Public Disclosure Authorized E2755 v4 MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ABOUT 20,000 HA IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SCHEMES AT MEGECH PUMP (SERABA), RIBB AND ANGER DAM Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE RIBB IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PROJECT Volume 2/2: Annexes (Final version) . · '. .'· ·;1*_ .... 18 January 2010 Ingenierie Ministry of Water and Energy Page I ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ABOUT 20,000 HA IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SCHEMES AT MEGECH PUMP (AT SERABA), RIBB AND ANGER DAM ESIA of Ribb Irrigation ft Drainage Project Volume 2: Annexes TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................iv Symbols and Units ..................................................................................................................... x Elements .................................................................................................................................. x Monetary Units .................................................................................................,....................... , x Glossary ................ , .... , ............... , ... , .........................................................................................xi 1. ANNEX 1 . MAPS ................................................................................1-1 1.1 Map 1: Project Area: Administrative Boundaries 1-3 1.2 Map 2: RIDP - Command Area Layout - Option IIIA 1-4 1.3 Map 3: RIDP - Command Area - Orthophoto 1-5 1.4 Maps 4.1 to 4.5: Flood Hazard 1-7 1.5 Map 5: Multi-Spectral Satellite Image of Lake Tana showing Wetlands 1-12 1.6 Maps 6.1 to 6.4: RIDP - Fish Habitat 1-15 2. ANNEX 2 - PERSONS AND ORGANISATIONS CONTACTED BY ESIA STUDY TEAM .... 2-1 3. ANNEX 3 - ESIA STUDY TEAM (RIDP) ........................................................ 3-1 4. ANNEX 4 - TECHNICAL MATERIAL ...........................................................4-1 4.1 Water Quality Data 4-1 4.2 List of Documents relating to EXisting and Planned Water Projects around Lake Tana 4-2 4.3 ARARI Research Projects Planned for 2010 - 2011 for ENIDP 4-7 EIJVIrOIJlIW'lia! an;i Social Impact Assessment of alJOut 20, 000 I)a Irngailon ene! DI(!,nagG Sci/Gines at Megeeh P!Jmp (at 5e13I.'a), RI()/) ami AngGI Dan · RIOI--' ES!A Vol ? Ant/Fw,s Pageil Ministry of Water and Energy 5. ANNEX 5 - ECOLOGICAL DATA .............................................................. 5-1 5.1 Plant Species in Main Habitats in Study Area 5-1 5.2 Lists of Birds in the Study Area 5-4 5.3 Extracts from 2007 Important Bird Area (IBA) Bird Count 5-13 5.4 List of Mammals in the Study Area 5-19 6. ANNEX 6 - FISHERIES DATA .................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Ribb River Tributaries and Wet Season Sampling Sites 6-1 6.2 Ribb River Tributaries: Characterisation 6-1 6.3 Fish Sampling Sites, Ribb River (Dry Season: Feb. 2009) 6-2 6.4 Fish Diversity and Abundance, Ribb River (Dry Season: Feb. 2009) 6-2 6.5 Fish Species found in Ribb River (Wet Season, 2007) 6-3 6.6 Fish Species found in Ribb River (Dry Season, Feb. 2009) 6-4 6.7 Ribb River: Abundance of Species from All Sampling Sites 6-4 6.8 Lake Tana: Composition of Labeobarbus Species in Lake Catch 6-5 6.9 Raw Data on Maturity of Fish Species Caught During Field Survey (January-February 2009) 6-5 6.10 Spatial Distribution of Gonadal Maturity of Lake Tana Labeobarbus Species Spawning in Ribb River 6-6 7. ANNEX 7 - RAPID HEALTH APPRAISAL ..................................................... 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-6 7.2 Existing Health Situation 7-11 7.3 Preliminary Impact Assessment 7-26 7.4 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring 7-33 7.5 Conclusions 7-50 7.6 References 7-52 7.7 Appendix 1 - People and Organisations Contacted 7-56 7.8 Appendix 2 - Itinerary 7-57 7.9 Appendix 3 - Data 7-57 7.10 Appendix 4 - Maps 7-60 8. ANNEX 8 - PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................................... 8-1 8.1 Introduction 8-4 8.2 Current Situation 8-6 8.3 Future Situation with and without Mitigation 8-13 8.4 References 8-21 8.5 Appendix 1: Persons and Organisations Contacted 8-22 8.6 Appendix 2: Itinerary 8-24 8.7 Appendix 3: Lists of Banned and Registered Pesticides 8-25 9. ANNEX 9 - RECONNAISSANCE PHYSICAL CULTURAL HERITAGE SURVEy ............ 9-1 9.1 Introduction 9·5 9.2 Survey Observations 9-11 9.3 Initial Assessment & Recommendations 9-24 9.4 Concluding Remarks 9-26 Environmental and Socia! ImpEJct Assessment of about 20.000 he ifTlgat(o!l EJnd Draillage Schemes at B~ Pump iat Sera/)a) Rihb and Angel Dal)( RiDP . Vol Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page iii 9.5 References 9-27 9.6 Appendix 1 GPS Records 9-28 9.7 Appendix 2 People and Organisations Con,tacted 9-29 9.8 Appendix 3 - .Itinerary 9-32 9.9 Appendix 4 Maps 9-32 10. ANNEX 10 - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TENDER DOCUMENTS ........................ 10-1 10.1 Construction Supervision and O&M Contract 10-2 10.2 Construction Contract 10-5 10.3 Workplace Housekeeping - Checklist for Construction Sites 10-12 11. ANNEX 11 - TERMS OF REFERENCE (FOR THIS STUDY) ............................... 11-1 11.1 Introduction 11-3 11.2 ENIDP Implementation Arrangements 11-4 11.3 Project Description 11-5 11.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies 11-8 11.5 Scope of Work 11-8 11. 6 Data/Information for Conducting the ESIA 11-13 11.7 Consultant Qualifications And Expertise Requirements 11-14 11.8 Schedule and Deliverables 11-15 11.9 Technical Proposal Contents 11-16 11.10 Annex 1: Relevant Sections from the Feasibility Study TOR 11-17 11.11 Annex 2: Relevant Sections from the ESMF 11-18 11.12 Annex 3: Outline of an Integrated Pest Management Plan 11-29 11.13 Annex 4: EMP Templates 11-30 12. ANNEX 12 - OUTLINE OF FURTHER TASKS .............................................. 12-1 12.1 Outline TOR for Review of Fish Passage Issues 12-3 12.2 Proposal for Rapid Archaeological Impact Assessment by ARCCH 12-7 12.3 Outline TOR for Development of Phase 2 PMP 12-11 12.4 Fisheries Management 12-13 12.5 Wetland Restoration Project 12-16 12.6 Forestry and Fuelwood 12-19 12.7 Domestic Water Supplies 12-21 12.8 Outline TOR to Facilitate Development of Health Programme 12-22 12.9 Outline TOR to Facilitate Agreement on Social Investment Programme 12-25 12.10 Outline TOR for Development of Beekeeping Programme 12-27 12.11 Outline TOR for Determination and Agreement of Environmental Flows 12-29 Environmontal and Socia/Impact Asse5sIPcni of about 20.000 /,a and Dff-),'nagf~ Sc!)(}nU3S at PU!TlP (at R'hh 3nd AnU(}! OF.rn RIOP 2. A/;/lc X0~ Page iv Ministry of Water and Energy ABBREVIATIONS 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid AAU Addis Ababa University ABA Abbay Basin Authority ACSI Amhara Credit and Savings Institute ACT Artemisinin Combined Therapy ADLI Agricultural Development led Industrialisation Strategy AEWA Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds AEZ Agroecological Zone AIDS Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome AISCO Agricultural Input Supply Corporation ANRS Amhara National Regional State ARARI Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage ARRA Amhara Rural Roads Authority ART! Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ASDF Advisory Service Development Fund ATVET Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training AWD Acute Watery Diarrhoea AWWCE Amhara Water Works Construction Enterprise AWUA Agricultural Water Users' Association BBF Broadbed and Furrow BBM Broadbed Maker BBOP Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme BDAMFS Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanisation and Food Sciences BDU Bahir Dar University BeSBO Beles Sub Basin Organization BFAlRC Bahir Dar Fishery and Aquatic Life Research Centre BIU Basic Irrigation Unit BoARD Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (ANRS) BoCP Bureau of Cooperative Promotion (ANRS) BoCTPD Bureau of Culture, Tourism and Parks Development (ANRS) BoE Bureau of Education (ANRS) BoEPlAU Bureau of Environmental Protection, land Administration and Use (formerly EPLAUA) BoFED Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (ANRS) BolSA Bureau of labour and Social Affairs (ANRS) BoQ Bill of Quantities BOT Build-Operate-Transfer BoWCYA Bureau of Women, Children and Youth Affairs (ANRS) BoWRD Bureau of Water Resources Development (ANRS) BP Before Present (1950) BPR Business Process Re-engineering BRLi BRl Ingenierie CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CACC Central Agricultural Census Commission CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBO Community-based Organisation CEC Cation Exchange Capacity Envlionmenta! ancl Socia/Impact Assessment of a/lOU! 20.00.0. ha frngation am! OlainaQf' ScIJen!es al . RIDP Pump (at Serab8). Ribb 811(i Angel Dam Annexes B~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page v CECE Concert Engineering & Consulting Enterprise CEEPA Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa CETU Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions CFA Cooperative Framework Agreement CGB Community Genebank CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CITES Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMS UN Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals CSA Central Statistical Agency CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CPWF Challenge Programme on Water and Food DA Development Agent DAP di-ammonium phosphate DCG Drylands Coordinating Committee DDP Dams and Development Project DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane dia Diameter DRM Desktop Reserve Model DSS Decision Support System DST Decision Support Tool EA Environmental Assessment EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation EBA Ethiopian Beekeepers' Association EC Electrical Conductivity ECX Ethiopian Commodity Exchange EEPCo Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMA Ethiopian Mapping Authority EMAS Eco-Management and Audit Scheme EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System ENCOM Eastern Nile Council of Ministers ENIDP Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project ENSAP Eastern Nile Strategic Action Programme ENTRO Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office EPA EnVironmental Protection Authority EPLAUA Environmental Protection, Land Administration & Use Authority (now BoEPLAU) EPSP Environmental Protection and Sustainability Process ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority ESE Ethiopian Seed Enterprise ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF EnVironmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESP Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ET Evapotranspiration EWCA Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority Environmental anrl50c/Af impact Assess/pent of Aoout 20.000 fJa BRIJ IrugGtiof! and Drail;.:lge SChAr?:US at . {"iIOP P;nnp (8t Serohri). RIb!) allc/ An9D! Oarn 2 A';I)(..xGs· Page vi Ministry of Water and Energy EWNHS Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society EWNRA Ethio Wetlands and Natural Resources Association FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FASF Farmers' Advisory Service Fund FEOW Freshwater Ecoregions of the World FFI Fauna & Flora International FFS Farmer Field School FIDIC International Federation of Consulting Engineers FPME Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise FREG Farmer Research-Extension Group FS Feasibility Study FSL Full Supply Level FTC Farmer Training Centre FWUA Federation of Water Users' Associations GARI Gonder Agricultural Research Institute GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GoE Government of Ethiopia GPS Global Positioning System GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic GTP Growth and Transformation Plan GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Technical Cooperation) HEW Health Extension Worker HIA Health Impact Assessment HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HPP Hydropower Plant HSE Health, Safety and Environment IA Implementing Agency lAP Interested and Affected Party IAR Institute of Agricultural Research IBA Important Bird Area IBC Institute of Biodiversity Conservation IBSRAM International Board for Soil Research and Management I&D Irrigation and Drainage ICID International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage ICOMOS International CounCil on Monuments and Sites ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics IDA International Development ASSOCiation IFC International Finance Corporation IHA International Hydropower ASSOCiation ILCA International Livestock Centre for Africa (now ILRI) ILO International Labour Organisation ILRI International Livestock Research Institute (formerly ILCA) IPA Important Plant Area [PM Integrated Pest Management IPTRID International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage ISO International Standards Organisation IVM Integrated Vector Management IWMI International Water Management Institute Eflvimnmental and Soc:allmpact Assessment of about 20.000 lia II"gdtl(;n and Dralilage Schemes at PII1l1P (al Sf"raba). Ribb al'd Anger Dam . RIDP Vol 2. AIlIlOX8.\ . Ministry of Water and Energy Page vii IWUA Irrigation Water Users' Association IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature (formerly The World Conservation Union) IUCN-EARO IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office KAP Knowledge, Attitude and Practice LGP Length of Growing Period LLIN Long-lasting Insecticidal Net LTFRD Lake Tana Fisheries Resource Development Programme LTTE Lake Tana Transport Enterprise mas! Meters Above Sea Level M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MCE Metaferia Consulting Engineers MDG Millennium Development Goals MME Ministry of Mines and Energy MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MoCT Ministry of Culture and Tourism MoE Ministry of Education MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MoH Ministry of Health Mol Ministry of Information MoLSA Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs MoU Memorandum of Understanding MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MPIDP Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project MSC Management Services Contract MWH Montgomery Watson Harza NABU Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union NBI Nile Basin Initiative NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NEIP National Extension Intervention Programme NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NPC National Project Coordinator NPEW National Policy on Ethiopian Women NPSC National Project Steering Committee NRS National Regional State NRSCO National Road Safety Coordination Office O&M Operation and Maintenance OCHA UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ONRS Oromia National Regional State OP Operational Policy ORDA Organisation for Relief and Development in Amhara OSHWED Occupational Safety, Health and Work Environment Dept. PAD Project Appraisal Document PADETS Participatory Demonstration, Training and Extension System PAN Pesticides Action Network PAP Project-affected Person PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty PCA Project Command Area PES Payment for Ecosystem Services PHABSIM Physical Habitat Simulation System PIF Policy Investment Framework Environmfifltal ami Social Impact Assessment of a/]oul 20 000 ha Ilnc,F1t;on ane! DrAinAge Schemes dI Pump (al Selal)al. RiL,IJ aile! Angel Dam RiDP Vol 2 AJl,'lexns Page VIII Ministry of Water and Energy PMF Probable Maximum Flood PMP Pest Management Plan PMU Project Management Unit PPD Personal Protective Device / Planning and Programming Department PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPP Public-Private Partnership PRA Participatory Rapid Appraisal PSNP Productive Safety Net Programme PSP Private Sector Participation QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control RAP Resettlement Action Plan RBO River Basin Organisation RCBP Rural Capacity Building Project RDT Rapid Diagnostic Test REF Rural Electricity Fund RIDP Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project RiPPLE Research-inspired Policy and Practice learning in Ethiopia RPC Regional Project Coordinator RPCO Regional Project Coordination Office RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RPSC Regional Project Steering Committee RSC Residual Sodium Bicarbonate RSPB Royal Society for the Protection of Birds RWSS Rural Water Supply and Sanitation SBD-W Standard Bidding Documents Works SC-UK Save the Children - United Kingdom SDPASE Sustainable Development of the Protected Area System SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Programme SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SIA Social Impact Assessment SlM Sustainable land Management SlMP Sustainable land Management Project SME Small-Medium Enterprise SMEC Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation SOP Standard Operating Procedure SP-IPM Systemwide Programme on Intt=grated Pest Management SRI System of Rice Intensification STD Sexually Transmitted Disease STI Sexually Transmitted Infection TAS Training and Advisory System TaSBO Tana Sub Basin Organisation TB Tuberculosis TBD To be determined TBIWRDP Tana-Beles Integrated water Resources Development Project TEK Traditional Ecological Knowledge TGoE Transitional Government of Ethiopia TlU Tropical Livestock Unit TOR Terms of Reference UN United Nations Environmental and Social Impact AssessIJJE:nt of about 20.000 l1a I'''galion ane! Drainage Schemes at /v1egech Pump (at Seraba). Ribb and Angel Dan) B~ R!DP ESIA Vol 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page IX UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNIDO UN Industrial Development Organisation URL Uniform Resource Locator USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation US SCS United States Soil Conservation Service VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing VL Visceral Leishmaniasis WaSH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WB World Bank WCD World Commission on Dams WEAP Water Evaluation and Planning Model WG Women's Group WGS World Geodesic System WHO World Health Organisation WoARD Woreda Agriculture and Rural Development Office WorHO Woreda Health Office WPIT Woreda Project Implementation Team WUA Water Users' Association WUBU Water Users' Basic Unit WUC Water Users' Cluster WUG Water Users' Group WWDSE Water Works Design & Supervision Enterprise WWCE Water Works Construction Enterprise Ellvironnwntai and Soc'a/lmpact Assesf'l7Jent of about 20 000 ha B~ l'rigHtio!) and OIHi!laue :SciJemes at . RIDP Pump (at SelE//)a). Rihb and Angel Dam Vel " !>row,xes Page x Ministry of Water and Energy Symbols and Units °c degree Celsius g gram ha hectare hr hour kata 0.25 ha kg kilogram km kilometre km 2 square kilometre kV kilovolt kVA kilovolt ampere kW kilowatt kWh kilowatt hour litre m metre mg/I milligrams per litre mm millimetre masl metres above sea level m 3/s cubic metre per second pH acidity / alkalinity ppm parts per million qt quintal (100 kg) s second t tonne V volt yr year !-IS/cm microSiemens per cm (a measure of electrical conductivity) Elements C Carbon Ca Calcium K Potassium Mg Magnesium N Nitrogen Na Sodium P Phosphorus Monetary Units ETB Ethiopian Birr EUR Euro USD United States Dollar Note 1 Euro = '" 22 ETB as of December 2010 1 USD N 16 ETB as of December 2010 EnvIronmental and Social Assessment of about 20.000 ha IfTlgalion and Dlamage Schemes at Pump (at Seraba) Ril)/) and Angel Dam RIDP 2. Annexes· Ministry of Water and Energy Page XI Glossary Amicha Kin-based festive labour Aygebere Local vernacular: medium fertility land Bahir shesh Cultivation of soil when soft as the floodwater recedes Belg Short rainy season, little rains Buda Category of people with the evil eye through inheritance (lower status) Daguasa ses Local vernacular: low fertility land Debo I debayt Traditional mutual help organisation Dengal Papyrus Edir Traditional savings I credit mechanism in case of death Falasha "the Ethiopian Jews" Got I Gote Village I hamlet Guie Practice of burning soil with crop residues to improve soil structure Iqub Traditional savings I credit mechanism Injera Pancake made from teff, millet or sorghum; traditional staple food Kada I kata 0.25 ha of land Kebele Administrative area below Woreda, equivalent to sub-county or parish Kerem't Long rainy season, main rains Maresha Traditional wooden ox-drawn plough Noug Niger seed, an oilseed crop (Guizotia abyssinica) Rega Category of Amhara people who are 'pure' and 'noble' (higher status) Serfej Local water manager (covers 20-30 users) Tankwa Traditional papyrus boat Teda Weekly village market Teff Traditional cereal crop (Eragrostis tef) Tej Mead (fermented honey drink) Tsiwa Traditional faith-based organisation for commemorating saints, angels Wai'na dega Traditional agro-ecological zone (1800-2400 masl) Warsa Local vernacular: high fertility land Woito Marginalised, lakeshore-dependent socio-economic group Wonfel Reciprocal labour Woreda Administrative area below Zone, equivalent to District or County Ye wuha abat Traditional water distribution organiser/organisation ("water father") EnV'lcnnw'ltai olld Socia/Impact Assessmelit of about 20,000 i!rlflatl(l11 and DlilinHge Scliemes at Pump (at S6Ial)a), R;I)b and Angel O[1iTJ - RIDP Vol 2 AlflJexes Ministry of Water ad Energy Page 1-1 1. Annex 1 - Maps 1 Project Area: Administrative Boundaries (A3) 2 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project - Command Area Layout - Option IIIA (A3) 3 RIDP Command Area Orthophoto (A3) 4 Flood Hazard Maps: 2, 5, 10[ 50 and 100 years (A4) 5 Multi-spectral Satellite Image of Lake Tana showing Wetlands (A3) 6 Fish Habitat Maps (A3) Environmental and Socia! Assessmel'l of atEM/ 20.000 ha B~ In Igallon and Sr;i1cmcs RIDP PUlllP (al 5eraL,F/) PI/)/) allf] 1.11981 Dan! 2. AnrH;'XCS Mmistry of Water and Energy i ~ , 1.1 MAP 1: PROJECT AREA: ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES l Tana PrO}9c1 Command Area July 2010 BRL ~ /·-;'IQf' Ministry of Water and Energy 1.2 MAp 2: RIDP - COMMAND AREA LAYOUT - OPTION IliA '!50000 155000 ,..... 36"'" '7.... LIBO KEMKEM '=-t ".~]~ !: ..... ~~ ··--~\~1;' · i r - - - - - - - - - 1 1 :2 4..0 :? Legend .u.~J\.>·~'7"!> · Town!!; ' ...." ~ · Churches £' -R~s Canal - Mall1CaMI - - Secondary Canal FOGERA Tertiary canal r:letd CaM' .. lJlr.en.:lM;aryd'l1 +At.... Y>.,....m, ...._ .... Mall'lplpe Sub Main Pipe iii Lake Tana a N o Project Command Area D VVoreda Boundary ~Gy.1f9's. + W~E Settlerneot S July 2010 25 5 :Km ,---- BIlL <- l!50000 JSSOOO l6000Il JiiSOOQ '7.... ~ and Illl~,wr l)dl)! BRt.: Minisiry of Water and Energy 1.3 MAP 3: RIDP - COMMAND AREA - ORTHOPHOTO 350000 · /:///: Regularly Flooded Wetland ·· July 2010 . ~.o_~== B~ ~> Ministry of Water and Energy Page 1-7 1.4 MAPS 4. 1 TO 4.5: FLOOD HAZARD Map 4.1: Flood Inundation, 2-Year Return Period 365000 ~ 316000 Legend r::::J FtDlI t,_,n~'\.)"t1A'>t'., 2 Year oe-pln {mj .,.0 , i, C31U I~ .... _HIS C3u. .n,:r ! 1 ~ flnqM;I RocdpllJn Flood H,n.ud Map f-i ,! o.plh ot 10000diJlion .~ 2: · V,af RflUffl Pltful(t :z BRL< <"'" July 2010 Source: Final Report, Flood Risk Mapping Consultancy for Pilot Areas in Ethiopia (Riverside Technology Inc. et al. 2010) Environ/nenlal and Sociallmpacl A.ssessment of about 20.000 ha B~ irngatio/l and Drainage Schemes Elf Pump (al Soraba). Ribb and Anger Dam ~ RIDP ESIA: 2. Annexes Page 1-8 Ministry of Water and Energy Map 4.2: Flood Inundation, 5-Year Return Period lsilooo 360000 ··-i6~ Legend · Tc","~ r:::::J Ftbb C(lOTIVr': A'''',~ 6Vur O."",(ml c:3. u c:.\ ".' ... . .1t~!II .,~~ .'1" ~ · 1..50~!l...._..· __~ __ ~ ____ 355OeO . _ ._ _ . .__.!6ooo0 _ _ _ ~_. _____ ....3G~. . 31000!l·. Source: Final Report, Flood Risk Mapping Consultancy for Pilot Areas in Ethiopia (Riverside Technology Inc. et al. 2010) ~ EnVIronmental and Social Impact Assessment of a/Jout 20.000 ha IrrlgatlOll and Drainage Schemes at Megecl) Pump (at Seraba), Ribb and Anger Dam - RIDP ESIA. Vol 2. Annexes ~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 1-[J Map 4.3: Flood Inundation, lO-Year Return Period ~ ~: .,,;. 8: ~~ g ~i f!: I! a; Legend [:::J R,b\') C'A'Y)'..J"'J A,,od 10 Year Depth (m) ~ C3.u . C3.~ .J..'" _"dS .t!ltl .'11'. FIoodp~ft\ Flood H-Aurd Map ~: ft.-urn ".rlod ~i ~i <"'" Source: Final Report, Flood Risk Mapping Consultancy for Pilot Areas in Ethiopia (Riverside Technology Inc. et al. 2010) Environmental and Socia/Impact Assessment of about 20.000 IJa BRt: Irrigation and Drainage Schemes at - I' CR~:t, C,:: 'r-,.r.dA',..a SO Yea' O'pll>(ml c3 .it C3 n' !' ~. Source: Final Report, Flood Risk Mapping Consultancy for Pilot Areas in Ethiopia (Riverside Technology Inc. et al. 2010) ~ EnvIronmental ami SocIal Impact Assessment of aiJout 20.000 ha Imgalion and Oral/Jage Schemes at Megech Pump (at SeraiJa). RiiJiJ and Anger Dam B~ . RJDP ESlk Vol. 2. Annexes· Ministry of Water and Energy Page 1-11 Map 4.5: Flood Inundation, 100-Year Return Period Q § Legend T,)'M',< t::I FI,t,t. C').iTn'\l'l~:: Ale' o o o 8 ~ l'l ~ + o 8 8 '" g ~ ~ B~ <@> Ministry of Water and Energy Page 1-15 1.6 MAPS 6.1 TO 6.4: RIDP - FISH HABITAT Source for Maps 6.1 to 6.4: Burnside & Tonkin & Taylor Int. 2009. Supplemental Work to Ministry of Water Resources ESIA for the Ribb Dam, Ethiopia Final Report. Report for ENIDP, MoWR. 122p + anns Note: Map 6.4, Labeobarbus spawning post-dam, assumes no obstacles to fish passage at the fords, cross- drainage structures, and the diversion weir. It therefore represents a best-case scenario. Environmental and Socia/Impact Assessment of al)out 20. 000 lJa flr/gation and Drailliip,f? Schemes al Pump (at SeraIJa], R,hl) and Angel Dan! , k'IDP 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Map 6.1: Fish Habitat Map - Oreochromis nilotfcus (Nile Tilapia) '1=~~':::·iEFJ.,~ .. "'"'--_ .. _-_ ..... ~~e-'!!!J!!.-I<"""" :0.":: ::;~""= :'0:.-::=::' ==:.. '""""" H ~--- 1III. _ _ f l i n l l I I _ I I _ .... ~ " ~--~~~,---~---------=~--------~ BuRNS[£ MI~ \!ilM;: FIhJ4lJC£D lrlllOPlAJI Ifl'RIL'l~llCJi # 11,'" Ministry of Water and Energy Map 6.2: Fish Habitat Map - Clarias qariepinus (Catfish) I .~ "%2": ~~~.:i.::F...a..~ """"" H .·__ ",","'''_''~~DfII\:I C+8iJRNS[£ '4!C1KO IWIII( f'tC4UCtl'l ['NICPlA.N mfl'!I:~lltfl I'U) a'''INAO: f'R'O.l!l.:f I 1~;'---~ "'Ill: FISH .....IiUTAf IIIJIIF'FIIIII: a.,.va<'I'IS ~ "! --- 1 ~-r!:'~7=~' ~":.=\:.....::..":'..-==:== ~ _ _ wllll_ _ _ _ _ w.r (C.... ) ............ -.!ii!il. __ ____ ~ MNtSTl!1I ~ 'iil.Tm QO(ilJRC('3 IIIIIIOIIM!SA !l.F9'l£IOIltL""" =====_--~_-_- ____ I I~I ~"_·WR_ -1- -1_.. ! (Jar'l ~ ih jt g :,! fIll '" e> IU!lll k5I 1 " .,: I 'I ill II' ~ t:: UJ '0 ' Ill' " '" ~ ·'I'lilt ,: ,. I .. .of ~ ri '0 ~ !l1 ~ £Xl ~.: is E .... ~ . Ministry of Water and Energy Page 2-1 2. Annex 2 - Persons and Organisations contacted by ESIA Study Team Note: persons and organisations contacted in relation to, specifically, health issues, pest management and cultural heritage are listed again in the Appendices to the respective Annexes in this volume (Annexes 7,8,9). Name Position / Affiliation Contact FOGERA WOREDA Wereta Molla Jember Admi nistrator 0918-703-012 058-446-0106 Ayalew Zenawi Acting General Administration Process Owner Kedija Kemal Deputy, Woreda Public Relations Balemane Adane Expert Water Resources Dev. Office 0918-700-396 Mengistu Shumet Water Resources Development Office 0918-700-396 Balemole Adane Potable Water Expert, Water Resources Development 0911-962-691 Office 0918-700-396 Worku Mulat Head, Agriculture and Rural Development Office 0918-702-671 (WoARD) Beyageg Woube Coordinator Irrigation & Drainage WoARD 0918-091-169 Getachew Mola Soil & Water Conservation Expert WoARD 0918-073-395 Negussie Asefa Agronomist WoARD 058-446-0064 Habtea W/Selassie Irrigation & Forage Expert WoARD 0918-097-417 Melese Dametea Planning Expert WoARD Feseha Alemu WoARD Hailea Berara Extension Expert WoARD 0912-334-938 Aqmasea Alamnew Cooperative Promotion Process Owner 0912-186-002 Haile Birarra Expert Cooperative Promotion 0912-334-938 Abaynesh Gelaw Expert Cooperative Promotion Ayalneh Mulugeta Marketing Expert WoARD 0911-362-315 Gedefaw Getnet Head, Environmental Protection and Land Use and 0918-807-069 Administration Office Taye Wulelat Coordinator, Environmental Protection and Land Use 0918-807-069 and Administration Office Mohammed Massen Coordinator, Education Office 0918-144-298 Mulus Negus Coordinator Women's Affairs Office 0918-700-832 Sr. Haimanot Firde Deputy Head Health Office (WorHO) 0584-460-449 Worku Melese Expert, WorHO 0918-702-671 0918-702-608 Endalkatchew Desalegn Head Wereta Health Centre Avua Ena Koket Kebele Maru Belay Kebele Head Cherie Mengist Deputy Chairman Bosena Abitew Head Women's Association "Genet Got" Melekegenet Yihun Head Priest, Avua Iyesus Church Ferede Ellvllonmenlal and Social Impact Assess!J1ellt of about ?() 000 ha 1"'9dtfOI' i,lId Ora/fiage Sr:ileflJC'S 61 Megee!f Pump (2t SS!al'(!) Rill/) and AngAf Oam RIDP ESIA Vol. ? Afm8xC'_, Page 2-2 Ministry of Water and Energy Name Position I Affiliation Contact Names available 15 farmers at Berbere Mender Tamene Simachew Director Avua ena Koket Elementary School - Students from the school Diba Sifatra Kebele Ayenew Girma Development Agent Names available 9 farmers from Sifatra, plus youths Gusalem Alemu Farmer Nigussie Alene Berhanu Abtamu Farmer I Endalamu Abegaz Farmer Names available 10 women from Sifatra Nabega Giorghis Kebele Melke Selam-Abba Monk, Nabega Giorghis Church Engidaw Tegegn · Bilata Destaw Asnakew Elder Names available 12 farmers from the Zelamoch Tavia Amare Teferra Executive, Fisheries Cooperative, near Daga-Takua wetland Asmeraw Tebaber Farmer near Daga-Takua wetland Asmare Molla Farmer near Welela wetland Shaga Mariam Kebele Sisay Gedefu Priest Shaga Mariam Church Eshete Mulgeta Priest Shaoa Mariam Church - 4 members of the church congregation Names available 8 farmers at Shaga Mariam Church Names available 7 women at Shag a Mariam Church Wereta Zuria Kebele - Farmer at ORDA's Loomidu small-scale irrigation scheme on Guanta River Addis Betekristian Kebele Sr. Astatkiw Selamu Head Addis Betekristian Clinic Ribb Gabriel Kebele Berhan Meikle Farmer Addis Betekristian Kebele Kelemu Bizualem Farmer Ribb Gabriel Kebele Muluye Fetene LIBO KEMKEM WOREDA Addis Zemen Alebachew Delel Head Woreda Administration 0918-048-473 Desalegn Guangul Deputy Head Woreda Administration Wjro Fantanesh Degene Expert Planning and Monitoring 058-444-0035 Belete Baye Water Resources Development Office 0918-747-619 Endalew Tarekegn Water Resources Development Office 0918-084-837 Adesu Tefera Head WoARD 0918-700-035 Bitew Alebachew Deputy Head WoARD Wjte Begosera Tadesse Expert Irrigated Crops WoARD 058-440-024 Yared Tegabu Meheret Aynew Extension Expert WoARD M&E Expert Cooperatives Office FOB-OSO 44-0871 Zewdu Ayalew Head, Environmental Protection and Land Use and Administration Office Environmental and Social Impact of about 20. 000 IJa Imgatlon and Drcllllage Schemes at Serahai Rltb and A'lgcl Dam ·RIDP Ministry of Water and Energy Page 2-3 och Tavia (same focus EllvilOIJmelltal and Social Impact Assessment of about 20 000 ha II rigatlOn arid 0, al! /age SciJePlcs at Pump ;at Scm/Ja). RI!>/) RiDF A''')6x",,, . Page 2-4 Ministry of Water and Energy Name Position / Affiliation Contact Park Protection and Development Authority (now part of BoCTPD) Berhanu Gebre General Manager 0918-340-139 Dr. B.K. Basaznew Veterinarian Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (BoFED) Berhanu Yiachew ENIDP Deputy Regional Project Coordinator 0918-761-428 zqebeyehu©vahoo.com Zelalem Gebeyeh Statistics Officer Bureau of Environmental Protection Land Administration and Use (BoEPLAU) Kebede Yima Dawud Head BoEPLAU 0918-340-129 Yitayal Abebe Ashetih Ensuring Sustainable Environmental Protection 0918-707-172 Process Owner Getnet Huneguahu EIA Report Review & Auditing and Monitoring Expert 0918-017-382 Admassu Molla Former Head EPLAUA Bayeh Tiruneh Head Land Administration Process 0918-707-172 Mehretu Dagnew Expert, Land Evaluation & Resettlement Alternative Preparation Gebeyehu Belay Land Administration Expert 0582-265-483 0918-028-242 Wolde Gebre Kidan Former Ecologist (now PhD student) 0918-780-444 Bureau of Water Resources Development (BoWRD) Sesay Asres Head Irrigation Dept. 0918-026-533 Zemene Tsahai Former Irrigation & Drainage Process Leader Sew net Eshetu Deputy Head, Irrigation & Drainage SDC Process and 0918-768-474 Focal person ENIDP Dagnent Fenta Water Supply Core Process Owner 0918-018-620 Geteneh Kassahun Water Quality Expert 0918-765-936 Tesfaye Mengistu Irrigation Agronomist Tesfaye Socio-economist Tsehayu WUA Promotion Expert Koga Irrigation Project Sisay Ch'ane Project Coordinator Project Management Unit 0918-708-384 Chris Hall former Resident Engineer Mott MacDonald Rural Water Supply and Environmental Programme Elis Karsten Advisor 0918-340-907 Abraham 0918-764-152 Yohannes 0918-761-168 Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD) Tenaw Ejigu Irrigated Agriculture Development Process Owner & 0918-705-114 ENIDP Component 2 Focal Person Bitew Melese Agricultural Extension Service Process Owner 0918-013-093 Tesfay Mengesha Former Head Extension Dept. 058-220-5850 Mehretu Dagnew Land Valuation and Resettlement Alternatives Preparation Expert Muluken Azmeraw Socio-economist Chalachew Chane Fishery Expert Dr. Yienew G. Selassie Director Soil & Water Conservation Amhara Region Alehegne Dagnew Head, Project Coordination Office, (PSNP . SLMP / 0918-707-256 TBIWRDP) Chalachew Aragaw Zeleke Fisheries Expert 0918~704-810 Ayehew Zeryhun Head Plant Health Clinic 0918-013-093 Environmental and Social Impact Assessl1Ient of about 20.000 ha l!rigation and Drainage Schemes at Megeel] Pump (at Sera/Ja) RiiJ/J all(! Angel Dal7l - RIDP ESIA Vol 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 2-5 Name Position / Affiliation Contact Mandefro Aslake Former Head, Plant Health Clinic 058-220-0956, 0918-768-996 Dr. Nuria Yideg Head, Animal Health Laboratory 0918-761-186 0582-800-017 Dr. Solomon Former Head Animal Health Laboratory Tana-Beles Integrated Watershed Management Project (TBIWRDP) Veli Pohjonen Team Leader 0910-968-045 Mikaela Kruskopf Water Resources Monitorinq Advisor 0911-813-342 Getie Asfaw M&E Advisor 0911-303-686 Lakew Desta Capacity Building & Networking Advisor 0911-401-459 Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute (ARARI) Dr. Fantahun Turuneh Head Dr. Birru Yitaferu Director, Soil and Water Research and Focal Point, 0918-160-775 ENIDP Component 2 058-220-7153 Dr. Gizaw Desta Senior Researcher 0912-860-328 Bahir Dar Fish and Other Aquatic Life Research Centre (BFALRC) Alayu Yalew Director 0911-009-212 Dr. Eshete Dejen Senior Fish Expert 0910-179-094 Mihret Endalew Senior Fish Expert Belay Abdissa Fish Expert Goraw Goshu Limnology Expert Bureau of Health (BoH) Dr. Asrat Genet Head 0918-340-523 0582-200-922 Mulusew Lijalem Belew Deputy Head 0918-707-621 0582-201-438 Dr. Ali Gebeyehu Deputy Head 0918-340-914 Daqnew Aweke Waste Management & Pollution Control Officer 0918-702-820 Andualem Anteneh Water Quality Control Officer 0911-865-239 Gebrie Birara Food & Drinks Establishments & Other Institutions 0918-022-403 Sanitation Officer Mengistayehu Berhanu Waste Management & Environmental Pollution Control 0911-886-305 Officer Fekadu Sed eta HIV/ AIDS Prevention Officer 0918-701-115 Yimenu Adane Mulluneh Water Pollution Control Officer 0918-700-228 Amhara Regional Infectious Disease and Surveillance Project (AmRIDS) Dr. Noboyuki Chief Advisor, AmRIDS 0582-265-076 Matsubayashi Shuii Noda Coordinator JICA AmRIDS Project 0918-020-725 Bureau of Women Children and Youth Affairs (BoWYCA) Anteneh Demelash Gender Mainstreaminq Performer Damte Gashu Women's Associations & Development Work Process 0910-120-043 Performer EEPCo Melaku Abegaz Tis Abay Hydropower Station Operator Bahir Dar University Wassie Anteneh Fish Bioloqist Dr. Amy Collick Coordinator, Cornell University - Bahir Dar University 0913-321-709 Watershed Research Proqramme ORDA EIWIrOnlllGntal and Social Impact AssCi.S8IlJGnt of about 20.000 ha BijL Irngatlon al/d ()ra i l]a9'! Schemes at Megech Pump (at SemiJa) RihfJ iil/d AI/pc] Dam - RIDP ESIA Vol 2 Annexes Page 2-6 Ministry of Water and Energy Name Position I Affiliation Contact Dagnachew Programme Advisor 0582-200-266 Ewnetu Head Water Resources Dept. 0918-765-938 Assem Tesfaw Water Resources Dept. 0918-780-435 GTZ Dr. Ernst Mill GTZ SLM Regional Manager 0918-707-666 ilu Proiect Consultant (Sustainable Land Management) 0918-340-086 ebede Energy Advisor, Energy Coordination Office, 0911-802-485 Energizing Development Program JICA Dr. Hikasa Motoyoshi Deputy Team Leader, Jica/ Amhara Livelihood 0582-181086 Improvement Study Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society (EWNHS) Shimeles Aynalem EWNHS Specialist (Birds) 0911-706-930 Other Degu Addis Independent consultant on agriculture and rural 0918-769-048 development Werner Schroeder Ornithologist, German Society for Nature Conservation Africa Programme Coordinator Bernhard Walter Visiting Ornithologist BioloQY Station Germany Zemenu Kiber Temesgen Guide with local knowledge and contacts 0918-047-731 0913-366-641 ADDIS ABABA · Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE) Hayalsew Yilma National Project Coordinator, World Bank financed 011-683-8506 Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) Bedilu Amare Environmentalist 011-683-8506 Yohannes Benyam Environmentalist Fekahmed Negash Project Coordinator, Tana Beles Integrated Water Resources Development Project Steve Crerar Water Resources Management Expert, Tana Beles Integrated Water Resources Development Project Yohannes Zerihun Project Coordinator, GoE-funded irrigation & drainage 0911-898-046 projects in Abbay Basin Nelson Edwards PPP Specialist, Ethiopia Nile Irrigation & Drainage Project David Stiqqers Infrastructure Specialist + 1-240-643-7300 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD) Yitayew Abebe Natural Resources Division 0911-110-797 Fekerea Markos MoARD: Deputy Head of Animal & Plant Health - Regulatory Directorate W/o Saba Debebe MoARD: Pesticide Registration Officer 0911-886-530 Gezachew Asefa Senior Expert MOARD Animal and Plant Quarantine Directorate Office Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC) Dr. Solomon Abeqaz Senior Researcher 0911-350-212 Ministry of Culture and Tourism: Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) Jara Haile Mariam Director General 011-515-7630 Ephraim Amare Director, Cultural Heritage Inventory, Impressions 0911-761-554 and Standardisation Hailu Zelleke Head of Research Kebede Geleta Archaeologist 0911-445-828 Envi,o!,mental and Socia! Impact of about 20000 ha I"'galfoll c,';cI Drailiage Sch"'[l)f:s at Megec/; Pump (at SerabnJ Ri/J1l and Anger Danl . RIDP ESIA Vol BRIJ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 2-; 011-647-8137 0911-307-491 Envi!onme'llai and Soclailmpact Assessmel!t elf aLloul 20 000 11a BR~ Iingalloll alld Dral/lage SrJlemes al MegeciJ Pump (al Se'ill'il,i RlhlJ and Angel Cant - klDP ES/A Vol 2, Ardl(7X(cS Ministry of Water and Energy Page 3-1 3. Annex 3 - ESIA Study Team (RIDP) · Project Director Dr. France Marion (BRLi, international) & Lead Terrestrial Ecologist replaced 01 June 2010 by Gilles Pahin · Team Leader James Ramsay (BRLi, international) · Deputy Team Leader Prof. Shibru Tedla (MCE, national)* · Lead Aquatic Ecologist Dr. Abebe Getahun Gubale (BRLi, national)* · Water Resources Management Julien Verdonck (BRLi, international) Specialist · Hydrologist Dr. Yonas Michael Gebrewubet (MCE, national) · Soil Scientist Zelealem Sahele Mariam (MCE, national)* · Irrigation Engineer Zerihun Belayneh (MCE t national) · Agronomist/Extension Expert Tibebu Tessema (MCE, national) · Rural Sociologists Maxime Lachal (BRLi t international)* Tesema Tolera (MCE, national)* · Public Health Specialist Dr. Pierre Gazin (BRLi, international)* · Cultural Heritage Specialist Temesgen Burka Bortie (BRLi, national) · GIS Specialist Girma Urgeacha (BRLi, national) * Assisted by: 0 Melaku Wondafrash Botanist and plant taxonomist 0 Belay Abdissa Graduate student and fish expert Girma Gebrekidan Soil scientist Mengistu Nigussie Socio-economist Hana Gender specialist 0 Semira Ahmed Gender speCialist 0 Zemenu Kiber Field assistant Solomon Kibret Health assistant (malaria research scientist) EnViIOWIl61'Ia! allej SOCiAi ImpAct Assessment of a/Jout 20 000 lJa /ti/gall(''1 and O'8'i,afJe Pump (ilt SC1iliJa!. Rib/) al/d Angel Dfll)) Annext:s Ministry of Water and Energy Page 4-1 4. Annex 4 - Technical Material 4.1 WATER QUALITY DATA The following table lists water quality data as presented in the RIDP FS (Chapter E, Table E.3-3 and Annex A.4-3, Table 9). Water Quality Parameters Deep Well, Dug Well, Kokit Ribb River Lake Tana Wereta Date of sampling 21-04-08 22-04-08 23-04-08 24-04-08 pH 8.1 7.9 8.2 8.5 Electrical conductivity, EC, I-lS/cm 580 860 301 168 Total dissolved solids, TDS (mg/I) 220 420 120 100 Calcium, Ca (mg/I) 1.442 3.214 1.851 1.183 Magnesium, Mg (mg/I) 0.94 1.891 0.395 0.436 Potassium, K (mg/I) 0.313 0.05 0096 0.055 Sodium, Na (mg/I) 3.193 3.505 0.535 0.248 Chlorine, CI (mg/I) 0.353 0.423 0.282 0.183 Sulphate, S04 (mg/I) 0.178 0.157 0.434 0.111 Bicarbonate, HC0 3 (mg/I) 5.594 8.741 2.147 1.628 Phosphate, P0 4 (mg/I) 0.26 2.36 1.23 0.17 Nitrate, N0 3 (mg/I) 0.042 ·0.23 0.069 0.027 Enviro'll7lelltal and SOCiallmpa,! Asses smollt of about 20.000 ha BRIJ ilrigatlon and OIi1!11i1ge Schemes at Uegec!1 FUIIII' lat Serabal. RliJiJ and Anger Own - RfOP ESIA Vol 2. A'/lwxe" Page 4-2 Ministry of Water and Energy 4.2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO EXISTING AND PLANNED WATER PROJECTS AROUND LAKE TANA The following table lists some of the many reports relevant to water resources development around Lake Tana. July 2006 "Phase 1" Covers Megech, Ribb & Anger June 2008 WWD&SE - Tahal 2007 - Final Feasibility Report Vol. VII Oct. 2007 WWD&SE Tahal 2007 Oct. 2007 WWD&SE Tahal 2008 Jan. 2008 WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 - Vol. II - Jan. 2008 WWD&SE Tahal 2008 Jan. 2008 WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Jan. 2008 WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Jan. 2008 WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Megech Dam bility Report - Vol. VI - 2008 (2 Socio- Plan WWD&SE Tahal 2008 Megech Dam Project - Final Feasibility Report - Vol. VIII n WWD&SE - Tahal 2007 Dam Planning Report - April 2007 WWD&SE Tahal April 2007 WWD&SE - Tahal May 2007 WWD&SE - Tahal August 2007 Environmental and Socia/Impact Assessment u f aiJold 000 l1a IllIgallo l1 ami Oral/lage Schemes at Pump ial Seral.liJ) R:f'I.' and AngEr Danl . RfDP 2. A';nex8s Ministry of Water and Energy Paye 4-3 Author Year Title Comment WWD&SE Tahal 2007 Ribb Dam Desion - FS - Vol. IV - Design Criteria April 2007 WWD&SE - Tahal 2007 Ribb Dam Design - FS - Vol. V - Drawings April 2007 WWD&SE - Tahal 2007 Ribb Dam Design - FS - Vol. VI - Socio-economic Study Oct. 2007 & Resettlement Plan 2 files WWD&SE - Tahal 2007 Ribb Dam Design - FS - Vol. VII - EIA Oct. 2007 Unacceptable to · WB WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Ribb Dam Design FS Vol. VIII - Watershed Jan. 2008 Management Study Burnside Tonkin 2009 ESIA for the Ribb Dam, Final Report May 2009 & Taylor Beza Consulting 2010 Task Two Report for Preparation of a Resettlement Feb 2010 Engineers Action Plan Ribb Dam Project lema Dam WWD&SE - Tahal 2007 Jema Dam Project .. Draft Feasibility Report - Vol. VII October 2007 Environmental Impact Assessment WWD&SE Tahal 2008 Jema Dam Project, Draft Feasibility Report - Vol. VII - April 2008 En"ifC>l1mental Impact Assessment WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Jema Dam Project - Draft Feasibility Report - Vol. VI April 2008 Socio-economic Study and Resettlement Planning I Report WWD&SE Tahal 2008 Jema Dam & Irrigation Design Project - Final Feasibility August 2008 Report - Socio-economic Study and Resettlement Planni l1 0 WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Jema Dam Project - Draft Feasibility Report - Vol. VIII April 2008 Watershed Management Plan WWD&SE Tahal 2008 Jemma Dam Project - Feasibility Report - Vol One - July 2008 Planning Report · WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Jemma Dam Project .. Feasibility Report - Vol Two July 2008 Geolooical and Geotechnical Irwestigations Report I WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Jemma Dam Project Feasibility Report - Vol Three - April 2008 I Hydrglgoical Investioations WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Jemma Dam Project - Feasibility Report - Vol Four July 2008 Design Criteria WWD&SE Tahal 2008 Jemma Dam Project Feasibility Report - Vol Five - July 2008 Album of Drawings Gilgel Abbay Dam WWD&SE - Tahal 2008 Gilgel Abbay Dam & Irrigation Design Project: Final August 2008 Feasibility Report - Socio-economic Study & Resettlement Planning MEGECH · PUMP (Seraba) MoWR 2008 TOR Resettlement Action Plan (Megech (at Seraba) and Ribb Irrigation 51..1It: 110; ; ) · · Tahal - CECE 2008 Megech Pump I&D Project - I',,_cl.IlIVI Report March 2008 Tahal - CECE 2008 Megech Pump I&D Project Monthly Reports 1 -~ Tahal CECE 2008 Megech Pump I&D Project - Agricultural Develop Sep. 2008 Report (draft) Tahal CECE 2008 Megech Pump I&D Project - Environmental Baseline Dec. 2008 Study Report Tahal - CECE 2008 Megech Pump I&D Project - Hydrology (draft) Tahal - CECE 2008 Megech Pump I&D Project Hydrogeology (draft) Nov. 2008 Tahal CECE 2008 Megech Pump I&D Project Soils & Land Suitability Nov. 2008 (draft) Tahal - CECE 2008 Megech Pump I&D Project - Basic Principles for the . Irrigation System (draft) Impact Assessment of abo::! 20000 'ii) II ngatn') awl at A,"1egncli Pi/fliP (at Ser;loBI P!hl) P;17(.1 Afl(J~,1 Dept: r~IDP ESIA Vol Annexos Page 4-4 Ministry of Water and Energy Author Year Title Comment Tahal - CECE 2009 Megech Pump I&D Project Socioeconomic & WUA Feb. 2009 i Study Report - Part One (draft) Tahal CECE 2009 Megech Pump I&D Project - Socioeconomic & WUA Feb. 2009 Study Report - Part Two (draft) Tahal - CECE 2010 Megech Pump I&D Project - Final Feasibility Study (3 Feb. 2010 volumes) SMEC 2010 Resettlement Action Plan (draft) Aug. 2010 Tahal - CECE 2010 Megech Pump I&D Project - Detailed Design Report and July 2010 _ .... Farmers Mobilization and Consultation Report I Tahal - CECE 2010 Megech Pump I&D Project - draft Bidding (Tender) Oct. 2010 Documents i MEGECH PUMP (Robit) I · Halcrow GIRD 2010 Megech Pump (Robit) Project - Draft Feasibility Study May 2010 I Report (D3): main report and supporting volumes RIBB -IRRIGATION &. OTHER Halcrow - MCE 2007 ENTRO Integrated Watershed Management (Ethiopia) Dec. 2007 - Watershed Project, Fast-Track Project - Detailed Project Preparation Project Implementation Plan - Volume 1 - Main Report (and all other project reports) Halcrow - MCE 2007 ENTRO - Integrated Watershed Management (Ethiopia) Dec. 2007 Watershed Project, Fast-Track Project - Detailed · Project Preparation - Project Implementation Plan - Volume 3 - Annex F - Social & Environmental Assessment Abebe at al. 2008 Fishery Studies of the Ribb River, Lake Tana Basin, Jan. 2008 Ethiopia - Final Report Scanned doc. MoWR 2008 TOR Resettlement Action Plan (Megech (at Seraba) and Ribb Irrigation Schemes) Tahal - CECE 2008 Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project - Inception Report March 2008 Tahal - CECE 2008 Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project Monthly Reports 1 - 12 · Tahal - CECE 2008 Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project - Agricultural Sep. 2008 Development Report (draft) I Tahal - CECE 2008 Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project - Hydrology (draft) Nov. 2008 Tahal CECE 2008 Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project - Hydrogeology Nov. 2008 i (draft) · Tahal - CECE 2008 Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project Environmental Dec. 2008 I Baseline Study Report - Unrevised Draft Report Burnside - Tonkin 2008 Supplemental Work to the ESIA for the Ribb Dam - & Taylor Inception Report Burnside - Tonkin 2008 Supplemental Work to the ESIA for the Ribb Dam - Nov. 2008 · & Taylor Draft Study Report Tahal - CECE 2009 Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project Environmental Jan. 2009 Baseline Study Report Eshete Dejen 2010 Interim Report for Preparation of Detailed Sep. 2010 Implementation Manual for Environmental & Social Management Plan of Ribb River on Fish Resources (draft) I Tahal - CECE 2010 . Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project - Final Feasibility Sep. 2010 I I Study I GUMERA WWD&SE - 2006 Gumera Irrigation Project Catchment Development Sep. 2006 Intercontinental Plan WWD&SE - 2008 Feb. 2008 Intercontinental Environmental and Soc,allmpact Assessment of about 20.000 ha iJllgal!oo and Drainage SciJe!1Jes a/ - RIDP Pump (a/ SeralJd) RiblJ and Angor Dfi/n 2. Aunr,xes B~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 4-5 Irrigation Project - Feasibility Study - Main Intercontinental draft final KOGA Acres Int. & Shawel 1995 Koga Irrigation Project - Feasibility Study Main Report Mar 1995 Consult Int. Mott MacDonald 2005 Koga Irrigation Project, Working Paper No. 13: Dec. 2005 Implementation and Operation - Issues of Concern I Wubneh Belete 2007 EIA implementation and follow-up: A case study on pdf of Abebe Koga irrigation pi c~ iopia '\"vv"", f.lvint file ! Desta Horecha 2007 Irrigation Water Pricing and Cost Recovery System for Sep. 2007 Water Supply Koga Irrigation Project Draft Final Report - Vol. I - scan Engineering Main Report Service Wubneh Belete 2008 EIA Follow-Up in the Koga Irrigation Project, Ethiopia. Abebe et al. Proc. of 2nd Int. Forum on Water and Food (Addis Ababa 9-14 Nov. 2008) Vol II: 52-55 I Ayalew Gebre, 2008 Stakeholder Analysis of the Koga Irrigation and Jan. 2008 Derese Getachew Watershed Management Project (for IWMI) I and M. McCartney ,~,_ ...... I TANA-BELES HYDROLOGY I MoWR 2005 Tana Beles Water Systems An Overview of Water Resources Development Potentials and Issues ! SMEC 2007 Hydrological Study of the Tana-Beles Sub-BaSins - June 2007 Monthly Report No.1 SMEC 2007 Hydrological Study of the Tana-Beles Sub-Basins Draft July 2007 · II1<:E;:ption Report · SMEC 2008 Hydrological Study of the Tana-Beles Sub-Basins Main May 2008 Re~ort SMEC Hydrological Study of the Tana-Beles Sub-Basins - 2008 May 2008 Financial and Economic Analyses SMEC 2008 Hydrological Study of the Tana-Beles Sub-Basins - May 2008 Groundwater Investigation SMEC 2008 Hydrological Study of the Tana-Beles Sub-Basins - Hydrological Monitoring Network (Review and Recommendations) I SMEC 2008 Hydrological Study of the Tana-Beles Sub-Basins - ! May 2008 Surface Water In\lE;:stigation SMEC 2008 Hydrological Study of the Tana-Beles Sub-Basins - May 2008 Ecoloqical Study with Emphasis on Biological Resources TANA & BELES INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES i:)EVELOPMENT PROJECT (TBIWRDP) I WB 2006 TBWIRDP - Project Information Document (PID) - Concept Stage WB 2008 TBIWRDP - Project Appraisal Document (PAD) MoWR 2008 TBIWRDP - ESMF and RPF - Final Report I MoWR 2008 TBIWRDP - Project IflJplementation Manual (PIM) - Final BRLi 2008 TBIWRDP Institutional & Capacity Building Studies - Final Report various 2008 I ~~IWRDP Project Launch Workshop, Bahir Dar - ppt resentations WB 2008 Project Launch Mission - Aide Memoire Nov. 2008 TANA-BELES HYDROPOWER Lahmeyer- 2000 Feasibility Study of Beles Hydropower Project - Main August 2000 Electrowatt-Knight Report Piesold (LEK) ! LEK 2000 Feasibility Study of Beles Hydropower Project - EIA En\'ironm('ntai all(1 Social Impact Assessment of p.!;oul 20.000 lIB B~L l(nga'lo17 awl iJrainage at Megeeh Pump Ri/:iJ "I'd Angel RIDP ES/A Vol ;:, AllfiGXIS Page 4-6 Ministry of Water and Energy Author Year Title Comment ? ? Feasibility Study of Beles and Chemoga-Yeda Stage 1 Hydropower Project - Report on International Water Rights Implications LAKE TANA OTHER David Barker 2004 Address to Lake Tana Symposium, Bahir Dar LakeNet President McCartney et al. 2008 Estimating Environmental Flow Requirements June 2008 downstream of the Chara Chara weir on the Blue Nile river Ayalew Gebre et al. 2008 Stakeholder Analysis of the Chara Chara Weir, Lake Jan. 2008 Tana (IWMI) McCartney et al. 2010 Evaluation of Current and Future Water Resources Development in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (lWMI RR 134) ABBAY BASIN Abbay Basin Study 1998 Abbay Master Plan - numerous volumes BRU - DHV - T&A 2005 Institutional Set-up Studies of the Ethiopian Nile April 2005 (Abbay) Basin Project - Institutional Study Phase - Executive Summary BRLi - DHV - T&A 2005 Institutional Set-up Studies of the Ethiopian Nile May 2005 (Abbay) Basin Project - Institutional Study Phase - July 2005 Report No.1 - Final Institutional Proposal for the Creation of the Abbay River Basin Organisation BRLi - DHV - T&A 2005 Institutional S~t-up Studies of the Ethiopian Nile May 2005 (Abbay) Basin Project - Institutional Study Phase - July 2005 Report No.2 - Planninq M&E and MIS Strategy BRLi DHV - T&A 2005 Institutional Set-up Studies of the Ethiopian Nile no cover page (Abbay) Basin Project - Draft Master Plan Summary and Basin Strategic Planning and Management I NILE BASIN ENTRO Irriqation and Drainaqe Study in the Blue Nile Basin ! SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT (SLM) PROJECT · MARD I WB 2007 SLM - Environmental and Social Management Framework (draft) I WB 2008 SLM PAD TerrAfrica ? TerrAfrica: Regional Sustainable Land Management I CLIMATE CHANGE Paul Block 2008 An Assessment of Investments in Agricultural and CGIAR CPWF Transportation Infrastructure, Energy, and · Working Paper I Hydroclimatic Forecasting to Mitigate the Effects of 1 Hydrologic Variability in Ethiopia Block et al. 2008 Integrated Management of the Blue Nile Basin in IFPRI Research Ethiopia under Climate Variability and Climate Change Brief 15-14 Hydropower and Irrigation Modelling Kim & Kaluarachchi 2008 Analysis of Hydrology and Water Resources of the Upper Nile Regional Blue Nile River Basin under Climate Chanqe Workshop, June Ungtae Kim et al. 2008 Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia (IWMI RR 126) · Jaap Kwadijk ? Climate, water supply, management and use in the Nile, a comparison I Giday Wolde ? Significance of Past Climatic Records in Terrestrial Gabriel Sediments for Assessing Current and Future Conditions TRANSBOUNDARY NBI 2001 Transboundary EnVironmental Analysis May 2001 Environmental and SO(:lil/ !mpiJcl Assessment of about 20. 000 irrigation and Drall)age Schemes al RI/]b 3mi Angel Dam -RIDP Ministry of Water and Energy Page 4-7 4.3 ARARI RESEARCH PROJECTS PLANNED FOR 2010 - 2011 FOR ENIDP List of ,'l'sl'llrl'h ,lfOjl'\'1 a\'lhilin IIlulllwd ror 201(I! II ror '''W ..., l'r"I....·1 Mclhll, "llIlu\ Iml'lr",cnlill~ !tUnll!,," ( rnler 'lq.'~, I, ,\ Un;~.'1n:; i ·1~la.jcr > \d,: "' \ I'. ,2'1111 III 1~lnl.tlH ttl \1r,ti,-d~~O\~).~J~R~b~ In,;£~~tt~1i ",(}!';.fllC" R.hh \,t'\PI;lhIIH~ pOI~nnJ\1 c L .llu,jlmn ·· 1 ~tc("n m.tnw{"--, "I)('UI:" 'Of \1c~C'dl ~, ( 'h~~;'lr:M_: · I"it~dt.'r. ·\d(! ,: \ r', r:lI! 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Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 5-1 5. Annex 5 - Ecological Data 5.1 PLANT SPECIES IN MAIN HABITATS IN STUDY AREA The following list was provided by the ESIA team's national ecologists, based on fieldwork in the project area in March 2010 (dry season). Local Name Scientific Name Family Relative Abundance Temporary Wetland (Seasonall Near Sefatra Viorg Meda (Aba Gareta), el. 1789 m Nichilo Argemone mexicana L. PAPAVERACEAE xxx Amekella Hygroohi/a schu//i ACANTHACEAE xxx Luc/wigia st%niferam(Guill. & Perr.) Rayen LYTHERACEAE xxx Sphaeranthus sua yeo/ens (Forssk.) DC. ASTERACEAE xxx He/iotrooium suoinum L. i BORAGINACEAE xx I Echil10es macrochaetus Fresen. ASTERACEAE xxx Cynoqlossum densefoliatum Chiov. BORAGINACEAE x Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm. f.) R. Br. BORAGINACEAE x Cynodon dacty/on (L.) Pers. POACEAE xxx Solanum dasy.ehyJlum Schumach. SOLANACEAE x Debene Acacia lahai Steud. & Hochst. ex Benth. FABACEAE x Chrozoohora olicata (vahl) A. Juss. EUPHORBIACEAE xxx i Senna occidenta/is (L.} Link FABACEAE · Between Entela Kebele &. Gosh Meda, el. 1799 m Ludwiqia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) Raven LYTHERACEAE xxx · Metere G/inus lotordes L. MOLLUGINACEAE xx Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forssk.) DC. ASTERACEAE xxx Heliotroeium sueinum L. BORAGINACEAE xxx Cynoglossum dense folia tum Chiov. BORAGINACEAE xx ~o Cvnodon dactvlon POACEAE FABACEAE xxx xxx Senna didvmobotrva i Eraarostis tenuifolia (A: Rich.) Steud. POACEAE xx lndiqofera seicata Forssk. . FABACEAE xx I Altemanthera punqens Kunth AMARANTHACEAE I xx Aeschynomene schimperi A. Rich .. FABACEAE xx Riverine Wetland Sefatra Gabriel el. 1804 Debene Acacia abyssinica Hochst ex Benth. FABACEAE x ,. Qey Girara Acaciaseyal Del. FABACEAE x Eucalyptus tereticomis Smith MYRTACEAE xxx · Ficus palmata Forssk. MORACEAE x Phoenix rec/inata Jaca. ARECACEAE xxx Caoparis tomentosa Lam. CAPPARIDACEAE x ~mero Plain area called Menbero, el. 1812 FI:)Qera i i , Mech Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov. ASTERACEAE xx Ageratum conr.zoides L. ASTERACEAE xx Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe POLYGONACEAE I xxx Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forssk.) DC. ASTERACEAE xxx Pennisitum thunberqii Kunth POACEAE xxx Echinochloa staf/.nina (Retz.) P. Beauv. · POACEAE i xxx Grewia ferruqinea TILIACEAE x I Cvoerus assimilis Steud. CYPERACEAE x I Cyeerus aterrimus Steud. I CYPERACEAE x Cyperus atronervatus Bock. CYPERACEAE x Cyperus dichroostac;hyus A. F\ich. CYPERACEAE xx E;i\ ~!r0!1/neIJt[';1 Page 5·2 Ministry of Water and Energy Local Name Scientific Name Family Relative Abundance Cyperus rigidifolius Steud. CYPERACEAE xx Cyperus reduncus Hochst. ex Boeckl. CYPERACEAE x Cyperus rotundus L. CYPERACEAE xx Kosteletzkya begoniifolia (Ulbr.) Ulbr. MALVACEAE x Hibiscus macranthus Hochst. ex A. Rich. MALVACEAE x ! Erucastrum pachypodum (Chiov.) Jonsell BRASSICACEAE x i Ipomea cairica (L) Sweet CONVOLVULACEAE xx Pasture, often seasonally flooded 15 km west of Wereta, Shaga Mariam Ashkura Kebele, el. 1784 m Serdo Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. POACEAE xxx Amekella Hyqrophila schulli ACANTHACEAE xxx i Cirsium vulqare (Savi) Ten ASTERACEAE xxx Euphorbia schimperiana Scheele. EUPHORBIACEAE xx entalla Crinum ornatum CAit.) Bury AMARYLLIDACEAE xxx i Fogera Plain area called Gina, el. 1812 m Kosheshile Acanthus sennii Chiov. ACANTHACEAE xx I Amekella Hygrophila schulli ACANTHACEAE xxx i Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe POLYGONACEAE xxx Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith MYRTACEAE xxx Embuwav Solanum incanum L. SOLANACEAE xx Serdo Cynodondactylon POACEAE xxx Phyllantus boehmii Pax EUPHORBIACEAE x Commelina diffusa Burm. f. COM MELINACEAE x Aeschynomene indica L. FABACEAE xx I Kosteletzkya begoniifolia (Ulbr.) Ulbr. MALVACEAE x Farmland and Settlements Along the path to Shina Tsion/ el. 1791 m Heliotrooium suplnum L. BORAGINACEAE xxx Nichilo Arqemone mexicana L. PAPAVERACEAE xxx Abidamo, Euphorbia schimperiana Scheele. EUPHORBIACEAE x Anterfa, Hndugdug Gemie, Qas Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & Wood ASTERACEAE x bedeja · Ye ahiya Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten ASTERACEAE xxx i eshoh ... - Serk abeba Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barnaby FABACEAE xxx Ageratum conyzoides L. ASTERACEAE xx i Serdo Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. POACEAE xxx i Xanthium strumarium L. ASTERACEAE xxx Qev Girar Acacia seyal Del. FABACEAE xx Abwa Iyesus el. 1796 m Dergu Achyranthes aspera L. AMARANTHACEAE xx Nechilo Argemone mexicana L. PAPAVERACEAE xxx Girar Acacia abyssinica Hochst ex Benth. FABACEAE x Abidamo, Euphorbia schimperiana Scheele. EUPHORBIACEAE xx Anterfa, i Hndugdug i · Gemie, Qas Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & Wood ASTERACEAE x i bedeja Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten ERACEAE xx · Serk abeba Senna didymobotrya xxx Ageratum conyzoides L. AE xxx Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. xxx Xanthium strumarium L. ASTERACEAE xxx Heliotropium supinum L. BORAGINACEAE xxx Near Sefatra, Worq Meda (Aba Gareta), el. 1789 m Envitollmental and Social IrllgatJIl!; anc! Drainage Schemes al Assess/)lon! of alJoul 20,000 ha RiDP ESIA Vol Pump (at SeralJa) ,RillI) and A"9f:1 Dall) Annexes BRts Ministry of Water and Energy Page 5-3 Local Name Scientific Name Family Relative Abundance Guwa a Lath rus satlvus L FABACEAE xxx · Qey shikurt i Allium cepa L. ALLIACEAE xxx Nech shikurt Allium satlvum L. ALLIACEAE xxx I ~atim Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. SOLANACEAE I xxx i I Shimbera : Clcer arietinum L. FABACEAE xxx ~- 15 km west of Wereta Shaga Gabriel el. 1803 m Gerawa Vernonia amVQdalina Del. ASTERACEAE xx Ach't[anthes aspera L. AMARANTHACEAE xx Enqecha Cvperus fisherianus A. Rich. · CYPERACEAE xxx Wanza Cordia afrlcana Lam. BORAGINACEAE x I----- Sesbania sesban eL.l Merr. FABACEAE xx · Bessana · Croton macrostar:hyus Del. I EUPHORBIACEAE x , Semiza Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex Nees) T. i ACANTHACEAE xx I Anders. Doqma Svzygium guineense(Wilid. )DC. · MYRTACEAE x · Lomi Citrus limon. (L.) Burm.f. RUTACEAE x Grewia ferruginea TILIACEAE x --_ .. Laggera crispata(Vahl) Hepper & Wood ASTERACEAE xx - Gulii Ricinus communis L. EUPHORBIACEAE xx Amekella Hygrophila schulli (Hamilt.) M. R. & S. M. I ACANTHACEAE xxx Almeida. Nicandra eh't,saloides (L.I Gaertn. SOLANACEAE x Serdo Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. · POACEAE xxx · Gorgegit Sida alba MALVACEAE xx Atuch Verbena officinalis VERBENACEAE x Hypoestes triflora (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. ACANTHACEAE x Zehneria scabra (Linn.f.) Sond. CUCU RBITACEAE xx : Nichilo Argemone mexicana L. PAPAVERACEAE xxx Tite Gossyeium hirsutum L. MALVACEAE xx LQezma_ Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forssk.) DC. ASTERACEAE xx · Nechile Heliotropium supinum L. BORAGINACEAE xxx Serk abeba · Senna didymobotrya FABACEAE xxx Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten ASTERACEAE xx "=H ,..--" '--...--.. Acanthus sennii Chiov. ACANTHACEAE Vernonia auriculifera Hiern ASTERACEAE xx Leucas m~rtinicencis(Jacq.) R. Br. LAMIACEAE xx Sefatra Gabriel el. 1804 i Eucal'tJ!Ws tereticornis Smith : MYRTACEAE xxx Hygrophila schulli i ACANTHACEAE xxx Cordia .F. Lam BORAGINACEAE i ~-~ Ficus in gens (Mig.) Miq. MORACEAE x · Serk abeba Senna didymobotrya : FABACEAE xxx Heliotropium supinum L. BORAGINACEAE xx I I Datura stramonium L. i SOLANACEAE xx I Fo~era Plain, area called Mel"lbero, el. 1812 m I Do ma Sy'zygium guineense (Willd.)DC. MYRTACEAE xx i Serk abeba Senna didymobotrya ' FABACEAE xxx · Atse faris Datura stramonium L. SOLANACEAE xx '--' ~ .. - · Nechilo Argemone mexicana L. PAPAVERACEAE xxx · Ye ahiya Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten · ASTERACEAE xx · esoh Dvschoriste naqchana (Nees) Bennet ACANTHACEAE xx ~goro Centella asiatica (L.) Urban APIACEAE xx Abidamo · Euphorbia schifrlperiana Scheele. EUPHORBIACEAE xx Chfreg Sida schime.eriana Hochst. ex A. Rich. MALVACEAE xx · Atuch Verbena officinalis .VERBENACEAE I xx r ya Salix mucronata Thunb. Cynoglossumcoeruleum Hochst. ex A. DC. in SALICACEAE BORAGINACEAE Ellvl!O')llJolJtai auf Socia/Impact Assessment (If about 20.000 /Ja xx x BRts Imgat/wl alld O/alllAge ~ RIDP at Pump (al 5,· raiJa), R,bIJ ,/11(/ AI/gel' Annoxc.s Dille; Page 5-4 Ministry of Water and Energy Local Name Scientific Name Family Relative Abundance DC Plantago lanceolata L. PLANTAGINACEAE x He/otropium supinum L. BORAGINACEAE xx I Crota/aria spinosa Hochst ex Benth. FABACEAE x Aluma Amaranthus spinosus L. AMARANTHACEAE x I Evergreen Scrub Fogera Plain area called Gina, el. 1812 m i Chebeha Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq. MORACEAE x I Wanza Cordia africana Lam. BORAGINACEAE x J Zembaba Phoenix reclinata JacQ. ARECACEAE x , Doqma Syzygiumguineense (Willd.)DC. MYRTACEAE xx I Sessa A/bizia C/ummifera (J.F. Gmel.) C.A. Sm. FABACEAE x Endode Phyto/acca dodecandra L'Herit PHYTOLACCACEAE xx I Bessana Croton macrostachyus Del. EUPHORBIACEAE x i Yenebir Tifer Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. EUPHORBIACEAE x I Debene Acacia abyssinica Hochst ex Benth. FABACEAE x I 5.2 LISTS OF BIRDS IN THE STUDY AREA Annex 5.2.1 Key Birds of Amhara Region Category 1 Globally Threatened species Vulnerable Near Threatened Harwood's Francolin Lesser Flamingo Wattled Crane Black Crowned Crane Greater Spotted Eagle Pallid Harrier Lesser Kestrel Black-tailed Godwit Ankober Serin Great Snipe Rouget's Rail Abyssinian Longclaw Basra Reed Warbler I Category 2 Restricted-range species Ruppell's Chat Sombre Chat Ankober Serin Endemic to Ethiopia Restricted to highland blome Harwood's Francolin Wattled Ibis Spot-breasted Plover Blue-winged Goose Yellow-fronted Parrot Rouget's Rail Abyssinian Woodpecker White-collared Pigeon Abyssinian Longclaw Black-winged Lovebird Abyssinian Catbird Banded Barbet Black-headed Siskin Ruppell's Chat Ankober Serin White-winged Cliff Chat White-backed Black Tit White-billed Starling Abyssinian Black-headed Oriole (Dark-headed Oriole) Thick-billed Raven White-cheeked Turaco Environmental and Socia/Impart Assessment of about 20 000 ha Irngatlon and DrainaQ() at Pump (at Sorata), Rlbb anci Anger Dam B~ - RIDP Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 5-fi Annex 5.2.2 Birds recorded in Shesher and Welela Wetlands Sources are given at the end of the table. X = present but no numbers recorded. Data from Negash Atnafu is the combined total for both wetlands, either before or after the rainy season (whichever seasonal total is higher). 2 3 4 5 - I 6 4 _.. I Acci2itridae IOCCieitaliS Vulture .--~ .. 7 Anseriformes: Anatidae AloDochen Eavotlan Goose 190 1,639 X 1,917 X 2,329 eMS 8~_~nseriformes: Anatidae IAnas acuta I Northern Pintail 485 358 x 842 . __. . . eMS 180 912 X I 1,946 X ·--'l.,250 eMS 227 X 6 L - X 213 X 14 15 231 124 16 I Anseriformes: Anatidae I Anas undulata Yellow-billed 25 18 23 Duck EnvlI'Onrnental and SOCia/Impact Assessment of about 20, 000 ha BRt: Imgation and Omlnage Schemes at Megech Pump (at Semba), Rihb and Anger Oi:lm . RIOP ESIA. Vol. 2. Annexes- ~ Page 5-6 Ministry of Water and Energy 18 19 Anseriformes: Anatidae Anseriformes: Anatidae Dendrocygna viduata Netta White-faced Whistling Duck Southern 65 15 32 X 2 I I 1,440 erythrophthalma Pochard . 20 Anseriformes: Anatidae Plectropterus Spur-winged 12,795 403 56 55 X 659 I X gambensis Goose 21 i Anseriformes: Anatidae Sarkidiornis Knob-billed Duck 15 5 297 5 X CMS 18 58 11 CMS 3 X CMS 1 8 56 2 9 CMS 15 CMS 10 14 10 CMS X CMS .~ s:~:o I ··:-:i~:6' 27 95 54 X 257 CMS pratincola I (Collared) Pratincole 200 80 CMS 15 28 1 X 18 X 58 1 CMS X 20 CMS I --+ CMS backed Gull Larus ridibundus Common Black- CMS ~ EnVllonmofltal and SOGiallmpact Assessment of about 20.000 ha lITIgatIOn ilnd Drainage Scllemos at MegeGh Pump (at Seraba). RilJb and Anger Dam - RIDP ESJA Vol. 2. Annexes B~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 5-7 I I --- 360 357 590 X 475 X 10 1 X - J I 3 CMS 2 -- - I 10 I 2 14 X 2,200 1,656 160 X 521 30 1-: CMS -~ .. ---- I I Temmi:Ck'S Stint ~ X I_~n Calidris 5 18 temminckii +214 Common Snipe 1 3 X 52 CMS ~~-~- African Snipe X 7 9 I I moss limosa Isiack-ta iled 280 1,124 1,244 60 X 463 X NT, eMS 1,465 5,345 3,257 X 8,636 1,700 I CMS -- ~- 1 CMS -- I----- Z-- ----~ 5 X 4 CMS -- - 20 3 5 4 eMS ,-------- - I--- -~ - x 3 50 CMS --~~~- - -- --- Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper 20 46 24 X 33 101 eMS -- - --- Tringa totanua Common 1 CMS Redshank -- 4 X 26 I I I eMS EIIVlIonmenta/ and Social Impact Assessmcmt of alJout 20.000 ha B~ irrigatIOn and Dramage Schemes at Megech Pump (at SeralJa). Ribl) and Anflor Oam - RIDP ESIA: Vol. Annexes ~ Page 5-8 Ministry of Water and Energy 1 141 x 20 x CMS 7 CMS x 45 30 3 7 x 4 x 32 11 1 I I I I I 68 I Ciconiiformes: Cicofliidae intermedia Anastomus lamelligerus Egret Open-billed Stork 5 5 I I I X 69 Ciconiiformes: Ciconia Wool lv-necked I I I I I I 29 CMS Ciconiidae 70 Ciconiiformes: EDhiDDiorvnchus I Saddle-billed - Ciconiidae 71 Ciconiiformes: Leptoptilos Marabou Stork X 1 26 CMS Ciconiidae crunemierus 72 Ciconiiformes: Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed 5 80 11 9 X 6 CMS Ciconiidae Stork 73 Ciconiiformes: Bostrychia Wattled Ibis X 3 34 RHB Threskiornithidae carunculata 74 Ciconiiformes: Bostrychia Hadada Ibis 5 X 2 X 234 Threskiornithidae hagedash PJatalea alba * - 75 Ciconiiformes: African Spoonbill 30 54 143 X 95 X 36'+-o,S EnvlrollfTwnfa/ anci Socia/Impact Assessment of about 20,000 ha ~ Irrigation and Dramage ScJwmes at Megech Pump (at Seraba), Rlbb and Anger Dam ~ RIDP ESIA Vol, 2, Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy 5-9 Sacred Ibis 140 76 73 18 X 149 X 101 eMS Speckled Pigeon X Laughing Dove X Dove I X X X ---------- African Hoopoe X Eurasian Marsh 3 1 3 X 6 5 HClr-rier Pallid Harrier 1 1 1 X 8 NT macrourus ----- -------- Montagu's ---~ Circus pygargus X 41 Harrier African Marsh I --~ Circus ranivorus X Harrier Haliaeetus African Fish- 3 1 4 X 15 65 vocifer Milvus migrans I Black Kite X Falco I Lesser Kestrel X V naumanni 93 Falconiforme~ Pandion-haliatus Osprey 1 X I j i o r l i c j a e _ __ 94 Gruiformes: Gruidae Balearica Black Crowned 145 137 151 70 X 124 X I 1,539 EnVtronmentai and Socia/Impact Assessment of about 20_000 ha BRts Irrigation and Drainage Schemes at Megech Pump (at Seraba)_ Ribb and Anger Dam RIDP ESfA Vol 2, Annexes - ~ Page 510 Ministry of Water and Energy Grus grus I Eurasian (Common) Crane. I 400 slS 91 X X 2,030 X Fulica cristata I Red-knobbed 35 X Coot -- godi Lark X Pied Crow X m Rook X X X X X African Pipit X Plain Pipit X Richard's Pipit X Motacilla aguimp African Pied Waqtail Motacilla alba Pied Wagtail X Motacilla flava Yellow Waotail X X Saxicola rupicola I Common Stone X Euplectes afer I Yellow-crowned X Assessment of about 20.000 l1a ~ Environmental and Social lirigatlon and Drainage Schemes at Pump (at Seraba). RiM and Anger Dam B~ ~~L -RIDP . Vol. 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 5-11 115 Passeriformes: Euplectes Yellow-mantled I I I I I X Ploceidae macrourus Widow Bird 116 Passeriformes: Ploceus Black-headed I I I I I X Ploceidae melanocephalus Weaver 117 T Pelecaniformes: lae Anhinga melanogaster African Darter 1 1 T 3 T 3 I I I I X I I I I 118 Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae Pelican us onocrotalus Great White Pelican I 85 I 372 I 35 75 X 129 X 575 CMS 119 I Pelecaniformes: Pelicanus Pink-backed I 1 I 6 I 1 I I I 1 I I I CMS Peleca nidae rufescens Pelican 120 Peleca niformes: Phalcrocorax Reed or Long- I 5 I 10 I I I X Phalacrocoracidae africanus tailed Cormorant 121 Pelecaniformes: Phalacrocorax Great or Black I 5 I I 81 I I X I I I I CMS Phalacrocoracidae carbo Cormorant 122 Pelecaniformes: Scopus umbretta Hamerkop I I I 3 I I X I I X I 41 Scopidae 123 124 Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopterus minor Phoenicopterus Lesser Flamingo Greater Flamingo T I T I 1 I 600 1 I T I X 1 I 50 T I X 1 I 123 240 I I .· I, CMS CMS Phoenicopteridae ruber 125 Pod ici oedoform es: Tachybaptus Little Grebe 2 25 I I I 19 I I 3 ruficollis 59 52 53 I Number of I I I I 18,309 I I 18,725 individuals E Endemic VU Category 1 Globally threatened species - Vulnerable RHB Restricted to highland biome NT Category 1 Globally threatened species - Near Threatened CMS Listed in the AEWA under the CMS (Bonn Convention) - MOP4, 2008 * African Spoonbill (Platalea alba) may also be placed in the Pelecaniformes; the taxonomy is evolving and disputed. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha B~ lITIgation and oratnagc Schemes at Megech Pump (at SerabaJ. Ribb and Anger Dam - RIDP ES/A Vol. 2. Annexes ~ Page 5-12 Ministry of Water and Energy Sources for columns headed: EWNHS 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007: Francis, I.S. & Shimelis Aynalem. 2007. Bird Surveys around Bahir Dar - Lake Tana IBA, Ethiopia. RSPB/AAU. EWNHS 2008: incomplete scans of Jan. 2008 count lists. Moges 2007: Amera Moges, 2008. Species Composition, Distribution, Relative Abundance and Habitat Association of Avian Fauna in Fogera Plain Wetland, Ethiopia. MSc thesis, Dept. of Biology, AAU. Shimelis Aynalem 2008-2009: Shimelis Aynalem. 2009. Biology and Ecology of Cranes at Lake Tana. Project Report, 2008/2009. Conservation, Education and Eco-tourism Project at Lake Tana. EWNHS / NABU-Crane Conservation Germany. Negash Atnafu 2009-2010: Negash Atnafu. 2010. Assessment of Ecological and Socio-Economic Importance of Fogera Floodplains: the case of Welala and Shesher Wetlands. MSc thesis, Bahir Dar University. Annex S.2.3 Birds recorded in Shesher and Welela Wetlands with Significant % of Global Population Bird species above or near the 1% world population threshold Ramsar criterion recorded in the Fogera plain in January/February 2009. Source: Birdlife / NABU: 2009. Relevance of Lake Tana as potential Ramsar Site. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20,000 ha <@> Imgatlon and Oral/lage Schemes at Megeeh Pump (at Seraba) Ribb and Anger Dam B~ - RIDP ESIA: Vol. 2, Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 5-1:' 5.3 EXTRACTS FROM 2007 IMPORTANT BIRD AREA (IBA) BIRD COUNT Annex 5.3.1: Map showing 2007 IBA Bird Count Sites ! r Lake Tona t' E[ MHS SW"I+r+d" .n.. numkn tift n .. , .!.-. "",.,notIlx . c::=::J ~ I r· 0 I H'!o4IUllf·· ",_1II4o"!· · ,tlo1 . . . . . - , ~~(O"10J0'·.f~""I.1 ~ 'l'llIb. . . . r twtaLi;Jn ''\~e!>L!lpli!lhed aL W;Jrel:J. L;,.! rr;Jm;.;Le rice a!>:J. cr;:!p. AlLh.;Jugh Lhe rice gre~'\ well. there ',l,a!> liLLie m:!.rkd r;Jr iL. :J.!> i;J;:,d mill!> were n;:JL equipped L;:! hu!.k it. I [;.:rwe ...er. rumer!.. h:J. ...e e:tp.nJd -=uiLi ....!lLiun;Jf uLhercr;Jp!>. parti-=ularly shall;JL!> :mJ ;JLher "'egeL!lHec!.. ''\-hi;.:h !lre uLherwi!>e LrdiLi;.;n:J."Y gruwn wiLh YJppkmenL:J.I)· irrigaLi;Jn . · d;;u~ See Ii;JX f;;Tr key !ire..:ies. ThiHiLe is imr·urL!lnL f;Jr a.number gluhlly "r LhreaLened specie!>: Fall:(} .·=awnan'zr anJ Cf'·cll.'i ma!:T~lm1.1. w hidl ;Jccur ;:!Il !lpri ng :J.nJ !lU Lum n mignLiun: (1"11.1 CaqmCII,'atll."i. wh ich i!:o u IlC;.:r m m;J n: !l nd jIlu"}l!.o:icopte'"II."i m i'w" . .." h;J!oe n u mrer!> u;.: LU:J. Le n unpreJicLaply, A !.ur.... ey in \hrch l -})6 f.;JunJ Cia1N.=aR~ media ill Lhe !Mampy gr!l!i!tbnds. !lnJ iL ma)" 3.1!hJ De ex. pa:LeJ ;;0 !luLumn migr:J.tiun when the I1:thL:J.L .."aulJ be more suiLable. The mushe!. :J.re imporL:J.nt r"r waLerbirJs including Gt"JI.1 paronrno. 3.nd G. Rna. and m:J.)" :J.1!hJ be suitable for Sal":}th"w'a I'1I{a and SaJ'othn/f'a ayl"eJi. Fig trees at Lhe site ue p:Jpulu ,,\ith POicepha1u.1 fi'adfro.'1.."i. In adJition. :"1ne !..r.ecies ;Jf Lhe Sudan-Guinea Sa·.. anna biiJme occurs: &:!e Table 3, .., Fil:-a '!ill ~'1'" ~e"t:-aplerus '111'1,:]' Crus :-.?r~'1 ~!JI.?I!J.i (tr::US ~:-'.:I !.I' US · 01.1;,.: lhn.:d.'.t':l" t.:U.·L'FUI.'If' I ( \\ddl'lL' :-"';Jne kn;Jwn LV BirdLire InLernaLion al. The m!J.r!lhe!l ha.... e decreased in eXLent Jue L:.:: Jrain!l.ge and the recenL ~p!l.n!li;.1n "r !oe:J.~mt.l culLi.,:ali-;m. The f;.n<:"-!ll p!l.Lches !l.re !oe'.erdy imp:J.dd Py hea·..)" hum!ln use. L;Jnl r:.trmen.,;,n!liJer Lhe '.n Leri:-i rJ!> I;j r.e p, :.tnd will U!oe any me:J.n!l L;J lry :J.Ild eradi;,:aLe Lhem. This n::gil.ti·..e aLtiLude t;.w. !l.rJ!> rird.!> in genend. :.tnd in parLiculur ,ram!"!i :mJ g~!>e, !oLem!. rr;;m Lheir link!.. .'" iLh cr;;p d:J.m:!ge: Cinu ,linls i.::J.n !:trip fielJ!> ;;1' ripe ',\ ill !..:'!oLem:J.Lic:J.lly ,r;;p lieiJ!> :.::f !>pr::ruting cereal!>. r:J.rmer!> :J.I!I-:.J rdie ...:: Lh:tL rird JrGPping!> f;:!ul their W !l.Ler !>u r-r I:' . Environmental and Social Assess!))!]!:! of about 20 000 lia B~ ftllyatlon a!Jd Orainage SclJernes a/ -RIDP PUnJ{? (Ai Sera!)a) .Rlbh 0 11 (1 Af/5)(?! DArn Page 5·16 Ministry of Water and Energy Annex 5.3.2: Description of Bahir-Dar-Lake Tana IBA Source: Fishpoot & Evans (2001) .'" I. A] :..61.)1,. A4iii Unpro1ecled · Srll: lh~~v 1--'1.11:11 L!.k~ T:!.na is in Lh~ ni.:rLh-\H~st C;Jrn~r Jr th~ Ethi;.::pian plat~:!.u. "':.?5,:) km n;.'rth -\\esL ;Jf AdJis AI:-d'a. Th~ Li!.k~ i.!it th~ larsest in Ethi:.:pia. b-ein£ ·;;.6~ km ~\ ide unJ n km I~n£. I:-ut ;;nly i!. max.imum i.:f 14 m d~p. Th~re are.~ '\' i.!>l:!-n;h in tht' Lake. man;' i.:r Lht'm !lite!> f.;,'r un...:it'nl ,hur::h~.!> and m;Jna.!ll~ries, l:!therb .!.upfS!rtins larg~ c"1 1..mie!> ;,.{ bird.!i. Bahir fhr. tht'capital:::r Amhl.l.ra Resi;.:!n. is ;)n the '!'uuthern . sn:.Jfle Dr the lake \\ here tht' Abt-a .... Blu~ ~ile'l ri·..er fliJw.!i iJUt. Th~ ' lake Tanll.t-,u;in has a cu.t...:hment llf ISo'.:.UXHJ km 1. It i!o fed by :,:·..er 6'j ri"'ers Ithe maj\Jr iJn~ llre the Gil!:'el At-t-ay. ,"1eS:ch. Gumara unJ RjbJ anJ streams fi;.:!'1\ ins fr\Jm the Simcn mIJuntl!.ins til the north. the I!l.r~e cenLnil plaleau tc the e:ust anJ the k:~ntl~r .!i1i1ping land tc the west. The \'urii!.lill n in annual or. aler-h~·.. eI is Co 1.6 m. The m~icr hat-itats ariJunJ Lake Tana are fannlanJ. grll.!.slanJ, fc~l. r;)\:ky IHell.!., marsh. r::-eJb:!,J.s !!nJ the lake il!idf. Water retention is high. making the area pr>.:lne tll inundati;;n. The Bahir Dar area i.!it particularly well kn;.:!wn f;)r ~il crups il. nJ C!1rtlw.mll..f tir:.ctDrill.'i. The nat l!!.nJ, p!IIlicularly or. here wllter lies in the rain)- St!'aSi.'n, i!>SnL!oblll.nJ with a mixLure i1f paLtLable inJisencu.!it £r!1!l~'" and I~sum~!o. The mar... hes supperl a "':!-riet}' CIt' £r~s, ~J!:~!o anJ diml·'cn. The: mixed f.:Jre!ll.!i~\Jmpri.!itt' rig!l. . ;..),=.lgiun: r guf~~ee,r..!e. C~rdi!1 alriC'atw . .-fl'br=t!2 .spp .. Prur.UJ af"ic!1n.a and the enJemic Jfil'.'e-ui!1 ferl'uRcrzea :l.sc.::mmun tre-~!>, i!. \,dl-J~'.. e-k::pe-J !ohrul:' I:!.}'~r anJ "" ;;~J}' diml:-e:r.!it. }[u~ fig.!it. Field r!1~ta. are i!.1&;: f;JunJ :l.b i!.;.'labeJ Lr~.!I in fannlanJ anJ ~n lh~ lake sh;:re, The Zeg:!' pe-nimul!!. ill h;Jme L;: !I. Jl.!>LincLi'''':! c.:lrf~ \" :l.rid}'l haL £ r;.; \u in the !>huJe ;; r Acacia Environmental and SOCIal Impact Assessment of about 20. 00.0. ha Inigatlfin and Drainage Schemes al Megech Pump (at Selaba) Ribl] and Angel Dam PlOP ES/A Vol. 2. Annexes - seX')(I1,\j , V/S3 dOICi ~8 11<00 H)tiLlIj pUt! WN:1 (eqlJHlS lei dWrld )e sawaLps 96BW8JO pUP 1I0Ile6/,i1/ ~ 811 OOOOe Jlloqe jO iuawssesslj nedWI jelJos pue /Biu9WUOJJIIU;;Y 'T:UT:,! ;:'171 .I:: 1";: 'tl, ::ql .-:1 i:;:J-;: ~lIl W::JJ U \'14~Ul ;:Ji! ~.!~i.i.!:~rD ~1:I:;j.!,·l·.t) rut: l&li:4':CJi.t~:; s;;pe.:;J.j lll:!-l rUT: 'Ji:(J JLIT:ff U! <;1;:l,~ll J;:!:1Ji:1 ;!lll.l'~ <;run:!J:1 ;!l!1 UI :1U!rnFU! ';:'1T:1 ;:lll r un :: n <;:1!.1 ;::1Ji:1 ;:lll U! <;l<;;:U }.'.' "';"": ~;I~i.i,ib';.;:~.I;;.) 'U ::ww:~ :\tJ!i!J <;! II ~ !ll 'l', · ~,' ;,!il{;} ,'Lt 'f; ,I;.!: 1''''; :d:;JJ'V1 ru 1: . ;U~! 'i7: ~~.~ .I . . ~ J;: ~w n U 7: U:: r;q J ~-: j;; J U;: ~ 4 ~ I: II ll~ !li 'I.', · J.~ J~tA ~i.(!I;'!.~ ~.! ~f.!.1 'C ,I;j ,\. ;:rnFU! l<;;:J;:l 11 ! .I.": c;;:!::;:J<; J;:lIlO 'f ;:1-1T:1 ;:;:l<; : r;:p::~;:J u;:;:-l ;: ... T:ll c;;:!::;: J'i ;: w."!! -l "U u" ,',,, 5 ,,;: u!n ')-Ui; r n 5 :: \',1 . U;:! 1! r Fi: II r . the admini!ltrauve centre f;:!r the regBm and h!l.!I !I. large !>tudent p;Jpulati\Jn. lhere i!> a great need and ~pF'~rtunity r~r roth f-:Jrmal and inf;Jrmal environmenlal edu;:ali;m: the Ihhir Dar Teacher'!> C~llege den:bped ll.n En...ironmental ll.nd Family Life EJuc:J.li-:Jn Centre in recognitkJn -:Jf thi!. need. Au c~n!lequem:e af the gowing human PUPUI:ilion. the impmlant area ~r f.~resl un the Zege peninsul:J. is f:iSl being des.troyed. Bahir Dar gets &a me or it!. fud'il.'aod rr,~m this r~re!.L. but mare is. n~w being bruught frum :J.re:J.!. further :J.1.ny lo the west of Lake T:J.n:.t. Thi& 'imF'Orted' wo~d is bruught to Ze~"e and sent to Bll.hir Dar an ·tank'il.-:l.&'. S-:J fll.r. there is lillie use ~f agrochemic:J.ls. so the lake rem:J.ins free of s.uch c~ntaminatio n. I [owe'fer. there is a growing industrial sector in Bahir Dar that use!> w:J.ter from the Abba)' ri ....er and return!. the !>pent water ta the S!l.me &aurce. It is hoped thll.t the g-:J'..ernment will be able t~ get facl~ry \Jwners l;.:J .;:~nlrallhe qu:J.litY;Jf the effluent from their plants. bef~re indus.trial pl.J!lutiun be-cume" a s.eria us issue. Fumer!> persecute the I:;r;.:I!> tht dam:.tge their Cf;JP!>. in puLicular the .;:ranes anJ geese. · f lJ " 1,1' l" .. l' Ii t: 11' I-: Eh.gl:~; .I:'.,; E!I:.gtCi (1992). J .JP.Jr.. [!".:.zI~.Jti,,:.r...Jl C.:>.:'p'~r .J:i.)r.. Agc:c..::,:J(CA:, :19':''':. Em'ironmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20,000 I)a IllIga/101l and Olainage Schemes a/ MegecIJ Pump (at Seraba), ,Ribb and Anger Dam - RIDP ESIA Vol. 2 Annexes· Ministry of Water and Energy Paye 5-19 5.4 LIST OF MAMMALS IN THE STUDY AREA Animals potentially present in the Fogera Plain and adjacent hills Common Name Scientific Name Local Name Aardvark Orycteroous afer Aardwolf Proteles cristatus African Civet Civettictis civetta Tirign African Rock Python Python sebae Bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus Dikula Crested Porcupine Hvstrix cristata Jart Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia Midakua ~enet Genetta sp. Shelemetmat , Jackal Canis mesomelas Kebero Nile Monitor Varanus niloticus Arjano Olive Baboon PaOlo anubis Tera zinjero Serval Felis serval Aner Spotted Hyaena Crocuta crocuta Tera jib -- Vervet Monkey Cercopithecus aethiops Tera tota Enttironrnontr:{ and SOC"(1f Impact Assessrncnt of alJout 20 000 IJa BR~ Irrigation ;:'Jno D:amaqe SCiIolne,.; ('; Pi)nJp (at SerafJaL Rit,() Anc! Anger 05,11) mDP Vol 2. Annexes· Ministry of Water and Energy 6. Annex 6 - Fisheries Data 6.1 RIBB RIVER TRIBUTARIES AND WET SEASON SAMPLING SITES In the following table tributaries which have been sampled for fish are shown in Bold. The sampling was done by in 2007 by Abebe Getahun et al. (2008). Name of Tributary Length Position in relation to Ribb Dam (km) Shekura Minch 3 Above Gula Kuskuam Minch 1.5 Above Lam Metecha-Hamus Wenze 10.5 Above Hamus Wanz 11 Above Melo 16.5 Above Selamko 8 Above Wayibla 9 Above Kerbite 7.5 Above Kzefin Selamiko 6.5 Above Mehre 24.5 Above Barya Below Chibirna Below ~ni Below Kirarign Below Keha Below Source: Consultant 6.2 RIBB RIVER TRIBUTARIES: CHARACTERISATION Source: Consultant · Hamus River: N12° 00'26.1" and E 38° 01'16.6". The Hamus River is the largest tributary of the Ribb. It is perennial, and joins the Ribb River from the north (the Ebenat Woreda side). During the wet season sampling months, the river was flowing about 6-8 m wide and 1.5-2 m deep. In August, it was as turbid as the main Ribb channel, but in September and October the water was very clear. The river bed has pebbles and gravels at its mouth. In its upper reaches the Hamus River passes through mountainous and highly dissected land; at its confluence with the Ribb there is no vegetation cover. · Melo River: N 12° 02'32" and E 38° 02'45.5". Te Melo River is a small temporary tributary stream which joins the Ribb River on the southern, Farta Woreda side. It was about 3 m wide and 0.5 m deep during the rainy season, and was less turbid than the main Ribb River. At its confluence with the Ribb, the bottom is gravel bedded. Like the Hamus River, the Melo is not shaded with riparian vegetation or macrophytes. The water of the Melo River is slow flowing. Barya River: N 12° 02'54.4" and E 37° 59'49.0". This is a small tributary river of the main Ribb and flows, although in small quantity, throughout the year. There is farmland on both banks and the riparian vegetation has disappeared, except at some incised areas where cultivation is difficult and some herbs are present. Em'i rof1r?le')[rll and SOCIal AS5eSSIP0nl of al)olll 20 000 flo ("lgi:1hv? 8 1 icf Oi;;i/iaqe Schef1les sf PU'li[J (81 SeralJa) F:;;II)[1 aile! Angol Dam -RIOP Vo! 2 AnI/exes Page 6-2 Ministry of Water and Energy · Chibirna River: N12° 04'30.8" and E 37° 44'4.7"; Elevation 1836 m. This is a seasonal tributary of the Ribb River located between Addis Zemen and Yifag on the western side of the road between Bahir Dar and Gonder. It is one of the major contributors to flooding on the north side of the river. · Shini River: N 12° 05'42.7" and E 037 0 45'36.5"; Elevation 1869 m. The Shini and Chibirna originate in widely separated localities, eventually joining in the floodplain on the north side of the Ribb where they make a large contribution to flooding. They outfall into the Ribb in the rainy season. · Kirarign River: N 120 02'04.8" and E 37° 47'32.2"; Elevation 1801 m. This stream is 2-5 m wide, with pools up to 1.5 m in depth in the channel and at the river mouth (the place where the tributary joins the main Ribb channel). The river is muddy in the floodplain. Further upstream the river bed is composed of cobbles and gravel. Vegetation (ground cover) is quite scarce and there is farmland all around. · Keha River: N 12° 02'07.4" and E 037° 56'45.4"; Elevation 1836 m. This is about 3-5 m wide, with pools up to 2 m deep. The river mouth is muddy, whereas further upstream the riverbed is composed of gravels. 6.3 FISH SAMPLING SITES, RIBB RIVER (DRY SEASON: FEB. 2009) In Feb. 2009 fish were caught using gill nets of various mesh sizes (6, 8, 10 and 12 cm), beach seines and cast nets at three locations on the Ribb River. Source: Consultant 6.4 FISH DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE, RIBB RIVER (DRY SEASON: FEB. 2009) Sampling Site Gear Species No. of Specimens Road bridge Beach seine 8arbus humilis 123 near Wereta Oreochromis niloticus 4 Cast net C/arias gariepinus 2 Monofilament C/arias gariepinus 2 Labeobarbus brevicephalus 4 Labeobarbus intermedius 2 Labeobarbus tsanensis 2 Oreochromis niloticus 2 Gill net Clarias gariepinus 3 Labeobarbus intermedius 1 Labeobarbus crassibarbis 1 Oreochromis niloticus 1 Below old Italian Beach seine Labeobarbus juveniles 789 bridge Gill net Varicorhinus beso 4 Clarias gariepinus 3 Labeobarbus intermedius 1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessmenl of about 20000 ha !rngallOIl and Drainage Schemes at MegeclJ Pump (at Serabaj .Rib!) and AngL': Oilf'} - RIDP ESIA.. Voi 2. AIlIJ(:xes BRL: Ministry of Water and Energy Page 6-3 Sampling Site Gear Species No. of Specimens Clarias gariepinus 8 Labeobarbus nedgia 1 Monofilament Clarias gariepinus 1 Labeobarbus intermedius 5 Labeobarbus nedgia 1 Dam site Beach seine Labeobarbus juveniles 269 Garra sp. 2 Monofilament Clarias gariepinus 1 Labeobarbus brevicephalus 1 Labeobarbus gorgorensis 1 Labeobarbus intermedius 12 Labeobarbus nedgia 3 ~ochromis niloticus 3 Varicorhinus beso 1 Hybrid (Labeobarbus X 1 Varicorhinus) Gill net Labeobarbus nedgia 1 Hook and line Clar/as gariepinus 3 Total 1,258 Source: Consultant 6.5 FISH SPECIES FOUND IN RISS RIVER (WET SEASON, 2007) Source: Abebe Getahun et al. (2008) Env:rollmental and Social Impact Assessrnenl of about 20.000 fla BRV and Dr3r n age Schemes at RIOP Pump (at Se!alJa l R,lll] :3'yl Angel Page 6-4 Ministry of Water and Energy 6.6 FISH SPECIES FOUND IN RIBB RIVER (DRY SEASON, FEB. 2009) Family Species No. of Composition Specimens (%) Cyprinidae 8arbus humilis 123 9.78 Garra dembecha 2 0.16 Labeobarbus brevicephalus 5 0.40 Labeobarbus crassibarbis 1 0.08 Labeobarbus gorgorensis 1 0.08 Labeobarbus intermedius 21 1.67 Labeobarbus nedgia 6 0.48 Labeobarbus tsanensis 2 0.16 Labeobarbus juveniles 1058 84.10 Varicorhinus beso 5 0.40 Hybrid (Varicorhinus X Labeobarbus) 1 0.08 Clariidae Clarias gariepinus 23 1.83 Cichlidae Oreochromis niloticus 10 0.79 Total 1258 Source: Consultant 6.7 RIBB RIVER: ABUNDANCE OF SPECIES FROM ALL SAMPLING SITES Species Number of specimens 0/0 Composition L. intermedius 775 31.54 L. brevicephalus 616 25.07 L. megastoma 228 9.28 L. truttiformis 156 6.35 O. niloticus 147 5.98 C. gariepinus 138 5.62 V. besso 103 4.19 L. gorgorensis 78 3.17 L. tsanensis 62 2.52 L. nedgia 59 2.40 L. platydorsus 57 2.32 L. surkis 1Q 0.42 G. dembeensis 10 0.41 L. acutirostriS 9 0.37 L. deCleni 5 0.20 L. crassibarbis 2 0.08 L. longissimus 1 0.04 L. macropthalmus 1 0.04 Total 2457 100 Source: Abebe Getahun et al. 2008 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha IrngAtIO" and Dramage Schemes a/ - RIDP Pump (at Seraba) Rrbb and Anger Dam Vol 2. Annexes· B~ Ministry of Water and Energy PRge 6-5 6.8 LAKE TANA: COMPOSITION OF LABEOBARBUS SPECIES IN LAKE CATCH Species Contribution (%) L. intermedius 28.6 L. tsanensis 24.7 L. brevicephaJus 18.2 L. truttiformis 4.9 L. acutirostris 4.5 L. megastoma 4.0 L. pJatydorsus 3.6 L. surkis 2.9 L. crassibarbis 2.2 L. macropthalmus 1.6 L. gorqorensis 1.5 ~~ nedgia 1.3 L. daine/lii 0.8 L. longissimus 0.8 L. gorguari 0.3 Source: Abebe Getahun et al. (2008) 6.9 RAw DATA ON MATURITY OF FISH SPECIES CAUGHT DURING FIELD SURVEY (JANUARy-FEBRUARY 2009) Ribb River: road bridge near Wereta Ribb River: below old Italian bridge Ribb River at dam site f---"'::.....;;l..=:..=-'-~"-------+---+--'''-+----l---t-......:;:-+-------, tel: +33-553-531822 Health Assistant: Solomon Kibret Malaria Researcher and Health Research Coordinator, International Water Management Institute, Addis Ababa Email: , tel: 0911-652-978 ESIA Team Leader, responsible for report editing: James Ramsay Environmental Specialist, BRU, France Email: , tel: 0910-196-376 7. 1 .2 Background Two irrigation and drainage schemes are proposed on the floodplain surrounding Lake Tana, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. These schemes aim to transform the existing largely subsistence agricultural systems into commercial smallholder farming. The two areas are similar in terms of environmental, social and health conditions, and can be considered together in terms of health assessment.. The proposed irrigation schemes will alter the environment, primarily as a consequence of supplying water to the land during the dry season and thereby improving conditions for some diseases and their vectors. In addition, the new agricultural practices will lead to increased contact between human beings and water or wet soils. Such changes can affect human health (see, e.g., Keiser et al. 2005). At the same time, the economic and social benefits which the schemes are intended to bring are likely to be associated with significant improvements in health conditions. Environmental and SOCia/Impact Assessment of about 20 000 kJ Irngation and Drailmge Schemes at . RIOP Pump (at SeraIJa). {':08 Page 7-26 Ministry of Water and Energy 7.3 PRELIMINARY IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7.3.1 Overview The two irrigation projects have the goal of developing family farms and transitioning them from subsistence and food security concerns to intensified production, cash cropping and market-oriented farming. They will be implemented in two flat areas of heavy clay soils. Land use appears already at its maximum - the command areas are fully cultivated and do not show evidence of fallow land. More intense and consistent production will be obtained through the reliable regular availability of irrigation water and two or more harvests each year. The projects will not transform dry or wild environments into wet, cultivated areas, instead they will affect land which is already cultivated and flooded for a large part of the year. Consequently: · No major ecological changes are expected that would significantly change the pressure of environmental pathogens (but see Sections on malaria, schistosomiasis and intestinal helminths below). Construction of the Irrigation schemes will be largely mechanised, with relatively low numbers of workers. For example, at present the Rlbb Dam construction site accommodates less than 100 workers. During operation, neither irrigation scheme will result in an Influx of people to the command areas - these already have very high population densities. All these factors are decisive for the evolution of human health. Therefore: · No major health effects are expected as a result of in-migration during either construction or operation of the two schemes (but see Sections on STls and HIV/AIDS during construction, and urinary schistosomiasis during operation, below). The population affected by health risks associated with the project and other changes in health conditions, including improvements, will be (i) construction workers and those local residents directly affected by construction, and (Ii) all local residents in the command areas ("project beneficiaries"). Within these broad categories particular groups are at risk from or will be affected by particular health issues. For example, during land reorganisation widows and members of female-headed households will be most at risk from stress due to their marginal social position and therefore fear of losing control of land resources; during construction unskilled workers will be most at risk from occupational health and safety hazards, together with local children; during project operation farmers and other field workers will be most at risk from pesticides; diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis and trachoma will continue to affect the entire local population. Project health benefits will also vary, in accordance with the economic improvements achieved be each family. Therefore: · The increased health risks due to the project are limited, but the existing high level of health hazards and associated morbidity indicate that health interventions are essential to ensure that the project's economic and social objectives are reached. Foreseeable changes in disease patterns associated with project implementation are noted in the following sections, by project phase - firstly Construction, secondly Operation. Health Impact issues are summarised in Table 7-5, which presents the issues according to a standard categorisation of environmental health areas. EnVironmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha Illigalion and Oraillage Schemes a/ Megech Pump (at Seraba) Ribb and Angel Dam RIOP ESIA Vol 2. Annexes B~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7-21 Table 7-5: Summary of Foreseeable Health Impact Issues associated with Project Construction and Operation Environmental Health Area Population Innux (camp followers, job- Resettlement, Relocation Water Management linear Features (roads, canals, drains I Hazardous Materials Control Changes in Income & Expenditure I Infrastructure, Facilities Respiratory & Housing X X X I X oonoses Medicine; 1 I + STDs. HIVIAIDS + I _~I " " "'. ,<1 ~ & X X l Food & Nutrition + I + + Accidents & Injuries X X X X X + + I X X X + I i I + X X X I X o High Risk Potential 8 Medium Risk Potential D Low Risk Potential Source of matrix: p22 of [FC (2009): Introduction to Health Impact Assessment. Int. Finance Corporation, Washington, DC. EnVironmental and Soclillimpaci Assessment of about 20.000 ha SRt: Imqation and Drainage Schemes at Megech Pump (at Seraha). Rihb and Anger Dam RIDP ESIA Vol 2. Annoxes - ~ Page 7-28 Ministry of Water and Energy 7.3.2 Predicted Health Impacts during Construction 7.3.2.1 Health, Safety and Disease Issues Standards of occupational health and safety on construction projects in Ethiopia tend to be low and well below best international standards. For example, some 30 deaths have been reported in the Ethiopian media from construction of GUgel-Gibe II, a large hydropower project with extensive difficult tunnelling l l . Typically, construction injuries result from unsafe working practices, often associated with lack of training, attitudinal issues, and old or faulty equipment. Related factors are (i) the availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and (ii) emergency procedures, including the provision of first aid and rapid casualty evacuation to adequate hospital facilities. During construction, occupational health issues may arise from exposure to excessive and harmful nOise, dust, vibration and toxic substances (e.g. solvents). Health and safety issues also occur at quarries and borrow pits as well as the construction sites themselves, and at camps, and during processes such as working over water. Disease issues may arise during construction as a result of environmental modification (e.g. undrained pools of water becoming breeding sites for disease vectors such as mosquitoes), from worker interaction (e.g. TB transmission) and through improper food safety or hygiene practices. In addition to work on-site, a major contributor to construction-related accidents is construction traffic; this may affect both construction workers and the public. Construction traffic may include senior staff in modern 4WD vehicles driven at excessive speeds, workers in the back of pick-up trucks liable to severe injury in the case of collisions or roll-overs, and heavy vehicles (trucks), often paid per load and therefore with an incentive to drive fast. Further risks arise due to the lack of vehicle and speed awareness of the resident population, especially small children and large livestock (cattle and donkeys). · Unless health and safety issues are prioritised, it is highly likely that construction of the two projects will result in avoidable injuries and health impacts. 7.3.2.2 STIs including HIV/AIDS Sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS are obviously not linked to the environment but to human behaviour. Social changes can favour the transmission of these pathogens. All around the world, including in Africa, large infrastructure projects are closely associated with risky behaviour due to the combination of single men with cash away from home, and a very poor local population in which women have low educational levels and status. Construction of the two irrigation projects (as well as the Ribb and Megech Dams) will require a significant number of workers from outSide the immediate area, even though much of the earthwork activity is mechanised. Some of the workers will live in purpose-built staff accommodation (camps), with unskilled workers typically drawn from the locality and returning home at night. It is inevitable that this temporary influx of paid male labour (including higher levels of staff) will encourage prostitution. · ConSidering the consequences of STIs, especiallv HIV/ AIDS, this is a highly significant potential impact, requiring appropriate mitigation during the construction phase. 11 Muluken Yewondwossen. 2009. Gibe II completed for 373 million Euros and 30 lives. Article in Capital, Vol. 11 No. 543, Sunday, May 10 2009. Env!ronmental and Socia/Impact Assessment of about 20.000112 fll'galloo ali(I Orainage SciJemes at Megecil Pump (at SO"l/Ji3) Ribl) a!1d Anger Dam - RIOlO ESIA Va! 2 A!lnexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 12.0 7.3.3 Predicted Health Impacts during Operation 7.3.3.1 Malaria Improved land drainage and a reduction in flooding brought about by flood protection works will probably reduce but not interrupt the production of Anopheles at the end of the wet season and at the beginning of the dry season. This will reduce the malaria attack peak at this time of the year. Instead, the malaria transmission pattern is likely to change, with attacks throughout the year at a low but permanent level. This pattern would not be an improvement of the situation, but also not a significant worsening. Note that in the Fogera plain the recent development of informal dry-season irrigation may have st?rted to change malaria patterns. With respect to the lethality of the disease (deaths amongst those infected), permanent malaria is less dangerous than short, intense seasonal transmission. However: · With respect to morbidity (non-lethal health impacts), permanent (year-round) malaria has a very high impact on human health, especially for children. The predicted situation could be changed by if extensive prevention measures (use of bed nets) and treatment (fast access to diagnosis and efficient drugs) are implemented. 7.3.3.2 Intestinal Schistosomiasis The increase in contact between humans and still or stagnant water will probably lead to a more intense transmission of S. mansoni. These contacts will be most frequent at the level of the tertiary canals and during the distribution of water onto plots. The new, permanent water bodies (canals and drains) may be favourable snail habitat and create a snail outbreak; if the snails are infected with Schistosoma, transmission could increase significantly. The parasites are already present in both command areas. Consequently: · Increased transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis is the most important risk to public health during project operation. Risk reduction can be achieved by breaking the parasites' lifecycle at the stage from human beings to snails, but this would require major behavioural changes throughout the local population. 7.3.3.3 Urinary Schistosomiasis At present, urinary schistosomiasis is not reported in the proposed irrigation areas. Despite Bulinus snails being present in some ponds or puddles, the particular strain of snails and maybe also the environmental conditions do not allow the development of S. haematobium. However, changes in the environment, particularly the presence of slow running water during the warm and dry season, could lead to the appearance of new strains of Bulinus receptive to S. haematobium. Thus: · The outbreak of urinary schistosomiasis in the population living and/or working in the command areas is unlikely but possible. 7.3.3.4 Soil-related Intestinal Helminths Soil-related helminth larvae use wet soils and plants for an obligatory part of their lifecycle. The presence of permanently moist soils year-round and farming activities in the irrigated plots will increase the probability of human infection by hookworms through the skin of feet and legs. The transmission of Ascaris and other helminths will increase if contaminated vegetables are eaten without cooking (for example, raw vegetable such as salads or tomatoes), but at present these are not traditional foods. In summary: · Risks of infection by soil-related intestinal helminths will increase as a result project implementation. EnVIfO!H1Iental and SOCfAllolpar:t AsscssrnofJt of about 20.000 ha BR~ i'l,gation and Drainage Scheme" at mDP Pump (al Seraba) Rih/) and /\n9(,1 Daln 'Vol 2 AnNixe;, Page 7-30 Ministry of Water and Energy As with the two forms of schistosomiasis, a sustainable reduction of transmission can be achieved by interruption of the parasites' lifecycle at the stage from human beings to the external environment. 7.3.3.5 Visceral Leishmaniasis The sandfly vector is present around both command areas in dry, rocky habitats with bushes. It does not favour wet, cultivated farmland, so: · Operation of the two irrigation projects should not lead to an increase of numbers of the vector or in Leishmania transmission. VL is likely to continue with its existing pattern, including the endemic situation in the Ribb PCA. Improvements in the health status of individuals will reduce their susceptibility to the disease. There is concern that VL will continue to be introduced to the area by migrant workers returning from lower elevations in Ethiopia. 7.3.3.6 Dracunculiasis Irrigated areas are not favourable places for dracunculiasis transmission. Cope pods are present but not the other elements of the parasite's lifecycle; human beings are not carriers of the parasites, and usually humans do not usually use irrigation water as drinking water. However, the future situation with respect to drinking water in the command area is unclear. · An increase in risk of dracunculiasis is unlikely. 7.3.3.7 Other Vector-borne Diseases Yellow fever and Dengue: mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, the vectors of yellow fever and dengue virus, do not use canals or puddles as breeding places. The larvae need small natural or man-made containers of clean water for their development. The irrigation schemes could lead to an outbreak of these diseases only if places for the larvae - for example, abandoned tyres or empty cans - are present. At present the very low level of money income of the peasants and consequently their low consumption of manufactured products does not favour such waste close to homesteads since such resources are re- used or recycled rather than dumped. · The increased use of containers associated with increased incomes may increase the risk of both these diseases. Human African Trypanosomiasis: the sleeping sickness vectors, tsetse flies, are not present on the Ethiopian plateau (biting flies, mostly of the genus Stomoxys, are present everywhere in the command areas but are only vectors for bovine trypanosomiasis, not the human form of the disease). The local changes in the environment of the command areas caused by irrigation and drainage will not create favourable habitat for the reproduction of these flies, which need crumbly soils, high and dense vegetation, and high temperatures. · The project will not result in the introduction or spread of sleeping sickness. Onchocerciasis: this disease is not reported from the Ethiopian plateau despite many natural streams with fast-running water. The blackfly vectors are not present. The slowly flowing water in the irrigation canals will not be favourable habitat for the larvae. The water in the Ribb (and Megech) reservoir is also unlikely to be a favourable habitat due to slow flow conditions, low temperatures and lack of organic constituents. The probability of blackflies swarming is near zero. · The project is unlikely to cause any increase in risk of onchocerciasis. EI'vironmf3ntal and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 l7a Irrigation and Drainage Sc/wmes at Megec/l Pump (at SelaiJaj Rib/) and Anger Dam . RIDP ESIA Vol. 2. AnllE:xes . Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7-31 7.3.3.8 Waterborne Diseases Diarrhoeas: at present these are frequently observed in the poor rural population living in the command areas. Irrigation of fresh produce with water contaminated by Escherichia coli bacteria could cause illness if the vegetables are not washed in clean water or cooked before consumption. · The presence of more water during a longer period of the year as a result of irrigation is unlikely to cause any change in the incidence of diarrhoeas. · Contamination of fresh produce with E. coli is possible if the irrigation water is contaminated before use. The incidence will only increase or decrease as a result of changes in the general level of sanitation, especially access to safe water for drinking and cooking, personal hygiene, the management of faeces and the storage and preparation of food. Poliomyelitis: this is present in some parts of Ethiopia but at a very low level. Control of the disease is carried out by mass vaccination. The Ethiopian public health system is effective in undertaking large, repeated vaccination campaigns. · Because there is no relation between the rate of transmission of poliomyelitis and the quantity of water in farmland, there should be no change in poliomyelitis as a result of the project. Hepatitis A: as with potio, this disease is not related to the quantity of water in the environment. Its incidence will decrease only with large and repeated mass campaigns of vaccination, together with better domestic water supplies, sanitation practices, hygiene and food preparation. · The project, by itself, should not change the incidence of hepatitis A in the local population. 7.3.3.9 Other Diseases and Health Problems Trachoma: this results from Chlamydia transmission by flies and dirty hands; its incidence will not be directly altered by operation of the irrigation and drainage schemes. The incidence of trachoma will decrease if contacts between human beings and flies are reduced, and if general hygiene standards improve, including use of latrines. The use of stables for livestock could contribute to fly reduction, but it is not realistic to expect this under the conditions of the project areas. However, the projects are likely to alter livestock husbandry practices and numbers through reducing the area available for grazing and fodder production, and by mechanisation. Over the longer term this might contribute towards reduced fly numbers, but: · No early reductions in trachoma incidence should be expected. Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI): these are largely a consequence of bad housing conditions, cool temperatures, the frequent presence of smoke in houses, and the lack of warm clothes. · The irrigation projects will not, by themselves, reduce the incidence of ARTI. Reduced ARTI will only be achieved through the improved living conditions associated with higher incomes, better education, and improved health services which, hopefully, will result from the projects. Pulmonary tuberculosis: the same environmental conditions that favour ART! (poor housing, cool temperatures, smoke, inadequate clothing), human behaviour, and also the presence of AIDS, favour the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis. The prevention of new cases of TB requires fast diagnosis and efficient treatment, both of the sick persons and of asymptomatic carriers of the tuberculosis bacteria. .· The project, by itself, will not change the incidence of TB. Reduced TB will only be achieved through the improved living conditions associated with higher incomes, better education, and improved health services which, hopefully, will result from the projects. EnV/'Dllrnenfa' 2nd S()(,'nlllnr>6ct Assessment (Jf about 20,000 ha BRI.,; 1!f'lgaJion and Dr(JlI)agc Scherncs al . PlOP Purnp ;at S0181)6), Ribb (3Jnd Anger OAn1 AI'!,fX(·S· Page 7-32 Ministry of Water and Energy STIs and HIV/AIDS: as noted under Construction (7.3.2.1 above), sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS are not linked to the environment but to human behaviour. The consequences of operation of the two schemes for sexual behaviour of the population are hard to predict. However, improved general education and specific awareness of STI and HIV/AIDS prevention techniques can both be expected to improve, in line with a general increase in living standards. A particular hazard will result from the increased economic activity generated by the schemes, specifically the growth of market centres on main roads with their associated bars and prostitution. · Of particular importance for sexual disease prevention is the degree to which women are empowered by the two development projects. Zoonoses: the project is intended to improve standards of livestock husbandry including animal health. Therefore: · The incidence of some zoonoses is expected to decline, in line with improvements in standards of animal health and general hygiene. Malnutrition: In some irrigation projects elsewhere in Africa an increase of chronic or acute malnutrition of infants, children or adolescents has been observed after starting irrigated cropping (Brun 1991; Mwadime et al. 1996). This is due to the wish to maximise incomes through growing and selling cash crops and giving up traditional crops, and also to difficulties in the management of farm budgets, and un-manageable increases in labour demands. Overall: · Malnutrition should decrease with an increase in food production and an improvement in family incomes, food security and education, especially of mothers. Accidents: the projects will increase road traffic and agricultural mechanisation (at present both are at zero). Consequently: · Accidents associated with vehicles and agricultural machinery can be expected. Pesticide poisoning: the projects will intensify agricultural production, a process typically associated with increased use of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, as well as other categories such as rodenticides). Many of these chemicals are toxic to humans as well as to the target and non-target species. The system for controlling pesticide use in Ethiopia is weak (see Pest Management Plan, a separate report prepared for the ESIA). Consequently: · The risks to human health of pesticide use during project operation are high. Exposure could be through a number of different routes, especially occupational (during handling, mixing and application), accidental (from contaminated clothes, re-use of containers etc.), and through consumption of residues on food crops. Environmental and Socia/Impact Assessment of abollt 20.000 /)a Irrigatloll and Drainage Schemes at Pump (at SerAha) Rib/J And Angel DAm - R!DP 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7-33 7.4 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING 7.4.1 Introduction This chapter presents an outline of mitigation measures proposed for the Megech and Ribb projects, based on knowledge obtained from a review of the health literature, from the fieldwork carried out in October 2009 and from follow-up in 2010. The proposals are at a level of detail consistent with standard health impact assessment methodologies which describe a phased, iterative approach to the identification and management of health hazards and risks. Mitigation of some health risks can be achieved (i) by prevention, through design changes, changes in operation practices to alter environmental parameters such as groundwater levels, or changes in human behaviour, thereby preventing disease transmission, or (ii) by treatment, curing infected patients and, for communicable diseases, reducing transmission frequency. Outbreaks of disease can appear rapidly. On the other hand, changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour are slow, but they are essential to achieve sustainable improvements in human health. Therefore: Sustained improvements in health will only be achieved by major changes in health related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) by local residents. Worldwide, achieving changes in KAP is very difficult, especially in rural areas with a very poor and uneducated population. Therefore, for the two projects: Sustained health improvements will need: 0) long-term investment in social services (education, health) with special attention to women's issues; Oi) improvements in both community infrastructure (roads, electricity) and domestic infrastructure (housing, water supply, sanitation); (iii) higher incomes. Mitigation measures must be practical; this means economically realistic, culturally acceptable (not clashing witli traditional practices and belief) 12, and implementable without excessive work. Typically they focus on (a) disease prevention (following the hierarchy of (i) prevention by avoidance (changed project design, bed nets, etc), (ii) clinical prevention for populations at risk (hand washing, use of condoms, etc), and only then (iii) curative services), and (b) health promotion and education. Proposed mitigation measures for the two projects are summarised in Table 7-6 and described in the following text by project phase, firstly Construction, then Operation. The final three sections of this chapter concern Monitoring and Evaluation, Health Organisation and Strengthening, and Costs and Financing. 12 Of course, some issues are "non-negotiable", such as eradicating female genital mutilation. Woreda-Ievel Women's Affairs Offices are active in promoting change relating to "Harmful Traditional Practices" such as very early marriage. Ell vir onmental and SOCial Impact Assc'ssmE!lli of GhOUl 20 000 ha (Inyat:on eNId DrAinage Schenles Purr:p (0'1 SE"dh:-::) RI!:i) and Ang('t Darn -[:;;IOP Vol? Po/I'IEX"," Page 7-34 Ministry of Water and Energy Table 7-6: Proposed Health Mitigation Measures, by Priority Health Impact Mitigation Measure Responsibility Construction Phase 1. Health and Safety · Upgrade tender documents Design consultant & ESIA hazards to workers and consultant public Make some H&S requirements pay Design consultant, MoWE · items, to provide an incentive for compliance ~. ---_._---_._---' · Task the supervision consultant, MoWE explicitly, with H&S enforcement and prvvid\:: resources for this r---- 2. STIs and HIVjAIDS · Construction worker health checks, Contractors risk of increased awareness and prevention programmes transmission .~ · Local resident awareness and prevention MoH / BoH, local health units, campaigns, especially for at-risk groups staff of specialised health programmes r- -.' Operation Phase - 1. Malaria - change in · Mass bed net programme BoH / Woreda Health Offices pattern Health worker training & supervision BoH / Woreda Health Offices · .- · Water management Project operator / WUAs 2. Schistosomiasis - risk · Repeated mass treatment BoH / Woreda Health Offices of increased transmission .---.-~--, .- .-.-.-.---- 3. Intestinal Helminths · Repeated mass treatment BoH / Woreda Health Offices risk of increased transmission 4. STIs & HIVjAIDS · Targetted awareness and education BoH / Woreda Health Offices possible increased transmission campaigns, condoms .- · Improving STI diagnosis and treatment BoH / Woreda Health Offices capability of health workers -- · ASSist local administrations to advocate MoWE for better STI & HIV/AIDS programming ' - rBoH / 5. Diarrhoeas - continued · Intensified health education Woreda Health Offices _ ._ . ' . _ - - - - - . transmission · Provision of safe domestic water supplies Woreda Water Supply Offices (requires feasibility study prior to design and implementation)* .- · Identification & promotion of appropriate BoH / Woreda Health Offices, latrine technology with technical assistance f---- 6. Trachoma - continued · Intensified health education BoH / Woreda Health Offices transmission 7. Acute respiratory tract · Promotion of indoor-smoke reduction BoH / Woreda Health Offices infections - continued transmission -, technologies · Improving ARTI diagnosis and treatment BoH / Woreda Health Offices capability of health workers · Ensuring availability of drugs at MoH / BoH affordable prices · Improving physical access to health Woreda ARD Offices faCilities (all-weather paths and roads) · Adult education concerning use of Woreda Education Offices increased incomes for household betterment ~.------. Environmenta! and Social Impact Assessmellt of about 20.000 ha Irngation al)d O'a;l)age Schemes at Megech Pump (at Selaba), Rlbh and Anger Dam - RIOP ESIA Vol 2. AWiexf's Ministry of Water and Energy PagE; 7-35 Health Impact Mitigation Measure Responsibility 8. Malnutrition · Female literacy programmes* Regional & Woreda Women's continued risk Affairs Offices --l-- · Inclusion of nutrition in other health BoH / Woreda Health Offices education Promotion of homestead gardens and · BoARD / Woreda ARD Offices livestock micro-enterprises to improve ho~u_s_e_._h_o ld fo_o_d ~~ _______________~___ ~_____________._________ ~ .~____ _____ __ ~ ' * Note: asterisked items are the highest gender-related priorities -----------------------------------~ ------- Source: Consultant 7.4.2 Construction Phase 7.4.2.1 Health and Safety Construction of the two projects will be tendered internationally by MoWR using standard World Bank international competitive bidding (ICB) procedures. The WB's standard bidding documents have limited emphasis on Health and Safety (H&S) and will need significant adjustment (I) to adapt them to the specifics of the two irrigation projects, and (ii) to give H&S the priority which is needed to ensure that reasonable standards are actually implemented on site. Recommendations: · Project-specific H&'S provisions should appear in both the General Conditions and in the Specifications, according to topic. Note: it is important that all areas and processes affected by construction activities are covered by the definition of "the Site" in the contract documents. · It is strongly recommended that some H&'S requirements are inserted as items in the Bill of Quantities, so that the successful bidder has a financial incentive for good performance (a carrot) as well as the stick of compliance and enforcement. · The supervision consultant should be explicitly tasked with and resourced for enforcement of the H&'S provisions in the construction contracts. Note: (i) Proposals for H&S provisions will be included in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) forming part of the ESIA report for each of the two schemes. See also Annex 10 of this Volume "Recommendations for Tender Documents". (ii) Some measures to mitigate potential health impacts during construction and operation are "standard best practice" and therefore not highlighted here. These include, for example, keeping the site well drained, restoring borrow pits and quarries to avoid the creation of pools of standing water, proper disposal of solid and liquid wastes, high standards of food safety in any canteens, enforcement of good standards of hygiene amongst workers on site, etc. 7.4.2.2 STIs and HIVI AIDS As stated in the 2004-2008 Ethiopian Strategic Plan for Intensifying Multisector HIV/AIDS Response (MoH 2004), "... without urgent attention and effective intervention, a potentially devastating epidemic is a threat to rural areas, where the majority of Ethiopians live (>85%) and upon which the economy of the country heavily relies." For this reason, as well as its intrinsic health benefits: · It is important that the construction process be accompanied by STI and HIVI AIDs awareness and prevention measures. Recommendations: the details of these measures and their delivery will need to be worked out in consultation with the stakeholders (MoH, Regional Bureau of Health, local health offices, and MoWR), but the basics would include: Envirc;rtf71cnta! 6'ld Ilnpact Assessrnent of atOLl! 20 (JOn ha BR~ II'TtQ0tron nrai.tJ:~1gc S(,/lC',nE'S . [,(!OP at Pilfnp (fit SClaba), Rrhi) AngP! Da'n Page 7-36 Ministry of Water and Energy · Examination and treatment of all workers upon recruitment. · Awareness programmes for workers. · Easy access to prophylactics (condoms) for workers. · Similar programmes of information, education and communication (lEe) targetted to vulnerable groups in the local population, specifically single women, existing prostitutes, bar owners, and truck drivers. Delivery mechanisms will include (i) the construction contractors, through their medical services; (ii) MoH / BoH through their specialised staff; (iii) local health workers (health extension agents), and (iv) staff of any specialised project or NGO appropriate to the topic. Note that the Terms of Reference for the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) also specifically cover the topic of HIV/AIDS during construction. 7.4.3 Operation Phase 7.4.3.1 Introduction This section describes specific responses for various health hazards intensified by the project or unlikely to be reduced by the project without specific measures. In considering these recommendations, it must be emphasized that the three most important health interventions, in the long term, are likely to be: · Roads (roads are essential not only for development of the agricultural aspects of the schemes, but also for the organisation of health services, for training health workers, and for supplying drugs and vaccines). · Safe domestic water supplies · Female literacy 7.4.3.2 Malaria Spraying: reduction of the Anopheles population by repeated house spraying with residual insecticides is not realistic. Nowhere in tropical areas has a long-term result been obtained by this method. This is due to 0) changes in mosquito behaviour and in insecticide effectiveness (Biscoe et al. 2004), (ii) the cost of such activities, and (iii) the need to repeat the spraying one or two times every year in all houses for many years. Bednets: reduction of contacts between humans and Anopheles by the use of impregnated bednets is useful. This has been proved to result in a reduction of the incidence of the disease. Together with efficient health facilities and health education, the general result of mass use of bednets, preferably impregnated with a long lasting insecticide, is a dramatic decrease in malaria morbidity and mortality. Long lasting impregnated nets (LLINS) were widely distributed in Amhara State some years ago. However, the bed nets are fragile and do not last more than two or three years. Consequently, at present they are not available for each individual in all households. Moreover, they are not easy to use in houses without beds, and not all the reSidents are convinced of their effectiveness against malaria. Habitat management: it may be possible to reduce vector numbers by managing the water in the canals and reservoirs and/or the introduction of fish (but only those indigenous to the Lake Tan sub-basin). The irrigation projects will not worsen the malaria situation because malaria is already present in the area with effects on individuals of all ages. On the contrary, the projects could contribute to significant long term improvements if they result in an increase in (i) the effectiveness of local health facilities, and (ii) raise household incomes. However, reducing malaria morbidity and mortality in the region is a battle to be fought every day for a very long time. Envw)nmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20 000 l1a l!IIgatlon anei 01 anlage Schemes at Megeeh Pump lat Sela!Jo) Rf/)/) and Angel Dan; B~ RIOP EStA Vul Anllext'S Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7<,7 One immediate requirement to reduce the malaria burden is an intense education campaign. At the same time, the Health Centres and Posts have to be more efficient in diagnosis of fever attacks and malaria treatment. Likewise, supervision of health workers by an experienced, specialised medical doctor would be of great value. This supervisor should be able to visit every health facility and to use his/her time for staff training, not for any bureaucratic supervisory process. Recommendations: in relation to the probable change in malaria incidence patterns caused by the projects, four speCific actions are recommended: · Firstly, increased coverage and use of bednets (target - 100% of population) by a large and repeated distribution of LUNs, together with (i) training of the population in their use, (ii) monitoring of the results, and (iii) increased awareness of the importance of rapid, accurate diagnosis and treatment. This action has to be developed with strong involvement of the responsible health workers. · Secondly, "hands-on" supervision and training (practical "professional development") of local health workers by a physician specialised in malaria, its clinical and biological diagnosis, its treatment, and its management in rural areas. · Thirdly, management of the irrigation system's water distribution and drainage networks to avoid stagnant water (flowS should be > 0.1 m/s) and removal of emergent vegetation. · Fourthly, establishment of a monitoring programme for this important disease, commencing before project commissioning (see Section 7.4.4). 7.4.3.3 Intestinal and Urinary Schistosomiasis, Intestinal Helminths Environmental management: reduction of snail populations by activities such as drying out and cleaning canals as done on the Wonji scheme in the Awash Valley may not be feasible on these two projects because the soils are cracking clays, and if the canals are dried out they may develop unacceptable seepage problems. The snails will be present in the tertiary canals and drains and it is extremely difficult to be effective in channel sanitation at this level: draining the channels and cleaning all the aquatic vegetation have to be done every two months; this is an excessive work load for farmers. Latrines: coercive measures to make the population use latrines are not effective. Without any obvious personal advantage, individuals will prefer to relieve thems~lves quietly behind a bush, in the fields and near water. Only general education and social change can alter this, over the long term. Recommendations: in relation to the probable increase in schistosomiasis transmission and helminth infections, three specific actions are recommended: · Firstly, repeated mass treatment of local residents against adult Schistosoma worms, using a drug such as praziquantel. The aim would be to treat all the population every six or twelve months. This treatment is cheap, well accepted because it is free of side effects, and effective. With repeated mass treatments the incidence of new S. manson; infections does not decrease, but heavy infections disappear. Each individual tends to be infected with a fewer and fewer paraSites and will have reduced or no clinical symptoms, a major benefit, and will have many fewer paraSites to pass on. Urinary schistosomiasis is also treated by praziquantel. · Secondly, repeated mass treatment of local residents by drugs such as pyrantel or albendazole to cure intestinal worm infections. These drugs are effective, cheap, and well accepted. Repeated mass treatments do not stop the transmission of soil-related helminths, but heavy infections with important consequences for health will become absent or rare in the treated population. · Thirdly, establishment of a monitoring programme for these important diseases starting before project commissioning (see Section 7.4.4). Enl.YOnl"Wifal and Socia! Impact Assessment of a/loul 20 000 ha IflIQufic", D!Jc1 DrAinage Schemes at Pump (at SeraiJa) R'Ll/l and Anger Dam - RIDP ESiA. ? Annexes Page 7-38 Ministry of Water and Energy 7.4.3.4 Diarrhoeas Recommendations: the incidence of diarrhoeas in the beneficiary population in the two command areas will not decrease without specific actions. In addition to improved general education, and assuming continued curative care of severe cases by health workers, these are: · Firstly, intensified health education (especially hygiene) for disease prevention, as well as home treatment. · Secondly, supply of safe water for domestic consumption. This is critical, since water from surface sources and from shallow groundwater is generally not safe. Piped supplies could be provided from safe or treated sources upstream, but this would be extremely expensive. Deep drilling and pumping is also expensive, and may be ruled out by salinity. The only realistic options appear to be use of shallow groundwater or surface water, but in both cases treatment (disinfection) is essential. This subject requires additional study to develop practical, cost- effective and sustainable solutions prior to design and roll-out across the command areas. Whatever systems are adopted, they should be managed locally and involve a fee, however nominal, to ensure local ownership. · Thirdly, identification and then promotion of appropriate latrine systems. This will require experimentation with different latrine technologies to identify low-cost culturally- acceptable systems capable of effective operation in the high-groundwater command areas (i.e. some type of compost toilet). 7.4.3.5 Trachoma The incidence of trachoma in the command areas will decrease if general hygiene improves, if the swarms of flies are reduced, and with effective treatment of cases. Recommendations: considering the lack of any realistic prospect of reducing fly numbers, the following action against trachoma could be taken in the command area: · Awareness and prevention activities by health workers, especially in locations far away from health facilities, through an extension of the SAFE programme. Treatment of eye lesions is a task for Health Posts and Centres and, after education, for families. Serious lesions can only be treated by a specialised team. 7.4.3.6 Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Acute respiratory illnesses are difficult to prevent. They will probably persist at the same level for many years. Recommendations: actions that will assist in reducing ARTIs and that could be taken as part of a health programme associated with the two projects include: · Reduction of indoor smoke by promoting household ventilation, smokeless stoves, solar cookers and gas, biogas or kerosene stoves. · Improving the ARTI diagnosis and treatment capability of health workers. · Improving the availability and quality of drugs, especially antibiotics, in health facilities or other sales outlets, at a price compatible with local income levels. · Improving physical access to health facilities. This is very important, both for users (e.g. pregnant women, elders) and for health workers, as well as for medical supervisory staff. At present access is good to facilities near paved roads on the edge of the command areas, but very difficult to facilities inside the schemes because the lack of roads and all-weather tracks. · Promoting the use of increased household incomes resulting from the project for better clothes, shoes, bedding, and (eventually) better housing (adult education in "domestic economy"). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of aboul 20.000 ha IlngallOl1 and Drainage Schemes at Megeeh Pump (at SeralJaJ Ribb ailli Angel Dam RIDP ESIA Vol 2 Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7 RIDP Vol, 2, Annexes Page 7·44 Ministry of Water and Energy continued risk programmes Classes delivered I Number of participants Woreda education office reports I Command , area kebeles reports I education regional Literacy skills in target Surveys Annual groups surveys I contractor offices, PSP · Inclusion of Inclusion in training Check materials and Command Annual I WorHO, BoH I USD 10,000 nutrition in other materials sample of actual I area kebeles health education package deliveries packages I I I · Promotion of Household production Household surveys Command I 6 monthly I "The Project", I 4/yr homestead gardens and and incomes I area I I PSP contractor livestock micro- enterprises to improve household food · sUQQlies Reliable reporting I I Nutritional status of 2 - 9 year olds in Surveys: design reliable survey, Command , area kebeles: Icheme s Prior to WorHO, BoH TBD command areas provide skills, beneficiary commissioning equipment and households Every 2 years I I bud9.ets, implement 5. Accidents !- Skills training for I Classes delivered ARD office reports Command Monthly I ARD offices. I TBD farmers Number of participants area kebeles · Awareness i Classes delivered ARD and DA reports Command Monthly ARD offices I TBD training for Number of participants i area and DAs, PSP i I households Change in KAP households contractor · Inclusion of WUA bylaws and Inspection ICommand Annual ARD / BoH / I Nil health insurance practice I areas I PSP contractor in WUA fee · Reliable reporting Number and type of accidents Regular health facility reports I ommand C area Kebeles I M onthly / quarterly I WorHO, BoH Nil and Woredas 6. Pesticide exposure I· Skills training for farmers and Classes delivered Number of participants ARD office reports , Beneficiary farmers and I Monthly I RD contractor A PSP offices, I TBD other workers Change in KAP I contract ~ EnVironmental and SocIal Impact Assessment of about 20,000 ha Imgatlon and Drainage Schemes at Megec/) Pump (at Seraba), Rlbb and Anger Dam B~ RIDP ESlk Vol. 2, Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy ,Uage 7_cl[";, · Awareness Classes delivered training for Number of participants I area households KAP households · Create pesticide Specialised unit BoH reports Bahir Dar Semi-annual I BoH iTBD exposure operational diagnosis and Skilled staff treatment capacity at ,qional level I i ~liable Number and type of WorHO, BoH reports Woredas, Regular I WorHOs , BoH I TBD reporting pesticide exposure from specialised unit Bahir Dar reporting B~ EnVilDllmcntal ane! SOcial Impact Assessment of about 20,000 /13 frugallon and Drainage ScIJemes at Megech Pump (at Seraba), RiiJb and Anger Dam <@> - RIDP ESIA Vo!. 2. Annoxes Page 7-46 Ministry of Water and Energy 7.4.4.2 Malaria The projects are likely to change the pattern of malaria transmission throughout the year within the command areas. Mitigation measures are recommended. These changes and the effectiveness of the measures should be monitored. Existing statistics from Health Centres and Health Offices at Woreda level are not specific to the command areas, and in addition are partly based on observed symptoms rather than reagent tests or lab analysis (microscopy). Accurate monthly reporting is important. Therefore the following steps are recommended: · Detailed review of existing malaria diagnostic and reporting system in each project area (procedures, quality). · (i) the identification of specific sub-sets of data that could be used to consistently characterise the incidence of malaria in the command area populations on a monthly basis, or if such data cannot be extracted, (ii) the design of a simple but reliable system of malaria monitoring to provide the necessary monthly data in each area. · Provision of training, equipment and facilities as required to sustainably implement the system. · Implementation of the system, commencing a full 12 months before commissioning of the systems. 7.4.4.3 Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Helminths The projects are likely to increase the risk of transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis and intestinal helminths. There is a small probability of the creation of conditions for transmission of urinary schistosomiasis. Mitigation measures are recommended. Possible changes and the effectiveness of the measures should be monitored. Existing statistics from Health Centres and Health Offices at Woreda level are not specific to the command areas, and in addition are partly based on observed symptoms rather than reagent tests or lab analysis. Accurate reporting is important. Therefore the following steps are recommended: · Design of a survey to provide statistically-reliable data on the prevalence of S. mansoni, S. haematobium and intestinal helminths in each of the command areas. · Provision of training and equipment, if required to implement the surveys. · Implementation of the first survey in each area prior to commissioning of the respective schemes (month/season to be determined), and prior to the recommended mass treatment campaigns (see Section 7.4.3.2). · Repetition of the surveys every two years, at the same time of year, throughout the life of the projects. The surveys could be implemented by scientists from the Departments of Community Health and/or Parasitology, Gonder College of Medical Sciences (and would provide an excellent practical exercise for supervised medical students). It will be important the results are used for disease management, and therefore appropriate links should be made to the concerned health authorities at regional, zonal and woreda levels. Survey concept notes - intestinal schistosomiasis and intestinal helminths: · Sampling framework: 3 settlements per 5,000 ha, 20 households per settlement (or as indicated by statistical theory). Stools from, say, 4 persons/household, thus 80 per settlement . and 240 samples in total. · Descriptive data: enumerator name, date, woreda, kebele, household name, ages, sex, main household occupations, level of education, economic status (possibly by wealth ranking). · Laboratory: direct microscopic examination by Kato technique. · Results: parasite species, density of parasites' eggs by gramme of stool, relationship to location of household/settlement, age, sex, occupations, education, economic status. Survey concept notes - urinary schistosomiasis: · Same framework etc. as in stool survey (above). Urine samples, to be filtered through paper and examined. E'lVflonmenlal awl Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 lJa ftngiJl10n Dralllago Schemes at - RfDP eump (at Sera!Ja). Ril)/) and Anger Dam 2. Al'nexes BRts Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7-47 7.4.4.4 STIs and HIV I AIDS By changing socio-economic conditions, the projects may increase the risk of STI & HIV transmission. Mitigation measures are recommended. Possible changes and the effectiveness of the measures should be monitored, both within the command areas and in nearby market centres where risky behaviour is likely to occur. Available statistics on infection are not specific to these locations. In addition, an important aspect of STI risk reduction is knowledge of changes in knowledge, attitudes and practices (changes in behaviour). Therefore the following steps are recommended: · Detailed review of existing STI and HIV diagnostic and reporting system in each project area (procedures, quality). · The design of a simple but reliable system of (i) prevalence monitoring, and (ii) behaviour monitoring, including gender roles and generation relationships. · Provision of training, equipment and facilities as required to sustainably implement the system. · Implementation of the system, commencing (if possible) prior to construction, with regular prevalence reporting and repetition of the behaviour surveys every three years. Note: these systems and surveys should be developed with full participation by and technical support from the national AIDS programme. 7.4.4.5 Malnutrition The success of the projects in improving people's lives can be measured by many indicators. One of the most important would be the nutritional status of children in command area households. The ideal method would be repeat nutritional surveys of children aged 2 to 9 years of age using anthropomorphic data (weight and height for age). Such surveys are simple but require some time in the field, together with accurate observations and recording. The following steps are recommended: · Design of a survey to provide statistically-reliable data on the nutritional status of children aged 2 to 9 years in each command areas. · Provision of training and equipment, if required to implement the surveys. · Implementation of the first survey in each area prior to commissioning of the respective schemes (month/season to be determined). · Repetition of the surveys every two years, at the same time of year, until no longer required. 7.4.4.6 Accidents Patients presenting with injuries as a result of accidents at Health Posts, Health Centres and Hospitals should be recorded in the usual way, with their kebele of reSidence and, if pOSSible, a brief description of the cause or circumstances. The baseline should use statistics from years up to the year of construction. 7.4.4.7 Pesticide Exposure Monitoring pesticide exposure and the health effects of pesticides is not easy. In view of the future regional importance of intensive agriculture, it is suggested that a programme be developed to create, in the medium term, a specialist service and surveillance capability at regional level. 7.4.5 Health Organisation and Strengthening Health organisation is the responsibility of the ANRS Bureau of Health (BoH) and falls within the general Ethiopian health sector framework. Irrigated agriculture and horticulture is a major, fast-developing sector in the region, specifically in the Lake Tana Basin. It has specific health consequences and requirements, and a regional response is indicated. EnVllor:f71entaf and S0(;ia,1 hnp(ICi of about 20,000 ha BR~ /!T'f]af1f}!-, ;..ifln [}rC:'llage: Sche!nes at tAuQ('c!! Pun!!} :Fit SCJaba), RilJb and Anger Darn RIDP ES,IA Vni Alii,r Page 7-48 Ministry of Water and Energy Various sections in this document have illustrated the direct links between the planned rural development interventions and the top causes of morbidity in the area. They have also highlighted the importance of preventive interventions, for which financing should not come from .user fees but rather be considered a collective investment. Further discussion between the project partners will be needed to determine exactly how the budgetary requirements can be met during project construction and operation. Economic access to health care has been identified as a key constraint for project area residents. Options for overcoming this constraint during scheme operation include (i) using a small proportion of the compulsory water user fees for health insurance, and (ii) linking health insurance with microcredit in some way. These interventions could have a major impact on women's health and considerably improve the chances of the project meeting its developmental objectives. The immediate requirement is for: · Establishment of a regional health committee to plan for implementation of health measures in relation to (initially) the Megech and Ribb irrigation projects, using this document as a starting point. A precedent for such a committee already exists in relation to the Koga Irrigation Project. The committee's responsibilities should include development of (i) detailed programmes for health service response to the various schemes, (ii) details of required health service capacity upgrades, and (iii) budgets and sustainable financing mechanisms. 7.4.6 Costs and Financing 7.4.6.1 Construction Phase Health and Safety · All occupational health and safety measures associated with construction should be covered by the two projects' investment cost budgets. This includes (i) measures to be implemented by the contractors in accordance with the provisions of their respective contracts, (ii) supervision costs. · Actual costs are to be determined. STIs and HIVI AIDS · Financing for measures to reduce and manage this construction-related health risk should be included in the two projects' investment cost budgets. As with Health and Safety, this includes both (i) the contractors' costs, and (ii) supervision costs. In addition, (iii) the cost of health measures implemented by public sector agencies specifically to protect the public from construction-related health risks should be allocated to and provided from the investment costs.. · The actual costs will be determined after full details of the measures have been agreed. 7.4.6.2 Operation Phase Malaria · Financing for malaria control in Ethiopia is available from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis (www.theglobalfund.orgn the Carter Centre, and the US President's Malaria Initiative (PM!: www.fightingmalaria.gov/). No additional funding is necessary, but advocacy may be required to target available budgets towards the project areas. · To this end, it would be worthwhile for the project to undertake a survey of LLIN coverage and use in the project areas and, according to the results, develop an advocacy approach to the national malaria programme (workshops, lobbying by project key stakeholders). · Alternatively, malaria mitigation and monitoring costs could be treated as necessary investment and operational costs to achieve project objectives, and funded from water user fees. Environmental and SOCIal Impact Assessment of a/Joul 20.000 fla Irrigation and Ora/llage Schemes al Pump (at SelabaJ Ril)IJ and Anger Dam - RIDP Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7-49 · Actual costs are to be determined. Schistosomiasis and intestinal helminths · The cost of mass treatment against Schistosoma and intestinal helminths would be about USD 0.50 per year per individual if the drugs are distributed through existing health facilities. Financing for mass treatment should be planned for at least five years, since this is the time required to observe a beginning of changes in human behaviour, and this only if the health and education/awareness services are functioning well. · The cost of each survey would be well below USD 10,000 (exact costs to be determined). STIs and HIV I AIDS · In general, the strategies implemented by the national AIDS control programme are appropriate, and sufficient resources are mobilised through the Global Fund and PEPFAR support to implement them. · Diverting resources to focus on specific risk groups and locations (such as the projects' market centres) will require advocacy based on good monitoring data. Therefore the projects should implement reliable surveys (see Section 7.4.4.4 above). · An indicative USD 50,000 for each round of the survey (every 3 years) may be sufficient to document changes, depending on the exact design of the surveys and local capabilities. Malnutrition · General education, especially female literacy, should be covered from education budgets targetting the command areas. · Integrating nutrition into health education and awareness packages: indicative cost USD 10,000. · Promotion of homestead gardens and livestock micro-enterprises: should be covered by livelihood and microfinance interventions. · Nutritional survey of children before commissioning and during project operation: indicative cost $ 5,000 each survey campaign. 7.4.6.3 Institutional Strengthening and Training The costs of health-related institutional strengthening and training to implement the measures recommended in this report are to be determined following development of the detailed practical programme by the Bureau of Health and its partners. cpv:ronn?C'ntai and Sociri! l(lJP6ct Assess.t1](;1 Ii of about 20. 000 Ira DrA"agr: Sc'hcmos al M898Ch Pwnp (ill Sera/}a), RiNJ and Angel Dam . f,IOP ESt/:, Vol 2 Alliloxes . Page 7-50 Ministry of Water and Energy 7.5 CONCLUSIONS 7.5.1 Findings The main health hazards in the PCA are vector-borne tropical diseases especially malaria, intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-related intestinal helminths. At this Latitude, the elevation of 1800 masl is compatible with the cycles of transmission of all these diseases, and they are widely observed in the population. They are the principal diagnosis done in the health facilities, and the origin of the major part of the prescriptions. The lack of permanent roads inside the two areas is of importance for health. During the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season - at least during six months each year - the only way to travel within the command areas is on foot (or by donkey) or by boat. Professional health workers are rarely present inside the command areas, largely due to difficult access, and it is difficult for patients to physically or financially access health care. Knowledge, attitudes and practice in relation to health amongst the local residents are low, in keeping with extreme poverty, illiteracy and strong cultural traditions. The entire local population can be considered a risk group in relation to the main existing health hazards and to the hazards which are likely to be changed or intensified by the project - malaria, schistosomiasis and intestinal helminths. Within this overall population, the most vulnerable groups are women, small children and the landless. Specific project-related hazards will affect different risk groups, e.g. farmers and contract sprayers will be most exposed to pesticides. The health services are working hard to meet the directly health-related MDGs (Goal 4: reduced child mortality; Goal 5: improved maternal health; Goal 6: combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, and Goal 7, ensuring environmental sustainability - especially access to safe water) but suffer from resource constraints which affect staffing, skills, eqUipment, facilities, operations and training. Consequently most command area reSidents neither have access to safe water nor are able to easily physically access health care facilities. In addition both health prevention and most curative services require cash, and major economic barrier to the majority of the population. The irrigation and drainage schemes at Megech (at Seraba) and in the Fogera plain (Ribb) will not radically transform the environment of these areas since they are already floodplains with permanent wetlands. Vector-borne diseases, especially malaria and intestinal schistosomiasis, soil-related parasites, respiratory infections and diarrhoeas are common. The pattern of transmission and the incidence of these diseases will change to some degree as a result of operation of the projects, but not radically: · Malaria will probably be present during a longer period of the year. The most important measure to reduce its impact is improved use of impregnated bed nets and better access to rapid diagnosis and efficient treatments. · Intestinal schistosomiasis transmission will probably increase. Initially systematic mass treatments will be the best way to reduce the heavy infections. In the long term, education and improved living standards may result in an improvement in sanitation (e.g. use of latrines) and a decrease of the contamination of the snails by human beings, the sole method of long-term bilharzia prevention. The reduction of helminths infections is similar: repeated mass treatments and improved sanitation and hygiene. The project will introduce or intenSify some health hazards which, currently, are at relatively low levels. These include accidents (vehicles, machinery), HIV/AIDS, pesticides, and the health and safety risks of water to small children. E!!viw'lmental and Social Impact AssossmelJt of al)oul 20,000!1a loigatfoll and Dramage SclJemes at Megec/? Pump (at SetalJa) RibiJ anci Al)ger Dam , RIDP EStA Vol 2, Annexes, B~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7·51 The project, as currently designed, will have no impact on many of the endemic diseases affecting local residents such as diarrhoeas, ARTIs, TB and trachoma. These are likely to remain at unacceptably high levels without specific measures, together with the three key interventions of: · All-weather roads. · Adult literacy, especially for women. · Safe water. Furthermore, it is unlikely that the project will meet its developmental goals unless the burden of disease can be significantly reduced. This will require additional interventions, both in health services and other sectors such as adult education and domestic water supplies. In a long term, at least one human generation, if the agricultural activities are successful and social and other services well developed (education, health, roads, etc.), the irrigation schemes will result in a general improvement of health. 7.5.2 Next Steps Recommended next steps are: (i) Circulate this report to the Bureau of Health in Bahir Dar, for their consideration and action as the responsible government agency. (ii) Establish a formal irrigation project-related health committee in the region under the BoH to determine further actions in partnership with ENIDP's main stakeholders: MoWE and MoARD, together with the projects' international sponsor, the World Bank. L:'JVIWI?menta/ and Sociallm!'aCI Assessment of about 20.000 hil BR~ and Orai!'age Schemes a/ M'c':WC;I: {'limp (at Seraba) ellJv and klger Dam RlOP ESiA \/r./ AI!!l(;xc:, < Page 7-52 Ministry of Water and Energy 7.6 REFERENCES 7.6.1 References in Text Alemayehu Mesfin. 2008. Current malaria situation in Amhara National Regional State. In: Proc. Of the advocacy workshop on community based integrated malaria prevention and control. The Ethiopian Malaria Control Professionals Association. May 28, 2008. Bahir Dar. Alvar, J., Seife Bashaye, D. Argaw, 1. Cruz, P. Aparicio, Askal Kassa, G. Orfanoz, F. Parreno, Olusegan Babaniyi, Nigussu Gudeta, e. Canavate, & C. Bern. 2007. Kala-Azar Outbreak in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia: Epidemiologic and Parasitologic Assessment. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77(2): 275-282 Amsalu, S. & G. Asnakew. 2006. The outcome of severe malnutrition in northwest Ethiopia: retrospective analysis of admissions. Ethiop Med J. Apr. 44(2): 151- 7. Aseffa, A. 1993. Viral diseases in Ethiopia: a review. East Afr Med J. Oct. 70(10):624-6. Aseffa, A., A. Ishak, R. Stevens, E. Fergussen, M. Giles, G. Yohannes & K.G. Kidan. 1998. Prevalence of HIV, syphilis and genital chlamydial infection among women in north-west Ethiopia. Epidemiol. Infect. Mar. 120(2):171-7. Belachew, T. & H. Nekatibeb. 2007. Assessment of outpatient therapeutic programme for severe acute malnutrition in three regions of Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. Dec. 84(12):577-88. Birley, M. 1991. Guidelines for Forecasting the Vector-borne Disease Implications of Water Resources Development. PEEM Secretariat, WHO, Geneva (2 nd ed.). Biscoe. M.L, e.M. Mutero & R.A. Kramer. 2004. Current Policy and Status of DDT Use for Malaria Control in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and South Africa. IWMI Working Paper 95. Colombo. 30p Brun, T.A. 1991. The nutrition and health impact of cash cropping in west Africa: a historical perspective. World Rev Nutr Diet. 65: 124-62. Edemariam Tsega, E. Nordenfelt, Biru Mengesha, B. G. Hansson, Molla Tsega & J. Lindberg. 1990. Age- specific prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibody in Ethiopian children. Scand J Infect Dis. 22(2):145-8. Emerson P.M., J. Ngondi, E. Biru, et al. 2008. Integrating an NTD with One of "The Big Three": Combined Malaria and Trachoma Survey in Amhara Region of Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. Mar. 19;2(3):e197. Getahun H, Aragaw D. 2001. Tuberculosis in rural northwest Ethiopia: community perspective. Ethiop Med J. Oct. 39(4):283-91. Herrero, M., G. Orfanos, Daniel Argaw, Abate Mulugeta, P. Aparicia, F. Parreno, O. Bernal, D. Rubens, J. Pedraza, M.A. Lima, L Flevaud, P.P. Palma, Seife Bashaye, J. Alvar & e. Bern. 2009. Natural History of a Visceral leishmaniaSiS Outbreak in Highland Ethiopia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 81(3):373-377 Kassu, A., A Mekonnen, A. Bekele, N. Abseno, E. Melese, F. Mages, Y. Wondmikun & F. Ota. 2004. HIV and syphilis infection among elderly people in Northwest Ethiopia. Japan Journal of Infectious Disease. 57: 264-268 Keiser, J., M. Caldas de Castro, M.F. Maltese, R. Bas, M. Tanner, B.H. Singer & J. Utzinger. 2005. Effect of Irrigation and Large Dams on the Burden of Malaria on a Global and Regional Scale. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 72(4):392-406 IFe. 2009. Introduction to Health Impact Assessment. Int. Finance, Corporation, Washington, De. 67 p MoH. 2004. Ethiopian Strategic Plan for Intensifying Multi-Sectoral HIV!AIDS Response (2004-2008). Ministry of Health. Mwadime, R.K., A.M. Omwega, N. Kielmann & R. Korte. 1996. Predictors of nutritional status among participants in a rice irrigation scheme in Kenya. Ecol Food Nutr. 35(4): 263- 74. Environmenlal and Socl6llmpacl Assessment of about 20.000!l[l {rngalion and Drall7llge Schemes at RIDP Pwnp (at Seril/)a.1 Ribl) and Anger Dam Anncx'" B~ Ministry of Water and Energy PagE: 7-53 PAN. 2006. Pesticide Use, Accumulations and Impacts: A Case Study in the Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Obsolete pesticides Briefing. Pesticide Action Network, UK. Scott-Samuel, A., M. Birley, & K. Ardern. 2001. The Merseyside Guidelines for Health Impact Assessment. 2 nd ed. Int. HIA Consortium, Liverpool. 20 p Tahal-CECE. 2010a. Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project - Feasibility Study. Report for MoWR (Jan. 2010). Tahal-CECE. 2010b. Megech (Seraba) Pumped Irrigation and Drainage Project - Feasibility Study. Report for MoWR (Feb. 2010). Worku, N., B. Erko, W. Torben, M. Belay, A. Kassu, T. Fetene & K. Huruy. 2009. Malnutrition and intestinal parasitic infections in school children of Gonder, North West Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. Jan. 47(1):9-16. World Bank. 2007. Environmental and Social Management Framework, Ethiopian Irrigation & Drainage Project. MoWR. Yemane Berhane, Alemayehu Worku & Abebe Bejiga. 2006. Survey Report: National Survey on Blindness, Low Vision and Trachoma in Ethiopia. MoH, Addis Ababa. 66p Yimer, S., G. Bjune & G. Alene. 2005. Diagnostic and treatment delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. Dec. 12;5:112: Yusuf, M.E. 2000. Nutritional status of pre-school children in northwest Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. Aug. 77(8) :425-7. 7.6.2 Additional Health References relevant to Ethiopian Highlands, by Topic 7.6.2.1 Health, Hygiene, Drugs Abdulahi H, Mariam DH, Kebede D. 2001. Burden of disease analysis in rural Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. Oct. 39(4):271-81. Carasso BS, Lagarde M, Tesfaye A, Palmer N. 2009. Availability of essential medicines in Ethiopia: an efficiency-equity trade-off? Trop Med Int Health. Nov. 14(11):1394-400. Epub 2009 Sep 14. Edelstein M, Pitchforth E, Asres G, Silverman M, Kulkarni N. 2008. Awareness of health effects of cooking smoke among women in the Gonder Region of Ethiopia: a pilot survey. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. Jul. 18;8:10. Fantahun M, Degu G. 2004. Burden of diseases in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. Jul. 42(3):165- 72. Hopkins DR, Richards Fa Jr, Ruiz-Tiben E, Emerson P, Withers PC Jr. 2008. Dracunculiasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1136:45-52. Epub 2007 Oct 22. Tadesse Z, Hailemariam A, Kolaczinski JH. 2008. Potential for integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Mar. 102(3):213-4. Epub 2007 Oct 22. Teka T, Dagnew M. 1995. Health behaviour of rural mothers to acute respiratory infections in children in Gonder, Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. Oct. 72(10):623-5. O'Loughlin R, Fentie G, Flannery B, Emerson PM. 2006. Follow-up of a low cost latrine promotion programme in one district of Amhara, Ethiopia: characteristics of early adopters and non- adopters. Trop Med Int Health. Sep. 11(9): 1406-15. 7.6.2.2 Malaria Belay M, Deressa W. 2008. Use of insecticide treated nets by pregnant women and associated factors in a pre-dominantly rural population in northern Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health. Brewster D. 1999. Environmental management for vector control. Is it worth a dam if it worsens malaria? BMJ. Sep. 11; 319(7211):651-2. Emironp7ental ami Social Impact Assessment of alJout 20.000 iii' B~ and Drainage Schemes at RIDP Pump (al Selal)a!. RiI.,h dod Annexes Page 7·54 Ministry of Water and Energy Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Worku Legesse, W. Van Bortel, Solomon Gebre-Selassie, H. Kloos, L. Duchateau & N. Speybroeck. 2009. Malaria and water resource development: the case of Gilgel-Gibe hydroelectric dam in Ethiopia. Malar J. Jan. 29; 8:21. Deressa, W. 2007. Treatment-seeking behaviour for febrile illness in an area of seasonal malaria transmission in rural Ethiopia. Malar J. Apr. 26; 6:49. Deressa W, Olana D, Chibsa S. 2004. Magnitude of malaria admissions and deaths at hospitals and health centers in Oromia, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. Oct. 42(4):237-46. Graves PM, Richards FO, Ngondi J, et al. 2009. Individual, household and environmental risk factors for malaria infection in Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions of Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Jan. 12. [Epub ahead of print] Kebede A, McCann JC, Kiszewski AE, Ye-Ebiyo Y. 2005. New evidence of the effects of agro-ecologic change on malaria transmisSion. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Oct. 73(4):676-80. Lautze J, McCartney M, Kirshen P, et al. 2007. Effect of a large dam on malaria risk: the Koka reservoir in Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health. Aug. 12(8):982-9. Kibret, S, M. McCartney, J.. Lautze & G. Jayasinghe. 2009. Malaria transmission in the vicinity of impounded water: evidence from the Koka reservoir, Ethiopia. IWMI Research Report 132. IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Manuel Ramos J, Reyes F, Tesfamariam A. 2005. Change in epidemiology of malaria infections in a rural area In Ethiopia. J Travel Med. May-Jun. 12(3):155-6. MoH. 2004. Malaria diagnosis and treatment guidelines for health workers in Ethiopia (2 nd ed.). MoH, Addis Ababa. MoH. 2008. Ethiopian National Malaria Indicator Survey 2007. MoH, Addis Ababa. MoWR. 1998. Abbay River Basin Integrated Development Master Plan Project: Vol. XIII EnVironment, Part 2, Health Profile of the Abbay Basin. BCEOM. Negash K, Kebede A, Medhin A, et al. 2005. Malaria epidemics in the highlands of Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. Apr. 82(4):186-92. Shargie EB, Gebre T, Ngondi J, et al. 2008. Malaria prevalence and mosquito net coverage in Oromia and SNNPR regions of Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. Sep. 21; 8:321. Tilaye, T. & W. Deressa. 2007. Community perceptions and practices about urban malaria prevention and control in Gonder Town, northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. Oct. 45(4):343-51. WHO. 2007. Entomological profile of malaria in Ethiopia. Joint pub. of MoH and African Networks on Vector ReSistance. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. 7.6.2.3 Schistosomiasis Alemayehu T, Ye-ebiyo Y, Ghebreyesus TA, et al. 1998. Malaria, schistosomiasis, and intestinal helminths in relation to microdams in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Parasitologia. Sep. 40(3):259-67. Ali MI, Byskov J, Mokgweetsinyana SS, Sibiya J, Mott KE. 1989. Integration of control of schistosomiasis due to S. mansoni within primary health care in Ngamiland, Botswana. Trop Med Parasitol. Jun. 40(2):195-200. Bizuneh A, Birrie H, Debele K. 1995. Colonization of irrigation canals by Bulinus abyssinicus and upsurge of urinary schistosomiasis in the middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. Oct. 33(4):259 63. Dagnew, M. 1996. Prevalence and intensity of S. manson; infection along the shores of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. Dec. 73(12):801-4. . Degu G, Mengistu G, Jones J. 2002. Some factors affecting prevalence of and immune responses to Schistosoma manson; in schoolchildren in Gorgora, northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. Oct. 40( 4): 345-52. Ghebreyesus TA, Witten KH, Getachew A, et al. 2002. Schistosome transmission, water-resource development and altitude in northern Ethiopia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. Jul. 96(5):489-95. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha Irogation and Drainage Scllemes at Pump (at Sera/H)) Rib.a and Anqel Dam - RIDP Annexo!' Ministry of Water and Energy Pagt! 7-55 Gundersen SG, Birrie H, Torvik HP, Medhin G, Mengesha H. 1998. Delayed reinfection of Schistosoma mansoni in the Blue Nile Valley of western Ethiopia 10 years after mass chemotherapy. Acta Trop. Jun. 15;70(1):35-42. Hailu Birrie, Shibru Tedla & Leykun Jemaneh (eds). 1998. Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia and Eritrea (2 nd ed.). Inst. of Pathobiology, AAU. Jemaneh L. 2000. The epidemiology of Schistosomiasis mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths in elementary school children from the South Gonder Zone of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. Apr. 38(2):105-18. Kloos H, Lo CT, Birrie H, Ayele T, Tedla S, Tsegay F. 1988. Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. Soc Sci Med. 26(8):803-27. 7.6.2.4 Leishmaniasis Bashaye S, Nombela N, Argaw D et al. 2009. Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in a new epidemic site in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Jul. 81(1):34-9. 7.6.2.5 Trachoma Ngondl J, Gebre T, Shargie EB et aL 2008. Risk factors for active trachoma in children and trichiasis in adults: a household survey in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. May 102(5):432-8. Epub 2008 Apr 3. 7.6.2.6 TB WHO. 2008. Global Tuberculosis Control: Country Profile - Ethiopia. WHO, Geneva. 7.6.2.7 Viral Diseases Mesfin G, Schluter W, Gebremariam A, et al. 2008. Polio outbreak response in Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. May. 85(5):222-31. 7.6.2.8 HIV I AIDS UNAIDS. 2008. Ethiopia, July 2008: Country Situation. UNAIDS. 2008. Ethiopia: Epidemiological Country Profile on HIV and AIDS. UNAIDS. 2008. Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS: core data on epidemiology and response: Ethiopia: 2008 Update. UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance. 7.6.2.9 Nutrition Smith AG, Broman AT, Alemayehu W, Munoz BE, West SK, Gower EW. 2007. Relationship between trachoma and chronic and acute malnutrition in children in rural Ethiopia. J Trop Pediatr. Oct. 53(5):308-12. Epub 2007 Aug 14. Fnvil"nll1wdal and Social fmpal'l Assess'nenl of about 20.000 ha ;.-,i9atlon and Drainage Schemes at Pun'p (at Seli?i)a). Rrbb and Al)gel Dam - RfOF Veil 2 Anpc)((/s Page 7-56 Ministry of Water and Energy 7.7 ApPENDIX 1 - PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS CONTACTED Name Position I Affiliation Contact BAHIR DAR Dr. Asrat Genet Head, Regional Health Bureau ~18-340-523f t--~-~-~-~~----- ,-----'--'-'~--'-'-------' , 0582-200-922 ~, -- Dr. Ali Gebeyehu Deputy Head, Regional Health Bureau 0918-340-914 ~kadu Sedeta . HIV/ AID~eventiQll...Qfficer__ 0918-701-115 -- Shuji Noda ~rdinator! JICA Am RIDS Project 0918-020-725 .~ t-DEMBIA WOREDA Kola Diba Alemneh Banti Chair, Woreda Project lplef'1entati ' 0583-351 " (WPII) Deresegn Fente ,Head l Health Office nC;R <- <')0-0 19 I-?ebsibachew Atnafu Head, Land Management Office ~huahit Tabor fiengi~ _ _ _ _,,_ Supervisorl Health Centre ~-~---~-~-~- Nur~es ancj laboratory technicians ,-,-, ~orgora ________ Sr. Adina Alemu Head Health Centre rUBO KEMKEM WOREDA ~iszemen .- Bitew Alebachew Deputy Head,Agriculture Office Addisu Berhanu Manager, Area Development Programme, 0911-761-554 World Vision International ~~ Addis W/Mariam !-,-,,-,-,~,---,--.--- I--Nurse, Yifag Healthfentr~ -- ---~~-~----- Bura _ ~emts~hay __ ,,_,,_~___ Community Healtl1 As~istan~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.___ I FOGERA WOREDA - =ri584~460-'~49- ~.= Woreta Sr. Haimanot Firde -- --~~~~~ Deputv_tJead, Health Offic£! Worku Mulat Head Aqriculture Office I I Addis Betekristian Sr. Astatkiw Selamu I Head, Addis Betekristian Clinic - Environmental and Socia! Impact Assessment of about 20,000 l1a Imgarfon and Oramage Schemes at Pump (al Semba) Rib/) and Anger Dam ~RIDP Ministry of Water and Energy Page: 7.8 ApPENDIX 2 - ITINERARY Itinerary of Rapid Health Appraisal Date Location 2009 14 Oct. Travel AA - 15 Oct. Bahir Dar - Bureau of Health; travel to Woreta (Fogera Woreda HQ - Health Office, Health I -____-t-C::::.e::.:n~trwnd to Ribb River dam site: meet engineering staff .._~_~_. ___.______ 16 Oct. Addis Betekristian Health Centre; Addis Zemen (libo Kemkem Woreda HQ health & agriculture staff); Bura Health Post; Yifag Health Centre f---~--t--------------------------------------l 17 Oct. Yifag Health Centre; travel to Addis Zemen - Agriculture Office; travel to Dembia Woreda; f--____-t-a'"'-tt~ec_mpt to reach Guramba and Robit (road impassab.c-I_eL-)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 18 Oct. Anal 19 Oct. Travel to Kola Diba (Dembia Woreda HQ - Head of WPIT; Kola Diba Health Centre) 20 Oct. Aberja Health Post; Gorgora Health Centre; Chuahit Health Centre; Woreta Health Office; 21 Oct. 22 Oct. sis and report preparation 23 Oct. Meetin with Project Coordinator, MoWR 12010 I 04 Ma-r.--+-T-r-a·vel ----.---------; roS~.'---+-B;";'a-"-h":"'ir=-"D""a·';"'r--..o:.cB·";';ur';';'e""'a:""u""o-f-H-e-a-'~th-,-.-J-·IC~-A-A--m-R-I-D···-s--p-ro--j·e--ct-;-t-ra-v--e-'-t-o-W-o·--re-t-a-an-d··--A-d-d-iS· Zemen - I ~. Woreda Health r 06 Mar. I I; ~Ma~~~~~~~~~ ___~ _____________.___._________. _________________~ 7.9 ApPENDIX 3 - DATA 7.9. 1 Dembia Woreda Table A3.1: Malaria - reported cases and incidence (per 10,000 inhabitants), Dembia Woreda, 1-30 September, 2002 Note 1: MPIDP beneficiary kebeles are shaded. Note 2: some kebele boundaries and names have changed Since 2002. Kebele Population No. of Cases Incidence (2002) ( per 10,000) Jangua --. .- - - - r--_ _4J462 - - - 414 928 Chenker Cherkose 7726 347 449 Guramba Bata 5,108 224 -- ,---- 439 Darena 5,572 189 339 Fenja 6,951 195 281 Atakilt r--- 6,446 179 278 M/Kirestos 5£181 126 243 Wokerako . 5,678 131 231 Guarhe 8,290 189 228 - I 1--. .. Kolladiba 15£537 338 218 I Tana Wonia I 7,097 148 209 Environmental and Secia/lmpact Assessment of ahoul 20.000 he BR~ - F?If)P P(fl1]P lat Ri/JI) and Anger 0.'11" Page 7·58 Ministry of Water and Energy Kebele Population No. of Cases Incidence (2002) { per 10,000} Seraba Dabelo 6553 132 201 Gurandi ~33 93_ 189 ~Chillo _~ 5,850 102 174 Tezeba 5864 102 174 Chuahit 8,625 126 146 Gu/Michael 4,956 72 145 ___ 101 145 I ~a ~47 Debir Zuria 10,148 140 11§ Sufankara ___ ~599 111 116 ~ebia -- 7,222 ---r- 83 115 Jarjar --+ ~_1,062 71 - t--_ _ _ _ _101 : "- -- Gorgora 4,720 46 97 Sankisa f-&~mba __ ~ __ ~4 2,240 - I 27 19 ~8 85 I-~erargi~ _ _ _ 3,915 33 84 Ambagualit 4/481 30 _67. -- ~- semra 46 66 --~---- -- 6,930 Fentaye 8-,960 43 53 Mequamia 9,945 53 53 Achera Mariam --- 3,343 --1----- 17 51 Senbet Debir ~056 31 51 Abedeha Dhena 9,901 48 48 Mangie 3,757 17 45 J:@!la .-127 6 i 8 29 Buwa 10178 25 25 Gana 10,294 I 22 21 5,431 15 ~mara , !3 ,Abaworam 5,661 8 14 , ~ndewa 9,542 13 14 Wawocha _6,5~ 5 _8_ ~- 4,672 1 : .~ _Q}~I1_k_§!J'~_____ 6,381 0 0 ~ntir 4,583 0 1 0 Source: Malaria Investigation Report (unpublished) JICA Am RIDS, 2010 Table A3.2: Top Five Diseases, Dembia Woreda, June 2009 to Sep. 2010 For comparison with Table 1 in the main text of this appraisal, Table A3.2 shows the top five diseases in Dembia Woreda according to a JICA-supported infectious disease surveillance project (nAmRIDs"), as reported by local health facilities in Dembia Woreda in Ethiopian year 2002 (2009/10 GC). Source: JICA AmRlDS project, Bahir Dar, 2010 (unpublished data) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20_000 fla Ir{lgorion and Drmnnr;p? Sc/Jen1es at - RtDP Pu!n.p (at Set[J!Ja). Rl/Jb and Ang(}! OElI11 2. Anllo0s B~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7-59 7.9.2 Fogera Woreda Table A3.2: HIV I AIDS· voluntary counselling and testing results in Fogera Woreda between July 2008 and June 2009 Source: Fogera Woreda Health Office, 2001 E.C. Annual Report Table A3.3: Total number of outpatients, number of suspected malaria cases and confirmed malaria cases reported by age group in Fogera Woreda between July 2008 and June 2009 Age Total no. No. No. blood Number confirmed cases by malaria Group outpatients suspected films done species malaria by Plasmodium Plasmodium Mixed cases microscopy falciparum vivax infection 3713 1410 1469 526 10 o I }-4 8824 3787 3531 lOS -- -~~~- -- 5. 5-14 12892 7237 6484 2723 182 10 - >15 32871 15357 14030 7154 388 23 Total 58300 27791 25514 11643 685 38 - -- Pregnant 7154 710 954 199 38 0 women --------- Source: Fogera Woreda Health Office, 2001 E.C. Annual Report Table A3.4: Top ten causes of morbidity in under-five children reported in Fogera Woreda between July 2008 and June 2009 * Total number of all cases is 5318. Source: Fogera Woreda Health Office, 2001 E.C. Annual Report E'nv:ro!'mcrtill drid SociiJl Impilc! Assessment of about 20.000 II? !'!fgot,Of1 8 1 ;d DrF'ti:iag r " Sctlenl~.S 1.-lt t,,1B,Qech PU!1?P (at Seraha). Rlhi.) and 4,fi9c::f OEun . l~f(JP ES/A '';O! 2. 4nJ:t;xes Page 7·60 Ministry of Water and Energy 7.9.3 Libo Kemkem Woreda Table A3.5: Top ten causes of morbidity in under-five children reported from Libo Kemkem Woreda between October 2008 and January 2009 * Total number of all cases is 3408. Source: Libo Kemkem Woreda Health Office, Quarterly Report, Oct. 200B-Jan 2009 7. 10 ApPENDIX 4 - MAps Map 7-1: Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project Map 7-2: Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project DlVironmenlal and Social impact Assessment of a 1)0(11 20.000 fla Inigf1i/v) and Dramage Scllenles at . RIDP Pump (at Seraba! Rlbb and Angel Dam 2 Annexes· B~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 7-1 Map 7-1: Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project Location \ .Li ,,.,.. / :J DEMBIA legend · · ~"i"") · '.· 'IM _"""<)t',~ OM".,,," (=:i o,~,~,:> \"V~J.jo Ml'IK ~. .. M.qKh Pu~ fhbb IlOd ~ D~ ~. ,J'- c lc.M:.tlOfl of "'9lt,hiSef.lboti L. Tana '.....bon PrO,e:) l&~m :165m !~):':':l !;t'5~:::' <@> Env!(onmentai and Social impact Assessment of about 20.000 ila Irrigation and Dramage Scilemes at Megech Pump (at Seraba). Ribb and Angel Dam B~ . RIDP ESIA: Vol. 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-1 8. Annex 8 - Pest Management Plan ESIA REPORT ON RIBB IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE PROJECT Phase 1 Pest Management Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... 8-2 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 8- 3 8.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................8-4 8.1.1 Authors 8-4 8.1.2 Background 8-4 8.1.2.1 The Study 8-4 8.1.2.2 World Bank Policy 8-4 8.1.3 Purpose and Contents of this Phase 1 PMP 8-5 8.1.3.1 Purpose 8-5 8.1.3.2 Contents 8-6 8.2 CURRENT SITUATION ..........................................................................8-6 8.2.1 Pests and Diseases in the Command Area 8-6 8.2.1.1 Crop Pests and Diseases 8-6 8.2.1.2 Vertebrate Pests 8-8 8.2.1.3 Livestock Pests and Diseases 8-8 8.2.2 Pest Control Practices in Command Area 8-8 8.2.2.1 Crops 8-8 8.2.2.2 Livestock 8-9 8.2.2.3 Human Resources 8-9 8.2.3 Regulatory and Institutional Framework 8-10 8.2.3.1 Policy, Laws and Regulations 8-10 8.2.3.2 Institutions 8-11 8.2.4 Experience with IPM 8-11 8.2.4.1 IPM 8-11 8.2.4.2 National Experience with IPM 8-12 8.2.4.3 Local Experience with IPM 8-12 fn.';:onmental ami Socia/Impact Assessment of about 20.000 lie "I~ii'lt/(;ti Cl'ICi Ominag(' Schemes at Megech Pump (at Seral)a). Ri/J/J 81l,j Angel Oa!" - RIOP ESIA Vol Anl!exes Page 8-2 Ministry of Water and Energy 8.3 FUTURE SITUATION WITH AND WITHOUT MITIGATION ............................... 8-13 8.3.1 Feasibility Study Proposals for Pest Management 8-13 8.3.2 Impact Scenarios 8-13 8.3.3 Risks 8-14 8.3.4 Compliance with IPM Principles 8-14 8.3.5 To Move Towards IPM 8-14 8.3.5.1 Objectives 8-14 8.3.5.2 Capacity Building for IPM 8-15 8.3.5.3 Possible Activities 8-15 8.3.5.4 Authorised Pesticides 8-19 8.3.5.5 Monitoring and Evaluation 8-19 8.3.5.6 Indicative Budgets 8-19 8.4 REFERENCES .................................................................................. 8-21 8.5 APPENDIX 1: PERSONS AND ORGANISATIONS CONTACTED .......................... 8-22 8.6 APPENDIX 2: ITINERARy .................................................................... 8-24 8.6.1 Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project 8-24 8.6.2 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project 8-24 8.7 APPENDIX 3: LISTS OF BANNED AND REGISTERED PESTiCiDES ..................... 8-25 8.7.1 Banned Pesticides 8-25 8.7.2 Registered Pesticides, April 2010 8-25 8.7.2.1 List of Registered Pesticides (Insecticides) 8-26 8.7.2.2 List of Registered Pesticides (Herbicides) 8-32 8.7.2.3 List of Registered Pesticides (Fungicides) 8-35 LIST OF TABLES Table 8-1 Crops: Relative Importance of Different Pests and Diseases ............................................. 8-6 Table 8-2 Insect Pests in Project Area .........................................................................................8-6 Table 8-3 Crops: Common Diseases ...........................................................................................8-7 Table 8-4: Crops: Common Weeds ............................................................................................. 8-7 Table 8-5 Draft Planning Matrix, for development during Phase 2 .................................................. 8-16 Table 8-6 Components, Activities and Expected Results of PMP ..................................................... 8-17 Table 8-7: Indicative Costs of Typical PMP Activities in the Field (ETB) ........................................... 8-20 Envirollmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha Imgatloll and Drainage Schemes at Megeci) Pump (at SeraIJa) Rlbb and Anger Dam RIOP ESIA Vol 2 AI!!)(,XGS' Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-3 ABBREVIATIONS ARARI Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute BP Bank Procedure Bt Bacillus thuringiensis BoARD Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development BoEPLAU Bureau of Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use (formerly EPLAUA) BoWRD Bureau of Water Resource Development DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane EA Environmental Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ENRIDP Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project EPLAUA Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority (now BoEPLAU) ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations IPM Integrated Pest Management IVM Integrated Vector Management MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MCE Metaferia Consulting Engineers MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MPIDP Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project NGO Non Governmental Organization OP Operational Policy PHC Plant Health Clinic PMP Pest Management Plan POP Persistent Organic Pollutant QSAE Quality and Standards Agency of. Ethiopia RIDP Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project SC-UK Save the Children United Kingdom TOR Terms of Reference TOT Training of Trainers URL Uniform resource locator WB World Bank WHO World Health Organisation Environmental and Social Assessment of about 20.000 iJa {lr!ydtlt)11 unGDrainage Schefnes at Pump (al SGra/Ja) .Ribb and Auge/ Dam -RIDe vor 2, Ann£~xes Page 8-4 Ministry of Water and Energy ESIA REPORT ON RIBB IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE PROJECT Phase 1 Pest Management Plan 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.1.1 Authors Agronomist/Extension Expert, responsible for field surveys and report preparation: Tibebu Tessema email: , tel: 0911-428-350 ESIA Team Leader, responsible for report expansion and editing: James Ramsay Environmental SpeCialist, 8RLi, France Email: , tel: 0910-196-376 8.1.2 Background 8.1.2.1 The Study BRLi (France) in association with Metaferia Consulting Engineers (MCE: Ethiopia) has been awarded a contract by the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) to carry out an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study of three proposed irrigation and drainage schemes. Two of the schemes are located in the floodplains around Lake Tana (Megech at Seraba, a pumped scheme, and Ribb, dependent on a dam and reservoir). This Pest Management Plan (PMP) relates to the Megech and Ribb schemes. The proposed Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project (MPIDP) is located on the north side of Lake Tana in Dembia Woreda. Some 4,000 of low-lying land will be irrigated from the lake by pumping to a main canal and subsequent gravity irrigation. It is intended that the existing small-holder mixed farming system based on flood recession and rainfed cropping and livestock husbandry will be transformed into a commercially-oriented agricultural system, based on reorganised small-scale family farms. The Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) is similar, except that it will use water stored behind a dam on the Ribb River (now under construction). and will service two woredas, Fogera and Ubo Kemkem. 8.1.2.2 World Bank Policy The projects' international sponsor is the World Bank ("the 8ank", or W8). One of the 8ank's operational policies (OP) concerns pest management (OP 4.09 Pest Management, Dec. 1998). The policy states that: · In assisting borrowers to manage pests that affect either agriculture or public health, the Bank supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or enVironmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. In 8ank-financed projects, the borrower addresses pest management issues in the context of the project's environmental assessment. · In appraising a project that will involve pest management, the Bank assesses the capacity of the country's regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. As necessary, the Bank and the borrower incorporate in the project components to strengthen such capacity. EnVIfDilmentill and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 IJiJ !trlgd/iOIl and Drainage Schemes ill Megech Pump (at SeralJa). Ribb and Anger Dam - RIDP ESIA Vol. 2 Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy. Page 8-5 OP 4.09 applies to all Bank lending, whether or not the loan finances pesticides. Even if Bank lending for pesticides is not involved, an agricultural development project may lead to substantially increased pesticide use and subsequent environmental problems - as in this case. Therefore the pOlicy applies to both the MPIDP and RIDP. The policy also states that: · In Bank-financed agriculture operations, pest populations are normally controlled through IPM approaches, such as biological control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest (see Section 7.2.4.1). Procedures for assessing pest management issues are described in the Bank's policy on environmental assessment (OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, Jan. 1999), specifically in Annex C of the supporting Bank Procedure (BP 4.01 - Annex C Application of EA to Projects Involving Pest Management). When significant pest management issues are associated with a project, the environmental management plan (EMP) developed during the EA process should include a pest management plan (PMP: see Box 1). Pest Management Plan A pest management plan is a comprehensive plan, developed when there are significant pest management issues such as (a) new land-use development or changed cultivation practices in an area, (b) significant expansion into new areas, (c) diversification into new crops in agriculture, (d) intensification of existing low-technology systems, (e) proposed procurement of relatively hazardous pest control products or methods, or (f) specific environmental or health concerns (e.g., proximity of protected areas or important aquatic resources; worker safety). A pest management plan reflects the policies set out in OP 4.09, Pest Management. The plan is designed to minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment and to advance ecologically based IPM. Source: BP 4.01 - Annex C (World Bank 1999) 8.1.3 Purpose and Contents of this Phase 1 PMP 8.1.3.1 Purpose Both the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the Ethiopian Nile Irrigation & Drainage Project (ENIDP) and the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the project's Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) specify the preparation of a pest management plan (PMP). BP 4.01 - Annex C describes a two-phase procedure for developing a PMP. The first phase of the plan an initial reconnaissance to identify the main pest problems and their contexts (ecological, agricultural, public health, economic, and institutional) and to define broad parameters - is carried out as part of project preparation and is evaluated at appraisal. The second phase - development of specific operational plans to address the pest problems identified - is often carried out as a component of the project itself. Accordingly, an initial reconnaissance has been carried out involving (i) desktop review of available information, (ii) meetings with relevant national, and regional institutions, (iii) meetings with key informants in the project area. The results are presented in this report which is intended to: · Meet the requirements for a Phase 1 Pest Management Plan for the RIDP in terms of Bank procedures for project preparation. · Establish the basiS for development of a Phase 2 Pest Management Plan early in project implementation (further steps noted in the Bank's annotated TOR for preparation of a PMP in the Africa Region 13 are (i) a stakeholders consultation; (ii) elaboration of the second phase of the PMP; (iii) a second stakeholders consultation; and (iv) finalisation of the PMP). 13 WB website. Annotated Terms of Reference for the Preparation of a Pest Management Plan (PMP). For URL see References. Envirol7l'lbl!al and Sociallmpi3ct As:oessmelll of 3tcul 20.000 ha ";;:,;t'1110,') ern! D"ai/laqe Sc.htlJ1e0 at PUOJjl {at Seral)c.:} Ft.")l) and Anger Oanl " ~ - F~/DP AU/I!?xAS ~ Page 8·6 Ministry of Water and Energy 8.1.3.2 Contents This Phase 1 PMP addresses the four major issues noted in Bank guidelines for PMPs under the two main headings "Current Situation" and "Future Situation with and without Mitigation". The four major issues are: · Pest management approaches · Pesticide use and management · Policy, regulatory framework and institutional capacity · Monitoring and evaluation Outline Terms of Reference (TOR) for development of a Phase 2 PMP are attached at Annex 12 of this volume. 8.2 CURRENT SITUATION 8.2.1 Pests and Diseases in the Command Area 8.2.1.1 Crop Pests and Diseases Farmers in the Ribb command area practise un-mechanised mixed agriculture on small plots. Cereals are grown as a staple, with additional crops being pulses, oilseeds and small amounts of vegetables and spices, some of which are sold for cash. Cattle are kept for draught power (cultivation) and other products and services such as milk, manure, and cash in kind, donkeys are kept for transport. Other important livestock are sheep, goats and poultry, with beekeeping an important enterprise for some farmers. The major cereal crops are rice, sorghum, maize and teff, in that order. Chickpeas and grass peas are the most important pulses (legume). The cropping intenSity is 113% (Table B.1-9, RIDP FS). Crop pests and diseases cause major economic losses. The relative importance of different causes in the project area is illustrated in Table 8-1. Although no systematic loss assessments have been undertaken in Amhara region, the annual losses are believed to be very high, with annual pre-and post-harvest losses estimated at 20-30% and 10% respectively (Bahir Dar Plant Health Clinic (PHC». Horticultural crops are at especial risk. Table 8-1 Crops: Relative Importance of Different Pests and Diseases Pest or Disease Proportion of Damage (%) Insects 37 I Weeds 26 1-- Storage pests 20 Plant diseases 12 I Other (inc. birds, ratsetc.) 5 Source: adapted from Table 6.1-20, RIDP Feasibility Study Common insect pests in the command area are listed in Table 8-2. These fall into two major categories: migratory. pests such as the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta), with outbreaks occurring about every four years causing considerable damage to cereals and grasses, and regular or endemiC pests such as red teffworm, barley shoot fly, grasshoppers, cutworms and stalk borers. Table 8-2 Insect Pests in Project Area Erl'f!onmenlai and Socia/Impact AssessllIent nf about 20.000 l7a //rigaliOn and Drainage Schemes at Pump (at SelalJa) RiI,'t; and Anger Dam RIDP 2, Annexes· Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-7 Insect Pest Crop Extent of Damage Barley shootfly Grasshopper Teff, -'----t-- barley maize, sorghum Millet, teff, High ~--~-- .~--------t----------------~----~---~------+-- Cutworm Cotton, ''':''''I<:1,'",n Boll worm Cotton, tomatoes, peppers, pulses I Stalk (stem) borer I Maize, sorghum __ Aph_id_S_~____-t_v_e..::g_e ta_b_le_s-,-,_b_a_rl~ey _ _ _ _ ___-t_ _ _ ._~~~h_ _ ___________ Armyworm Cereals, ~_______~ ___________________________J________________ __________ nr;'C::<'pc:: Very ~ ~ Source: adapted from Table B.1-21, RIDP Feasibility Study As is indicated in a recent ARARI report (Akalu Teshome et al. 2009), the species composition of pests is more or less the same among the three project woredas. All of them lie within the same agroecozone and ecological context, i.e the floodplains of around Lake Tana. Crop diseases are also a major production constraint (Table 8-3). Table 8-3 Crops: Common Diseases Disease Crop Extent of Damage Root rot Peppers, onions, chickpeas ------- Rust Barley, wheat, sorghum, maize -- Septoria Wheat Medium Powdery mildew Deppers,l-" onions Late blight Potatoes Source: adapted from Table B.1-25, RIDP Feasibility Study All crops are affected by weeds (Table 8-4). Some of the most serious damage is caused by parasitic weeds such as Striga and Field dodder. Striga can cause total crop loss in maize and sorghum. Numerous other weeds affect crops, springing up every year depending on crop type, farming system, rainfall, flood intenSity, antecedent crops and cultivations, etc. Farmers' perceptions are that weed infestation and diversity is rapidly increasing, especially closer to the lake: floods bring silt, but also weeds. A significant new problem is the invasion of grazing areas by unpalatable species such as Amekyla (Hygrophila auriculata) and Yemogn fir (Xanthium strumarium: Common or Rough Cocklebur). Table 8-4: Crops: Common Weeds Source: adapted from Table B.1-24, RIDP Feasibility Study EilVilonnJ(~Jltt1! and Sociall!np3ct ASSeSS!11ent of ahout 20 OOG ha OU:iinagt: Schellif<';-' ot A4egec/l PUfnr (at Selal1aL Rd~"I) Gnd Angel O&rl1 Ri[;P fSIA V(lt A/;Ilexe~ Page 8-8 Ministry of Water and Energy Crops are also subject to attack and spoliation during storage. Storage facilities typically comprise gottera (above-ground woven bamboo baskets), sacks, and gudguad (pit excavated in the ground). Above- ground storage is especially susceptible to attack by rats and weevils. 8.2.1.2 Vertebrate Pests In addition to the ubiquitous House Mouse (Mus musculus) and Black Rat (Rattus rattus) which cause major damage to stored crops, birds are considered pests in the area: · 8irds, especially Cranes and Geese, sometimes forage in standing crops before harvest, bringing them into conflict with farmers. Although in Ethiopia birds (like other wildlife) are protected by religious customs and (to a small extent) by law, farmers may harass and persecute birds attacking their crops. Other areas around Lake Tana report crop damage from Vervet Monkey and Baboon, and night-time predation by Hyaena, but these animals do not appear to cause significant problems in the Ribb command area. 8.2.1.3 Livestock Pests and Diseases The main livestock diseases in the area are (i) epizootic diseases (diseases which can affect a large number of animals at the same time within a particular region or geographic area), and (ii) endemic zoonotic diseases (diseases transmissible from animals to humans). Epizootic diseases occurring in the area include contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, lumpy skin disease, foot and mouth disease, Newcastle disease, and sheep and goat pox. Other economically important epizootic diseases are African trypanosomiasis (Nagana), endoparasitosis and ectoparasitosis (RIDP Feasibility Study), and African horse sickness. Endemic zoonotic diseases include bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, cysticercosis, hydatidosis, rabies and anthrax. 8.2.2 Pest Control Practices in Command Area 8.2.2.1 Crops At present crop pest and disease control is limited by a combination of lack of knowledge, lack of eqUipment, lack of supplies, and lack of finance. Dembia, Fogera and Libo Kemkem Woreda farmers, particularly the twenty eight peasant associations included in the two projects, take various measures to minimise or avoid pest infestations - use of disease reSistant cultivars, weeding and some application of insecticide and herbicides. Weed control is generally achieved through a combination of tillage - seedbed preparation by several passes of the traditional ox-drawn plough (maresha) - and subsequent inter-row weed control cultivations in row crops. Broadcast crops such as teff are hand-weeded. In addition to these traditional techniques, 39% of the respondents in the RIDP's socio-economic survey reported use of herbicides and 65% reported using pesticides. However, comprehensive data on pesticide use in the command area are not available. Various sources indicate that the following pesticides are in common use: · Insecticides: malathion 50% EC, fenithrothion 50% EC, endosulfan 35% EC, diazinon 60% EC, and chloropyrifos-ethyl 48% EC, for various insect pests in crops. Also, unauthorised insecticides such as DDT are used for the control of red teff worm and household pests. DDT is officially banned (see Appendix 3), but its use in agriculture is reported by the Bahir Dar Plant Health Clinic. The source is unknown - the only legal use of DDT is for malaria control by the Bureau of Health. · Herbicides: broadleaf weeds in the cereals teff, wheat, maize and sorghum may be controlled by applying 2,4-D 720 g/I A.E. · Fungicides: mancozeb, used against tomato and potato blights. Environmental i)/Jd Social Impact Assessment of about 20. 000 ha !rngation ami Drainage Schemes at B~ Pump (af SeraIJa) Rib!) and Ange! Dam · RIDP ES!A 2 Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-9 · Storage: pirimiphos-methyl 2% dust and aluminium phosphide 56% tablets may be used for the control of storage pests. Thiram 80% wp is used for the control of seed decay in sorghum and maize. Bromadiaolone rodenticide is used for the control of rats in both houses and stores. Control of birds and wild animals is mainly done by using traditional methods such s scarecrows, chasing and killing of the animals. 8.2.2.2 Livestock The Woreda, Zonal and Regional bureaus of Agriculture and Rural Development (WoARD, ZoARD and BoARD) provide veterinary services for livestock, including vaccines against epizootic and endemic zoonotic diseases. Internal parasites are treated by applying de-worming techniques every 3 -6 months. External parasites such as ticks and others are treated by spraying or by dipping sick animals at the vet cliniCS, formerly using organophosphate insecticides and now using other preparations, including formulations of diazinon and deltamethrin. 8.2.2.3 Human Resources Studies of pesticide use in Ethiopia indicate that although farmers are aware that pesticides are poisonous, their responses still create "a major occupational health risk" (Arne 2004). In particular, some pesticides are often sold in non-standard containers without instructions in Amharic, effective protective clothing and equipment is seldom available, on-farm storage sites are highly hazardous, used containers are washed out in local waterbodies and the containers re-used, and attitudes reveal low knowledge of safe practices (see, e.g. Mekonnen & Agonafir 2002). A group at special risk is the "professional sprayers" who have their own spraying equipment (typically a backpack) and work for hire (Photo 8-1). Data on pesticide pOisoning and environmental contamination in Ethiopia is very difficult to obtain because no system exists for regular monitoring of the risks associated with pesticide use. Arne (2004) in her study in Butajira found that poisoning with agrochemicals is not believed to be a major health problem, compared to other types of injuries or diseases, for farmers. Photo 8-1: Aphid treatment, Grass peas (Guaya), Fogera Plain, Jan. 2009 The standard crop packages include recommendations for use of pesticides. Woreda and kebele Development Agents promote the packages and deliver some training to farmers through the Farmer Training Centres ( tnVfnAlt71cntal and Sociaf trnpact ASs(;'sSl1ient of aL'Qut 20,000 I/a Dian 1CJ9f' SC!I&mes ell Pump (at SeraiJcI). Rilll) and Any&/ Oal1' RiOP A/Jnexes Page 8-10 Ministry of Water and Energy Photo 8-2). Consequently farmers in the command area are aware that pesticides are poisonous and can have harmful impacts on human beings, animals and the environment, and many have some rudimentary knowledge of precautionary measures such as use of protective clothing, safe storage, cleaning of spray equipment, washing after completing spraying activities, and observing re-entry periods. However this knowledge is seldom implemented effectively in practice. A significant factor that will constrain uptake of IPM practices is the attitude that pesticides are modern "medicines" that can cure all the problems affecting a crop. Enviro"!1lenla/and Social Assessment of about 20.000 lia frngatloll al)d Drainage SciJemes at PU'llP (at Seraha). RiLll) am! kl{JF'r Dsm RIDP 2. Anllexc,,, Ministry of Water and Energy Pape 8-11 Photo 8-2: Farmer Training Centre, Ribb Command Area, April 2010 B.2.3 Regulatory and Institutional Framework 8.2.3.1 Policy, Laws and Regulations In accordance with the UN Millennium Development Goals, the Government of Ethiopia is committed to achieving food security and reducing poverty by the year 2015 (MoFED 2006). Ethiopia's chances of success in this endeavour are largely dependent on its agricultural development. To this effect, the Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP) is being implemented (MARD 2006). This strategy envisages a several-fold increase in productivity, production and export volumes of both crops and livestock. As was stated in Azerefegne & Abate (2007), a detailed review of pesticide regulation in Ethiopia can be found in Gordon et al (1995) and Abate & Fenta (2003). Ethiopia enacted its pesticide regulation in 1990. Pesticide Regulation and Control Council of State Special Decree No. 20/1990 prohibits the manufacture, import, sale or use of any pesticide not registered in accordance with the decree. The Pesticide Registration Council of Ethiopia has registered a total of 177 pesticides consisting of 108 insecticides, 55 herbicides, and 19 fungicides (Appendix 3). Under the Decree, a National Pesticide Advisory Committee has been established to advise MARD on implementation of the decree. The plant quarantine service started its operation based on the 1971 Plant Protection Degree No 56/1971, followed by Plant Quarantine Regulation No. 4/1992 which authorises MARD to control the movement of plants and plant products within Ethiopia, with the aim of avoiding the introduction of exotic plant pests. Quality control is the responsibility of the Quality and Standards Agency of Ethiopia (QSAE). The MARD pesticides laboratory at Sholla, Addis Ababa, has some capacity for checking pesticides, but in general the ability to regulate pesticides in Ethiopia is limited by inadequate laboratory facilities and both human and material resources. The capability to analyse reSidues is an essential component of pesticide regulation because it enables a regulatory agency to determine if pesticide residues in agricultural and animal products are within the levels (or pesticide tolerances) allowed in the country (Azerefegne & Abate 2007). Ethiopia has adopted the tolerances established by WHO/FAO, but there is no way to enforce them (Gordon et al. 1995). Environrnen!al and Social ASSeS-Sfl)enl of aboul 20.000 he BR~ and D/all/age Sclramos al PU1np (at SOlaba). Rlbl) and AnUC.i [);;m RIDP ESIA \/'.' , Annexes Page 8-12 Ministry of Water and Energy There is no separate policy on IPM in Ethiopia or any developed IPM implementation strategy. Similarly there is nor formal policy on organic agriculture or the development, quality control and marketing of organic produce. However, according to Azerefegne & Abate (2007) a draft crop protection policy that emphasises IPM as a preferred approach to pest management has been prepared. The draft document is incorporated in the National Agriculture Policy, which has not been implemented up to now. In addition, a draft regulation on the import and release of biological control agents for the control of pests has been developed and awaits approval for its implementation. Ethiopia is a signatory to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), and has established this in domestic law through Proclamation 279/2002. 8.2.3.2 Institutions MoARD's Animal and Plant Health Directorate plays a major role in the import and distribution of pesticides in the country, and also provides training to staff working in plant health clinics (PHCs) around the country. In turn, the staff members of the plant health clinics are involved in training of field extension workers and farmers. This directorate has the usual structure, with units at regional, zonal and woreda level. However, due to lack of facilities, trained personnel and funds, inspection tasks such as checking on package, labelling, test for quality and residue in plant parts, animals and soils are not taking place as expected. Local distribution of pesticides is carried out by the Agricultural Inputs Supply Corporation (AISCO) and by cooperative organisations located in the regionai, zonal and woreda headquarter towns (Wereta, Addis Zemen). There is little official private sector distribution of pesticides, but significant informal activity. Pest management advice is mainly delivered through the extension system run by MoARD and the BoARD. Crop protection experts from the national agricultural research system and higher learning institutions can provide advice to farmers around their study areas. Research tends to focus on single pest issues, rather than taking the holistic approach necessary for effective IPM. The Crop Protection Society of Ethiopia provides advice by organising an annual conference, the publication of journals, proceedings and leaflets etc. 8.2.4 Experience with IPM 8.2.4.1 IPM Integrated Pest Management (IPM) refers to a mix of farmer-driven, ecologically based pest control practices that seeks to reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. It involves (a) managing pests (keeping them below economically damaging levels) rather than seeking to eradicate them; (b) relying, to the extent pOSSible, on non-chemical measures to keep pest populations low; and (c) selecting and applying pesticides, when they have to be used, in a way that minimises adverse effects on beneficial organisms, humans, and the environment. As noted in den Belder & Elings (2007), IPM techniques can be separated into two major groups: (i) relatively straightforward replacements for chemicals, and (ii) supporting measures. Chemical replacements include: · Biological control: the introduction of insects, mites, micro-organisms that prey on or parasitise harmful species. · Biopesticides: these have a pathogenic micro-organism as the active ingredient, for example a bacterium or a virus (for example, Bt). · Botanicals: botanical pesticides contain plant extracts that have biocidal properties (for example, neem). · Semiochemicals: chemicals (especially pheromones) are used to stimulate particular behaviours or interactions between indiVidual insects so as to control pests. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha Imgation alld Drainage Schemes at Megeefl Pump (at Seraba) Flibb ami Angel Dam RIDP ESIA Vol 2 Al1lloXOS . Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-13 Cho'osing appropriate measures is not straightforward and requires significant understanding of the interactions between environment, crop, pest and predator. The scientific basis for farmer decision making in biological control depends on detailed knowledge of the life histories of pests and their natural enemies, crop ecology, and interactions within the agro-ecosystem. Farmer participation and learning are essential. Supporting measures include traditional methods of pest control as used in subsistence farming systems: cultural control (e.g., intercropping), habitat manipulation (e.g., creating diversity), mechanical and physical control, natural biological systems, and host plant resistance. 8.2.4.2 National Experience with IPM Abate (2006) states that "a fair amount of knowledge exists on IPM of several crop pests in Ethiopia. Some of it has already been put into practical use, some studies are currently ongoing, and a lot remains to be done in the times ahead. The focus appears to be on migratory insect pests such as the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta), the African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratoroides) and the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and on a number of regular (non-migratory) insect pests in open-field crops. It appears that a renewed effort is required, with more attention for insect pests of relevance to protected cultivation". There is significant interest in the application of IPM to the rapidly-expanding floriculture industry, which is beset by spider mites and in which agrochemicals, mainly pesticides, comprise 24% of the cut-flower value chain (den Belder & Elings 2007). As topiCS, IPM and extension methods continue to attract Ethiopian agricultural research students (see, for example, Babur Damtie Endalew 2009). 8.2.4.3 Local Experience with IPM As noted by Azerefegne & Abate (2007), some successful IPM projects have been implemented by the BoARD, the research system and NGOs. An IPM working group was established in the Amhara Region comprising experts from Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute (ARARI), BoARD, the Bahir Dar and Kombolcha Plant Health Clinics and Save the Children (SC-UK) as members. The experts regularly met and planned IPM activities to be implemented with farmers. The group performed activities including training of crop protection staff, development agents and farmers on various aspects of IPM. Pilot projects on the management of Wollo bush cricket (Decticoides brevipennis, locally Degezza) and sorghum chafer grub (Pachnoda interrupta) were tried, using mechanical means (e.g. hand picking, making trenches, etc.), sanitation, and pesticide baiting or spraying on trap crops. The most important accomplishment was a reduction in the demand for pesticides from farmers to control these pests (Azerefegne & Abate 2007). Continuation of the group's work depends one external funding, and it is now non-functional. Ellvirollmcmlai and Social Impact Assessmen! of about 20.000 ha B~ "iI9&II0I1 an.:! Drainage Schemes at Megecl1 Pump fat Seraba). Ri!W and Anger . RIDP ESiA: VOl 2 Annexe~ f)2-1J) Page 8-14 Ministry of Water and Energy 8.3 FUTURE SITUATION WITH AND WITHOUT MITIGATION 8.3.1 Feasibility Study Proposals for Pest Management The purpose of RIDP and MPIDP is to intensify and commercialise small-scale agriculture. Almost invariably such increases in production are associated with increased external inputs, including agrochemicals. As stated in the RIDP Feasibility Study "More intensive cropping raises the level of foliar and soil-borne pest populations, requiring more systematic crop protection and use of pesticides." In response to these requirements, the Feasibility Study (Chapter C, Section 1.9.1) states that "Pest control will rely on the formulation of IPM principles ... " and that "Advisers will train growers in pest scouting and control practices, emphasising environmentally friendly practices." Furthermore, "Crop protection extension specialists will be needed, together with the involvement of a plant clinic operated by university or research stations (sic) to identify pests." Coordination of extension, research, training, demonstrations and site-specific know-how will be carried out by " ... an agricultural services and training centre established under the project ... ", and (Chapter C, Section 1.9.4) "Recommendations regarding chemical application will be determined by the extension services." The Feasibility Study goes on to describe a proposed comprehensive extension-advisory system including regional and project-level extension specialists; researchers; internationally-trained trainers; regional field advisors with offices, communications and field equipment, "modern extension practices" including model farms, crop monitoring, field days, in-field verbal extension, written recommendations, and "educated and centralised pest control"; field trials and applied agricultural research; a monitoring and evaluation programme; and "full-fledged field extension activities" for producers. The Feasibility Study does not provide any detailed description of this comprehensive organisation or its funding, and does not provide any further information on IPM or pest management. 8.3.2 Impact Scenarios In practice, the present system for control and application of pesticides in Ethiopia is weak and only partially regulated. In the absence of the comprehensive extension organisation and high-knowledge environment described in the Feasibility Study, the project is almost certain to result in a significant increase in inefficient or ineffective pest control practices, including increased improper use and disposal of pesticides. Of most concern is the likelihood of increased unregulated use of insecticides on commercial crops, especially vegetables and rice. Pest are regarded by farmers to be the most important limiting factor for crops in the moister areas near the lake, especially cutworm (Akalu Teshome et al. 2009). In addition, there is a possibility of increased levels of herbicide application for weed control. For example, recommendations for crop pest management given in the recent detailed ARARI report on agricultural potentials, constraints and opportunities in the Megech and Ribb areas (Akalu Teshome et a/. 2009) include: · Cutworm: irrigate fields two days before application to drive larvae close to the surface, then apply carbaryl, chlorpyrifos or trichlorfon (at present malathion is used). · Aphids on pulses: spray aphicides (dimethoate, pirimicarb, pirimiphos-methyl) just before flowering and again at pod stage. Other requirements for pest control include the removal of potential host plants from around fields, which will contribute to the sterilisation of the landscape and loss of beneficial insects and predators. Environmental and Sociallmpacl Assossment of aboul 20.000 /Ja Irngalwn and Or81!wge Schernes al Plimp (al SeralJa) Ribb and Anger Dam - RtOP 2 Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-15 8.3.3 Risks Increased use of pesticides without associated major improvements in knowledge, attitude and practice in chemical application, equipment, storage and container disposal will: · Increase existing hazards and risks, both of occupational exposure (farmers, sprayers) and local residents. · In addition, drift and runoff will rapidly enter the aquatic environment which is closely linked to Lake Tana, with potentially significant consequences for aquatic wildlife and the associated food chain (e.g. fish, protected migratory birds). · Impacts on bees and other pollinators will increase further, since some of the chemicals now in use or recommended (e.g. carbaryl, chlorpyrifos) are highly toxic to honeybees 14 . This matches concerns at national level, summarised by Azerefegne and Abate (2007) as: "Pesticides/active ingredients causing most concern include organochlorines such as endosulfan and pyrethroids (such as deltamethrin, cypermethrin, etc.). Concerns from pesticide arise from three major areas. These are environmental, toxicological and economic (possibility of products being rejected due to residues). Persistent pesticides such as endosulfan belong to the chlorinated hydrocarbons and are cause for concern both in terms of the environment as well as their residue on crops. Many of the organophosphates and pyrethroids have high levels of toxicity (mostly in WHO class II category). In addition, pyrethroids are broad spectrum pesticides and as such kill all organisms including natural enemies and therefore can cause secondary outbreaks, as has been noticed in the outbreak of red spider mites in onions in the Awash valley." 8.3.4 Compliance with IPM Principles The Feasibility Study proposes pest management in accordance with IPM principles, but without providing practical details of the large, skilled extension and research service necessary to ensure this. Therefore further development of the project's pest management proposals is necessary to develop implementable, sustainable solutions and reduce the risks to acceptable levels. 8.3.5 To Move Towards IPM S.3.S.1 Objectives General Objectives · Ensure the project develops and implements an IPM approach, including biological control, appropriate cultural practices and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to pests (WB OP.4.09). · Develop and implement a holistic IPM approach as discussed in den Belder & Elings (2007), in which multiple practices are implemented throughout the entire production period. Specific Objectives · Develop a Phase 2 PMP. · Embed the Phase 2 PMP in the project as a key component of (i) its conceptual approach to commercialisation of smallholder agriculture, and (ii) as a practical element affecting all aspects of extension and training. · Establish an IPM delivery system, from research through to the farmer. · Implement participatory approaches in IPM for farmers to learn, test, select and implement IPM options to reduce losses due to pests and diseases. 14 See http://www.beesfordevelopmenLorg/info/info/pesticides/bees-pesticides.shtml EnVilomnontal 8!-d Socia! !mpact Assessment of about 20 000 /Ja I, iJ'"f 0lCll1l890 Scll0rnes at Mage,el l Pump (at Salata). RilJb and AlIgc·! Oall' . RiDP ESfA VnJ ?, Anllf:X'es Page 8-16 Ministry of Water and Energy · Establish a monitoring system that provides early warning on pest status, beneficial species, regular and migratory pests. · Collaborate with other IPM programmes to develop national IPM policy. 8.3.5.2 Capacity Building for IPM Implementation of an IPM approach in line with Bank policy - and as required on occupational health and environmental grounds - will require a major increase in capacity at several levels: · Research: to develop measures which are economically effective under command area physical, ecological and social conditions. · Delivery: training of trainers in IPM. · Farmers: to understand and apply IPM. · Monitoring: to provide the advance warning of pest build-ups required for management, and to verify control measures, as well as to measure the performance of the IPM capacity building activities themselves. Key players in this system wilt be BoARD, ARARI, the regional plant health clinics, and WoARD staff, together with support from parent or parallel organisations at national level (MoARD and other elements of the agricultural research and training system). There should also be a link to markets, especially if a line of organic products is developed. NGOs may have a role, but whilst useful for temporary support they tend not to provide institutional sustainability. IPM is for the long-term, given the fragility of the Lake Tana ecosystem and the development pressures rapidly building. Under the project (RIDP) the organisational framework for this is provided by ENIDP Component·2. 8.3.5.3 Possible Activities Table 8-5 presents a draft planning matrix for development and implementation of IPM within the RIDP, as the basis for discussion during development of the Phase 2 PMP. Similarly, Table 8-6 presents an outline of activities, expected results, milestones and performance indicators involved in and expected from implementation of the PMP. The recommended next stage is development of a Phase 2 PMP through: · Consultation with stakeholders, primarily MoARD/BoARD, ARARI, MoWE and the World Bank. · Elaboration of the Phase 2 PMP (organisational details, firm budgets etc). · Second round of consultation. · Finalisation of PMP document. This will require the services of an experienced rPM specialist to act as both principal technical resource person and facilitator. National expertise is available, but international expertise is recommended as well to provide the in-depth IPM experience, international contacts and understanding of project preparation required for smooth integration of this major activity into existing plans for project delivery. Outline TOR for the development of a Phase 2 PMP are attached at Annex 12 of this volume of the ESIA report, together with an indicative budget. Environmental and Social impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha {Ingatlon and Dfainage Schemes at Megech Pump (at Seraba), RfLlb and Anger Dam - RIDP ESIA. Vol. 2 A!J!lexfJ" Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-1 Table 8-5 Draft Planning Matrix, for development during Phase 2 Goal Empower crop and livestock · Food security enhanced, · Evidence of improvements · Project effectively builds farmers to protect their health environmental quality improved in food availability, level of IPM capacity and and the environment and crop and livestock productivity poverty and environmental delivers appropriate contribute significantly to and farmers' income increased protection in RIDP, and training, inputs and household economies through lack of health impacts information environmentally friendly pest (poisoning) management practices Purpose Medium-term results!outcomes 1. In the immediate future · Farmers in RIDP identify IPM · Availability of sufficient halt and reverse losses caused opportunities to mitigate food by pests in order to increase negative environmental and · Perception of state profitability of project area social impacts associated with agencies regarding the agriculture pesticides value of IPM in RIDP 2. In the longer term · Farmers in RIDP adopt agriculture strengthen national and local ecologically sound options to · Level of compliance with capacity to reduce reduce crop and livestock losses World Bank policies etc. enVironmental and health risks with minimal personal and associated with pest environmental health risks · Level of chemical control management practices in the practices · RIDP decision makers provided RIDP with clearer guidelines enabling · Types and level of use of them to promote IPM alternatives to synthetic approaches and options in pesticides project area agriculture · Collaborative linkages established to develop a national IPM policy EnVIronmental and SOCIal Impact Assessment of about 20.000 lit! B~ Iff/gatlon and Drarnage Schemes at Megech Pump (at Seraba) Ribh and Anger Dam ~ - RIDP ESIA' Vol. 2. Annexes· Page 8-18 Ministry of Water and Energy Table 8-6 Components, Activities and Expected Results of PMP 1. Record stakeholders' Result 1: Members of · Pest problems diagnosed and · Type and nature of Social, economic and views on crop and livestock RIDP and other relevant related IPM opportunities partiCipatory methods for political situations pests. stakeholder group identified. problem analysis remain stable 2. Conduct field diagnosis develop common understanding of key pest · Potential constraints farmers · Documented information to specify pests that affect may face in the use of the on the status of pests and RIDP problems and agree on technologies specified. natural enemies of pest corrective action. and pollinators in RIDP 3. Identify farmers' coping · Pest lists including quarantine mechanisms and researcher pests and alien invasive species · Inventory of alien invasive recommended IPM options. developed. species and quarantine 4. Develop and explain · Potential for improving existing pests historical profile of pesticide pest control practices assessed. Types and availability of use and other pest control · Pest monitoring schemes for natural enemies for use in biological control of named practices in the RIDP early Warning on alien invasive command area. species and migratory pests are pest 5. Specify partnership organized and functional action · Types and availability of opportunities at local, plan for location-specific IPM botanical pesticides to national and international activities developed. replace chemical pesticides levels to assist in · PMP implementation · Typed and number of crop implementation of the PMP. mechanism developed by rotation schemes to reduce neighbouring areas. build up of named pest species · Type of composting and mulching as alternatives to mineral fertilisers · List of principal actors and of n",rtnprc: ~ Er1Vlronmenta/ and Socia/Impact Assessmcnt of about 20.000 ha Irrigation and Drainage Sc/lemes at Megech Pump (at Seraba). Rlbb af/d Angel Dam r-<-IDP ESIA Vol Annexes B~ Ministry of Water and Energy Page 1. Develop participatory Result 2: Human resource One IPM orientation workshop per · Types of IPM skills covered Farmers adopt and methods in line with capacity for IPM delivery group of 30 in Yrs 1 & 2 in visits by agric. staff apply new improved farmers identified and implementation Crop/livestock and pest · Number of farmers' technologies training needs developed management practices developed learning groups RIDP users and their 2. Conduct short to and adapted to suit local needs implemented service providers medium term training of farmer support groups Farmers accurately relate pests to · Gender and number of comply with respective damage symptoms: extension agents and of international on skills relevant to recognise natural enemies/ farmers trained conventions guiding their needs biological control agents against the · Gender and number of pesticide use 3. Intensify training of pests; test a range of IPM options trained farmers engaged in Critical mass of staff men and women and select "best-bet" options to participatory extension trained remain with farmers in IPM implement and adopt. · Extent to which new in the RIDP knowledge and skills knowledge/skills are used communities 4. Promote farmer-led by extension agents & extension to increase farmers to promote secondary adoption of adoption of IPM options proven IPM options Number & type of IPM 5. Strengthen researcher- information materials farmer-extension developed/ disseminated linkages through participatory research · Number and type of new IPM options introduced and on issues emerging adopted from farmer training 6. Develop/disseminate · Gender and number of farmer adopting IPM IPM decision - support technologies information resources for field agents, farmers · Area of crops under IPM policy makers and the · Incremental benefits due general public to pest control · Types and number of user- friendly taxonomic keys for pest and natural enemy ~ Environmental and Socia/Impact Assessment of about 20,000 ha BRt: "-riga lion and Drainage Schemes at Megech Pump (at SemLJa). Ribb and Angel Own - RIDP ESIA.' Vol. 2. Annexes· Page 8-20 Ministry of Water and Energy 8.3.5.4 Authorised Pesticides Unless the project switches to and enforces an organic approach, it is inevitable that pesticides will be recommended for use on some of the crops to be grown. Depending on the exact mechanics of World Bank funding for ENIDP Component 2, consideration may have to be given to the development of a provisional list of pesticides that could be funded by credit provided under the project. This is a matter to be decided during development of the Phase 2 PMP. 8.3.5.5 Monitoring and Evaluation As discussed in Youdeowei (2002), successful implementation of a PMP requires regular monitoring and evaluation of activities undertaken by farmers in the project area. The focus of monitoring and evaluation must be to assess the build up of IPM capacity in the command area, the extent to which IPM techniques are being adopted in crop production, and the economic benefits that farmers derive by adopting IPM. Activities that require regular monitoring and evaluation during implementation are: · IPM capacity building for farmers in the project area: number of farmers who have successfully received IPM training in IPM methods; evaluate the training content, methodology and trainee response to training through feedback. · Number of farmers who have adoptee IPM practices as a crop protection strategy in their crop production efforts: evaluate the rate of IPM adoption. · In how many crop production systems is IPM applied? Are the numbers increasing and at what rate? Activities that require monitoring and evaluation during supervision visit: · What are major benefits that farmers derive by adopting IPM (economic and social benefits)? · To what extent are pesticides used for crop production? · Efficiency of pesticide use and handling. · Level of reduction of pesticide purchase and use by farmers for crop production, compared with a baseline established before project implementation. Efficient monitoring requires regular observation on a weekly basis, if not more frequent. Visual inspections must be made at field level for pests such as stalk borers, cutworms, disease symptoms and weeds, and their natural enemies. These practices allow the farmers to apply crop management measures early, thus preventing serious and persistent crop damages. 8.3.5.6 Indicative Budgets Phase 2 PMP: development of the Phase 2 PMP will take a minimum of 1 month of professional time. It will involve two rounds of consultation and associated workshops, and some travel between Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar. The budget should therefore be set at USD 20-40,000, depending on the level of international support commissioned. An indicative budget (Annex 12.2) estimates costs at around USD 33,000. PMP Implementation: the costs of PMP implementation will depend on the scale and details of the programme eventually agreed. Indicative costs for typical activities are given in Table 8-7, using Ethiopian norms. These total only some USD 26,000 over five years. However, to these indicative costs must be added the significant costs for: (i) development of IPM research capacity (training, equipment); (ii) IPM research (operational costs, transport); (iii) development of IPM delivery capacity (as a major component of the agricultural extension service strengthening that will be needed for the project: training, facilities and equipment (major upgrades of the existing Farmer Training Centres), transport); EI1Vlrol!mentai and Social Impact Assessment of a/Jolil 20 000 !1O {'Ilgalion and Drainage Schemes at Pump (at Sera!)a) Rlbb and Anger Dam B~ RtDP 2 Alllwxc,' Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8·21 (iv) operational costs of IPM delivery to farmers (e.g. vehicles, fuel, training materials), and (v) any technical assistance required to build the required capacity. · Considering the potential importance of IPM to achieving project goals and to ensuring the sustainability of the sensitive Lake Tana ecosystem, it is suggested that it would not be unreasonable to devote 0.5 to 1.0% of total project costs to this topic. Table 8-7: Indicative Costs of Typical PMP Activities in the Field (ETB) 71,500 18,400 18,400 18,400 18,400 18,400 92,000 IPM problem diagnosis 10,000 8,000 6,000 10,000 24,000 Field guides/IPM materials 20,000 15,000 10,000 55,000 Public awareness 7,000 5,000 3,000 15,000 Project management 5,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 12,000 PMP coordination monitoring 10,000 8,000 8,000 6,000 6,000 38,000 & evaluation Total 174,780 73,840 47,400 35,400 25,400 356,820 Notes 1. IPM orientation 6 workshops for 300 Regional, Zonal & Woreda staff 2. Training of trainers: 1 TOT course for 30 participants for 15 days 3. Farmers group training 25 farmers trained for two weeks, 200 farmers trained each year 4. IPM problem diagnosis for three years at total cost of ETB 24,000 5. Field guides: cost of preparing and producing field guides: ETB 55,000 over four years 6. Public awareness campaigns for radio and posters: ETB 5,000 per year for 3 years 7. PMP coordination for supervision visit: cost ETB 12,000 over 5 years Ellvi,onOJ0!ltal and Sociallmr,i]ct Assessment of about 20,000 Iw J,uqatK';' atlc1 Drall18ge Sc/lernes at Purrlp {at Serabo:. RJlJ/j and Anger Daln RIDP 2 Annexes Page 8-22 Ministry of Water and Energy 8.4 REFERENCES Abate, T. 1997. Pesticides in Ethiopian agriculture - a researcher's view. Pest Management Journal of Ethiopia 1 (1 & 2):49-56 Abate, T. 2006. IPM in Ethiopia: The Current Status. In: Bekele, E., Azerefegne, F. & Abate, T., Facilitating the Implementation and Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Ethiopia. Planning workshop of the Association for Advancement of IPM (ASAI) and the Ethiopia Agricultural Research Organisation (EARO), October 13-15, 2003, Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre, DCG Proceedings No. 17, p. 3-15. Abate, T. & T. Fenta. 2003. Pesticide evaluation report and Safer Use Action Plan for Ethiopia crop protection and Livestock protection. USAID Funded PL480 Title II: Food Security Program USAID, Washington DC. 135pp Adey, M., P. Walker & T. Walker. 1986. Pest Control Safe for Bees; Manual and Directory for the Tropics and Subtropics. International Bee Research Association, London. Akalu Teshome, Melaku Wale, Fentahun Mengistu & Birru Yitaferu. 2009. Agricultural potentials, constraints and opportunities in the Megech and Ribb rivers irrigation project areas in the Lake Tana Basin of Ethiopia. ARARI, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Arne, M. 2004. The conditions of pesticide management and possible health hazards in Butajira, Ethiopia. Minor Field Study Report (MFS-Report No. 1/2004), Karolinska Institutet, Dept. of Public Health SCiences, Division of International Health (IHCAR). Stockholm, Sweden. Azerefegne, F. 1991. Biology and economic importance of maize stem borer, Bussseoia fusca in Awassa, Southern Ethiopia. M.Sc. thesis, Alemaya University of Agriculture. Azerefegne, F. & T. Abate. 2007. Ethiopia. pp3-35 in: Nyambo & Youdouwei (2007). Babur Dambie Endalew. 2009. Effectiveness of Farmer Field School in Promoting Coffee Management Practices: the Case of Jimma and Sidama Zones. MSc thesis, Haramaya Univ. 157p Bekele E., Azerefegne F, Abate T. 2006. Facilitating the Implementation and adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Ethiopia. DCG Proceedings No. 17, 168p den Belder, E. & A. Elings. 2007. A Research and Development plan for the introduction of Integrated Pest Management in the Ethiopian Rose Sector. Plant Research Int. B.V., Wageningen, the Netherlands. Gordon, H., Chiri. A & T. Abate. 1995. Environmental and economic review of crop protection and pesticide use in Ethiopia. Environmental and Natural Resources Policy and Training (EPAT) Project, Applied Research, Technical Assistance and Training, Winrock Int. Environmental Alliance. Arlington, Virginia, USA. Megenasa, T., T. Gebremedhin, & T. Abate. 1980. Review of the state of agricultural pesticides use in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2:29-38. Mekonnen, Y. & T. Agonafir. 2002. Pesticide sprayers' knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide use on agricultural farms in Ethiopia. Occupational Medicine 52:6 pp311-315 MoFED. 2006. Ethiopia: Building on progress. A plan for accelerated and sustained development to end poverty (PASDEP), 2005/06 - 2009/10. Volume 1: main text. MoFED, Addis Ababa, 278p Nyambo, B. & A. Youdouwei (eds). 2007. Africa Stockpiles Programme, IPM Research Project, Phase I Country Background Papers. Pesticide Action Network, UK. 171p Youdouwei, A. 2002. Pest Management Plan. Report for Agricultural Services and Producers Organizations Project, Chad. World Bank Pest Management GUidebook website: http://web. world bank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTARD/EXTPESTMGMT/0" menuPK: 58432 8"'pagePK :6416842 7"'piPK :64168435"'theSitePK: 584320,OO.html EnVIronmental and Social Impact AssesSlnent of ahout 20.000 l1a Irrigation and Dram age Schemes at Pump (at Seraba). Rlbh 817(1 Anger O"m -RIOP Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-23 World Bank. Annotated Terms of Reference for the preparation of a Pest Management Plan (PMP) (for compliance with OP 4.09 and BP 4.01 - Annex C). Available by clicking "TOR for Preparation of a Pest Management Plan in the Africa Region" on the web page "Other Useful Tools - Term of References": http://web. world bank .org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPI CS/EXTARD/EXTPESTMGMT/0"contentM DK: 2 0632903 N menuPK:1613999 N pagePK:64168445 N piPK:64168309 N theSitePK:584320,OO.html 8.5 ApPENDIX 1: PERSONS AND ORGANISATIONS CONTACTED Name Position I Affiliation Contact ADDIS ABABA ---~--~- Fekerea Markos MoARD: Deputy Head of Animal & Plant Health - Regulatory Directorate W/o Saba Debebe MoARD: Pesticide Registration Officer 0911886530 t--.--~--- --~----~- r--- -~- Gezachew Asefa Senior Expert MOARD Animal and Plant Quarantine Directorate Office ~- Akililu Kebede Senior Expert - Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority ----- faAHIRDAR Tenaw Ejigu BoARD - Irrigation and Drainage Process 14 ---------- Tesfaye Mengestae BoARD - Head of Extension 0582205850 ----------~---- Alehegne Dagnew BoARD - Coordinator for Irrigation and Drainage 0918707256 Projects - Watershed Management -~---------- Ayheu Zerehun Head, Bahir Dar Plant Health Clinic 0918013093 ~- Berhanu Yiachew ENIDP Coordination Office: Monitoring & 0918761428 Evaluation Specialist i-------~--------- --------~---- Fantahun Turuneh (Dr.) Head of ARARI --------- r-- ----~----------------- Dr. Birru Yetaferu ARARI: Director of Soil and Water Conservation 0582207153 and Technology ~tayal Abebe BoEPLAU: Environmental Protection Process Owner --- -~-----~--~- Mehretu Dagnew BoEPLAU: Land Evaluation and Resettlement I Alternative Preparation Expert. ----------- Abdurahman Mohamed BoEPLAU - Asmare Mekonen BoEPLAU - r--" ~---~-- -- ~- DEMBIA WOREDA --- Alemeh Benti Secretary, Woreda Administration office 1---- Teshager Meles WoARD: Irrigation & Drainage Expert -"._----------- ----- Sebsebachew Atnafu Land Use Planning: Expert c--- Yesheharg Tewab Head, Women's Affairs office -------~-- Kelemwork Tezera Head, Water Resources office Setotaw Begashaw Head, Health office -- -- £11\'iIOIll)1ental aliel Socia/Impact Ass("s_"w:':;! Gf about 20_000 lia and Drainage SCfrfN:lC\S i3t Purnp {at SelF/hal RiblJ And Anyt;t Dan: - FIDP Page 8-24 Ministry of Water and Energy Getahun Mohammed Head, Finance and Economics office FOGERA WOREDA Yalew Zenawe Woreda Administration office Worku Mulate Head, Woreda Agricultural and Rural 0918702671/0305 Development office (WoARD) Nugusea Asefa WoARD: Agronomist 0584460064 Melese Dametea WoARD: Planning Expert 0918713409 Agmasea Alamnew WoARD: Cooperative Process Owner . Cooperative Expert 0918214116 0918063288 Extension Expert 0912334938 Irrigation & Drainage Coordinator 0918091169 . Irrigation Expert 0918097417 Getachew Mola Natural Resources Expert 0918073395 Ayalneh Mulate Marketing Expert 0911362315 Balemale Adane Water Resource office: Expert 0918700396 Worku Melese vvnn"'lrt Health office: Expert 0918702608 LIBO KEMKEM WOREDA Fentanesh Tefera Administration office 0584440035 Adesu Tefera Woreda Agriculture and Rural 0918700305 office (WoARD) WIt Begosera 0584440024 Yared Tegabu 0918208050 058444002 0584440872 r,..rm,pr;.th",><:: office: Monitoring & Evaluation 0584440871 0918710952 WorerlR Health office: Acting Head 0918040962 11I/"'.r<>rl::. Education office: Acting Head 0918710774 Environmental and SOCIal Impact Assessment of about 20, 000 ha !!!lc]atlon and Drainage Schemes at Pump (at Sera/Ja) RiblJ and Anger Dam - RIDP , Vol 2, Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-25 8.6 ApPENDIX 2: ITINERARY 8.6.1 Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project 6/04/2009 Gonder Kola Diba Gonder 7/04/2009 Gonder Kola Diba . Gonder I 8.6.2 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project Date Departure ArrivalActivities Overnight 1204/2010 Addis Abeba _. Bahir- Dar Travel Bahir.:Q.a~r_ _ 13/04/2010 Bahir-Dar Woreta Met ANRS Bureau of Agriculture and Woreta Rural Development irrigation development process owner, arranged a meeting with Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute with the project focal person, Amhara Bureau of Finance and Economi c Development, the project focal person, and with Fogera and Ubo Kemkem woreda offices of Agriculture and Rural Development to - -- - . _~.r.,!nge meetings on the following da s. 14/04/2010 Woreta Woreta Met the Fogera wored a concerned sector Woreta office representatives and visited the - command Ci.r.ea witbln the w..oreda' ___+-._ _ _..__.~-I 4/2010 Woreta Addis Zemen Met the Ubo Kemkem woreda concerned Woreta sector office represen tatives and visited the Ribb dam site and the command . ~~""jt:.bin the -",,-()~ed a. -~---~-~-~--- ~-~--~ 16/04/2010 Woreta Bahir-Dar Conducted meeting with ARARI, Director Woreta of soil and water conservation directorate. and with Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Draina ge Project coordinator office. Contacted BoEPLAU. 17/04/2010 Woreta Woreta Visited Ubo Kemkem command area, Woreta Burra Egzhiaber kebel e and discussed the issues with the ad ministrator of the kebele -.----.. 18/04/2010 Woreta Bahir-Dar Visited Fogera comm and area, Ribb ~hir-Da-;:-~ Gabriel kebele and di scussed the issues 1- ~~~~.---.--=rJ.- 19/04/2010... Bahir-Dar Addis Abeba . -.--.. . with the farmers -r-.-~.---..- -..-~.- Travel --.-.-r--~ ~ Environlnen/a l and Socialln'pacl Assessment of auout 20.000 ila "i DraJflflge Srhenies c)t tv1C-9f:CI} Punip (at Se!aIJa) Rlbh and Angel Daul ,}f Rf[)P ESfA Vol? pl/n0m.'; . Page 8-26 Ministry of Water and Energy 8.7 ApPENDIX 3: LISTS OF BANNED AND REGISTERED PESTICIDES 8.7.1 Banned Pesticides It is understood that the following pesticides have been banned in Ethiopia: · Aldrin · Dieldrin · DDT · Heptachlor · Zinc phosphide 8.7.2 Registered Pesticides, April 2010 Note: the following lists have been re-formatted by BRLi for clarity, with no alteration to content. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND 'RURAL DEVELOPMENT Animal and Plant Health Regulatory Directorate List of Registered Pesticides as of April 2010 April 2010 Environmental and SOCial Impact Assessment of about 20,000 he /rfigatlon and Dlainage Schemes at Pu,rnp (at Sera/Ja). RllJb and Angry Dam - RIDP 2, Annexes Ministry af Water and Energy Page 8-27 8.7.2.1 List of Registered Pesticides (Insecticides) 7 I Agro-Thoate 40% I Dimethoate 40% EC 11. For the control of beanfly (Ophiamiya phaseo/i); Bean aphid (Aphis fabae); Thrips (Taenothrips spp.) ABW (Helicoverpa armigera) on EC* 9 french beans. 2. For the control of aphids (Myzus persicae) and ABW (Helicaverpa armigera) on tomato. 3. For the control of cabbage Aphid and various aphids on cabbage and potato, respectively. kito 2. 5 Ofc, EC Beta cypermethrin For the control of stalk borer 9 , Alphahock 7.5% ULV AI phacypermethri n For the control of sweet potato butterfly on sweet potato 5 7.5% ULV 10 I Alphos 56% Tab. Aluminium Phosphide I Insecticide (Fumigant) for the control of maize weevil on maize. 33 560 gm(kg 11 I Apron Star 42 WS thiamethoxam 20% + For the control of Russian wheat aphid on barley (To be used as seed 6 metalaxyl - 20% I treatment pesticide) control of maize weevil (Sitophillus spp) and flour beetle (Tribolium 24 stored maize. Environmental and Social I\ssessl)wilI of about 20.000 hi' B~ Irrigation and Drainage Scl7(~mes at Pump (at Seraba). RiM and Anqer Dilm ~ ·RIDP Vol. 2. Annexes Page 8-28 Ministry of Water and Energy 17 I Confid~r SL 200 I Imidacloprid 200 I For the control of Aphids, thrips whitefly & termites on flowers. 4 gm/lt 181 Cruiser 350 FS thiamethoxam 35% For the control of Russian wheat aphid on barley (To be used as seed 6 FS treatment pesticide). 19 Cybolt 2.5 ULV* flucythrinate 2.5% ! For the control of whitefly in cotton. 3 ULV 20 I Curacron 250 Profenofos I For the control of white fly on cotton. 6 EC/ULV** 21 I Cymbush 1% I Cypermethrin I For the control of stalk borer in maize and sorghum 6 Granule**** I 22 ! Cymbush 25% I Cypermethrin I For the control of cotton pests on large scale farms 6 EC*** 15 16 ~ Environmental and SocIal Irrigation alld Orall7i3ge SciJemes at Pump (at Seraba). RibfJ and Anger [Jam B~ RIDP ESIA" 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy F'aqe Environmental and Socia/Impact Assessment of about 20.000 Iw BRL Imgation And Drainage Schemes at Pump (at Seraha). Rlbb and Anger Dam ~ R/DP ESJA 2. Annexes Page 8-30 Ministry of Water and Energy 8 5 1 Eucalyptus trees (tcucatvm E. citriodora and E. saliana) and Leucena trees 72 Medopaz* white oil for the control of red scale (Aonidiella aurantii); Orange scale 5 (Chrysomphalus dictyospermi); Purple scale (Chrysomphalus aonidum) and Black scale (Parlatoria zizyphus) on citrus alone or in combination with some orqanoohosphate insecticides 73 Metasystox R 250 oxydemethon-methyl for the control of shoot fly, aphids, fleas, and stalk borer on sorghum 11 EC* 27 EnVIronmental and Social Assessment of about 20.000 ha ~ Irngatlol1 and Drainage Schemes at Pump (at Seraba). Rlbb ami Angel Dam B~ -RIDP 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-31 EnVIronmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha B~ Imgatioll and Dramage Schemes at Pump {at Seraba}. RilJlJ ane} Anger Dam ~ RIDP Vol 2. Annexes Pnge 8-32 Ministry of Water and Energy * Re-registered pesticide. ** Cancelled from registration upon receipt of a notification l in writing l from the registrant of the pesticide that this specific formulation has been phased out from their production line. *** Cancelled from registration upon receipt of a notification, in writing, from the registrant of the pesticide that it has been withdrawn from sale. **** Registration expired. Environmental ,md Social Impact Assessment of about 20,000 iJa ~ Irrigation and Dmmage Schemes at Megech Pump (at Seraba), Ribh and Anger Dam B~ RIDP ESIA Vol. 2, Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy 8.7.2.2 List of Registered Pesticides (Herbicides) control of post emergency annual and perennial broad leaf weeds on 2 9 3 2,4-D 720 g/I A.E control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley, teff, maize and 9 4 I Alanex 48% EC* I alachlor 480 g/I I For the control of annual grass and some broad leaf weeds in maize and 5 I rs- 1 Alazine 350/200 SE* 1 alachlor 350 + alazine I For the control of grass and some broad leaf weeds in maize 200 5 6 Ametrazine 500 EC Herbicide control of annual and perennial grasses and broad leaf 2 weeds in 7 For the control of grass weeds in sugarcane 5 8 28 12 Codal 600 EC** prometryn + 6 metolachlor 13 Desormone liquid* 2,4-D 720 g/I A.E of broadleaf weeds in cereals (wheat, barley, teff, maize & 5 14 Derby 175 SC flurasulam 75 G/L + 2 flumetsulam 100 G/L SC 5 BRL <0/ Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha Irrigation and Drainage Schemes at Megeeh Pump (at Semba). Ribb and Anger Dam - RIOP ESIA: Vol. 2. Annexes Page 8-34 Ministry of Water and Energy 39 Mustang (XDF 6.25 GIL + 2A For the control of broadleaf weeds in cereals 2 D 300 GIL) Suspo Emulsion EnVIronmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20,OO() IJa ~ imgation and Drainage Schemes at Pump (at Seraba), Ribb and Anger Dam B~ RIDP Vol. 2, Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 8-35 40 Pallas 45 00 pyroxsulam I For the controlof grass weeds (wild oat, downy brome IBromus spp./ and 2 annual broad leaf weeds on wheat. 41 Primagram 500 FW* metolachlor + For the control of broad spectrum broadleaf and grass weeds in maize 6 Atrazine 42 I Puma super 75 EW* Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl For the control of grass weeds in wheat 4 6.9% 43 I Primagram Gold 660 (s-metolachlor 290 gil For the control of broad leaf and grass weeds in maize 6 SC I + Atrazine 370 gil) SC 3 24 * Re-registered pesticide. ** Cancelled from registration upon receipt of a notification, in writing, from the registrant of the pesticide that this specific formulation has been phased out from their production line. *** Cancelled from registration upon receipt of a notification, in writing, from the registrant of the pesticide that it has been withdrawn from sale. **** Registration expired. BRL EnVJronmental and Social Impact Assessmont of about 20.000 ha Inrgation ami Dramage Schemes at Megech Pump (£11 Soraba). RlbiJ and Anger Dam - RIDP FSIA Vol. 2. Annexes ~ Page 8-36 Ministry of Water and Energy 8.7.2.3 List of Registered Pesticides (Fungicides) * Re-registered pesticide. ** Cancelled from registration upon receipt of a notification, in writing, from the registrant of the pesticide that this specific formulation has been phased out from their production line. *** Cancelled from registration upon receipt of a notification, in writing, from the registrant of the pesticide that it has been withdrawn from sale. **** Registration expired. Envllonmental nnd Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 Ila ~ ImqallOn and Drainage Schemes at Megech Pump (at Sera/Ja). RiNJ ami Anger Dam B~ RIDP ES/A Vol. 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy 9. Annex 9 - Reconnaissance Physical Cultural Heritage Survey ESIA REPORT ON RIBB IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE PROJECT Reconnaissance Physical Cultural Heritage Survey TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... 9-3 List of Photos.......................................................................................................................... 9-3 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 9-4 9.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................9-5 9.1.1 Authors 9-5 9.1.2 Physical Cultural Resources 9-5 9.1.3 Background to Survey 9-7 9.1.4 Regulatory Framework 9-8 9.1.4.1 Laws, Regulations and Guidelines 9-8 9.1.4.2 Institutions 9-10 9.1. 5 Reconnaissance Physical Cultural Heritage Survey 9-10 9.1.5.1 Objectives 9-10 9.1.5.2 Approach 9-10 9.1.6 The Project Areas 9-11 9.1.6.1 Megech 9-11 9.1.6.2 Ribb 9-11 9.2 SURVEY OBSERVATIONS ..................................................................... 9-11 9.2.1 Megech Area 9-11 9.2.1.1 Introduction 9-11 9.2.1.2 Nama Hill 9-12 9.2.1.3 Kurtiye Hill. 9-13 9.2.1.4 Abba Taje Hill 9-14 9.2.1.5 Chehaldibi Hill 9-15 9.2.1.6 Religious Sites 9-16 9.2.1.7 Guramba Battlefield 9-17 9.2.1.8 Guramba Bata 9-18 F.1:vllonmental ami Soc,allmpact Ass(,ssment of aL,out 20.000 /7a Ora;'lage Schemes &t Megecli Pump (at SfJl2I/)a). ,RJI)/J and Anger Dam . RIOP ESIA \1(11 Allnexes· Page 9-2 Ministry of Water and Energy 9.2.1.9 Werengeb Bale Egziabher 9-19 9.2.1.10 Janbedel Muslim Graveyard 9-19 9.2.2 Ribb Area 9-19 9.2.2.1 Introduction 9-19 9.2.2.2 Reservoir Area 9-20 9.2.2.3 Askura Gabriel 9-20 9.2.2.4 Diversion Weir 9-20 9.2.2.5 Abwa Kokit Kebele 9-22 9.2.2.6 Nabega Giorghis Area 9-22 9.2.2.7 Churches in Fogera Woreda 9-23 9.3 INITIAL ASSESSMENT & RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................... 9-24 9.3.1 Overview 9-24 9.3.2 Specific Recommendations 9-24 9.3.2.1 Megech General 9-24 9.3.2.2 Megech - Churches 9-25 9.3.2.3 Megech - Other Features 9-25 .9.3.2.4 Ribb - Diversion Weir Area 9-25 9.3.2.5 Ribb - Churches 9-25 9.3.3 Contacts for Survey Tasks 9-26 9.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS ..................................................................... 9-26 9.4.1 General 9-26 9.4.2 Updates 9-26 9.5 REFERENCES ............................................ ............ ~ ......................... 9-27 9.6 APPENDIX 1 - GPS RECORDS ............................................................... 9-28 9.7 APPENDIX 2 - PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS CONTACTED ........................... 9- 29 9.7.1 Appendix 2.1: ESIA Study Team Cultural Heritage Contacts in Addis Ababa 9-29 9.7.2 Appendix 2.2: People Contacted during Implementation of Reconnaissance Survey 9-30 9.8 APPENDIX 3 - ITINERARy ................................................................... 9-32 9.9 APPENDIX 4 - MAPS .......................................................................... 9-32 9.9.1 Map 1: Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project - sites noted in survey 9-32 9.9.2 Map 2: Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project - sites noted in survey 9-32 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20.000 II'] Irrigation and Drainage SciJemes at Megeeh Pump (at SembaJ R;I)/) 8nt} A',gel 0,,111 . RIDP ESIA Vol. Annexes· BRIJ Ministry of Water and Energy LIST OF TABLES Table 9-1: Types of PCR in Ethiopia ........................................................................................... 9-6 Table 9-2: Sites Visited in Megech Area .....................................................................................9-11 Table 9-3: Sites Visited in Ribb Area .........................................................................................9-19 Table 9-4: Churches in Potentially Affected Kebeles in Fogera Woreda ...........................................9-23 LIST OF PHOTOS Figure 9-1: Narna Hill .............................................................................................................9-12 Figure 9-2: Narna Hill - circular artefacts ...................................................................................9-12 Figure 9-3: Kurtiye Hill ............................................................................................................9-13 Figure 9-4: Kurtiye Hill - stone artefacts ....................................................................................9-14 Figure 9-5: Abba Taje Hill - circular artefact ...............................................................................9-14 Figure 9-6: Chehaldibi Hill .......................................................................................................9-15 Figure 9-7: Chehaldibi Hill - circular stone structure ....................................................................9-16 Figure 9-8: Wawa K. Mihret - grave mound ................................................................................9-16 Figure 9-9: Wawa K. Mihret _ pottery fragments .........................................................................9-17 Figure 9-10: Guramba Bata Church ..........................................................................................9-18 Figure 9-11: Guramba Bata - clergy before midday mass .............................................................9-19 Figure 9-12: Ribb reservoir area from Farta Woreda side of river...................................................9-20 Figure 9-13: Ribb River old channel in Birkute Kebele ................................................................9-20 Figure 9-14: Ribb River diversion weir area ..............................................................................9-21 Figure 9-15: Stone tools in field on Agita Kebele side of the river in Abba Roba locality ....................9-21 Figure 9-16: Artefacts in field on western side of Abba Roba locality ..............................................9-22 Figure 9-17: Wetland from compound of Nabega Giorghis Church, Dec. 2009 .................................9-23 E!wllonrnentai and Social/mpact Assessment of about 20. 000 Iia !l' 'Dat!on :)1 amaqe Schernes at (i[;(j P~llllP (at Seraha). RihiJ and Anyet DcUli . RIDP ;' Atifl8xes P£;ge 9-4 Ministry of Water and Energy ABBREVIATIONS AAU Addis Ababa University ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural BoCTPD Bureau of Culture, Tourism and Parks Development BP Before Present BRLi BRL Ingenierie EA Environmental Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Authority ESIA Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment ETB Ethiopian Birr GPS Global Positioning System ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites M Million MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MPIDP Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project OP Operational Policy PIT Project Implementation Teams PCR Physical Cultural Resources RIDP Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WB World Bank Environmental and Socia! Impact Assessment of al)o((t 20.000 fla 1(lIgatlon and Drainage Schemes at Megeeh Pump (at Semba) Ril)i) allci Anger Dam RiDP ESiA. Vol. 2 Allocxf:s BRts Ministry of Waler and Energy Page 9-5 ESIA REPORT ON RIBB IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE PROJECT Reconnaissance Physical Cultural Heritage Survey 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.1.1 Authors Cultural Heritage Specialist, responsible for field survey: P.I. Temesgen Burka Lecturer in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Management, Department of History and Heritage Management, Addis Ababa University email: , tel: 00-251-911-415-726 ESIA Team Leader, responsible for report editing: James Ramsay Environmental Specialist, BRLi, France Email: , tel: 0910-196-376 9.1.2 Physical Cultural Resources Physical cultural resources (PCR, also known as cultural heritage or cultural property) are defined in the World Bank's Operational Policy (OP) 4.11 as "movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, palaeontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance". A similar description is provided in Ethiopian Proclamation No. 209, 2000. Physical cultural resources may thus be: · Man-made (e.g. buildings, archaeological sites) · Natural (e.g. sacred places, historic trees, palaeontological sites) · Combined man-made and natural (e.g. cave paintings, sites used for ceremonies, burial grounds, battlefields) · Movable (e.g. religious artefacts, ancient books, statues, icons). Categories of PCR for which Ethiopia is known are listed in Table 9-1, from the World Bank Group's Physical Cultural Resources Profile for Ethiopia (World Bank 2009). En vi! ofl!nentaf and SociallrnprJct /ts::-'e0snlent of about 20 000 tiA ,'rriqat:(YI DI;]inag r-; Schf.:f.1wS rd :;;I')(i Pwnp Sf;>raba}. ,J:t""/Jl) al)d Ange:f Dan; . RID? Vn! ,; A r>neXi" <, Page 9-6 Ministry of Water and Energy Table 9-1: Types of peR in Ethiopia ~---- -----~ ~~ ~~ ----------~----~~----- - -- ----- Type of PCR I Most likely location ' Comment - --------------- -"-- - - - - - - - - --~----- ----------------- - Archaeology Historic sites In highlands and urban Virtually no archaeological research has been settlements in lowlands conducted; Ethiopia is unusually rich in indigenous historical sites. Prehistoric sites Found throughout the country, Very little archaeological research has been especially near rivers and flood conducted, and sites are not easily recognizable. plains Palaeontology '===~~-- - - --- --- -- Hominid remains (Le. e~ssociated with river basins, II ~~ISiS a type of PeR for ~hich Eth~especially human remains) especially the Rift Valley II known. ~ ..-- -- -- . . History Castles, bridges, and palaces Concentrated in the Lake Tana ny of these sites are unregistered and unknown area side of the local community. Former historical seats of Throughout central plateau and ny of these sites are unregistered and unknown government urban settlements in lowlands side of the local community. Stelae and other remains of Throughout the Tigre y of these sites are unregistered and unknown Axumite empire outside of the local community. Architecture --- Various types Various locations ISee historical and religious PeR. Religion ~- ~ ~~ Churches and Monasteries Throughout the highlands Note monastic cave dwellings and rock-hewn churches in Tigre and Wolo. There is a dispute over whether religious PCR belongs to Orthodox church or government. Mosques Throughout lowlands, Unmarked on recent maps. increasingly found in highlands - '----- ls~go~ Gonder and Addis Ababa Unmarked on recent maps Sacred Sites Oromo trees , Oromo region : Known to local communities Sacred trees . Near churches iAll trees near a church are sacred . Natural Features with Cultural Significance i Holy waters Near churches and .v. "'~,~. ies 'Almost alway~ unmarked, Imperial trees Central plateau, usually on Forests or woodstands with historic/imperial mountains protection, Unique Human Settlements Hideworkers ISouthern lowlands some of the only people known who make and use stone tools. Isolated agricultural Gorges of central plateau ricultural communities are difficult to communities Tombs Local Burial Grounds INeal any rural settlements I- Monumental tombs and I Lal and Tigre 1- markers Muslim tombs Rift Valley and paintings; an increasingly popular I~~~o~~L;~R, = Stone stelae (pillars) Throughout lowlands and central - plateau EnVIIDlltrienlai and Sonal Impact Assessment of about 20,000 lJa /rngation anci D!8l11age Sci)emes at Megech Pump (at SeraIJai, RiN) awl Angel Dam RI[)P ESIA. Vol. 2 Aqnexes BRL Ministry of Water and Energy Page 9·7 Ethiopia does not currently get a large influx of tourists; however, these are potentially important tourist sites. Lakes Lake Tana Ethiopia does not currently get a large influx of tourists; however, these are potentially important tourist sites. Scenic mountains Begemder region (Simien), Rift Ethiopia does not currently get a large influx of Valley tourists; however, these are potentially important not currently get a large influx of nrH""'1,,rthese are potentially important Coins Ethiopia, especially ese are vulnerable to theft and illegal sale. Religious objects These are vulnerable to theft and illegal sale. Christian and Source: World Bank (2009) Physical Cultural Resources Safeguard Policy Guidebook, Annex 01 9. 1 .3 Background to Survey The Lake Tana area of north-west Ethiopia is significant in terms of past human experience and ancient cultural developments. There is ample evidence to show that the Lake Tana region has served as a suitable environment for human exploitation of local resources since prehistoric times. However, there are very few scientific papers on the prehistory of the Lake Tana region; most archaeological work has been carried out in the Ethiopian north-eastern Lowlands and north-central Highlands rather than the north-western Highlands. Archaeology: two papers exist to indicate the potential of the Megech area for important prehistoric remains: these are Moysey (1943) and Leakey (1943). Colonel Moysey found and excavated a rock shelter on a small hill east of Gorgora, and Louis S. B. Leakey analysed and described the stone tools (mainly waste chips) found at all depths within the shelter. The site showed evidence of continuous occupation by Early Man (Mesolithic onwards). At a similar period, Clark (1945) collected and described stone artefacts (bifaces) from a site east of Gonder. On this baSiS, the ESIA study team initiated discussions with national and international speCialists actively involved in archaeology in Ethiopia (see Appendix 2.1). Their opinion was that: · The Ethiopian Highlands are rich in archaeological and palaeontological sites, but very little work has been done on them. · Of primary scientifiC interest is evidence of lithic technologies (stone tools) of Homo sapiens and our predecessor H. erectus, dating as far back as 700,000 yrs BP. Sites include surface scatter, rock shelters and caves, eroding sediments, campsites, etc. To date, virtually all information on Early Man in Ethiopia has been from the Lowlands. Sites in the Highlands are a new window onto the foraging behaviour of early humans, as evidenced by new discoveries by the Blue Nile Basin Survey Project at Chilga Kernet just west of Gonder (Todd et al. 2003). · Other interests include huge fossil trees (just discovered) near Gonder and worthy of declaration as a national monument (they are so large that they are visible on Google Earth), Oligocene faunal remains up to 27 M yrs old (Kappel mann at al. 2003), and palaeobotanical remains. · These remains are found in sedimentary deposits on top of the volcanic basalt flood depOSits which cover much of the Highlands « 27 M yrs BP). Environmental and Impact AsseSSITlEnt of a/JOUr 20. 000. ha B~ ;I! '(jaL'On and Dralna90 Schen;es at A1egech Pun?/J (at S(--u-ii)a) .Rrhh and Angel Db/if . f~ID!:; ESIA Vl'/ 2 ;',;!/lUACS' Page 9-8 Ministry of Water and Energy · Professors Todd and Kappelman 15 have investigated the area immediately west of Gorgora, but have not written this up yet; the area has significant physical cultural heritage. · Megech: the rock shelter at Gorgora described by Moysey (1943) is close to the command area and therefore might be affected by the Megech Project. · The main canal from the pumping station will run along the boundary between the flat, wet lowlands and the drier hills to the west and north. This is a prime location for possible archaeological sites (campsites etc.). · The Megech Dam and Reservoir are likely to be in an area of sedimentary deposits with possible palaeontological interest. · Ribb: the lower reaches of the Gumera and Ribb Rivers run through recent sedimentary deposits which may contain fossils. The middle reaches and the sites of the dams and reservoirs are possible site for various types of remains, ranging from rock shelter sites to eroding fossilliferous sedimentary deposits. The specialists concluded that: (i) The Lake Tana area is potentially rich in prehistoric cultural heritage sites, with direct evidence provided by the rock shelter site at Gorgora. (ii) Therefore, it is essential that walk-over surveys are carried out by experienced speCialists prior to finalisation of canal, drain and road layouts. (iii) The large scale of irrigation and other water infrastructure works proposed, the potential scientific importance of the archaeological resources at risk, and limited local capacity, indicate a need for a rapid expansion of Ethiopian field archaeological capacity. The ESIA study could help initiate this important national capacity-building process. History: Ethiopian historical sources for the mediaeval and post-mediaeval periods of Ethiopian history establish the significance of the region as a melting pot for different peoples and cultures over many years. From at least the 14th century the region was under pressure from the Amhara Solomonic dynasty rulers, which culminated in the confrontation between the Christian Highland Kingdom and the Muslim sultanates of the eastern lowlands in the 16 th century, and finally the settlement and melting of the Oromos into the local fabric. A number of place names are evidence of such interaction of different cultural groups. In both project areas - Megech and Ribb - a number of belief sites (Orthodox church sites with graveyards) claim an antiquity of over half a millennium. 9.1.4 Regulatory Framework 9.1.4,1 laws, Regulations and Guidelines Relevant Ethiopian laws, regulations and guidelines include: · Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 299, 2002 · Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline Document, EPA, 2000 · A Proclamation to Provide for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage No. 209, 2000 (which includes and supersedes the two previous proclamations (No. 229 of 1966 and No. 36 of 1989). This proclamation establishes the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH), defines and categorises cultural heritage, deals with cultural heritage management, and includes prOVisions for the exploration, discovery and study of cultural heritage. Ethiopia is also a party to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. "Impact" according to Ethiopian Proclamation No. 299, 2002, is "any change to the environment or to its component that may affect human health or safety, flora, fauna .,. natural or cultural heritage, other physical structure, ... ". 15 See Annex 2 for affiliation and contact points. Environmental allei SOCIal Assessment of about 20.000 ha IlIlgation and Dri'IIIJage SCI)O!llf)S at Pump (at Seraba) Rib/'< and Angpr Dam RIOP ESIA Vol 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 9-9 The exact wording of the important article on chance discoveries in Proclamation No. 209, 2000 is given in Box 1 (below). Box 1: Extract from Proclamation 209, 2000 Article 41. Fortuitous Discovery of Cultural Heritage 1. Any person who discovers any cultural heritage in the course of and excavation connected with mining explorations, building work, road construction or other similar activities or in the course of any other fortuitous event, shall forthwith report same to the Authority (ARCCH), and shall protect and keep same intact, until the Authority takes delivery thereof. 2. The Authority shall, upon receipt of a report submitted pursuant to sub article (1) hereof, take all appropriate measures to examine, take delivery of, and register the cultural heritage so discovered. 3. Where the Authority fails to take an appropriate measures within six month in accordance with sub-article (2) of this Article, the person who has discovered the Cultural Heritage may be released from his responsibility by submitting, a written notification with a full description of the situation, to the Regional government official. 4. The Authority shall ensure that the appropriate reward is granted to the person who has handed over a cultural heritage discovered fortuitously in accordance with sub-articles (1) and (2) of this Article. And such person shall be entitled to reimbursement of expenses, if any, incurred in the course of discharging his duties under this Article. Relevant World Bank policies and guidelines include: · Operational Policy: OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, 1999, together with numerous supporting procedures, guidelines and manuals · Operational Policy: OP 4.11 PhYSical Cultural Resources, 2006 · Bank Procedures: BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources, 2006 · Physical Cultural Resources Safeguard Policy Guidebook, 2009 (this presents practical guidance on application of the Bank's heritage policy during project preparation) Key clauses from the Bank's OP 4.11 are given in Box 2 (below). ---------, Box 2 Extract from World Bank OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources within Environmental Assessment The borrower identifies physical cultural resources likely to be affected by the project and assesses the project's potential impacts on these resources as an integral part of the EA process, in accordance with the Bank's EA requirements. When the project is likely to have adverse impacts on physical cultural resources, the borrower identifies appropriate measures for avoiding or mitigating these impacts as part of the EA process. These measures may range from full site protection to selective mitigation, including salvage and documentation, in cases where a portion or all of the physical cultural resources may be lost. As an integral part of the EA process, the borrower develops a physical cultural resources management plan that includes measures for avoiding or mitigating any adverse impacts on physical cultural resources, provisions for managing chance finds, any necessary measures for strengthening institutional capacity, and a monitoring system to track the progress of these activities. The physical cultural resources management plan is consistent with the country's overall policy framework and national legislation and_takes intQ...~ccountJnstitll!ignal c9pabil~ti_E!s wi~h regar~_ to physical_~_ulturaLresources. ___ Together, these national frameworks and international requirements provide clear guidance on steps to be taken when considering implementation of projects which could affect physical cultural heritage. /rn,nact AssGssn!f:3'nt of b'bcut 000 h8 rl!/fJgr:~c") Purnp (&/ RdJb c;nd Angel Darn f~iDP FSJA VOl ~! A/Il,elre,c.,' Page 9-10 Ministry of Water and Energy 9.1.4.2 Institutions Within Ethiopia, the cultural heritage authority is the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH). This has its headquarters in Addis Ababa, and is the responsibility of the Ministry of Information and Culture. At regional, zonal and woreda (district) levels, heritage issues are managed and administered by the respective Bureaus of Culture and Tourism. In Amhara National Regional State, the responsible office is now termed the Bureau of Culture, Tourism and Parks Development (BoCTPD). Other important national institutions with heritage interests include the National Museum, Addis Ababa University's Institute of Ethiopian Studies, History Department, and School of Architecture, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and other religious organisations. Key international organisations with Ethiopian representation are the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), and UNESCO. 9. 1.5 Reconnaissance Physical Cu Itural Heritage Survey 9.1.5.1 Objectives Given the existence of known and potential physical cultural heritage in the project areas (see Section 9.1.3 above), it was necessary to determine the possible location and scale of cultural heritage issues. The first step in any such determination is the implementation of a reconnaissance survey. In this case, the objectives of the survey were to: · Characterise the physical cultural resources of the areas of the Megech/Seraba and Ribb irrigation and drainage projects; · Undertake a walkover of selected areas to investigate their cultural significance from visible cultural remains, as an input to predicting possible impacts, and · Identify further actions required to fill information gaps and mitigate potential significant impacts, . if any. 9.1.5.2 Approach Following office-based research and preparation, fieldwork was carried out from 6th _17th December 2009 in North and South Gonder Zones and specifically in Dembia, Libo Kemkem, Ibnat, Farta and Fogera Woredas. The fieldwork was a reconnaissance physical cultural heritage survey to investigate the possible impacts of the two irrigation and drainage projects on the region's physical cultural resources. The assessment was carried out in accordance with national and international guidelines. Methods and techniques adopted included: · Review of literature dealing with the regional history of the project areas; · Review of relevant Ethiopian environmental and cultural legislation; · Visit to the project areas to contact relevant government authorities, the region's project implementation teams, and key informants such as local representatives (elders), and religious leaders (clergy); · An initial walk-over site survey of key locations to locate cultural centres and record important localities with GPS and camera. The survey party consisted of (I) an Ethiopian cultural heritage speCialist (a lecturer in archaeology and cultural heritage management from AAU), and (ii) a French rural sociologist (the ESIA team's lead sociologist), and was accompanied to most sites by staff from the local administrations as well as local residents. GPS coordinates of key sites are given in Appendix 1. People and organisations contacted are listed at Appendix 2. The survey party's itinerary is given at Appendix 3. Environmental and Socia! impact Assessmenl of ,,/)oul 20.000 lia iingafion fI.',d Drainage Schemes at Pump (ar SeliJlJa) Ri/)/) and Anger Dall; - RIDP AIJf)oxes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 9-11 9.1.6 The Project Areas The two project sites under study are the Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project (MPIDP) and the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP), together with the Ribb Dam, reservoir and diversion weir (Maps 1, 2, Appendix 4). 9.1.6.1 Megech The Megech project is close to the Lake Tana shore south of the Gonder - Bahir Dar road and east of the Gonder Gorgora road (Map 1 in Appendix 4). The full Megech irrigation and drainage project comprises four sub-schemes. The MPIDP is the first to be developed and lies fully in Dembia Woreda of North Gonder Zone. Eight kebeles are included fully or partially in the command area of the Megech project: Aberja, Achera Mariam, Arabia Adisge, Chankua, Debre Zuria, Guramba Bata, Jangua Mariam, and Seraba Dabelo (source: MPIDP final Feasibility Study, Feb. 2010). 9.1.6.2 Ribb The Ribb project is planned to benefit a number of Kebeles in two Woredas of South Gonder Zone, namely Ubo Kemkem and Fogera (Map 2 in Appendix 4). Sufficient water is available for some 11,000 ha using gravity irrigation techniques, or 14,000 ha if advanced techniques such as pressurised irrigation are adopted. The command area would be on both banks of the Ribb River. Water will be supplied from a reservoir behind the Ribb Dam, which is now under construction. Water will be released from the reservoir into the Ribb River, and diverted 28 km downstream at a weir into a short head canal which will then split into two main irrigation canals, one on each side of the river. The project's design is at feasibility stage; 14 kebeles will be partly or fully within the command area in Ubo Kemkem Woreda - Agita, Angot, Bambiko, Bira, Birkute, Bura, Estifanos, Genda-weha, Kab, Shamo, Shina-Tsion, Tibaga, Tizamba, Yifag, and 8 kebeles in Fogera Woreda - Addis Betekristian, Abwa Kokit, Diba Sifatra, Ribb Gabriel, Shag a, Tiwuha Zekena, Watambi, Wereta Zuria (source: Ribb Feasibility Study, Jan. 2010). 9.2 SURVEY OBSERVATIONS 9.2.1 Megech Area 9.2.1.1 Introduction Sites visited during the survey are listed in Table 9-2 and described below. Their locations are shown in Map 1 in Appendix 4. Table 9-2: Sites Visited in Megech Area x BRk Environnlcntal and Socialltnp8rt In:gation and D!ai!lZ1qe Scl16n7cs at - RIOP ASSC:SSI11Cnl PUf1lP (at 2 AI/llexes of 3/)OU[ 000 lia /-{iLl) Angel Dan] Page 9-12 Ministry of Water and Energy 6 Wawa Kidane Mihret X 7 Dahna Gabriel X 8 Guramba Battlefield X 9 Guramba Bata X 10 Werengeb Bale X Egziabher 9.2.1.2 Narna Hill Nama Hill is the site of the rock shelter excavated by Moysey (1943). It is located north of Gorgora town along the unpaved road to Wawa Horticultural Farm and the future pumping station (Map I, Fig. 9-1) .. Pearson (pers comm., 2009) mentions scatters of lithics all around the base of the hill. These were not observed during the current rapid inspection, however other remains indicate significant past use by humans (Fig. 9-2). Figure 9-1: Nama Hill Narna Hill from the west,' the small seasonal stream mentioned in Moysey (1943) is to the right. The hill is outside the command area but adjacent to the access track from Gorgora which runs close to its base. The command area floodplain is visible beyond the figure to the left. Figure 9-2: Nama Hill - circular artefacts EIlVI!Ollmontai and Social Assessment of about 20.000 ha IIngarlOl1 and Drainage Schemes at Pump (at SeraiJai Ribb and Anger Dam - RIDP ES!A 2. Annex()s Ministry of Water and Energy Paye 9-13 On the front side of the htll (as observed from Fig. 1) and below one of the shelters on top of the hilI are circular excavations in the rock made by humans. The period and the significance of such cultural features are not yet known. The coordinates for the three circular features photographed are 1Z2543N, 03728400E The pen indicates scale. The site is highly accessible and therefore at risk from intensification of human activities. The finding of the imprints in Fig. 9-2, together with the rock shelter and the reports of stone artefacts, call for further study of this site. 9.2.1.3 Kurtiye Hill This site is close to the shore of Lake Tana (Map 1, Appendix 4). It comprises a relatively level grassy field on a ridge, adjacent to a rocky hill locally called Kurtiye (this is surmounted by three disused water storage tanks from a former East German aid project). The landscape setting of the area is indicative of its suitability for use by humans to exploit the resources of the lake, even (or especially) at past higher water levels. A short walk-over survey of the area yielded artefacts indicative of past human activities: stone scrapers scattered on different parts of the field and hill, and also pottery shards (Figs. 9-3, 9-4). Depending on the exact final design and layout details - and the extent of the physical remains - this site may be affected by improved access and a significant increase in human activities. The site of the pumping station is understood to be approx. 1 km to the south, and was not inspected. Figure 9-3: Kurtiye Hill Kurtiye Hill north of the pumping station site and near the main canal. Scattered stone tools were found in the field where the two men are standing. On the stone-paved track up the hill are pottery fragments and stone tools. There is a high potential for physical cultural resources in the surrounding area (around coordinates 12.26285N, 03730242E). Ellvirollmenia/ [l1J(! SOCia/Impact Assessment of about 20.000 ha it ,aaIiG!! and Or811J8qo Sc/)()t1]c'S at Megecll Pump (at Suaba). RiM) and Angei DafT' . RIOP ESlk VOl;; t",lIexes . Page 9-14 Ministry of Water and Energy Figure 9-4: Kurtiye Hill - stone artefacts A variety of stone artefacts collected from the field adjacent to Kurtiye Hill. It is clear from microliths spread over the area that prehistoric man used this site to exploit the rich environment of the lake and lake margin. 9.2.1.4 Abba Taje Hill This small hill is located close to the road from Gonder to Gorgora, close to and west of Narna hill (Map 1, Appendix 4). According to one local farmer (a guard for Wawa Horticultural Farm), a number of pots have been found when cultivating land nearby. Another farmer reported that local residents are hosting a pot found underground (further enquiry is necessary to locate it). Such information is consistent with observation of widespread pottery shards on the farmland around the hill. In addition, on the top of the hill are circular holes similar to those at the Narna site. They are carved in two places in different parts of the top of the hill, in solid rock (Fig. 9-5). Being adjacent to the main road, the site is highly accessible and therefore potentially at risk from intensification of human activities. The finding of the imprints in Fig. 9-5, together with the pottery shards, calls for further study of this site. {1.'~~.·. ~~.~.~ ~'.. . '~i;, Figure 9-5: Abba Taje Hill - circular artefact Umdentified cultural remains (purpose unknown): a circular hole with internal surfaces indicative of the use of fire or soot (carbon). Environmental and Social Impact Assessm(,l]t of about 20.000 iJa ImgatlolJ and Drainage Schemes at Megech Pump (at Saraba) Ribh and Anger Darn . RIDP FSIA' Vol 2. Annrxcs Ministry of Water and Energy 9.2.1.5 Chehaldibi Hill This site is a hill located in the middle of the plain within the Megech (Seraba) command area (Map 1, Fig. 9-6). It is also known locally as Chehaldibit or Kumbullo Terrara, and is about 2 km north of Narna Hill. It is within the command area. The coordinates for the top of Chehaldibi are 12.27S3N, 037.27670E, and its GPS elevation is 1836 m a.s.1. This site was visited because of its similarity with Narna Hill, and because a previous rapid visit by an archaeologist revealed that it was covered with lithic debris, much of microlithic debitage 16 , although virtually all of the soil that once may have been on the hill has eroded away (Pearson, pers. comm., 2009). A walk-over survey around the foot of the hill (not easy because of grass, thorny bushes and field crops) and to its summit resulted in discovery of evidence of cultural activity on the western side of the hill (Fig. 9-7), Here there is a circular stone structure about 6 m in diameter. On the corner of the main structure and inside are about four stone mound-like structures. According to local farmers, who accompanied the survey party, no recent activity is known to have been conducted on the hill. The local inhabitants are afraid of climbing the hill because it is believed that a python is living there. This suggests that the hill may have a history of serving as a ritual site related to belief in snakes, particularly before Christianity spread to the region. Implementation of the project could affect Chehaldibi by improving both access and demands for building materials, in the worst case leading to dismantling of the stone structure, or perhaps illegal excavation by treasure hunters. Figure 9-6: Chehaldibi Hill Chehaldibi (Kumbullo) viewed from south-east (western side of hili under sunset light). 16 Microlithic debitage: the small stone chips created when making stone tools. Env:rC'J1rnental and Social/lnpact Asscssf?1t?nt of atout 2(J 000 ha BRk ScllEmes at - .RIDP Pump (al SeraiJa). RtIJb and Al,yel Dan' 2. Ai/olex6'; . Page 9-16 Ministry of Water and Energy Figure 9-7: Chehaldibi HiII- circular stone structure Part of a circular stone structure and mounds on the western side of the hill. There is no indication of any earthwork associated with this structure. At about 6 m in diameter, it appears too big for the wall of a typical round rural house. The potential importance of the site indicates that a detailed survey is required. Any such survey should include both the immediate locality and the alignment of the main canal up to Wawa, including Narna Hill and the areas around Dahna Gabriel and Wawa KfMihret Churches. 9.2.1.6 Religious Sites The Amhara region, particularly the area under consideration, is widely known for its rich historical cultural heritage. Some important religious sites, such as the Monastery of Debre Sina at Gorgora, will not be directly affected by the project. However, other churches could be affected, either physically through effects such as changes in groundwater conditions, or functionally through changes in access resulting from the excavation of canals and drains. The obvious mitigation measure for interrupted access is construction of footbridges at appropriate locations. One church to which access would clearly be affected by construction of the main canal is Wawa Kidane Mihret. The church is close to but outSide the command area, at 12.27456N, 037.26789E (Map 1). Appropriate bridge facilities will be required. Old stone-covered grave mounds exist in the church compound, and pottery shards occur in the vicinity (Figs. 9-8, 9-9). Figure 9-8: Wawa K. Mihret - grave mound Envi!{":nmenlal and S')Ciallrnpilc:1 Assessmen/ of alJoil' 20,000 ha /:/lg8110n And Dral!1age Sclle!Jws ill McgeeI'! Pump (ill SelaiJai Ribl) and Anger Dwn - RiDP ES!A Vol '2 Annex/'s Ministry of Water and Energy Paue 9 17 Grave mound in the compound of Wawa K. Mihret. Note, only some stone structures are visible due to the vegetation. The coordinates for the church were taken close to this grave. The pot shards collected at the church and other similar remains on the surface and in the farms around are not of recent production, and they are likely to be of considerable antiquity. The other church close to and overlooking the Dahna and Wawa plains is Dahna Gabriel (Map 1, Appendix 4). Abundant pottery fragments were observed here, characteristic of the environment stretching across the plains via Narna to the lakeshore around the pumping station. Figure 9-9: Wawa K. Mihret - pottery fragments Pottery fragments collected from the surface near the church, probably by children. This is a good example of pressure on cultural features when awareness is low, particularly on archaeological remains such as pot shards and stone tools. 9.2.1.7 Guramba Battlefield The MPIDP command area stretches northwards close to the historical battlefield called Guramba. The Battle of Guramba is important in modern Ethiopian history, for it was here that the future Tewodros II, the then Kasa of Quara, crushed Daj. Goshu Zewudie of Gojam fighting under Ras Ali. This was on 27 Nov. 1852. Guramba therefore comprises a very significant historical landscape requiring serious conSideration, together with Gorgora Bichen, another successful battle for Tewodros. The plain north-east of Guramba is very extensive and the precise location of the battlefield is not clear, although a local elder showed the survey team what he believes to be the site (this is "oral history"). As yet, no battlefield archaeological survey has been conducted and documented. The battlefield is probably outSide the MPIDP command area (Map 1, Appendix 4). Nevertheless, intensification of agriculture in the Dembia Plains as a direct or indirect result of the MPIDP or the other Megech irrigation projects could affect buried battlefield features. This suggests that it would be wise to attempt to survey and document the battlefield before development brings significant physical changes to the area. SOCi!lllmpact Assessment of a(loul 20 000 /la BRts ;'r il}.jtll)/1 E/;vl:onmental dn(i D!!J!fl,a) Rlhb and A'tge,' 013111 . RiOi' FSIA Vol Page 9·22 Ministry of Water and Energy Figure 9"16: Artefacts in field on western side of Abba Roba locality Fragment of grinding stone, pottery fragments and stone tools in a field on the Agita Kebele sIde of Abba Roba locality. 9.2.2.5 Abwa Kokit Kebele The survey party visited Abwa Iyesus church in Abwa Kokit Kebele on the left bank of the Ribb. At this location discussions were held with the clergy, Woreda staff, Kebele staff and the head of the local Women's Association called "Genet Got". The church dates back to the era of Seiferad in the 14th Century. The church owns land but does not have a land certificate. Local residents are aware of the project, but do not have details of the location of the proposed infrastructure, and therefore remain concerned as to potential impacts on land and heritage features such as graveyards. 9.2.2.6 Nabega Giorghis Area Nabega Giorghis is an ancient church (Table 9-3) in NabegaKebele downstream of the command area in Fogera Woreda (Map 2, Appendix 4). The site was visited at the insistence of the Woreda administration, who are very concerned that Nabega Kebele should be included in the project. The church compound supports a variety of indigenous tree species. The clergy reported that the increase in population has put pressure on available space for burials, so much so that new burials take place on top of old ones, and "bones are revealed". The burial Sites around the church are not easy to identify since there is no culture of stone markings, only earthen mounds. The lands of Nabega Giorghis are said to be under pressure from encroachment by farmers. The land re- organisation exercise to be conducted by the project could mitigate this problem by firmly establishing everyone's property rights and boundaries. Locally, there is concern that improved access to the kebele as a result of the project (until now access is limited to the dry season) would increase the risk of theft of treasures from this and other churches and monasteries. Also, as at Megech, construction of canals and drains could affect access to churches by their congregations. Local informants were concerned that all new channels should include bridges, with locations selected in close consultation with local residents and their representatives. Envllonmental and Socia! Impacl Assessment of about 20 'JOO /7a ImgatlO!l and Olilmage Schemes at Megech Pump (al SerabaJ Ribb and Angel Dam . RIOP ESIA Vol. 2. Ani/exes· Ministry of Water and Energy Page &-23 Being close to Lake Tana and with significant wetland resources, Nabega Kebele provides substantial habitat for international migratory birds, especially in Shesher Pond and Welela Pond (Fig. 9-17) near Nabega Giorghis. The Woreda Culture and Tourism Office hopes to develop tourism with this area as a key eco-attraction. However, local farmers' pressure for land is affecting the wetlands and reducing their extent. In recognition of their ecological importance, it is understood that measures to provide the water necessary for continued functioning of the wetlands will be included in the project design. Figure 9-17: Wetland from compound of Nabega Giorghis Church, Dec. 2009 9.2.2.7 Churches in Fogera Woreda The Fogera area is home to a number of old-established churches. Table 9-4 lists the churches in the potentially project-affected Kebeles in Fogera Woreda. Their remarkable age reflects the expansion of state power and Christianity in the region in the post-Zagwe Kingdom period of the 13th Century AD. Table 9-4: Churches in Potentially Affected Kebe/es in Fogera Woreda No. Name of Church Kebele Foundation Date (Western Calendar) 1 Shaga Mariam Sha a _ _ _ _.L---.__L~ ______ t--_-:::_-r""D.:.:ib::.::ba Giorghis 2 Dibba Sifatra -_-~----j-I--_-_-"-'----------1 t--_..;:;:__ +_;;::.S=ifatra Mariam Dibba Sifatra 4 Ribb Gabriel Ribb Gabriel 5 -+~i~nc~h~i~b~T~s~io~n~______-+~R~ib~b.Gabrie_I__________+-______ ~~~ ______~ 6 Robgeb~~~aria~_____ R~~briel_________-1 ____'___ ~~' ______ ~ 7 ~~D~e=~~1 MaI@~ ______-+__~~~ ____________+ _______ ~~____'______-1 8 GIJ/)datsion______ If'!p_ta_m_!)L__ --------+--------""-==----------1 Betekristian Mariam r-~---1---------------'- Addis Betekristian ----.---------t-----.--~-----__I . 10 G~b_t_s_io~_________ ~I-A-d~d~i~sBete~risti~~----.---t--------~~-----1 § 11 12 13 . 14 Ribb K. Mihret K~kit K~ Mihr(!t Nabe Addis Betekristian Abwa Iyesu~_ _ _ _ ___t-A-'b'--"".a Koti!___.___._ _+-__.__---""_=-"--_______--\ Nabega ---------.-----+---------=.::-=---.----1 Abwa_Kokit __________--1'-_________ :::.:::..:-'-_________ --I Source: Consultant, from records at Fogera Woreda Culture & Tourism Office EiJvilonmenlaf and SQcliJllmpact AssessmElit of about 20.000 lli'i B~ /:uqa[lc:-j w;d Orainage Sc/1clnes at - RIOlO Vol ? Pwnp (at Seraba) R/bl) slld AnfF:'1 Darn A"Jl8X().' Page 9-24 Ministry of Water and Energy 9.3 INITIAL ASSESSMENT 8: RECOMMENDATIONS 9.3.1 Overview The project areas are both rich in cultural remains of various types. However, there is a major information gap about the cultural significance of the region in general and the project localities in particular. Consequently, in accordance with both national and international guidance, and to avoid hold- ups in implementation due to discoveries at a later date, it would be appropriate to: 1. Undertake detailed surveys of limited localities prior to construction, specifically (i) at and around the pumping station site and main canal alignment at Megech, and (ii) at and around the diversion weir site at Ribb. The investigating team should be multi-disciplinary (archaeologist, historian, linguist, geologist). 2. Attach a qualified and experienced archaeologist to the supervision team during earthworks in sensitive locations. 3. Establish clear chance find procedures for implementation during construction. For this purpose, the Amhara Culture and Tourism Bureau (under Ato Mulugeta Seid, the Regional Project Coordinator) has agreed to provide available expertise whenever chance finds are reported. Considering the importance of the various historic and prehistoric remains and sites to the living culture and tourism potential of the region, it is also strongly recommended that: 4. The Project Implementation Teams (PITs) should be expanded to include representation from the respective Culture and Tourism Offices, at all administrative levels. Notes: (i) these recommendations are DRAFT, and are to be discussed with the concerned authorities before finalisation; (ii) the agreed measures will be incorporated in the Environmental Management Plan in the ESIA as a Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan. (iii) the Terms of Reference for preparation of the Resettlement Action Plans for the Megech and Ribb projects includes the task "Determine the impact on cultural property and prepare a plan for relocation and restoration in consultation with local groups". Therefore it will be important to coordinate between the ESIA and the RAP study in relation to further development of the projects' heritage management approach. 9.3.2 Specific Recommendations 9.3.2.1 Megech - General This reconnaissance survey has confirmed previous indications that the area near Gorgora within which the project's construction activities will be undertaken is rich in physical cultural resources (tangible cultural heritage: prehistoric sites at Narna, Chehaldibi, Abba Taje and Kurtiye Hill with significant stone artefacts on the surface). Other sites may exist but are, as yet, undiscovered. The preferred response is an intensive survey and documentation of heritage sites within and near the project's physical footprint before the earthworks are started. The survey would also define sensitive areas for close supervision during construction, and generate management recommendations for known PCR. A first approximation of the resources required is a small, multi-disciplinary team (archaeologist, historian, linguist and geologist) with five labourers for 10 days in the field, plus two days for travel to and from Bahir Dar. Costs are estimated at ETB 100,000 for the field survey, plus lab analysis and writing-up time, which will be dependent on finds. Environmental and Social Assessment of about 20.000 ha Irl/gallon and Oralflage Schemios at Pump (at Serabai R!tJb and Anger Dam RIOP Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 9-25 In addition (and in any case) an archaeologist should be attached to the construction supervision team during major earthworks activities in sensitive areas, including the development of quarries and borrow pits. The archaeologist should have direct links to the Resident Engineer or other senior Employer's representative, so that appropriate procedures can be initiated immediately should any remains be encountered. 9.3.2.2 Megech - Churches Two churches in Dembia Woreda (Guramba Bata and Wawa K. Mihret) are close to the main canal. The church leaders confirmed that they have agreed with the authorities that no canal or drain will directly affect the church compounds, and inspection of the feasibility-level layout indicates that care has been taken to avoid direct impacts on known church property. However, in the case of Guramba Bata this is one of the oldest churches in the area, and there is no certainty as to the boundaries of the church compound in the past or to the location of all burial sites associated with the church. Consequently a close watch will be needed when undertaking construction activities around Guramba Bata church. Project implementation is likely to affect access to churches by local residents due to the construction of many km of new irrigation and drainage channels (and some new access tracks). It is important that local communities are consulted to clarify the number, type and positioning of bridges. This can be done during detailed design. Note: Achera Mariam Church (in Dembia Woreda) is said to be flooded by the Megech River in summer. It is uncertain how much the MPIDP will alleviate this problem. However, completion of the Megech Dam should result in full control of flooding in the Megech River. 9.3.2.3 Megech - Other features Muslim graveyard: the potential impact of the project on the ancient Muslim graveyard ("Janbedel") in Arabia Abba Ubanos Kebele of Dembia Woreda cannot be assessed without additional information. The site should be investigated by a historian in cooperation with the concerned Culture and Tourism Offices to determine what further steps should be taken, if any. Guramba Battlefield: as a lower priority, the location of the battlefield should be determined so that appropriate conservation and management measures can be taken prior to its development by the Megech gravity irrigation and drainage project. 9.3.2.4 Ribb - Diversion Weir Area This reconnaissance survey has found that the location to be affected by the project's planned diversion weir and canal headworks is rich in physical cultural resources (tangible cultural heritage), expressed as stone and pottery remains on the surface. As at Megech, the preferred response is an intensive survey and documentation of heritage sites before the earthworks are started. Resource requirements are as for Megech (see Section 9.3.2.1 above). In addition (and in any case) an archaeologist should be attached to the construction supervision team during all earthworks activities, including the development of quarries and borrow pits. 9.3.2.5 Ribb - Churches As at Megecll, project implementation is likely to affect access to churches by local residents due to the construction of many km of new channels (and some new access tracks). It is important that local communities are consulted to clarify the number, type and positioning of bridges. tnt'!/Ollmelltai and Socia/Impact AssessmEnt Gf about 20000 Iw /r'l(]at,D,-} c;nd DraInage Scheo7cs at Purnp (at SsraIJa). Ribb and Angel Dan' . RiDP FSIA 7. Allliexe." Page 9-26 Ministry of Water and Energy 9.3.3 Contacts for Survey Tasks Appropriate personnel for the recommended pre-construction surveys can be sourced through the Regional Bureau of Culture, Tourism and Parks Development. Contacts: · Ato Abebe Mengistu (archaeologist) 0911-537-362 · Ato Gashaw (cultural expert) 0911-016-330 For other experts: contact the Regional Project Coordinator and Head of the BoCTPD: · Ato Mulugeta Seid, 0918-340-179. Note that skilled field personnel ("spotters") exist in the region, having gained experience through internationally-sponsored archaeological research expeditions. They can be contacted through national and international archaeologists involved in, for example, the Blue Nile Basin Survey Project which has been active at Chilga near Gonder. 9.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 9.4.1 General The Gonder region, historically known as Begemidir, has served as fertile ground for cultural developments, both prehistoric and historic. A reconnaissance survey by a cultural heritage specialist and rural sociologist in the project areas in Dembia, Libo Kemkem, Fogera, Ibnat and Farta Woredas in December 2009 confirmed previous indications of rich physical cultural resources (archaeological and religious) in both locations. The project areas are important, or potentially important, for both historical and living culture, and also have some economic potential for future tourism development. However, there is little documented information on these sites and features. Project implementation is likely to affect some of these heritage resources, especially through the direct impact of earthworks during construction, or subsequently through changes in physical conditions such as groundwater or improvements in access. Their conservation, in accordance with national and international regulations and guidelines, requires: · Inclusion of cultural heritage as a key topic in further stages of project planning and implementation. · Close cooperation and consultation with local stakeholders. · Further scientific investigation, onMsite. · Follow-up actions based on the findings of the detailed surveys. This survey illustrates the importance of integrating cultural heritage impact assessment into development activities in Ethiopia. 9.4.2 Updates The findings of the reconnaissance survey were discussed with the ARCCH on 08 March 2010. This led to a further discussion on the way forward involving the ARCCH, the ESIA Consultant and a representative of MoWR on 24 March 2010. Following the second meeting ARCCH prepared a proposal for a rapid archaeological impact assessment of both project sites to be carried out by speCialists from the Authority and AAU. The survey would involve six professionals: historic and prehistoric archaeologists, a palaeontologist, an anthropologist, a historian and a GIS expert over a total of 10 days, and was budgeted at a very modest ETB 85,476.60 (see Annex 12.2). MoWE informed the Consultant that funds for this work were not available and that in any case the MoWE is unable to commission civil servants to carry out surveys. The Consultant recommended that this impasse might be overcome by scheduling the ARCCH survey for the start-up phase of construction, and implementing it through the Supervision Consultant. Dec. 2010: the TOR for the Management Services Contract include the ARCCH survey as a task within the Scope of Services of the contractor's Activity 1. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of "Ilout 20.000 1m Irngatlon allri Oramage Schemes fJf Pump (at Seraha) RI/lb aliel Angor D,YIi RIOP Vol 2 AIi!1eX(S . Ministry of Water and Energy Page 9-27 9.5 REFERENCES References in Text Clark, J.D. 1945. A Kenya Fauresmith factory and homesite at Gonder, North Abyssinia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 31: 19-27. Kappelman, J., D.T. Rasmussen, W.J. Sanders, M. Feseha, T. Brown, P. Copeland, J. Crabaugh, J. Fleagle, M. Glantz, A. Gordon, B. Jacobs, M. Maga, K. Muldoon, A. Pan, L. pyne, B. Richmond, T. Ryan, E.R. Seiffert, S. Sen, L. Todd, M.e. Wiemann, & A. Winkler. 2003. Oligocene mammals from Ethiopia and faunal exchange between Afro-Arabia and EUraSia. Nature, 426 (6966): 549- 552 Leakey, L.B.S. 1943. The Industries of the Gorgora Rock Shelter, Lake Tana. J. of East African and Ugandan Natural Hist. Society. 17:199-208. Moysey, e.F. 1943. Excavation of a Rock Shelter at Gorgora, Lake Tana, Ethiopia. J. of East African and Ugandan Natural Hist. Society. 17:196-198. Todd, L., M. Glantz & J. Kappelman. 2003. Chilga Kernet: An Acheulean landscape on Ethiopia's western plateau. Antiquity! 76 (293): 611-612 World Bank. 2009. Physical Cultural Resources Safeguard Policy Guidebook. World Bank, Washington, DC. Additional Chilga Archaeology Project Publications Garda Massini, J.L., Jacobs, B.F., Pan, A., Tabor, N., Kappelman! J. 2006. The occurrence of the fern Acrostichum in Oligocene volcanic strata of the northwestern Ethiopian plateau. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167: 909-918 Jacobs, B.F. 2007. Fossils from ancient forests in Africa provide a palaeobotanist with insight into past climates. Nature Journal Club 447: 119 Jacobs, B.F., Tabor, N., Feseha, M., Pan, A.! Kappelman, J., Rasmussen, D., Sanders, W., Wiemann, M., Crabaugh, J., Garcia Massini, J. 2005. Oligocene terrestrial strata of northwestern Ethiopia: a preliminary report on paleoenvironments and paleontology. Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 8, Issue 1; 25A:19p, 852KB. Pan, A., Jacobs, B.F., Dransfield, J. and Baker, W. 2006. The fossil history of palms in Africa and new records from the Late Oligocene (N27 - 28 Myr) of northwestern Ethiopia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 151: 69-81 Sanders, W.J.; Kappelman, J.; Rasmussen, D.T .. 2004. New large-bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 49 (3): 365-392 Some Relevant Historical Works, in English Bahru Zewde. 1991. A History of Modern Ethiopia (l855-1974).Oxford University Press, London. Bruce, James. 1790. Travels to discover the source of the Nile, in the years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, & 1773. Edinburgh: J. Ruthven, for G.G.J. and J. Robinson. Five volumes. Mordechai Abir. 1969. Ethiopia, the Era of the Princes. Longman, UK. 208p Taddesse Tamrat. 1972. Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 372p En'/!fDW:7Cn!al and SOClallinpact Assess!7It'fJt of i3lJout 20 000 ha BR~ Ilng;~t;()!, Orai!1i.lflE: Schemes at Pump (at Sera/Ja). RI/)/) amj t,n9c,/ Dall"' R/DP 2 Anne.'f'.' Page 9·28 Ministry of Water and Energy 9.6 ApPENDIX 1 - GPS RECORDS No. Local name Northing Easting Description Megech 1 Narna 12.25432 37.28384 Hill: rock shelter with cultural imprints on the floor and outside the shelter 2 Field near Wawa 12.26212 - ~- 37.30052 Field: stone tools on surface - pumping station -- >---- - 3 Kurtiye 12.26285 37.30242 Small hill: pottery shards and stone tools 4 Abba Taje ---- --~ 12.25583 37.27158 I Small hill: circular holes in the rock, pot shards 5 Chehaldibi 12.27536 37.27670 Hill: circular stone structure, mounds on western Side 6 Wawa Kidane Mihret 12.27456 37.26786 Church: on edge of command area, rich in pot shards 7 Dahna Gabriel 12.27642 37.25350 Church: outside command area, culturally rich (pottery) 8 Guramba Battlefield - - Site of 1852 battle; exact location to be determined -- - 9 Guramba Bata 12.34373 37.32794 Ancient church, close to the future main canal -~-------------~-------- 10 Werengeb Bale 37.31143 Church: inside command area, south-west Egziabher of Guramba Ribb -------~- 1 Ribb Dam 12.03375 38.00337 Dam site 2 Askura Gabriel 12.06460 37.92541 Modern church; in Birkute Kebele, right side of Ribb valley, highly incised ridge, eroded, small sedimentary exposures - 3 Diversion weir site 12.02829 37.83543 Pasture: Significant pottery remains on the surface 4a Abba Roba Got 12.02704 37.83271 Pasture and fields: rich in pottery (hamlet) fragments and polished stones, grinding 4b 12.02457 37.83379 stones, on both sides of the river around 4c 12.02957 37.83753 the future weir ------- - I -~-----~-- 5 Abwa Iyesus 11.99435 37.70810 Church: close to the Ribb river in Fogera plain, ancient 6 Nabega Giorghis 11.98002 37.60508 Ancient church: indigenous trees, burial site of well-known persons (e.g. Alaqa Gebrehana) Note: these locations are shown on Maps 1 and 2 in Appendix 4, respectively. Ellvlronmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20. 000 .ha /Iligation ilnd Draillage Schemes at Pump (at Serabal. RiLlb iJnd Anger Dam - RIDP 2 Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 9-29 9.7 ApPENDIX 2 - PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS CONTACTED 9.7.1 Appendix 2.1: ESIA Study Team Cultural Heritage Contacts in Addis Ababa Name Position I Affiliation Contact ADDIS ABABA Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) r-------~ '---' -~-~- -- Jara Haile Mariam Director General 011-515-7630 -r-- Ephraim Amare Director, Cultural Heritage Inventory, Impressions 0911-761-554 and Standardisation -~ r----- -- Hailu Zelleke Head of Research ---------~ '---~---.-- IKebede Geleta Archaeologist 0911-445-828 ------ F kddISAb.b. Unlve,."y (AAUl Mulugeta Fe,eh~ Dr. Kassaye Begashaw Dean, College of Development Studies Coordinator, Archaeology Unit (and former Director, ARCCH) 0911- 244-962 --- Independent Fasil Giorghis A, ,"lIll"',"l I Cultural Heritage Specialist 00-251-114-674 072 World Bank Ian Campbell Economist and Cultural Resources ;pecial ) 1-254-179 INTERNATIONAL r-----------. Prof. Lawrence Todd Director, Laboratory of Human Paleoecology, Dept. 00-1-307-868 of Anthropology, Colorado State University 2169 ~- - -- Prof. John Kappelman Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, University of 00-1-970-491 Texas 5110 -- Osbjorn Pearson Associate Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, 00-1-505-277 University of New Mexico 6692 Euv"Dflm8nlai and Social Impact Assoss!l)r-!n( nf abcli·t 20.000 Ita /1 !'~ia!!Ci.'; al/rj Diainagc Schernos at A4egedi PUIlJp :al 8era/Jn). ,C?tl),i) and Anger Darn . RIDP ESIA liol 2 Au!!c '.17" . Page 9-30 Ministry of Water and Energy 9.7.2 Appendix 2.2: People Contacted during Implementation of Reconnaissance Survey Name Position I Affiliation Contact ADDIS ABABA Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Kebede Geleta ~.'"" ' ,jet ,,. 1-445-828 Dr. Kassaye Begashaw Director (currently leology Unit, AAU) J BAHIR DAR Bureau of Culture and Tourism Mulugeta Seid Damtew Regional Project Coordinator & Head, Reg' Culture & Tourism Bureau W/Gabriel Head (Amhara Region Culture and Bureau of Finance and Economic Development Berhanu Ayichew ENIDP Deputy Regional Project Coordinator GONDER Culture and Tourism Office Getnet lei It'or. lc h'" detNrr.j;'i~d D:f 4'&::0 legend E'dt~ I\Y'C<';f': ,,"\,Ie{h, (,ic.$t' t:,.t1'l': h;t;/,o! · + Churches ,-I ~.fJ:,4I!"' Pumping Slation Sfle * Site Vlsrled and 01 mterest ·· -+ · tit TOwns "' "n, f .' -J, Mam Canal .... Senncc Road r Secondary Canal . ~...~ (J I. , ~ -' Secondary Canal .... ServiCe Road ("iW,-NA' Other Proposed Roads Natural DH)lnS .. RIvers rh Command Area Boundary Possrble site 01 Guramha Battlefield _--::if>~ N~' :: 5 5 k:mi Coorda'lalf:' SySlfi'fl\ Admdao_VTM_lone_27N ~~.-; tHe/LtlUll _ GUlaOOeMrkae~ .!!; Reconnaissance Physical Cultural Heritage Survey Megech Area .... ....- I ESIA of trrlgation and Drainage Schemes ,,", ~ .~jjH at Megech Pump, Ribb and Anger Dam :;1 · ..ol;oemenho G~ts+--, ...... SRI,.. 305000 325000 Date February 2010 RRL ~ Ministry of Water and Energy l~~O ~ EIIlIPPIJlI !".~ Abba, Legend + *. ChUfches S!1e ViSited · rowns D Command AIf:'!a Ooundilf)' 'l\ietla11Cl w~, 6 . . . . . . . ..c~~==~iKm CO(1rdma{e Syst@rn Admdah_UTM]ort8_JI'N Reconnaissance Physical Cultural Heritage Survey Ribb Area E:SlA of I,.rig.tion and DOIinage Scham" at Megeeh Pump. Ribb and Anger Dam BRL <..,. 8RL~!~. "'!"",,,'.C""_llnltfnQl'_~jIlCIO) _brU, _ ... t1'""n....om Date Februaf)' 2010 ~ lult/.!II BRt.. Ministry of Water and Energy Page 10-1 10. Annex 10 - Recommendations for Tender Documents TABLE OF CONTENTS 10.1 CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION AND O&M CONTRACT .......................... 10-2 10.2 CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT ........................................................ 10-5 10.3 WORKPLACE HOUSEKEEPING - CHECKLIST FOR CONSTRUCTION SITES.... 10-12 Note: Construction and initial operation of the project is subject to two major contracts: · Construction and commissioning of the physical works/ estimated at a total period of 3 years. · Construction supervision (3 years)/ followed by operation and maintenance (O&M) of the off-farm aspects of the scheme (primary and secondary irrigation infrastructure/ service roads etc.), and support for Water Users AssOCiations (WUAS) for a period understood to be 5 years. Both contracts will be tendered internationally, and both are subject to the procurement rules of the prOject's international sponsor, the World Bank. This Annex provides guidance on environmental and social topics which should be considered for incorporation into the respective contracts. It also provides an example checklist for good "housekeeping" on construction sites. f;;vJll);;melllai and Soc;a11mpact Asses"monl of abollt 20. 000 17<: BRL I"~ 98iiOI' Sct:emes at Pump (a( SeraIJa) Ril)/) and A';qel Da,r: 2 Ann8XG5 Page 10-2 Ministry of Water and Energy 10.1 CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION AND OaM CONTRACT The construction supervision and O&M contract does not fit the form of the Bank's standard bidding documents, so special documents are in preparation, in the form of a Management Services Contract (MSC) for a Private Sector Participation (PSP) contractor. In order to protect the sensitive environment, accelerate the flow of benefits and to establish a high- quality example for other schemes to follow, it is recommended that the following points should be included in these documents: 1. Information for Bidders: interested parties should be informed as to the general environmental and social sensitivity of the area (globally important wetlands adjacent to Lake Tana, very traditional focal culture). Specific sensitivities include, for example: · Access to land / land reallocation. · Historic heritage features. · Seasonal fish migrations up main rivers. · Seasonal presence of internationally endangered migratory birds in wetlands. · A high number of culturally important holidays, festivals and days of rest. · Poverty, suspicion of outsiders, and unequal gender relations. 2. Health & Safety: due to existing low standards, high sensitivities and intemational financing and bidding, Health & Safety should be prioritised during both construction and operation. This will require a proactive approach with a considerable training element on site, and in addition will require the establishment of a system for evacuation of casualties to appropriate medical facilities. It will also require the establishment and implementation of an effective HIV/AIDS prevention programme, in accordance with the Bank's standard requirements. 3. Environmental Protection: the sensitivities of the site and proximity to water of all operations necessitates the application of high standards of environmental protection on site. In addition to ensuring compliance with the provisions of the construction contract (see Annex 10.2), there are many aspects of system O&M that should be covered by environmentally sensitive standard operating procedures (SOPs: see Point 15 below). 4. Quality Standards: in response to the environmental and social sensitivities and to meet international best practice, it would be appropriate to require the bidders to be ready to establish certified QA systems: · For environmental protection, an Environmental Management System (EMS) in accordance with ISO 14001 or the European Union's EMAS. · For social accountability, a system taking account of the ISO standard on Social Responsibility (ISO 26000». 5. Resources for HSE Supervision during Construction: the construction contractor will be required to comply with extensive health, safety, environment (HSE) and labour welfare provisions. A key element in obtaining practical compliance with these provisions will be the attitude and resources of the supervision consultant. These topics are almost always given second priority on construction sites unless the supervision consultant is directed to give them a higher priority by the Employer (leadership), and is resourced to do so (staff-months). Construction of RIDP is a moderately-sized contract (of the order of USD 30 million) in a sensitive location and involving, directly or indirectly, large numbers of people. Under these circumstances it is recommended that the supervision consultant be resourced for (i) an international HSE specialist for a minimum of 6 months, and (ii) a fUll-time national HSE officer. The role of the intemational specialist would be (a) to ensure that, at the beginning of the contract, the construction contractor develops and implements effective HSE plans and practices, (b) to train and empower, on the job, his national colleague, and (c) to reinforce his national colleague by short repeat visits throughout the construction period. Envil(lnmellta/ Etnd Socia/Impact Ass(;ssfl)f)nt of aiJout 2CJ OOO ha Irllgation alld Drainage Schemes at Megee" Pump (Ett Sel!:liJai RI/Al aile! Angol Dam - RloP ESlk Vol 2 Annexes BRL Ministry of Water and Energy 6. Bid Evaluation: the environmental and social quality of the bids should be included in the bid evaluation process, with pOints awarded. 7. Cultural Heritage: as a specific task prior to contractor mobilisation on site and the assoCiated earthworks, the supervision consultant could commission the cultural heritage survey proposed by the ARCCH and facilitate the project's response to the survey findings (see Annex 12.2 for the survey proposal). 8. Fish passage: as a specific task prior to approval of the relevant detailed designs for constrUction, the supervision consultant should be asked to undertake a specialised review of the design of the cross-drainage siphons, fords etc. with respect to fish passage. Outline TOR for this task are provided at Annex 12.1. 9. PMP Phase 2: as a specific task during construction, the supervision consultant should be asked to prepare a Phase 2 Pest Management Plan. Outline TOR for this task are provided at Annex 12.2. 10. Additional crossings: as a specific task during construction, the supervision consultant should organise and implement a consultation programme with kebeles to identify optimal additional crossing points and crossing types (mainly for pedestrians and livestock). These could then be built by the construction contractor as day works or at unit rates. 11. Scheme Start-up: the practicalities and issues surrounding support to farmers after construction starts and before the water flows are challenging and will need very close coordination between all project partners. This point should be emphasised in the tender documents and a credible response requested as part of the bid. 12. WUA Support: the creation and training of democratic, effective and transparently-run WUAs and their sub-units (Water User Clusters and Water User Basic Units, respectively WUCs and WUBUs) will be a major task. As noted in the impact analysis (Chapter 5, Section 5.4.10.1), the supervision and O&M consultant will require a deep understanding of local social dynamics as well as the more usual technical irrigation and organisational skills in order to have any chance of succeeding. 13. O&M - Weed Control: the project will develop and implement an Integrated Pest Management Plan (see Annex 8 and Annex 12.3). This will apply to scheme O&M by the contractor, who will have to develop procedures for weed control which do not involve the use of herbicides. This requirement will also apply to WUAs advised by the contractor, who may be tempted to use herbicides for weed control in channels on-farm. 14. O&M - Fisheries!Aquaculture: during scheme operation there may be a need to consider water management in relation to canal and night-reservoir fisheries (aquaculture). The contract should make clear that the O&M contractor must actively facilitate such practices. 15. O&M - Standard Operating Procedures: the contractor should be required, as part of his EMS, to develop and implement standard operating procedures for (SOPs) for O&M tasks such as weed clearance and channel profile maintenance, including notifications to WUAs and land users, working in water, weed and spoil disposal, etc. SOPs should also cover equipment maintenance, waste management and disposal and all the other normal processes and activities necessary for running the scheme. 16. O&M - Clearance before Earthworks: during O&M (as during construction) there will be a need to obtain clearance from the appropriate authorities before any earthworks (for example, the extension of borrow pits for obtaining road surfacing materials) because of (i) land users, (ii) possible ecological issues, and (iii) the potential for unknown physical cultural heritage in some areas. 17. O&M - Labour-intensive Methods: the O&M contractor should be required to actively consider the local labour Situation before determining whether to use mechanised or labour-intensive methods. The project's intensified agriculture will increase labour demands for individual families. It would not be appropriate to draw labour away from the family farm for scheme O&M. However/ the population is large, the younger generation are landless, and everyone needs cash. One further factor to consider is that in the command area increased exposure of workers to soil and water creates specific occupational health risks - mainly schistosomiasis and helminth transmission. 18. O&M - Bridges: the contract should clarify who is responsible for all bridge structures, including project-constructed footbridges. F! '.'/for:!nentnl and Soci?1 [fr.-puct Asse:3sfl1e.f/t of al)out 20,000 ha BRk LI"'/If',",)/: SC/lenl0S at r<1egecli PaflV' (at SeJaiJa) RiIJ!) and Anger 0311i 1,;01" F5IA' Vo!. 2 AlJnexes Page 10-4 Ministry of Water and Energy 19. Legal Status: what will be the legal status of the O&M contractor with respect to liability, for example if water is not supplied, if a worker or member of the public has an accident, etc.? This should be clarified in the contract (and, of course, it will also affect the insurance required). 20. Monitoring: the O&M contractor is likely to be in the best position to elaborate and implement the necessary physical monitoring programmes: · Soil and water quality - essential for tracking parameters such as soil salinity (this would cover water quality (e.g. lake water, irrigation water, drainage water, return flows in rivers); groundwater depth and quality; and standard soil parameters with respect to secondary salinisation) . · Standard performance parameters - volumetric measurements in canals, pump running time, etc. · Climate (rainfall, temperature, humidity, sunshine, windspeeds, evaporation) and soil moisture - for providing scheduling advice to WUAs. 21. Additional Services: as an international commercial organisation, the O&M contractor is likely to be better resourced and qualified than many elements of the government agricultural extension system in the future command area. The scheme will require a very significant level of service provision if it is to develop as rapidly as planned (see Chapter 5 of the Main Report, specifically Section 504.10). The contract should clarify whether there will be any incentives for (or restrictions on) the supervision and O&M entity to provide services outside the contract, either as a contractor (fee for service), or as a private venture (entrepreneur). 22. Additional Tasks: MoWE may wish to add additional tasks to the contractor's duties (for example, acting as an institutional home for the recommended Wetland Restoration Project: see Annex 12.5). The contract should allow for such eventualities. Environmental and Social Impact Assessme'lt of aL'out 20.000 /lEi Imgatlon ana Driililage Schemes at Pump (al SOlal'a! RihiJ aud Anger Dam B~ - RIDP A',IIC-', S Ministry of Water and Energy 10.2 CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT The scheme's physical works are being designed by an engineering consultant (TAHAL - CECE), who is also preparing the tender documents. Construction will be carried out by a contractor selected by international competitive bidding (ICB) in accordance with the World Bank's rules for procurement of works. The Bank's Standard Bidding Documents for Works (SBD-W)18 have a specific format, agreed between many of the multilateral development banks and based on the well-known standard documents developed over the years by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC). In relation to environmental and social management, key pOints to note in the latest revisions of the SBD-Ware: · As usual, the General Conditions (GC) are overridden by the Particular Conditions (PC). The PC are prepared by the Employer (the project proponent, i.e. MoWR). The PC have two parts, Part A, Contract Data, and Part B, Specific Provisions. Part B is one location in the documents where they can be adapted to the special conditions of the project. · The General Conditions include a set of standard "social clauses" (Sub-Clauses 6.1 through 6.22). Specific minimum standards to implement the social clauses are to be detailed as part of the Specifications, with corresponding entries in the Bill of Quantities. · In the General Conditions, Sub-Clause 6.7, Health and Safety establishes significant new requirements in relation to HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention measures to be implemented by the contractor. The preparation of tender documents is a major task. Their adaptation to specific environmental and social circumstances is also a major task, requiring access to the full set of draft documents and close interaction with the project proponent (on pOints of principle) and with the contracts engineer and quantity surveyor in relation to specific wording and to inclusion of items in the Bill of Quantities. The following notes (Tablel0.2.10-1) cover key points that should be considered when developing the text and items for the Particular Conditions, Specifications (especially Works Requirements) and BoQ. Note 1: Reference should also be made to the ESMP in the Main Report, specifically the table "Summary of ESMP for RIDP: Construction Phase". This lists numerous specific measures to be undertaken by the Contractor, and which should, therefore, be described in the tender documents. Note 2: The ENIDP's Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) contains sample "environmental contract clauses" in its Annex C. These are generiC, and mostly not suitable for direct inclusion in the tender documents for the RIDP. 18 Available as a download from the World Bank website. The latest version of the "Standard Bidding Documents, Procurement of Works & User's Guide" is dated May 2006, revised March and April 2007. c'wllOomental anel Social Impact ASSOSSll,oll1 of a/)oul 20 000 ha irngiJtlOI! bnd Draillage Scliemes at Megec/J Pump (at Sera!!'i) RlhI) nml Ang,e, .. RIDP ESIA. Vol AnnExes " Page 10-6 Ministry of Water and Energy TablelO.2.10-1: Points Recommended for Inclusion in the Tender Documents for the RIDP Construction Contract* * These points should be developed into contractual language with appropriate linking Specifications and BoQ pay items. I Reference in Standard Comment Bidding Documents . Section IV. Biddin II Forms f-i!i!Lof Quantities -- Bill No.1: It is important that a number of the key environmental, social and health and safety General Items provisions in the contract are included as pay items in the BoQ. This provides a financial incentive for good contractor performance, and also a financial stick to promote compliance if performance is unsatisfactory. Spreading the cost of measures such as health and safety over all the other itemised works in the BoQ is not recommended. Section VI. Works Requirements Specifications -- Note: In addition to the requirements for Specifications noted below (and others as required by the SBD-W and in the ESMP), the Specifications should include: · Design of all structures on vertisols to resist heave (movement and cracking caused by shrinking and swelling of the soil). · Planting and plant care methods for erosion control and bank stabilisation, including the use of only approved seeds, seed mixtures and plant materials, and favouring the use of vetiver. · Avoiding all work in the main rivers during the upstream movement of migratory fish (onset of high flows, around June), and in all wetlands used by migratory birds, potentially for breeding (especially Shesher and Welela wetlands, dry season). · Use of blasting blankets. · Use of directional security lights at night to minimise scatter and night bird disorientation. Section VII. General Conditions (GCl 4. The Contractor 4.4 Although the Contractor is responsible under his contract for HSE and labour Subcontractors welfare, it is important to ensure that these provisions formally apply to all his subcontractors as well. This can be done through the Particular Conditions (PC). 4.8 Safety At (a) this Sub-Clause requires the Contractor to comply with all applicable safety Procedures regulations. This requirement is unlikely to result in the actual implementation of good practice on site, and must be strengthened. This could be done by (i) an amending clause in the PC, cross-referenced to a Specification (which is required in any case for the -.fQrresponding Social Clause, 62]~.__ ~~~__ ~ __~ ____-'-__~~. __.___. _ At (e) this Sub-Clause covers Temporary Works needed for the protection and use of the public and land users. This requirement should be strengthened to cover the specific issues of human and livestock access across the many new channels: the Contractor will need to provide temporary bridges until the permanent bridges are built, and the issue of damage to '----.__~ _____ e_S.hannel banks (sideslopes) by livestock l'Tlust be covered. -------- Environmental and SOCia! Impact Assessment of about 20.000 lJa !rngation all(1 Oraillagp Scllemes at Megeell Pump (al SeraIJa). RilJb anti Allger Dam - RIDP ESIA Vul. 2. Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 1() I Reference in i Standard Bidding Comment ! Documents 4.10 Site Data This Sub-Clause requires the Employer to make all relevant data available to the Contractor, "including environmental aspects". In view of the special sensitivities of the project site, it is strongly recommended that bidders should be provided with a good description of the environment in which they will be working. This is often done through a specialised chapter on environmental and social conditions in a volume entitled "Information for Bidders". The structure of the SBD-W does not allow for such a volume, so in this case it is r~coml"J'leJ:lcssrnen! of nhout 20,000 hE; B~ IUfyaltOf} /JiH Scn.. .' fncs al A1cs.rt:ch PUrI:jJ tat Serabar RitA) and A09L:! Di:u:1 F'('~ Page 12-14 Ministry of Water and Energy · Burnside and Tonkin & Taylor Int. 2009. Supplemental Work to Ministry of Water Resources ESIA for the Ribb Dam, Ethiopia - Final Report. Report for ENIDP, MoWR. · Eshete Dejen. 2010 (Sep.). Interim Report for Preparation of Detailed Implementation Manual for Environmental and Social Management Plan of Ribb River on Fish Resources and Collection of Baseline Data for Wolala and Shersher Wetlands. Report for ENIDP, MoWE. 1. Support for Kebele Fish Management Units Locally, pressure on the remaining fish stocks can be reduced and the resource conserved by changing fishing practices. Following the appointment and training of Woreda Fish Inspectors under the new Directive, these measures will include the establishment and training of Kebele Fish Management Units (with support from FAO), and subsequently the licensing and training of fishermen, establishment of bans on practices such as 100% netting of watercourses and use of small-mesh nets, and a closed period during spawning. The major fisheries activities should include: · Designation and monitoring of official landing sites, the principal ones being near the mouth of the Ribb River, subject to dry-season road access (to be constructed by the RIDP). Responsibility: Fogera and libo Kemkem WoARD I BoARD. · licensing of fishermen, including enforcement. Responsibility: Fogera and libo Kemkem WoARD I BoARD. · Closure of Ribb and tributary fisheries during migration. Responsibility: Fogera and libo Kemkem WoARD with fishers' cooperatives. · Regulation of net mesh size (gill nets). Responsibility: Fogera and libo Kemkem Woreda extension staff with fishers' cooperatives. · Education and enforcement of ban on use of poisons for fishing (e.g. extract from crushed seeds of 'birbira' (Milletia ferruginea). · Provision of credit for fishing gear, boats, cold stores etc. Responsibility: NGOs such as Fish for All, local credit organisations (banks?). The project could support these initiatives by providing training venues, support for workshops, materials, transport and integration with other project activities such as support for vulnerable groups and the recommended wetland restoration programme. 2. Applied Research on Endangered Fish little is known, scientifically, about the migratory, spawning and early growth stages and behaViour of both the migratory and river-resident Labeobarbs in the globally-unique Labeobarbus species flock of Lake Tana. Better information is vital for conservation of the species and management of the fishery. A serious programme of applied research is necessary. The project could support such management-related research as a biodiversity offset, for example by funding Bahir Dar univerSity graduate students' thesis research. 3. Enhance Channel Profiles for Fish The project will alter the natural profiles of all the main natural watercourses in the command area ("main natural drainage channels": MNDCs). These will be enlarged to a standard trapezoidal cross- section. After enlargement their new cross-sections will be maintained by the project's O&M contractor. Enlargement of the channel cross-sections and removal of vegetation is likely to reduce their value as fish habitat. However, alteration of channel profiles could enhance habitat for tilapia and catfish if the cross- sections include a shallow, submerged shelf. This concept requires investigation. If useful, further channel maintenance operations should be adjusted to create and maintain the fish-friendly cross- sections. 4. Support for Regional Hatchery and Associated Research Policy makers, fisheries scientists and managers are keen to see an expansion of aquaculture in the Lake Tana area. At present this is in its infancy. Successful aquaculture depends on a reliable supply of fish seed, which requires both a hatchery and skills in techniques appropriate to each species of fish. The principal needs are seen as being (I) a regional hatchery located near Bahir Dar and managed (for reasons of both sustainability and skills) by BFALRC; (Ii) research into the specific methods of obtaining fish seed from the various Labeobarbus species (this is not a problem for tilapia and catfish). Envi!Oflmental And Social Im/JAc! AssGSsment of a/)e'u! 2n. 000 ha /,-, Igatfon and Drainage Schenu?s at !v1eg()c h Purnp (al Rd",/J and Anger Darn - .RIOP ES/A. Vel 2. Alln",-s Ministry of Water and Energy PagE 12 The project could support these initiatives by, for example, contributing to the establishment costs of the hatchery and or the proposed Lake Tana Trust Fund. 5. Canal Aquaculture Trial A canal aquaculture trial has been proposed for the Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project (see the MPIDP ESIA report). If the trial is successful, the techniques pioneered there could be applied to the RIDP area. Alternatively, the trial could be carried out in the Ribb area, which is closer to Bahir Dar and the associated technical skills. 6. Fish Passage and Fish Entrainment Fish passage is a key issue affecting the long-term future of the migratory Labeobarbus speCies. It is essential that the success or otherwise of the fish pass at the diversion weir, and fish passage through other project structures (siphons, culverts, fords), is monitored closely. During project operation fish moving downstream are likely to become entrained in the main canal intake on the left bank of the Ribb River. The numbers and species of fish involved and the impacts of this process should be monitored. This requires a purpose-designed survey which would be ideal as a research topic for graduate students in fisheries, zoology or environmental science. The project should provide funds to support these monitoring / research activities. 7. Reservoir Fishery The new Ribb Reservoir will provide an opportunity for a reservoir fishery, if stocked and managed appropriately. This topic is explored in the supplementary ESIA for the Ribb Dam (Burnside and Tonkin & Taylor 2009), together with measures to maintain the genetic connectivity of the above and below dam Labeobarbus populations. The supplementary ESIA recommends (i) a trap and transfer scheme to move fish from below the dam to above it, and Oi) hatchery re-stocking using Labeobarbus from different sources on the Ribb system, plus monitoring, at a combined cost of USD 20,OOO/yr excluding monitoring. 12.4.3 Project Location and Timing 1. Support for Kebele Fish Management Units Timing: start in first year of Construction and continue through all years. Location: all project kebeles, commencing with those closest to the lake and to the mouth of the Ribb River, i.e. Tizamba Kebele in Ubo Kemkem Woreda and Nabega Giorghis in Fogera Woreda. 2. Applied Research on Endangered Fish Timing: first year of project operation, onwards. Location: Ribb River and main tributaries, major river-connected wetlands. 3. Enhance Channel Profiles for Fish Timing: trial in third year of project operation. Location: Ribb River and main tributaries. 4. Support for Regional Hatchery and Associated Research Timing: depends on progress with regional initiatives. Location: Bahir Dar. 5. Canal Aquaculture Trial Timing & Location: as indicated by trial at MPIDP. 6. Fish Entrainment Timing: first and / or second years of project operation. Location: intake of main canal on Ribb River. Emilolmwntal and Socia/Impact Assessment of aliou/ 20,000 ha BRts huyt1Uon D!dlnage Schetnes at tv1egecli Pump int - RIDP fS/A Vol? AnIlExo:; F?dJIJ Ang(;"! Dan,' Page 12-16 Ministry of Water and Energy 7. Reservoir Fishery Timing: start in second or third years of project operation. Location: Ribb Reservoir. 12.4.4 Indicative Budget Cost per Unit Item Unit Quantity Total Cost (USD) (USO) Support for Fisheries Lump sumfyr 3 50,000 150 I()OO_~_ Management ~ 25,000 125,000 ------~---.- --~ Applied Research on Lump sumfyr 5 15,000 75,000 Endangered Fish Channel Profile Enhancement Lump sum 1 10 10,000 Trial ~-- ~-~ ~---- r---~ - Support for Regional Lump sum 1 50,000 50,000 Hatche!y & Research .- Aguaculture Trial ~ Budgetted within MPIDP Fish Passage and Canal Lump sum!yr 5 6,000 30,000-1 Entrainment Studies i Reservoir Fishery Lump sum!yr 5 20,000 100000 24 ~~ I Total 540 1000 I 12.5 WETLAND RESTORATION PROJECT 12.5.1 Background As part of ENIDP, the GoE intends to implement an irrigation and drainage scheme in the Fogera floodplain on the east side of Lake Tana. The scheme - the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) - aims to convert existing smallholder subsistence agriculture into smallholder commercial agriculture. The area proposed for development is nearly flat, seasonally-flooded, crossed by rivers and streams and interspersed with permanent and seasonally flooded wetlands. These provide habitat for fish, birds and other Wildlife, including rare, endangered and migratory species. The best investigated and probably most important are two "ponds" called Shesher and Welela, on the western side of the command area in Fogera Woreda. These are an Important Bird Area (IBA) but at present have no legal protection. Despite providing seasonal habitat for significant percentages of the global population of endangered migratory birds, these ponds are under extreme pressure from local reSidents, especially for seasonal grazing and conversion to cropland. The project's feasibility level layout includes options that would accelerate the conversion of the fringes of the wetland areas, hastening their decline. Instead, the project should contribute towards restoration of the wetlands as an enhancement and biodiversity offset measure 25 · The regional government is showing interest in conserving the wetlands. With support from the project, this initiative could be expanded to create a win-win situation for the project, local residents, and wildlife 24 Cost sourced from supplementary ESIA for Ribb Dam (Burnside and Tonkin & Taylor 2009). 25 Biodiversity offset: definitions vary, but in general, the term "offset" is understood to refer to conservation activity that takes place outside the geographic boundaries of a development site in order to compensate for unavoidable harm, in addition to any mitigation or rehabilitation that may take place on that site (ten Kate et al. 2004). Eflvironmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 20~ 000 Iia lITIgation an:/ Dra/llage Schemes al Megech Pump (at SeraiJaj, RihlJ and Angel DAm RIDP ESIA' Vol 2, AnnexGs ~ BRts Ministry of Water and Energy Pa[1b 12-17 12.5.2 Scope of Work The objective of the pilot project is to sustainably restore the ecosystem and other services provided by the two wetlands known as Shesher and Welela immediately west of the command area and south of the Ribb River. Key background documents are: · The projects' Environmental and Social Management Framework (ERM 2007). · The RIDP Feasibility Study (Tahal-CECE, Aug. 2010). · The RIDP Detailed Design Report, when available. · The RIDP ESIA report (BRLi, Jan. 2011). · The supplemental ESIA on the Ribb Dam (Burnside and Tonkin & Taylor 2009). · Negash Atnafu (2010): Assessment of Ecological and Socio-economic Importance of Fogera Floodplains: the Case of Welala and Shesher Wetlands. MSc thesis, BDU. · EWNHS (2001): Ethiopia in Fishpool & Evans' Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands: priority areas for conservation. · Other bird references (see RIDP ESIA, Section 4.3.3). · The Detailed Implementation Manual for Environmental and Social Management of Ribb River Fish Resources (latest version; a draft interim report became available in Sep. 2010). · World Bank Operational Policy 4.04 Natural Habitats. The pilot project will involve: (i) Familiarisation with the literature and the environmental and social context, including consultation with (a) the regional BoEPLAU concerning their experience in wetland restoration near Bahir Dar, (b) the BoCTPD concerning their ongoing studies of the lakeshore zone around the whole of Lake Tana and their specific interest in having the wetlands declared as a formal Wildlife sanctuary by BoEPLAU, for subsequent management by BoCTPD, and (c) the Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society (EWNHS) for specific information on birds and bird counts. (ii) Discussion at Fogera Woreda and Kebele levels (primarily Nabega Giorghis) to initiate two- way communication. (iii) Clarification of the land certification status and other land use zonation issues and the exact land use boundaries in the area around the wetlands. (iv) Stakeholder analysis. (v) Participatory discussion with stakeholders to agree restoration approaches and techniques including (a) physical-biological (e.g. hydraulic connections, exclusion of grazing) and (b) socio-economic (e.g. co-management, incentives for youth / encroachers to become restorers / guardians, use of grasses, seasonal catfish fishery). (vi) Definition of monitoring indicators, (a) ecological (e.g. extent and condition of vegetation types, fish catches, presence / nesting of key birds) and (b) socio-economic (e.g. establishment of effective, gender sensitive co-management groups, number and type of encroachments, local residents' attitudes, economic returns from cut-and-carry fodder, etc.), followed by surveys to establish baseline conditions of these indicators. (vii) Implementation of the chosen approach, which is likely to involve information, education and awareness (IEC) campaigns, establishment of user groups, incentives and/or employment for local reSidents, demarcation, and physical restoration (replanting), protection (physical - by fencing - and/or social - by education and by local guards / stewards). (viii) Monitoring. (ix) Evaluation of progress and performance, and adaptation of the project to build on the best approaches and techniques. (x) Consideration of expansion of the project to other wetlands in the command area. (xi) Reporting, as a case study. E'i\'!IOPI1'E;nl,ii and SGCla i Impsrt Ass()ss!))(~l1t of ahaut 20,000 ha BR~ Dlel/7age Scilclnes at M(::1(cil FI/HIP (al Sulal),;), RI/)h and Angel Dam , RiDP Ceil, Vii! ;;' Al7!lfexe:: ' Page 12-18 Ministry of Water and Energy 12.5.3 Project Location and Duration The pilot project location is the four kebeles of Nabega Giorghis, Kidest Hana, Shana and Birkute (Shaga Mariam) in Fogera Woreda, South Gonder Zone, ANRS. The project should commence as soon as possible. Realistically, because the Woreda administration will have a heavy workload implementing the RIDP's resettlement action plan and organising land redistribution, it will probably be Project Year 2 before it will be possible to start the wetland restoration pilot project. However, this depends in part on the speed with which BoCTPD and BoEPLAU move to declare the areas a wildlife sanctuary - such a declaration might encourage further encroachment, because government would be perceived as "taking away a community resource". This possibility should be neutralised by early discussions on the potential for local economic benefits from better management of the two areas. The pilot project will need to continue for the full duration of the RIDP: a first year for planning, discussion and agreement with stakeholders, surveys, and initial physical activities; the second and third years for significant progress; and the remaining years for maintenance. 12.5.4 Implementation and Personnel The project will require significant inputs from a variety of technically competent facilitators. Lead skills will include ecology (specifically wetland vegetation restoration) and social science (specifically conflict resolution and the establishment of user groups for management and use of natural resources). Other important skills will include mapping, agriculture and economics. It is suggested that a 3-person team is established to operate at project level comprising an ecologist and male and female social scientists. As an ecosystem restoration project, it would be logical for the ecologist to act as team leader. The institutional home of the team could be either the RIDP Project Management Office or the Operation and Maintenance (PSP) Contractor. In either case the team should work very closely with concerned government offices and staff at all levels, right down to kebele Development Agents, and with local residents and their representatives. Ecologist (national): · Minimum Bachelor's degree in botany, environmental science or other directly relevant discipline. · Minimum 5 years professional work experience in wetland conservation issues in Ethiopian highlands, including practical aspects of habitat conservation and restoration. · Fluent Amharic and good English essential. Social scientists (1 male, 1 female, national): · Minimum Bachelor's degree in sociology, anthropology or other directly relevant discipline. · Minimum 5 years professional work experience in practical implementation of rural development at local level in Ethiopian highlands. · Demonstrated skills in design and implementation and facilitation of participatory processes, conflict resolution processes and multi-stakeholder planning processes. · Experience in establishment and support of natural resource user groups deSirable. · Fluent Amharic and fair English essential. Environmental and Socia/Impact Assessment of alJout 20.000 ha Imgal/on and Dramage Schemes at MegeciJ Pump fal Seraba) Ril>t) and Anger Dam - RIDP ESIA· Vol 2. AI7lJUxos - BRts Ministry of Water and Energy 12.5.5 Indicative Budget Item Unit Quantity Cost per Unit Total Cost (USO) (USO) Professional staff __________-r__.~M~0~n~t:~h ____ 4_--~7=2* 2000** ~.144,O~ __ On-site s_taff a!1d incentive~._ ;..:Mc::o:.:n;:.:th~ ___1-_-,9:...:6,-*_*._*_--+___---,5:::..0=-0=_ _.__ f----._1J3,OOO .___ Pickup {4WQL...________:-._ __Itel'l1 ___ f-- 1 27,400***~_t-_ 27400 O Ve_h_ic~__ _&M______ Month 96 250 24,000 E ui ment & materials ------f----- Lump sur!!__ 1--_2_______ 2,500 20,000 __ Surve~_ monitor!!:!.9..... Meetin co~ _________;-- LUfIl.l2.2um Year 8 S. --"l-_ _____£O~ ___ I---__ 20,QOjL___ .__500 ±_ 4,OOQ___ Miscellaneous operating costs & Lump sum 8 2,000 16,000 contingency (e.g. boat hire) Total i j _ _ _, i 303L40~ * 3 professionals, 3 months/year over 8 years ** includes per diem *** covers local staff at site, involvement of BoEPLAU / BoCTPD counterparts and BDU students ***** duty-free 12.6 FORESTRY AND FUELWOOD 12.6.1 Background As part of ENIDP, the GoE intends to implement an irrigation and drainage scheme in the Fogera floodplain on the east side of Lake Tana. The scheme - the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) - aims to convert existing smallholder subsistence agriculture into smallholder commercial agriculture. The area proposed for development is nearly flat, seasonally-flooded, crossed by rivers and streams and interspersed with permanent and seasonally flooded wetlands. The natural woody vegetation has been cleared both within the command area on the surrounding low hills, except for a few remnant trees and shrubs protected in church compounds. To provide fuelwood, charcoal and building poles local residents have planted eucalyptus, mainly in and around settlements. This is managed by coppicing. Despite the supply of eucalyptus, there is a serious shortage of fuel wood resulting in widespread use of dung (cattle droppings) for fuel, in the form of dried cakes. This has health impacts (indoor smoke), gender-related labour impacts (women are responsible for providing fuel for domestiC use), and soil fertility and nutrient management impacts (the manure burnt is not available for return to the SOil). Construction of the project is likely to result in the loss of 50,000 or more trees (details to be determined by the ongoing RAP study) of which the majority will be are eucalyptus, and the remainder indigenous and/or various types of fruit tree. Operation of the project will place increased demands on the soil due to crop intensification. The annual restoration of fertility by flood-borne silt will be stopped by improved flood control. There is no possibility of substituting alternative fuels for cooking or heating in the near or medium term (kerosene, gas, electricity). Consequently it is important to undertake forestry in order (i) to replace trees lost due to construction, (ii) to enhance the fuel wood supply, and (iii) to reduce the use of manure as fuel. Tree planting, care and use will also restore and enhance incomes (fuelwood, poles, fruit, honey, fodder) and provide improved habitat variety, which is important for birds which, in turn, are important for pest control. In environmental assessment terms, this is a mUlti-purpose mitigation measure. En:'I!(lI)/flnt8/ and Socfalll1!pact Assess!nont of alJollt 20J)C~) Ira B~ Sc/JenJes at AAegech eur:lp (fH SUrhhaJ. f?ii!J) Anger Dan? - F~/[)P ESIA Vc,' 2 AW;t'x(;:s Page 12-20 Ministry of Water and Energy 12.6.2 Scope of Measure The objective of the measure is to establish 200 ha of locally-managed tree plantations. Key background documents are: · The projects' Environmental and Social Management Framework (ERM 2007). · The RIDP Feasibility Study (Tahal-CECE, Aug. 2010). · The RIDP Detailed Design Report, when available (this will include engineering drawings of the proposed canals, drains channels and service roads). · The RIDP ESIA report (BRLi, Jan. 2011). · The RIDP Resettlement Action Plan (when available). The activities will involve: (i) Familiarisation with the literature and the environmental and social context, including consultation with the regional BoEPLAU and BoARD concerning their experience in local tree plantation establishment and management. (ii) Discussion at Woreda and Kebele level to agree on start-up locations. (iii) Identification of sources of planting stock. (iv) Participatory discussion with stakeholders (householders and IWUAs) to agree details of implementation and management, especially protection and use. (v) Planting, protection (especially against livestock). (vi) Monitoring (area of plantations, numbers and types of trees planted and successfully established, user perceptions of value of trees, use of dung as fuel). It is suggested that plantations could be (a) around homesteads, and (b) along linear features, specifically road embankments. Species to be used would depend on local preferences. Eucalyptus would remain the preferred fuelwood, but other species should be considered such as some of the Acacias and Grevillea robusta. Fruit trees would include preferred varieties of mango, guava, papaya etc., and mUlti-purpose trees would include Cordia africana, Acacia albida and Milletia ferruginea, amongst others. 12.6.3 Project Location and Duration The planting activities should take place in all Kebeles affected by the project, but primarily in Diba Sifatra, Abona Koket and Birkute (Shaga Mariam) in Fogera Woreda and Shina-Tsion, Bambiko and Genda-weha in Libo Kemkem Woreda. The project should commence as soon as possible. Realistically, because of the social disruption caused by land acquisition, land redistribution and construction, and the need for IWUA formation, it will probably be Project Year 3 or 4 (start of physical operation) before it will be possible to start planting. Planting should continue for at least four years, or until a self-sustaining programme is established. 12.6.4 Implementation and Personnel The planting project would be implemented by local residents and managed largely by the new IWUAs. Facilitation and support would be provided by the PSP contractor, in coordination with local Development Agents. 12.6.5 Indicative Budget Environmental and Social Imflact Assessment of aiJout 20,000 fia IrngatlOl! iilld Drainage Schemes al B~ Pump (at Seral)[i) Rihh and Ang0' Diilll - RIDP Vol 2 Annexes Ministry of Water and Energy 12.7 DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES 12.7.1 Background As part of ENIDP, the GoE intends to implement an irrigation and drainage scheme in the Fogera floodplain on the east side of Lake Tana. The scheme - the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) - aims to convert existing smallholder subsistence agriculture into smallholder commercial agriculture. The area proposed for development is nearly flat, seasonally-flooded, crossed by rivers and streams and interspersed with permanent and seasonally flooded wetlands. Some 11,500 households live within the command area 26 . Housing consists of single-family wood and mud-walled houses with earth floors and metal or thatch roofs, built within small plots of land generally in low-density settlements on slightly better drained sites. Domestic water is obtained from improved wells, some with hand-pumps, unimproved wells, watercourses and the lake. Livestock may be watered from the same sources. In general water quality is bacteriologically low, especially during the rainy season. Obtaining water is generally the responsibility of women and girls, and makes considerable demands on women's time. Uptake of the project's economic opportunities may be delayed if women are unable to contribute their time and effort to agricultural intensification due to continuing high domestic workloads. These workloads are caused, in part, by the need to obtain water for household needs, and by the need to provide health care to household members sickened by unsafe water. The project provides an opportunity to reduce demands on women's time caused by the search for water, and to improve health standards by improving the quality of domestic water supplies. In environmental assessment terms, this is a mitigation measure for the increased labour demands caused by agricultural intenSification, but with many other socio-economic benefits. 12.7.2 Objective and Scope of Measure The objective of the measure is to provide and maintain one safe water supply point for every 50 households in the command area (total 100, allowing for existing improved supplies). Typically each water supply point will be a shallow well fitted with a robust, locally-repairable hand pump. The wells will be lined by locally manufactured concrete rings. To ensure sustainability, the wells will be owned and maintained by a local user group to which benefiting households will pay a fee. Water quality will be assured by establishing a water quality testing programme and associated well disinfection service, hosted by the Fogera Woreda administration in Wereta (and Addis Zemen, subject to resourcing). This will involve upgrading an eXisting room to become a simple testing laboratory with appropriate analytical equipment and consumables, sampling bottles, and a motorcycle with rack or panniers for transport. Key background documents are: · The projects' Environmental and Social Management Framework (ERM 2007). · The RIDP Feasibility Study (Tahal-CECE, Aug. 2010). · The RIDP ESIA report (BRLi, Jan. 2011). · The RIDP Resettlement Action Plan (when available). 26 The exact number will be determined by the RAP study, now under implementation. BRL I:,'!~;at:or; EnvJlonmcntal and Social and Drarnage Scflemcs at Assessment of about 20.000 ha PU1flP (at SeraJ"~aJ .R!hl> and Aflg-er Darn . RIDP ESIA' \/0; ? Anpoes Page 12-22 Ministry of Water and Energy 12.7.3 Project Location and Duration The measure will be implemented within the project command area. Construction should be carried out over a two-year period at maximum, but only when the concerned households have agreed to the proposed ownership, maintenance and fee mechanism. Water quality testing and well disinfection should be carried out every year, continuously. 12.7.4 Implementation and Personnel The measure can be implemented by the Woredas subject to the provision of additional resources for staff, training and logistics (transport), or through the construction contractor, or though the PSP contractor, or by an NGO on contract (e.g. ORDA). Staff should include at least one female social scientist to ensure appropriate gender-sensitive interaction with reSidents and the establishment of appropriate gender-sensitive user groups. 12.7.5 Indicative Budget Item Unit Quantity Cost per Unit Total Cost (USD) (USD) Shallow well with hand pump Item 100 4,500 450,000 -~ - User group formation and support Item 100 500 50,000 . Water quality lab + motorcycle Item 1 13,000 13,000 Operation of lab and maintenance Lump 8 12 96,000 programme sum/yr Total 609,000 -----.-~- -----' ------_. 12.8 OUTLINE TOR TO FACILITATE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH PROGRAMME 12.8.1 Background As part of ENIDP, the GoE intends to implement two irrigation and drainage schemes in the floodplains around Lake Tana. Both schemes - the Megech Pump (Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project (MPIDP) and the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) aim to convert existing smallholder subSistence agriculture into smallholder commercial agriculture. The two project areas are similar and are affected by many health problems. These are outlined in a Rapid Health Appraisal report (Annex 7 of the two projects' respective ESIA reports), which also analyses the project's potential impacts. During construction, the projects will create a variety of health and safety hazards for both workers and local reSidents. During operation, the projects are likely to result in an extended malaria season, increased transmission of schistosomiasis, and various other hazards associated with irrigation development including accidents, the use of pesticides, water safety issues and risks of STD transmission at market centres. In addition, the ability of local residents to benefit from the project will probably be severely constrained unless their overall health status is improved. For the project's construction phase, many health and safety issues can be dealt with through the construction and supervision contracts. Nevertheless, some issues will require liaison with or the active intervention of the health authorities (for example, with respect to information, education and communication (lEC) campaigns for local residents concerning HIV/AIDS transmission). ElJvlrcl!lmentll/llnd Socia/Impact Assessment of a/)out 20. GGG /J;J Imgatlon and Olalnage Schemes at Megeell Pump (al Sera/),o Rill!; ancl Anger On!!1 - RIOP ESIA Vol ::' AnneXeS Ministry of Water and Energy PBflf 12-23 During project operation, health management will be, primarily, the responsibility of the local health authorities, specifically the ANRS Bureau of Health (BoH) and the respective Woreda Health Offices (WorHOs). The health mitigation measures and other health recommendations identified in the Rapid Health Appraisal require development into in-house programmes for implementation by the concerned health offices. The BoH is aware of the Rapid Health Appraisal and is also aware that many irrigation projects are planned for and under development around Lake Tana. Therefore a systemic response is required as well as project-specific actions. These TOR concern the conversion of the Rapid Health Appraisal's recommendations into practical measures for BoH and WorHO implementation as part of a regional response to the health impacts of large scale irrigation around Lake Tana. 12.8.2 Scope of Work The purpose of this assignment is to prepare a detailed schedule of implementable health management and monitoring measures (Health Action Plan) for both the Construction and Operation Phases of the Megech and Ribb irrigation and drainage projects. The objectives of the Plan will be to safeguard local residents from the two projects' direct and indirect health impacts, and to raise local residents' health status so they can benefit fully from project opportunities. Key background documents are: · The projects' Environmental and Social Management Framework (ERM 2007). · The Feasibility Studies of the two schemes (prepared by Tahal-CECE in 2010). · The ESIA reports for the two schemes (prepared by BRLi in 2010), specifically the Rapid Health Appraisal at Annex 7 in each report. The specialists will: (i) Familiarise themselves with the documentation. (Ii) Design a participatory process to develop a Health Action Plan (a specific operational plan) for the Megech and Ribb schemes, based on the findings and recommendations of the Rapid Health Appraisal carried out as part of the two projects' ESIA. (iii) Implement the process, with full ownership by the ANRS Bureau of Health in coordination with the project proponent (MoWE) and the concerned Woredas (Dembia, Fogera and Libo Kemkem). (iv) Document the process. (v) Document the Plan, which must be practical, implementable, costed, and agreed by stakeholders. In carrying out these tasks the specialists will bear in mind the World Bank's specific requirements concerning HIV/AIDs prevention and alleviation on Bank-funded projects and the GoE's policies on health, water and sanitation, and women. EJ7vj:vnmen!al anci Scr;iai Itnpact Assessrnenf of about 20000 !Ja B~ ,':u:]at l {)!: and Orollidge SclieniS's at fdef}cch PUlnp (at SefaIJa), Ri('.fy AnQe! 0:",,'11 . AIOr ESIA· Vol ? Am;cx(,s Page 12-24 Ministry of Water and Energy 12.8.3 Study Location and Duration It is anticipated that the assignment will take 1 month, entirely in Amhara National Regional State. 12.8.4 Personnel and Qualifications Two health specialists are required, one national, one international. International: · Minimum qualified physician with specialisations in public health and tropical medicine. · Minimum 10 years experience of public health and tropical medicine in tropics / sub-tropics. · Previous experience of managing health impacts of large irrigation projects essential. Previous experience of facilitating stakeholder discussions desirable. · Previous experience in Ethiopia or region desirable. · Fluent English essential, Amharic desirable. National: · Minimum qualified physician or Master's degree in public health, social science or other discipline closely related to health management. · Minimum 5 years professional work experience in public health in Ethiopian highlands. · Fluent Amharic and good English essential. 12.8.5 Indicative Budget Item Unit Quantitv Cost per Unit Total Cost (USO) (USO) International Public Month 1 20,000* 20,000 Health Specialist National Health Month 1 2,000* 2,000 Specialist International travel Flight 1 2,000 2,000 Local travel** 2WD/day 30 50 1,500 Meeting / process costs Lump sum 1 5,000 5,000 - Miscellaneous costs Lump sum 1 1,000 1,000 f-------------- Total 31,500 Notes: * includes per diem ** may include local flights Ellvironmental and SOCIal Assessment of abolll 20.000!w IlI/gatloJ) allel Draillage Schemes at Pump (al Seraha). RiN' and Anger Dam - RIDP ESIA Vol 2 AlJllexes Ministry of Water and Energy Page 12-25 12.9 OUTLINE TOR TO FACILITATE AGREEMENT ON SOCIAL INVESTMENT PROGRAMME 12.9.1 Background As part of ENIDP, the GoE intends to implement an irrigation and drainage schemes in the floodplains east of Lake Tana. The scheme - the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) - aims to convert existing smallholder subsistence agriculture into smallholder commercial agriculture. The population of the project area is poor and social indicators (health, education) are low. A large proportion of households is vulnerable due to poverty, lack of resources, ill-health, landlessness and social marginalisation. The project's Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) includes a number of social measures designed to alleviate project impacts and assist residents to take up the economic opportunities provided by the project, most importantly mass adult literacy and numeracy, support for women's groups and micro-enterprises, and domestic water supplies (see RIDP ESIA). Additional social investments will be necessary to ensure that project's benefits are fully realised, such as improvement of health care, improvement and expansion of the education system, and electrification. These TOR concern assisting the ANRS government to develop a targetted programme of social investments to maximise the developmental benefits of the project. 12.9.2 Scope of Work The purpose of this assignment is to prepare a practical schedule of implementable socially-related investments (Social Action Plan or Community Development Plan) for both the Construction and Operation Phases of the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project, in addition to the measures required to mitigate specific project impacts. The objective of the Plan will be to improve the social infrastructure and services available to project area residents so that they can maximise their benefits from the opportunities provided by construction and operation of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure. Key background documents are: · The projects' Environmental and Social Management Framework (ERM 2007). · The RIDP Feasibility Study (Tahal-CECE, Aug. 2010). · The RIDP ESIA report (BRLi, Jan. 2011). With specific reference to the Bank's Operational Policy OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, to relevant GoE social and development policies, and to the findings and recommendations of the ESIA, the specialist will: (i) Familiarise him/herself with the documentation. (ii) Meet with the project proponent (MoWE) and financial sponsor (World Bank) to determine which SOCially-related measures in the ESMP have actually been funded. (iii) Design a participatory process to develop a Social Action Plan or Community Development Plan (a specific operational plan) for the Ribb Irrigation and Development Project command area to include those measures not funded to date. (iv) Implement the process with the full involvement of and ownership by stakeholders, principally the line agencies of the ANRS government in Bahir Dar (Education, Health, Women, Children and Youth Affairs, etc.) and their counterparts at woreda level in Wereta and Addis Zemen. (v) Document the process. cliVJionrncnfei clnd Sociallinpact Assessrnent of ahcl:t 20"000 In,'9c;tlurJ aoCl Dralnaqe SC/l(;rpcS At Pump (at Serd/)Ai f-.:::blJ and Aligti! Daft! RIOP ;; Annexes Page 12-26 Ministry of Water and Energy (vi) Document the Plan, which must be practical, implementable, costed, and agreed by the stakeholders. 12.9.3 Study Location and Duration It is anticipated that the assignment will take 1 month, mostly in Amhara National Regional State. 12.9.4 Personnel and Qualifications Two planning or development specialists are required., one national, one international. International: · Minimum Master's degree in development studies, regional planning or other directly relevant discipline. · Minimum 10 years experience of rural development in developing countries. · Previous experience of social management of large scale irrigation projects desirable. · Previous experience in Ethiopia or region desirable. · Fluent English essential, Amharic desirable. National: · Minimum Bachelor's degree in geography, social science, planning or other directly relevant discipline. · Minimum 5 years professional work experience in rural development, agriculture or social science in Ethiopian highlands. · Training and / or experience in rural development essential. · Fluent Amharic and good English essential. 12.9.5 Indicative Budget Item Unit Quantity Cost per Unit Total Cost (USO) (USO) International Planning / Month 1 20,000* 20,000 Development Specialist National Planning / Month 1 2,000* 2,000 Development Specialist c------- International travel Flight 1 2,000 2,000 Local travel** 2WD/day 30 50 1,500 Meeting costs Lump sum 1 5,000 5,000 Miscellaneous costs Lump sum 1 1,000 1,000 Total 31,500 Notes: * includes per diem ** may include local flights Environmenta! and Socia/Impact Asscsst7JOIlt of alJout 20. 000 ha /ingallon allel Drainage Scilemes at Megee/) Pump (at SeralJal. Rillb and Anger Dam . F?/OP ESIA Vol 2 Anllf:Xcs Ministry of Water and Energy Page 12-27 12.10 OUTLINE TOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BEEKEEPING PROGRAMME 12.10.1 Background As part of ENIDP, the GoE intends to implement an irrigation and drainage scheme in the floodplain east of Lake Tana. The scheme - the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) - aims to convert existing smallholder subsistence agriculture into smallholder commercial agriculture. Beekeeping is a major subsistence activity in the area. Around 22,000 hives are reported from Fogera Woreda and over 10,000 in Ubo Kemkem Woreda (Akalu Teshome et al. 2009). The vast majority of hives are traditional, each producing 4 - 10 kg of honey. Wax is not harvested, and the honey is not processed. Honey is sold locally, with prices ranging from ETB 20 - 35/kg, depending on quality. The main use of honey is for tel, the traditional fermented honey-based drink. There is considerable potential for enhancing economic returns from the sector by better equipment, methods, processing and marketing. Honeybees provide important pollination services for local crops such as noug (Niger seed) (Kerealem Ejigu et al. 2009). Recently beekeeping is reported to have been affected by reductions in bee forage (due to deforestation and overgrazing), floods, ants, birds, wax moth and - very importantly - non- selective pesticides (Akalu Teshome et al. 2009). The project area's crops are affected by many pests and diseases. At present use of pesticides is limited, but pest and disease problems are expected to increase with agricultural intensification. There is a major risk of further increases in pesticide hazard to bees and consequent loss of their pollination services and direct economic potentials. In accordance with its Operational Policy 4.09 Pest Management, the project's financial sponsor, the World Bank, will inSist that the project implements a Pest Management Plan that focuses on Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Potential hazards to bees and beekeeping will be a significant element in approach to development of the plan. These TOR concern development of a programme for the protection of bees and development of beekeeping. 12.10.2 Scope of Work The purpose of this assignment is to prepare a project sub-component (Bee Programme) to prevent further harm to bees from crop protection activities associated with the project and to maximise economic returns from the sector. The objectives of the Programme will be to protect bees by building "bee-safety" into all project activities, especially crop protection recommendations, and to increase economic returns from the sector. Key background documents are: · The projects' Environmental and Social Management Framework (ERM 2007). · The RIDP ESIA (BRLi, Jan. 2011), especially the Phase 1 Pest Management Plan at Annex 8. · Akalu Teshome, Melaku Wale, Fentahun Mengistu & Birru Yitaferu (eds). 2009. Agricultural potentials, constraints and opportunities in the Megech and Ribb rivers irrigation project areas in the Lake Tana Basin of Ethiopia. ARARI, Bahir Dar. 140p · Kerealem Ejigu, Tilahun Gebey & T.R. Preston. 2009. Constraints and prospects for apiculture research and development in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, Vol 21, Article 172. Retrieved May 2,2010, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/10/ejig21172.htm With specific reference to the Bank's Operational Policy OP 4.09 and supporting materials and guidance on IPM on the Bank's website, the speCialist will: (i) Familiarise him/herself with the documentation. EnVJfOnrnental and Social InJpac! As.sessnu:n! of a/)out 20.000 ha B~ /tugaiion O!ainago Srhenles at PUP!{; (at SeJaba), R:bl) an;:) Anger Di-itri - FiiDP \1" 2 Annex!'s Page 12-28 Ministry of Water and Energy (ii) Visit the project area to become fully familiar with conditions for beekeeping and beekeeping practices in the command area kebeles. (iii) Gather information on hazards to beekeeping and on market potentials, specific to bee produce from the command area. (iv) Meet with producers' cooperatives, BoARD, ARARI and the Plant Health Clinic to confirm pesticide recommendations and use in relation to hazards to bees. (v) With producers, the Ethiopian Beekeepers' Association (EBA), and Holetta Bee re3search Centre DeSign, design a practical bee protection and support programme that will (a) directly inform the Phase 2 PMP to be carried out in the Construction Phase (see Annex 12.3), and (b) provide practical support to the sector during project operation (training and extension, credit, equipment, organisation, marketing, etc.). (vi) Document the Programme, which must be practical, implementable, costed, and agreed by stakeholders. 12.10.3 Study Location and Duration It is anticipated that the assignment will take 1 month, mostly in Amhara National Regional State. 12.10.4 Personnel and Qualifications One national bee specialist is required. · Minimum Bachelor's degree in zoology, entomology or other directly relevant discipline. · Minimum 10 years professional work experience in apiculture in Ethiopian highlands. · Training and / or experience in programme planning and project preparation essential. · Fluent Amharic and good English essential. 12.10.5 Indicative Budget Item Unit Quantity Cost per Unit Total Cost (USD) (USD) National Bee Specialist Month 1 2,000* 2,000 Local travel** 4WD/day 15 100 1,500 ~- 2WD/day 10 50 500 Meeting costs Lump sum 1 5,000 5,000 -. Miscellaneous costs Lump sum 1 1,000 1,000 Total 10,000 -- Notes: * includes per diem ** may include local flights Envir()nmental and Social Impact Assessme!1l of about 20.000 lJa !11I9aII0l' and Orainage Sciwmes Pump (at Seraba). RiN) and AnQel Own B~ - R!DP 2. Annexes· Ministry of Water and Energy Page 12-2Y 12.11 OUTLINE TOR FOR DETERMINATION AND AGREEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS 12.11.1 Background As part of ENIDP, the GoE intends to implement an irrigation and drainage project in the floodplain east of lake Tana. The scheme - the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) - aims to convert existing smallholder subsistence agriculture into smallholder commercial agriculture. Water for dry season irrigation will be delivered to the command area from a storage dam on the Ribb River. The main elements of the water delivery infrastructure are a new gravity dam, the Ribb Dam, the associated Ribb Reservoir, a diversion weir and intake on the Ribb River 28 km below the dam, and various canals. In the dry season, water will be released from the reservoir at the dam, will travel down the river, and will be diverted into the canal intake. In the wet season the reservoir will be refilled. lake Tana hosts a globally unique assemblage of fish. These are important both scientifically and economically. Interest centres on the Labeobarbus species flock, a group of fishes that has speciated within the lake and now fill a variety of ecological niches, separated by behaviour, habitat and diet. Some of these fish are lake resident, some are migratory, swimming up the rivers that flow into the lake during the rainy season to spawn in the headwaters, and some are river-resident. The Ribb River is one of the largest rivers to flow into the lake and is important for these fish. The dam will form a permanent barrier to some spawning grounds. Other project infrastructure, in particular the diversion weir and associated service road crossing, may hinder or block fish movement upstream. Similar effects may occur on the tributaries, which are also used for spawning. Some fish moving downstream are likely to be entrained in the canal intake. These processes, when combined with high, uncontrolled fishing pressure, are highly likely to cause significant damage to the Ribb River fish stocks. One important mitigation measure will be the release of environmental flows to maintain hydraulic conditions favourable to fish. These TOR concern the process required to determine, agree and operationalise environmental flows in the Ribb River. 12.11.2 Scope of Work The purpose of this assignment is to complete an environmental flow determination and agreement process for the Ribb River. The objectives of the process are to: (i) determine appropriate flows at different seasons for different fish (migratory and river- resident), o in the light of observed flows and statistical analysis of data series (including drought years or sequences of drought years); o in the light of existing and planned water regulation infrastructure in the Ribb River basin; and o with full participation by all fisheries and other water user stakeholders in the Ribb River basin; (ii) include the resulting flows ("enVironmental flows") as a mandatory, enforceable requirement in the Reservoir Management Plan; (iii) develop and agree on exact monitoring mechanisms and measures; and (iv) plan for practical operator training. E!IViron:n6ntal <1nCl {rnpacl ,tJ,ssessrnnt uf a/Jour 20,000 ha /If:oatfe!1 ano Olai1iage SCf!10IT;eS at ~I,j{ Pur-np (at SCfaJJa). Ribb and Anger Darn . RIDP Page 12-30 Ministry of Water and Energy Key background documents are: · The Ribb Dam Feasibility Study (Tahal Group, 2007). · The RIDP's Environmental and Social Management Framework (ERM 2007). · Abebe Getahun et a!. 2008. Fishery Studies of Ribb River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia: Final Report. Report for ENIDP, MoWR. · Burnside and Tonkin & Taylor Int. 2009. Supplemental Work to Ministry of Water Resources ESIA for the Ribb Dam, Ethiopia - Final Report. Report for ENIDP, MoWR. · The RIDP's Feasibility Study (Tahal-CECE, Aug. 2010). · Eshete Dejen. 2010 (Sep.). Interim Report for Preparation of Detailed Implementation Manual for Environmental and Social Management Plan of Ribb River on Fish Resources and Collection of Baseline Data for Wolala and Shersher Wetlands. Report for ENIDP, MoWE. · The RIDP's ESIA (BRU, Jan. 2011). With specific reference to the Bank's Operational Policy 4.04 Natural Habitats and supporting materials and guidance on the Bank's website, the specialists will: (i) Familiarise themselves with the documentation, the designs of key infrastructure, and the proposed reservoir operating regime. (ii) Meet with fisheries specialists in-country with the best available knowledge of Labeobarbus behaviour and requirements (AAU, BDU, BFALRC). (iii) Visit the Ribb River reach downstream of the dam, and specifically the diversion site for irrigation. (iv) Using professional judgement, select an appropriate methodology to determine the environmental flows. Habitat modelling methods will be examined (see various methods in Dyson, M., Bergkamp, G. and Scanlon, J., (eds). Flow - The essentials of environmental flows, 2nd Edition. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Reprint, Gland, Switzerland: WCN, 200B.). (v) Apply the selected methodology: (a) for critical points on the Ribb River; (b) for both the wet and.dry seasons (monthly or decadal (10 day) values, or specific dry/wet year values, if appropriate); (c) for the requirements of migratory Labeobarbus but not omitting consideration of river- resident fish; (d) for the various environmental requirements of the Ribb floodplain downstream. (vi) Compare the deduced theoretical ideal environmental flows to various statistical Ribb flows and balance these flows with other water uses, together with the Ribb River stakeholders. (vii) Develop, through a participatory process, a final set of environmental flows for critical points of the Ribb River. (i) Design a process to incorporate these flows into the Reservoir Management Plan (to be developed by others for MoWE), including the associated legal requirements, enforceability and enforcement mechanisms, and monitoring procedures. (ii) Implement the process with the full involvement of stakeholders. (iii) Develop a costed programme of operator training to ensure that the dam operator's staff have the skills required to implement the flow plan. (iv) Outline a programme for updating and revising the flows in the light of new knowledge and improvements in methodologies, as they become available. (v) Review the physical infrastructure designs to ensure that these have the capability of accurately releasing the agreed flows (focusing on the diversion weir and fish pass). (vi) Document the environmental flows, the consultative process, and all related procedures and agreements, together with any design changes, costs and other recommendations emerging from the process. Env/lonmental and Social Impact Assessment of about 2U OGO ha IITlQi3i1011 aile! OrallJage SC/femes at Megee!1 Pump (at Serallal, RI/J/l and Angc, Oalll - RfDP ESIA' Vol. 2 Annexa" Ministry of Water and Energy Paqe 12-31 12.11.3 Study Location and Duration It is anticipated that the assignment will take several months due to seasonality and the requirements of stakeholder processes, and will be undertaken mostly in Amhara National Regional State. 12.11 A Personnel and Qualifications Personnel and qualifications should be adapted to the chosen methodology. As a first estimation, it could be anticipated that four environmental flow determination specialists are required, two national, two international. International Water Resources Specialist: · Minimum Master's degree in hydrology, modelling or water management. · Minimum 10 years experience in hydrology, including 5 years experience in environmental flow determination. · Previous experience of facilitating multi-stakeholder processes essential. · Previous experience of World Bank water infrastructure projects desirable. · Previous experience in Ethiopia or region desirable. · Fluent English essential, Amharic desirable. International Environmentalist: · Minimum Master's degree in fisheries science, environmental science or other directly relevant discipline. · Minimum 5 years experience in environmental flow determination. · Previous experience of facilitating multi-stakeholder processes essential. · Previous experience of World Bank water infrastructure projects desirable. · Previous experience in Ethiopia or region desirable. · Fluent English essential, Amharic desirable. National Environmental Flow Specialist: · Minimum Bachelor's degree in hydrology, environmental science, geography or other directly relevant discipline. · Minimum 5 years professional work experience in river hydrology in Ethiopia. · Training and / or experience in multi-stakeholder processes desirable. · Fluent Amharic and good English essential. National Fisheries Scientist · Minimum Bachelor's degree in fisheries science, zoology, biology or other directly relevant discipline. · Minimum 5 years professional work experience in river fisheries in Ethiopia. · Training or experience in multi-stakeholder processes desirable. · Fluent Amharic and good English essential. En'v"irGtHl1cf;ta/2nd Socia! !:iipacl Assessrnenl of B!)Oiil 2nOOa ha il! 198t<-,[; D'KJ0: a/I~Flp::" at A1c:gecli PUlnp (at Serabc:d R:fJl) 8nCl AUfJ()! Darn RiOF ES.'A· Vol Annexes Page 12-32 Ministry of Water and Energy 12.11.5 Indicative Budget Cost per Unit Item Unit Quantitv Total Cost (USD) (USD) i International Water Month 1.5 20,000* 30,000 I Management Specialist I i International Month 1 20,000* 20,000 ! I Environmentalist National Environmental Month 3 2,000* 6,000 Flow SpeCialist National Fisheries Scientist Month 2 2,000* 6,000 International travel Flight 4 2,000 8,000 Local travel** 4WD/day 10 100 1,000 t----- I 2WD 30 50 1,500 Meeting costs Lump sum 1 6,000 6,000 Miscellaneous costs Lump sum 1 1,000 1,000 Total 79,500 * includes per diem ** may include local flights Notes: These costs assume that data on flows will be available from other sources, free of charge. The costs do not include rent or purchase of flow measurement equipment that might be necessary according to the selected methodology for environmental flow determination. The costs cover the process of determining and agreeing environmental flows, their monitoring methods, and planning for staff training. They do not cover establishment of the monitoring mechanisms (gauges, recording systems, staff, etc.), or any required adjustment to physical infrastructure to actually release the flows, accurately, or staff training. These costs will be detailed by the process. These proposed ToRs could be linked to ToRs for the larger-scale elaboration of a Ribb River Water Resources Management Plan. Environmental and Socia/Impact Assessment of aboul 20 000 fla /!rlgatloll and Drainage SclJemes a/ Megeeh Pump (at Selaha'_ RliJI' and An901 RlOP ESIA Vol. 2_ AnlJ(:xes Dan' BRLs