From World Development Indicators 54163 The Little Green Data Book Agriculture Forests and biodiversity Energy Emissions and pollution Water and sanitation Environment and health National accounting aggregates THE LITTLE GREEN 2008 DATA BOOK Copyright ©2008 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 2008 ISBN: 978-0-8213-7399-6 E-ISBN: 978-0-8213-7427-6 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7399-6 The Little Green Data Book 2008 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment Department of the World Bank. Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, DC. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Focus: climate change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Regional tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 The Little Green Data Book 2008 iii Acknowledgments The Little Green Data Book 2008 is based on World Development Indicators 2008 and its accompanying CD-ROM. Defining, gathering, and disseminating international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations. The indicators presented in World Development Indicators are the fruit of decades of work at many levels, from the field workers who administer censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties of the national and international statistical agencies that develop the nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the international statistical system. Nongovernmental organizations have also made important contributions. We are indebted to the World Development Indicators partners, as detailed in World Development Indicators 2008. The financial assistance of the Government of Sweden is also gratefully acknowledged. The Little Green Data Book 2008 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment Department. Mehdi Akhlaghi, Richard Fix, Kirk Hamilton, Saeed Ordoubadi, Beatriz Prieto-Oramas, Giovanni Ruta, Alexandra Sears, and Jana Stoever contributed to its preparation. Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communications Development provided design, editing, and layout. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and distribution of the book. iv 2008 The Little Green Data Book Foreword Welcome to The Little Green Data Book 2008. As in the 2007 edition, this year's edition includes a Focus section, four introductory pages that focus on a specific issue related to development and the environment. This year the focus is on the damage from climate change and carbon dioxide emissions. Climate change continues to dominate public discourse about the environment. Following on the strong interest stirred by the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change in 2006, the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter- Governmental Panel on Climate Change has codified the firm scientific consensus on the extent of human-induced climate change. Another important milestone was the December 2007 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Bali, which culminated in the adoption of the Bali Roadmap, establishing four pillars--mitigation, adaptation, technology, and finance--for negotiating a post-2012 climate pact. As this Focus shows, global warming can have negative effects on agriculture, health, infrastructure, and other economic activities --effects that are likely to hit developing countries the hardest. While high-income countries emit more carbon dioxide than developing countries, emissions from developing countries are growing at a faster pace. And emissions per capita in high- income countries are still five times higher than in developing countries. The Little Green Data Book 2008 is a collaboration between the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Environment Department of the World Bank. We welcome your suggestions for how to improve future editions and make them more useful. Shaida Badiee James Warren Evans Director Director Development Data Group Environment Department The Little Green Data Book 2008 v Focus: climate change Climate change effects on agricultural productivity Global warming is predicted to reduce worldwide agricultural productivity more than 15 percent by the 2080s. The effect will be more severe for developing countries than for developed countries, partly for geographic reasons. The predicted effect becomes positive for developed countries when carbon fertilization effects are taken into account. Change in agricultural productivity (%) Without carbon fertilization With carbon fertilization 10 0 ­10 ­20 World Developing countries Developed countries Source: Cline 2007. Climate change effects on health The largest health impacts of climate change are on malnutrition and are linked to declining agricultural yields. While the effects are felt in South East Asia through malnutrition and diarrhea, the impact on Africa is expected to be dominated by increased incidence of malaria. Estimated disability-adjusted life years attributable to climate change, 2000 (millions) 3 Other Western Pacific, low child, low adult mortality Africa, high child, high adult mortality Eastern Mediterranean, high child, high adult mortality Africa, high child, very high adult mortality Southeast Asia, high child, high adult mortality 2 1 0 Malnutrition Diarrhea Malaria Floods Note: Regions are World Health Organization Regions. Climate change for 2000 is estimated by interpolating between baseline (1961­90) climate variables and projected climate variables, assuming climate stabilization at 750 parts per million of carbon dioxide in 2000. Source: McMichael and others 2004. vi 2008 The Little Green Data Book Climate change effects due to rise in sea level The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts a 1 meter rise in sea level over the next hundred years linked to climate change (barring catastrophic events, such as the melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet). The effects are most severe in the Middle East and North Africa and East Asia and Pacific for virtually all dimensions measured. Losses due to 1 meter rise in sea level, by category (%) 4 3 Wetlands Population 2 Urban extent Agricultural extent GDP 1 Area 0 World East Asia & Latin Middle East South Sub-Saharan Pacific America & & North Asia Africa Caribbean Africa Note: The figure assumes no adaptation. Source: Dasgupta and others 2007. Climate change effects due to extreme weather events Weather variability is likely to increase. The five countries most vulnerable to extreme weather events in each region are shown. Ethiopia and Bangladesh stand out as the countries most vulnerable to extreme weather events. Weather damage index East Asia Latin America Middle East & South Sub-Saharan & Pacific & Caribbean North Africa Asia Africa 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 lom L am a on ao P oa Ph Isla DR pin s es rb s Be da Ni H ze ra ti a Jo Iran m un n , R ia Sy p. ria Sr Ind h i L ia M kistaa ald n s biq ia Su ue Bo jibo n wa i na ts ut ilip nd Ba ra ive S ng gu Ye T rda es Pa ank D da ca ai en is am op e li u d du To lad oz hi an on M Et ng ua H Ba So tig An Note: The index takes into account droughts, heat waves, floods, wildfires, and wind storms between 1960 and 2002. People killed are given a weight of 1,000, people rendered homeless a weight of 10, and people affected a weight of 1. The sum is divided by population in 1980 (the midpoint of the period). Source: Buys and others 2007. The Little Green Data Book 2008 vii Focus: climate change Projected trends in energy emissions While high-income economies today produce nearly half of world carbon dioxide emissions from energy, developing economies are projected to increase their share at a faster rate. Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, by income group (billions of tons) 30 Developing economies 20 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development economies 10 Transition economies 0 2005 2015 2030 Source: IEA 2007. World distribution of per capita emissions Per capita emissions of greenhouse gases (including land use change) differ widely across countries and regions. High-income economies have the highest levels of emissions, but when land use change is taken into account Indonesia, the Russian Federation, and Brazil also have significant emissions per capita. Per capita emissions, by country and region, 2000 (tons) 30 20 Other Latin America Russian Federation Other high-income 10 & Central Asia & North Africa Asia & Pacific United States Sub-Saharan Other Europe & Caribbean Middle East South Asia Other East Indonesia China Africa Brazil Other India 0 2 billion 4 billion 6 billion Population Source: WRI 2008. viii 2008 The Little Green Data Book Emissions by source, high-income and transition economies Nearly all greenhouse gas emissions from high-income and transition economies (those listed in Annex I of the Kyoto Protocol) are linked to energy use (86.6 percent), including power generation, transport, and building heating and cooling. Share of emissions, 2000 (Annex I) Land use change and forestry ­1.6% Waste 2.8% Agriculture 8.7% Industrial processes 3.7% Energy 86.6% Source: WRI 2008. Emissions by source, low-income economies In developing economies greenhouse gas emissions stem mostly from land use change, forestry, and agriculture (51.2 percent). Energy-related emissions come next (42.5 percent). Better management of land and forests in developing economies can offer both mitigation and development benefits. Share of emissions, 2000 (non­Annex I) Waste 3.1% Land use change and Energy forestry 42.5% 35.5% Agriculture 15.7% Industrial processes 3.2% Source: WRI 2008. Note: Annex I countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol are committed to binding emissions targets to reduce greenhouse gases. Non­Annex I countries are developing countries, which have no specific greenhouse gas emissions obligations. The Little Green Data Book 2008 ix Data notes The data in this book are for the most recent year available; for details, see the Glossary. Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. Aggregates for regions and income groups are shown only if data are available for 66 percent of the economies in that group. Symbols used: 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number rounds to zero at the displayed number of decimal places .. indicates that data are not available $ indicates current U.S. dollars Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The word country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. The selection of indicators in these pages includes some that are being used to monitor progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. For more information about the eight goals--halving poverty and increasing well-being by 2015--please visit our Web site www.developmentgoals.org or see the other books in the World Development Indicators 2008 series. x 2008 The Little Green Data Book Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank's analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam. Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen. South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. The Little Green Data Book 2008 1 World Population (millions) 6,538 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 129,645 GDP ($ billions) 48,461.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,448 Urban population (% of total) 49.1 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 38 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 18.1 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,166 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 498 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 30.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.6 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,796 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,678 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.0 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.51 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.31 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 27.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 53 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 118 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,778 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 9.1 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 70 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 Rural (% of rural population) 72 Urban (% of urban population) 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 Rural (% of rural population) 38 Urban (% of urban population) 79 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 73 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 8.3 2 2008 The Little Green Data Book East Asia & Pacific Population (millions) 1,899 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15,871 GDP ($ billions) 3,616.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,856 Urban population (% of total) 42.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.5 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 51 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 547 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.4 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 12.1 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.3 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,182 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,492 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.6 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.90 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.27 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 97.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 73 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 14 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,022 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 11.1 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 Rural (% of rural population) 70 Urban (% of urban population) 92 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 51 Rural (% of rural population) 36 Urban (% of urban population) 72 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 47.2 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 28.5 The Little Green Data Book 2008 3 Europe & Central Asia Population (millions) 461 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23,248 GDP ($ billions) 2,499.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,815 Urban population (% of total) 63.8 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.2 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 28 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 10.9 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 400 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 129 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 38.3 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.0 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 7.0 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.3 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,826 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,633 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 17.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.81 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.06 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­30.2 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 29 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 152 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,473 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 7.5 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 Rural (% of rural population) 80 Urban (% of urban population) 99 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 Rural (% of rural population) 70 Urban (% of urban population) 93 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.6 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 18.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.5 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­4.9 4 2008 The Little Green Data Book Latin America & Caribbean Population (millions) 556 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 20,156 GDP ($ billions) 2,964.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,785 Urban population (% of total) 77.7 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 12.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,003 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 241 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 45.4 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.5 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 19.7 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,198 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,715 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 37.0 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 57.6 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.31 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.55 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 29.6 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 37 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 115 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 24,471 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 2.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 Rural (% of rural population) 73 Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 Rural (% of rural population) 49 Urban (% of urban population) 86 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.8 The Little Green Data Book 2008 5 Middle East & North Africa Population (millions) 311 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8,953 GDP ($ billions) 734.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,507 Urban population (% of total) 57.5 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 22 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 33.8 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,050 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 672 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 2.4 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.4 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.7 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,270 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.1 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,358 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.4 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.67 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.86 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 101.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 77 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 34 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 757 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 105.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 89 Rural (% of rural population) 81 Urban (% of urban population) 96 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 76 Rural (% of rural population) 58 Urban (% of urban population) 92 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 42 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 40.0 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.6 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 6 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1,499 Land area (1,000 sq. km) South Asia 4,781 GDP ($ billions) 1,146.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 768 Urban population (% of total) 28.8 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 55 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 39.2 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,391 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 619 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 16.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.0 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 453 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 31.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 432 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.7 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.54 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.05 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 97.0 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 81 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,230 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 51.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 Rural (% of rural population) 81 Urban (% of urban population) 94 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 Rural (% of rural population) 27 Urban (% of urban population) 63 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 83 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.1 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.8 The Little Green Data Book 2008 7 Sub-Saharan Africa Population (millions) 782 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23,606 GDP ($ billions) 712.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 829 Urban population (% of total) 35.8 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 44 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3.5 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 351 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.7 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.3 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.7 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 681 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 56.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 542 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 76.1 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 20.1 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.57 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.92 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 46.3 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 60 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,093 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 3.1 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 56 Rural (% of rural population) 42 Urban (% of urban population) 80 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 Rural (% of rural population) 28 Urban (% of urban population) 53 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 157 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 18.7 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­10.0 8 2008 The Little Green Data Book Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank's main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Green Data Book is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $905 or less in 2006. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $905 but less than $11,116. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,595. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $11,116 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Green Data Book 2008 9 Low income Population (millions) 2,420 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28,147 GDP ($ billions) 1,618.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 649 Urban population (% of total) 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 9.9 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 Rural (% of rural population) 69 Urban (% of urban population) 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 38 Rural (% of rural population) 28 Urban (% of urban population) 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.9 10 2008 The Little Green Data Book Middle income Population (millions) 3,088 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 68,468 GDP ($ billions) 10,059.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,053 Urban population (% of total) 54.5 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 35 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 18.2 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,331 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 471 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 33.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.7 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,928 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.70 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.95 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 29.9 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 56 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 50 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,754 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 Rural (% of rural population) 72 Urban (% of urban population) 95 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 62 Rural (% of rural population) 41 Urban (% of urban population) 81 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.8 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.0 The Little Green Data Book 2008 11 Lower middle income Population (millions) 2,276 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 27,977 GDP ($ billions) 4,735.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 12.8 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.82 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.37 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 Rural (% of rural population) 71 Urban (% of urban population) 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 55 Rural (% of rural population) 39 Urban (% of urban population) 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.9 12 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Upper middle income 811 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 40,492 GDP ($ billions) 5,324.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 10.9 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.57 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.60 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 Rural (% of rural population) 78 Urban (% of urban population) 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 81 Rural (% of rural population) 60 Urban (% of urban population) 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 13 Low and middle income Population (millions) 5,507 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 96,616 GDP ($ billions) 11,678.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,997 Urban population (% of total) 43.9 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.5 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 38 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 20.4 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,159 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 511 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 30.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.3 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.2 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,071 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,290 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 71.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.0 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.67 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.62 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 33.2 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 61 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 39 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,268 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 8.8 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 78 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 80 Rural (% of rural population) 70 Urban (% of urban population) 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 51 Rural (% of rural population) 34 Urban (% of urban population) 74 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 79 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.7 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.3 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.9 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.8 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.6 14 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Euro area 317 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,465 GDP ($ billions) 10,636.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,307 Urban population (% of total) 73.5 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.6 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 47 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 16.8 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,904 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 180 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 37.2 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.7 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.5 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.5 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,961 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.3 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,926 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 52.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.4 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.28 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.22 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 3.9 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 24 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 536 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,951 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 22.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 38 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. Urban (% of urban population) .. Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.8 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.8 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.0 The Little Green Data Book 2008 15 High income Population (millions) 1,031 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 33,029 GDP ($ billions) 36,794.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 13.0 Animal species, total known Animal species, threatened Higher plant species, total known Higher plant species, threatened GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.41 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 13.23 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 Rural (% of rural population) 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.3 16 2008 The Little Green Data Book Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong, China; Macao, China; and Taiwan, China. Serbia Data on population and gross national income per capita for Serbia exclude Kosovo and Metohija. The Little Green Data Book 2008 17 Afghanistan Population (millions) .. Land area (1,000 sq. km) 652 GDP ($ billions) 8.4 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 768 649 Urban population (% of total) .. 28.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 2.7 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.8 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 58 55 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 33.8 39.2 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,391 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 619 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.3 16.8 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 2.7 ­0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.3 6.0 9.9 Animal species, total known 578 Animal species, threatened 33 Higher plant species, total known 4,000 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 4.6 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 453 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 31.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 432 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 79.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.7 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.04 0.54 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 1.05 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­73.5 97.0 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 44 81 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 8 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 1,230 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 42.3 51.8 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 90 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 84 75 Rural (% of rural population) .. 81 69 Urban (% of urban population) .. 94 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) .. 27 28 Urban (% of urban population) .. 63 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 257 83 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 32.1 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.7 8.9 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.5 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 4.5 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.5 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.8 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 18.8 11.9 18 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Albania 27 GDP ($ billions) 9.1 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,930 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 46.1 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.2 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 41 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 50.5 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 995 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 298 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 29.0 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.0 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.7 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 376 Animal species, threatened 45 Higher plant species, total known 3,031 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.2 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 762 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 9.6 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,167 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.3 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 98.7 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­49.5 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 50 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 61 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,530 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.4 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 94 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 84 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 99 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 1.4 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 7.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.7 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.5 ­4.9 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 19 Algeria Population (millions) 33 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,382 GDP ($ billions) 114.7 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,030 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 63.9 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.7 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 17 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.9 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 144 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 162 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.0 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.6 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.0 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 472 Animal species, threatened 71 Higher plant species, total known 3,164 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.7 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,058 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.2 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 899 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.4 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.6 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.0 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.0 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 151.8 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 71 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 58 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 341 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 54.2 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 80 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 88 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 82 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 99 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.8 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 58.1 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. .. 18.9 20 2008 The Little Green Data Book American Samoa Population (thousands) 60 Land area (sq. km) 200 GDP ($ billions) .. Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,856 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 91.6 42.4 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 3.5 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 25 51 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 254 547 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 90.0 28.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.1 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.5 12.1 10.9 Animal species, total known 46 Animal species, threatened 26 Higher plant species, total known 471 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.9 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 3.3 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 97.7 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 79 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 70 78 Urban (% of urban population) .. 92 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 51 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 36 60 Urban (% of urban population) .. 72 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 29 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 7.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.2 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 21 Andorra Population (thousands) 67 Land area (sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 90.3 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 55 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 622 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 34.0 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 7.0 13.0 Animal species, total known .. Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 28 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 22 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 17 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Angola 1,247 GDP ($ billions) 45.2 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,970 829 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 54.0 35.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.2 4.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.8 2.6 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 46 44 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.2 3.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 23 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 228 351 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 47.4 26.5 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.2 0.7 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 10.1 11.3 12.8 Animal species, total known 1,226 Animal species, threatened 62 Higher plant species, total known 5,185 Higher plant species, threatened 26 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 9.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.1 2.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 615 681 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 63.8 56.3 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 141 542 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 34.2 76.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 65.8 20.1 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.6 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 0.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 69.9 46.3 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 80 60 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 8 .. 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,195 5,093 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.2 3.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 87 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 53 56 81 Rural (% of rural population) 40 42 71 Urban (% of urban population) 75 80 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 31 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 16 28 39 Urban (% of urban population) 56 53 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 28.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 260 157 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 42.2 19.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 10.7 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 3.8 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 68.8 18.7 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­37.6 ­10.0 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 23 Antigua and Barbuda Population (thousands) 84 Land area (sq. km) 440 GDP ($ millions) 998 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,050 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 39.6 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.9 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 32 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 632 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 20.5 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 186 Animal species, threatened 22 Higher plant species, total known 1,158 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 37.8 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 12 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,204 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 89 98 Urban (% of urban population) 95 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 100 Rural (% of rural population) 94 .. Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.0 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 24 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 39 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Argentina 2,737 GDP ($ billions) 214.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,150 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 90.3 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 47 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.7 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 490 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 13 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 12.1 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.4 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.4 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 1,413 Animal species, threatened 152 Higher plant species, total known 9,372 Higher plant species, threatened 42 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 18.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.6 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,644 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.5 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,418 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 59.8 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 32.4 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.7 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 29.1 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 76 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,123 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 10.6 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 80 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 83 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 92 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.1 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.8 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.2 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 25 Armenia Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 6.4 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,920 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 64.0 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­1.4 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­1.0 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 49 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 51.5 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 209 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 219 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 10.0 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.3 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 10.6 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 380 Animal species, threatened 35 Higher plant species, total known 3,553 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.9 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 848 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,503 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 28.9 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 28.1 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­13.1 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 68 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,016 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 32.4 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 80 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 61 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 96 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 7.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.3 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.2 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.8 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.6 ­4.9 18.9 26 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 101 Land area (sq. km) Aruba 180 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 46.7 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 11 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 2,678 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.7 13.0 Animal species, total known 92 Animal species, threatened 23 Higher plant species, total known 460 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 21.8 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 17.1 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 27 Australia Population (millions) 21 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 7,682 GDP ($ billions) 780.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,860 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 88.4 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 58 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.8 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 448 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 5 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 21.3 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.2 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 9.7 13.0 Animal species, total known 1,227 Animal species, threatened 568 Higher plant species, total known 15,638 Higher plant species, threatened 55 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 95.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.7 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,978 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.3 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 11,481 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.6 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.3 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.5 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 16.2 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 17.3 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 15 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 542 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 24,118 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 4.9 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 75 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.9 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.1 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.6 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.4 9.3 28 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Austria 82 GDP ($ billions) 322.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,750 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 66.1 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.5 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 40 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.8 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,332 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 202 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 46.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.2 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 28.5 13.0 Animal species, total known 513 Animal species, threatened 62 Higher plant species, total known 3,100 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 8.2 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,174 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 11.6 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,889 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 36.8 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 57.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.5 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 21.2 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 34 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 503 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,680 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 3.8 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.8 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.2 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.1 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 29 Azerbaijan Population (millions) 8.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 83 GDP ($ billions) 19.9 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,840 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 51.6 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.8 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 58 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 69.3 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 174 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 221 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 11.3 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.8 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 446 Animal species, threatened 38 Higher plant species, total known 4,300 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.8 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,649 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,407 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 85.8 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.2 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.0 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.8 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­41.7 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 59 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 57 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 965 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 213.0 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 59 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 95 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 54 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 36 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 73 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 3.1 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 21.7 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 88 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 57.0 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 83.8 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.4 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­39.7 ­4.9 18.9 30 2008 The Little Green Data Book Bahamas, The Population (thousands) 327 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 90.6 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.1 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 1 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 8.3 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 388 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 51.4 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.1 13.0 Animal species, total known 347 Animal species, threatened 37 Higher plant species, total known 1,111 Higher plant species, threatened 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.3 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 3.0 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 37 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 290 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 99 Rural (% of rural population) 86 98 Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 31 Bahrain Population (thousands) 739 Land area (sq. km) 710 GDP ($ billions) 16.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 19,350 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 96.7 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.1 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 14 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 66.7 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 9,200 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,268 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.1 13.0 Animal species, total known 210 Animal species, threatened 16 Higher plant species, total known 195 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.0 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 11,214 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 11,401 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.8 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 23.8 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 44.6 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 88 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 325 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 32 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 156 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Bangladesh 130 GDP ($ billions) 61.9 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 768 649 Urban population (% of total) 25.5 28.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.6 2.7 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 1.8 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 69 55 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 56.1 39.2 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,210 1,391 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,444 619 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 6.7 16.8 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 ­0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.5 6.0 9.9 Animal species, total known 735 Animal species, threatened 89 Higher plant species, total known 5,000 Higher plant species, threatened 12 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.8 4.6 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 158 453 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 34.3 31.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 136 432 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 94.3 79.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 5.7 16.7 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.5 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 1.1 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 141.8 97.0 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 140 81 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 8 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 685 1,230 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 75.6 51.8 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 96 90 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 84 75 Rural (% of rural population) 72 81 69 Urban (% of urban population) 82 94 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 39 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 35 27 28 Urban (% of urban population) 51 63 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.8 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 69 83 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.6 32.1 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.1 8.9 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.9 3.5 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.6 4.5 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.8 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.3 18.8 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 33 Barbados Population (thousands) 293 Land area (sq. km) 430 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 53.3 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.5 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 44 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 29.4 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 885 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 863 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 4.7 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 236 Animal species, threatened 20 Higher plant species, total known 572 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.4 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 17.7 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 34 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 343 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 343 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 90.0 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 22 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 34 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Belarus 207 GDP ($ billions) 36.9 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,470 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 72.7 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.3 0.2 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 43 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.0 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,253 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 50 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 38.0 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.5 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.3 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 297 Animal species, threatened 17 Higher plant species, total known 2,100 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.1 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,720 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.8 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,209 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.8 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.8 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.6 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­39.9 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 7 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 181 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,805 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 7.5 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 30 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 100 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 61 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.4 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.2 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.2 ­4.9 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 35 Belgium Population (millions) 11 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 394.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,460 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 97.2 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 46 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.7 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 35 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 22.1 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.5 13.0 Animal species, total known 519 Animal species, threatened 29 Higher plant species, total known 1,550 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.9 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,407 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.8 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,510 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 40.9 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.3 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 0.0 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 23 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 468 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,145 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.9 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.4 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.1 9.3 36 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 298 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Belize 23 GDP ($ billions) 1.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,740 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 48.5 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.8 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 7 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.9 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 810 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 216 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 72.5 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 46.3 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 691 Animal species, threatened 44 Higher plant species, total known 2,894 Higher plant species, threatened 30 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.8 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 154.1 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 17 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 121 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 54,832 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.9 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 82 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 25 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 71 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.7 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 11.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.1 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.5 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.2 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 37 Benin Population (millions) 8.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 111 GDP ($ billions) 4.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 530 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 40.5 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.3 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.3 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 32 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 0 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 185 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 21.3 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 2.3 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 23.9 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 644 Animal species, threatened 34 Higher plant species, total known 2,500 Higher plant species, threatened 14 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.0 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 304 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 64.7 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 69 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.1 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.9 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 233.8 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 41 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 13 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,213 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.3 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 67 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 57 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 78 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 33 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 11 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 59 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 12.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 148 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 38 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 64 Land area (sq. km) Bermuda 50 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 20 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 0 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 20.0 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 8.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 243 Animal species, threatened 43 Higher plant species, total known 167 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­6.8 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 39 Bhutan Population (thousands) 649 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 47 GDP ($ millions) 942 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,430 768 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 11.4 28.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.0 2.7 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 1.8 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 13 55 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 23.5 39.2 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,391 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 356 619 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 68.0 16.8 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.3 ­0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 25.6 6.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 717 Animal species, threatened 41 Higher plant species, total known 5,468 Higher plant species, threatened 7 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 4.6 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 453 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 31.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 432 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 79.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.7 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.5 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 1.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 222.9 97.0 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 27 81 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 12 8 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 149,134 1,230 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.4 51.8 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 90 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 62 84 81 Rural (% of rural population) 60 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 86 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 70 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 70 27 39 Urban (% of urban population) 65 63 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 70 83 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 39.4 32.1 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 8.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 3.5 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.5 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.8 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 30.0 18.8 18.9 40 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Bolivia 1,084 GDP ($ billions) 11.2 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,100 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 64.7 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.1 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.1 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 35 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.1 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 81 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 108 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 54.2 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.4 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 19.5 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 1,775 Animal species, threatened 80 Higher plant species, total known 17,367 Higher plant species, threatened 71 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 13.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.4 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 578 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.0 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 479 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 49.0 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 47.8 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 26.7 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 97 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 15 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 33,054 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.5 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 81 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 68 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 95 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 46 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 22 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 60 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 22.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 24.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.9 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.3 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 40.6 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.9 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­24.2 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51 GDP ($ billions) 12.3 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,230 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 46.3 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.5 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.6 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 42 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.3 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 597 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 213 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 42.7 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.5 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 390 Animal species, threatened 55 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.7 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,268 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.7 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,316 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 57.1 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 42.9 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.7 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.0 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 125.6 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 19 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,067 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 96 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 92 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 99 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 1.5 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 6.0 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­4.9 18.9 42 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Botswana 567 GDP ($ billions) 10.6 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,570 829 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 58.2 35.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.0 4.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.9 2.6 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 46 44 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.3 3.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 207 351 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 21.1 26.5 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.9 0.7 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 30.9 11.3 10.9 Animal species, total known 739 Animal species, threatened 18 Higher plant species, total known 2,151 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 11.6 2.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,032 681 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 24.1 56.3 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,406 542 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 76.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 20.1 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.6 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.4 0.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 98.1 46.3 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 68 60 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 47 .. 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,307 5,093 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 8.1 3.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 87 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 56 93 Rural (% of rural population) 90 42 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 80 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 42 37 81 Rural (% of rural population) 25 28 60 Urban (% of urban population) 57 53 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 38.5 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.5 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 124 157 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 55.8 19.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.5 10.7 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.6 3.8 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 18.7 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.0 2.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 44.2 ­10.0 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 43 Brazil Population (millions) 189 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8,459 GDP ($ billions) 1,067.5 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,710 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 84.7 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.5 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 31 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.4 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,366 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 50 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 56.5 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.6 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 18.1 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 2,290 Animal species, threatened 343 Higher plant species, total known 56,215 Higher plant species, threatened 382 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 100.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.6 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,122 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 26.5 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,008 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 10.1 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 83.7 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 58.2 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 26 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 136 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 29,000 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.1 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 57 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 96 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 75 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 37 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 83 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 23.7 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.8 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.7 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.5 1.8 ­2.2 44 2008 The Little Green Data Book Brunei Darussalam Population (thousands) 382 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.3 GDP ($ billions) 11.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,930 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 73.9 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.2 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 5 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.6 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 708 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 52.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.8 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 61.5 13.0 Animal species, total known 567 Animal species, threatened 50 Higher plant species, total known 6,000 Higher plant species, threatened 99 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.7 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,065 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.7 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,498 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.5 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 24.1 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 51.3 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 46 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 397 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 22,738 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 45 Bulgaria Population (millions) 7.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 109 GDP ($ billions) 31.5 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,990 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 70.3 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.4 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.8 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 48 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 16.6 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,770 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 73 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 33.4 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.6 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 10.3 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 485 Animal species, threatened 47 Higher plant species, total known 3,572 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.6 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,592 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.7 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,121 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 47.7 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.9 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.5 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­43.5 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 60 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 314 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,713 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 50.0 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 19 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 97 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) 96 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.5 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.0 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.1 ­4.9 ­2.2 46 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Burkina Faso 14 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 274 GDP ($ billions) 6.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 440 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 18.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 40 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 126 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 235 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 24.8 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.3 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 15.4 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 581 Animal species, threatened 13 Higher plant species, total known 1,100 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.08 0.57 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.08 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 10.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 94 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 5 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 897 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.4 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 61 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 54 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 94 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 6 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 42 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 204 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.1 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.9 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 47 Burundi Population (millions) 8.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 26 GDP ($ millions) 903 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 100 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 10.3 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.3 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.3 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 91 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.5 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 35 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 728 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 5.9 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 4.2 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.7 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 713 Animal species, threatened 48 Higher plant species, total known 2,500 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.09 0.57 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.03 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 13.2 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 30 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 1 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,285 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 2.9 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 77 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 92 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 36 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 35 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 47 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 181 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 2.0 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.4 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 10.5 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­10.9 ­10.0 11.9 48 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 14 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cambodia 177 GDP ($ billions) 7.3 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 20.3 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.4 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 30 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 7.0 .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 0 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 303 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 59.2 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.4 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 23.5 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known 648 Animal species, threatened 82 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 31 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 41.0 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.9 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.03 0.90 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.04 3.27 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 18.7 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 62 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,642 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 3.4 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 41 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 35 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 64 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 17 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 8 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 53 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 82 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.1 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.5 28.5 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 49 Cameroon Population (millions) 18 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 465 GDP ($ billions) 18.3 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 990 829 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 55.5 35.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.4 4.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 2.6 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 20 44 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 3.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 79 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 136 351 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 45.6 26.5 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.0 0.7 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 8.0 11.3 12.8 Animal species, total known 1,258 Animal species, threatened 157 Higher plant species, total known 8,260 Higher plant species, threatened 355 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 13.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.1 2.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 392 681 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 78.6 56.3 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 196 542 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 5.6 76.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 94.4 20.1 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.1 0.6 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 139.0 46.3 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 65 60 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 11 .. 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 15,341 5,093 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.4 3.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 87 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 66 56 81 Rural (% of rural population) 44 42 71 Urban (% of urban population) 86 80 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 51 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 43 28 39 Urban (% of urban population) 58 53 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 11.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 149 157 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.5 19.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.4 10.7 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 3.8 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 14.9 18.7 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 2.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­6.2 ­10.0 18.9 50 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 33 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Canada 9,094 GDP ($ billions) 1,271.6 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 36,650 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 80.2 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 7 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.5 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 613 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 14 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 34.1 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.9 13.0 Animal species, total known 683 Animal species, threatened 77 Higher plant species, total known 3,270 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 22.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.2 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 8,417 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.6 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 17,285 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 25.8 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 57.9 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.6 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 20.0 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 53.7 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 19 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 561 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 88,203 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.6 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 12 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 99 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.7 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.6 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.4 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.4 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 51 Cape Verde Population (thousands) 519 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 4.0 GDP ($ billions) 1.1 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,130 829 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 58.0 35.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.1 4.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 2.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 18 44 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.1 3.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 470 351 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 20.8 26.5 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­2.5 0.7 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.2 11.3 12.8 Animal species, total known 186 Animal species, threatened 25 Higher plant species, total known 774 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.6 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 212.5 46.3 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 60 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 592 5,093 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 7.3 3.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 87 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 80 56 81 Rural (% of rural population) 73 42 71 Urban (% of urban population) 86 80 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 43 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 19 28 39 Urban (% of urban population) 61 53 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34 157 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.8 19.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.8 10.7 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.1 3.8 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 23.9 ­10.0 18.9 52 2008 The Little Green Data Book Cayman Islands Population (thousands) 46 Land area (sq. km) 260 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 12 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 0 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 46.2 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.1 13.0 Animal species, total known 221 Animal species, threatened 22 Higher plant species, total known 539 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.1 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 25.0 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 20 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 53 Central African Republic Population (millions) 4.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 623 GDP ($ billions) 1.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 350 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 38.2 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 8 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 135 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 36.5 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 16.6 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 850 Animal species, threatened 17 Higher plant species, total known 3,602 Higher plant species, threatened 15 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.09 0.57 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.06 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 27.8 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 49 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 1 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 33,640 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.0 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 4 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 61 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 93 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 27 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 12 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 47 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 26.5 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 175 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 54 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Chad 1,259 GDP ($ billions) 6.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 25.8 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.7 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.4 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 39 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.8 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 180 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 9.5 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.6 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 9.5 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 635 Animal species, threatened 21 Higher plant species, total known 1,600 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.01 0.57 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.01 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­12.8 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 123 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,478 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.5 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 42 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 43 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 41 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 9 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 4 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 24 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.2 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 31.2 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 209 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 29.5 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.3 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 65.4 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­46.6 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 55 Channel Islands Population (thousands) 149 Land area (sq. km) 190 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 30.6 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 40 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 2,718 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 5.3 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 13.0 Animal species, total known .. Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 56 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 16 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Chile 749 GDP ($ billions) 145.8 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,810 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 87.9 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.7 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 20 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 81.0 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 3,019 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 104 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 21.5 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.6 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 604 Animal species, threatened 95 Higher plant species, total known 5,284 Higher plant species, threatened 39 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 16.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.7 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,815 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.5 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,074 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 50.1 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 48.1 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 75.1 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 53 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 88 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 54,249 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.4 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 64 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 58 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 62 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 95 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.6 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.2 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 27.5 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­12.1 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 57 China Population (millions) 1,312 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,327 GDP ($ billions) 2,644.7 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,000 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 41.3 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.5 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 60 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 35.6 .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 3,410 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 543 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 21.2 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.5 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.8 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 1,801 Animal species, threatened 351 Higher plant species, total known 32,200 Higher plant species, threatened 446 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 64.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.1 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,316 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.0 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,781 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.9 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.9 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.0 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 108.7 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 75 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 15 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,156 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 22.4 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 67 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 93 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 44 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 28 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 69 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 53.8 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.8 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.5 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 36.1 28.5 18.9 58 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 46 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Colombia 1,110 GDP ($ billions) 153.4 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,120 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 73.0 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.7 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 38 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 24.0 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,330 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 612 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 54.7 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 74.4 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 2,288 Animal species, threatened 382 Higher plant species, total known 51,220 Higher plant species, threatened 222 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 57.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 9.2 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 636 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 14.4 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 890 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 21.7 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 77.2 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­7.7 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 23 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 35 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 46,990 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.5 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 46 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 71 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 54 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 96 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.9 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.7 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.5 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 59 Comoros Population (thousands) 614 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.9 GDP ($ millions) 403 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 660 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 37.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.0 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.1 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 80 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 473 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 2.7 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 5.7 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 21.7 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 153 Animal species, threatened 23 Higher plant species, total known 721 Higher plant species, threatened 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.1 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 33.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 36 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,998 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 47 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 82 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 92 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 33 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 29 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 41 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.1 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 68 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 4.3 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­0.6 ­10.0 11.9 60 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Congo, Dem. Rep. 61 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,267 GDP ($ billions) 8.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 32.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.9 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 10 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 595 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 58.9 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.3 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 8.6 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,578 Animal species, threatened 126 Higher plant species, total known 11,007 Higher plant species, threatened 65 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 17.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 0.9 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 289 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 92.5 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 91 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.3 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.7 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.1 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.04 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­47.0 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 50 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 15,322 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.0 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 31 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 46 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 29 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 82 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 25 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 42 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 11.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 22.7 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 205 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.3 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.8 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.8 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.2 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­6.3 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 61 Congo, Rep. Population (millions) 3.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 342 GDP ($ billions) 7.4 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,050 829 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 60.6 35.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.3 4.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 2.6 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 31 44 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 3.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 290 351 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 65.8 26.5 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 0.7 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 18.0 11.3 12.8 Animal species, total known 763 Animal species, threatened 37 Higher plant species, total known 6,000 Higher plant species, threatened 35 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 9.8 2.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 332 681 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 56.3 56.3 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 160 542 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.3 76.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.7 20.1 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.6 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 0.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 201.9 46.3 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 91 60 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 8 .. 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 61,498 5,093 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.0 3.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 87 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 56 81 Rural (% of rural population) 27 42 71 Urban (% of urban population) 84 80 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 27 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 25 28 39 Urban (% of urban population) 28 53 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 126 157 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.7 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 3.8 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 18.7 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 18.9 62 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Costa Rica 51 GDP ($ billions) 22.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,980 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 62.2 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.5 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 57 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 20.2 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 10,345 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 737 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 46.8 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.5 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 23.6 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 1,070 Animal species, threatened 131 Higher plant species, total known 12,119 Higher plant species, threatened 111 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 11.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 9.9 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 883 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.0 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,719 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 3.3 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 79.6 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 119.5 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 37 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 146 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25,975 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 2.4 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 53 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 92 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 92 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 97 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 89 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.4 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.2 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.5 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 63 Côte d'Ivoire Population (millions) 19 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 318 GDP ($ billions) 17.6 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 880 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 45.4 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.3 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 64 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.1 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 142 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 292 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 32.7 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 17.1 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 931 Animal species, threatened 73 Higher plant species, total known 3,660 Higher plant species, threatened 105 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.8 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 422 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 58.3 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 170 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.2 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 25.8 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­4.2 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 48 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 7 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,132 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.2 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 74 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 97 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 29 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 46 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 3.7 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 127 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.1 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 12.5 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­3.0 ­10.0 11.9 64 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Croatia 56 GDP ($ billions) 42.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,310 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 56.8 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.1 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.5 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 48 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.7 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,241 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 174 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 38.2 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.5 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 461 Animal species, threatened 78 Higher plant species, total known 4,288 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.6 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,000 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.0 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,475 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 48.5 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 51.3 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­4.5 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 31 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 312 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,485 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) 100 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 11.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.7 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.9 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.0 ­4.9 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 65 Cuba Population (millions) 11 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 110 GDP ($ billions) .. Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 75.4 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.5 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 60 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 19.5 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 191 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 75 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 24.7 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.9 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.4 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 423 Animal species, threatened 115 Higher plant species, total known 6,522 Higher plant species, threatened 163 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 13.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 906 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 20.3 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,152 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 97.5 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­19.5 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 17 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,384 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 21.5 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 69 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 78 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 95 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 95 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 99 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.1 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 18.9 66 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 771 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Cyprus 9.2 GDP ($ billions) 18.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,270 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 69.5 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 18 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 20.5 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,410 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 194 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 18.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.5 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 8.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 370 Animal species, threatened 23 Higher plant species, total known 1,682 Higher plant species, threatened 7 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.3 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,368 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.6 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,560 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.1 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 45.2 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 47 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 550 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,056 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 30.0 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.9 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 67 Czech Republic Population (millions) 10 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 77 GDP ($ billions) 143.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,790 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 73.5 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.2 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.1 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 55 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.7 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,525 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 89 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 34.3 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 18.7 13.0 Animal species, total known 474 Animal species, threatened 39 Higher plant species, total known 1,900 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.6 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,417 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.9 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,343 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.9 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.5 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­27.7 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 22 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 363 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,290 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 19.5 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 .. Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.4 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.7 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.7 9.3 68 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Denmark 42 GDP ($ billions) 275.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 52,110 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 85.7 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 61 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 11.2 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 599 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 35 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 11.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.8 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 25.7 13.0 Animal species, total known 508 Animal species, threatened 28 Higher plant species, total known 1,450 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 9.3 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,621 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.2 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,663 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 70.7 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.8 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 6.4 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 19 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 354 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,108 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 21.2 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 43 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.0 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.0 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.4 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 69 Djibouti Population (thousands) 819 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23 GDP ($ millions) 769 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,060 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 86.5 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.2 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 73 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 11,178 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.3 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.4 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 418 Animal species, threatened 28 Higher plant species, total known 826 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 4.2 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 44 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 373 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.3 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 16 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 73 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 59 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 76 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 50 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 88 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 130 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.6 .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.3 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.6 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.6 .. 18.9 70 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 72 Land area (sq. km) Dominica 750 GDP ($ millions) 319 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,160 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 73.2 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.5 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.0 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 31 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 390 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 61.3 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.6 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 26.5 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 180 Animal species, threatened 27 Higher plant species, total known 1,228 Higher plant species, threatened 11 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.5 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 81.3 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 29 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 90 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 84 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 75 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 86 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.0 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 71 Dominican Republic Population (millions) 9.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 31.8 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,910 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 67.5 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.7 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 71 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 20.8 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 383 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.4 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 24.6 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 260 Animal species, threatened 81 Higher plant species, total known 5,657 Higher plant species, threatened 30 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 6.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.7 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 777 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 18.6 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,000 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 84.8 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.7 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.1 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 105.2 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 23 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 78 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,218 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 16.1 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 91 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 97 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 78 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 73 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 81 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.7 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.6 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.9 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.9 1.8 18.9 72 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 13 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ecuador 277 GDP ($ billions) 41.4 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,910 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 63.3 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 27 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 29.4 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,450 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 360 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 39.2 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.6 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 24.3 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 1,856 Animal species, threatened 340 Higher plant species, total known 19,362 Higher plant species, threatened 1,838 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 30.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 8.4 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 799 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.1 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 714 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 48.6 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 51.4 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 74.9 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 26 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 32 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 33,076 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 3.9 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 89 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 97 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 82 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 94 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 57.2 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.1 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.4 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 28.8 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­11.8 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 73 Egypt, Arab Rep. Population (millions) 74 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 995 GDP ($ billions) 107.5 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,360 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 43.0 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.9 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 4 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 100.0 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 7,331 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,389 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.1 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­2.8 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.6 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 599 Animal species, threatened 59 Higher plant species, total known 2,076 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.4 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 841 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.3 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,245 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.9 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.6 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.5 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.2 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 109.6 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 128 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 27 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 3,794.4 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 97 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 70 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 58 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 86 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 35 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.1 .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 24.4 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­10.2 .. 18.9 74 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) El Salvador 21 GDP ($ billions) 18.7 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,680 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 60.1 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 82 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.9 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,091 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 406 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 14.4 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.5 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.9 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 571 Animal species, threatened 29 Higher plant species, total known 2,911 Higher plant species, threatened 26 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.8 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 694 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 32.4 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 666 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 42.6 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 35.0 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 135.6 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 35 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,669 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 7.2 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 84 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 70 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 94 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 62 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 39 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 77 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 42.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.9 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.0 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.7 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 75 Equatorial Guinea Population (thousands) 496 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 8.6 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,510 829 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 39.1 35.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.1 4.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 2.6 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 12 44 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 228 351 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 58.2 26.5 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.9 0.7 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 16.2 11.3 10.9 Animal species, total known 571 Animal species, threatened 42 Higher plant species, total known 3,250 Higher plant species, threatened 63 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.6 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.5 0.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 4,525.0 46.3 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 8 60 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 53,708 5,093 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.4 3.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 1 87 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 43 56 93 Rural (% of rural population) 42 42 78 Urban (% of urban population) 45 80 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 53 37 81 Rural (% of rural population) 46 28 60 Urban (% of urban population) 60 53 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 206 157 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 75.4 19.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.7 10.7 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.5 3.8 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 142.6 18.7 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­87.5 ­10.0 ­2.2 76 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Eritrea 101 GDP ($ billions) 1.1 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 190 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 19.8 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 75 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3.5 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 22 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 573 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 15.4 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.3 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.0 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 607 Animal species, threatened 38 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 61 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 619 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 10.7 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 60 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 57 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 74 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 9 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 3 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 32 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 23.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 74 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.7 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.2 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.5 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 77 Estonia Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 42 GDP ($ billions) 16.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,400 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 69.1 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­1.2 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­1.0 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 20 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.7 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 4,867 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 70 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 53.9 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 21.1 13.0 Animal species, total known 334 Animal species, threatened 14 Higher plant species, total known 1,630 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.3 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,786 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.1 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,567 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.9 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.2 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.9 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 14.0 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­33.2 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 14 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 367 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,435 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.2 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 5 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 99 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 100 Rural (% of rural population) 96 .. Urban (% of urban population) 97 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.7 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.9 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 37.6 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­20.9 9.3 78 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 77 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ethiopia 1,000 GDP ($ billions) 13.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 16.3 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.2 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 34 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.5 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 26 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 481 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 13.0 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.0 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 18.6 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,127 Animal species, threatened 86 Higher plant species, total known 6,603 Higher plant species, threatened 22 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 8.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.0 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 288 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 90.6 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 34 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.7 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.3 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 169.1 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 74 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 1 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,623 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 4.6 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 22 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 11 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 81 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 7 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 44 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 12.6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 23.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 123 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.4 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.9 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.8 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­1.7 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 79 Faeroe Islands Population (thousands) 48 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.4 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 39.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 2 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 985 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 13.0 Animal species, total known 268 Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known 236 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 13.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 7.1 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 15 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 80 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 833 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) Fiji 3.1 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,720 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 51.3 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 25 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.1 .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 333 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 204 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 54.7 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.4 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 127 Animal species, threatened 35 Higher plant species, total known 1,518 Higher plant species, threatened 66 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.3 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 31.5 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 23 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 96 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 34,539 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.0 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 60 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 47 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 51 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 43 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 72 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 55 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 87 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.3 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 81 Finland Population (millions) 5.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 305 GDP ($ billions) 210.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 41,360 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 61.2 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 7 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.9 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,344 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 91 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 73.9 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 9.7 13.0 Animal species, total known 501 Animal species, threatened 19 Higher plant species, total known 1,102 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.6 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,664 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 19.6 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 16,120 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 33.2 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 19.5 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.6 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 28.4 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 18 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 460 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 20,396 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 2.3 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.5 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.8 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.3 9.3 82 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 61 Land area (1,000 sq. km) France 550 GDP ($ billions) 2,248.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 36,560 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 76.9 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.7 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 54 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 13.3 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,032 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 77 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.3 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.5 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 665 Animal species, threatened 117 Higher plant species, total known 4,630 Higher plant species, threatened 7 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.7 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,534 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.3 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,938 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 10.7 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.1 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.2 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 2.7 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 14 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 494 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,932 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 22.4 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 10 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.8 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.5 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.4 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 83 French Polynesia Population (thousands) 259 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 3.7 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 51.7 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 12 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.0 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,507 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 4,116 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.7 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 137 Animal species, threatened 77 Higher plant species, total known 959 Higher plant species, threatened 47 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 9.6 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 39,119 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 97 .. Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 84 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Gabon 258 GDP ($ billions) 9.5 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,360 829 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 84.1 35.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.5 4.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 2.6 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 20 44 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.4 3.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 27 .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 65 351 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 84.5 26.5 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.4 11.3 10.9 Animal species, total known 798 Animal species, threatened 43 Higher plant species, total known 6,651 Higher plant species, threatened 108 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 10.4 2.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,333 681 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 58.7 56.3 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 999 542 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 47.7 76.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 51.9 20.1 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.08 0.57 0.57 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 0.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­77.1 46.3 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 7 60 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 127,064 5,093 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 42 87 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 56 93 Rural (% of rural population) 47 42 78 Urban (% of urban population) 95 80 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 36 37 81 Rural (% of rural population) 30 28 60 Urban (% of urban population) 37 53 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 15.7 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 91 157 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 52.4 19.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.3 10.7 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 3.8 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 60.8 18.7 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­20.6 ­10.0 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 85 Gambia, The Population (millions) 1.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ millions) 511 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 54.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.7 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.4 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 81 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.6 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 213 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 47.1 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.5 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 668 Animal species, threatened 31 Higher plant species, total known 974 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 50.0 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 95 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 5 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,855 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.0 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 65 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 77 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 95 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 53 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 46 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 72 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 7.7 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 21.5 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 113 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.3 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.7 ­10.0 11.9 86 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Georgia 69 GDP ($ billions) 7.7 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,580 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 52.3 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­1.6 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­1.3 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 43 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 44.0 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 378 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 267 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 39.7 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.3 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 366 Animal species, threatened 46 Higher plant species, total known 4,350 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.9 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 718 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 20.1 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,672 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 14.2 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 85.8 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­77.3 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 51 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 56 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,988 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.2 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 59 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 67 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 96 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 91 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 96 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 3.8 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.7 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­2.2 ­4.9 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 87 Germany Population (millions) 82 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 349 GDP ($ billions) 2,896.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 36,810 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 75.3 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 49 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.0 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,122 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 172 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 31.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.2 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 32.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 613 Animal species, threatened 59 Higher plant species, total known 2,682 Higher plant species, threatened 12 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.3 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,180 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.5 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,111 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 62.9 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.2 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.8 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­17.6 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 19 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 550 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,297 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 44.0 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.9 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.7 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.1 9.3 88 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 23 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ghana 228 GDP ($ billions) 12.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 510 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 48.5 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.2 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 65 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 75 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 281 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 24.2 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 2.0 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 16.2 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 978 Animal species, threatened 56 Higher plant species, total known 3,725 Higher plant species, threatened 117 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.9 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 397 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 66.0 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 266 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 21.5 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 78.5 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 90.8 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 34 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,345 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 3.2 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 66 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 75 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 64 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 88 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 18 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 11 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 27 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 17.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 120 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.4 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 7.7 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.6 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.8 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 89 Greece Population (millions) 11 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 129 GDP ($ billions) 308.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 27,390 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 59.1 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.6 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 65 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 37.9 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,652 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 173 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 29.1 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.9 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 530 Animal species, threatened 95 Higher plant species, total known 4,992 Higher plant species, threatened 11 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 10.5 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,790 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.3 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,242 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 89.1 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.4 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 33.5 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 36 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 388 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,223 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 13.4 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.4 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 6.9 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.6 9.3 90 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 57 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Greenland 410 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 83.2 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 1 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 166 Animal species, threatened 14 Higher plant species, total known 529 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.0 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 3.3 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 91 Grenada Population (thousands) 108 Land area (sq. km) 340 GDP ($ millions) 525 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,650 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 30.7 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.6 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 38 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 3,696 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 11.8 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.1 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 181 Animal species, threatened 23 Higher plant species, total known 1,068 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 78.8 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 19 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 93 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 97 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 97 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 96 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 ­2.2 92 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 171 Land area (sq. km) Guam 540 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 94.1 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.5 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 37 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 506 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 48.1 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.4 13.0 Animal species, total known 71 Animal species, threatened 28 Higher plant species, total known 330 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 25.0 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) 98 .. Urban (% of urban population) 99 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 93 Guatemala Population (millions) 13 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 108 GDP ($ billions) 35.3 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,590 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 47.7 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.3 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 43 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.3 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,379 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 466 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 36.3 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.2 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 23.4 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 877 Animal species, threatened 133 Higher plant species, total known 8,681 Higher plant species, threatened 84 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 8.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.8 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 628 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 53.2 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 522 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 45.3 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 42.8 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 140.1 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 62 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 8,592 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.8 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 95 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 92 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 86 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 82 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 90 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 41 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.5 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.8 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.6 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.9 1.8 18.9 94 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Guinea 246 GDP ($ billions) 3.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 33.5 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.7 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 51 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.4 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 28 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 503 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 27.4 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.6 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.4 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 855 Animal species, threatened 61 Higher plant species, total known 3,000 Higher plant species, threatened 22 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.1 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 32.2 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 77 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 25,104 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.7 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 50 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 35 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 78 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 18 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 11 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 31 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 15.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 21.2 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 161 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 8.6 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.0 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 9.5 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­9.7 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 95 Guinea-Bissau Population (millions) 1.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ millions) 304 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 190 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 29.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.4 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 58 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.5 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 375 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 73.7 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.4 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 560 Animal species, threatened 29 Higher plant species, total known 1,000 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 29.8 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 80 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 10,019 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.1 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 59 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 49 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 79 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 35 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 23 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 57 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.1 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 31.5 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 200 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.5 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.1 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 17.0 ­10.0 11.9 96 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 739 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Guyana 197 GDP ($ millions) 896 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,150 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 28.3 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.2 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 9 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 29.4 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 163 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 111 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 76.7 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.5 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 1,023 Animal species, threatened 50 Higher plant species, total known 6,409 Higher plant species, threatened 22 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.6 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 27.5 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 35 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 325,908 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 83 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 83 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 70 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 60 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 86 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 5.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 62 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 8.2 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 25.3 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 97 Haiti Population (millions) 9.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 5.0 Latin America & Low- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 430 4,785 649 Urban population (% of total) 39.5 77.7 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.6 2.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 1.5 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 58 36 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 8.4 12.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,003 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 729 241 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 3.8 45.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.7 0.5 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.3 19.7 9.9 Animal species, total known 312 Animal species, threatened 91 Higher plant species, total known 5,242 Higher plant species, threatened 29 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.4 7.0 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 269 1,198 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 75.9 14.8 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 37 1,715 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 52.3 37.0 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 47.7 57.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.3 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 2.5 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 76.8 29.6 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 39 37 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,398 24,471 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 7.6 2.0 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 71 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 54 91 75 Rural (% of rural population) 56 73 69 Urban (% of urban population) 52 96 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 77 38 Rural (% of rural population) 14 49 28 Urban (% of urban population) 57 86 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 39.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 25.7 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 80 26 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 12.1 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.5 4.4 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 11.9 98 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 7.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Honduras 112 GDP ($ billions) 9.2 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 47.0 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.2 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 26 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.6 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 585 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 342 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 41.5 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 3.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 21.0 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 900 Animal species, threatened 102 Higher plant species, total known 5,680 Higher plant species, threatened 110 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 7.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.8 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 566 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 42.0 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 626 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.4 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 32.3 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 193.8 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 46 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 14,033 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.9 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 81 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 95 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 69 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 54 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 87 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.3 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 2.4 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 22.5 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 99 Hong Kong, China Population (millions) 6.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.0 GDP ($ billions) 189.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,040 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) .. 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 24.7 13.0 Animal species, total known 363 Animal species, threatened 37 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 6 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 13.5 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,653 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.3 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,878 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.5 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 42.8 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 53 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 31.9 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.9 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.4 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.3 9.3 100 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Hungary 90 GDP ($ billions) 112.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,870 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 66.7 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.1 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.2 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 65 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.7 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,234 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 74 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 22.1 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.6 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 9.3 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 455 Animal species, threatened 55 Higher plant species, total known 2,214 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.2 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,752 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.0 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,771 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 55.9 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.7 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­4.9 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 18 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 274 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 595 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 127.3 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 32 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 98 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) 85 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.3 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.6 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.5 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.3 ­4.9 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 101 Iceland Population (thousands) 302 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 100 GDP ($ billions) 16.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 49,960 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 92.9 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 23 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 25,249 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 305 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.5 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­4.1 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.7 13.0 Animal species, total known 338 Animal species, threatened 17 Higher plant species, total known 377 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.9 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 12,219 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 27,987 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.1 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 80.8 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.6 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 10.3 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 17 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 632 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 572,873 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.1 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.0 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.5 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.4 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.8 9.3 102 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 1,110 Land area (1,000 sq. km) India 2,973 GDP ($ billions) 911.8 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 820 768 649 Urban population (% of total) 29.0 28.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 2.7 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.7 1.8 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 61 55 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 32.9 39.2 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,290 1,391 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 489 619 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 22.8 16.8 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 ­0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.3 6.0 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,602 Animal species, threatened 313 Higher plant species, total known 18,664 Higher plant species, threatened 247 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 43.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.5 4.6 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 491 453 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 29.4 31.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 480 432 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 82.1 79.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.3 16.7 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.6 0.5 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 1.1 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 96.9 97.0 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 68 81 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 8 8 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,152 1,230 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 51.2 51.8 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 86 90 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 84 75 Rural (% of rural population) 83 81 69 Urban (% of urban population) 95 94 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 33 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 22 27 28 Urban (% of urban population) 59 63 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.3 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.2 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 76 83 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 33.7 32.1 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 8.9 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 3.5 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.3 4.5 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.8 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.6 18.8 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 103 Indonesia Population (millions) 223 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,812 GDP ($ billions) 364.8 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,420 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 49.2 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.4 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 26 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 12.4 .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,497 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 498 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 48.8 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.8 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 14.3 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 2,271 Animal species, threatened 464 Higher plant species, total known 29,375 Higher plant species, threatened 386 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 90.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.9 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 814 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 28.5 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 509 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.4 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.4 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 76.8 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 96 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 12,867 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 2.9 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 69 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 87 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 55 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 40 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 73 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.6 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 11.4 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.1 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.7 28.5 18.9 104 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Iran, Islamic Rep. 70 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,629 GDP ($ billions) 217.9 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,930 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 67.4 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 29 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 47.3 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 762 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 138 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 6.8 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.5 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 656 Animal species, threatened 75 Higher plant species, total known 8,000 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 7.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.0 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,352 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.5 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,117 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 91.1 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 8.9 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.7 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.4 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 98.5 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 55 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 24 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,860 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 56.7 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 91 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 84 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 83 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 78 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 86 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 24.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 11.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 40.7 .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.0 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 54.2 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­22.7 .. 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 105 Iraq Population (millions) .. Land area (1,000 sq. km) 437 GDP ($ billions) 12.6 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) .. 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 23 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 58.6 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.9 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 498 Animal species, threatened 40 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.5 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.5 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 126 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 121.3 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) .. 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) .. 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) .. 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 46 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. .. 18.9 106 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ireland 69 GDP ($ billions) 220.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 44,830 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 60.8 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 61 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 4,619 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 135 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 9.7 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­2.8 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.1 13.0 Animal species, total known 471 Animal species, threatened 15 Higher plant species, total known 950 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 10.3 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,676 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.6 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,234 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.7 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.5 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.4 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 38.2 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 17 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 382 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 11,781 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 2.3 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 0 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.7 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.7 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.4 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 28.2 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 107 Isle of Man Population (thousands) 77 Land area (sq. km) 570 GDP ($ billions) 2.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,600 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 51.9 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 46 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 489 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 5.3 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 13.0 Animal species, total known .. Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 108 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 7.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Israel 22 GDP ($ billions) 140.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,170 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 91.6 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 24 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 40.2 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 21,977 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 183 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 7.9 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.7 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 21.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 649 Animal species, threatened 79 Higher plant species, total known 2,317 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 8.0 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,816 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,759 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.9 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.5 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.5 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 114.9 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 31 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 239 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 116 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 256.3 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 16.7 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.7 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 109 Italy Population (millions) 59 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 294 GDP ($ billions) 1,851.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,990 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 67.8 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 50 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 25.8 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,569 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 245 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 33.9 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.2 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 610 Animal species, threatened 119 Higher plant species, total known 5,599 Higher plant species, threatened 19 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 8.8 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,160 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.3 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,669 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 83.5 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.4 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 15.4 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 28 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 595 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,114 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 24.3 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 19.3 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.7 9.3 110 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Jamaica 11 GDP ($ billions) 10.0 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,560 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 53.4 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.7 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 47 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 8.8 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 309 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 715 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 31.3 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 16.2 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 333 Animal species, threatened 61 Higher plant species, total known 3,308 Higher plant species, threatened 209 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.0 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,445 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 12.2 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,474 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 96.6 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 2.0 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.6 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.0 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 33.0 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 38 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 135 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,541 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 4.4 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 49 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 88 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 69 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 91 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 3.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 31 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.6 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.5 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 111 Japan Population (millions) 128 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 365 GDP ($ billions) 4,368.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,630 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 66.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.5 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 13 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 36.3 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 3,908 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,002 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 68.2 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 14.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 763 Animal species, threatened 190 Higher plant species, total known 5,565 Higher plant species, threatened 12 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 41.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.3 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,152 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.2 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,233 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 58.9 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 7.1 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.8 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 17.4 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 31 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 441 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,365 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 20.6 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.3 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.9 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 15.8 9.3 112 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Jordan 88 GDP ($ billions) 14.1 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,650 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 82.6 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.3 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.5 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 11 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 29.6 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 7,883 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 521 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.9 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.0 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 490 Animal species, threatened 43 Higher plant species, total known 2,100 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.3 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,311 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,676 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.4 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.6 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.8 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.1 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 61.6 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 52 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 78 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 129 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 144.3 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 75 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 91 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 93 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 87 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 94 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.8 .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.1 .. 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 113 Kazakhstan Population (millions) 15 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,700 GDP ($ billions) 81.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 57.6 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.3 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.4 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 77 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 15.7 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 64 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 29 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.2 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.2 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.9 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 642 Animal species, threatened 55 Higher plant species, total known 6,000 Higher plant species, threatened 16 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.5 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,462 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,206 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 88.4 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.6 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.7 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 13.3 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­30.5 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 19 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 93 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,978 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 46.4 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 73 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 72 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) 52 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 87 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 3.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 34.5 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.1 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 52.4 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.2 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.1 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­33.2 ­4.9 ­2.2 114 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 37 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kenya 569 GDP ($ billions) 22.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 580 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 21.0 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.7 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.8 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 47 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.8 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 178 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 536 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 6.2 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.3 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 12.6 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,510 Animal species, threatened 172 Higher plant species, total known 6,506 Higher plant species, threatened 103 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 9.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.8 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 484 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 74.6 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 138 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 29.5 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 50.4 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 81.7 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 38 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 9 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 581 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 7.6 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 64 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 61 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 46 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 83 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 43 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 41 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 46 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 17.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 121 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.1 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.6 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.3 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.2 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 115 Kiribati Population (thousands) 100 Land area (sq. km) 810 GDP ($ millions) 71 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,240 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 48.2 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.0 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 46 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 2,604 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 2.5 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 138.9 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 51 Animal species, threatened 13 Higher plant species, total known 60 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.09 0.90 0.82 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 33.3 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 65 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 53 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 77 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 40 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 22 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 59 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 64 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 5.2 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 18.9 116 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Korea, Dem. Rep. 24 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 120 GDP ($ billions) .. East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 62.0 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 25 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 50.3 .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 324 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 51.4 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.9 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.6 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known 474 Animal species, threatened 44 Higher plant species, total known 2,898 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 898 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.9 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 817 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 42.7 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 57.3 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.9 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 3.3 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­67.7 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 73 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,837 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 13.5 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 100 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 100 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 60 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 58 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 12.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 55 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 117 Korea, Rep. Population (millions) 48 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 99 GDP ($ billions) 888.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,690 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 81.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.8 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 19 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 47.6 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 4,448 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 571 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 63.5 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.6 13.0 Animal species, total known 512 Animal species, threatened 54 Higher plant species, total known 2,898 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.8 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,426 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 7,779 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.6 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.9 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.5 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 93.0 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 37 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 230 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,344 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 28.6 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 48 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 99 Rural (% of rural population) 71 98 Urban (% of urban population) 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.5 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.0 9.3 118 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Kuwait 18 GDP ($ billions) 80.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,630 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 98.3 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 9 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 72.2 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 31,893 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 287 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.3 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­4.7 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 381 Animal species, threatened 23 Higher plant species, total known 234 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.9 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 11,100 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,345 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 1.0 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 40.4 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 128.8 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 101 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 349 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 52 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.2 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 119 Kyrgyz Republic Population (millions) 5.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 192 GDP ($ billions) 2.8 Europe & Central Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 500 4,815 649 Urban population (% of total) 36.0 63.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.7 0.2 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 0.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 56 28 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 73.8 10.9 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 223 400 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 257 129 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 4.5 38.3 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.3 ­0.0 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.7 7.0 9.9 Animal species, total known 265 Animal species, threatened 22 Higher plant species, total known 4,500 Higher plant species, threatened 14 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.2 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 544 2,826 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.1 2.2 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,842 3,633 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 13.1 66.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 86.9 17.5 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.8 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.1 7.1 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­54.5 ­30.2 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 24 29 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 39 152 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,041 11,473 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 21.7 7.5 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 94 59 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 77 92 75 Rural (% of rural population) 66 80 69 Urban (% of urban population) 98 99 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 85 38 Rural (% of rural population) 51 70 28 Urban (% of urban population) 75 93 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 4.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 17.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 41 26 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 4.5 22.6 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 18.4 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.3 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­2.3 ­4.9 11.9 120 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lao PDR 231 GDP ($ billions) 3.4 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 500 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 21.0 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.1 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 8 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 16.5 .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 450 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 69.9 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.5 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 16.2 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known 919 Animal species, threatened 77 Higher plant species, total known 8,286 Higher plant species, threatened 21 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.1 0.9 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 3.3 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 454.0 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 47 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 33,616 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.6 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 51 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 43 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 79 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 30 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 20 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 67 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 1.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.2 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 75 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.8 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.7 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.1 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.1 28.5 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 121 Latvia Population (millions) 2.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 62 GDP ($ billions) 20.1 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,100 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 67.9 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­1.1 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­1.0 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 28 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.1 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 724 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 68 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 47.2 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 15.6 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 393 Animal species, threatened 23 Higher plant species, total known 1,153 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.4 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,050 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 30.2 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,702 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 30.4 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 67.8 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.1 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­51.1 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 15 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 323 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,259 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.8 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 13 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 96 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 78 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) 71 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 82 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.5 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 18.2 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.8 ­4.9 ­2.2 122 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Lebanon 10 GDP ($ billions) 22.7 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,580 2,507 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 86.7 57.5 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 2.6 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.9 2.0 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 38 22 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 31.3 33.8 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,358 1,050 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 289 672 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 13.3 2.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.8 ­0.4 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.7 3.4 10.9 Animal species, total known 447 Animal species, threatened 38 Higher plant species, total known 3,000 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.9 4.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,391 1,270 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.3 1.1 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,242 1,358 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 89.7 92.5 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.3 7.4 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.7 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.1 3.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 78.7 101.1 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 40 77 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 34 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,197 757 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 28.8 105.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 67 89 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 81 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 76 81 Rural (% of rural population) 87 58 60 Urban (% of urban population) 100 92 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 3.5 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30 42 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) ­4.5 .. 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 10.9 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 4.6 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 40.0 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.6 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­15.4 .. ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 123 Lesotho Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 1.5 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 980 829 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 19.0 35.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 4.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 2.6 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 77 44 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.9 3.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 488 351 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.3 26.5 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­3.2 0.7 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.2 11.3 12.8 Animal species, total known 370 Animal species, threatened 11 Higher plant species, total known 1,591 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.6 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 0.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 46.3 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 42 60 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,625 5,093 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.0 3.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 87 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 56 81 Rural (% of rural population) 76 42 71 Urban (% of urban population) 92 80 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 37 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 32 28 39 Urban (% of urban population) 61 53 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.7 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 132 157 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.8 19.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.1 10.7 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.3 3.8 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.4 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.6 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 22.4 ­10.0 18.9 124 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Liberia 96 GDP ($ billions) 631 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 58.8 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.2 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 27 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 378 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 32.7 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.7 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 15.8 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 759 Animal species, threatened 60 Higher plant species, total known 2,200 Higher plant species, threatened 46 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.5 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 0.8 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 45 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 58,109 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.1 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 55 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 61 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 52 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 72 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 27 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 7 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 49 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 39.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 235 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 125 Libya Population (millions) 6.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,760 GDP ($ billions) 50.3 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,290 2,507 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 85.1 57.5 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 2.6 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 2.0 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 9 22 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 21.9 33.8 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 671 1,050 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 51 672 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.1 2.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.4 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.1 3.4 10.9 Animal species, total known 413 Animal species, threatened 31 Higher plant species, total known 1,825 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.4 4.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,218 1,270 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.8 1.1 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,299 1,358 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 92.5 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 7.4 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.0 0.7 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.3 3.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 58.5 101.1 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 94 77 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 232 34 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 101 757 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 711.3 105.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 89 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 71 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) 68 81 78 Urban (% of urban population) 72 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 97 76 81 Rural (% of rural population) 96 58 60 Urban (% of urban population) 97 92 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 4.3 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 16.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 42 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. .. 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 10.9 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 81.3 40.0 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. .. ­2.2 126 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 35 Land area (sq. km) Liechtenstein 160 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 14.6 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 44 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 742 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 43.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 38.8 13.0 Animal species, total known 297 Animal species, threatened 6 Higher plant species, total known 1,410 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 34 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 127 Lithuania Population (millions) 3.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63 GDP ($ billions) 29.8 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,930 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 66.6 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.6 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.5 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 45 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.4 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,198 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 60 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 33.5 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.5 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 9.5 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 298 Animal species, threatened 20 Higher plant species, total known 1,796 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.6 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,515 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.3 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,104 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 23.7 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.1 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.9 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­45.4 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 19 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 426 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,569 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.7 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 7 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) .. 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.5 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.0 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.6 ­4.9 ­2.2 128 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 462 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Luxembourg 2.6 GDP ($ billions) 41.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 71,240 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 82.7 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 50 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 4,907 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 131 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 33.6 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 17.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 350 Animal species, threatened 7 Higher plant species, total known 1,246 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.7 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 10,457 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.3 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,971 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.7 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 3.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 24.9 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 13.9 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 15 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 647 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,190 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 34.7 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 19.4 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 24.6 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 129 Macao, China Population (thousands) 478 Land area (sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) .. 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 13.0 Animal species, total known 60 Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.1 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 115.0 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 134 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.4 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 130 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Macedonia, FYR 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 6.2 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,070 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 69.6 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 49 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 9.0 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 225 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 112 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 35.6 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 7.9 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 380 Animal species, threatened 34 Higher plant species, total known 3,500 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.5 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,346 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.6 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,417 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 78.5 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 21.5 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.7 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­33.0 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 20 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 150 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,655 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) .. 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) .. 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.1 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.8 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.5 ­4.9 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 131 Madagascar Population (millions) 19 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 582 GDP ($ billions) 5.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 27.1 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.8 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.9 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 70 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 30.6 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 54 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 463 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 22.1 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.4 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.1 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 427 Animal species, threatened 262 Higher plant species, total known 9,505 Higher plant species, threatened 280 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 31.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 189.9 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 35 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,077 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 4.4 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 96 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 46 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 35 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 77 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 32 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 26 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 48 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 12.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 115 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.3 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.6 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.7 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.9 ­10.0 11.9 132 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 14 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Malawi 94 GDP ($ billions) 3.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 17.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.3 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 49 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.2 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 353 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 421 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 36.2 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.9 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 20.6 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 865 Animal species, threatened 141 Higher plant species, total known 3,765 Higher plant species, threatened 14 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.1 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.08 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 73.8 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 34 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,217 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.3 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 80 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 73 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 68 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 98 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 61 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 61 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 62 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 27.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 17.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 120 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.7 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.3 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.9 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.2 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 133 Malaysia Population (millions) 26 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 329 GDP ($ billions) 150.7 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,620 1,856 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 68.2 42.4 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.3 3.5 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.3 1.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 24 51 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.8 .. 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 8,432 .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 466 547 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 63.6 28.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.5 0.1 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 30.7 12.1 10.9 Animal species, total known 1,083 Animal species, threatened 225 Higher plant species, total known 15,500 Higher plant species, threatened 686 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 14.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.9 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,389 1,182 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.5 15.5 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,262 1,492 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.4 81.9 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.6 15.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.9 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.0 3.3 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 221.1 97.7 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 25 73 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 225 14 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 22,609 5,022 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.6 11.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 62 74 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 79 93 Rural (% of rural population) 96 70 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 92 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 51 81 Rural (% of rural population) 93 36 60 Urban (% of urban population) 95 72 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 29 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.7 47.2 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.8 2.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 22.1 7.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.2 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 1.3 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.3 28.5 ­2.2 134 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 300 Land area (sq. km) Maldives 300 GDP ($ millions) 927 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,010 768 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 30.1 28.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 2.7 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.1 1.8 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 47 55 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 39.2 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 220 1,391 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 5,197 619 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 3.3 16.8 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 6.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 181 Animal species, threatened 14 Higher plant species, total known 583 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 4.6 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 453 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 31.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 432 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 79.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 16.7 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.6 0.5 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.5 1.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 371.4 97.0 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 35 81 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 6 8 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 1,230 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 51.8 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 90 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 84 81 Rural (% of rural population) 76 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 98 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 42 27 39 Urban (% of urban population) 100 63 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 22.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 7.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30 83 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.7 32.1 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.5 8.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.0 3.5 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.5 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.8 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 31.5 18.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 135 Mali Population (millions) 12 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,220 GDP ($ billions) 5.9 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 31.1 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.6 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.8 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 32 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.9 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 168 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 10.3 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.7 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.8 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 758 Animal species, threatened 21 Higher plant species, total known 1,741 Higher plant species, threatened 6 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.05 0.57 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.05 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 33.9 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 171 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,167 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 10.9 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 50 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 36 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 78 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 46 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 39 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 59 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 217 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.8 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.8 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.0 ­10.0 11.9 136 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 406 Land area (sq. km) Malta 320 GDP ($ billions) 6.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,310 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 95.5 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.8 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 31 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 18.2 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 773 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 211 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 15.6 13.0 Animal species, total known 391 Animal species, threatened 20 Higher plant species, total known 914 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 8.7 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,352 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,917 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.1 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 9.9 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 523 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 248 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 50.5 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 20 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.4 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.3 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 137 Marshall Islands Population (thousands) 65 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ millions) 155 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,980 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 66.9 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 78 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 5 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,053 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 420.6 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 61 Animal species, threatened 15 Higher plant species, total known 100 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 96 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 82 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 82 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 58 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 93 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 56 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.6 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 18.9 138 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Mauritania 1,031 GDP ($ billions) 2.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 40.6 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.8 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 39 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 9.8 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 353 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.3 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 2.9 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.2 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 615 Animal species, threatened 44 Higher plant species, total known 1,100 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.5 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­3.1 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 104 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 135 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 425.0 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 88 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 53 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 44 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 59 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 8 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 49 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 125 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 27.5 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 24.2 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 2.8 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­7.0 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 139 Mauritius Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 6.3 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,430 829 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 42.5 35.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 4.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 2.6 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 56 44 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 20.8 3.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,575 .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 716 351 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 18.2 26.5 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.4 0.7 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.3 11.3 10.9 Animal species, total known 151 Animal species, threatened 65 Higher plant species, total known 750 Higher plant species, threatened 88 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.6 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.6 0.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 118.5 46.3 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 17 60 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 96 .. 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,252 5,093 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 21.8 3.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 87 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 56 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 42 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 80 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 37 81 Rural (% of rural population) 94 28 60 Urban (% of urban population) 95 53 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 157 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.9 19.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.5 10.7 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 3.8 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.8 ­10.0 ­2.2 140 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 187 Land area (sq. km) Mayotte 374 GDP ($ billions) .. Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 829 5,913 Urban population (% of total) .. 35.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 4.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 2.6 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 53 44 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 351 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 13.4 26.5 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.2 0.7 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 11.3 10.9 Animal species, total known .. Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.6 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 0.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 46.3 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 60 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,093 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 3.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 87 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 56 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 42 78 Urban (% of urban population) .. 80 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 37 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 28 60 Urban (% of urban population) .. 53 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 157 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.7 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.8 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 18.7 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 141 Mexico Population (millions) 104 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,944 GDP ($ billions) 839.2 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,830 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 76.3 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.7 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 55 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 22.8 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 692 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 99 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 33.0 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.5 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.1 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 1,570 Animal species, threatened 579 Higher plant species, total known 26,071 Higher plant species, threatened 261 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 75.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.6 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,712 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.7 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,899 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 79.4 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 11.8 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.3 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 5.9 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 40 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 137 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,967 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 19.1 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 77 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 87 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 79 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 41 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 91 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.7 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 35 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.2 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.4 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 10.6 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.1 1.8 ­2.2 142 2008 The Little Green Data Book Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Population (thousands) 111 Land area (sq. km) 700 GDP ($ millions) 245 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,390 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 22.4 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.0 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 44 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 2,851 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 90.0 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 7.3 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 105 Animal species, threatened 31 Higher plant species, total known 1,194 Higher plant species, threatened 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 94 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 94 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 95 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 28 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 14 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 61 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 41 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.7 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 143 Moldova Population (millions) 3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 33 GDP ($ billions) 3.4 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,080 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 47.0 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.8 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.8 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 77 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 10.7 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 149 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 112 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 10.0 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.2 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.4 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 253 Animal species, threatened 28 Higher plant species, total known 1,752 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.4 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 917 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.1 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,428 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.4 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.6 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.0 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.0 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­67.8 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 38 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 70 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 258 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 231.0 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 33 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 88 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 97 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 68 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 52 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 86 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 7.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 7.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 20.3 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.1 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.6 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.7 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.3 ­4.9 18.9 144 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 33 Land area (sq. km) Monaco 2.0 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) .. 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.0 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 51.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 16 Animal species, threatened 9 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 145 Mongolia Population (millions) 2.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,567 GDP ($ billions) 3.1 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,000 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 56.9 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 83 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 7.0 .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 37 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 95 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 6.5 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.8 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 13.9 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known 527 Animal species, threatened 38 Higher plant species, total known 2,823 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.4 0.9 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.4 3.3 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­14.4 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 64 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 28 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 13,626 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.3 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 52 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 62 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 30 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 87 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 37 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 75 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 2.3 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 43 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 45.3 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.9 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 26.4 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.5 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.7 28.5 11.9 146 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 601 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Montenegro 14 GDP ($ billions) 2.5 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,130 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) .. 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) .. 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known .. Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) .. 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­4.9 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 147 Morocco Population (millions) 30 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 446 GDP ($ billions) 65.4 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,160 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 59.3 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.5 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 68 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 15.4 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 426 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 147 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 9.8 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.1 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 559 Animal species, threatened 76 Higher plant species, total known 3,675 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.8 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 458 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.3 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 644 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 92.8 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.3 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.4 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 75.2 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 22 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 46 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 962 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 43.4 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 56 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 73 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 52 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 88 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 12.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 37 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 35.0 .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.5 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.5 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.8 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 29.4 .. 18.9 148 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Mozambique 21 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 786 GDP ($ billions) 6.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 310 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 35.3 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 62 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.6 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 16 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 306 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 24.5 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.3 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.8 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 913 Animal species, threatened 93 Higher plant species, total known 5,692 Higher plant species, threatened 46 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 8.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 1.4 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 497 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 85.4 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 450 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.2 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.8 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 117.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 28 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,885 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.6 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 87 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 43 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 26 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 72 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 32 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 19 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 53 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.7 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 138 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 3.5 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.5 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 11.5 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­13.8 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 149 Myanmar Population (millions) 48 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 658 GDP ($ billions) .. East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 31.3 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 17 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 17.0 .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 331 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 49.0 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.3 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.4 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,335 Animal species, threatened 118 Higher plant species, total known 7,000 Higher plant species, threatened 38 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 10.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.7 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 307 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 69.6 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 82 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 50.2 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 49.8 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.9 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 3.3 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 128.7 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 63 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 4 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,358 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 3.8 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 78 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 77 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 80 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 77 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 72 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 88 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 2.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 104 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.8 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 11.9 150 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Namibia 823 GDP ($ billions) 6.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,210 829 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 35.7 35.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.9 4.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.3 2.6 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 47 44 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.0 3.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 19 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 161 351 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 9.3 26.5 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.9 0.7 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.6 11.3 12.8 Animal species, total known 811 Animal species, threatened 55 Higher plant species, total known 3,174 Higher plant species, threatened 24 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.7 2.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 683 681 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.5 56.3 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,428 542 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 3.0 76.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 97.0 20.1 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.6 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 0.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 46.3 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 42 60 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 42 .. 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,070 5,093 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 4.8 3.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 87 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 87 56 81 Rural (% of rural population) 81 42 71 Urban (% of urban population) 98 80 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 25 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 13 28 39 Urban (% of urban population) 50 53 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 61 157 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 42.7 19.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.0 10.7 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.3 3.8 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 5.2 2.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 33.4 ­10.0 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 151 Nepal Population (millions) 28 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 143 GDP ($ billions) 8.9 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 768 649 Urban population (% of total) 16.3 28.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 6.1 2.7 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.3 1.8 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 30 55 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 47.0 39.2 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 96 1,391 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 968 619 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 25.4 16.8 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.9 ­0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 18.6 6.0 9.9 Animal species, total known 455 Animal species, threatened 72 Higher plant species, total known 6,973 Higher plant species, threatened 7 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.8 4.6 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 338 453 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 86.6 31.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 70 432 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.2 79.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.8 16.7 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.1 0.5 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 1.1 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 382.6 97.0 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 36 81 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 3 8 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 7,315 1,230 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 5.1 51.8 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 96 90 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 84 75 Rural (% of rural population) 89 81 69 Urban (% of urban population) 96 94 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 35 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 30 27 28 Urban (% of urban population) 62 63 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 23.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 27.5 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 59 83 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.0 32.1 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.6 8.9 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 3.5 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.5 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.1 0.5 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.8 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 20.5 18.8 11.9 152 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Netherlands 16 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 34 GDP ($ billions) 662.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,050 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 80.7 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.6 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 57 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 60.2 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 6,231 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 356 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 10.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 28.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 539 Animal species, threatened 26 Higher plant species, total known 1,221 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.9 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,015 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.2 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,988 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 86.9 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.1 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 0.7 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 35 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 429 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 674 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 72.2 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 34 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 28.7 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.5 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.2 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.5 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.0 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 153 Netherlands Antilles Population (thousands) 189 Land area (sq. km) 800 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 70.7 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.2 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.1 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 10 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 690 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.3 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 13.0 Animal species, total known 300 Animal species, threatened 26 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 8,890 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,172 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 22.2 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 239.9 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 30 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 360 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 154 2008 The Little Green Data Book New Caledonia Population (thousands) 238 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 64.1 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 14 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 100.0 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 3,207 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,419 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 39.2 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 7.4 13.0 Animal species, total known 178 Animal species, threatened 51 Higher plant species, total known 3,250 Higher plant species, threatened 219 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 8.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.2 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 59.8 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 66 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.8 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 155 New Zealand Population (millions) 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 268 GDP ($ billions) 104.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,750 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 86.3 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 65 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 11.4 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 7,026 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 38 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 31.0 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.5 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 24.2 13.0 Animal species, total known 424 Animal species, threatened 124 Higher plant species, total known 2,382 Higher plant species, threatened 21 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 22.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.0 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,090 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.1 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 9,656 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 35.6 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 54.6 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 39.3 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 15 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 607 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 79,102 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.6 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 42 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.2 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.7 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.5 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.4 9.3 156 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Nicaragua 121 GDP ($ billions) 5.3 Latin Lower America & middle Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 59.4 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 44 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.8 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 292 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 116 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 42.7 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.5 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 23.1 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 813 Animal species, threatened 59 Higher plant species, total known 7,590 Higher plant species, threatened 39 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.3 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 611 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 50.5 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 414 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 69.8 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 15.1 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 51.4 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 30 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 18 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 34,727 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.7 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 83 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 63 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 90 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 34 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 56 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 31.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 14.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 36 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.6 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.5 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.0 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 5.3 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 157 Niger Population (millions) 14 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,267 GDP ($ billions) 3.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 17.0 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.1 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.5 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 30 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 3 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 76 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.0 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 2.8 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 7.7 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 616 Animal species, threatened 20 Higher plant species, total known 1,460 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.09 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 15.7 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 149 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 4 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 264 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 62.3 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 46 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 36 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 80 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 13 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 4 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 43 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 11.8 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 40.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 253 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.4 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.3 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.6 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 158 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 145 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Nigeria 911 GDP ($ billions) 115.3 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 49.0 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.8 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 81 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.8 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 67 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 229 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 12.2 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 2.9 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.0 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,189 Animal species, threatened 79 Higher plant species, total known 4,715 Higher plant species, threatened 171 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 6.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.1 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 734 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 78.0 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 127 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 66.2 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 33.8 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.6 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 151.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 62 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 17 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,563 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 3.6 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 69 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 48 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 31 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 67 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 44 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 36 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 53 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 15.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 191 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 38.8 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 57.7 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­29.6 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 159 Northern Mariana Islands Population (thousands) 82 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ billions) .. Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,856 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 94.7 42.4 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 3.5 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 7 51 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 442 547 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 71.7 28.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.4 0.1 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.2 12.1 10.9 Animal species, total known 99 Animal species, threatened 30 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.9 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 3.3 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 97.7 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 79 93 Rural (% of rural population) 97 70 78 Urban (% of urban population) 98 92 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 51 81 Rural (% of rural population) 96 36 60 Urban (% of urban population) 94 72 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 29 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 7.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.2 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 ­2.2 160 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Norway 304 GDP ($ billions) 334.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 68,440 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 77.5 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.6 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 3 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,909 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 121 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 30.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.2 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.5 13.0 Animal species, total known 525 Animal species, threatened 32 Higher plant species, total known 1,715 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.8 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,948 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 4.1 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 25,137 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.4 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 98.9 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 19.1 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 163.7 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 20 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 439 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 82,625 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.6 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 11 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 38.8 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.3 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 23.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 9.2 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 161 Oman Population (millions) 2.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 310 GDP ($ billions) 30.8 Middle Upper East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,120 2,507 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 71.5 57.5 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 2.6 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 2.0 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 6 22 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 90.0 33.8 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 6,168 1,050 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,152 672 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 0.0 2.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.4 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.1 3.4 10.9 Animal species, total known 557 Animal species, threatened 50 Higher plant species, total known 1,204 Higher plant species, threatened 6 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.7 4.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,570 1,270 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 1.1 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,757 1,358 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 92.5 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 7.4 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.7 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.5 3.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 200.8 101.1 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 132 77 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 156 34 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 399 757 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 136.0 105.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 90 89 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 89 93 Rural (% of rural population) 73 81 78 Urban (% of urban population) 85 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 76 81 Rural (% of rural population) 61 58 60 Urban (% of urban population) 97 92 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.2 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.7 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 42 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. .. 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.9 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 4.6 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 40.0 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.6 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. .. ­2.2 162 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 159 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Pakistan 771 GDP ($ billions) 126.8 South Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 800 768 649 Urban population (% of total) 35.3 28.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.3 2.7 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 1.8 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 35 55 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 85.4 39.2 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,913 1,391 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 477 619 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 2.5 16.8 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.9 ­0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 9.5 6.0 9.9 Animal species, total known 820 Animal species, threatened 78 Higher plant species, total known 4,950 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.5 4.6 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 490 453 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 35.5 31.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 456 432 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 64.5 79.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 32.9 16.7 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.5 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 1.1 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 84.6 97.0 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 120 81 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 10 8 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 336 1,230 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 323.3 51.8 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 96 90 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 84 75 Rural (% of rural population) 89 81 69 Urban (% of urban population) 96 94 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 59 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 41 27 28 Urban (% of urban population) 92 63 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 24.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 26.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 97 83 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.1 32.1 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 8.9 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 1.8 3.5 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.2 4.5 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.5 0.8 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.8 18.8 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 163 Palau Population (thousands) 20 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) 157 Upper East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,990 1,856 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 69.7 42.4 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 3.5 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 20 51 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 153 547 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 87.0 28.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.3 0.1 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 12.1 10.9 Animal species, total known 120 Animal species, threatened 22 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.0 0.9 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 11.9 3.3 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 97.7 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 79 93 Rural (% of rural population) 94 70 78 Urban (% of urban population) 79 92 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 51 81 Rural (% of rural population) 52 36 60 Urban (% of urban population) 96 72 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11 29 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.2 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 ­2.2 164 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Panama 74 GDP ($ billions) 17.1 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,000 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 71.6 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.7 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.9 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 30 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.2 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 343 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 172 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 57.7 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 17.6 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 1,145 Animal species, threatened 121 Higher plant species, total known 9,915 Higher plant species, threatened 194 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 11.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 10.5 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 804 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.1 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,500 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 35.7 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 63.9 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.8 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 80.8 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 35 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 73 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 45,613 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.6 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 28 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 90 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 79 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 73 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 51 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 89 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 12.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.6 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.3 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 10.2 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 165 Papua New Guinea Population (millions) 6.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 453 GDP ($ billions) 5.7 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 740 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 13.5 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 2 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 714 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 2,190 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 65.0 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.5 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.6 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known 980 Animal species, threatened 158 Higher plant species, total known 11,544 Higher plant species, threatened 142 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 27.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.9 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 3.3 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 0.8 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 24 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 131,967 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 39 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 32 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 88 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 44 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 41 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 67 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 12.6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 16.5 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 73 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 23.8 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 48.5 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 11.9 166 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 6.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Paraguay 397 GDP ($ billions) 9.3 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,410 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 59.1 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.4 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.2 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 61 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.7 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 542 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 58 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 46.5 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.9 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.2 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 864 Animal species, threatened 39 Higher plant species, total known 7,851 Higher plant species, threatened 10 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.7 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 674 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 54.8 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 849 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.0 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 100.0 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.7 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 84.8 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 84 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 15,936 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.5 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 71 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 86 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 68 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 80 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 61 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 94 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 17.3 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 16.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 7.3 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.9 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.5 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 167 Peru Population (millions) 28 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,280 GDP ($ billions) 92.4 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,980 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 72.8 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.5 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 17 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 27.8 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 817 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 202 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 53.7 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.1 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 16.9 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 2,222 Animal species, threatened 238 Higher plant species, total known 17,144 Higher plant species, threatened 274 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 36.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 12.7 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 506 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.4 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 848 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 21.1 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 78.3 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 49.7 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 61 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 30 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 59,250 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.2 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 65 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 89 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 63 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 32 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 74 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.4 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 15.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.1 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.2 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 14.8 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­3.4 1.8 18.9 168 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 86 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Philippines 298 GDP ($ billions) 117.6 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,390 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 63.4 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.8 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.1 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 41 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 14.5 .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,426 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 553 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 24.0 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 2.6 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 8.2 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 812 Animal species, threatened 253 Higher plant species, total known 8,931 Higher plant species, threatened 213 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 33.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.6 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 528 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 24.4 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 588 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 67.7 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.8 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 83.2 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 26 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 9 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,664 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.0 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 82 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 87 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 72 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 59 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 80 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 7.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.5 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.4 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.7 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.2 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 21.7 28.5 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 169 Poland Population (millions) 38 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 306 GDP ($ billions) 338.7 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,210 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 62.2 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.0 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 52 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.6 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,281 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 119 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 30.0 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.2 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 23.1 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 534 Animal species, threatened 38 Higher plant species, total known 2,450 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.6 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,436 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 5.1 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,437 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 97.3 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.4 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.0 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­11.7 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 37 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 323 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,404 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 30.2 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 8 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) .. 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.8 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.8 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.4 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.3 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.8 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.8 ­4.9 ­2.2 170 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 11 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Portugal 92 GDP ($ billions) 194.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,850 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 58.2 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 40 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 23.8 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,709 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 354 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 41.3 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.3 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.1 13.0 Animal species, total known 606 Animal species, threatened 147 Higher plant species, total known 5,050 Higher plant species, threatened 16 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.7 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,575 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.8 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,663 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.5 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.2 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.6 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 39.1 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 28 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 471 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,602 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 29.6 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 78 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.7 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 17.4 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.7 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.1 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 171 Puerto Rico Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8.9 GDP ($ billions) 67.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,950 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 97.8 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.7 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 25 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 15.7 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 132 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 46.0 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.5 13.0 Animal species, total known 348 Animal species, threatened 47 Higher plant species, total known 2,493 Higher plant species, threatened 53 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.5 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 21 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,815 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 172 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 821 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Qatar 11 GDP ($ billions) 42.5 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 95.5 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.7 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.5 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 6 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 61.9 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 4,083 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 203 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 159 Animal species, threatened 13 Higher plant species, total known 355 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.6 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 19,877 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 16,801 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 1.0 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 69.2 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 334.0 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 54 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 335 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 126 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 290.0 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 72 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 173 Romania Population (millions) 22 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 230 GDP ($ billions) 121.6 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,830 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 53.9 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.5 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.5 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 63 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.5 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 497 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 108 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 27.7 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.5 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 466 Animal species, threatened 64 Higher plant species, total known 3,400 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.3 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,772 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 8.5 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,342 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 56.6 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 34.0 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.5 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.2 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­41.7 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 14 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 149 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,955 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 54.8 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 57 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 57 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 16 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 91 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 89 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.0 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.3 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 4.5 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­1.2 ­4.9 ­2.2 174 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Russian Federation 143 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 16,381 GDP ($ billions) 986.9 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,770 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 72.9 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.3 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.2 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 13 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3.6 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 159 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 32 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 49.4 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 7.9 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 941 Animal species, threatened 153 Higher plant species, total known 11,400 Higher plant species, threatened 7 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 37.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.6 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 4,517 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.1 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,785 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 65.8 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 18.2 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 1.0 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 10.6 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­32.6 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 19 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 161 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 30,127 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.8 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 18 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 97 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 88 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 87 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) 70 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 93 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 30.7 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.0 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 37.5 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.9 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.4 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­13.8 ­4.9 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 175 Rwanda Population (millions) 9.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 2.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 20.2 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 9.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 79 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.6 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 621 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 19.5 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­2.8 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 7.9 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 871 Animal species, threatened 49 Higher plant species, total known 2,288 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.09 0.57 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.06 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 8.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 28 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,029 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.6 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 74 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 69 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 92 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 42 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 38 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 56 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 17.1 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 14.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 160 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 13.9 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.4 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.3 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 7.3 ­10.0 11.9 176 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 185 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Samoa 2.8 GDP ($ millions) 424 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,270 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 22.6 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 33 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 18 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 476 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 60.4 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.8 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.2 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 55 Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 20.6 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 87 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 90 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 100 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 100 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 177 San Marino Population (thousands) 29 Land area (sq. km) 60 GDP ($ billions) 1.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 45,130 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 97.5 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 17 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 79 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 13.0 Animal species, total known 9 Animal species, threatened 0 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 10 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 178 2008 The Little Green Data Book São Tomé and Principe Population (thousands) 155 Land area (sq. km) 960 GDP ($ millions) 123 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 800 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 58.8 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.7 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 59 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 18.2 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 712 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.1 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 126 Animal species, threatened 28 Higher plant species, total known 895 Higher plant species, threatened 35 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.5 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 38.9 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 49 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 14,415 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 73 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 89 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 25 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 20 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 32 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 5.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 96 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.1 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 179 Saudi Arabia Population (millions) 24 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,000 GDP ($ billions) 349.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,980 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 81.2 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) .. 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 42.7 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 939 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 126 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.4 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 41.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 527 Animal species, threatened 45 Higher plant species, total known 2,028 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.5 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,068 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,813 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.7 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 13.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 21.0 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 120 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 415 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 104 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 721.7 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 99 Rural (% of rural population) 63 98 Urban (% of urban population) 97 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.2 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 180 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 12 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Senegal 193 GDP ($ billions) 9.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 41.9 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.1 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 43 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.8 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 254 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 270 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 45.0 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.5 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.2 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 803 Animal species, threatened 55 Higher plant species, total known 2,086 Higher plant species, threatened 7 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.0 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 258 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 39.2 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 151 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 81.8 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 10.5 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 59.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 95 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,192 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 8.6 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 76 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 60 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 92 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 57 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 34 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 79 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 6.6 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 15.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 116 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.8 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.6 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.6 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 181 Serbia Population (millions) 7.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 88 GDP ($ billions) 32.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,030 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) .. 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) .. 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.1 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) .. 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) .. 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) .. 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) .. ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known .. Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) .. 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) .. 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) .. 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) .. 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­4.9 ­2.2 182 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 85 Land area (sq. km) Seychelles 460 GDP ($ millions) 775 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,870 829 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 53.4 35.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.7 4.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.2 2.6 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 13 44 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 3.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 3,905 351 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 87.0 26.5 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 8.3 11.3 10.9 Animal species, total known 263 Animal species, threatened 48 Higher plant species, total known 250 Higher plant species, threatened 45 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.5 0.6 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.6 0.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 380.6 46.3 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 60 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 74 .. 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,093 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 3.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 87 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 56 93 Rural (% of rural population) 75 42 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 80 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 37 81 Rural (% of rural population) 100 28 60 Urban (% of urban population) .. 53 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 157 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.0 19.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.1 10.7 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 3.8 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 1.6 ­10.0 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 183 Sierra Leone Population (millions) 5.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 72 GDP ($ billions) 1.5 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 240 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 41.4 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.1 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.1 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 40 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.7 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 552 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 38.5 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.7 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.5 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 823 Animal species, threatened 48 Higher plant species, total known 2,090 Higher plant species, threatened 47 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 197.8 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 57 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 2 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 28,641 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.2 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 57 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 46 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 75 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 39 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 30 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 53 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.7 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 25.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 270 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 9.7 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.5 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.5 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 1.7 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 3.5 ­10.0 11.9 184 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (sq. km) Singapore 689 GDP ($ billions) 132.2 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 28,730 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 100.0 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 1 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 0 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 2.9 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.2 13.0 Animal species, total known 473 Animal species, threatened 44 Higher plant species, total known 2,282 Higher plant species, threatened 54 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.0 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 6,933 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,358 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 12.3 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 15.9 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 40 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 101 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 138 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 47.8 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 15.0 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.8 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 34.0 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 185 Slovak Republic Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 55.0 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,610 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 56.3 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 40 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.8 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,125 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 170 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 40.1 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.0 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 22.8 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 419 Animal species, threatened 44 Higher plant species, total known 3,124 Higher plant species, threatened 2 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.5 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,496 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 2.4 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,920 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 28.5 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 14.8 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.7 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­29.5 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 16 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 222 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,339 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) 98 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 100 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.2 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 21.9 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.1 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.2 ­4.9 ­2.2 186 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Slovenia 20 GDP ($ billions) 37.3 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,660 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 51.2 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.1 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.0 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 25 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.0 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 3,716 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 557 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 62.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 14.5 13.0 Animal species, total known 437 Animal species, threatened 80 Higher plant species, total known 3,200 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.2 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,657 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.7 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,918 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 37.4 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 22.9 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.1 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­10.1 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 31 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 471 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,348 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.3 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.1 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 12.5 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 187 Solomon Islands Population (thousands) 484 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ millions) 336 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 690 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 17.3 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.2 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 3 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 2,178 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 77.6 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.6 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.1 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known 320 Animal species, threatened 61 Higher plant species, total known 3,172 Higher plant species, threatened 16 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 4.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.9 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 3.3 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 9.1 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 35 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 94,619 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 70 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 65 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 94 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 31 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 18 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 98 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 73 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.8 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 6.5 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 11.9 188 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 8.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Somalia 627 GDP ($ billions) .. Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 35.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 71 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 15.7 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 393 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 11.4 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.0 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.3 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 824 Animal species, threatened 55 Higher plant species, total known 3,028 Higher plant species, threatened 17 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 6.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 32 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 732 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 54.8 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 100 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 29 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 27 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 32 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 26 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 14 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 48 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 23.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 145 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 189 South Africa Population (millions) 47 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,214 GDP ($ billions) 255.2 Sub- Upper Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,390 829 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 59.8 35.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 4.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.9 2.6 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 82 44 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 9.5 3.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 451 .. 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 129 351 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 7.6 26.5 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.7 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 6.1 11.3 10.9 Animal species, total known 1,149 Animal species, threatened 323 Higher plant species, total known 23,420 Higher plant species, threatened 73 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 23.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.1 2.7 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,722 681 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 10.5 56.3 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 4,847 542 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 94.1 76.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.9 20.1 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.2 0.6 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.4 0.9 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 31.6 46.3 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 22 60 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 98 .. 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 955 5,093 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 27.9 3.1 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 63 87 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 88 56 93 Rural (% of rural population) 73 42 78 Urban (% of urban population) 99 80 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 65 37 81 Rural (% of rural population) 46 28 60 Urban (% of urban population) 79 53 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.2 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 69 157 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.2 19.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 10.7 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 3.8 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 3.5 18.7 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 3.1 2.3 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 0.6 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­0.3 ­10.0 ­2.2 190 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 44 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Spain 499 GDP ($ billions) 1,224.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 27,340 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 76.8 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.8 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 58 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 20.4 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,286 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 74 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 35.9 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.9 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 9.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 647 Animal species, threatened 170 Higher plant species, total known 5,050 Higher plant species, threatened 49 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 6.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 8.1 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,346 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.5 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,147 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 63.4 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.7 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 7.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 55.7 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 34 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 445 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,562 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 32.0 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 22.4 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 14.5 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.9 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.2 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 191 Sri Lanka Population (millions) 20 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 65 GDP ($ billions) 27.0 Lower South middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,310 768 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 15.1 28.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.2 2.7 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 1.8 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 36 55 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 38.8 39.2 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 3,071 1,391 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,823 619 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 29.9 16.8 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.3 ­0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 27.3 6.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 504 Animal species, threatened 177 Higher plant species, total known 3,314 Higher plant species, threatened 280 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 6.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.2 4.6 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 477 453 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 52.9 31.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 378 432 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.6 79.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 39.4 16.7 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.5 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.6 1.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 206.6 97.0 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 94 81 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 13 8 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,542 1,230 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 25.2 51.8 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 90 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 79 84 81 Rural (% of rural population) 74 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 98 94 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 91 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 89 27 39 Urban (% of urban population) 98 63 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 5.0 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13 83 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.9 32.1 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.7 8.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 3.5 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 4.5 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 0.5 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.8 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 16.7 18.8 18.9 192 2008 The Little Green Data Book St. Kitts and Nevis Population (thousands) 48 Land area (sq. km) 260 GDP ($ millions) 477 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,460 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 32.2 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.9 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 38 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 465 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 19.2 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 139 Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known 659 Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.7 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 88.9 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 18 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 99 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 95 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 96 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 96 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 21.3 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.7 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 193 St. Lucia Population (thousands) 166 Land area (sq. km) 610 GDP ($ millions) 899 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,060 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 27.7 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 33 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 16.7 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 2,983 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 27.9 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 14.6 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 175 Animal species, threatened 27 Higher plant species, total known 1,028 Higher plant species, threatened 6 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.3 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 127.3 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 30 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 98 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 98 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 89 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 89 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 89 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 2.3 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.8 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.6 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 ­2.2 194 2008 The Little Green Data Book St. Vincent & Grenadines Population (thousands) 120 Land area (sq. km) 390 GDP ($ millions) 423 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,320 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 46.3 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.6 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 26 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 12.5 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,289 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.2 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.3 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.3 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 185 Animal species, threatened 25 Higher plant species, total known 1,166 Higher plant species, threatened 5 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 145.5 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 33 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 99 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 93 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) .. 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 96 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) .. 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) ­3.6 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.9 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­10.2 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 195 Sudan Population (millions) 38 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,376 GDP ($ billions) 37.4 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 800 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 41.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.1 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.3 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 58 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 10.2 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 26 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 112 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.4 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.8 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 5.2 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,254 Animal species, threatened 47 Higher plant species, total known 3,137 Higher plant species, threatened 17 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.4 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 499 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 79.5 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 94 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 70.0 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 30.0 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.3 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 92.6 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 173 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 813 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 124.4 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 70 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 64 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 78 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 34 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 24 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 50 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 5.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 29.4 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 89 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 15.5 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.0 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 0.9 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 21.6 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­16.2 ­10.0 11.9 196 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 455 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Suriname 156 GDP ($ billions) 2.1 Latin Lower America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,210 4,785 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 74.2 77.7 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 2.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.8 1.5 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 1 36 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 75.0 12.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 504 1,003 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 197 241 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 94.7 45.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.5 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.8 19.7 12.8 Animal species, total known 877 Animal species, threatened 40 Higher plant species, total known 5,018 Higher plant species, threatened 26 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 7.0 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,198 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 14.8 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,715 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 37.0 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 57.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.7 0.3 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.1 2.5 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 26.1 29.6 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 32 37 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 171 115 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 194,489 24,471 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.8 2.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 71 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 91 81 Rural (% of rural population) 73 73 71 Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 94 77 55 Rural (% of rural population) 76 49 39 Urban (% of urban population) 99 86 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 4.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 14.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 39 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) ­10.0 22.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 12.1 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.4 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.7 3.0 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.4 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 1.8 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 197 Swaziland Population (millions) 1.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 17 GDP ($ billions) 2.6 Sub- Lower Saharan middle- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,400 829 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 24.4 35.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.8 4.1 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 2.6 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 81 44 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 26.0 3.5 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 482 351 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 31.5 26.5 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.9 0.7 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.5 11.3 12.8 Animal species, total known 614 Animal species, threatened 16 Higher plant species, total known 2,715 Higher plant species, threatened 11 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.6 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.9 0.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 125.0 46.3 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 31 60 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 40 .. 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,299 5,093 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 40.1 3.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 97 87 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 62 56 81 Rural (% of rural population) 54 42 71 Urban (% of urban population) 87 80 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 48 37 55 Rural (% of rural population) 44 28 39 Urban (% of urban population) 59 53 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 10.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 164 157 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 18.6 19.4 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.4 10.7 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.2 3.8 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 14.1 ­10.0 18.9 198 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 9.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Sweden 410 GDP ($ billions) 383.8 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,530 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 84.3 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.5 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 8 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 4.3 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 889 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 53 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 67.1 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.0 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 10.9 13.0 Animal species, total known 542 Animal species, threatened 30 Higher plant species, total known 1,750 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.5 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 5,782 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 17.2 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 15,440 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.5 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 46.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.9 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 7.2 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 12 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 460 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 18,949 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.7 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 9 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 24.8 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 7.3 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.5 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 19.4 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 199 Switzerland Population (millions) 7.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 40 GDP ($ billions) 380.4 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 58,050 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 75.6 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.7 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 38 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.8 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,230 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 450 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 30.5 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.4 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 29.6 13.0 Animal species, total known 475 Animal species, threatened 44 Higher plant species, total known 3,030 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 9.6 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,651 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 7.1 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 8,305 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 1.8 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 54.1 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.2 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.5 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­5.3 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 25 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 520 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 5,432 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.4 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 2 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 13.5 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.1 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 200 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Syrian Arab Republic 19 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 184 GDP ($ billions) 33.4 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,560 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 50.8 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.9 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 76 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 24.3 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 985 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 192 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 2.5 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.4 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.5 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 432 Animal species, threatened 59 Higher plant species, total known 3,000 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.9 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.2 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 948 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,411 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 90.1 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 9.9 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.9 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.7 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 90.4 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 79 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 12 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 370 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 285.0 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 87 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 98 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 90 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 81 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 99 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 18.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 14 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 17.6 .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 31.7 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.2 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­24.0 .. 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 201 Tajikistan Population (millions) 6.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 140 GDP ($ billions) 2.8 Europe & Central Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 4,815 649 Urban population (% of total) 24.6 63.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.1 0.2 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 0.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 30 28 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 68.3 10.9 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 400 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 530 129 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 2.9 38.3 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.0 ­0.0 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 18.6 7.0 9.9 Animal species, total known 427 Animal species, threatened 27 Higher plant species, total known 5,000 Higher plant species, threatened 14 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.8 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 528 2,826 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 2.2 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,267 3,633 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 2.3 66.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 97.7 17.5 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.8 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 7.1 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­78.7 ­30.2 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 52 29 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 152 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 10,122 11,473 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 18.0 7.5 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 92 59 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 59 92 75 Rural (% of rural population) 48 80 69 Urban (% of urban population) 92 99 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 51 85 38 Rural (% of rural population) 45 70 28 Urban (% of urban population) 70 93 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 1.4 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 68 26 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 12.2 22.6 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.3 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.2 4.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.6 18.4 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.5 ­4.9 11.9 202 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 39 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Tanzania 886 GDP ($ billions) 12.8 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 350 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 24.6 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.4 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.7 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 39 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1.8 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 104 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 317 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 39.8 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.1 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 42.3 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,431 Animal species, threatened 299 Higher plant species, total known 10,008 Higher plant species, threatened 240 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 15.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 1.8 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 530 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 92.1 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 61 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 41.4 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 58.6 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.1 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.1 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 86.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 24 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,183 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.2 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 89 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 62 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 49 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 85 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 47 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 43 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 53 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 8.1 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 12.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 118 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 11.4 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.4 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 4.7 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 0.6 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 203 Thailand Population (millions) 63 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 511 GDP ($ billions) 206.3 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,050 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 32.6 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.0 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 36 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 28.2 .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,214 .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 300 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.4 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.6 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 15.7 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 1,271 Animal species, threatened 157 Higher plant species, total known 11,625 Higher plant species, threatened 86 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 8.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.4 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,588 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 16.5 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,988 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 93.1 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 4.4 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.6 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 4.3 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 179.8 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 77 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 54 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,333 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 41.5 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 99 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 100 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 98 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 99 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 99 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 98 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 32.1 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.2 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.7 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 5.8 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.0 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 18.1 28.5 18.9 204 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Timor-Leste 1.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15 GDP ($ millions) 356 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 840 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 26.9 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.6 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 23 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 588 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 53.7 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.3 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 12.6 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known .. Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.08 0.90 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 3.3 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 56 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 77 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 36 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 33 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 66 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 14.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 55 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 104.5 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 3.3 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 205 Togo Population (millions) 6.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 54 GDP ($ billions) 2.2 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 350 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 40.8 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.0 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 67 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.3 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 82 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 150 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 7.1 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 3.8 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 11.9 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 740 Animal species, threatened 33 Higher plant species, total known 3,085 Higher plant species, threatened 10 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.3 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 320 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 79.4 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 94 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 60.4 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 39.6 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.5 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 207.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 36 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,843 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.5 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 45 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 52 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 36 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 80 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 35 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 15 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 71 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 31.1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 108 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.8 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.5 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.3 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 2.8 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 206 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 100 Land area (sq. km) Tonga 720 GDP ($ millions) 223 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,250 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 24.3 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.8 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 42 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 503 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 5.6 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 8.6 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 51 Animal species, threatened 17 Higher plant species, total known 463 Higher plant species, threatened 4 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.6 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 52.4 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 100 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 100 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 96 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 98 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.3 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.7 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.4 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 207 Trinidad and Tobago Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.1 GDP ($ billions) 18.1 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,500 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 12.5 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.9 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.5 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 26 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3.3 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 8,913 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,550 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 44.1 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.3 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.7 13.0 Animal species, total known 551 Animal species, threatened 38 Higher plant species, total known 2,259 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 1.6 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 9,599 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.2 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 5,038 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 99.7 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.7 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 24.7 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 92.4 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 107 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,871 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 8.2 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 6 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 91 99 Rural (% of rural population) 88 98 Urban (% of urban population) 92 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 38 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 71.7 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.6 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 208 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 10 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Tunisia 155 GDP ($ billions) 30.3 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,970 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 65.7 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.4 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 63 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 7.4 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 644 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 128 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 6.8 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­3.4 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.5 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known 438 Animal species, threatened 52 Higher plant species, total known 2,196 Higher plant species, threatened 0 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.5 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 7.6 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 843 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 13.3 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,194 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 98.6 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.1 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.4 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 2.3 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 72.5 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 32 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 83 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 419 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 62.9 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 82 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 93 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 82 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 85 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 65 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 96 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 5.8 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 26.9 .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.4 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.7 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 7.4 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 13.4 .. 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 209 Turkey Population (millions) 73 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 770 GDP ($ billions) 402.7 Europe & Upper Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,400 4,815 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 67.8 63.8 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.5 0.2 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 0.1 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 54 28 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 19.6 10.9 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 852 400 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 99 129 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 13.2 38.3 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.3 ­0.0 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 2.6 7.0 10.9 Animal species, total known 581 Animal species, threatened 121 Higher plant species, total known 8,650 Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 6.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.6 3.3 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,182 2,826 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 6.3 2.2 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,898 3,633 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 75.4 66.1 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 24.4 17.5 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.4 0.8 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 3.2 7.1 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 54.6 ­30.2 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 43 29 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 80 152 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 3,150 11,473 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 16.5 7.5 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 74 59 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 92 93 Rural (% of rural population) 93 80 78 Urban (% of urban population) 98 99 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 88 85 81 Rural (% of rural population) 72 70 60 Urban (% of urban population) 96 93 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 29.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 29.7 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 16.6 22.6 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.7 10.3 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 3.5 4.1 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 18.4 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 1.1 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.5 1.1 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.2 0.5 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.2 ­4.9 ­2.2 210 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) Turkmenistan 4.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) 10.5 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 650 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 46.6 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.8 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 70 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 79.5 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 113 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 8.8 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.2 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 421 Animal species, threatened 44 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 3 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,381 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,731 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 8.7 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 30.4 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 56 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 290 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1,760.7 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 98 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 72 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 54 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 93 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 62 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 50 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 77 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 1.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 3.2 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 51 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 11.0 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.9 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.0 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­4.9 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 211 Uganda Population (millions) 30 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 197 GDP ($ billions) 9.4 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 12.7 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.1 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.2 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 64 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 0.1 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 11 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 469 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 18.4 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 2.0 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 32.6 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,375 Animal species, threatened 131 Higher plant species, total known 4,900 Higher plant species, threatened 38 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.08 0.57 0.53 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.07 0.92 0.90 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 124.3 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 12 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,347 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 0.8 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 40 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 60 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 56 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 87 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 43 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 41 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 54 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 22.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 19.6 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 134 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.7 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 7.7 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.0 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 4.5 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.3 ­10.0 11.9 212 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 47 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Ukraine 579 GDP ($ billions) 106.5 Europe & Lower Central middle- Country Asia income data group groupv GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,940 4,815 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 68.0 63.8 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.5 0.2 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) ­0.6 0.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 71 28 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.6 10.9 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 186 400 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 47 129 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 16.5 38.3 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.2 ­0.0 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 3.3 7.0 12.8 Animal species, total known 445 Animal species, threatened 58 Higher plant species, total known 5,100 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 1.8 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,041 2,826 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.2 2.2 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 3,246 3,633 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 45.6 66.1 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.7 17.5 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 1.3 0.8 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.9 7.1 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­51.8 ­30.2 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 23 29 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 118 152 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 1,127 11,473 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 70.7 7.5 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 52 59 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 96 92 81 Rural (% of rural population) 91 80 71 Urban (% of urban population) 99 99 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 96 85 55 Rural (% of rural population) 93 70 39 Urban (% of urban population) 98 93 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24 26 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 23.2 22.6 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.6 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 9.7 18.4 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 2.8 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.5 0.5 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.1 ­4.9 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 213 United Arab Emirates Population (millions) 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 84 GDP ($ billions) 129.7 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,210 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 76.7 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.3 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.5 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 7 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 29.9 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,322 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,494 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 3.7 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­1.6 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.2 13.0 Animal species, total known 298 Animal species, threatened 27 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 2.9 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 11,436 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 13,708 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 1.2 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 37.8 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 172.7 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 135 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 228 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 49 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1,150.0 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 98 100 Rural (% of rural population) 95 .. Urban (% of urban population) 98 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 214 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) United Kingdom 61 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 242 GDP ($ billions) 2,377.0 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,560 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 89.8 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 70 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 3.0 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 2,898 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 108 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 11.8 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.6 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 25.0 13.0 Animal species, total known 660 Animal species, threatened 38 Higher plant species, total known 1,623 Higher plant species, threatened 13 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 8.1 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 3,884 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.7 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 6,253 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 74.2 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 1.2 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.3 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 9.8 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 1.3 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 16 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 457 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 2,408 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 6.6 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 3 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.2 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.2 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.3 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 2.2 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 6.9 9.3 The Little Green Data Book 2008 215 United States Population (millions) 299 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,162 GDP ($ billions) 13,163.9 High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 44,710 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 81.1 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 45 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 12.5 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,105 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 33 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 33.1 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.1 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 16.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 1,356 Animal species, threatened 937 Higher plant species, total known 19,473 Higher plant species, threatened 242 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 90.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 5.3 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 7,893 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 3.2 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 13,648 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 72.1 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 6.4 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.5 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 20.6 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 25.5 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 22 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 461 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 9,443 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 17.1 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 41 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 99 Rural (% of rural population) 100 98 Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 100 Rural (% of rural population) 100 .. Urban (% of urban population) 100 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.1 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.2 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.8 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 1.8 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.3 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 4.1 9.3 216 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 3.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Uruguay 175 GDP ($ billions) 19.3 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,310 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 92.1 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.6 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.4 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 85 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 14.9 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,356 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 19 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 8.6 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­3.5 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.4 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 532 Animal species, threatened 66 Higher plant species, total known 2,278 Higher plant species, threatened 1 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 10.6 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 875 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 15.4 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,007 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 12.5 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 87.0 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.7 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 40.0 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 161 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 151 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 17,848 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 5.3 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 96 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 100 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 100 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 100 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 100 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 99 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 100 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 14.3 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.1 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.6 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.2 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 1.9 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 2.6 1.8 ­2.2 The Little Green Data Book 2008 217 Uzbekistan Population (millions) 27 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 425 GDP ($ billions) 17.2 Europe & Central Low- Country Asia income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 4,815 649 Urban population (% of total) 36.7 63.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.1 0.2 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 0.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 66 28 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 84.9 10.9 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 400 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 352 129 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 7.7 38.3 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­0.5 ­0.0 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.8 7.0 9.9 Animal species, total known 434 Animal species, threatened 33 Higher plant species, total known 4,800 Higher plant species, threatened 15 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 1.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 1.1 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 1,798 2,826 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.0 2.2 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 1,659 3,633 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 87.2 66.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 12.8 17.5 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 2.8 0.8 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 5.3 7.1 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 6.6 ­30.2 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 61 29 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 152 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 623 11,473 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 357.9 7.5 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 93 59 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 82 92 75 Rural (% of rural population) 75 80 69 Urban (% of urban population) 95 99 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 67 85 38 Rural (% of rural population) 61 70 28 Urban (% of urban population) 78 93 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 5.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 43 26 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 36.0 22.6 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 8.7 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 9.4 4.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 18.4 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 1.1 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 6.3 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.5 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­4.9 11.9 218 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (thousands) 221 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Vanuatu 12 GDP ($ billions) 388 Lower East Asia middle- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,690 1,856 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 23.9 42.4 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.0 3.5 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.4 1.1 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 12 51 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. .. 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 824 547 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 36.1 28.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 1.5 12.1 12.8 Animal species, total known 130 Animal species, threatened 25 Higher plant species, total known 870 Higher plant species, threatened 10 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.2 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 3.3 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,182 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 15.5 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,492 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 81.9 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 15.6 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.1 0.9 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.4 3.3 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 33.3 97.7 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 20 73 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 5,022 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 11.1 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 74 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 60 79 81 Rural (% of rural population) 52 70 71 Urban (% of urban population) 86 92 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 50 51 55 Rural (% of rural population) 42 36 39 Urban (% of urban population) 78 72 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26 29 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 47.2 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.9 10.3 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 5.9 2.1 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 7.1 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.9 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 1.2 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 1.3 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 28.5 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 219 Venezuela, RB Population (millions) 27 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 882 GDP ($ billions) 181.9 Latin Upper America & middle- Country Caribbean income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,070 4,785 5,913 Urban population (% of total) 93.7 77.7 75.0 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.6 2.1 1.4 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.0 1.5 0.9 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 25 36 30 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 16.9 12.5 9.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 1,655 1,003 672 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 66 241 112 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 54.1 45.4 38.8 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.6 0.5 0.2 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 73.1 19.7 10.9 Animal species, total known 1,745 Animal species, threatened 166 Higher plant species, total known 21,073 Higher plant species, threatened 68 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 26.8 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 4.3 7.0 4.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 2,293 1,198 2,248 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 0.9 14.8 6.5 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 2,848 1,715 3,131 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 26.1 37.0 61.9 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 73.9 57.6 27.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.7 0.3 0.6 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 6.6 2.5 5.6 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 47.0 29.6 ­7.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 11 37 33 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 94 115 140 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 27,185 24,471 17,199 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 1.2 2.0 4.0 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 47 71 54 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 83 91 93 Rural (% of rural population) 70 73 78 Urban (% of urban population) 85 96 98 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 68 77 81 Rural (% of rural population) 48 49 60 Urban (% of urban population) 71 86 89 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 9.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21 26 26 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 39.8 22.4 22.3 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 12.0 12.1 11.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 4.4 4.4 4.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 39.8 9.1 14.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 1.1 3.0 2.0 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.0 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.4 0.7 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.4 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­9.5 1.8 ­2.2 220 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 84 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Vietnam 310 GDP ($ billions) 61.0 East Asia Low- Country & Pacific income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 700 1,856 649 Urban population (% of total) 26.9 42.4 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.3 3.5 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.5 1.1 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 31 51 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 33.7 .. 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 3,007 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 927 547 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 41.7 28.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) ­2.2 0.1 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 4.4 12.1 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,116 Animal species, threatened 152 Higher plant species, total known 10,500 Higher plant species, threatened 146 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 11.7 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 3.5 3.3 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 617 1,182 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 46.7 15.5 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 573 1,492 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 59.9 81.9 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 40.1 15.6 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.6 0.9 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.2 3.3 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 361.0 97.7 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 61 73 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 14 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 4,410 5,022 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 19.5 11.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 68 74 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 85 79 75 Rural (% of rural population) 80 70 69 Urban (% of urban population) 99 92 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 61 51 38 Rural (% of rural population) 50 36 28 Urban (% of urban population) 92 72 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 20.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 11.3 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17 29 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 37.7 47.2 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.0 10.3 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.8 2.1 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 17.9 7.1 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 0.9 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.4 0.0 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 1.1 1.2 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.6 1.3 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) 11.6 28.5 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 221 Virgin Islands (U.S.) Population (thousands) 109 Land area (sq. km) 350 GDP ($ billions) .. High- Country income data group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 36,608 Urban population (% of total) 94.4 77.6 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.7 1.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 0.3 0.7 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 17 36 Irrigated land (% of cropland) .. 11.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,188 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 315 325 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 28.6 29.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.2 ­0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.3 13.0 Animal species, total known 234 Animal species, threatened 22 Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened 11 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 0.3 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 6.0 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 5,498 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 3.2 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 9,760 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 62.5 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 11.5 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) .. 0.4 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 124.3 13.2 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 60.2 22.4 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 39 27 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. 467 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 9,579 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 10.2 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 42 Access to improved water source (% of total population) .. 99 Rural (% of rural population) .. 98 Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) .. 100 Rural (% of rural population) .. .. Urban (% of urban population) .. 100 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) .. 7 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.9 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 13.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.7 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 1.5 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.2 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.3 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. 9.3 222 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) West Bank and Gaza 3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 6.0 GDP ($ billions) 4.1 Middle Lower East & middle- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,230 2,507 2,038 Urban population (% of total) 71.7 57.5 47.3 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.4 2.6 3.0 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 4.1 2.0 1.1 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 62 22 42 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 6.8 33.8 26.3 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. 1,050 2,057 Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 962 672 531 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.5 2.4 26.5 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.4 0.1 Nationally protected area (% of land area) .. 3.4 12.8 Animal species, total known .. Animal species, threatened .. Higher plant species, total known .. Higher plant species, threatened .. GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) .. Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) .. 4.7 3.6 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. 1,270 1,216 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) .. 1.1 12.8 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) .. 1,358 1,502 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) .. 92.5 78.6 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) .. 7.4 16.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) .. 0.7 0.8 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) .. 3.9 3.4 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) .. 101.1 71.1 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) .. 77 69 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 29 34 21 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) .. 757 5,769 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) .. 105.0 7.3 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) .. 89 75 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 92 89 81 Rural (% of rural population) 88 81 71 Urban (% of urban population) 94 96 93 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 73 76 55 Rural (% of rural population) 61 58 39 Urban (% of urban population) 78 92 76 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 17.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) .. Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22 42 36 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 10.0 .. 41.4 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.1 10.9 10.4 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 2.5 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 40.0 11.1 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 1.1 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.1 0.0 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 1.1 1.2 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 1.1 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. .. 18.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 223 Yemen, Rep. Population (millions) 22 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 528 GDP ($ billions) 19.1 Middle East & Low- Country N. Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 2,507 649 Urban population (% of total) 27.7 57.5 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 5.3 2.6 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 3.6 2.0 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 34 22 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 33.0 33.8 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 18 1,050 .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 1,012 672 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 1.0 2.4 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 0.0 ­0.4 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 0.0 3.4 9.9 Animal species, total known 459 Animal species, threatened 47 Higher plant species, total known 1,650 Higher plant species, threatened 159 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 3.4 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 6.9 4.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 319 1,270 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 1.1 1.1 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 174 1,358 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 100.0 92.5 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 0.0 7.4 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 0.5 0.7 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 1.0 3.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) 120.1 101.1 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 82 77 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 19 34 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 194 757 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 161.7 105.0 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 95 89 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 67 89 75 Rural (% of rural population) 65 81 69 Urban (% of urban population) 71 96 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 43 76 38 Rural (% of rural population) 28 58 28 Urban (% of urban population) 86 92 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 24.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 27.5 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 100 42 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. .. 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 9.8 10.9 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) .. 4.6 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 42.8 40.0 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.1 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.7 1.1 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.9 0.6 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. .. 11.9 224 2008 The Little Green Data Book Population (millions) 12 Land area (1,000 sq. km) Zambia 743 GDP ($ billions) 10.7 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 35.1 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.6 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.3 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 35 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 2.9 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) .. .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 142 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 57.1 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.0 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 42.0 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 1,025 Animal species, threatened 38 Higher plant species, total known 4,747 Higher plant species, threatened 8 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 5.0 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 1.9 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 621 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 78.7 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 721 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 0.6 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 99.4 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP) 0.2 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.2 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­6.4 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 44 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) .. .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 6,987 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 2.2 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 76 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 58 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 40 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 90 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 55 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 52 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 59 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 15.0 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 21.2 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 182 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) 25.3 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) 10.1 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 2.2 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) 0.1 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) 31.0 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) 0.0 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) 0.2 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.7 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) ­14.4 ­10.0 11.9 The Little Green Data Book 2008 225 Zimbabwe Population (millions) 13 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 387 GDP ($ billions) 3.4 Sub- Saharan Low- Country Africa income data group group GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 829 649 Urban population (% of total) 36.4 35.8 30.4 Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 2.9 4.1 3.1 Population growth (average annual %, 1990­2006) 1.5 2.6 2.0 Agriculture Agricultural land (% of land area) 40 44 45 Irrigated land (% of cropland) 5.2 3.5 24.0 Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land) 339 .. .. Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land) 261 351 544 Forests and biodiversity Forest area (% of land area) 45.3 26.5 23.9 Deforestation (average annual %, 1990­2005) 1.6 0.7 0.6 Nationally protected area (% of land area) 14.9 11.3 9.9 Animal species, total known 883 Animal species, threatened 35 Higher plant species, total known 4,440 Higher plant species, threatened 17 GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0­100, median is 1.8) 2.1 Energy GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent) 0.2 2.7 3.8 Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 741 681 486 Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total) 61.9 56.3 41.7 Electric power consumption per capita (kWh) 953 542 391 Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total) 43.2 76.1 72.4 Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total) 56.8 20.1 24.8 Emissions and pollution CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $) 4.3 0.6 0.5 CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) 0.8 0.9 0.9 CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990­2004) ­36.6 46.3 55.7 Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m) 27 60 74 Passenger cars (per 1,000 people) 45 .. 8 Water and sanitation Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m) 938 5,093 3,077 Freshwater withdrawal Total (% of internal resources) 34.2 3.1 18.9 Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) 79 87 89 Access to improved water source (% of total population) 81 56 75 Rural (% of rural population) 72 42 69 Urban (% of urban population) 98 80 88 Access to improved sanitation (% of total population) 53 37 38 Rural (% of rural population) 47 28 28 Urban (% of urban population) 63 53 60 Environment and health Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5) 15.8 Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5) 13.9 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 105 157 112 National accounting aggregates Gross savings (% of GNI) .. 19.4 30.5 Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI) .. 10.7 9.0 Education expenditure (% of GNI) 6.9 3.8 3.4 Energy depletion (% of GNI) .. 18.7 9.4 Mineral depletion (% of GNI) .. 2.3 1.3 Net forest depletion (% of GNI) .. 0.4 0.6 CO2 damage (% of GNI) .. 0.6 1.0 Particulate emission damage (% of GNI) 0.1 0.4 0.7 Adjusted net savings (% of GNI) .. ­10.0 11.9 226 2008 The Little Green Data Book Glossary Access to improved sanitation is the percentage of population with adequate access to excreta disposal facilities (private or shared, but not public) that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. (World Health Organization; data are for 2004) Access to improved water source is the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a piped water into a dwelling, plot, or yard; public tap or standpipe; tubewell or borehole; protected dug well or spring; or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include an unprotected dug well or spring, cart with small tank or drum, bottled water, and tanker trucks. Reasonable access to an adequate amount means the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within 1 kilometer of the dwelling. (World Health Organization; data are for 2004) Acute respiratory infection prevalence is the percentage of children under age five with acute respiratory infection in the two weeks prior to the survey. (United Nations Children's Fund; data are for the most recent year available during 1998­2005) Adjusted net savings equal gross savings minus consumption of fixed capi- tal, plus education expenditures, minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and particulate emission and carbon dioxide damage. (World Bank; data are for 2006) Agricultural land is arable land, land under permanent crops, and perma- nent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2005) Animal species, threatened, include the number of birds and mammal species classified by the World Conservation Union as endangered, vul- nerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and World Conservation Union; data are for 2004) Animal species, total, refer to mammals (excluding whales and porpoises) and birds included within a country's breeding or wintering ranges. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and World Conservation Union; data are for 2004) The Little Green Data Book 2008 227 Glossary Carbon dioxide (CO2) damage is estimated at $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emit- ted. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2006) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions growth is the cumulative percentage change in emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. Emissions include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; data are for 1990­2004) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita are carbon dioxide emissions divided by midyear population. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, World Bank, and United Nations; data are for 2004) Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of GDP are carbon dioxide emissions in kilograms per unit of GDP in 2005 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center and World Bank; data are for 2004) Consumption of fixed capital is the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2006 from the most recent year available) Deforestation is the permanent conversion of natural forest area to other uses, including shifting cultivation, permanent agriculture, ranching, settle- ments, and infrastructure development. Deforested areas do not include areas logged but intended for regeneration or areas degraded by fuelwood gathering, acid precipitation, or forest fires. Negative numbers indicate an increase in forest areas. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 1990­2005) Diarrhea prevalence is the percentage of children under age five who had diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey. (United Nations Children's Fund; data are for the most recent year available during 1998­2005) Education expenditure is public current operating expenditures in edu- cation, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2006 from the most recent year available) Electricity generated using fossil fuel is use of coal, oil, and gas as a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005) Electricity generated by hydropower is use of hydropower as a percent- age of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005) Electric power consumption per capita is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants, minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants plus imports 228 2008 The Little Green Data Book minus exports divided by midyear population. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005) Energy depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal. (The wide range of data sources and methods used to estimate resource depletion are described in World Bank 2006; data are for 2006) Energy from biomass products and waste is energy from solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, industrial waste, and municipal waste as a percentage of total energy use. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005) Energy use per capita refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005) Fertilizer consumption is the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). The time reference for fertil- izer consumption is the crop year. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2005) Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether produc- tive or not. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2005) Freshwater withdrawal, agriculture, is withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. (World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2008, Primary data documentation) Freshwater withdrawal, total, is total water withdrawal, excluding evapora- tion losses from storage basins and including water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of internal renewable resources because river flows from other countries are not included, because extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable, or because there is significant water reuse. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators 2008, Primary data documentation.) GDP is gross domestic product and measures the total output of goods and services for final use occurring within the domestic territory of a given country, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. GDP at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2006) GDP per unit of energy use is 2005 gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms per kilogram of oil equivalent of energy The Little Green Data Book 2008 229 Glossary use. PPP GDP is GDP converted to international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States. (International Energy Agency and World Bank; data are for 2005) GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative bio- diversity potential for each country developed by the Global Environment Facility, based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index shown in the tables has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential) (World Bank; estimates are for 2005) GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) divided by midyear population. GNI is gross domestic product plus net receipts of primary income (employee compensation and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is in cur- rent U.S. dollars, converted using the World Bank Atlas method (see World Development Indicators 2008, Statistical methods). (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2006) Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public and private consumption plus net current transfers. (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2006) Higher plant species, threatened, are the number of species classified by the World Conservation Union as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indetermi- nate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and World Conservation Union; data are for 2004) Higher plant species, total known, are native vascular plant species. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre and World Conservation Union; data are for 2004) Internal freshwater resources per capita are internal renewable resources, which include flows of rivers and groundwater from rainfall in the country but excludes river flows from other countries, divided by midyear population. (Food and Agriculture Organization, World Resources Institute, and World Bank; estimates are for 2005) Irrigated land is area purposely provided with water, including land irrigated by controlled flooding. Cropland refers to arable land and land used for per- manent crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2005) Land area is a country's total land area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2006) Mineral depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It covers bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, gold, silver, and zinc. (The wide range of data sources and 230 2008 The Little Green Data Book methods used to estimate resource depletion are described in World Bank 2006; data are for 2006) Nationally protected area is totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated as national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries; protected landscapes and seascapes; and scientific reserves. It includes World Conservation Union­protected area categories I­VI. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre; data are for the most recent year available) Net forest depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth. If growth exceeds harvest, this figure is zero. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank estimates of natural growth; data are for 2006) Particulate emission damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to reduce the risk of illness and death attributable to particulate emissions. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2005) Particulate matter is fine suspended particulates of less than 10 microns in diameter that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing damage. The indicator is the population-weighted average of all cities in the country with a population greater than 100,000. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2005) Passenger cars are road motor vehicles, other than two-wheelers, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine people including the driver. (International Road Federation; data are for 2005) Population includes all residents who are present regardless of legal status or citizenship except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. (United Nations; data are midyear estimates for 2006) Population density, rural, is rural population divided by arable land area. Rural population is estimated as the difference between the total population and urban population. (See urban population; data are for 2006) Population growth is the exponential change in population for the period indicated. (United Nations; data are for 1990­2006) Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (United Nations and United Nations Children's Fund; data are for 2005) Urban population is the share of the midyear population living in areas defined as urban in each country (United Nations; data are for 2006) Urban population growth is the exponential change in urban population for the period indicated. (United Nations; data are for 1990­2006) The Little Green Data Book 2008 231 References Buys, Piet, Uwe Deichmann, Craig Meisner, Thao Ton That, and David Wheeler. 2007. "Country Stakes in Climate Negotiations: Two Dimensions of Vulnerability." Policy Research Working Paper 4300. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Cline, W. 2007. Global Warming and Agriculture: Impact Estimates by Country. Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development. Dasgupta, Susmita, Benoit Laplante, Craig Meisner, David Wheeler, and David Jianping Yan. 2007. "The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis." Policy Research Working Paper 4136. World Bank, Washington, D.C. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2007. World Energy Outlook 2007. Paris. McMichael, A. J., D. Campbell-Lendrum, S. Kovats, S. Edwards, P. Wilkinson, T. Wilson, and others. 2004. "Global Climate Change." In M. J. Ezzati and others, eds., Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Due to Selected Major Risk Factors. Geneva: World Health Organization. World Bank. 2006. Where Is the Wealth of Nations? Washington, D.C.: World Bank. WRI (World Resources Institute). 2008. Climate Analysis Indicators Tool, version 5.0. Washington, D.C. 232 2008 The Little Green Data Book 1818 H Street N.W. 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