce by one 3.4  3.4.1 Mortality rate attributed Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, Numerator third premature mortality to cardiovascular disease, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease. Probability of dying (Deaths by cause) from non-communicable cancer, diabetes or chronic between the ages of 30 and 70 years from cardiovascular & Denominator diseases through prevention respiratory disease diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases, (population) and treatment and promote defined as the per cent of 30-year-old-people who would mental health and well- die before their 70th birthday from cardiovascular disease, being cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease, assuming that s/he would experience current mortality rates at every age and s/he would not die from any other cause of death (e.g., injuries or HIV/AIDS). This indicator is calculated using life table methods (see further details in section 3.3) Suicide mortality rate 3.4.2  The Suicide mortality rate as defined as the number of Numerator suicide deaths in a year, divided by the population, and (Deaths by cause) multiplied by 100 000. & Denominator (population) (continued on next page) 14 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Strengthen the prevention 3.5  Coverage of treatment 3.5.1    Denominator and treatment of substance interventions (population) abuse, including narcotic (pharmacological, drug abuse and harmful use psychosocial and of alcohol rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders Harmful use of alcohol, 3.5.2  Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national Denominator defined according to context as alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years (population) the national context and older) within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol as alcohol per capita Total alcohol per capita consumption (APC) is defined as consumption (aged 15 the total (sum of recorded APC three-year average and years and older) within unrecorded APC) amount of alcohol consumed per adult a calendar year in litres (15+ years) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol. of pure alcohol Recorded alcohol consumption refers to official statistics at country level (production, import, export, and sales or taxation data), while the unrecorded alcohol consumption refers to alcohol which is not taxed and is outside the usual system of governmental control, such as home or informally produced alcohol (legal or illegal), smuggled alcohol, surrogate alcohol (which is alcohol not intended for human consumption), or alcohol obtained through cross-border shopping (which is recorded in a different jurisdiction). In circumstances in which the number of tourists per year is at least the number of inhabitants, the tourist consumption is also taken into account and is deducted from the country’s recorded APC. The data on the number of tourists is from UN Tourist Statistics. By 2020, halve the number 3.6.1  3.6  Death rate due to road Death rate due to road traffic injuries as defined as the Numerator of global deaths and injuries traffic injuries number of road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100,000 (deaths by cause) from road traffic accidents population. & Denominator (population) By 2030, ensure universal 3.7  Proportion of women of 3.7.1  The percentage of women of reproductive age (15–49 Denominator access to sexual and reproductive age (aged years) who desire either to have no (additional) children or (population reproductive health-care 15–49 years) who have to postpone the next child and who are currently using a 15–49 years) services, including for their need for family modern contraceptive method. family planning, information planning satisfied with and education, and the modern methods integration of reproductive Adolescent birth rate 3.7.2  Annual number of births to females aged 10–14 or 15–19 Numerator health into national (aged 10–14 years; years per 1,000 females in the respective age group. (births by cause) strategies and programmes aged 15–19 years) per & Denominator 1,000 women in that (female age group population aged 10–19) (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 15 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Achieve universal health 3.8  Coverage of essential 3.8.1    Denominator coverage, including financial health services (population) risk protection, access to (defined as the average quality essential health- coverage of essential care services and access services based on to safe, effective, quality tracer interventions that and affordable essential include reproductive, medicines and vaccines maternal, newborn for all and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population) Number of people 3.8.2    Denominator covered by health (population) insurance or a public health system per 1,000 population By 2030, substantially 3.9  Mortality rate attributed 3.9.1  The mortality attributable to the joint effects of household Numerator reduce the number of to household and and ambient air pollution can be expressed as: Number of (deaths by cause) deaths and illnesses from ambient air pollution deaths, Death rate. Death rates are calculated by dividing & Denominator hazardous chemicals and the number of deaths by the total population (or indicated if (population) air, water and soil pollution a different population group is used, e.g. children under 5 and contamination years). Evidence from epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to air pollution is linked, among others, to the important diseases taken into account in this estimate: – Acute respiratory infections in young children (estimated under 5 years of age); – Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke) in adults (estimated above 25 years); – Ischaemic heart diseases (IHD) in adults (estimated above 25 years); – Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults (estimated above 25 years); and – Lung cancer in adults (estimated above 25 years). Mortality rate attributed 3.9.2  The mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe Numerator to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, (deaths by cause) sanitation and lack of Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services) as defined & Denominator hygiene (exposure to as the number of deaths from unsafe water, unsafe (population) unsafe Water, Sanitation sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe WASH and Hygiene for All services) in a year, divided by the population, and multiplied (WASH) services) by 100,000. Mortality rate attributed 3.9.3  The mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning Numerator to unintentional as defined as the number of deaths of unintentional (deaths by cause) poisoning poisonings in a year, divided by the population, and & Denominator multiplied by 100 000. (population) (continued on next page) 16 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Strengthen the 3.a  3.a.1 Age-standardized   Denominator implementation of the prevalence of current (population) World Health Organization tobacco use among Framework Convention persons aged 15 years on Tobacco Control in all and older countries, as appropriate  upport the research 3.b S Proportion of the 3.b.1    Denominator and development of population with access (population) vaccines and medicines to affordable medicines for the communicable and vaccines on a and noncommunicable sustainable basis diseases that primarily Total net official 3.b.2  Total net official development assistance (ODA) to the affect developing countries, development assistance medical research and basic health sectors is currently provide access to affordable to medical research and measured by the gross disbursements of total ODA from all essential medicines and basic health sectors donors to medical research and basic health sectors. vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all Substantially increase 3.c  Health worker density 3.c.1  Density of health workers per 1000 population Comments Denominator health financing and the and distribution and limitations:Data on health workers tend to be more (population) recruitment, development, complete for the public sector and may underestimate the training and retention active workforce in the private, military, nongovernmental of the health workforce organization and faith-based health sectors. The data in developing countries, set has missing years as data is not always published especially in least developed on annually. Due to the differences in data sources, countries and small island considerable variability remains across countries in the developing States coverage, periodicity, quality and completeness of the original data.  trengthen the capacity of 3.d S International Health 3.d.1  Percentage of attributes of 13 core capacities that have all countries, in particular Regulations (IHR) been attained at a specific point in time. The 13 core developing countries, for capacity and capacities are: (1) National legislation, policy and financing; early warning, risk reduction health emergency (2) Coordination and National Focal Point communications; and management of preparedness (3) Surveillance; (4) Response; (5) Preparedness; (6) Risk national and global health communication; (7) Human resources; (8) Laboratory; (9) risks Points of entry; (10) Zoonotic events; (11) Food safety; (12) Chemical events; (13) Radionuclear emergencies. (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 17 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all  By 2030, ensure that all 4.1  Proportion of children 4.1.1  Percentage of children and young people in Grade 2 or Denominator girls and boys complete and young people: 3 of primary education, at the end of primary education (population) free, equitable and quality (a) in grades 2/3; (b) and the end of lower secondary education achieving primary and secondary at the end of primary; at least a minimum proficiency level in (a) reading and education leading to and (c) at the end (b) mathematics. The minimum proficiency level will relevant and effective of lower secondary be measured relative to new common reading and learning outcomes achieving at least a mathematics scales currently in development. minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex By 2030, ensure that all 4.2  Proportion of 4.2.1  The proportion of children under 5 years of age who Denominator girls and boys have access children under 5 are developmentally on track in health, learning and (population <5) to quality early childhood years of age who are psychosocial well-being is currently being measured by development, care and pre- developmentally on the percentage of children aged 36–59 months who are primary education so that track in health, learning developmentally on-track in at least three of the following they are ready for primary and psychosocial well- four domains: literacy-numeracy, physical, socio-emotional education being, by sex and learning. Participation rate in 4.2.2  The participation rate in organized learning (one year Denominator organized learning (one before the official primary entry age), by sex as defined (population) year before the official as the percentage of children in the given age range who primary entry age), by participate in one or more organized learning programme, sex including programmes which offer a combination of education and care. Participation in early childhood and in primary education are both included. The age range will vary by country depending on the official age for entry to primary education. By 2030, ensure equal 4.3  Participation rate of 4.3.1  The percentage of youth and adults in a given age range Denominator access for all women and youth and adults in (e.g. 15–24 years, 25–64 years, etc.) participating in (population aged men to affordable and formal and non-formal formal or non-formal education or training in a given time 15 and above) quality technical, vocational education and training period (e.g. last 12 months). and tertiary education, in the previous 12 including university months, by sex By 2030, substantially 4.4  Proportion of youth and 4.4.1  The proportion of youth and adults with information and Denominator increase the number of adults with information communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill as (population aged youth and adults who have and communications defined as the percentage of youth (aged 15–24 years) 15 and above) relevant skills, including technology (ICT) skills, and adults (aged 15 years and above) that have undertaken technical and vocational by type of skill certain computer-related activities in a given time period skills, for employment, (e.g. last three months). decent jobs and entrepreneurship (continued on next page) 18 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, eliminate gender 4.5  Parity indices (female/ 4.5.1  Parity indices require data for the specific groups of disparities in education male, rural/urban, interest. They represent the ratio of the indicator value for and ensure equal access bottom/top wealth one group to that of the other. Typically, the likely more to all levels of education quintile and others such disadvantaged group is placed in the numerator. A value of and vocational training for as disability status, exactly 1 indicates parity between the two groups. the vulnerable, including indigenous peoples and persons with disabilities, conflict-affected, as data indigenous peoples and become available) for children in vulnerable all education indicators situations on this list that can be disaggregated By 2030, ensure that all 4.6  Percentage of 4.6.1  The percentage of youth (aged 15–24 years) and of adults youth and a substantial population in a given (aged 15 years and above) have achieved or exceeded a proportion of adults, both age group achieving given level of proficiency in (a) literacy and (b) numeracy. men and women, achieve at least a fixed level of The minimum proficiency level will be measured relative literacy and numeracy proficiency in functional to new common literacy and numeracy scales currently in (a) literacy and (b) development. numeracy skills, by sex By 2030, ensure that 4.7  Extent to which (i) global   4.7.1  all learners acquire the citizenship education knowledge and skills needed and (ii) education to promote sustainable for sustainable development, including, development, including among others, through gender equality and education for sustainable human rights, are development and sustainable mainstreamed at all lifestyles, human rights, levels in: (a) national gender equality, promotion of education policies, a culture of peace and non- (b) curricula, (c) violence, global citizenship teacher education and and appreciation of cultural (d) student assessment diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development Build and upgrade 4.a   roportion of schools 4.a.1 P The percentage of schools by level of education (primary education facilities that are with access to: education) with access to the given facility or service. child, disability and gender (a) electricity; (b) the sensitive and provide Internet for pedagogical safe, non-violent, inclusive purposes; (c) computers and effective learning for pedagogical environments for all purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single- sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions) (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 19 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2020, substantially 4.b B Volume of official 4.b.1  The volume of official development assistance flows for expand globally the development assistance scholarships by sector and type of study is defined as gross number of scholarships flows for scholarships disbursements of total official development assistance available to developing by sector and type of (ODA) from all donors for scholarships. countries, in particular study least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries By 2030, substantially 4.c   roportion of teachers 4.c.1 P The percentage of teachers by level of education taught increase the supply of in: (a) pre-primary; (pre-primary, primary, lower secondary and upper qualified teachers, including (b) primary; (c) lower secondary education) who have received at least the through international secondary; and minimum organized pedagogical teacher training pre- cooperation for teacher (d) upper secondary service and in-service required for teaching at the relevant training in developing education who have level in a given country. countries, especially least received at least the developed countries and minimum organized small island developing teacher training (e.g. States pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls End all forms of 5.1  Whether or not legal 5.1.1    discrimination against frameworks are in place all women and girls to promote, enforce and everywhere monitor equality and nondiscrimination on the basis of sex (continued on next page) 20 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Eliminate all forms of 5.2  Proportion of ever- 5.2.1    violence against all women partnered women and and girls in the public and girls aged 15 years private spheres, including and older subjected trafficking and sexual and to physical, sexual or other types of exploitation psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age  roportion of women and   5.2.2 P girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence Eliminate all harmful 5.3  Proportion of women 5.3.1  Proportion of women aged 20–24 years who were married or in Numerator practices, such as child, aged 20–24 years who a union before age 15 and before age 18 early and forced marriage were married or in a and female genital union before age 15 mutilation and before age 18  roportion of girls 5.3.2 P Proportion of girls and women aged 15–49 years who have and women aged undergone female genital mutilation/cutting is currently 15–49 years who have being measured by the proportion of girls aged 15–19 undergone female years who have undergone female genital mutilation/ genital mutilation/ cutting cutting, by age  ecognize and value 5.4 R  roportion of time spent 5.4.1 P Time spent on unpaid domestic and care work refers to unpaid care and domestic on unpaid domestic and the average time women and men spend on household work through the provision care work, by sex, age provision of services for own consumption. Domestic and of public services, and location care work includes food preparation, dishwashing, cleaning infrastructure and social and upkeep of a dwelling, laundry, ironing, gardening, protection policies and caring for pets, shopping, installation, servicing and repair the promotion of shared of personal and household goods, childcare, and care of the responsibility within the sick, elderly or disabled household members, among others. household and the family as Time spent on unpaid domestic and care work as well as nationally appropriate on community or volunteer work constitutes the overall time spent on “unpaid work”. Community or volunteer work includes volunteer services for organizations, unpaid community work, and informal help to other households, among other activities. Activities included in unpaid work are not included within the SNA production boundary but are part of the SNA General Production Boundary. As much as possible, data compiled by UNSD are based on the International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics (ICATUS), according to which paid and unpaid work are delineated by the SNA production boundary. (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 21 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Ensure women’s full and 5.5  Proportion of seats held 5.5.1  The proportion of seats held by women in national effective participation and by women in national parliaments and local governments, currently as at 1 equal opportunities for parliaments and local February of reporting year, is currently measured as the leadership at all levels of governments number of seats held by women members in single or decision-making in political, lower chambers of national parliaments, expressed as a economic and public life percentage of all occupied seats. National parliaments can be bicameral or unicameral. This indicator covers the single chamber in unicameral parliaments and the lower chamber in bicameral parliaments. It does not cover the upper chamber of bicameral parliaments. Seats are usually won by members in general parliamentary elections. Seats may also be filled by nomination, appointment, indirect election, rotation of members and byelection. Seats refer to the number of parliamentary mandates, or the number of members of parliament.  roportion of women in 5.5.2 P This indicator refers to the proportion of females in the managerial positions total number of persons employed in senior and middle management. For the purposes of this indicator, senior and middle management correspond to major group 1 in both ISCO-08 and ISCO-88 minus category 14 in ISCO-08 (hospitality, retail and other services managers) and minus category 13 in ISCO-88 (general managers), since these comprise mainly managers of small enterprises. If statistics are not disaggregated at the sub-major level, then major group 1 of ISCO-88 and ISCO-08 could be used as a proxy. Ensure universal 5.6   roportion of women 5.6.1 P   access to sexual and aged 15–49 years who reproductive health and make their own informed reproductive rights as decisions regarding sexual agreed in accordance relations, contraceptive use with the Programme of and reproductive health Action of the International care Conference on Population 5.6.2 Number of countries   and Development and with laws and the Beijing Platform for regulations that Action and the outcome guarantee women aged documents of their review 15–49 years access to conferences sexual and reproductive health care, information and education (continued on next page) 22 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Undertake reforms to give 5.a  (a) Proportion of total 5.a.1    women equal rights to agricultural population economic resources, as well with ownership or secure as access to ownership and rights over agricultural control over land and other land, by sex; and (b) share forms of property, financial of women among owners services, inheritance or rights-bearers of and natural resources, in agricultural land, by type accordance with national of tenure laws 5.a.2 Proportion of countries Indicator 5.a.2 collects all existing national policy objectives, where the legal draft provisions, legal provisions and implementing legislation framework (including that reflect good practices in guaranteeing women’s equal rights customary law) to land ownership and/or control. “Land ownership” is defined guarantees women’s as a legally recognised right to acquire, to use and to transfer equal rights to land landed property. “Control over land” is defined as the ability ownership and/or to make decisions over landed property. The proxies used to control monitor Indicator 5.a.2 are widely recognised as good practices in strengthening women’s rights to land ownership and/or control. The indicator captures the following four proxies: a) Does the legal framework provide for the establishment of a fund to increase women’s access to land and/or access to productive resources and services? b) Is joint titling of private property compulsory or encouraged through economic incentives for married or unmarried couples, in accordance with national law? c) In recognised customary tenure systems, does the law facilitate the recording of all interests in land (including use rights) of men and women? The policy and legal instruments covered include draft policy documents, formally adopted policy documents, draft legislation, primary law, secondary legislation (see terminology section for detailed explanation). Nota bene: The proxies are intended to capture a range of different regional contexts to reflect the universal scope of the Sustainable Development Goals. As a result, Proxy c) may not be applicable to all countries.  nhance the use of 5.b E Proportion of individuals 5.b.1  The proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, Denominator enabling technology, in who own a mobile by sex is defined as the ‘proportion of individuals who own (population) particular information telephone, by sex a mobile telephone, by sex’. and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women Adopt and strengthen sound 5.c.1 P 5.c   roportion of countries     policies and enforceable with systems to track legislation for the promotion and make public of gender equality and the allocations for gender empowerment of all women equality and women’s and girls at all levels empowerment (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 23 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all By 2030, achieve universal 6.1.1  6.1  Proportion of population Proportion of population using safely managed drinking and equitable access to using safely managed water services is currently being measured by the safe and affordable drinking drinking water services proportion of population using an improved basic drinking water for all water source which is located on premises and available when needed and free of faecal (and priority chemical) contamination. ‘Improved’ source defined the same as used for MDG monitoring i.e. piped water into dwelling, yard or plot; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; protected springs and rainwater. By 2030, achieve access 6.2  Proportion of population 6.2.1  The Proportion of population using safely managed to adequate and equitable using safely managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility sanitation and hygiene for sanitation services, with soap and water is currently being measured by the all and end open defecation, including a hand- proportion of the population using an improved basic paying special attention to washing facility with sanitation facility at the household level which is not shared the needs of women and soap and water with other households and where excreta is safely disposed girls and those in vulnerable in situ or treated off-site. ‘Improved’ source defined the situations same as used for MDG monitoring i.e. flush or pour flush toilets to sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, pit latrines with a slab, and composting toilets. Population with a handwashing facility: a device to contain, transport or regulate the flow of water to facilitate handwashing with soap and water in the household. (continued on next page) 24 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, improve water 6.3  Proportion of 6.3.1  Proportion of wastewater generated by households and quality by reducing wastewater safely by economic activities which is safely treated based on pollution, eliminating treated treatment ladders as defined by the SEEA: (http://unstats. dumping and minimizing un.org/unsd/envaccounting/water.asp, and International release of hazardous Recommendations for Water Statistics and IRWS: http:// chemicals and materials, unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/irws/irwswebversion. halving the proportion of pdf) compared to total wastewater generated by households untreated wastewater and and economic activities. This indicator covers households substantially increasing and the entire economy, and builds on the monitoring recycling and safe reuse framework of JMP, UNSD/UNEP Water Questionnaire for globally non OECD/Eurostat countries, OECD/Eurostat Questionnaire for OECD countries, AQUASAT, IBNET. Statistical methods for measurement of wastewater treatment is aligned with the SEEA21 statistical standard and associated definitions, classifications and treatment categories (Encompasses all wastewater generated and treated by the economy. Treatment Categories will be consistent, as much as possible within the context of global monitoring purposes, with those defined in the SEEA (http://unstats. un.org/unsd/envaccounting/water.asp), and International Recommendations for Water Statistics (IRWS: http://unstats. un.org/unsd/envaccounting/irws/irwswebversion.pdf) In addition, combining UNIDO industries database (http:// stat.unido.org/) ISIC standard Classification system (http:// unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/seriesM/seriesm_4rev4e. pdf ), will allow for data to be disaggregated for industrial/ commercial wastewater into various economic activities, as well as differentiate hazardous industries from the rest. USEPA has harmonized hazardous waste classification with EU regulations compliment ISIC codes for all waste classes. (www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/waste/stats/wasteclassification/ EPA_Waste_Classification_2015_Web.pdf) The household portion of wastewater is the same indicator as 6.2.1, and the monitoring of that will be interlinked to JMP monitoring for 6.2.1. Over the last 25 years the JMP has established global norms and standards for monitoring drinking water, sanitation and hygiene. The proposed 6.2.1. indicator builds on these and was developed following extensive consultations with sector experts. Major international consultations took place in 2011 and 2012, as well as many regional and country consultations in various parts of the world. Existing global norms and standards and technical recommendations for SDG monitoring are documented here: http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/ Methodological-note-on-monitoringSDG-targets-for-WASH- and-wastewater_WHO-UNICEF_8October2015_Final.pdf. Proportion of bodies 6.3.2    of water with good ambient water quality (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 25 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, substantially 6.4  Change in water-use 6.4.1    increase water-use efficiency over time efficiency across all sectors 6.4.2 L  evel of water stress: The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a and ensure sustainable freshwater withdrawal proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio withdrawals and supply of as a proportion of between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors freshwater to address water available freshwater and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking scarcity and substantially resources into account environmental water requirements. Main reduce the number of sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; people suffering from water forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and scarcity services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity By 2030, implement 6.5  Degree of integrated 6.5.1  The indicator degree of implementation of Integrated integrated water resources water resources Water Resources Management (IWRM), measured in per management at all management cent (%) from 0 (implementation not yet started) to 100 levels, including through implementation (0–100) (fully implemented) is currently being measured in terms transboundary cooperation of different stages of development and implementation as appropriate of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The definition of IWRM is based on an internationally agreed definition, and is universally applicable. IWRM was officially established in 1992 and is defined as “a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximise economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.” (GWP 2010). The method builds on official UN IWRM status reporting, from 2008 and 2012, of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation from the UN World Summit for Sustainable Development (1992).  roportion of 6.5.2 P The proportion of transboundary basin area with an transboundary basin operational arrangement for water cooperation is defined area with an operational as the proportion of transboundary basins area within arrangement for water a country with an operational arrangement for water cooperation cooperation. It is derived by adding up the surface area in a country of those transboundary surface water catchments and transboundary aquifers (i.e. ‘transboundary’ basins) that are covered by an operational arrangement and dividing the obtained area by the aggregate total area in a country of all transboundary basins (both catchments and aquifers). The result is multiplied by 100 to obtain it expressed as percentage share. By 2020, protect and 6.6  Change in the extent 6.6.1    restore water-related of water-related ecosystems, including ecosystems over time mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes (continued on next page) 26 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, expand 6.a  Amount of water- and 6.a.1  Amount of water- and sanitation-related official international cooperation sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government and capacity-building development assistance coordinated spending plan is defined as the proportion support to developing that is part of a of total water and sanitation-related Official Development countries in water- and government-coordinated Assistance (ODA) disbursements that are included in the sanitation-related activities spending plan government budget. and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies  upport and strengthen 6.b S Proportion of local 6.b.1  Proportion of local administrative units with established the participation of local administrative units and operational policies and procedures for participation communities in improving with established and of local communities in water and sanitation management water and sanitation operational policies is currently measured as the presence or absence in a management and procedures country of clearly defined procedures in law or policy for for participation of participation by service users/communities in planning local communities in program in water, sanitation and hygiene management water and sanitation and the presence or absence in a country of a high management level of users/communities participating in planning programs in water, sanitation and hygiene management. Data on local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for local participation will be available by end-2016. This indicator will assess the percentage of local administrative units (as defined by the national government) that have an established and operational mechanism by which individuals and communities can meaningfully contribute to decisions and directions about water and sanitation management. Until then, the presence of policies and procedures as reported at the national level for different subsectors will be reported. Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all  By 2030, ensure universal 7.1   roportion of population Proportion of population with access to electricity is the 7.1.1 P access to affordable, with access to electricity percentage of population with access to electricity reliable and modern energy Proportion of population 7.1.2  Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean services with primary reliance fuels and technology is calculated as the number of people on clean fuels and using clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating technology and lighting divided by total population reporting that any cooking, heating or lighting, expressed as percentage. “Clean” is defined by the emission rate targets and specific fuel recommendations (i.e. against unprocessed coal and kerosene) included in the normative guidance WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: household fuel combustion. By 2030, increase 7.2  Renewable energy 7.2.1  The renewable energy share in total final consumption substantially the share of share in the total final is the percentage of final consumption of energy that is renewable energy in the energy consumption derived from renewable resources. global energy mix (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 27 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, double the global 7.3  Energy intensity 7.3.1  Energy intensity is defined as the energy supplied to the rate of improvement in measured in terms of economy pet unit value of economic output. energy efficiency primary energy and GDP By 2030, enhance 7.a   obilized amount of 7.a.1 M   international cooperation United States dollars to facilitate access to per year starting in clean energy research 2020 accountable and technology, including towards the $100 billion renewable energy, energy commitment efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology  y 2030, expand 7.b B Investments in 7.b.1    infrastructure and upgrade energy efficiency as a technology for supplying percentage of GDP and modern and sustainable the amount of foreign energy services for all in direct investment developing countries, in in financial transfer particular least developed for infrastructure countries, small island and technology developing States and to sustainable landlocked developing development services countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all  Sustain per capita economic 8.1.1  8.1  Annual growth rate of Annual growth rate of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Denominator growth in accordance with real GDP per capita per capita is calculated as the percentage change in the (population) national circumstances and, real GDP per capita between two consecutive years. Real in particular, at least 7 per GDP per capita is calculated by dividing GDP at constant cent gross domestic product prices by the population of a country or area. The data for growth per annum in the real GDP are measured in constant US dollars to facilitate least developed countries the calculation of country growth rates and aggregation of the country data Achieve higher levels of 8.2  Annual growth rate of 8.2.1  Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person economic productivity real GDP per employed conveys the annual percentage change in real Gross through diversification, person Domestic Product per employed person. technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high- value added and labour- intensive sectors (continued on next page) 28 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Promote development- 8.3  Proportion of informal 8.3.1    oriented policies that employment in support productive nonagriculture activities, decent job employment, by sex creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium- sized enterprises, including through access to financial services Improve progressively, 8.4  Material footprint, 8.4.1    Denominator through 2030, global material footprint per (population) resource efficiency in capita, and material consumption and production footprint per GDP and endeavour to decouple 8.4.2 Domestic material   Denominator economic growth from consumption, domestic (population) environmental degradation, material consumption in accordance with the per capita, and 10Year Framework of domestic material Programmes on Sustainable consumption per GDP Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead By 2030, achieve full and 8.5  8.5.1 Average hourly   productive employment and earnings of female and decent work for all women male employees, by and men, including for occupation, age and young people and persons persons with disabilities with disabilities, and equal  nemployment rate, by 8.5.2 U The unemployment rate conveys the percentage of persons pay for work of equal value sex, age and persons in the labour force who are unemployed. with disabilities By 2020, substantially 8.6  Proportion of youth 8.6.1  This proportion of youth (aged 15–24 years) not in Denominator reduce the proportion of (aged 15–24 years) education, employment or training, also known as “the (population aged youth not in employment, not in education, NEET rate”, conveys the number of young persons not in 15–24) education or training employment or training education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population. Take immediate and 8.7  Proportion and number 8.7.1  Proportion (and number) of children aged 5–17 years Denominator effective measures to of children aged engaged in child labour is the number of children aged (population aged eradicate forced labour, end 517 years engaged 5–17 years who are reported to have been engaged in 5–17) modern slavery and human in child labour, by sex child labour in the past week divided by the total number of trafficking and secure the and age children aged 5–17 in the population. prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 29 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Protect labour rights and 8.8  Frequency rates of 8.8.1  The frequency rates of fatal and non-fatal occupational Numerator promote safe and secure fatal and non-fatal injuries provide information on the number of cases of (deaths by cause) working environments for all occupational injuries, by fatal and non-fatal occupational injury per hours worked workers, including migrant sex and migrant status by the concerned population during the reference period. workers, in particular It is a measure of the risk of having a fatal or a non-fatal women migrants, and those occupational injury based on the duration of exposure to in precarious employment adverse work-related factors. Increase in national 8.8.2    compliance of labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status By 2030, devise and 8.9  Tourism direct GDP as a   8.9.1  implement policies to proportion of total GDP promote sustainable and in growth rate tourism that creates jobs Number of jobs in 8.9.2    and promotes local culture tourism industries as a and products proportion of total jobs and growth rate of jobs, by sex Strengthen the capacity 8.10  Number of commercial   8.10.1  Denominator of domestic financial bank branches and (population) institutions to encourage automated teller and expand access to machines (ATMs) per banking, insurance and 100,000 adults financial services for all Proportion of adults 8.10.2  The percentage of adults (ages 15+) who report having an (15 years and older) account (by themselves or together with someone else) at with an account at a a bank or another type of financial institution or personally bank or other financial using a mobile money service in the past 12 months. institution or with a mobile-money-service provider Increase Aid for Trade 8.a   id for Trade 8.a.1 A Aid for Trade commitments and disbursements is the support for developing commitments and gross disbursements and commitments of total Official countries, in particular disbursements Development Assistance (ODA) from all donors for aid for least developed countries, trade. including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries (continued on next page) 30 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2020, develop and 8.b B 8.b.1 Total government   operationalize a global spending in strategy for youth social protection employment and implement and employment the Global Jobs Pact of programmes as a the International Labour proportion of the national Organization budgets and GDP Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation  Develop quality, reliable, 9.1  Proportion of the rural 9.1.1    Denominator sustainable and resilient population who live (population) infrastructure, including within 2 km of an all- regional and trans-border season road infrastructure, to support Passenger and freight 9.1.2  Passenger and freight volumes is the sum of the passenger economic development and volumes, by mode of and freight volumes reported for the air carriers in terms of human well-being, with a transport number of people and metric tonnes of cargo respectively focus on affordable and equitable access for all Promote inclusive and 9.2  Manufacturing value 9.2.1  Manufacturing value added (MVA) as a proportion of Gross Denominator sustainable industrialization added as a proportion Domestic Product (GDP) and per capita is the total value (population) and, by 2030, significantly of GDP and per capita of goods and services net of intermediate consumption. It raise industry’s share of is generally compiled as the sum of the value added of all employment and gross manufacturing activity units in operation in the reference domestic product, in line period. For the purpose on comparability over time and with national circumstances, across countries MVA is estimated in terms of constant and double its share in least prices in USD. The current series are given at constant developed countries prices of 2010. 9.2.2 Manufacturing Employment is defined as a work performed for pay or employment as a profit. The value is obtained by summing up the number of proportion of total employed in all manufacturing activities. The manufacturing employment employment indicator is presented in absolute terms as well as relative to total employment. Increase the access of 9.3  Proportion of small- 9.3.1    small-scale industrial scale industries in total and other enterprises, in industry value added particular in developing  roportion of small- 9.3.2 P   countries, to financial scale industries with a services, including loan or line of credit affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 31 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS By 2030, upgrade 9.4  9.4.1 CO2 emission per unit of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission per unit of value added is a infrastructure and retrofit value added ratio indicator between carbon dioxide emissions and value industries to make them added. The indicator CO2 emission per unit of value added sustainable, with increased is currently being measured by CO2 emission per GDP PPP. resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities Enhance scientific research, 9.5.1 R 9.5   esearch and Research and development (R&D) expenditure as a upgrade the technological development proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the amount capabilities of industrial expenditure as a of R&D expenditure divided by the total output of the sectors in all countries, proportion of GDP economy. in particular developing  esearchers (in full- 9.5.2 R The researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million Denominator countries, including, time equivalent) per inhabitants is a direct measure of the number of research (population) by 2030, encouraging million inhabitants and development workers per 1 million people. innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending Facilitate sustainable and 9.a  9.a.1 Total official Total official international support (official development resilient infrastructure international support assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure is development in developing (official development the gross disbursements of total Official Development countries through enhanced assistance plus other Assistance (ODA) and other official flows (OOF) from all financial, technological and official flows) to donors in support of infrastructure. technical support to African infrastructure countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States Support domestic 9.b  Proportion of medium 9.b.1  Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added technology development, and high-tech industry in total value added shows the level of technological research and innovation value added in total intensity of manufacturing in an economy. It is based in developing countries, value added on classification of industry into high, high-medium, including by ensuring low-medium and low technology sectors. Designation a conducive policy of an industry to high or medium level of technology is environment for, inter alia, determined by Research and Development (R&D) intake industrial diversification in manufacturing value added. A higher the share of R&D and value addition to expenditure means a higher level of technological intensity. commodities (continued on next page) 32 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Significantly increase 9.c   roportion of population 9.c.1 P Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, Denominator access to information and covered by a mobile broken down by technology, refers to the percentage of (population) communications technology network, by technology inhabitants living within range of a mobile-cellular signal, and strive to provide irrespective of whether or not they are mobile phone universal and affordable subscribers or users. This is calculated by dividing the access to the Internet in number of inhabitants within range of a mobile-cellular least developed countries signal by the total population and multiplying by 100. by 2020 Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries   y 2030, progressively 10.1 B Growth rates of 10.1.1  The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of bottom 40% Denominator achieve and sustain household expenditure is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per (population) income growth of the or income per capita capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% bottom 40 per cent of the among the bottom of the income distribution in a country from household population at a rate higher 40 per cent of the surveys over a roughly 5-year period. The national average than the national average population and the growth rate in the welfare aggregate is computed as total population the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the total population in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period.  y 2030, empower 10.2 B Proportion of people 10.2.1    Denominator and promote the social, living below 50 (population) economic and political per cent of median inclusion of all, irrespective income, by age, sex of age, sex, disability, race, and persons with ethnicity, origin, religion or disabilities economic or other status  nsure equal opportunity 10.3 E Proportion of the 10.3.1    and reduce inequalities population reporting of outcome, including by having personally felt eliminating discriminatory discriminated against laws, policies and or harassed within the practices and promoting previous 12 months on appropriate legislation, the basis of a ground policies and action in this of discrimination regard prohibited under international human rights law Adopt policies, especially 10.4  Labour share of GDP, 10.4.1  Labour share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the fiscal, wage and social comprising wages total compensation of employees given as a percent protection policies, and and social protection of GDP, which is a measure of total output. It provides progressively achieve transfers information about the relative share of output which is greater equality paid as compensation to employees as compared with the share paid to capital in the production process for a given reference period (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 33 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS 10.5 Improve the regulation Financial Soundness 10.5.1    and monitoring of global Indicators financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations Ensure enhanced 10.6  Proportion of members 10.6.1  The proportion of members and voting rights of representation and voice and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations has for developing countries in developing countries two components, the developing country proportion decision-making in global in international of voting rights and the developing country proportion international economic organizations of membership in international organisations. In some and financial institutions institutions these two components are identical. in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions  acilitate orderly, safe, 10.7 F Recruitment cost 10.7.1    regular and responsible borne by employee as migration and mobility of a proportion of yearly people, including through income earned in the implementation country of destination of planned and well- Number of countries 10.7.2    managed migration that have implemented policies well-managed migration policies Implement the principle 10.a  Proportion of tariff 10.a.1  Proportion of total number of tariff lines (in per cent) of special and differential lines applied to applied to products imported from least developed treatment for developing imports from least countries and developing countries corresponding to a 0% countries, in particular developed countries tariff rate in HS chapter 01–97. least developed countries, and developing in accordance with countries with zero- World Trade Organization tariff agreements Encourage official 10.b  Total resource flows 10.b.1  Total resource flows for development, by recipient and development assistance for development, by donor countries and type of flow comprises of Official and financial flows, recipient and donor Development Assistance (ODA), other official flows (OOF) including foreign direct countries and type and private flows. investment, to States of flow (e.g. official where the need is development greatest, in particular assistance, foreign least developed countries, direct investment and African countries, small other flows) island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes (continued on next page) 34 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2030, reduce to 10.c B Remittance costs as 10.c.1    less than 3 per cent a proportion of the the transaction costs amount remitted of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable   y 2030, ensure access 11.1 B Proportion of urban 11.1.1  Methodology – This indicator integrates the component Denominator for all to adequate, safe population living of the population living in slums that has been monitored (population) and affordable housing in slums, informal for the last 15 years by UN-Habitat in mostly developing and basic services and settlements or countries with two new components—people living in upgrade slums inadequate housing inadequate housing and informal settlements—that aim at broadening the spectrum of inadequate living conditions to capture realities also present in more developed countries and wealthier urban contexts. By integrating these three components, the indicator is now universal and can be monitored in both developing and developed regions. This indicator will focus on documenting the limitations manifested in realizing the right to adequate housing for all as measured through the proportion of the population that live in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing. The below definitions and concepts are important for reporting on this indicator. The proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing is currently being measured by the proportion of urban population living in slums.  y 2030, provide access 11.2 B Proportion of 11.2.1  This indicator will be monitored by the proportion of the Denominator to safe, affordable, population that has population that has convenient access to public transport. (population) accessible and sustainable convenient access to The access to public transport is considered convenient transport systems for all, public transport, by when an officially recognized stop is accessible within improving road safety, sex, age and persons a distance of 0.5 km from a reference point such as a notably by expanding with disabilities home, school, work place, market, etc. Additional criteria public transport, with for defining public transport that is convenient include: a. special attention to Public transport accessible to all special-needs customers, the needs of those in including those who are physically, visually, and/or hearing- vulnerable situations, impaired, as well as those with temporary disabilities, the women, children, persons elderly, children and other people in vulnerable situations. with disabilities and older b. Public transport with frequent service during peak travel persons times c. Stops present a safe and comfortable station environment. (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 35 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2030, enhance 11.3 B Ratio of land 11.3.1  The indicator is defined as the ratio of land consumption Denominator inclusive and sustainable consumption rate to rate to population growth rate. This indicator requires (population urbanization and capacity population growth rate defining the two components of population growth and growth rate) for participatory, integrated land consumption rate. Computing the population growth and sustainable human rate is more straightforward and more readily available, settlement planning while land consumption rate is slightly challenging, and and management in all requires the use of new techniques. In estimating the land countries consumption rate, one needs to define what constitutes “consumption” of land since this may cover aspects of “consumed” or “preserved” or available for “development” for cases such as land occupied by wetlands. Secondly, there is not one unequivocal measure of whether land that is being developed is truly “newly-developed” (or vacant) land, or if it is at least partially “redeveloped”. As a result, the percentage of current total urban land that was newly developed (consumed) will be used as a measure of the land consumption rate. The fully developed area is also sometimes referred to as built up area. Proportion of 11.3.2    cities with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically  trengthen efforts to 11.4 S 11.4.1 Total expenditure   Denominator protect and safeguard (public and private) per (population) the world’s cultural and capita spent on the natural heritage preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by type of heritage (cultural, natural, mixed and World Heritage Centre designation), level of government (national, regional and local/municipal), type of expenditure (operating expenditure/ investment) and type of private funding (donations in kind, private non- profit sector and sponsorship) (continued on next page) 36 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2030, significantly 11.5 B Number of deaths, 11.5.1  **Death: The number of people who died during the Denominator reduce the number of missing persons and disaster, or directly after, as a direct result of the hazardous (population) deaths and the number persons affected by event Missing: The number of people whose whereabouts of people affected and disaster per 100,000 is unknown since the hazardous event. It includes people substantially decrease the peoplea who are presumed dead although there is no physical direct economic losses evidence. The data on number of deaths and number relative to global gross of missing are mutually exclusive. Affected: People who domestic product caused are affected, either directly or indirectly, by a hazardous by disasters, including event. Directly affected: People who have suffered injury, water-related disasters, illness or other health effects; who were evacuated, with a focus on protecting displaced, relocated or have suffered direct damage to the poor and people in their livelihoods, economic, physical, social, cultural and vulnerable situations environmental assets. Indirectly affected: People who have suffered consequences, other than or in addition to direct effects, over time due to disruption or changes in economy, critical infrastructures, basic services, commerce, work or social, health and psychological consequences. [a] Direct disaster 11.5.2  Direct economic loss: the monetary value of total or partial economic loss in destruction of physical assets existing in the affected relation to global GDP, area. Direct economic loss is nearly equivalent to physical including disaster damage. [a] damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic servicesa By 2030, reduce the 11.6  Proportion of urban 11.6.1  Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and adverse per capita solid waste regularly with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste environmental impact of collected and with generated. The goal of this indicator aims to generate the cities, including by paying adequate final proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and that special attention to air discharge out of total is adequately discharged out of all the total urban waste quality and municipal and urban solid waste generated by the city. other waste management generated, by cities Annual mean levels 11.6.2  The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles Denominator of fine particulate of less than 2.5 microns in diameters (PM2.5) is a common (population) matter (e.g. PM2.5 measure of air pollution. The mean is a population- and PM10) in cities weighted average for urban population in a country. (population weighted) (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 37 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2030, provide universal 11.7.1  11.7 B Average share of the Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open access to safe, inclusive built-up area of cities space for public use for all The ‘Built-up area’ of a city is and accessible, green and that is open space for defined as the contiguous area occupied by buildings and public spaces, in particular public use for all, by other impervious surfaces including the urban vacant areas for women and children, sex, age and persons in and around them but excluding rural areas beyond the older persons and persons with disabilities urban fringe. The ‘population’ of a city is defined as the with disabilities sum of the population in the set of administrative districts that together encompass the ‘built-up area’ of that ‘city’ in the year that measurements are taken.  roportion of persons 11.7.2 P   victim of physical or sexual harassment, by sex, age, disability status and place of occurrence, in the previous 12 months Support positive economic, 11.a.1  11.a  Proportion of   Denominator social and environmental population living in (population) links between urban, cities that implement peri-urban and rural areas urban and regional by strengthening national development plans and regional development integrating population planning projections and resource needs, by size of city  y 2020, substantially 11.b B Proportion of local 11.b.1  N/A increase the number governments that of cities and human adopt and implement settlements adopting and local disaster risk implementing integrated reduction strategies policies and plans towards in line with the inclusion, resource Sendai Framework efficiency, mitigation and for Disaster Risk adaptation to climate Reduction 2015– change, resilience to 2030a disasters, and develop and 11.b.2  Number of countries N/A implement, in line with with national and local the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction Disaster Risk Reduction strategiesa 2015–2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels (continued on next page) 38 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  upport least developed 11.c S Proportion of financial 11.c.1    countries, including support to the least through financial and developed countries technical assistance, in that is allocated to building sustainable and the construction resilient buildings utilizing and retrofitting of local materials sustainable, resilient and resource-efficient buildings utilizing local materials Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns  12.1 Implement the 10- Number of countries 12.1.1    Year Framework with sustainable of Programmes on consumption and Sustainable Consumption production (SCP) and Production Patterns, national action plans all countries taking action, or SCP mainstreamed with developed countries as a priority or a target taking the lead, taking into into national policies account the development and capabilities of developing countries By 2030, achieve the 12.2  Material footprint, 12.2.1    Denominator sustainable management material footprint per (population) and efficient use of natural capita, and material resources footprint per GDP Domestic material 12.2.2    Denominator consumption, (population) domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP  y 2030, halve per capita 12.3 B Global food loss index 12.3.1    global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 39 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2020, achieve the 12.4 B Number of parties 12.4.1    environmentally sound to international management of chemicals multilateral and all wastes throughout environmental their life cycle, in agreements on accordance with agreed hazardous waste, international frameworks, and other chemicals and significantly reduce that meet their their release to air, water commitments and soil in order to and obligations minimize their adverse in transmitting impacts on human health information as and the environment required by each relevant agreement Hazardous waste 12.4.2    Denominator generated per capita (population) and proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment  y 2030, substantially 12.5 B National recycling 12.5.1    reduce waste generation rate, tons of material through prevention, recycled reduction, recycling and reuse  ncourage companies, 12.6 E  umber of 12.6.1 N   especially large and companies publishing transnational companies, sustainability reports to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle Promote public 12.7  Number of countries 12.7.1    procurement practices implementing that are sustainable, in sustainable public accordance with national procurement policies policies and priorities and action plans (continued on next page) 40 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2030, ensure that 12.8 B Extent to which 12.8.1    people everywhere have (i) global citizenship the relevant information education and and awareness for (ii) education sustainable development for sustainable and lifestyles in harmony development with nature (including climate change education) are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment Support developing 12.a  Amount of support 12.a.1    countries to strengthen to developing their scientific and countries on research technological capacity and development to move towards more for sustainable sustainable patterns consumption and of consumption and production and production environmentally sound technologies Develop and implement 12.b  Number of sustainable 12.b.1    tools to monitor tourism strategies sustainable development or policies and impacts for sustainable implemented action tourism that creates jobs plans with agreed and promotes local culture monitoring and and products evaluation tools  ationalize inefficient 12.c R Amount of fossil-fuel 12.c.1    fossil-fuel subsidies subsidies per unit of that encourage wasteful GDP (production and consumption by removing consumption) and as market distortions, in a proportion of total accordance with national national expenditure circumstances, including on fossil fuels by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 41 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts[b]   trengthen resilience 13.1 S Number of countries 13.1.1  N/A [a] and adaptive capacity to with national and local climate-related hazards disaster risk reduction and natural disasters in all strategiesa countries Number of deaths, 13.1.2  ••Death: The number of people who died during the missing persons and disaster, or directly after, as a direct result of the hazardous persons affected by event Missing: The number of people whose whereabouts disaster per 100,000 is unknown since the hazardous event. It includes people peoplea who are presumed dead although there is no physical evidence. The data on number of deaths and number of missing are mutually exclusive. Affected: People who are affected, either directly or indirectly, by a hazardous event. Directly affected: People who have suffered injury, illness or other health effects; who were evacuated, displaced, relocated or have suffered direct damage to their livelihoods, economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets. Indirectly affected: People who have suffered consequences, other than or in addition to direct effects, over time due to disruption or changes in economy, critical infrastructures, basic services, commerce, work or social, health and psychological consequences.[a] Integrate climate change 13.2  Number of 13.2.1    measures into national countries that have policies, strategies and communicated the planning establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/ strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other) (continued on next page) 42 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS 13.3 Improve education, Number of countries 13.3.1    awareness-raising and that have integrated human and institutional mitigation, adaptation, capacity on climate impact reduction and change mitigation, early warning into adaptation, impact primary, secondary reduction and early and tertiary curricula warning Number of 13.3.2    countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actions 13.a Implement the Mobilized amount 13.a.1    commitment undertaken of United States by developed-country dollars per year parties to the United starting in 2020 Nations Framework accountable towards Convention on Climate the $100 billion Change to a goal of commitment mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 43 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  romote mechanisms 13.b P Number of least 13.b.1    for raising capacity for developed countries effective climate change- and small island related planning and developing States management in least that are receiving developed countries and specialized support, small island developing and amount of States, including focusing support, including on women, youth and finance, technology local and marginalized and capacity-building, communities for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change- related planning and management, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development   y 2025, prevent and 14.1 B Index of coastal 14.1.1    significantly reduce marine eutrophication and pollution of all kinds, in floating plastic debris particular from land- density based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution By 2020, sustainably 14.2  Proportion of national 14.2.1    manage and protect exclusive economic marine and coastal zones managed using ecosystems to avoid ecosystem-based significant adverse approaches impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans  inimize and address 14.3 M 14.3.1 Average marine   the impacts of ocean acidity (pH) measured acidification, including at agreed suite through enhanced of representative scientific cooperation at sampling stations all levels (continued on next page) 44 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2020, effectively 14.4 B Proportion of fish 14.4.1  The indicator Proportion of fish stocks within biologically regulate harvesting stocks within sustainable levels measures the sustainability of the world’s and end overfishing, biologically sustainable marine capture fisheries by their abundance. A fish stock illegal, unreported levels of which abundance is at or greater than the level, that can and unregulated produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is classified fishing and destructive as biologically sustainable. In contrast, when abundance fishing practices and falls below the MSY level, the stock is considered implement science-based biologically unsustainable. management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics By 2020, conserve at 14.5  Coverage of protected 14.5.1  The indicator Coverage of protected areas in relation to least 10 per cent of areas in relation to marine areas shows temporal trends in the percentage coastal and marine marine areas of important sites for marine biodiversity (i.e., those areas, consistent with that contribute significantly to the global persistence national and international of biodiversity) that are wholly covered by designated law and based on the protected areas. best available scientific information By 2020, prohibit certain 14.6  Progress by countries 14.6.1    forms of fisheries in the degree of subsidies which contribute implementation to overcapacity and of international overfishing, eliminate instruments aiming subsidies that contribute to combat illegal, to illegal, unreported and unreported and unregulated fishing and unregulated fishing refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation[c] (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 45 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2030, increase the 14.7 B Sustainable fisheries 14.7.1    economic benefits to as a percentage of small island developing GDP in small island States and least developed developing States, countries from the least developed sustainable use of marine countries and all resources, including countries through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism Increase scientific 14.a  Proportion of total 14.a.1    knowledge, develop research budget research capacity and allocated to research transfer marine technology, in the field of marine taking into account technology the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries  rovide access for small- 14.b P Progress by countries   14.b.1  scale artisanal fishers to in the degree of marine resources and application of a legal/ markets regulatory/policy/ institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries (continued on next page) 46 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  nhance the conservation 14.c.1  14.c E Number of countries   and sustainable use making progress in of oceans and their ratifying, accepting resources by implementing and implementing international law as through legal, policy reflected in the United and institutional Nations Convention on frameworks, ocean- the Law of the Sea, related instruments which provides the that implement legal framework for international law, as the conservation and reflected in the United sustainable use of oceans Nation Convention on and their resources, as the Law of the Sea, recalled in paragraph 158 for the conservation of “The future we want” and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss   y 2020, ensure the 15.1 B Forest area as a 15.1.1  Forest area as a proportion of total land area conservation, restoration proportion of total land and sustainable use of area terrestrial and inland Proportion of important 15.1.2  This indicator Proportion of important sites for terrestrial freshwater ecosystems sites for terrestrial and and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected and their services, freshwater biodiversity areas shows temporal trends in the percentage of in particular forests, that are covered by important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity wetlands, mountains protected areas, by (i.e., those that contribute significantly to the global and drylands, in line ecosystem type persistence of biodiversity) that are wholly covered by with obligations under designated protected areas. international agreements  y 2020, promote 15.2 B Progress towards 15.2.1    the implementation of sustainable forest sustainable management management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally  y 2030, combat 15.3 B  roportion of land that 15.3.1 P   desertification, restore is degraded over total degraded land and soil, land area including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 47 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2030, ensure the 15.4 B Coverage by protected 15.4.1  This indicator Coverage by protected areas of important conservation of mountain areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity shows temporal trends in the ecosystems, including sites for mountain percentage of important sites for mountain biodiversity (i.e., their biodiversity, in order biodiversity those that contribute significantly to the global persistence to enhance their capacity of biodiversity) that are wholly covered by designated to provide benefits that are protected areas. essential for sustainable Mountain Green Cover 15.4.2  The Green Cover Index is meant to measure the changes development Index of the green vegetation in mountain areas - i.e. forest, shrubs, trees, pasture land, crop land, etc. – in order to monitor progress on the mountain target. The index, will provide information on the changes in the vegetation cover and, as such, will provide an indication of the status of the conservation of mountain environments. Take urgent and significant 15.5.1 R 15.5   ed List Index The Red List Index measures change in aggregate action to reduce the extinction risk across groups of species. It is based degradation of natural on genuine changes in the number of species in each habitats, halt the loss of category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of biodiversity and, by 2020, Threatened Species (IUCN 2015) is expressed as changes protect and prevent the in an index ranging from 0 to 1. extinction of threatened species  romote fair and equitable 15.6 P Number of 15.6.1    sharing of the benefits countries that have arising from the utilization adopted legislative, of genetic resources and administrative and promote appropriate policy frameworks access to such resources, to ensure fair and as internationally agreed equitable sharing of benefits Take urgent action to end 15.7  Proportion of traded 15.7.1  The share of all trade in wildlife detected as being illegal poaching and trafficking of wildlife that was protected species of flora poached or illicitly and fauna and address trafficked both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products By 2020, introduce 15.8  Proportion of countries   15.8.1  measures to prevent adopting relevant the introduction and national legislation and significantly reduce the adequately resourcing impact of invasive alien the prevention or species on land and water control of invasive ecosystems and control alien species or eradicate the priority species (continued on next page) 48 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2020, integrate 15.9 B Progress towards 15.9.1    ecosystem and biodiversity national targets values into national established in and local planning, accordance with Aichi development processes, Biodiversity Target poverty reduction 2 of the Strategic strategies and accounts Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 Mobilize and significantly 15.a  Official development 15.a.1  The indicator Official development assistance and increase financial assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable resources from all public expenditure use of biodiversity and ecosystems is defined as Gross sources to conserve and on conservation disbursements of total ODA from all donors for biodiversity sustainably use biodiversity and sustainable use and ecosystems of biodiversity and ecosystems  obilize significant 15.b M Official development 15.b.1    resources from all assistance and sources and at all levels public expenditure to finance sustainable on conservation forest management and sustainable use and provide adequate of biodiversity and incentives to developing ecosystems countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation  nhance global support for 15.c.1 P 15.c E  roportion of traded   efforts to combat poaching wildlife that was and trafficking of protected poached or illicitly species, including by trafficked increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 49 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels   ignificantly reduce all 16.1 S Number of victims of 16.1.1  The indicator is defined as the total count of victims Numerator forms of violence and intentional homicide of intentional homicide divided by the total population, (deaths by cause) related death rates per 100,000 expressed per 100,000 population. Intentional homicide & Denominator everywhere population, by sex and is defined as the unlawful death inflicted upon a person (population) age with the intent to cause death or serious injury (Source: International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes, ICCS 2015); population refers to total resident population in a given country in a given year. 16.1.2 Conflict-related   Denominator deaths per 100,000 (population) population, by sex, age and cause Proportion of 16.1.3  The total number of persons who have been victim of population subjected physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous to physical, 12 months, as a share of the total population. psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months  roportion of 16.1.4 P This indicator refers to the proportion of the population population that feel (adults) who feel safe walking alone in their neighbourhood. safe walking alone around the area they live (continued on next page) 50 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  nd abuse, exploitation, 16.2 E Proportion of children 16.2.1  Proportion of children aged 1–17 years who experienced trafficking and all forms aged 1–17 years any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression of violence against and who experienced any by caregivers in the past month is currently being torture of children physical punishment measured by the Proportion of children aged 1–14 and/or psychological years who experienced any physical punishment and/or aggression by psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month. caregivers in the past month Number of victims of 16.2.2  The indicator is defined as the ratio between the total human trafficking per number of victims of trafficking in persons detected or 100,000 population, living in a country and the population resident in the by sex, age and form country, expressed per 100,000 populations. According of exploitation to Article 3, paragraph (a) of the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol, trafficking in persons is defined as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs”. Article 3, (b) states “the consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to the intended exploitation set forth in subparagraph (a) of this article shall be irrelevant where any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) have been used”; Article 3, (c) states “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered trafficking in persons even if this does not involve any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a);”  roportion of young 16.2.3 P Proportion of young women and men aged 18–29 years women and men who experienced sexual violence by age 18 aged 1829 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 51 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  romote the rule of 16.3 P Proportion of victims 16.3.1  Number of victims of violent crime in the previous 12 law at the national and of violence in the months who reported their victimization to competent international levels and previous 12 months authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution ensure equal access to who reported their mechanisms, as a percentage of all victims of violent crime justice for all victimization to in the previous 12 months competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms 16.3.2 Unsentenced The total number of persons held in detention who have not detainees as a yet been sentenced, as a percentage of the total number of proportion of overall persons held in detention, on a specified date. prison population By 2030, significantly 16.4  Total value of inward 16.4.1    reduce illicit financial and and outward illicit arms flows, strengthen financial flows (in the recovery and return of current United States stolen assets and combat dollars) all forms of organized Proportion of seized 16.4.2    crime small arms and light weapons that are recorded and traced, in accordance with international standards and legal instruments Substantially reduce 16.5   roportion of persons 16.5.1 P This indicator is defined as the percentage of persons who corruption and bribery in who had at least one paid at least one bribe (gave a public official money, a gift all their forms contact with a public or counter favour) to a public official, or were asked for a official and who paid a bribe by these public officials, in the last 12 months, as a bribe to a public official, percentage of persons who had at least one contact with a or were asked for a public official in the same period. bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months Proportion of 16.5.2  Proportion of firms asked for a gift or informal payment when businesses that had at meeting with tax officials. In every Enterprise Survey (www. least one contact with enterprisesurveys.org), there is a standard question which a public official and asks the survey respondent if they were inspected by or that paid a bribe to a required to meet with tax officials. If the respondent indicates public official, or were ‘yes’, then there is a follow-up question which asks if the asked for a bribe by respondent was expected to provide a gift or an informal those public officials payment during these inspections/meetings. The response during the previous 12 options include “yes”, “no”, “don’t know”, and “refuse”. months Enterprise Surveys are firm-level surveys conducted in World Bank client countries. The survey focuses on various aspects of the business environment as well as firm’s outcome measures such as annual sales, productivity, etc. The surveys are conducted via face-to-face interviews with the top manager or business owner. For each country, the survey is conducted approximately every 4–5 years. (continued on next page) 52 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  evelop effective, 16.6 D Primary government 16.6.1  Primary government expenditures as a proportion of accountable and expenditures as a original approved budget This indicator measures the transparent institutions at proportion of original extent to which aggregate budget expenditure outturn all levels approved budget, by reflects the amount originally approved, as defined in sector (or by budget government budget documentation and fiscal reports. The codes or similar) coverage is budgetary central government (BCG) and the time period covered is the last three completed fiscal years. Proportion of the 16.6.2    population satisfied with their last experience of public services  nsure responsive, 16.7 E Proportions of 16.7.1    inclusive, participatory and positions (by sex, representative decision- age, persons with making at all levels disabilities and population groups) in public institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributions Proportion of 16.7.2    population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group Broaden and strengthen 16.8  Proportion of members 16.8.1  The indicator Proportion of members and voting rights the participation of and voting rights of of developing countries in international organizations developing countries in developing countries has two components, the developing country proportion the institutions of global in international of voting rights and the developing country proportion governance organizations of membership in international organisations. In some institutions these two components are identical. The indicator is calculated independently for eleven different international institutions: The United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Finance Corporation, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Trade Organisation, and the Financial Stability Board.  y 2030, provide legal 16.9 B Proportion of children 16.9.1  Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births Numerator (births identity for all, including under 5 years of age have been registered with a civil authority. registered) & birth registration whose births have denominator been registered with a (children <5) civil authority, by age (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 53 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  nsure public access to 16.10 E  umber of verified 16.10.1 N   information and protect cases of killing, fundamental freedoms, kidnapping, enforced in accordance with disappearance, national legislation and arbitrary detention international agreements and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months  umber of 16.10.2 N   countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information Strengthen relevant 16.a  Existence of 16.a.1  This indicator Existence of independent national human national institutions, independent rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles including through national human measures the compliance of existing national human international cooperation, rights institutions in rights institutions with the Principles relating to the Status for building capacity at compliance with the of National Institutions (The Paris Principles), which were all levels, in particular Paris Principles adopted by the General Assembly (resolution 48/134) in developing countries, based on the rules of procedure of the Global Alliance to prevent violence and of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI, formerly combat terrorism and the International Coordinating Committee of National crime Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights or ICC).  romote and enforce non- 16.b P Proportion of 16.b.1    discriminatory laws and population reporting policies for sustainable having personally felt development discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law (continued on next page) 54 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development  Finance   trengthen domestic 17.1 S 17.1.1 Total government   resource mobilization, revenue as a including through proportion of GDP, by international support to source developing countries, to 17.1.2 P roportion of domestic   improve domestic capacity budget funded by for tax and other revenue domestic taxes collection  eveloped countries to 17.2 D Net official 17.2.1  The indicator Net official development assistance, total implement fully their development and to least developed countries, as a proportion of the official development assistance, total and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development assistance commitments, to least developed (OECD) Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross including the commitment countries, as a national income (GNI) is defined as Net ODA disbursements by many developed proportion of the as a per cent of GNI. countries to achieve the Organization for target of 0.7 per cent of Economic Cooperation gross national income and Development for official development (OECD) Development assistance (ODA/GNI) Assistance Committee to developing countries donors’ gross national and 0.15 to 0.20 per income (GNI) cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries Mobilize additional 17.3  Foreign direct 17.3.1  ODA PART: ODA disbursements financial resources for investments (FDI), developing countries from official development multiple sources assistance and South- South Cooperation as a proportion of total domestic budget Volume of remittances Personal remittances received as proportion of GDP is the 17.3.2  (in United States inflow of personal remittances expressed as a percentage dollars) as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). of total GDP (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 55 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Assist developing countries 17.4.1 D 17.4   ebt service as a Debt service as proportion of exports of goods and services in attaining long-term proportion of exports is the percentage of debt services (principle and interest debt sustainability through of goods and services payments) to the exports of goods and services. Debt coordinated policies services covered in this indicator refer only to public and aimed at fostering debt publicly guaranteed debt. financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress Adopt and implement 17.5   umber of countries 17.5.1 N   investment promotion that adopt and regimes for least implement investment developed countries promotion regimes for least developed countries Technology Enhance North-South, 17.6   umber of science 17.6.1 N   South-South and triangular and/or technology regional and international cooperation cooperation on and access agreements and to science, technology and programmes between innovation and enhance countries, by type of knowledge-sharing cooperation on mutually agreed  ixed Internet 17.6.2 F The indicator fixed Internet broadband subscriptions, Denominator terms, including through broadband by speed, refers to the number of fixed-broadband (population) improved coordination subscriptions per subscriptions to the public Internet, split by advertised among existing 100 inhabitants, by download speed. The indicator is currently broken down mechanisms, in particular speed by the following subscription speeds: – 256 kbit/s to less at the United Nations than 2 Mbit/s subscriptions: Refers to all fixed broadband level, and through a global Internet subscriptions with advertised downstream speeds technology facilitation equal to, or greater than, 256 kbit/s and less than 2 Mbit/s. mechanism – 2 Mbit/s to less than 10 Mbit/s subscriptions: Refers to all fixed -broadband Internet subscriptions with advertised downstream speeds equal to, or greater than, 2 Mbit/s and less than 10 Mbit/s. – Equal to or above 10 Mbit/s subscriptions (4213_G10). Refers to all fixed -broadband Internet subscriptions with advertised downstream speeds equal to, or greater than, 10 Mbit/s.  romote the development, 17.7 P Total amount of 17.7.1    transfer, dissemination approved funding and diffusion of for developing environmentally sound countries to promote technologies to developing the development, countries on favourable transfer, dissemination terms, including on and diffusion of concessional and environmentally sound preferential terms, as technologies mutually agreed (continued on next page) 56 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  ully operationalize the 17.8 F Proportion of 17.8.1  The indicator proportion of individuals using the Internet technology bank and individuals using the is defined as the proportion of individuals who used the science, technology and Internet Internet from any location in the last three months innovation capacity- building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology Capacity-building Enhance international 17.9  Dollar value of 17.9.1  The indicator Dollar value of financial and technical support for implementing financial and technical assistance (including through North-South, South-South effective and targeted assistance (including and triangular cooperation) committed to developing capacity-building in through North-South, countries is defined as Gross disbursements of total ODA developing countries to South-South and and other official flows from all donors for capacity building support national plans triangular cooperation) and national planning. to implement all the committed to Sustainable Development developing countries Goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation Trade  romote a universal, 17.10 P 17.10.1 Worldwide weighted Value in percentage of weighted average tariffs applied to rules-based, open, tariff-average the imports of goods in HS chapter 01–97. nondiscriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda  ignificantly increase the 17.11.1 D 17.11 S  eveloping countries’ Exports by developing countries and LDCs as a share of exports of developing and least developed global exports of goods and services countries, in particular countries’ share of with a view to doubling global exports the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020 (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 57 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  ealize timely 17.12 R 17.12.1 Average tariffs Average import tariffs (in per cent) faced by products implementation of faced by developing exported from developing countries and least developed duty-free and quota-free countries, least countries. market access on a developed countries lasting basis for all least and small island developed countries, developing States consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access Systemic issues Policy and institutional coherence  nhance global 17.13 E 17.13.1 Macroeconomic   macroeconomic stability, Dashboard including through policy coordination and policy coherence  nhance policy 17.14 E  umber of countries 17.14.1 N   coherence for sustainable with mechanisms development in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development  espect each country’s 17.15 R  xtent of use of 17.15.1 E This indicator seeks to measure the extent to which, and policy space and country-owned the ways in which, transparent, developing country-led leadership to establish results frameworks results frameworks (CRFs) are used by all concerned and implement policies and planning development partners to plan development cooperation for poverty eradication tools by providers efforts and assess their performance. The indicator and sustainable of development assesses the degree to which providers of development development cooperation cooperation (i.e. development partners) design their interventions by relying on objectives and results indicators that are drawn from developing country government-led results frameworks reflecting the country’s development priorities and goals. (continued on next page) 58 Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS Multi-stakeholder partnerships  Enhance the Global 17.16   umber of countries 17.16.1 N The indicator tracks the number of countries reporting Partnership for reporting progress progress in multi stakeholder monitoring frameworks that Sustainable Development, in multi-stakeholder track effective development cooperation, to support the complemented by multi- development achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). stakeholder partnerships effectiveness that mobilize and share monitoring knowledge, expertise, frameworks technology and financial that support the resources, to support achievement of the achievement of the the sustainable Sustainable Development development goals Goals in all countries, in particular developing countries Encourage and promote 17.17  Amount of United 17.17.1    effective public, public- States dollars private and civil society committed to public- partnerships, building private and civil on the experience and society partnerships resourcing strategies of partnerships Data, monitoring and accountability   y 2020, enhance 17.18 B Proportion of 17.18.1    capacity-building support sustainable to developing countries, development including for least indicators produced at developed countries the national level with and small island full disaggregation developing States, to when relevant to the increase significantly the target, in accordance availability of high-quality, with the Fundamental timely and reliable Principles of Official data disaggregated by Statistics income, gender, age, Number of countries   17.18.2  race, ethnicity, migratory that have national status, disability, statistical legislation geographic location and that complies with other characteristics the Fundamental relevant in national Principles of Official contexts Statistics    umber of 17.18.3 N The indicator Number of countries with a national statistical countries with a plan that is fully funded and under implementation is based national statistical on the annual Status Report on National Strategies for the plan that is fully Development of Statistics (NSDS). In collaboration with its funded and under partners, PARIS21 reports on country progress in designing implementation, by and implementing national statistical plans. The indicator source of funding is a count of countries that are either (i) implementing a strategy, (ii) designing one or (iii) awaiting adoption of the strategy in the current year. (continued on next page) CRVS’ Relevance to Monitoring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 59 Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators* and the Annex A    Role of CRVS (continued) Targets Data items (from the 2030 agenda) Indicators Definition from CRVS  y 2030, build on 17.19 B  ollar value of 17.19.1 D The indicator Dollar value of all resources made available existing initiatives to all resources to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries develop measurements made available is based on the Partner Report on Support to Statistics of progress on to strengthen (PRESS) that is designed and administered by PARIS21 sustainable development statistical capacity in to provide a snapshot of the US dollar value of ongoing that complement gross developing countries statistical support in developing countries. domestic product,  roportion of 17.19.2 P This information only refers to 17.19.2 (a) The indicator Numerator (births and support statistical countries that tracks the proportion of countries that have conducted at and deaths capacity-building in (a) have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 registered) developing countries least one population years. This also includes countries which compile their and housing census detailed population and housing statistics from population in the last 10 registers, administrative records, sample surveys or other years; and (b) have sources or a combination of those sources. achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration * As contained in Annex IV of the Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (E/CN.3/2016/2/Rev.1) and agreed upon, as a practical starting point at the 47th session of the United Nations Statistical Commission held in March 2016.  a An open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction established by the General Assembly (resolution 69/284) is developing a set of indicators to measure global progress in the implementation of the Sendai Framework. 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