E519 Volume 4 China Jiangxi Integrated Agricultural Modernization Project (JIAMP) Beneficiary Participation Manual Draft (05/04/03) Table of Contents Page No. 1 Objective and Principles for Participation ................................................................ 3 1 1 Objective and Principles for Participation ... 3 1 .2 Definiltion of Participation ... 3 1.3 Participation in JIAMP ............................................................... . 3 2 General Project Information ................................................................4 3 Main Stalkeholder Groups and the Types of Activities They Are Involved In .................4 3.1 Farmers ................................. .... 4 3.2 Women. . .... .. .. ...........................................................................................5 3.3 National M inorities ...................................................................5.........................5 3.4 Non-Governmental Organizationis ........... ..............................5.......................5 3.5 Enter-prises .................. ...... ... 5 3.6 Governm11enlt Agencies and InstitUtions ...... . ................................5 3.7 Otlher Entities Involved in Project Implementation ....................................6 .... ............6 4 Mechaclismiis for Beieficiatry Participation .....................................7 4.1 NatLilre of Beneficiary Participation ........................ . ......................................................7 4.2 Commiiui11cationi Approaclhes and Channiels .........................................7............. ..... 7 4.3 Possible Conflicts Durinig Interactionis and their Mitigation ............................................8 5 Miniimiium Required Participatory Activities .......................................... 10 Table 1: ComiipositionI and Ftunctionis of Key Project Entities ..........................................................6 Table 2: Participationi Approaches for Different Target Groups .. 8 Table 3: Possible Interaction Conflicts and Mitigation Measures ...............................................9 Annex 1: Summary Table of Anticipated Beneficiary Participation Activities ......... ...... ... 12 Annex 2: Participatory Rural Appraisal Metlhodologies.15 .............................. .. 15 Annex 3: Guidanice for a Geiider Specialist Training Program ................................... ... 17 1 Objective and Principles for Participation 1.1 Objective and Principles for Participation The nature of the project requires close involvemenit of the beneficiaries in the detailed design of the various plroject activities. In order to streamline beneficiary participation in implemenitationi, this Beneficiary Participation Manual (BPM) has been prepared. The BPM is an integrate part of the overall Project Implementationi Manual (PIM). The purpose of this BPM is to describe and formialize the consultationi and participation process with affected and beneficiary groups. As sucIh, it is a strategy for allowiing stakelholders to influenice and share control over the decisions and resouices that affect them. The BPM shiould provide guidance to project implementing units at county, townshiip and village levels (Project Managemenlt Units, PMOs) in hlow to eiisure effective participation of project affected groups in project implementationl. The BPM is viewed as a workinig documelit that is modiFied to reflect any changes in the project and/or In the economic, political, and social conditionis. 1.2 Definition of Participation "Participationi" in the context of this docuelineit refers to a wider range of activities thian simply takinig part in project activities or being in receipt of and then repaying a loan. This broader concept of participationi encompasses a broad spectrum of activities ranginig from information and disclosLure to active involvemilenit. Participation is defined as "'informed participation" and "imeaninigful participation," depending on the degree that project participants' views are a factor in decision-mliakinig and to what degree that the project reflects their desires. Participation is ranked into foLu- levels from low to highi: * Inforinaton Sharing = one-way flow of inforimiationi from project officials to project-involved households * Consultation = two-way floxv of inforimiationi. * Collaborailon shiared control over decision-milakinig. * Enmpoverinent = transfer of contiol over decisions and resources to those affected by the project. 1.3 Participation in JIAMP The BPM identifies the project's mnain stakeholder groups (beneficiaries in general, women in particular, goverinimlenit leaders, academicians, and any other groups that would be affected by the project; sumllimiarizes the types of activities project houselholds and affected groups are involved in at different points in the project life cycle for eachi of the componenits; describes the extent of participatioin by houselholds and affected groups, and theforum and meansforparticipation. Participation related processes, procedures, and activities, relevant for the various project activities are also described in the Self Managed lrrigationi and Drainage District (SIDD) Manual, the Irrigation Manual, the Farm Productionl Improvement Manual, the Enterprise Lending Manual, and the Minority Nationalities Development Plan. The detailed beneficiary selection criteria and eligible activities are described in the Irrigation Manual, the Farn Production lImprovement Manual and the Enterprise Lendinig Manual. All these manuals are an integrate part of the overall PIM. Aninex I summarizes the nature and extent of the various beneficiary participation activities 3 2 General Project Information JIAMP covers 4 cities', 21 couLnties2, 174 townslhips, 795 villages, and an estimated 283,000 lhouseholds witlh about 1,267,000 farmers. In addition, relevant agro enterprises will be able to borrow project ftinds for activities that support the project objectives. Project investmenits in on-farril irrigation and drainage account for about 55% of the total project cost. The componienit will cover 96 irrigation sclhemes with an area of about 70,000 hla (1,035,000 muL) withi 283,000 farmier lhouseholds. About 30% of the project cost is allocated to fariml production improvement activities. To ensure integrationi of project activities, h1ouselholds lhave to participate in the irrigation and drainage activities in order to be able to participate in the farm production improvement activities. It is estimated that about 85,000 houselholds of the 283,000 lhouseholds (about 30%) will participate in the farm production improvement activities. 3 Main Stakeholder Groups and the Types of Activities They Are Involved In The maini stakeholder- groups ulider JIAWP may be divided into: (1) farm houselholds; (2) rural womenl; (3) nationlal minior-ities; (4) nonigover nimienital orgaiiizationis; (5) private and public enterprises, farmis, and stations at townslhip/towin level; (6) government organizationis and agencies; anid (7) specific organizationis/enitities already determined to be involved in project imple me ntat ion 3.1 Farmers Since this project specifically aims to improve farmers' livelihoods with focus on the principle of farmers' participation, farmers should be deemed as the main body of active participants. Farmers in rural comm11unlities may be divided into groups dependinig on levels of income (higlh, middle, low). Farmer-s par-ticipate in the irrigation and drainage activities in the following ways: (a) participating in the design of irrigationi and drainage works; (b) sharing part of the irrigation and drainiage investmlienits; (c) participation in con1struction1 works, (d) involvement in deterininiiig of and collecting \vater clharges; (e) being responsible for operation and maintenanice of related irrigation facilities In the farn production improvement activities, farmers participate in thie: (i) investmiienit maniagemlenit; (ii) determinationi of varieties to be planted; and (iii) arrangements for product sales. lrrigationl and drainage activities and farn production improvement activities will be organized through the farmers participation in the water users' associations (WUA). Farmers' participation in the market system developmenit activities are mainly manifested by thleir affiliation in farmers' mar-keting groups and involvement in marketing training programs, etc. Thle implemenitationi of all activities include training of farmer houselholds. The contenit of training shall be identifiecl in line witlh farmer's practical needs based on full acquisition of their opinionls. Th1e traininig shiall be conducted interactively, Using media and methods such as videos and phiotos, grotip CiIscussioll, field simulation, etc. JIujiang, Shangrao, Fuzhou, Ganzhou. 2 QUannan, Longilnal, XUI1WU, Congyi, Xinguo, Shicheng, Gan, Xingfeng, Zhanggonig, Golden development district, Yugaan, Hengfeng, Guangfenig, Dexing, Wunilg, Hukou, Pengze, Yongxiu, Yihuang, Nancheng, Chliongren, etc 4 3.2 Women In Jiangxi, wvomen represent a major- part of the labor force and hence an important target and participation group of thie project. Takinig into account the realities in the countryside and the need to enilanice womeni's status, women should account for at least about a third of total staff in project maiagemilenit and implementationi institutiolIs. In villages where most young male adults are emigranit workers the proportion of women in project implementation agencies at village level should reach at least 50%. Any activity to the detriment of equality between men and women will be rejected 3.3 National Minorities As a small group of project beneficiaries are nationlal minorities. Their involvemenit in the project will be guided by this BPM and also a Minority Nationalities Development Plan whichi is a part of the overall plroject Implemenitationi Manual. 3.4 Non-Governmental Organizations There are two main kinds of noni-goverinimlenital organizationis in the project areas: clan and economic organizationis. Rural clan organizationis should be a target group of the project in rural communities with strong clan influenice. By utilizing the integrity evaluation on clan organizationis made by rulal communities, clan organizationis shall be allowed to participate in the design and establishmiienit of nonigoverinimienital economic organizations and coordinate relations amonig inter-est glrOUpS. The second type of nonigovernmenltal organizationls is rural economic cooperative organizations and mar-ket-or-ienited specialized farmer- associations (e.g. vegetable associations, etc.). Such cooperative organlizations are glradually developing in Jiangxi. However, they are few In number and have exerted very limited influenice on the development of commercial agricultural productioll, processinig, and marketing. An objective of the project is to support Jiangxi's long- term strategy to develop moderin farmer associations. 3.5 Enterprises Rural enterprises and leading houselholds ulidertakinig enterprise like activities can borrow project funds for activities that support the project objectives. The process through which the entrepreneuis can participate in the project is described in detail, in the Enterprise Lending Manual. The rules and decision-milakinig criteria of the lending process have been publishied and will be communillicated to all potential borrowers. Borrower feedback and suggestions for improvement will be discussed in semi-aninual traininig sessions. 3.6 Government Agencies and Institutions Various types and levels of govermenit organizationis participate in the project mainly for the purpose of coordiniatinig implemenitationi and in order to provide public services and institutional assistance to farmers and other- project stakeholders. 5 3.7 Otlher Entities Involved in Project Implementation Other types of entities that are stakeholders in the project are the entities involved in project managemeint (Project Leading Groups (PLGs), Project Management Offices, Techinical Advisory Groups (TAGs) at provincial, COulnty and townsilips levels, and an Investmenit Lendinig Comilmittee (ILC) at the provincial level.) Thie roles of thlese project management entities are described in detail in the PIM. In addition, there are tile water, supply organizations (WSO), water user's associations (WUA), water user's groups (WUG), loan approval committees; loan implemenitingi teams (LITs), and farimier mar-ketinig groups (FMGs). Table 1 summarizes the compositionis and key funictionis of thlese entities- Table 1 Compositioni and Functionls of Key Project Entities Project Selection Method Functionis Type of Supervised Funding Entity Activity By Source PLGs Appointed by Guidance and Management None Governor supervision of l'MOs PMOs Appointed by PLG Project managemient Management PLG Management fees TAGs Selected by l'MOs Technical advise to Advise PPMO Management advised by PLGs PMOs on project issues fees ILC Selected by PPMO Decision making of Decision PLG Management advised by PPLG enterprise investment making fees proposals (after appraisal) WSO Reservoir see SIDD manual Mgmt. and op- County Water Water fees adm iiii stration, erations (non-- Conservancy township/town water profit) Bureau station WUA Elected by water see SIDD manual Management None Water fees users WUG Water users in the see SIDD manual Management WUA None irrigated area of a lateral canal County loan Appointed by COunity Decision makinlg of Decision PLG None approval PLG farmer loan making commillttee applications Farmer Volun,taly farmers Organizing team Production, None Self-raised groups memilbers in sales, operations, loaiis inifor-imation feedback, management production, training, and loan application_ 6 4 Mechaniisms for Beneficiary Participation 4.1 Nature of Beneficiary Participation As explained -in the beginniniig of this documelit, comprehensive beneficiary participation comprises differenlt degrees of involvemlienit: (1) One-way flow of information (information material; posters, village meetinigs, etc ); (2) Two-way flow of information (to and from potential beneficiaries), (3) Joint decision-making; and (4) "Empowerment." Wlile all approachies are needed for effective participation, commulnication approaches and channels need to be adjusted accordinig to the specific target group. A number of different methods and methodologies can be utilized in facilitating participation. A common methiod is Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRAs). Annex 2 provides short explanationi of the PRA methiod. 4.2 Cotmmuniication Approaches and Channels In order to ensure effective participation, different chaniels and approaches have to be utilized whell commuLlicatinlg with the different stakeholder groups. * Commuiiicattion with higher incomie, midildle income, and poor farmer households. The higher inicome, middle income and the poor exist in all village communities and can be classified accordinig to their finanicial situation. A simple and highily reliable method to assess and commnllllicate with these groups is to draw village social maps (Annex 2). * Comimluniicationi with women. The project will take advantage of Chinla Women's Federationi groups that are wide in coverage and experienced working with womeni in a numliber of areas. Womenl's Federation grOUpS will be used to link women beneficiaries in the project areas and project manlagemenit entities. Specially assigned representatives from provinicial/counlty/town1sIlip Womell's Federation shall act as women coordinators. County and townshiip coordinators will do door-to-door interviews and hold regular women's discussionI meetings to hear- womenl's views, understanld their desires and needs, and provide timely 1eed back on problems to COulnty PMOs. CouLnty PMOs shall respond to and address these problemils individually and report to the Provincial PMO accordingly. The Provincial PMO shiall Iollow tip The womenl coordinators will also participate in recommending which project 1housellolds should participate in the project, assist the county PMO in ensurinig timely allocation of loan funids to farmer 1households as well as organize and provide traininig to womeii See Aninex 3 for gulidance on gender traininig for project personnel. * Comimiitinicationi with noni-governimienital organizations. PMOs at various levels will reinfoice the comimiuniicationi with clan organizationis in the project areas, especially the liaison with clan leaders and elders, and take active counsel with them on matters related to the project to str-ive for their understanding, coordinationi and support. All such communlicationis will be documenited and kept in the PMO offices. * Comiminiitication vithi miniority nationiality groups. In addition to the regular chaninels of comm11ullication to project entities described in this document, national minority groups will hlave an additional, exclusive chaniniel to communicate with project maniagement organizationis, the National Commiilttee of Minority Affairs and its affiliated provincial/county miniority adiniiiistiationis These adminiistiationl are an effective medium for communication due to thieir specialized knowledge in policies and regulations with relation to minority nationialities and the knowledge of the local situation of minorities development issLies. 7 Possible participationi approaciles to be utilized during thle complete project implementationi cycle by various levels of project managemilenit are sumrmarized in Table 2. Table 2. Participation Approaches for Different Target Groups Target Key issues Maii Details of participation Manners of group comminiuicators participation Low income - Low self-esteem All levels of PMOs - Groups of poor to Group approach houselholds - Weak ability to self- implement activities develop. - Consult farmers about - Low volumes of detailed design product and no - Target Training for infrastructure to hanldle productive and operational it skills for poor - Limn1ited market in §l'ormationi Women - Less oppoltunlities - Womenl's -Projects applicable to Individual or - Lower literacy than Federation women or specially designed household based meil - womeln for women, - Long labor hours developmenit -Women participate in coordiniators project management - Traininilg in productive skills. - Gender training._ National -Cultural mecianlisimis - Local Miiority See MNDP See MNDP minoritles that constr-aini Admiiiistrationl participation In - All levels of PMOs developmenit activities - I'oorly ilformlled - Low literacy _ Clan F or benefit of clansimieni All levels of PMOs - Project detailed design. Independently or organiza- only - Approval of borrowers' jointly with vil- tions qualifications lagers' commit- - Supervision tees Farmer -Not existing, or badly All levels of PMOs - Training in productive, Communication associations organized management and marketing to utilize -Lack of skills, skills; structures related Information, etc - legal and commercial to these groups' advice activities. - transfer of experience from elsewhere in China - access to loans. 4.3 Possible Conflicts During Initeractionis and their Mitigation Interactionis amonlg Interest groups (target grOUps) during project implemlienitation may impact the project in various ways due to the differences of the various interest groups in targets of developmenit, expectations for the project, attitude and maninier of participation in the project, and the conflict of interests amonlg these groups. Interactionis will take place among the various income level h1ouseholds, hiousehiolds and project maniagemiienit officials, noni-goverinmental organizationis and governmenit organizationis, etc. Some of these interactionis may lead to conflicts. Table 3 describes a numliber of possible interactioni conflicts and suggest mitigation measures. 8 Table 3 Possible Interaction Conflicts and Mitigation Measures Potential Development Possible activities directly Possible Contflicts Influence on Possible Mitigation Measures lnter est Groups Objective - involved in project Highier income iicr-easing income Enterprise activities - Enlarged disparity Low -Targeted traininig for various groups househlolds of wealth, skills, in technical issues, commercial Middle-incomile Increasing incomiie Constructioll of water conservanicy access to inforimiation Medium practices, crop choice, price households works SIDD teams Improving and other services informationi and how to use it. sales Poor households Altering status of agricultural production. - Unfair resource Medium strategy, etc poverty Recipients and users of market allocation informationl Members of marketing groups Recipients of training Towniship Acting for state Participating in all management Control of project re- High -Transparency and openness in Officials (and interests or local aspects for the government sources project implementation other government political interests - Clear loan allocation criteria organizations) - Public announcement of all project activities and beneficiaries - Active promotion of meaningful participation - Effective supervision, NGOs Acting for interests of Guidance and support for project Narrow interest Low -Active participation in a wide scale clansmen interventions of project activities Men Increasing social status All project activities Access to project Outside facilitation to define and income benefits versus adequate roles for both parties in Women Improving family life required project input project activities and income _ 9 5 Minimumii Required Participatory Activities Thle specific participatory activities to be cari ied out at the various levels need to be determined at the local levels However, there are some specific activities/procedures that will be established to. (i) ensuLe timiely availability of inifor-imationi related to the project to stakeholders; (6i) ensure equal opportunities to all project stakeliolders to provide suggestiolis and comments related to the plroject; and (im) enable project maniagemilenit to master the dynamics of project implemenitationl, to establish effective monitoriiig, feedback, examinationi and supervision mechanism. The BPM must be subject to contilLuous amenidimieints at the local levels based on local situation.. The local l'MOs shall involve participation of farmer's representatives in any chanlges and these should be recorded and theni formally inforimied to the beneficiaries. The following noni locality specific activities will be implemiienited. (A) Responsible Staff at PMOs for the BPM. PMOs at various levels will assign a staff responsible for the implemenitationl of the BPM. PPMO will monitor the beneficiary participationi work every semi-aillnually, COunity PMOs quarterly. Problems found should be recorded and corr-ected in a timely maninier (B) Woieci in Project Maiiageiient. Womeni shiall comprise at least 30% of project maiagemia enit at all levels (C) Codling of Participating Farmers. In order to facilitate accuL-ate monitoring supervision of the project, all participatingo farmers shiall be given a code number, whiclh is used in coninectioni with all project activities and fLuniis traisfers. This will also allow locating the beneficiary for repeated surveys in monitorinlg (D) Loal Iiipleiientationi Tcams. Loan implemiientationi teams will be set tIp in each townshiip. They will be responlsible for (making the final selection of participating 1houselholds, responsible for appraisilg the anniual lending granted to each village based on the anilual village level implemilenitationi plan and they will be responsible for collecting comilmenits and feedback fiom 1housellolds and feed it back to higher levels of project managemeit. Thle loan implemilenitationl teams will be represented by the WUAs at the village level. The loan implemilenitationi teams at the townshiip level shall consist of elected representatives fiom each WUA Each WUA shiall also appoint 1-2 formal association representatives to join in the loan implemiienitinig team. The regularity of the loan impleeiletationl team meetinigs shall be adjusted according to the characteristics at different phases of implemiienltationi of the project. In the beginniniig of the project, the team will hold Ilmonltlhly meetings. (E) Participation in Aiiniial Planning The loan implementation teams in each village prepare a preliminary plan whicil shiall be presenited village representatives for comments and suggestions based on wide discussionls by villagers to be fed back to the project managcrial bodies. Theni, after full considerationl of commenits and suggestions fiom all interested parties, the project maniageriial bocies shiall make a final resolution balancinig the interests of all parties. (F) Lmplementation of Aninual Plaiis. Beneficiar ies caii chioose among the annually defined activities. It is imiportailt to keep flexibility of activities based on local conditions. Therefore, beneficiari-es can also chanige the compositioni of the detailed activities based on local actual situationis as long as project regulationis are followed. The process of aninual plaiininig and implementationi of the activities is described in detail in the Farm Production Improvemiienlt Manual. 10 (G) Distribution of Basic Project Informationi Basic project information in a clear format and Free of chlarge shiall be released by tihe local levels of project management to beneficiar-ies. This inforimiationi shiall include all project regulationls and detailed operation jLules This information shall include loan conditionis (interest rate, maturity, grace period, recovery mechianiisimi), supel-visioll criteria, operating regulations and dynamics of organizationls fouLided as required by this project (water user associations, farner associations, marketinig associations) shiall also be released to farmers conceriled. (H) Distribution of Regular Project Inforination. Regular project related information will be released to the farmers in the project areas fi-ee of charge. Tllis will be carried out in the context of tile Communlications Strategy designed for the project and can take forn of postinig notices at administr-ative villages so that all beneficiaries can acquire relevant infor-imationi and can plrovide timely feedback. (I) Documentation of Beneficiary Activities. CouLnty PMOs shall record and document all beneficiary participation activities and keep these records in their offices. (J) Beneficiary Suggestions. Coun1ty PMOs will set up special teleplhone numbers, suggestion boxes or receptioni centers to collect commenits and viewvs from beneficiaries. Tlle purpose of thlese is to smoothi thle chianinel of comillullicationi between the managerial personiel and beneficiar-ies, and make practical revised plans based on timely project managemenit to guar-anitee contilLuous and effective plroject implementationi. If any problems are reported, thle CouLnty PMO is responsible for timely reply and solution. All mitigation measures sh1ould be adequately recorded aild reported to the PPMO. Annex 1: Summary Table of Anticipated Beneficiary Participation Activities Activities |Parties Involved Channels of Consultation Organiizations in Duration Charge Irrigationi and D)rainage Component Farmers organize WUAs and participate in Far-imer-s in project irrigation schemes Village imleetinig Villaoeis' commiiilttee Loii1 termlii the formiulation of regulations thereof. County PMO: County WCB, Village County PMO, township commiittee PMOs Farmers participate in training Farmer representatives; County PMO Village meeting County PMO, township Period of project County WCB, Former Mgmt Unit of Meeting of design staff PMOs activities irrigated area County WCB Farmers participate in the design of water WUA, Design institute, PMO, Meeting of design staff WUA, Design institute project conservancy works and of maintenance and County WCB WUA meeting construction budget programs Meeting of management period committee of WUA Farmers participate in the construction of PMO; WUA, Design Institute, WUA meeting; Meeting of WUA, LIT; Design project water conservancy works. LIT management committee of institLte construction WUA period Farmers participate in the management of PMO, WUA, LIT; FB Meeting of technical panel PMO; WUA, LIT Term of loan loan funds for water conservancy works WUA meeting Meeting of management committee of WUA Farmers participate in the collection of WUA; RCC/ABC, FB; PMO Meeting of technical panel; WUA After completion repayments for water conservancy works. WUA meeting; Meeting of mgmt committee of WUA Farmers participate in the maintenance and WCB; WSO, WUA Meeting of technical panel WSO, WUA Long term management of completed water Joint meeting of WSO and conservancy works WUA Level of water rate is widely discussed by Township government; WCB; WUA, Meeting of technical panel Villagers' committee Road construction farmers and fixed taking into account water users, WSO WUA meeting Township government period comments from water users. Farmers are consulted and asked to give PMO, Villagers' committee, WCB, Meeting of technical panel PMO Construction comments and suggestions for road Villagers, County highway bureau WUA meeting Villagers' committee period construction. 12 Activities Parties Involved Channels of Consultation Organizations in Duration Charge Farm Production lImprovement Component Planining and implemenitationi of Farmiers, Soil and fertilizer station, AB, Meeting of techniical panel County Soil and fertilizer project period improvement of mediuLil- or low-yield Township government. PMO Village meetinig statioi fields Selection of modes of production foi farmer Farmers, WUA, PMO, Agriculture, Meeting of technical panel County Agriculture, project period families Aquaculture and Livestock Bureaus Village meeting Aquaculture, and Livestock Bureaus and Extension Stations, County PMO Selection of newv varieties of crops, Farmers, Seed station, Distributor, Meeting of technical panel County Agriculture, Long tern livestock and aquatic products Township government, Agriculture, Village meeting Aquaculture, and Aquaculture, and Livestock Bureaus, Livestock Bureaus and PMO, TAG Extension Stations County seed company Formulation of farmiand applicationi and Farmers, Jiangxi Academy of Meeting of technical panel County Agricultural, Long term research programs Agricultural Sciences Bureau of Science Village meeting Aquaculture, and and Technology, Livestock Bureaus, PMO, Extension station Provincial PMO Implementation of farm production Farmers, WUA; PMO, Loan Approval See Farm Production Investment WUA; County PMO on going improvement activities Committee; LIT; RCC/ABC Manual Determination of contents and manners of Farmers, Extension station, Agriculture, Meeting of technical panel Extension Stations Long term technical training for extension staff and Aquaculture, and Livestock Bureaus, Village meeting farmers PMO; JAAS Design of action plans for tecinical Farmers, WUA, Extension station; Meeting of technical panel Extension Stations Long term extension activities Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Livestock Village meeting Bureaus; PMO; Villagers; JAAS Formulation of strategies for environmental Farmers, Plant protection station; See Pest Management Plan, County bureau of Long term protection and sustainable development Agriculture, Aquaculture and Livestock Meeting of technical panel environment protection Bureaus, Bureau of environment Village meeting protection; PMO Women's participation Women farmer, Women's Federation; all Women's groups meetings PMO Long term project management organizations Participation of minority nationality groups Minority farmers, all project management Village meeting PMO Long term organizations in minority area 13 Activities Parties Involved Channels of Consultation Organizations in Duration Charge Marlet Systems Developmenit Componeeit Compilationi and printinig of qualitv Coulity PMO, TAG, agro-techinical Villagers publicizinig meeting County PMO 2 year standard materials and informationl extensioni departmenit quality and Techniical service County AB publicationis, covering publicity of quality techniical supervision bureau, buleau of - Sales and puL-chiases contract CouLntyquality and standards for farm products and traininilg comimlerce and industry, Farmers, Farimler technical supervision wvith focus on carrying out quality standards sales forces, Processing plant bureau Villagers' committee Directionial determination of informationi Farner sales forces, Extension station Village meeting Farmer sales forces Long term demands Extension station Determiniationl of details and methods of Farmer sales forces, Marketing experts; Village meeting AMRC Long term marketing training Extension service agencies Classroom teaching Farmer sales forces Demonstration Extension agencies Identification of information demands, and Farmers, Farmer sales forces, AMRC Village meeting AMRC Long term of targets and requirements for informationi Extension agencies; Information service Forum between farmer sales Farmer sales forces analysis arid research agencies forces and experts Extension agencies Meeting of technical panel Information service agencies Formulation of managerial system and County PMO; Township governmenit; Village meeting County PMO Period of project regulations for farmer sales forces Villagers' committee; Villagers Township government activities Villagers' committee Establishment of farmer sales forces, County PMO Village meeting County PMO Period of project Determination of managerial staff, Villagers' committee Villagers' committee activities authorities, benefits and responsibilities Villagers Farmer sales forces thereof Determination of methods for extension and County PMO Villagers' forum County PMO Period of project information services; Determination of Extension service agencies Door-to-door interview Farmer sales forces activities modes of payment for extension and Information service agencies Villagers' committee information services of compensated usage Farmer sales forces Villagers Information, training and follow-up sessions PPMO, PMO Periodic meetings and follow-up PPMO Period of project with potential and actual enterprise ABC visits activities borrowers Enterprises AB - Agricultural Bureau; ABC - Agriculture Bank of China, AMRC - Agricultural Market Research Center, FB - Finance Bureau, FPI - Farm Production Improvement; Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences - JAAS; LIT - Loan Implementation Team, PMO - Project Management Office; RCC - Rural Credit Cooperative, TAG - Technical Advisory Group; WCB - Water Conservancy Bureau; WSO - Water Supply Organization; WUA - Water User Association, 14 Aninex 2: Participatory Rural Appraisal Methodologies Participatory Ilural Appraisals (PRAs). PRAs are an approach (and set of methodologies) for slhared leariniig betweeni local people and outsiders to enable development practitioners, governmii1enit officials, and local people to plan togetlher appropriate project interventionis. Key PRA PrinCciples include: • Participation: Local people serve as partnier-s in data collection and analysis; * Flexibility: PRAs are not a standaidized metlhodology, but depend on immediate purposes, resoul-ces, skills, and time; * Teainwork Outsiders and insiders, meni and womeni, and a mix of disciplines; and * Systeinalic Organized for validity and reliability, partly stratified sampling, and cross- checking Key PRA TechinIqS iuclsCude * Inter0iews and discussions with individuals, 11ouselholds, focus groups and community meetinigs; * Mapping ex,ercises (COImImIunIlity maps, personial maps, institutionial maps). See below; * Ranking exercises (problem, prefer-ence, and wealth ranking); and * Trend analnses (historiical diagrammi-ning, seasonal calendars, daily activity charts). Social Mapping A social map is tlhe emboclimnenit of farmers' local knowledge througlh vivid and visualized presenitationl of conditionis of a comm11uillty. Expressing matters familiar to farmers with their familiar materials can impr-ove tieir- willinginess to participate, though the method seems not so accurate. H-lowever, the division of higlher icome and poor made by means of map drawing proves to be more believable and reliable in practice. Accordingly, we suggest asking every participating village to draw a social communlity map in the design stage of the project as necessary referenices for activities (suchi as determinationi of target groups) in the design and implementationi stages How to Draw Comm1unllity Maps9 * Conlenls of A Community Mlap cind Principles for Drawing. A community map is a visualized presenitationi of the social sitUatiOn of a community (e.g. administrative village), WhlicIh includes: natural conditionls of village; locations of basic facilities, farmier families, villag,ers' committees, ancestral temples and clinics in the village; economic position of farmer families, populationl, kinshiip, etc. A comm11ullity Imap must be drawn by local farmers other thani officials of local town and townshlip governmiienets or consultants Drawers are preferably 2-4 persons different in gender and living standard, a literate one of whomil shiall complete the actual drawing after discussing it's contenits with the other contributolrs 15 * Method ciicl Procedure I ) Spread a big piece of whiite paper on a table, prepare a pencil and rubber; 2) Explain the drawing metliod ancl inforimiationi needed to the drawer; 3) Ask the drawer- to draw hiis comimiuniity map in hiis familiar manner and mark all the natulal and social inforimiationi in the comIllnllity as detailed as possible; 4) A comImillty map is less confilned In the precision of orientation and scale; 5) Always prompt the drawer- to mark necessary messages and sigins with wlhiCil to indicate these messages, and 6) WhenI a comImluLlity map Is finishied, ask the drawer to sign his name and the date of drawing on the lower righit coriner of the map. 16 Aninex 3: Guidance lor a Gender Specialist Training Program Objective aind Scope of Gendeir Trainiing. The objective to pursue a Social Gender Program withinl the context of the project is to empower womeni, help them break away from the status of affiliation to men in ideology and daily life, enable them to take an active part in the development of the project and comImlullity and become full participants in development. Training of personnel to carry oult gender promotinig work on the grounid is a means by whicil this objective can be achleved The Social Gender Specialist Traininig aims to enilance sensitivity to, and practical skills of, social gender analysis, and help the participants to master social gender analytical methods and demonstr-ate 11ow to use them to assess plroJect's in their own organizations. Training Participants. The training iiiay be carried out by experts on woian issues, anthiropologists, sociologists, etc. from academic research institutes or social assessment and consultanit institutionis. Traininig participants shiall include male and female project management and extensionl staff, womeni represenitatives from the project areas, personnel engaged in women's developmenit project's fiom managerial bodies (all levels of project offices, women's federation, miniority andl religion acdlmin istrations, etc.), womeni teclm icianis, women representatives of nationlal minior-ities, etc. Contents ol Trainiiig * BrieFingl concepts on social gender and womenl's development; * Teaching theories ancl methiods on social gender; * Introducinlg practical workinig tools for the Social Gender Program and conducting practice exercises, * Discussioll: how to pult social gender- analysis and the project into practice. Draft Traininig Schedlule Time Coi teints Mcethod Objectives Day I Briefing social gender Teachinig Giving participants a primary concepts with relation to perception of social gender womeni's developmenit theories Day 2 Thleori-es and methods of Dual inter active teaching Enhancing participants' social gender analysis and and topical discussion sensitivity to social gender programi analysis in combination with actual cases Day 3 Practical operative tools for Silmulationi exercises Applying tools of social gender Social Gender Programii analysis and program into the project Day 4 How to put social gender Discussioll Elevating participants' analysis aiid program into understanding of the project and practice operating capability 17