Republic of Yemen Ministry of Public Works and Highways E4075 v15 ROAD MAINTENANCE FUND - IMPLEMENTATION UNIT. (RMF-IU) ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT-RAMP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY forENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALMANAGMENT PLAN FORTAIZ GOVERNORATE SUB-PROJECT 3(640 km) 08/07/2014 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Republic of Yemen Ministry of Public Works and Highways ROAD MAINTENANCE FUND - IMPLEMENTATION UNIT. (RMF-IU) ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT-RAMP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY for ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGMENT PLAN FOR TAIZ GOVERNORATE SUB-PROJECT 3 (640 km) Prepared by: RMF-IU July 2014 1 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) contains the results of the environmental and social impact assessment undertaken for the Backlog Repairs and Maintenance Works Phase of the sub-project no. 3 for Taiz Governorate located in the southwestern part of Yemen. This sub-project is part of the Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) implemented by the Road Maintenance Fund (RMF). This ESMP report complies with the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Policies and the Relevant Yemen Regulations. As the scope of work is limited to backlog repairs and maintenance activities, and based on the field visits’ observations, there would be no direct impacts associated with land acquisition, and no resettlement of any individuals would be experienced. Also, no adverse impacts are anticipated in respect of sensitive habitats, wildlife or cultural heritage. Accordingly, this sub-project is classified as category B. The ESMP document identifies and assesses the environmental and social risks and impacts of the sub-project. In addition, the report determines the necessary mitigation measures and summarizes the necessary management and monitoring plans to ensure that impacts are dealt with and mitigation measures are followed, and the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is applied during the project activities. The environmental and social review processes (guidelines stipulated in the OP 4.01), the environmental and social impact screening and scoping checklist for each specific road, and consultations with the PAPs were carried out between the 27th of January 2014 and the 1st of February 2014. Sub-Project Objectives The sub-project development objective is to upgrade the existing paved roads to good conditions and to prevent its deterioration. Furthermore, to improve traffic safety at critical locations, improve slope stability at mountainous roads, clean cross drainage and side ditches and remove the illegal speed bumps and build new safe speed bumps. Another objective is to alleviate poverty in the area by creating local employment through road repairs and maintenance works by improving access to basic services such as schools, health centers and markets. The backlog maintenance works of the proposed sub-project will meet the future demand for better transportation and communication between many districts and villages of Taiz Governorate, and other Governorates. In addition, keeping in view an anticipated overall development in the southern region of the country, it will reduce travel time and the cost of freight traffic between districts, cities and villages. Sub-Project Description The RAMP subproject no. 3 in the Taiz governorate is composed of 20 roads with the total length of 640.2 km. The target roads include 4 main roads, 7 secondary roads, and 9 tertiary roads. The roads serve directly the population of about 1,911,000 inhabitants in 18 districts within the sub-project area. The roads pass through different topographical regions such as: 2 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ mountainous, coastal, deserts and agricultural Wadi basins. Consequently, terrains range from flat, flat-rolling, flat-rolling- mountainous to pure mountainous. The scope of works include: structural excavation, gabions construction, construction of stone masonry with culverts and walls, installation of safety barriers and handrails, cleaning blocked drainage, repairs of riprap, road resurfacing, crack sealing, repairs and cleaning of shoulders, installation of pipe culverts, pavement marking, installation of subsoil filter drains, installation of road signs. All rehabilitation and backlog works of this sub-project will be conducted within the ROW. No additional land acquisition is required. Legal and Institutional Framework This ESMP is developed following the guidelines set forth in the ESIAF prepared in December 2012 for the RAMP, and approved by the Bank. The ESMP of this sub-project is carried out to meet the requirements of the Environment Protection Law (EPL) No. 26 of 1995 in Yemen to protect the environment, natural resources, society and health. The provisions of this framework law are implemented through Executive Regulations (By-Law 148-2000), issued by a decree of the Council of Ministers. According to the Law 26 described above, an EMP is required for road maintenance works. In addition, this ESMP report has been prepared in conformity with World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01. The sub-project is classified as category B. The OP 4.12 is not triggered for this sub-project. Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions Data regarding the baseline environmental and social conditions were collected from the existing reports, papers and publications, as well as field surveys conducted by environmental and social specialists; and public consultations carried out between the 27th of January 2014 and the 1st of February 2014. The following baseline conditions were presented: physical environment, biological environment, socio-economic aspects including health and safety. Details are presented in chapter 3. Land Use: Most of the sub-project roads that have been visited have agricultural lands on one or both sides. Most of the terrains have vegetative cover on the valley side. Agricultural and pastures activities are the major land use characteristic in the sub-project area. Climate: Arid and semi-arid type covers the coastal plains region and lower mountain slopes in the west and south, with rainy summers and a cool, moderately dry winter. Temperatures are generally high in the coastal areas, while the highlands enjoy a cool temperate. Rainfall in this area ranges from 70-800 mm/year. In most areas the rainfall is insufficient for rain fed agriculture. The local population constructed terraces to utilize highlands for cultivation and control soil erosion. Air Quality: Data in air quality in the sub-project area is extremely scarce. However, the air pollution is not identified as an issue in the sub-project area since it is passing mostly through rural areas and villages without much traffic or polluting industrial or commercial activities. 3 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Noise: The field survey indicated that the current noise levels along the road alignment are low except at some locations like markets or where there are relatively noisy activities along the road alignment. Flora: The project passes through places that deserve special care from the environmental point of view, i.e.; Road no. 5. The natural vegetation in most parts of the sub-project area is used by the residents for their daily purposes, for firewood and as rangeland for livestock. The most common plant species are Salvadora persica, Tamarix aphylla, Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne, Acacia etbaica Schweinf, Acacia asak (Forssk.) Willd, Acacia origena, Acacia tortilis, Commiphora myrrha, Cadaba rotundifolia Forssk., Cordia africana Lam, Ziziphus spina-christi (L) Willd etc. Fauna: The wild animals in the sub-project areas are monkeys, rabbits, hedgehogs, hyenas, foxes, reptiles and birds. The sub-project traverse some biodiversity hotspot in road no. 5 closed to area that identified as having particular biological values such as Mangroves. Agricultural crops: Most cultivable lands are found along the Wadis. Mostly Maize and Millet are grown in large quantities along the route. The fruit trees were encountered along many roads (No’s 8, 9, 10 and 11), such as Mango and Banana. Socio-Economic: Some the local communities in Taiz sub-project depend on fishing and raising livestock (such as in roads 5+6). The majority of the population along the remaining 18 roads is located in the Wadis and Highland Plateaus, carrying out agricultural activities through irrigation from the flow in the Wadis during the rainy seasons, from base flow and groundwater. In general, Agriculture and pasturing are the main economic activities. The most important agricultural crops are fruits, vegetables and grains as well as beekeeping. The main crops are cereals (Sorghum, Millet, Maize and Gharib), Fruits (Bananas and Mango), vegetables, legumes and cash crops like coffee. Date palm plantations are concentrated in some places like Bani Hamad and Wadis like Resian. Some populations rely on livestock keeping and the use of pastures especially where there is arable land, which is used for crops cultivation in rainy seasons and for pastures in non-rainy seasons like the west districts as Maqbnah and Mocha. Trade and manufacturing are one of the most important activities in Taiz Governorates. Some terrains contain of the most precious metals such as Copper, Marble and Zeolite. The people still use the old means of transportation such as donkeys. Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment The project activities that are likely to cause deterioration of environmental quality and social integrity were identified. These are:  Generation, storage and disposal of debris and construction waste.  Trucking and application of construction materials.  Resurfacing of roads. 4 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬  Repairs of drainage system and culverts.  Construction of retaining walls and gabions.  Storage and handling of fuel and oils.  Operation of labour camps. The generation, temporary storage and disposal of debris and construction waste are likely to lead to more significant deterioration of environmental quality and social status. This activity is predicted to have minor negative impacts on the siltation, slope stability, surface runoff, agricultural land, air quality, vegetation, wildlife movement and landscape. Trucking of materials is predicted to cause increase of noise levels and vibration, and deterioration of air quality through dust emissions. Road works and resurfacing are predicted to lead to increased noise levels, deterioration of air quality and reduced safety during the repairs works. Storage of diesel and oil, and refueling of vehicles is expected to cause contamination risk to agricultural land, surface and groundwater, and safety of project staff. Leakages or spillages of fuel and oils can affect habitats in the Sensitive areas located in Mocha and Bab Almandab along the coast, as in road no. 5. However, the risk and the volumes involved are minor. The setting up and operation of labor camp may create minor increase of noise levels, temporary taking of land, deterioration of landscape value, local littering and minor sewage discharges. Potential conflicts may arise if the location is not carefully selected in consultation with local communities. Since this project does not involve the construction of new roads, and realignment of existing roads would not be considered, the negative impacts associated with resettlement and land acquisition are not expected, therefore the Bank policy on Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12 is not triggered, The project activities will generate also positive environmental and social impacts. The positive environmental impacts include: employment opportunities for the local population, reduced soil erosion and siltation of surface water, and improved slope stability and surface runoff. More details about this subject are presented in chapter 5. Analysis of Alternatives From the environmental and social viewpoint, the “no -build” alternative is not preferable to sub- project implementation since the improvements of the alignments will have a very positive impact on road users regarding the improvement of safety, landslides and cleaning, repair of damaged portions of asphalt pavement and implementing all safety measures at unsafe curves and the unstable slopes. The "no project" option or the decision to not implement any road project is considered inappropriate in view of the long-term and widespread benefits of roads upgrading to the communities served by the roads in comparison with the short-term potential adverse impacts associated with the maintenance phase, most of which can be mitigated satisfactorily. 5 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures (ESMM) The key mitigation measures proposed include: storage of construction waste in locations pre- agreed with the local communities, waste disposal in designated locations, handling of liquid waste in sealed containers, repairs of retaining walls, restoration of riprap and stone pitching, restoration of adequate drainage systems, planting trees in sensitive zones, restoration of vegetative cover, usage of well-maintained equipment, water spraying for dust control, limiting noisy activities to normal daylight hours, keeping the drainage ditches and culverts unblocked, provision and use of personal protective equipment to workers, installing construction and warning signs, provision of alternative temporary access roads. Most of the proposed mitigation measures will be ensured under provisions of the construction supervision contract documents and as necessary by agreement with the communities that will be stated in the SFA. All costs associated with the mitigation measures for all environmental and social impacts would be incorporated into the contractor’s budget. The total estimated costs of the Mitigation Measures are USD 84,000. Environmental and Social Monitoring (ESM) During the maintenance activities, the regular monitoring activities (including environmental and social safeguards) rely on the Supervision consultant who reports on contractor’s compliance or otherwise with the ESMP. The consultant will monitor the application of environmental and social mitigation measures. The result of monitoring activities should be reflected in the monthly progress reports. The total estimated costs of the monitoring activities are USD 90,000. The RAMP IU will take overall responsibility for coordination of the monitoring activities. It will review and comment on the monitoring reports and prepare quarterly reports for the WB. The sub-project officer at Road Asset Management Project Implementation Unit (RAMP-IU) should conduct monthly to bi-monthly site inspections to monitor the compliance of the contractor with the applications of all mitigation measures for environmental and social impacts. Photographic documentation will be required in the continuous and regular monitoring. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Summary of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) during the backlog works and repairs phase is presented in a tabular format at the end of this section (see Table A) and in chapter 7 of this report. Summary of the ESMP during maintenance phase is presented in Table B. The objective of this ESMP is to establish a mechanism to implement mitigation measures addressing the expected negative impacts, and to monitor the efficiency of these mitigation measures. The content of the ESMP Table of this sub-project is based on the findings of this study and consultations with the local stakeholders and Project Affected People. Social Consultations Consultations were carried out with both male and female beneficiaries. The men consultations from the affected local communities along the road were carried out between the 27th of January 2014 and the 1st of February 2014. One hundred and twenty five sites were selected along 20 roads sections. A total of 201 beneficiaries were randomly selected 6 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ and interviewed (see Table 9.1). Due to the fact that most of the respondents are illiterate, data was collected by face-to-face interviews. The interview started by a general talk and a brief explanation of the nature and objectives of the study to gain the trust and confidence of the respondents to ensure the most reliable responses. Most interviewed men expressed their support for the sub-project as they think it will have positive social and economic impacts for the local communities such as hiring local people for the road works, improved access and trade opportunities. However, they showed their concerns regarding impacts of wastes on the agricultural land. The women consultations were carried out in June 2013 through field visit and interviews with women in different villages along the project road sections. In total, 113 women were interviewed in 30 villages. During the consultation process, questionnaires were used to solicit people’s views, concerns, and feedback on the road maintenance activities to be financed by the project. The consulted persons strongly supported the project pointing out improved access to health care, education and markets, reduced risk of accidents, employment opportunities. They raised their concerns regarding access to and quality of water wells and tanks, increased risk of accidents involving children (during the works), and social tensions that may arise from the presence of worker camps. Conclusions The project is expected to generate minor negative environmental and social impacts. The minor adverse environmental and social impacts anticipated during the rehabilitation works can be mitigated by applying mitigation measures set out in the ESMP, and closely scrutinized following the environmental and social compliance monitoring. Conventional engineering designs with proven records of reliable performance will be adopted for the rehabilitation of each road. The rehabilitated infrastructure will be environmentally sound in their design, sitting, maintenance and operation. The total expected costs of the mitigation measures and monitoring costs is estimated at the level of USD 174,000. When properly and consistently applied, these measures are expected to minimize the potential impacts to negligible levels. 7 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Table A: Summary of the ESMP during the Backlog Repair Works Phase Potential Responsibility Additional Cost in USD No. Mitigation Measures Monitoring Impacts Implementation Monitoring Mitigation measures Monitoring Generation,  Waste minimization  Maintaining a record of type, storage, disposal of  Storage of construction waste in quantity, and disposal location Will be part of the Cost of full time construction and locations pre-agreed with the local of solid and liquid waste contract. Bidders will be environmental and domestic waste generation Constractor, communities able to cost this item in social monitoring 1 rotnCrtnoC Supervision  Waste disposal in designated locations  Site inspections their bids. specialists, camera Consultant  Handling of liquid waste in sealed  Frequency: Once a week for lattnt r tntotrx and vehicle (90,000 containers each road under repairs DSU 000111toono USD)  Solid/liquid waste management plan Landslides, soil  Construction and repairs of retaining  Site inspection and erosion, and Visual walls photographic documentation intrusion  Restoration of riprap and stone pitching of excavation and  Provision of open area ~1m wide, maintenance activities behind cut side channels, to store  Photographic documentation Will be part of the Cost of full time temporarily fallen debris of planting and re-vegetation contract. Bidders will be environmental and Supervision 2  Increase the mass thickness of rock fill activities rotnrtnoC able to cost this item in social monitoring Consultant for additional stability  Frequency: Once a week for their bids. specialists, camera  Restoration of drainage systems each road under repairs and vehicle.  Planting trees in sensitive zones  Restoration of vegetative cover  Planting of grass and trees along the slopes to prevent landslides Deterioration of air  Usage of well-maintained equipment  Visual observation and quality  Water spraying for dust control photographic documentation Cost of full time Will be part of the works  Wheel washing of equipment induced Supervision contract. environmental and 3  Covering of trucks carrying fine grade emissions and dust clouds rotnCrtnoC social monitoring Consultant Expected additional costs: construction materials from works and trucks specialists, camera 10,000 USD  Frequency: Once a week for and vehicle. each road under repairs 8 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Potential Responsibility Additional Cost in USD No. Mitigation Measures Monitoring Impacts Implementation Monitoring Mitigation measures Monitoring Increased level of  Usage of quiet/well-maintained  Site supervision, inspection Supervision Will be part of the Cost of full time noise equipment and documentation to ensure Consultant in contract. Bidders will be environmental and  Limiting noisy activities to normal the implementation of coordination able to cost this item in social monitoring 4 daylight hours mitigation measures Contractor with the their bids. Expected specialists, camera  Provision of speed limit signs at critical  Frequency: Once a week for Contractor additional cost: 5,000 and vehicle. locations each road under repairs USD  Planting trees in sensitive zones Disruption of water  Protecting water supply systems during  Close supervision and Contractor in Supervision Expected cost 15,000 Cost of full time supply works documentation of pipe re- coordination with Consultant in USD. environmental and  Fixing the damaged riprap after location activities Supervision Engineer coordination social monitoring compacting the top soil along the eroded  Monitoring any interruptions with the specialists, camera 5 side ditches of water supplies to local Contractor and vehicle.  Coordination with land owners on communities caused by scheduling maintenance activities project works  Ensuring no interruption of water supply  Frequency: Once a week for during works. each road under repairs Disruption of the  Proper side sloping of the road to  Site inspection and photo Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the Cost of full time runoff water and prevent the accumulation of water on documentation of water coordination with Consultant contract. Bidders will be environmental and drainage systems the road surface harvesting activities and re- Supervision Engineer able to cost this item in social monitoring  Re-vegetation of disturbed soils vegetation activities their bids. Additional cost specialists, camera  Keeping the drainage ditches and  Checking on culverts (revegetation): 7,000 USD and vehicle. 6 culverts unblocked particularly following rainfall events  Frequency: Twice a month during the rainy season for each road Deterioration of  Storage of liquid materials (especially  Monitoring water quality of Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the works Cost of full time groundwater hydrocarbons) in sealed containers. the groundwater wells coordination with Consultant contract. Bidders will be environmental quality  Application of liquid fuels and oils in  Monitoring of fuel and oil Supervision Engineer able to cost this item in monitoring 7 sealed areas with sump. handling and storage. their bids. specialist, camera  Refueling in sealed locations  Frequency: Once every month Expected additional costs: and vehicle.  Development and implementation of for each road under repairs 15,000 USD (incl. water Waste management plan. sampling and analysis) 9 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Potential Responsibility Additional Cost in USD No. Mitigation Measures Monitoring Impacts Implementation Monitoring Mitigation measures Monitoring Damage to fauna,  Placing speed limit signs and planting  Site inspection and Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the works Cost of full time flora and the trees at critical locations and known photographic documentation coordination with Consultant contract. Expected environmental proposed protected animal crossing pathways of the condition of culverts Supervision Engineer additional costs: 10,000 monitoring areas  Keeping culverts unblocked to facilitate  Monitoring of re-planting USD specialist, camera amphibians crossing activities and vehicle. 8  Restoring affected land along the road  Checking records of spillages alignment to the preconstruction status and animal killings  Preventing leakages of fuel near the  Frequency: Once every two coast, particularly near the Mangrove weeks for each road under sites (Road No. 5) repairs Disruption of  Informing the public about schedule of  Site supervision-inspection Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the Cost of full time traffic repair and maintenance works and photographic coordination with Consultant contract. Bidders will be environmental and  Provision of temporary alternative documentation Supervision Engineer able to cost this item in social monitoring 9 access roads/ by-passes  Frequency: Weekly (including their bids. Additional specialists, camera  On the spot traffic management photographic evidence) for costs: 2,000 USD and vehicle. each road under repairs Deterioration of  Provision and use of personal  Inspection and photo evidence Supervision Will be part of the Cost of full time health & safety protective equipment to workers  Maintaining records of Consultant contract. Bidders will be environmental and conditions  Installing construction and warning injuries and accidents with Contractor able to cost this item in social monitoring signs cause and location their bids. specialists, camera 10  Installing barriers along sharp curves  Frequency: Weekly for each and vehicle. road under repairs Urarut no tgxngCrx  Do not block access to cultural and  Site inspection/ supervision and Contractor in Supervision Part of the contract. Cost of full time rt stonoCttrx otnto religious sites, wherever possible photographic documentation of coordination with Consultant Bidders will be able to environmental and  Use of manual equipment when cultural and historical sites. Supervision Engineer cost this item in their social monitoring 11 working next to a cultural or religious  Frequency: Monthly for each bids. specialists, camera and historical sites. road under repairs and vehicle. 10 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Potential Responsibility Additional Cost in USD No. Mitigation Measures Monitoring Impacts Implementation Monitoring Mitigation measures Monitoring Social Impacts  Coordinating with the public the  Site inspection and Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the Cost of full time schedule of maintenance activities in documentation of community coordination with Consultant contract. Bidders will be social monitoring residential areas activities along roads. Supervision Engineer able to cost this item in specialist, camera  Location of workers’ camps away from  Inspections of worker camps their bids. and vehicle. residential areas  Frequency: Bi-weekly for Expected additional cost: 12  Hiring local workers from rural areas each road under repairs 5,000 USD  Provision of alternative access roads/ by-passes  Traffic management  Camps must be equipped with sealed septic tanks and waste containers. Expected additional mitigation costs: USD 84,000 Expected monitoring costs: USD 90,000 Total expected costs of ESMP: USD 174,000 11 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Table B: Summary of ESMP during the Maintenance Phase Potential Responsibility Additional Cost in USD No. Mitigation Measures Monitoring Impacts Implementation Monitoring Mitigation measures Monitoring Generation,  Waste minimization  Maintaining a record of type, storage, disposal of  Storage of construction waste in quantity, and disposal location Cost of part time construction and locations pre-agreed with the local of solid and liquid waste Constractor, Will be part of the environmental and 1 domestic waste communities generation rotnCrtnoC Supervision contract. social monitoring  Waste disposal in designated locations  Site inspections Consultant specialists, camera  Handling of liquid waste in sealed  Frequency: Once a month for and vehicle containers each road under maintenance Landslides, soil  Repairs of retaining walls  Site inspection and erosion, and Visual  Restoration of riprap and stone pitching photographic documentation Cost of part time intrusion  Cleaning and repairs of drainage of maintenance activities environmental and systems  Photographic documentation Supervision Will be part of the 2 tnoCrotnCr social monitoring  Restoration of vegetative cover of planting and re-vegetation Consultant contract. specialists, camera  Maintain grass and trees along the activities and vehicle. slopes to prevent landslides  Frequency: Once a month for roads under maintenance Deterioration of air  Usage of well-maintained equipment  Visual observation and quality  Water spraying for dust control photographic documentation Cost of part time  Covering of trucks carrying fine grade of equipment induced Will be part of the works environmental and construction materials emissions and dust clouds Supervision 3 rotnCrtnoC contract. social monitoring from works and trucks Consultant specialists, camera  Frequency: Once a month for and vehicle. each road under maintenance Increased level of  Usage of quiet/well-maintained  Site and documents Supervision Will be part of the Cost of part time noise equipment inspections Consultant contract. environmental and  Limiting noisy activities to normal  Frequency: Once a month for social monitoring 4 Contractor specialists, camera daylight hours each road under maintenance  Provision of speed limit signs at and vehicle. critical locations 12 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Potential Responsibility Additional Cost in USD No. Mitigation Measures Monitoring Impacts Implementation Monitoring Mitigation measures Monitoring Disruption of water  Protecting water supply systems during  Monitoring any interruptions Contractor in Supervision None Cost of part time supply works of water supplies to local coordination with Consultant in environmental and  Coordination with land owners on communities caused by Supervision Engineer coordination social monitoring 5 scheduling maintenance activities project works with the specialists, camera  Ensuring no interruption of water supply  Frequency: Once a month for Contractor and vehicle. during works. each road under maintenance Disruption of the  Keeping the drainage ditches and  Checking on culverts Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the Cost of part time runoff water and culverts unblocked particularly following rainfall coordination with Consultant contract. environmental and drainage systems events Supervision Engineer social monitoring 6  Frequency: Once a month specialists, camera during the rainy season for and vehicle. each road under mainteance Deterioration of  Storage of liquid materials (especially  Monitoring of fuel and oil Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the works Cost of part time groundwater hydrocarbons) in sealed containers. handling and storage. coordination with Consultant contract. environmental quality  Application of liquid fuels and oils in  Frequency: Once a month for Supervision Engineer monitoring 7 specialist, camera sealed areas with sump. each road under maintanance  Refueling in sealed locations with and vehicle. sump Damage to fauna,  Keeping culverts unblocked to  Site inspection and Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the works Cost of part time flora and the facilitate amphibians crossing photographic documentation coordination with Consultant contract. environmental proposed protected  Preventing leakages of fuel near the of the condition of culverts Supervision Engineer monitoring 8 areas coast, particularly along the Mangrove  Checking records of spillages specialist, camera areas (Road No. 5) and animal killings and vehicle.  Frequency: Once a month for each road under maintenance Disruption of  Informing the public about schedule of  Site supervision-inspection Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the Cost of part time traffic maintenance works and photographic coordination with Consultant contract environmental and 9  On the spot traffic management documentation Supervision Engineer social monitoring  Frequency: Monthly for each specialists, camera road under maintenance and vehicle. 13 Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF) Sub-Project (3) : Taiz Governorate Road Asset Management Project (RAMP) Environmental and social Impact Assessment ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ Potential Responsibility Additional Cost in USD No. Mitigation Measures Monitoring Impacts Implementation Monitoring Mitigation measures Monitoring Deterioration of  Provision and use of personal  Inspection and photo evidence Supervision Will be part of the Cost of part time health & safety protective equipment to workers  Frequency: Once every month Contractor Consultant contract. environmental and 10 conditions  Installing construction and warning for each road under social monitoring signs maintenance specialists, camera and vehicle. Urarut no tgxngCrx  Do not block access to cultural and  Site inspection and Contractor in Supervision Part of the contract. Cost of ful time rt stonoCttrx otnto religious sites, wherever possible photographic documentation. coordination with Consultant environmental and  Protect graves along Road No. 20  Frequency: Monthly for each Supervision Engineer social monitoring 11 during road works road under maintenance specialists, camera  Use of manual equipment when and vehicle. working next to a cultural or religious and historical sites. Social Impacts  Coordinating with the public the  Site inspection and Contractor in Supervision Will be part of the Cost of part time schedule of maintenance activities in documentation of community coordination with Consultant contract. social monitoring residential areas near markets, schools, activities along roads. Supervision Engineer specialist, camera health centres, pastures, firewood sites  Frequency: Once a month for and vehicle.  Removal of random speed bumps each road under maintenance  Maintaining barriers in sharp curves 12 and along steep slopes  Awareness workshop on road maintenace  Traffic management  Camps must be equipped with sealed septic tanks and waste containers. 14 ‫)‪Road Maintenance Fund ( RMF‬‬ ‫‪Sub-Project (2) : TAIZ Governorate‬‬ ‫)‪Road Assets Management Project (RAMP‬‬ ‫‪Environmental and social Impact Assessment‬‬ ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫‪15‬‬