Government of South Sudan (GoSS) MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY (MAFS) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN For THE EMERGENCY FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY PROJECT SEPTEMBER 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................................. 3 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Project Development Objective.............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Objective of this Environment and Social Management Plan..................................... 6 1.3 The Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan ............................ 4 1.4 Monitoring Team....................................................................................................... 16 1.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................. 16 1.6 Procedures for handling complaints .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.7 Roles and Responsibilities ........................................................................................ 17 1.7.1 PIU/ Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security ............................................... 17 1.7.2 Implementing Agencies ..................................................................................... 17 1.8 Safeguards consultants .............................................................................................. 18 1.9 Contractual issues of Environmental concern ........................................................... 18 1.10 Capacity Development and Training ..................................................................... 19 1.10.1 Training program ............................................................................................... 19 2|Page ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS EFNSP Emergency Food and Nutrition Security Project ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Mmanagement Plan FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation GFPR Global Food Price Response Trust Fund GOSS Government of South Sudan IPs Implementing Partners (IPs) IPMP Integrated Pest Management Plan IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan MAFS Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations OP Operational Policy PIU Project Implementation Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan SDGs Sustainable Development Goals TOR Terms of Reference UNICEF United Nations International Children Emergency Fund. WB World Bank WFP World Food Programme 3|Page 1 Introduction The proposed South Sudan Emergency Food and Nutrition Security Project (EFNSP) primarily seeks to provide emergency food security assistance to the most vulnerable sections of the population and prevent or address malnutrition, especially among children and pregnant/lactating mothers. In addition, the project will support the resumption of crop and livestock production and therefore recovery of livelihoods for sections of the farming population which could engage in crop and livestock activities when the drought begins to recede. Broadly therefore, the project will contribute to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition (SDG2); and SDG1 on ending poverty in all its forms as the proposed support will also help prevent beneficiaries from sliding further into poverty. To the extent that the project will contribute to poverty reduction, it is also aligned with the World Bank’s Strategic Goal of ending extreme poverty. The project aims at (i) to provide food and nutrition support for the protection of lives and human capital of eligible beneficiaries; and (ii) to help farmers re-engage in agricultural production in selected drought- affected areas in South Sudan. The main project focus will be (i) providing emergency support for immediate food and nutrition security requirements, and (ii) assisting farmers to re‐engage in crop and livestock production to meet their own food security requirements. 1.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) delineates specific actions for mitigating the potential significant impacts, stakeholders responsible for the implementation of proposed measures, the responsible persons, and cost as presented in this document. An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) will be used to monitor and inspect Iimplementing Ppartners’ (IPs) compliance to environmental and safeguard issues. Monthly monitoring reports will be prepared showing the status of implementation of mitigation measures, challenges and emerging/unforeseen impacts during implementation phase. The IPsmplementing Agencies shall be required to prepare/have the following documents in order to guide safeguards implementation:  Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)  Monitoring and Iinspection Rreport 4|Page  Grievance Rredress Mmechanism  Gender and, HIV/AIDS Pprotection Pplan The ESMP Social and Environmental Management Plan has been developed and covers:- (i) major activities of the environmental management and monitoring plan that require attention, roles and responsibilities for the Project, Contractual issues of eEnvironmental concern, capacity development and training. It provides guidance on how to mitigate the identified eEnvironmental and sSocial issues and persons responsible. The suggested mitigation measures for anticipated adverse environmental impacts in this document will be shared with IPsmplementing Agencies/Partners and Project Implementing Unit (PIU) to be implemented. Environmental monitoring will be carried out to ensure that the project activities comply and adhere to Environment and Social requirements. In addition, monitoring will be undertaken to ensure that the compliance is achieved. The PIU have competent engineers and the Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialists to ensure that commitments are implemented. It will also include regular reviews of the impacts that cannot be adequately assessed before the beginning of the project, or which arise unexpectedly. In such cases, appropriate new actions to mitigate any adverse effects will be undertaken. Monitoring will involve measurements, observations, evaluations, assessment and reporting on the following variables during the implementation phases of the project activities. Major activities of the environmental management and monitoring plan that require attention for the project activities are:  Health and safety of the beneficiaries during public works and other project activities.  Agriculture practices and methodologies adopted  Waste management and disposal.  Runoff and soil erosion from the project activities  Gender issues including sexual harassment and HIV/AIDS.  Grievances and social conflicts 5|Page 1.2 Objective of this Environment and Social Management Plan The objective of Social and Environmental Management plan study is to avoid possible adverse impacts of a project and to maintain the existing Environmental and Social quality. It communicates all aspects of the project implementation which are relevant to environment. It is essential to implement the ESMP from the planning stage and then continuing it throughout the project implementation stages. Therefore the main objective of the ESMP is to identify the project specific activities that should be considered as having significant adverse impacts and the mitigation measures required as discussed in the table below. 6|Page Table 1: Environmental and Social Management Plan ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N. Loss of habitat  Loss of vegetation cover  Conversion of land to  Agroforestry and XX  Implementi Throughout agriculture, Conservation agriculture ng Agency life cycle  Loss of biodiversity  Illegal forest and (PIU) project.  Sensitization and training  Impaired catchments riverine/aquatic habitats  Implementi function,  Encroachment activities. ng partner (IP)  Increased soil erosion ,  Community  Increased pressure for leaders. fuel wood and charcoal burning from remaining forest areas. Poor Farming  Loss of vegetation cover  Overuse of  Crop diversification and XX  Implementi Throughout practices and pesticides/agrochemicals, intensification, ng Agency life cycle  Loss of agro technologies: (PIU) project. biodiversity  Cultivation of crops  Water catchments  Implementi unsuitable to an agro- protection,  Impaired catchments ng partner ecological zone, function,  Monitoring encroachment (IP)  Monoculture, into forests  Increased soil erosion  Community and sedimentation,  Encroachment into forest  Building awareness on leaders. reserves, protected areas critical tree species.  Declining soil etc. productivity (soil and 7|Page ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N. nutrient loss),  Pollution of surface and ground water, Soil contamination, Risks to human health. Soil erosion  Landscape distortion Slashing, digging and  Scour checks, XX  Implementi Throughout from gully formation desilting drainage channels. ng Agency life cycle  Plant shrubs or grass or (PIU) project.  washing away soil, Bare shed trees where necessary,  Implementi rock/Soils, silting,  Minimize clearing of ng partner  Blocking channels and vegetation in areas where (IP) carrying away property. project activities are not  Community going to take place. leaders.  Soil nutrient loss Development  Health of neighbouring  Small scale value added  Value addition of maize, XX  Implementi Throughout of agro population, Worker operations at mangoes, sorghum, millet ng Agency life cycle processing: health and safety, household/community and other crops (PIU) project. level  3”R” principal (Reduce,  Implementi  Land use changes and Reuse, recycle) ng partner increased  Transport of produce (IP)  Monoculture to meet  Packaging and Marketing  Community raw material needs of leaders. agro—industries,  Pollution from agro- processing 8|Page ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N. Agriculture-  Reduction in  Conflict for food/water  Negotiating support XX  Environmen Throughout wildlife populations of key other resources between  Establishing conflict tal Dept. life cycle conflicts: wildlife species livestock, wildlife and resolutions mechanism Officers project. humans,   Risk of death/injury to Set penalties,  Implementi farmers/pastoralists  Crop raiding  Fast compensation and ng Agency benefit sharing with (PIU)  Illegal hunting  Implementi neighbouring communities ng partner (IP)  Community leaders. Climate  Loss of vegetation  Vegetation clearing  Soil and water conservation XX  Implementi Throughout change cover, Impaired techniques, ng Agency life cycle  Cutting trees, catchment function, (PIU) project.  Mono culture,  Check Dams  Increased soil erosion,  Implementi Increased pressure on  Charcoal burning  planting deep rooted trees ng partner forested/ natural Agro forestry practices, (IP) vegetation for fuel wood  Community  Crop diversification & charcoal burning leaders.  Law enforcement Crop-specific  Reduced agro- Application of fungicides and  Use recommended organic XX  Implementi Throughout impacts: biodiversity value, pesticides/excess fertilizer and inorganic fertilizers for ng Agency life cycle soil improvement (PIU) project.  Pollution from  Implementi agrochemicals (e.g.  Biodiversity conservation , ng partner Pollution control through 9|Page ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N. pesticides on rice), flashing with excess water (IP) Practices IPM approaches  Community  Nutrient mining, leaders.  Reduced genetic material, Interference to Irreparable damage to Removal of cultural objects  Stop construction activities XX  Implementi Throughout Cultural and/or loss of physical and delineate area, ng Agency life cycle Resources cultural resources (PIU) project.  Secure area to prevent  Implementi damage and/or removal of ng partner objects (IP)  Notify responsible  Community authorities immediately, leaders.  Work with authorities on decision about how to handle the find and proceed. Resource poor Food insecurity at house Failure to get support  Use of contract service XX  Implementi Throughout farmers not hold level and Poverty providers ng Agency life cycle able to access (PIU) project. extension  Subsidy on farm inputs by  Implementi services and the government agricultural ng partner inputs:  Use radios, TV, and internet (IP) services and mobile SMS in passing on messages,  Community 10 | P a g e ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N.  Group demonstration of leaders. technologies, use participatory methods of technology transfer. Poor  Research fails to  Poor monitoring of  Use of contract service XX  Implementi Throughout Monitoring of transform livelihood of developed agricultural for providers, ng Agency life cycle developed the poor impacts on adoption (PIU) project.  Subsidy on farm inputs by agricultural people’s livelihoods  Implementi  Poor adaptation and the government, research ng partner  environmental utilization of agriculture technologies  Use radios TV, and internet (IP) management technology services and mobile SMS in  Community  Inability to scale-up best passing on messages, leaders. practices.  Group demonstration of technologies,  Use participatory methods of technology transfer. Cultural  Poor adoption of  Women have inadequate  Gender mainstreaming XX  Implementi Throughout gender bias agriculture technology, access to control of through training, ng Agency life cycle production resources even (PIU) project  Increased household  define women’s role in though they play a critical  Implementi food agriculture and role in agriculture, ng partner  Lack of control to  Target technology and (IP)  No control of production productive resources practices to increase or access to markets  Community and reduced productivity and reduce Leaders. 11 | P a g e ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N. productivity  No voice in decision burden making regarding agricultural technologies and policies at farm level, Lack of credit Attraction of  Land-related conflicts Project investments may Project implementers should XX  Implementi Throughout outside and additional pressure attract back returnees into the work carefully with ng Agency life cycle migrants on limited resources recipient communities who communities to devise (PIU) project may seek to benefit from the measures to support sustainable  Implementi  Rising population improvements. investments and ensure the ng partner pressures. inclusion of migrants into their (IP) communities.  Community Leaders. Minor Ethnic  Poverty Inadvertent exclusion of  Specific outreach activities XX  Implementi Throughout groups Small and minor groups from to the groups, Promote ng Agency life cycle  Livelihood insecurity neglected the project. subsidies for farm inputs by (PIU) project  Lack of knowledge and the government  Implementi access to modern ng partner practices and technology  Use radios, TV, and internet (IP) services and mobile SMS to  Community disseminate information to leaders. farmers  Group demonstration of technologies 12 | P a g e ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N.  use participatory methods of technology transfer Solid wastes  Slashing  Waste sorting and XX  Implementi Throughout  Bad smell segregation ng Agency life cycle  Desilting drainage  Infections (PIU) project channels  Compositing of organic  Implementi  Ugly scenery  farming practices waste ng partner  construction  Deterioration of land  Waste minimization (IP) granary and water quality activities  Reuse of bottles (packing  Community  Blockage of water and drip irrigation) Leaders. pipes/drainage channels.  Use light polythene as pothole filling material.  Engage communities on solid waste management and community sensitization  No dumping in wetland. Occupational  Injuries  Improper use or lack of  Provide appropriate PPE XX  Implementi Throughout Safety and PPE and human error Continuous sensitization on ng Agency life cycle Health  Loss of man hours due use PPE like gum boots and (PIU) project injuries and infections gloves  Implementi caused by farm work,  Sensitization and training ng partner  Increased medical bills on OHS issues and (IP) 13 | P a g e ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N. from treatment of work continuous supervision.  Community related injuries and  Institute a feedback and Leaders. infections Grievance Redress Mechanism  Enforce social norms Social conflicts  Quarrelling and use of Lack of equity in project N/A  Implementi Throughout  Stick to guidelines and abusive language during benefit sharing among project ng Agency life cycle procedures for project communication among participating household and (PIU) project implementation members selection of subproject  Implementi selection and participating  Main stream gender ng partner  Physical assault because house holds participation in the project (IP) of misunderstanding activity  Community between members Leaders.  Put in place measures for transparency and open communication among members(Ref. GRM) Sexual Sexual harassment  Sharing of tasks and  Adherence to ethical code N/A  Implementi Throughout harassment failure to separate women of conduct and sensitization ng Agency life cycle roles from men’s tasks (PIU) project  Implementi  Alcoholism and drugs ng partner among participating (IP) individuals  Community Leaders. 14 | P a g e ENVIRONMENT IMPACT IMPACT DRIVER PROPOSED MITIGATION ESTIMAT RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAM AL AND SOCIAL MEASURE(S) ED PERSON IMPLEMEN ISSUE (S) COST(IP) N. 15 | P a g e 1.3 Monitoring Team The monitoring and supervision of project activities will be undertaken by PIU and in collaboration with the implementing agencies to ensure that the mitigation path defined in the ESMP are implemented and maintained through the project cycle. In order to effective implement the ESMP, implementing partners will be required to have their own Environmental and Social Management Plan to facilitate self-monitoring of impacts and implement all recommended mitigation measures throughout the project phase. Under this phase, the implementing Agencies shall hire/employ an Environmental, Health Safety (EHS) Specialist as part of his employees to ensure integration of environment and social concerns into project operation. 1.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism Grievances that may arise during project implementation will be redressed through a systematic and documentable grievance redress mechanism. The mechanism will provide avenues for affected persons to lodge complaints or grievances against the project or Implementing Agency. The mechanism will also describe procedures, roles and responsibilities for managing grievances and resolving disputes. Appeals committees will be formed at community level and every aggrieved person shall be able to trigger this mechanism to quickly resolve their complaints, and solve grievance through the process outlined below;  All grievances and complaints will be received and recorded by the elected focal person/ secretary of the appeals committee.  Complaints and grievances will be submitted in writing or if the complainant cannot write he or she will make it orally.  If it is done orally, the focal person will record this complaint in writing and read it back out to person lodging the complaint or grievance.  The Appeal Committee will meet either periodically or as required to discuss and decide how to address the complaints and grievances received. 16 | P a g e  At the meeting the secretary must present the grievances to the Committee for review and action  The appeal committee must check whether the complaint is a perception only or whether there is a case of real unfairness and inconsistency in the implementation of the project and decide on the authority to which the appeal should be directed for redress;  If the complaint is related to project implementation but the committee feels it cannot be resolved at the community/ Village level, the appeal committee must forward the case to PIU to seek solution. 1.5 Roles and Responsibilities This section sets out the roles and responsibilities for the Project. 1.5.1 PIU/ Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security EFNSP will be implemented by the MAFS through an existing PIU. This PIU currently oversees implementation of three Bank‐financed projects with objectives that are similar to those proposed under EFNSP. The PIU is staffed with a Financial Management Specialist (FMS), an M&E Specialist and other support staff. An Environment and Social Safeguards Specialist and a Procurement Specialist will be recruited within one month of the Effectiveness Date. The mministry will assume overall responsibility for implementing conditions of this ESMP. During implementation, the ministry will assume overall responsibility and supervision over the Implementing partners’ compliance standards and obligations in the implementation of the ESMP (as well as wider contractual obligations). 1.5.2 Implementing Agencies The PIU will be supported by UN agencies that include UNICEF, WFP and FAO acting as specialized suppliers or providers of technical assistance in implementation of the project. This will guarantee both timely and effective implementation of planned activities. Where judged feasible and appropriate, local NGOs might also take on an implementation role. In this case, the role of the PIU will be limited to contracting the implementing agencies, monitoring and supervising their performance and reporting to the Bank. 17 | P a g e During project implementation, the ministry will engage Implementing Agency to comply with all relevant legislation and adhere to all mitigation measures specified in the ESMP. The ministry will be responsible for ensuring that measures in the ESMPs are complied to. The Implementing Agencies must have sufficient, adequate and competently resourced to fulfil the environmental and social requirements established in this ESMP and supporting documentation. Implementing Agency will be responsible for the ongoing management of potential Environmental and Social impacts of all contract activities, regardless of whether these are undertaken by the IP themselves or by their subcontractors. 1.6 Safeguards consultants The consultant shall be responsible for providing reports with analysis of current situation, recommendations, and communicating Environmental and Social issues of the project to respective stake holders. The consultant will also prepare routine update, quarterly progress reports and contract completion report. 2 Obligations of the Implementing Partners to mitigate impacts In order to ensure that mitigation measures are appropriately mitigated, the IP and PIU will undertake the following measures  The IP will provide a formal commitment to comply with the requirements of this ESMP;  The IP will be required to prepare a stand alone ESMP and other related Plans to ensure project implementation complies to requisite environmental requirement;  The IP will provide formal written reports to the PIU in accordance with requirements set- out in this ESMP;  The IP will induct all personnel working on the project on the contents of this ESMP and any penalties arising from non-compliance;  The IP shall clearly identify and delineate the project confines to ensure works do not destroy the vegetation in non-work areas. 18 | P a g e  The IP will be responsible for notifying the ministry of any complaint or grievances received and of any corrective actions identified and implemented. 2.1 Capacity Development and Training A key component of ESMP success depends on effective capacity building and the training of the beneficiaries, IP team and PIU staff to ensure there is proper compliance with the environmental and social obligations, the following are suggested: 2.1.1 Training program During project implementation, the PIU together with IP shall develop and implement a Training Plan outlining training requirements, topics, and areas of capacity building, and stake holders requiring training. The Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialist from PIU shall work together with IP to identify the knowledge and skills necessary for implementation of the ESMP and associated management plans. All those involved in the management and implementation of any aspect of the ESMP shall be adequately trained. Training shall include:  Why the environment needs to be protected and conserved;  How the project activities can impact the environment;  What can be done to mitigate against such impacts;  Awareness of the ESMP and sub-plans;  Awareness of emergency and spills response provisions; and  Social responsibility during project implementation e.g. being considerate to beneficiaries and local residents. They shall ensure that all workers have been inducted and shall regularly monitor that occupational health and safety requirements are implemented. The Employer’s representative shall audit that all requirements are met. Where occupational health and safety requirements are not being implemented relevant workers shall immediately be trained and instructed to implement these requirements. 19 | P a g e