37797 Fishes of Mongolia A check-list of the fishes known to occur in Mongolia with comments on systematics and nomenclature MAURICE KOTTELAT Fishes of Mongolia A check-list of the fishes known to occur in Mongolia with comments on systematics and nomenclature Maurice Kottelat September 2006 ©2006 e International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA September 2006 All rights reserved. is report has been funded by e World Bank's Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform (NEMO). Some photographs were obtained during different activities and the author retains all rights over all photographs included in this report. Environment and Social Development Unit East Asia and Pacific Region World Bank Washington D.C. Contact details for author: Maurice Kottelat Route de la Baroche 12, Case Postale 57, CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland. Email: mkottelat@dplanet.ch is volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ e World Bank. e findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of e World Bank or the governments they represent. e World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. e boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of e World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. e material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. e International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ e World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. 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Contents Contents Foreword v Acronyms and Abbreviations vii Acknowledgments ix Executive Summary xi Introduction 1 Methods 3 Species Lists 7 Accounts of Species Recorded from Mongolia 13 Family Petromyzontidae 13 Family Acipenseridae 14 Family Salmonidae 15 Family Coregonidae 18 Family ymallidae 23 Family Esocidae 26 Family Cyprinidae 27 Family Nemacheilidae 50 Family Cobitidae 56 Family Siluridae 58 Family Lotidae 58 Family Percidae 59 Family Cottidae 59 Family Odontobutidae 61 Unidentifiable Records 61 Accounts of Species Recorded from Adjacent Areas 63 Recommendations 65 Bibliography 67 Appendix 1. Nomenclatural Information 85 Appendix 2. Figures 93 Addendum 103 iii Foreword Foreword W ater is an essential element in Mongolia's development plans; initiatives currently being considered include projects such as hydroelectric dams, water transfers, irrigation schemes, and aquaculture. Assessing the impacts of these projects on freshwater biodiversity is hindered by inadequate knowledge of the fauna. e World Bank is supporting Mongolia in its efforts to ensure sustainable exploitation of its considerable natural resources. is report is the latest product of the Environment and Social Development Department in the East Asia and Pacific Region of the World Bank, and has been produced within the framework of the Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform (NEMO). is wide-reaching initiative has touched almost all aspects of environmental management in Mongolia in 2005­06. In addition to this study, we have supported several other studies, such as assessing threats and devising management needs for a number of animal groups, analyzing the illegal wildlife trade and the illegal timber trade, and evaluating the success of tree planting projects. is report establishes a reliable and comprehensive list of Mongolian fish. e work is based on a review of the existing literature; interviews with local and international experts; examination of material preserved in natural history museums and research institutes in Beijing, Wuhan, St. Petersburg, Berlin, Stockholm and Paris; and supplementary fieldwork. Maurice Kottelat has applied his unparalleled knowledge of the fish of the region to write a critical analysis of the fish fauna of Mongolia. is report represents an essential foundation of knowledge. Together with the recently published Red List of Mongolian Fish and the Action Plans for Mongolian Fish (which we also supported), it should provide indispensable material to support environmental impact assessments for any development project affecting water resources in Mongolia. is is the second time such a report has been published by the World Bank. We do so again in recognition of the foundational role of taxonomy in sustainable development, of the importance of freshwater biodiversity in the lives of subsistence and commercial fishers, and of the important role that biological knowledge plays in natural resource planning. Magda Lovei Arshad M. Sayed Environment Sector Manager Mongolia Country Manager East Asia and Pacific Region e World Bank e World Bank v Abbreviations and Acronyms Acronyms and Abbreviations CD Coefficient of difference Code International Code on Zoological Nomenclature EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESC Evolutionary Species Concept IHB Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan IZCAS Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) NEMO Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform PCA Principle Component Analysis SL Standard length USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics WWF World Wide Fund for Nature ZISP Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg ZMB Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin vii Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I am pleased to thank the following persons for their help at different stages of this work. M. Erdenebat (Institute of Geo-Ecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences) assisted in the field and provided literature, information, and translations. A. Dulmaa (Institute of Biology, MAS) provided literature and a visit to material under her care. Nina Bogutskaya translated some Russian texts. E. Zhang translated some Chinese texts. B. Mendsaikhan (Institute of Geo-Ecology, MAS) provided information and literature. Nina Bogutskaya, Alexander Naseka (Institute of Zoology, St Petersburg), E. Zhang (Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan), Zhang Chun-Guang, Zhao Yahui, Li Gaoyang (Institute of Zoology, Beijing), Peter Bartsch, and Christa Lamour (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin) provided access to material under their care and various museum and library facilities. Nina Bogutskaya read and commented on the text. Editorial assistance was provided by Bob Livernash, and the publication process was handled by Bryony Morgan, who spent many long hours checking and re-checking the text and compiling photographs. I am pleased to thank M. Erdenebat, Zeb Hogan and Johannes Schöffmann for permission to use their photographs. is publication would never have come to light without the efforts, help, tenacity and friendship of Tony Whitten of the World Bank who planned and organised the work, and made enormous efforts to get all possible benefit from it. e study was funded by the Government of the Netherlands through the Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform (NEMO). ix Summary Executive Executive Summary A total of 76 native fish species are reliably recorded in Mongolia's waters. Five of them are possibly new to science and unnamed. Five additional species are often reported as being present in Mongolia but are in fact only presumed to exist and should be deleted from the Mongolian faunal lists. Four other species are introduced species that have not been sighted for years and presumably did not become established, and a further two are introduced species which have become established. Nine species are known from immediately adjacent waters in China and Russia and might be present, either as permanent inhabitants or vagrant individuals. e systematic status and nomenclature of all species have been reevaluated. Compared to the last synthesis of the fishes known from the same area (Baasanjav & Tsendayush, 2001), 11 (15 percent) of the 72 formerly recognized species are invalid, and the names of 28 (39 percent) of the then-known species were incorrect (either because of misidentifications, or for various nomenclatural reasons). erefore, in total more than half (39 out of 72) of the species in this synthesis were incorrectly listed, to which a further 15 species not previously recognized should be added. is clearly demonstrates that present knowledge of fish diversity in Mongolia is far from adequate, that the number of species is underestimated, and that more species probably still await discovery. Survey work is needed in addition to an approach of taxonomy incorporating modern standards, concepts, and procedures. e fish fauna of the Chinese provinces of Xinjiang and Nei Mongol and of the Russian Tuva and Buryatia Republics have been compared with the Mongolian fish fauna, where relevant, in an attempt to make the nomenclatures used in the three countries compatible and in agreement with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Some of the systematic findings and nomenclatural changes are summarized in the section containing species lists. is exercise has revealed a large number of nomenclatural inconsistencies across boundaries, and many species in Mongolia, China, and Russia which are not yet properly named. ere are indications (and in many cases, firm evidence) that a number of widely distributed "species" in fact are artificial assemblages of species restricted to a small geographic area. is has immediate implications for resource management and conservation because species endemic to a small area, or to a single lake or stream, have greater biodiversity value and thus require closer attention. Also, the transplantation across drainage boundaries of fish stocks believed to be different populations of a single species may actually be the introduction of a species into the range of another species, carrying all the risks associated with introductions, including the risk of replacement of the original species with a hybrid complex. xi Introduction Introduction T his publication results from work conducted in 2005 as part of a consultancy funded by the World Bank's Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform (NEMO). is particular project concerned freshwater fish biodiversity in the context of establishing reliable lists of Mongolian animals, in order to prepare reliable lists of threatened species for which conservation action is necessary. is work is based on a review of the existing literature, interviews with local and international experts, examination of material preserved in natural history museums and research institutes in Beijing, Wuhan, St. Petersburg, and Berlin (plus others that I had examined before this project in Stockholm and Paris), and a limited amount of field work (one weekend in central Mongolia). Although there is a general assumption that the diversity of the Mongolian fish fauna is well known and there is not much interest in investing time, money, and effort in further taxonomic work, my observations show that much remains to be done. I found that a number of the Mongolian fish species are still unnamed, many are misidentified, and that several earlier taxonomic works present problems. Besides, there are a vast number of nomenclatural problems, most of which cannot be solved without additional extensive data on the fauna of adjacent areas in Russia, Kazakhstan, China, and Korea. e problems largely result from different conceptual approaches to taxonomy, the lack of communication (an obvious result of international politics and linguistic problems, from which I also suffered), and in part an ignorance or non-respect of international practices or of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. As an example of the serious limitation of our knowledge of the Mongolian fish fauna and of the extremely serious need for careful attention, I will cite my limited experience in the field. My schedule and terms of reference during the first research visit to Mongolia did not allow for actual field work, but I did manage to spend a weekend in the field. Of course, this could not be far from Ulaanbaatar. One of the two places I visited was Terelj Nature Reserve, close to the bridge on Tuul River, an area which had probably been visited by all ichthyologists who have been in Mongolia in the last 50 years. Field work was not planned when I left for Mongolia and I was therefore totally unequipped for efficient sampling. Erdenebat M. and I had to resort to primitive tools almost constructed on the spot. Nevertheless, we collected six species, of which there were identification problems for four. One is locally identified under the name of a European species (Phoxinus phoxinus), but is clearly a distinct species; one is identified 1 e as a very variable species (Barbatula toni) with a strong suspicion that several species are confused under nomenclatur that name; two are species new to science (Barbatula sp. Tuul, Triplophysa sp. Tuul), of which the last one and is the first record of the genus in the Selenge (and Yenisei) drainage. e last two also belong to species reported to be very variable (Rhynchocypris czekanowskii, Cobitis melanoleuca), which still deserve study throughout their ranges (all of northern Asia and parts of Europe and northern China). systematics on e purpose of the present check-list is to present an overview of our present knowledge of the diversity, systematics, and nomenclature of the fishes of Mongolia. It also includes a selected bibliography of the publications of greatest immediate concern when working on this fauna. comments with Although two books have already been published on the fishes of Mongolia (Sokolov, 1983; Baasanjav & Tsendayush, 2001) they are outdated and somewhat misleading. e first task is to ensure that the ongolia nomenclature used in Mongolia, China, Russia, Korea, and in the rest of the world are compatible M and conforms to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [Code hereafter] (International in Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). occur to Decisions of a strictly scientific nature can be influenced by non-scientific considerations, and this wn negatively impacts the efficiency of field work and research. It also interferes with scientific exchanges. kno Exchange of material, data and knowledge is necessary for good management of natural resources, and is shesfi beneficial for the country in the long run; if one is able to benefit from the results of research conducted the abroad, there is no need to replicate it and this saves time, effort and money. e present work had to be of done with access to only a limited number of samples and this obviously has limited the conclusions. In many instances, very little additional work is needed to solve complex problems, but this last step has not been possible. is is indicated in the text (e.g., under Barbatula compressirostris, Cottus dzungaricus). check-list e list in this report includes all the fishes which have been recorded in the scientific literature or observed by myself in Mongolia. Species recorded from within a few kilometres upstream or downstream ongolia--A M of the Mongolian border in China and Russia but not yet known from Mongolia are not included in of the Mongolian fauna, but their distribution and taxonomy is discussed. Records based on the literature are included but only if they seem reasonably reliable; that is, either there are ways to confirm the ishesF identification from the document itself or from voucher specimens, or the author(s) is (are) known to be well experienced. Fisheries records have not been taken into consideration since they tend to be unreliable and/or too superficial for serious biodiversity work. Introduced species are discussed only if they have established self-sustaining (breeding) populations or are regularly observed. A very small area of westernmost Mongolia drains to the Irtysh River. ere is almost no data on the fishes of that area. Data on the fishes of adjacent areas in China can be found in Anonym (1979). 2 Methods T hespeciesconceptusedhereinistheevolutionaryspeciesconcept(seeMayden&Wood,1995; Kottelat, 1997). e formal synonymies include only references to original descriptions of nominal species and only those based on material from Asia and usually ignore those nominal species whose type locality is in Europe or North America. I did not include information on type material as this does not seem relevant for the level of the present discussion, except in a few Methods exceptional cases. e spellings of scientific names in the synonymies follow exactly those in the cited publications; this explains the apparent inconsistencies. e nomenclatural authors (the authors who first established a name) are not used in the text because they do not add to the discussion; to the contrary, they make the reading more difficult and often create confusion for the readers not familiar with nomenclatural rules. Anyway, their citation is only an optional tool for retrieval of bibliography and--contrary to a frequent misperception--their mention is not compulsory. For those who absolutely wish to know them, they are given in Table 1 and can also be retrieved from the formal synonymies. Nomenclaturally relevant information for species cited in the text but not part of the Mongolian fauna are listed in Appendix 1. Place names in the formal synonymies are as they appear in the original publication, including the then-administrative or political units. In several of these historical accounts, "Mongolia" includes present Mongolia, as well as Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Tibet, and adjacent areas. ere are inconsistencies in the spelling or transcription of the names of rivers, lakes, and localities used in this report. My efforts to find maps showing all names in a consistent system failed, as well as to find a reviewer. I could have tried to adjust them, but these could result in introducing errors and confusion and I prefer to stick to names as they appear in the literature or in the various maps accessible to me. Toponymy for China follows whenever feasible Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Fen Sheng Dituji (Hanyu Pinyinban), Beijing, 1977. e "Great Lakes Valley", or "Lakes Valley" of Russian authors is called Great Lakes Basin, and the "Gobi Valley" is called Gobi Lakes Valley. is follows WWF ecoregion terminology (ecoregions PA1316 and PA1315, respectively; http://worldwildlife.org/science/ecoregions/palearctic.cfm). I have not attempted to list all citations of a given name as this would have been much too time-consuming and detrimental to more important issues within the limited time available. e discussions on the status of Chinese species of the family Cyprinidae is based to some extent on Chen (1998) and Yue (2000). In many cases, I have followed these conclusions, but I have to indicate some 3 e nomenclatur and systematics on comments with ongolia M in occur to wn kno shesfi the of check-list ongolia--A M of ishesF 4 reservations because I have a strong feeling that the species diversity is severely underestimated for many groups. Bibliography and references: years in bold font indicate sources that I have not been able to examine personally; the data quoted from these sources are those repeated in the literature. For a few species that present identification problems, the abbreviation "cf." added between the genus and the species names indicates a species that looks similar to a named species but possibly represents a distinct, unnamed species. For example Brachymystax cf. tumensis indicates that the species is similar to B. tumensis but until a revision (a comparison of all species of the genus) can be done, one cannot be absolutely sure. Best Guesses As will be obvious from many of the comments below, the status of many species/populations/names is still far from clear and cannot be elucidated without actual baseline studies, especially not without a sampling program to obtain the material suitable for a professional taxonomic analysis. Decisions might be needed in relation with conservation issues and it is likely that many decisions cannot be delayed until the taxonomy can be elucidated. As this report is written within a conservation background and aim, it Methods seems important that users may make decisions even in the absence of complete data or final taxonomic conclusion. is might be important, for example, when precautionary decisions have to be made, or research targets have to be defined. For these reasons, a number of species accounts include my "best guess" or "educated guess" of what is likely to appear once the discussed problems can be clarified. Clearly, these best guesses are not at all scientific results but can be considered as scientific hypotheses. ey are based on a blend of knowledge of the fauna, of the topography, of the mechanisms underlying areas of endemism, experience with the literature, with the way of working of earlier (and recent) scientists and, the most important tool in the field, instinct. An educated guess often is the only efficient tool (and the only available) in the absence of reliable data, in the field or for triage, whatever academics and theoreticians may say. 5 Species Lists T he check-list below summarizes nomenclaturally valid names of Mongolian fish species, with taxonomic authority. e apparent inconsistency with the use of parentheses in fact is precisely dictated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. e presence of parentheses indicates that the species was placed in a different genus by its original author. For example, Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773) was first described by Pallas in 1773 as a species of the genus Salmo, therefore the parentheses, and B. tumensis Mori, 1930 was originally described by Mori in 1930 as a species of the genus Brachymystax, therefore no parentheses. Native Petromyzontidae Lethenteron reissneri (Dybowski, 1869) Lists Acipenseridae Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869 Acipenser schrenckii Brandt, 1869 Salmonidae Species Hucho taimen (Pallas, 1773) Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773) Brachymystax cf. tumensis Mori, 1930 Coregonidae Coregonus chadary Dybowski, 1869 Coregonus migratorius (Georgi, 1775) Coregonus pidschian (Gmelin, 1789) ymallidae ymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776) ymallus baicalensis Dybowski, 1874 ymallus brevirostris Kessler, 1879 ymallus grubii Dybowski, 1869 ymallus nigrescens Dorogostaisky, 1923 ymallus sp. 1 Esocidae Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 Esox reichertii Dybowski, 1869 Cyprinidae Acheilognathus asmussii (Dybowski, 1872) 7 e Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) nomenclatur Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) and Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855) Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855) Culter alburnus Basilewsky, 1855 systematics Cyprinus rubrofuscus La Cepède, 1803 on Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas, 1814) Gnathopogon strigatus (Regan, 1908) Gobio acutipinnatus Menshikov, 1939 comments Gobio cynocephalus Dybowski, 1869 with Gobio sibiricus Nikolski, 1936 Gobio soldatovi Berg, 1914 ongolia Gobio tenuicorpus Mori, 1934 M Gobio sp. Onon in Hemibarbus labeo (Pallas, 1776) occur Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker, 1871 to Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) wn Hemiculter varpachovskii Nikolski, 1904 kno Ladislavia taczanowskii Dybowski, 1869 shesfi Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski, 1874) the Leuciscus dzungaricus Koch & Paepke, 1998 of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski, 1869) Microphysogobio anudarini Holcík & Pivnicka, 1969 check-list Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus Bogutskaya, 2001 Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski, 1899 Oreoleuciscus humilis Warpachowski, 1889 ongolia--A M Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler, 1879) of Phoxinus cf. phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Phoxinus ujmonensis Kashchenko, 1899 ishesF Pseudaspius leptocephalus (Pallas, 1776) Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski, 1869) Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski, 1869) Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi (Berg, 1914) Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker, 1871 Squalidus chankaensis (Dybowski, 1872) Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) Nemacheilidae Barbatula compressirostris (Warpachowski, 1897) Barbatula dgebuadzei (Prokofiev, 2003) Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869) Barbatula sp. Tuul Barbatula sp. Egiin Lefua costata Kessler, 1876 8 Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002 Triplophysa sp. Tuul Cobitidae Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925 Iksookimia lebedevi (Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1984) Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869) Siluridae Silurus asotus Linnaeus, 1758 Lotidae Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) Percidae Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 Cottidae Cottus szanaga Dybowski, 1869 Mesocottus haitej (Dybowski, 1869) Leocottus kesslerii (Dybowski, 1874) Odontobutidae Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 Introduced a) Species that established self-sustaining populations Coregonidae Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1789) Lists Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 b) Species usually reported to be present in Mongolia but apparently result from occasional capture of stocked or aquaculture individuals, or introduced species that did not establish Species Coregonidae Coregonus sardinella Valenciennes, 1848 Cyprinidae Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) Siluridae Silurus soldatovi Nikolski & Soin, 1948 9 e e list below contains the invalid names, synonyms, misidentifications, main misspellings, and erroneous nomenclatur records appearing in recent Mongolian literature and Russian and Chinese literature for adjacent areas and and their valid equivalents. INVALID NAMES VALID NAME systematics Acanthorhodeus asmussi Acheilognathus asmussii on Acipenser baeri baicalensis Acipenser baerii Barbatula barbatula toni Barbatula toni comments Barbatula nuda misidentified Barbatula toni Carassius auratus gibelio Carassius gibelio with Chilogobio czerskii misidentified Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi Chilogobio soldatovi Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi ongolia M Cobitis granoei olivai misidentified, C. melanoleuca in Cobitis granoei misidentified, C. melanoleuca occur Cobitis lebedevi Iksookimia lebedevi to Cobitis taenia granoei misidentified, C. melanoleuca wn Cobitis taenia sibirica misidentified, C. melanoleuca kno Cobitis taenia misidentified, C. melanoleuca shesfi Coregonus autumnalis migratorius Coregonus migratorius the Coregonus cylindraceus Prosopium cylindraceum; no actual record from of Mongolia Coregonus mongolicus Prosopium cylindraceum; no actual record from check-list Mongolia Coregonus lavaretus pidschian Coregonus pidschian Cottus kesslerii Leocottus kesslerii ongolia--A Cottus poecilopus misidentified Cottus szanaga M of Cottus sibiricus no actual record from Mongolia Culter brevicauda Culter alburnus ishesF Culter erythropterus applied to both Chanodichthys erythropterus and Culter alburnus Culter mongolicus Chanodichthys mongolicus Cultrichthys erythropterus applied to both Chanodichthys erythropterus and Culter alburnus Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Cyprinus rubrofuscus Cyprinus carpio applied to both Cyprinus carpio (introduced) and C. rubrofuscus (native) Eleotris glehni Perccottus glenii Erythroculter erythropterus applied to both Chanodichthys erythropterus and Culter alburnus Erythroculter mongolicus Chanodichthys mongolicus Gnathopogon chankaensis Squalidus chankaensis Gobio albipinnatus tenuicorpus Gobio tenuicorpus Gobio albipinnatus Gobio tenuicorpus Gobio gobio cynocephalus applied to both Gobio cynocephalus and G. sibiricus Gobio gobio sibiricus Gobio sibiricus 10 Gobio gobio misidentified Gobio acutipinnatus, G. cynocephalus, G. sibiricus Gobio soldatovi tungussicus misidentified Gobio sp. Onon Hemiculter bleekeri varpachovskii Hemiculter varpachovskii Hemiculter lucidus Hemiculter varpachovskii Hemiculter lucidus varpachovskii Hemiculter varpachovskii Huso dauricus no actual record from Mongolia Iksookimia choii misidentified Iksookimia lebedevi Lagowskiella czekanowskii Rhynchocypris czekanowskii Lagowskiella lagowskii Rhynchocypris lagowskii Lampetra japonica Lethenteron camtschaticum; no actual record from Mongolia Lampetra reissneri Lethenteron reissneri Lethenteron japonicum Lethenteron camtschaticum; no actual record from Mongolia Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis Leuciscus baicalensis Microphysogobio amurensis misidentified, Microphysogobio anudarini Microphysogobio tungting misidentified, Microphysogobio anudarini Misgurnus anguillicaudatus misidentified Misgurnus mohoity Nemacheilus barbatula toni Barbatula toni Nemacheilus dorsalis humilis invalid name replaced by Triplophysa gundriseri Nemacheilus nudus misidentified Barbatula toni Nemacheilus toni Barbatula toni Lists Nemachilus cobdonensis see under Barbatula compressirostris Nemachilus compressirostris Barbatula compressirostris Noemacheilus stoliczkai no actual record from Mongolia Noemacheilus strauchi misidentified Triplophysa gundriseri Species Oreoleuciscus pewzowi misidentified Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus Orthrias dgebuadzei Barbatula dgebuadzei Orthrias golubtsovi see under Barbatula compressirostris Orthrias toni Barbatula toni Paracottus kessleri Leocottus kesslerii Paraleucogobio strigatus Gnathopogon strigatus Parasilurus asotus Silurus asotus Phoxinus czekanowskii Rhynchocypris czekanowskii Phoxinus lagowskii Rhynchocypris lagowskii Phoxinus oxycephalus misidentified Rhynchocypris lagowskii Phoxinus percnurus Eupallasella percnurus Phoxinus perenurus Eupallasella percnurus Prosopium cylindraceum Prosopium cylindraceum; no actual record from Mongolia Rhinchocypris Rhynchocypris Rhynchocypris costata misidentified Rhynchocypris lagowskii Rhynchoypris oxycephalus misidentified Rhynchocypris lagowskii Romanogobio tenuicorpus Gobio tenuicorpus 11 e Rostrogobio amurensis misidentified Microphysogobio anudarini nomenclatur Rutilus rutilus lacustris Rutilus rutilus and Sarcocheilichthys czerskii misidentified Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnus czerckii misidentified Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi Saurogobio amurensis misidentified Microphysogobio anudarini systematics Silurus soldatovi misidentified Silurus asotus on comments with ongolia M in occur to wn kno shesfi the of check-list ongolia--A M of ishesF 12 Mongolia from Recorded Accounts of Species Recorded from Mongolia Species of Family Petromyzontidae habitats. It is not known from the Yenisei drainage (lampreys) (Berg, 1948: 38; Reshetnikov, 2002: 28) and in the Amur it is recorded only downriver of Khabarovsk. Accounts Lampreys are eel-like fishes. e adults are All records of lampreys in Mongolia are from the immediatelyrecognizedbytheirdisc-shapedmouth Onon drainage and apparently refer to L. reissneri. without jaws (that is, which cannot be closed) and 7 round branchial openings on each side of the Lethenteron camtschaticum is included in the head. e species are mainly distinguished by the Mongolian fauna by Baasanjav & Tsendayush kind, number and disposition of teeth. e larvae (2001: 13) because of the presence of a specimen (called ammocoetes) spend several years hidden from River Gorlog (Mongolian name of upper in muddy to sandy bottom. e large species live part of Yenisei) at Kargina (53.75°N 110.17°E) several years, may migrate to the sea, are predatory in the Zoological Institute of St. Petersburg and feed on fish to which they attach with their (ZISP 28338). is leads them to speculate on mouth. e small species are non-predatory the presence of the species in the Selenge and in and non migratory; after their larval stage, they Mongolia. Lethenteron reissneri is the only lamprey metamorphose and reproduce within a few weeks definitively recorded from the Yenisei (but only or months. e adults do not eat and they die downriver of Lake Baikal). shortly after spawning. eir dentition is relatively undeveloped and it is often difficult to identify Lethenteron reissneri them. Petromyzon Reissneri Dybowski, 1869: 958 (type locality: Russia: Amur basin: Onon and Ingoda Two species have been reported from Mongolia, rivers) Lampetra japonica and Lampetra reissneri. Both are Lampetra mitsukurii Hatta, 1901: 24 (type locality: now placed in the genus Lethenteron; the species Japan: Hondo, Hokkaido) name Lampetra japonica in fact is invalid and the Petromyzon kessleri Anikin, 1905: 10 (type locality: correct name is Lethenteron camtschaticum (see Russia: Tom River and mouth of Kirgizka River Kottelat, 1997). At present, there is no evidence near Tomsk, Ob drainage) of the presence of Lethenteron camtschaticum in Lampetra mitsukurii minor Hatta, 1911: 268, pl. Mongolia. e species is known from the lower 8 figs. 3­4 (type locality: Japan: Gifu, Sapporo, reaches of rivers or lowlands, coastal and estuarine and numerous localities listed p. 264) 13 e Remarks on systematics. Lethenteron reissneri is of the L. kessleri from northern Japan and Far nomenclatur reported from Mongolia as Lampetra reissneri by Eastern Russia, and not conspecific with the two and Holcik & Pivnicka (1969), Dashdorj & Demin Japanese L. cf. reissneri species. (1977: 142). Sokolov (1983: 104) considered these records to be misidentified Lampetra japonica. Anyway, as the type locality of L. reissneri is the systematics Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 13) considered Onon and Ingoda rivers, at least we know that the on that L. reissneri indeed occurs in Mongolia, in name of the Mongolian populations will not be Onon-Khurkh drainage. ey also considered that affected by the final identity of the Japanese species. the records of Lampetra japonica by Dulmaa (1999: In any case, the name L. reissneri (established by comments 194) and Bogayevski (1949; Khod, Promysel, Dybowski, 1869) will remain as it is older than L. with Amur drainage) refer to this species [they do not kessleri (established by Anikin, 1905). give the bibliographic reference to Bogayevski's ongolia paper]. Distribution. In Mongolia: only recorded in Onon M drainage. Distribution outside Mongolia: Eurasia, in e description in Sokolov (1983: 104) is from in Arctic Oceans basin, from Kola Peninsula to occur Nikolski (1956) and is based on specimens in Anadyr drainage; Amur drainage; Sakhalin Island; to the Zoological Institute of St Petersburg (ZISP Hokkaido (Japan). wn 25351) collected in the stream Naleo which flows kno into the liman of Amur River (liman is a Russian shesfi terminology designating a lagoon at the estuary of Family Acipenseridae the a river created by a littoral bar blocking the access (sturgeons) of to the sea). ree species of sturgeons are listed in the recent erecordbyHolcik&Pivnicka(1969:3)fromthe check-list literature as occurring in Mongolia, but one (Huso Onon is based on a single larva (ammocoete) 147 dauricus) is only an assumption. mm long. ey do not indicate which diagnostic characters they used for its identification. Huso dauricus is listed by Baasanjav & Tsendayush ongolia--A M (2001: 15) on the basis of information by people of In her account of "L. japonica", Dulmaa (1999) in the area of Bindir (on Onon River, Amur drain- ishesF does not mention predatory (parasitic) feeding, age) of a specimen "as long as the platform of a but mentions a small adult size (200 mm), A3-51" [GA3-51; a model of Russian truck; the explicitly states that it does not migrate far, and platform is about 2 m long] caught in the 1950s. that it has a mean number of 9,000 oocytes. is is No other information is available to identify the a misidentification as L. camtschaticum reaches 625 species, except for the size and the drainage. Two mm, has over 50,000 oocytes, migrates to the sea species of sturgeons are known from the Amur where it spends 1­3 years, and is predatory. drainage, Huso dauricus and Acipenser schrenckii. e distribution of both is mapped by Reshetnikov e taxonomy of the various populations usually (2002: 49, 54) and is recorded to reach only to the referred to as L. reissneri is not yet settled. confluence of the Onon and Indoga, about 400 Lethenteron reissneri is usually recorded to occur in river-km downstream of the Mongolian border. all the rivers draining to the Pacific Ocean, from Huso dauricus is recorded to reach a maximum size Kamtschatka to Korea, and Japan. Molecular of 5 m (Reshetnikov, 2002: 54) and A. schrenckii studies of a number of populations in Japan have up to 2.9 m and therefore there is no way to shown that the L. reissneri of Japanese authors in objectively identify this individual. e largest fact represents two species, which even occur in individual A. schrenckii known from the Amur sympatry at some localities (Yamazaki et al., 2003). drainage was 204 cm long (Dulmaa, 1999: 194) Yamazaki et al. (2006) show that the L. reissneri and the Bindir specimen may be either one of the from the Onon in fact is the same species as some Amur species A. schrenckii or H. dauricus. 14 Mongolia Acipenser baerii in Mongolia and that it should be expected also in its largest tributaries like the Balj and Khurkh. Acipenser Baerii Brandt, 1869a: 175 (type locality: from Dulmaa (1999:194) report it as inhabiting "some Russia: Siberia: Ob and Lena rivers and their sections of the River Onon, adjacent to Russia", but main tributaries; also in Brandt, 1869b: 115) without indicating the source of this information. Acipenser stenorrhynchus Nikolski, 1896: 400 (type Its presence in Mongolia is based on the specimen locality: Russia: "large rivers of Siberia flowing fromBindiridentifiedasHusodauricusbyBaasanjav Recorded to Arctic Ocean, but not in Lake Baikal") & Tsendayush (2001: 15); see family introduction Acipenser stenorrhynchus var. baicalensis Nikolski, for discussion. 1896: 401 (type locality: Russia: Siberia: Lake Baikal) e morphological data in Sokolov (1983: 107) are Species Acipenser baeri chatys Drjagin, 1948: 532 (type from Nikolski (1956) and not based on Mongolian locality: Russia: Sakha [Yakutia]: from Lena to of specimens. Kolyma rivers) Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon drainage. Remarks on systematics. Acipenser baerii is defin- Outside Mongolia: Amur drainage. Also in Yalu itively recorded in Mongolia, by Sokolov (1983: River in Jilin Province of China, and North Korea Accounts 108), Baasanjav &Tsendayush (2001: 17), Dulmaa according to map in Reshetnikov (2002: 49), but (1999: 194) and others. is not listed from Korea by Kim (1997) or from Tumen drainage by Zheng et al. (1980). Some authors have recognized up to 4 subspecies of A. baerii, A. b. baerii (from Ob and Irtysh drainages), A. b. stenorrhynchus (from Yenisei to Anabar drainages), A. b. baicalensis (from Baikal Family Salmonidae basin [in Yenisei drainage]), and A. b. chatys (from (salmons and trouts) Lena to Kolyma drainages) (Reshetnikov et al., 1997: 689; Sokolov, in Reshetnikov, 1998: 19). Brachymystax lenok However, from the original descriptions and the Salmo lenok Pallas, 1773: 716 (type locality: scant data in Berg (1948: 88­89) and Sokolov & Russia: Yenisei River/streams on hills of eastern Vasil'ev (in Holcik, 1989: 268) their taxonomic Siberia) status cannot be decided. In the absence of Salmo coregonoides Pallas, 1814: 362 (type locality: diagnostic information, I do not see reason to Russia: streams of the Altai range draining to the distinguish these populations by formal names. Ob and Irtin [Irtysh]/Yenisei and its tributaries /Lake Baikal and Rivers Angara and Selenge/ Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge drainage. Rivers Lena, Witim and Kovyma [Kolyma]) Outside Mongolia: drainages of all large rivers ? Brachymystax lenok savinovi Mitrofanov, 1959: flowing to the Arctic Ocean, from Ob in the west 275 (type locality: Kazakhstan: Altai: Lake to Kolyma in the east. Marka-Kul) Brachymystax lenok swetowidowi Kirillov, 1962: 12 Acipenser schrenckii (type locality: Russia: Yakutia: Vilyui River) Acipenser Schrenckii Brandt, 1869a: 175 (type locality: Russia: Amur River and its main Remarks on systematics. Two `forms' of lenok are tributaries; also in Brandt, 1869b: 115) recognized in Mongolia: 1) A `common' "form", with pointed snout and large rounded reddish spots, Remarks on systematics. Acipenser schrenckii is present in the whole country; hereunder `pointed- listed by Sokolov (1983: 107) and Baasanjav & snoutlenok';2)a`form'withsimilarbodyshape,but Tsendayush (2001: 18). is is based on Dashdorj with blunt snout, and a colour pattern consisting (1977:143) who guessed its presence in the Onon in small black round spots on the sides, found only 15 e in Kherlen River (together with the pointed-snout support the conspecificity of the East Siberian and nomenclatur lenok); hereunder `blunt-snout lenok'. Amur pointed-snout lenok and the conspecificity and of the East Siberian and Amur blunt-snout lenok. eir taxonomic identity is not clear and they have With two species of lenok in Siberia and Mongolia, been at some time treated as different species or it remains to establish which one is the `real' B. systematics subspecies (e.g., Kifa, 1976; Bogutskaya & Naseka, lenok and what the name is of the other. e type on 2004: 150). Others treat them as a single species, locality of B. lenok being the Yenisei, and as only the though acknowledging the need for further study pointed-snout species is known from the Yenisei, (e.g., Reshetnikov et al., 1997: 692). thus on the basis of available information the comments pointed-snout lenok retains the name B. lenok. with Alekseev et al. (2003) studied Brachymystax in East Siberia, from the Olenek to the Kolyma Kifa (1976) recognized the existence of two species ongolia drainages. e pointed-snout lenok was observed of lenok in the Amur drainage and used the names M in all drainages, while they collected the blunt- B. lenok for the pointed-snout lenok and B. savinovi in snout lenok only in some upper tributaries of the for the blunt-snout lenok. e type locality of B. occur Lena (Vitim and Olekma) and along the northern savinovi is Lake Marka-Kul (in the upper Irtysh to stretch of the Lena itself. e two `forms' are drainage in Kazakhstan). I could not access the wn found in the upper tributaries. Alekseev et al. note original description of B. l. savinovi by Mitrofanov kno that the blunt-snout lenok is more restricted to (1959) but the description in Mitrofanov (1986) shesfi mountain tributaries and upstream lakes, and in shows a fish with a blunt snout and low gill-raker the some lakes only this `form' was found. Where they count(17­24,usually20­21)asobservedintheEast of occur together, individual hybrids are found, but Siberian and Amur blunt-snout lenok. Noteworthy they do not form "hybrid swamps". ey do not is also that B. savinovi is described from an altitude report blunt-snout lenok in the Yenisei or in the lake, which is also the frequent habitat of the Lena check-list Selenge drainages. blunt-snout lenok. Brachymystax lenok savinovi is considered a synonym of B. lenok by, e.g., Shedko e two `forms' of lenok are morphologically (2001) and Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004) who use ongolia--A M distinct, they live in sympatry and only occasionally the name B. tumensis for the blunt-snout lenok of of hybridize and this suggests they are distinct species. the Amur drainage (see comments below). Molecular data in Froufe et al. (2003) shows that ishesF the same pattern is observed in the Lena and Amur e synonymy of B. lenok and B. savinovi might drainages. ey also show that the two `forms' each be premature. Alekseev & Osinov (2006) studied have unique haplotypes and that identical `forms' the blunt-snout lenoks of the Ob-Irtysh drainage. in different drainages share the same haplotypes. ey conclude that they "diverge substantially ey too do not report blunt-snout lenok in the morphologically and, especially, genetically from Yenisei or in the Selenge drainages. populations of the blunt-snout[...] lenok from other river basins of Siberia and the Far East of Alekseev et al. (2003) comment that in East Siberia Russia. In the Ob'-Irtysh basin populations of the (from Lena to Kolyma drainages), individuals of the blunt- and [pointed-snout] lenoks are spatially two forms differ from individuals of their respective segregated: the former are found in the Ob' River forms from the basins of the Ob, Selenge, Amur basin proper and the latter, in the Irtysh River basin, and Uda rivers and from the rivers of Primorye. the degree of their morphological and genetic [...] ey give some of the differences between the East divergence is high." is suggests that they might Siberian `forms' and the Amur `forms', but in a way be distinct species, and that B. savinovi would be not allowing an explicit comparison, so that the the name of the blunt-snout lenok of the Irtysh. significance of the differences cannot be evaluated. e differences seem slight and, combined with Li et al. (1966: 42) report the presence of B. lenok the genetic data in Froufe et al. (2003), seem to in the Ertix [Irtysh] in China and it can reasonably 16 Mongolia be expected in the Bulgan River in Mongolia (an BrachymystaxfromAmurandTumenareconspecific. upper tributary of the Ertix). In their book on e name B. tumensis does not seem to appear in from fishes of Xinjiang, Anonym (1979) recorded B. the recent Korean literature. Instead, authors (e.g., lenok only from the Ertix; they have a figure (fig. Jeon, 1987; Kim, 1997: 356) report B. l. tsinlingensis 4) showing a fish with a moderately pointed snout from Korea; their figures show individuals with a labelled B. lenok, the text (p. 11) mentions 21­27 blunt snout (obviously juveniles). Kim's (1997) map gill-rakers, which is congruent with Mitrofanov's B. shows its distribution extending from South Korea Recorded lenok (19­27), and slightly less than the pointed- to about Sovetskaya Gavan (49.0°N 140.2°E). e snout lenok from Lena (22­29; Alekseev et al., source of the information is not clear and I do not 2003) (the blunt-snout lenok of Lena has 18­23). know how accurate the map is; it shows the range When the presence of Brachymystax is confirmed extending on part of the Ussuri, a tributary of the Species in the Bulgan, their identity deserves investigation Amur. It is noteworthy that all the references to of as they would probably be B. savinovi, adding one Brachymystax in Korean and immediately adjacent more species to the Mongolian fauna. waters refer only to blunt-snout lenok and that they are in relatively lowlands, while the Lena blunt- Remarksonnomenclature.Aneotypedesignation snout lenok are found in altitude rivers and lakes. might be necessary to definitively retain B. lenok as Similarly, the records by Bogutskaya et al. (2001: Accounts the name for the pointed-snout lenok. 41; Lake Khanka) and Shedko (2001; Primorye) are Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge, Yenisei and in relatively low areas. Amur drainages; might be present in Bulgan drainage. Outside Mongolia: rivers draining to Brachymystax tsinlingensis was originally described Arctic and Pacific Oceans, from Ob to Amur. from the Qin Ling range in Shaanxi Province of China, which makes the divide between the Huang Brachymystax cf. tumensis He (Yellow River) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) drainages. e figure in the original description Brachymystax tumensis Mori, 1930: 42, pl. 3 fig. 1 (Li, 1966), Chen (1987) and Anonym (1992) (type locality: Korea: Tumen River, Yen-gan) show a deep-bodied, blunt-snouted fish. See also Remarks on systematics. Brachymystax tumensis Chen (1986) for distribution data. was described from Tumen River. It has been considered as a synonym of B. lenok but Very recently, Xia et al. (2006) analysed the Bogutskaya et al. (2001: 41), Shedko (2001) and phylogeographic structure of Brachymystax pop- Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 151) consider it as ulations in Chinese waters. e study is restricted a valid species and use this name for the blunt- to a geographic area marginal to the whole snout lenok. is deserves more investigation. distribution of the genus. Nevertheless, some of While Shedko recognizes a single species of lenok their observations are relevant here. ey examined in Primorye [southeasternmost province of Russia, specimens from seven populations in the Amur, at the border with China and Korea], Bogutskaya Tumen, Yalu and Yellow Rivers. eir results et al. (2001) and Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004) show three clearly separate lineages, 1) Amur recognize two species, B. lenok (pointed-snout River, 2) Tumen and Yalu Rivers, and 3) Yellow lenok) and B. tumensis (blunt-snout lenok). Mori's River. ey also discussed the published data on a (1930) description and figure of B. tumensis show Korean population from "Hanjiang" [Hangang ?] a fish with numerous large spots on whole body, 22 (Korea), which is placed in the Yellow River clade. gill-rakers and a quite elongate snout; Mori (p. 42) Unfortunately, their study does not make any even comments that the species has a more pointed connection with morphological information. snout than B. lenok. In conclusion, if it can be demonstrated that there Tumen River forms the border between North Korea is a single species of blunt-snout lenok in the whole and China. It has yet to be demonstrated that the Amur drainage and if it can be demonstrated that it 17 e is conspecific with theTumen lenok, then the name Family Coregonidae nomenclatur of the blunt-snout lenok present in Mongolia is B. (whitefishes, ciscos) and tumensis. With our present knowledge, there is no way to confirm this hypothesis. On the contrary, e taxonomy of the Eurasian species of the genus there are indications that future work might show Coregonus is extremely confused because of a variety systematics they are distinct species, in which case the name of factors. First of all, being pelagic and silvery, on B. tumensis would be used for the Tumen and Yalu coregonids exhibit very few salient characters. is species, and there would be no name available for is contrary to the situation with benthic fishes, the Amur species. Until this is clarified, I retain the comments which usually have a colour pattern or peculiar name B. cf. tumensis for all the blunt-snout lenok morphological features (for camouflage and for with of Lena, Kolyma, Amur andTumen. e published visual recognition) and our human eyes and brain data suggest that B. tsinlingensis is a valid species, recognize these characters, thereby helping us to ongolia distributed in the the Yellow River drainage (and identify the fish. ese characters are usually not M central Korea). in prominent in pelagic fishes, which use non-visual signals to identify conspecifics. occur Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon and Kherlen to drainages. Outside Mongolia: Amur, Lena and Second, at superficial examination, most species wn Kolyma drainages in Russia and china; Tumen look similar. is resulted in their identification kno drainage in China and Korea. being based only on a few characters, like number of shesfi gill rakers or lateral line scales.To people not used to the Hucho taimen taxonomic procedures, countable characters appears of Salmo Taïmen Pallas, 1773: 716 (type locality: more `reliable' than characters which need to be Russia: rivers of Siberia flowing to Arctic described, like shape of mouth parts etc. is of check-list Ocean; original spelling should be emended course is not true, these characters are simply easier into taimen, Code art. 32.5.2.1) to use for untrained workers. But the unfortunate Salmo fluviatilis Pallas, 1814: 359, pl. 73 fig. 2 (type result is that people pay more attention to some sort of `magic' formulae than to shapes and structures. ongolia--A locality: Russia: Siberia: tributaries of Rivers M Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Lena and tributaries, Lakes of Baikal, Vitim, Turuchansk, Ljala, Tura, Uba, ird, the systematics of coregonids has been ishesF Tom, Kama and all streams flowing towards handled mainly by fishery biologists without "Eastern Ocean" except Kamchatka) training to handle taxonomic problems. In ? Salmo lossos Günther, 1866: 140 (type locality: some areas (Russia, eastern Europe), it has Baltic Sea, Rivers Kama, Kolva, Volga, Petschow, been addressed with `endemic' concepts and a Vitchegda, and Muilwa, Caspian Sea) nomenclatural system not entirely compatible with international practices and rules. is system Remarks on systematics. Despite its wide distri- recognizes a number of infrasubspecific categories, bution across all of northern Asia, H. taimen does not always explicitly defined. Infrasubspecific not show genetic differentiation across the Amur, names are not available for formal nomenclature, Lena and Yenisei drainages (Froufe et al., 2003). but the occasional use of some of them at a species ere is no data for the populations of the remaining or subspecies `level' automatically made them basins. available and it is extremely time consuming to check these and conclude (or often guess) their Distribution. In Mongolia:Yenisei, Selenge, Onon real status. Language issues contribute to make the and Kherlen drainages. Outside Mongolia: rivers problems more complex. draining to the Arctic Ocean from Ob to Yana drainages; Amur and some adjacent drainages; in Fourth, with the great confusion resulting from the Europe, some upper tributaries of Pechora, and above, a `concept' evolved that coregonids escape Kama in Volga drainage. the general rules and that coregonid systematics 18 Mongolia has to be different from the systematics of other Coregonus lavaretus is a species endemic to Lake fishes. en appeared an esoteric `Coregonus species Bourget in France. e "species" (singular) from concept', which certainly is not an appropriate and identified as C. lavaretus elsewhere (and most professional approach of taxonomy. especially in the Russian literature) is a collection of maybe up to 50­100 species, each with its own To make the whole pattern even more complex, distribution, biology etc. Some are widespread many species/populations have been transplanted, and some are highly endemic to a single or a Recorded introduced and/or hybridized, making it sometimes few lakes; in many lakes several species may be impossible to sort out what the original species were. in sympatry (up to 11; in Mongolia there is at least a record of 2 sympatric `forms' in Darkhad Tradition, the (administrative) fear to have to depression) and the conservation status of all Species manage and conserve a significantly larger number should be determined individually. is is further of of species and their economic value are certainly complicated because there have been several forces driving some scientists and agencies to close attempts to introduce Russian species (see, e.g., their eyes to, or to seek to negate biological reality Dulmaa, 1979), some of which were successful (in and the existence of this taxonomic diversity, or creating self-sustaining populations and maybe in to refuse to give it the same value that a similar eliminating native ones). erefore, there is a need Accounts diversity would receive had the taxa concerned to distinguish between the native and the stocked been birds or African cichlids. species and populations. e stocked ones, even if acclimatised, should not appear in discussion Most authors now appear to be content simply of biodiversity issues. A difference should also be to mention this complexity as an excuse for not made between species native at a given locality, elaborating further on the topic. is resulted in and those native to the country but translocated almost all populations of the family being dumped at a given locality. at various times in a `mythic' catch-all species named Coregonus lavaretus, which was believed to be In the absence of detailed study of the Mongolian extremely variable and plastic, able to adapt quickly coregonids and also because of the messy state of to new habitats and which axiomatically had evolved their taxonomy throughout Siberia, it is impossible into a great number of ecological morphs. Reviews to reach conclusions as to the status and identity of of the diversity of coregonids in several areas is the Mongolian species and I conservatively adhere now showing that this is much exaggerated, that to the `taxonomy' in current local use. morphological and genetic differences exist, that species can be recognized and that the problem can Prosopium cylindraceum is listed in the Mongolian be addressed as can be the taxonomy of any other fauna by Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 38). group of fishes. Simply, the number of the species Warpachowski (1901) described Coregonus makes it a cumbersome and boring work. mongolicus which is considered as a synonym of P. cylindraceum. e type locality is "lake of northern In several lakes, several populations (up to 11 in Mongolia adjacent to sources of Yenissei River". Lake Onega, Russia) are morphologically (and It is not clear whether this locality is within the genetically, for the few investigated cases) distinct, boundaries of present-day Mongolia. Actually there liveinsympatry,andhavedifferenthabitats,ecology, is no subsequent record of the species in Mongolian preferred preys and spawning seasons. ese waters, and its presence is only guessed because of populations fit the definition of species, negating its known presence in Gorlog River (upper Yenisei) the theory that only a single species is involved. downstream of the Darkhad depression, but in In fact, the problem is not so much to recognize Russia. the different species, which occur in sympatry in a given water body, but to find out whether or not Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 31) list C. species in adjacent water bodies are conspecific. sardinella as introduced in Mongolia in 1982 19 e into Lakes Tolbo and Khongor-Ulen [small lakes they differ in characters other than growth rate. nomenclatur in Bayan Ulgii aimag] from the hatchery of Biisk With the available data, no taxonomic value can and (Altay Province, Russia). Apparently this species be given to these `races'. did not establish and is not mentioned by Dulmaa (1995; Erdenebat M., pers. comm., February Remarks on nomenclature. is species often ap- systematics 2006). erefore it is not included here. pears under the name C. autumnalis migratorius on (e.g., Dulmaa, 1973; Baasanjav & Tsendayush, Coregonus chadary 2001: 32). If one were considering that C. autumnalis has two subspecies (migratorius and comments Coregonus chadary Dybowski, 1869: 954, pl. 17 autumnalis), then their correct names should be fig. 8 (type locality: Russia: Amur drainage: with C. migratorius migratorius (Georgi, 1775a) and Onon River; spelled chavary p. 954, chadary in C. m. autumnalis (Pallas, 1776) because the name Table facing p. 958 and on pl. 17; first revised ongolia migratorius is older than autumnalis. M [Dybowski, 1872: 222] retained C. chadary as in correct original spelling) e name C. autumnalis is now used for the occur species migratory between the Arctic Ocean and to Remarks on nomenclature. Coregonus chadari is most major rivers draining to it, except the Ob. wn an incorrect spelling. e name C. autumnalis is often seen in European kno literature for a species from Lough Neagh, Ireland. Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon drainage. Out- shesfi e correct name of this species is Coregonus pollan side Mongolia: Amur drainage. (see Kottelat, 1997: 121). the of Coregonus migratorius Distribution. In Mongolia: native, migratory in Selenge, Delgermurun and Egiin Rivers. Outside Salmo migratorius Georgi, 1775a: 182 (type check-list Mongolia: Lake Baikal basin. Introduced in 1956­ locality: Russia: Lake Baikal and its tributaries 1957 in Lake Khuvsgul (Dulmaa, 1973: 61), upper Angara, Sosnowka, Tschiwirkui, Kowak, where it is now established. e larvae came from Bargusin and Selenge) ongolia--A the hatchery of Bolsherechinsk, Russia. M of Remarks on systematics. Coregonus migratorius is Coregonus peled treated as a subspecies of C. autumnalis in earlier ishesF Russian literature (e.g., Berg, 1948: 342) (but see Salmo Peled Gmelin, 1789: 1379 (based on below comment on nomenclature). Bogutskaya & Lepechin, 1780: 226, pl. 12; type locality: Naseka (2004: 143) treat them as distinct species. "Russia boreali" [Northern Russia: Pustozersk Coregonus autumnalis inhabits the lower part on Pechora River; Berg, 1948: 347]) of all drainages of Arctic Ocean in Eurasia from Salmo Peled Walbaum, 1792: 74 (based on Mezen eastward (except Ob and Baikal), and north Lepechin, 1780: 226, pl. 12; type locality: America from Cape Barrow to Coronation Bay; it "Russia boreali" [Northern Russia: Pustozersk migrates from the sea and estuaries to spawn in on Pechora River; Berg, 1948: 347]; spelled freshwater, migrating up to 1500 km upstream in pelcol in text, peles in index p. 714, corrected to the Yenisei (Berg, 1948: 340). peled in emendanda) Salmo cyprinoides Pallas, 1814: 412 (type locality: Coregonus migratorius inhabits only Lake Baikal Russia:RiverLenaatTungusis;juniorhomonym basin and migrates into its tributaries for spawning. of Salmo cyprinoides Linnaeus, 1766: 514) It does not seem to have spawning migration into Salmo Pelet Pallas, 1814: 412 (type locality: Russia: its effluent Lower Angara. estuary of Yenisei) Coregonus Syrok Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Berg (1948: 366) recognizes three `races' (including Valenciennes, 1848: 499 (based on Salmo wimba a `Selenge race') but his data do not suggest that of Pallas, 1814: 409; type locality: Russia: Ob 20 Mongolia River and other rivers of eastern Siberia, Pechora Coregonus fera forma inarensis Järvi, 1928: 29, pl. and lakes bordering Arctic Ocean, Lake Baikal, 4 figs. 19­20 (type locality: Finland: Lake Inari from Tungusk) at mouth of Rivers Juutuan and Niipi and at Coregonus Rudolphianus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Virtaniemi, Lake Muddus) Valenciennes, 1848: 531 (based on Coregonus ? Coregonus lavaretus pidschianoides Pravdin, pelet of Pallas, 1814: 412; type locality not 1931: 232 (type locality: Russia: Karelia: Rivers stated, but Russia: River Yenisei) Vyg and Kem) from Berg, 1948: 395 Recorded ? CoregonuslavaretuspidschianoidesPravdin,1931: Remarks on systematics. Russian authors (e.g., 232 (nomen nudum according to Eschmeyer, Reshetnikov et al., 1997) recognize 4 `forms', which 1998: 1338; locality: Russia: Vyg and Kem partlyoccurinsympatryandwhichpossiblyaredistinct rivers, Karelian coast of the White Sea) Species species: 1) river peled; living in rivers, spawning in CoregonuslavaretuspidschiannatiobargusiniKrogius, of rivers, extending from Mezen to Yenisei drainages; 2) 1933: 85 (infrasubspecific, name not available; lake-river peled; in same drainages but absent from locality: Russia: Barguzin River [tributary of Ob River; 3) large lacustrine peled; spawning in lakes, Lake Baikal]) not seen, from Berg, 1948: 408 reaching up to 440 mm SL; 4) dwarf lacustrine peled; ? Coregonus lavaretus pidschian natio bergiellus living and spawning in lakes, reaching up to 250 mm Svetovidov, 1934: 344 (infrasubspecific, name not Accounts SL, with a shallower body and several rows of small available; locality: Russia: River Kara, Kara Bay) black spots on body. It is presently not clear, which of ? CoregonuslavaretuspidschianoidesPravdin&Berg, them is the `true' C. peled. 1948: 13, fig. 12 (type locality: locality: Russia: Vyg and Kem rivers, Karelian coast of the White Distribution. Not native to Mongolia. Since 1978 Sea) adapted from Eschmeyer, 1998: 1338 introduced from Ulan Ude (Buryatia, Russia) to ? Coregonus lavaretus pidschianoides natio soldatovi Lakes Naiman (Uburkhangai aimag), Ulaagchnii Pravdin, in Pravdin & Berg, 1948: 15, fig. 14 Khar(Zavkhanaimag),Khongor-Ulen[asmalllake (infrasubspecific, name not available; Russia: near Bayan Ulgii aimag ], and agaan (Darkhad Lake Kildin, Kola basin) from Berg, 1948: 398 depression) (Dulmaa, 1979: 203). Outside C. lavaretus pidschian natio delger-muren Dulmaa, Mongolia: Arctic Ocean basin from Kolyma 1970 (infrasubspecific, name not available; (eastern Siberia) westward to Mezen drainages. locality:Mongolia:uppercourseofDelgermurun River) from Dulmaa, 1973: 59 Coregonus pidschian Salmo Pidschian Gmelin, 1789: 1377 (available by Remarks on biology and systematics. Coregonus indication to Pallas, 1776b: 705; type locality: pidschian is usually treated as a subspecies of C. not explicitly stated, but Russia: Siberia: River lavaretus in Russian literature. It is treated as a valid Ob, is implied by statement in the description species here, following Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: of Salmo nasus in Pallas, 1776b: 705) 141) and for reasons discussed in Kottelat (1997: Salmo Polcur Pallas, 1814: 400 (type locality: 118). Berg (1948: 394) recognized a large numbers Russia: Siberia: from the Arctic Ocean migrates of local forms. ey have been treated as synonyms to the River Ob somewhat above Berezov) (and anyway some had only invalid names) by most Coregonus sikus Cuvier, 1829: 308 (type locality: subsequent authors, but Bogutskaya & Naseka rivers of Norway) (2004) recognize some as specifically distinct. Coregonus baicalensis Dybowski, 1874: 389, pl. 7 figs. 1­3 (type locality: Russia: Lake Baikal) e `pidschian' population of the Selenge is not ? Coregonus smitti Warpachovski, 1901: 414, pl. mentioned in the Russian literature I have accessed. 13 fig. 1 (type locality: Russia: Siberia: Lake Berg (1948) did not record C. pidschian from Lake Teletskoe) Baikal, except (p. 408) for a `natio bargusini' which Coregonus fluviatilis Isachenko, 1925: 3 (type ascends the Barguzin River [tributary of Lake locality: Russia: Yenisei drainage, Mana River) Baikal] for spawning. 21 e In his work on the fishes of Transbaikalia, Karasev 2005); 3) e dwarf `form' is cited by Dulmaa nomenclatur (1987: 11) records that C. pidschian (as C. (1999: 198) who does not provide any additional and lavaretus pidschian) is present in the Lena drainage information on its biology. but missing in the Baikal basin. He records "C. l. pidschian natio baicalensis" from the Baikal basin. e fishermen in Darkhad depression report that systematics Berg (1948: 392) treated it as a subspecies of his since the introduction of C. peled, the populations on C. lavaretus but records it only from Ol'khon of C. pidschian (it is not known whether all forms Island and the Maloe More strait north of the or a single one), Brachymystax lenok and Hucho island. Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 136) treat C. taimen decreased sharply and that C. peled now comments baicalensis as a valid species. constitutes about 90 percent of the catches. with It is certainly premature to conclude that the In Lake Dood Tsagaan, the catches of C. pidschian ongolia Selenge population of C. pidschian is C. baicalensis, in 1997­2000 are said to have been 4000 kg in one M but this possibility should be investigated. If the day, with one 700 m seine, under ice; an analyzed in above distribution pattern is correct, the Selenge catch consisted of 60 C. peled, 2 C. migratorius, occur `pidschian ` is unlikely to be C. pidschian. and the rest was the native C. pidschian. By 2003, to C. pidschian had sharply declined, with the same wn Berg (1948: 406) recognized a `natio' fluviatilis effort yielding only 300 kg, mostly C. peled. kno from the middle and upper Yenisei which is Coregonus pidschian prefers slow to strong current, shesfi possibly (one of) the species in the Darkhad while C. peled prefers standing waters (Erdenebat the depression; he did not mention Lake Baikal in M., pers. comm., July 2005). of its distribution. Coregonus `pidschian' is native to lakes of the Darkhad depression. Coregonus peled Presently it is not possible to determine if the and C. migratorius were introduced from Ulan two forms are conspecific. e differences in check-list Ude in Russia, reportedly in 1985. Coregonus feeding and spawning habits suggest they might migratorius apparently did not establish; the last be distinct. Considering the decrease of the known observation (three individuals) was in 1997 population mentioned above (and the risk of ongolia--A M (information obtained by Erdenebat M.). hybridization with the introduced C. peled) this of should be investigated. (Although they normally ree `forms' of C. pidschian were originally have distinct spawning sites and periods, climatic ishesF known from Lake Targan. ere are a number variations and human alteration of the habitats of reports containing quite contradictory could affect the spawning sites and periods). information, and I use here the information in the latest summary I found (Dulmaa, 1999; e population of Rivers Egiin and Uur are strictly somewhat differing from the data in her 1973 riverine; they spend the summer in backwaters, and 1995 works). 1) e lake `form', which lives and spawn in the river. in lakes and spawns in rivers. It starts migrating to Sharga River in mid-August and returns to the Remarks on nomenclature. e author of C. lakes in the second half of September. It feeds on pidschian is sometimes erroneously indicated as bivalves and other benthic organisms. It reaches Pallas (1776b: 705). In that publication, Pallas up to 60 cm long and has a fatty appearance and consistently indicated in the headings both the rounded body; 2) e river-lake `form', which Latin and local names. e local names were all stays in lakes in spring and summer, enters the preceded by the name of the language in which Shishkhed River in early October and remains it was used. us the heading for pidschian reads there for some time after spawning and then "Salmo an Lavareti varietas? Ostiacis Pidschian. returns to overwinter in lakes. It apparently feeds Samoiedis Polcur" [a Salmo variety related to onplankton(cyclops);itismoreslender.Itreaches lavaretus? Pidschian in Ostiac language, Polcur in up to 53 cm (Erdenebat M., pers. comm., July Samoyed language]. e name C. pidschian clearly 22 Mongolia is not available from Pallas (1776b), but is first Remarks on systematics. is species appears as available from Gmelin (1789). ymallus arcticus in Mongolian literature (e.g., from Baasanjav & Tsendayush, 2001). Russian authors Dulmaa (1973: 59) use the name C. lavaretus recognize a number of subspecies within T. arcticus pidschian natio delger-muren for the population (e.g. Berg, 1948: 422; Reshetnikov et al., 1997: of River Delgermurun and refers to Dulmaa 696) but more recently others (e.g., Bogutskaya (1970), but this does not appear to be published & Naseka, 2004: 146) recognize several of these Recorded information. As it appears in Dulmaa (1973: 59) subspecies as distinct species: T. baicalensis, T. the name is infrasubspecific, thus not available for brevipinnis, T. grubii, T. mertensii, and T. pallasi. zoological nomenclature (Code art. 1.3.4). ymallus baicalensis inhabits Lake Baikal and the Species Distribution. In Mongolia: lakes and rivers of Selenge drainage. Berg (1948: 426) considered of Gorlog drainage [upper Yenisei] in Darkhad that there was a deepwater `form' which is now also depression (Shishhed, Sharga and Tengis systems) treated as the species T. brevipinnis. Bogutskaya & and in Selenge and its tributaries. Outside Naseka (2004) recognize the Selenge and Baikal Mongolia: Arctic Ocean basin, from Finland `subspecies' as a valid species (T. baicalensis) and (Lapland) to eastern Siberia, Alaska, Canada the deepwater Baikal `form' as another species, T. Accounts eastward to Mackenzie drainage. brevipinnis. e populations of the Amur drainage in Mongolia belong to T. grubii. is classification agrees with the results of molecular studies by Family Thymallidae Koskinen et al. (2002). is study shows T. grubii and T. brevirostris as very distinct lineages, (graylings) and that the remaining populations placed in T. arcticus do not constitute a monophyletic lineage. ymallus arcticus It shows the populations from the Baikal drainage Salmo (Truttac.) arcticus Pallas, 1776b: 706 (type (including Selenge) as a distinct lineage, quite close locality: Russia: Sob River, a tributary of the to the populations from the Angara and middle Ob, near Obdorsk [now Salekhard, lowermost Yenisei drainage. e Baikal drainage populations Ob, 66°31'48"N 66°36'07"E] [see p. 35]) apparently are those called T. baicalensis by Salmo digitalis Bloch, in Schneider, 1801: 421 Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004). It is not clear (unnecessary replacement name for Salmo whether they include the Yenisei populations in arcticus Pallas, 1776b: 706) their T. baicalensis. ymallus nikolskyi Kashchenko, 1899: 131 (type locality: Russia: Altai: Ryblushka, a settlement is study also shows that the T. `arcticus' close to Cherga on Rybnusska stream, Katun populations from North America and the Lena drainage [Bogutskaya, pers. comm.]/Urusul drainage are distinct. e North American lineage River at Ongudai/Tcharysh River at Ust-Kan/ had been called T. signifer by Russian authors (e.g. Katun River at Nizhnii Uimon/Lake Talmenie/ Reshetnikov et al., 1997: 696 [as a subspecies]). Tom River above Kusnetsk) e name of the Lena lineage is not yet clear; ymallus nikolskyi var. ongudajensis Kashchenko, Russian authors have used the name T. pallasii 1899: 134 (type locality: Russia: Altai: Urusul for it, but the status of the name depends on the River at Ongudai) identity of the types, which apparently has not ymallus sellatus Kashchenko, 1899: 135, pl. 2 been investigated. Berg (1948: 428) had included (type locality: Russia: Altai: LakeTenga (Kenga), the Lena populations in T. pallasii. He recorded Urusul River drainage) the type locality as Kolyma, but there is nothing ymallus arcticus arcticus natio alchutovi Johansen, in Cuvier & Valenciennes (1848: 448) allowing 1945: 6 (infrasubspecific, name not available; this conclusion to be reached; they only mention locality: Russia: Lake Teletskoe) Russia as the origin. 23 e Koskinen et al.'s (2002) study also shows samples based on the observation that the lower part of nomenclatur of T. `arcticus' from Shishkhed River as very both drainages constitutes the Western Siberian and distinct from the other populations of T. `arcticus' Plain and the respective ymallus populations and apparently closely related to T. brevirostris. are relatively `close', while the Shishked species is Interestingly, this population is immediately in high altitude headwaters entering the plain in systematics distinguished from all other ymallus in Mongolia an area diametrically opposite to the River Sob, on by its colour pattern (see below). is lineage and thus relatively `far' from the type locality of is considered a species distinct from the other T. arcticus. Again, this is a mere hypothesis which ymallus in Mongolia. Hereunder, it is called needs to be tested. comments ymallus sp. 1. with Whether all the populations of the Ob drainage Two further groups of ymallus populations have (including Irtysh) are conspecific is another open ongolia beenreferredtoasT.arcticusinMongolia;oneinthe question.Earlierauthorshadrecognizedseveraltaxa M Great Lakes Basin and one in the Irtysh headwaters among the Altai (upper Ob drainage) populations. in on the southern slope of Altai (Khurimt, Songinot, e type locality of T. thymallus (River Sob) is very occur Yolt; Baasanjav & Tsendayush, 2001). ere is no close to the mouth of the Ob, in the Arctic Ural, to information on the Irtysh populations either in on the Polar Circle. Considering the distance, wn Mongolia or China, except for a description and the types of habitats in-between, the topography kno figure in Anonym, 1979: 13, fig. 6), and only and the distribution pattern of ymallus species shesfi limited for Kazakhstan (Mitrofanov et al., 1986: in Eastern Siberia, it is reasonable to expect that the 214). I could not find usable information on the the T. `arcticus' from Altai, upper Irtysh and Great of populations of the headwaters of the Khovd and Lakes Basin could represent one or more additional Zavkhan drainages. species. As this is only a guess and is currently without supporting evidence, these populations of check-list Berg (1948: 424, fig. 253) illustrates a specimen course are recorded here as T. arcticus. from the Irtysh at Ust-Kamenogorsk [now Öskemen] in Kazakhstan and Anonym (1979: ongolia--A ymallus baicalensis M fig. 6) figure a specimen in their book on fishes of of Xinjiang. ey do not give locality data for the ymallus Grubii var. baicalensis Dybowski, 1874: figured specimen, but if the figure depicts a fish ishesF 391, pl. 8 fig. 1 (type locality: Russia: Lake from Xinjiang, then it should be from Ertix, as this Baikal and Selenge and Angara rivers) is the only Xinjiang drainage where they record the ymallus arcticus baicalensis morpha angarensis presence of this species (p. 63). Dorogostaisky, 1923: 77 (infrasubspecific, name not available; locality: Russia: River Angara) Beside the number of species now revealed among Mongolian T. `arcticus', a problem not yet solved Remarks on systematics. See under T. arcticus. is whether there are some `real' T. arcticus in Mongolia. e species was described from the Sob, a tributary of the Ob, in Arctic Ural (Pallas, Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge drainage. 1776b: 35). Berg (1948: 424) considered that Outside Mongolia: Lake Baikal and tributaries. the `real' T. arcticus inhabits the Kara, Ob and Yenisei drainages, and the Great Lakes Basin of ymallus brevirostris Mongolia. Data are not available to objectively decide which of the two Yenisei species mentioned ymallus brevirostris Kessler, 1879: 306 (type above (if any) is conspecific with the Ob species; locality: Mongolia: a tributary of Daingol a reasonable guess could be that the lower Yenisei [Daingol Nuur = Lake Dayan, 48°23'00"N species is more likely to be T. arcticus, but this of 88°50'00"E]/Dsapchyn River [Zavkhan River], course requires confirmation. is hypothesis is a tributary of Lake Kara-Ussi [Lake Kar Us; 24 Mongolia apparently error for Lake Khyar-gas]; also in Remarks on systematics. See discussion under Kessler, 1880: 266) T. arcticus. Four `forms' of ymallus are present from PhylogephyraaltaicaBoulenger,1898:330,fig.(type in the Amur drainage. Knizhin et al. (2004) locality: China: south side of Altai Mountains) distinguish three species among them; T. grubii ymallus brevirostris kozovi Dashdorj, Dulmaa & (with two `forms': Upper-Amur and yellow-spots), Tsendayush, 1968: 40 (type locality: Mongolia: T. burejensis (large-scale `form') and T. sp. (lower- Lakes Khoton and Khorgon) Amur `form'). e type series of T. grubii belongs Recorded ymallus brevirostris altaicus Dashdorj, Dulmaa & to the Upper-Amur `form'. eir analysis includes Tsendayush,1968:45(typelocality:Mongolia:Lakes material of the Upper-Amur `form' from the Onon Khoton and Khorgon; junior secondary homonym and Ingoda rivers (type locality of T. grubii). of Phylogephyra altaica Boulenger, 1898: 330) e Onon material had been obtained from the Species Mongolian stretch. of Remarks on systematics. See under T. arcticus. Dashdorj et al. (1968) described T. brevirostris e Upper-Amur and yellow-spot `forms' are kozovi from Lakes Khoton and Khorgon, in the diagnosably distinct and have allopatric ranges. headwaters of the Khovd drainage. eir figure It is not clear why Knizhin et al. consider them and data and those in Dulmaa (1973: 61, 9) do conspecific, but it seems it is based on coefficients Accounts not enable to distinguish it from other populations of differences (CD) results on a principal of T. brevirostris. is taxon is not recognized in component analysis (PCA) of morphometric and recent literature (e. g., Reshetnikov, 1997: 696; not meristic characters and on a mtDNA phylogeny. mentioned Dulmaa, 1999, Bogutskaya & Naseka, A PCA indicates similarity of shape; while a 2004). Basaantjav & Tsendayush (2001: 41) and gross dissimilarity is a conclusive observation of Sokolov (1983: 126) merely mention the name. distinctness, a similarity simply shows that the All these authors comment that the graylings from analysed character(s) cannot be used to distinguish Lakes Khoton and Khorgon in upper Khovd River groups. In fact their PCA of meristic characters grow much larger than those of other populations shows only partial overlap. Similarly, CDs indicate (up to 750 mm, vs. about 300 mm in others). degrees of similarity for given characters and are never an argument on their own for conspecificity e name T. b. kozovi is used on p. 38 of Dashdorj to be concluded. e same also applies to trees et al. (1968) and the name T. b. altaicus on p. showing haplotype phylogeny. e tree in Knizhin 45 (Russian summary). e two names are used et al. shows a sister-group relationship between the for the same taxon and the same type series and Upper-Amur and yellow-spotted `forms', but the respective precedence is determined by the first smalldegreeofdivergenceisinconclusive.Certainly reviser. In this case, however, T. b. kozovis has Knizhin et al. (2004: 68) are right when they state precedence because T. b. altaicus is a secondary "Morphologically and genetically, the Upper-Amur junior homonym of Phylogephyra altaica and and yellow-spotted `forms' are closely related" but therefore cannot be used. this is not enough to continue this sentence by "and make up one species". "Closely related" does Distribution. Mongolia: lakes and rivers of Great not automatically imply conspecificity. To me, Lakes Basin. Outside Mongolia: upper head of their data shows that the two `forms' are distinct Khovd [Cobdo] drainage in Russia. lineages, apparently fulfilling the criteria of species under both the Evolutionary as well as Phylogenetic ymallus grubii Species Concepts. ymallus Grubii Dybowski, 1869: 955, pl. 18 Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon and Kherlen fig. 9 (type locality: Russia: Onon and Ingoda drainages. Outside Mongolia: Upper and middle rivers, Amur River basin) Amur drainage in Russia and China. 25 e ymallus nigrescens e nominal species T. arcticus dentatus described nomenclatur from the area of Lakes Kara-Khol, Yenisei drainage, ymallus arcticus nigrescens Dorogostaisky, 1923: and is a name possibly available for the present species. 76 (type locality: Mongolia: Lake Khuvsgul) However, it is described as having a "dark body with a row of small dark spots". Remarks on systematics. See under T. arcticus. systematics on Distribution. Presently known only from is species is endemic to Lake Khuvsgul. It lives in Shishkhed River, Darkhad depression. Most likely the lake but enters tributary streams for spawning. occurs in upper Yenisei in Russia. comments ere are two spawning periods, one in mid May to mid June in tributary streams, and the other with one in July-August along the shores (Dulmaa, 1999: 209; Tugarina, 2002; Erdenebat M., pers. Family Esocidae ongolia M comm., 2005). Research is needed to determine if (pikes) in the individuals spawning at the different seasons and sites are morphologically and/or genetically Esox lucius occur to distinct. is is especially relevant since, after the Synonymy includes only nominal species whose wn drought of 2002, only 20 out of 96 rivers with T. type locality is in Asia kno nigrescens spawning grounds are left, and they are Esox Lucius Linnaeus, 1758: 314 (based on Artedi shesfi now dry in May­July in dry years. If these two [1738: gen. 10 [53], syn. 26, spec. 52 [14], spawning populations do not mix and breed only the Esox rostro plagioplateo], Linnaeus [1746: 114, of among themselves, one of them might become lost n. 304, idem], and Gronovius [1754: 9, n. 28, unnoticed if its spawning or nursery grounds are idem]; type locality: "in Europa") dry in May. Esox Reichertii var. baicalensis Dybowski, 1874: check-list 392 (type locality: Russia: Siberia: all lakes and Distribution. Endemic to Lake Khuvsgul. ponds of Lake Baikal basin [in Lake Baikal only at the mouth of the tributaries]) ongolia--A ymallus sp. 1 Esox Reichertii var. baicalensis Dybowski, 1874: M of ? ymallus arcticus dentatus Gundriser, 1979b: 392 (type locality: Russia: Lake Baikal basin) Esox lucius var. atrox Anikin, 1902: 109 (locality: ishesF 15 (type locality: Russia: Tuva: area of Lakes Kara-Khol in Kham-Syra River system, Bol'shoy Russia: Siberia: River Ob) from Berg, 1948: Yenisei drainage) 458 Esox lucius bergi Kaganovskii, 1933: 4 (locality: Remarks on systematics. See under T. arcticus. Russia: Siberia: River Anadyr) from Berg, 1948: 458 e ymallus of the lakes in Darkhad depression Esox lucius lucius natio wiliunensis Kirillov, 1962: (Yenisei drainage) have an orange caudal peduncle, 37(infrasubspecific,namenotavailable;locality: dark body with indistinct yellowish area on middle Russia: Yakutia: River Vilyui basin) of body, and indistinct black stripes. is sharp Esox lucius aralensis Pivnev, 1985: 18 (type locality: colour contrast between the anterior part of the Kyrgyzstan: Chu River basin) body and the caudal peduncle is apparently not seasonal. is is also distinct in females, although Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge drainage. paler and somewhat less contrasted. e pattern Outside Mongolia: Most of Europe, Caspian Sea is even more contrasted in spawning males, with basin, Siberia eastward to Anadyr drainage (Bering bluish and greenish patches on the body. is Sea basin), North America. pattern is seen also in specimens from the Chuluut River [an upper tributary of Selenge], but much less contrasted (Erdenebat M., pers. comm., July 2005). 26 Mongolia Esox reichertii 23 [neotype withdrawal by Fricke, 2000: 639 not allowed by Code]) Esox Reichertii Dybowski, 1869: 956 (type locality: from Carassius carassius jacuticus Kirillov, 1956 (locality: Russia: all lakes of the Onon and Ingoda river Yakutia, Siberia) from Kirillov, 1962 systems [Lakes Tyrgituj, Sagtoj, Ustila, Baica and others], rare in rivers, Amur River basin) Remarks on systematics. e species is listed as possibly present in the Bulgan River, e.g., by Recorded Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon and Kherlen Sokolov (1983: 199) and Baasanjav & Tsendayush drainages. Outside Mongolia: Amur drainage and (2001), but Sokolov explicitly stated that they Sakhalin Island. did not examine specimens from Mongolia and considered records of its occurrence in Mongolia Species incorrect (e.g., record from the Selenge by of Family Cyprinidae Dashdorj & Demin, 1977: 154). eir description of the species is taken from Berg, 1949. I have (carps, minnows) examined specimens labelled as C. carassius from the Bulgan in the Zoological Museum in Berlin; Acheilognathus asmussii unfortunately only the heads have been preserved Accounts Devario Asmussii Dybowski, 1872: 212 (type and it is impossible to confirm the identification. locality: Russia: Lake Chanka [Khanka]). e species is recorded in the Ertix [upper Irtysh] Acanthorhodeus asmussii amurensis Holcik, 1962: but not from its tributary Ulungur River [lower 169, fig. 3 (type locality: Russia: Lake Kabar, Bulgan] by Li et al. (1966) and Anonym (1979), Amur River near Yelabuga, about 60 km from while these authors record C. gibelio in both rivers. Khabarowsk) Kimura et al. (1992) figure a specimen from the lowermost Ulungur River. e species is tentatively Remarks on systematics. is species is usually recognized as present in Mongolia, but this requires placed in the genus Acanthorhodeus in the Russian confirmation. literature (e.g., Reshetnikov et al., 1997: 698; Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2004: 280; Bogutskaya & Distribution. In Mongolia: Bulgan River. Outside Naseka, 2004: 40), which is considered a junior Mongolia: in Europe from Rhine drainage synonym of Acheilognathus, following Arai & Akai eastwards (absent in Mediterranean basin, present (1988). in Black Sea basin); in Asia, Caspian basin and rivers flowing to the Arctic Ocean, eastwards to Distribution. In Mongolia: Kherlen, Onon and Kolyma drainage. Khalkhdrainages,andLakeBuir.OutsideMongolia: Amur drainage in Russia and China; Korea. Carassius gibelio Carassius carassius Synonymy includes only nominal species whose Synonymy includes only nominal species whose type locality is in Asia type locality is in Asia Cyprinus Gibelio Bloch, 1782: 71, pl. 12 (type Cyprinus Carassius Linnaeus, 1758: 321 (based locality: Churmark, Pommern, Schlesien and on Artedi [1738: gen. 4 [29], syn. 5, spec. 29 Preussen (Prussia, now Germany and Poland)) [4], Cyprinus pinnae dorsi ...], Linnaeus [1746: Carassius vulgaris var. kolenty Dybowski, 1877: 11 122, n. 322, idem], Gronovius [1754: 3, n. 11, (type locality: Russia: River Amur basin) idem; 1746: 75, n. 55, Cyprinus hamburger; Carassius auratus gibelio morpha vovkii Ioganzen, Wawerveen, Belgium]; type locality: Germany: 1945: 12 (infrasubspecific, name not available; Baden-Württemberg: Neckar River at Heidel- locality: Russia: Siberia: lakes of Baraba steppe berg, by neotype designation by Fricke, 1999: and Narym region) 27 e Remarks on systematics. is species was stocks are known in Japan which are considered as nomenclatur originally described from Europe. Its status is still distinct species (Teitler & Fujita, 1993; Hosoya, in and not clear. Several authors consider it as a `form' of Nakabo, 1994: 212­213) and are treated as species the well-known goldfish (Carassius auratus), either here under the ESC. With the present data, the a wild `form' native to Europe or an introduced Mongolian populations cannot be considered as systematics `form', or as feral stock of introduced goldfishes, conspecific with the cultivated C. auratus. on or as a result of hybridization. ere is indication that the species might have been present in Europe e discussion by Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev (2000) before the first introduction of goldfishes from cannot be followed as it is based on a heterogeneous comments Japan, which would rule out the hypothesis of the assemblage of partly second-hand data on with feral goldfish (Kottelat, 1997). morphology, genetics, ecology, and zoogeography. Further, the authors have apparently been largely ongolia e problem is made very complex and the original disserved by the translators and the editors of M distributioninEuropewillprobablyneverbeknown the journal and the paper is marred by linguistic in exactly because of introduction, transplantation, problems, making it very difficult to understand. occur confusion with C. auratus and complex modes of Without inclusion of European material, their to reproduction, with diploid populations of both discussion of the identity of C. gibelio does not wn sexes, as well as populations made of diploids and make sense, as the type locality is in Europe. kno tetraploids, or female-only triploid populations. shesfi e species is now invasive throughout Europe Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge, Onon the and is a pest where it establishes. It seems that the and Kherlen drainages, and Lake Buir. Outside of invasive fishes result from populations stocked in Mongolia: western limit in Europe not clear (see eastern Europe and imported from Siberia and above), in Asia, extends eastwards at least to the are likely to be conspecific with the Mongolian Amur drainage, exact limits not clear. check-list populations. Chanodichthys erythropterus Although this may seem distant and of no interest ongolia--A Culter erythropterus Basilewsky, 1855: 236, pl. 8 M in a Mongolian context, in fact it is relevant because of thenameofthespeciespresentinMongoliadepends fig. 1 (type locality: China: rivers draining to on the identity of the populations originally present Gulf of Tschili) ishesF in Europe. e invasion from populations stocked Culter ilishaeformis Bleeker, 1871: 67, pl. 10 fig. 1 in eastern Europe of a species earlier cryptic or (type locality: China: Yangtze River) poorly known in central Europe suggests that either Culter Sieboldii Dybowski, 1872: 214 (type the identification of the original C. gibelio presents locality: Russia: middle course of Amur, Ussuri, some problem, or that the invasive populations are Sungatschi and Chanka) not conspecific with the original one. is problem Culter aokii Oshima, 1919: 250, pl. 52 fig. 1 is presently being investigated, and awaiting a (type locality: Taiwan: Jitsugetsutan, Lake solution, I retain the name C. gibelio for the species Candidius) present in Mongolia. Remarks on nomenclature. For some time, Russian and Mongolian literatures consider the the species identified as Culter erythropterus (or local C. gibelio as a subspecies of the goldfish C. Cultrichthys erythropterus) and Culter alburnus have auratus. e systematics of the genus Carassius been interverted in the Chinese and Southeast in East Asia is confusing. e ancestor of today's Asian literature. I have not attempted to track domesticated goldfishes was introduced to Japan the source of this interversion, but it goes back at from China at a date between 1502 and 1748 least to Wu et al. (1964: 113) and is still going (Okada, 1959­60: 531). Available data show that on (e.g., Chen, 1998: 182; Kottelat, 2001b: 21). at least five genetically and morphologically distinct See Bogutskaya & Naseka (1996: 21, 2004: 54) 28 Mongolia for discussion. e species listed in the synonymy Culter alburnus of C. "erythropterus" by Chen in fact are synonyms Culter Alburnus Basilewsky, 1855: 236, pl. 8 fig. 3 from of C. alburnus. Correcting this error has an impact (type locality: China: rivers draining to the Gulf on the genus-level nomenclature. of Tschili) Culter brevicauda Günther, 1868: 329 (type e type species of Culter is C. alburnus. e locality: Taiwan) type species of Cultrichthys is C. brevicauda. As C. Recorded Culter Kneri Bleeker, 1870: 252 (nomen nudum) brevicauda is a subjective junior synonym of C. Culter Kneri Bleeker, 1871:14 (based on Culter alburnus,Cultrichthysisasubjectivejuniorsynonym erythropterus of Kner, 1867: 360, pl. 14 fig. 4; of Culter. e species placed in Erythroculter by type locality: China: Shanghai) Berg (e.g., 1949: 804) and other Russian authors Species Culter tientsinensis Abbott, 1901: 489, fig. (type should be called Chanodichthys as this name is locality: China: Hebei: River Pei-Ho at Tien- of older than Erythroculter. Tsin [Tianjin]) Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir. Outside Remarks on nomenclature. See under Chano- Mongolia: from Amur to Red River drainages dichthys erythropterus. (China to Vietnam); Taiwan; Hainan. Accounts Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir and Onon Chanodichthys mongolicus and Kherlen drainages. Outside Mongolia: from Leptocephalus Mongolicus Basilewsky, 1855: 234, Amur to Red River drainages, Taiwan, Hainan. pl. 4 fig. 2 (type locality: "in winter, brought to Beijing frozen from Mongolia and Manchuria"; Ctenopharyngodon idella spelt mongolensis on pl. 4 fig. 2; first revisers Leuciscus idella Valenciennes, in Cuvier & [Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004: 54] gave Valenciennes, 1844: 362 (type locality: China) precedence to mongolicus) Leuciscus Tschiliensis Basilewsky, 1855: 233 (type Culter Mongolicus Basilewsky, 1855: 237 (type locality: China: Gulf of Tschili and tributary locality: "in winter, brought to Beijing frozen streams) from Mongolia"; simultaneous secondary Ctenopharyngodon laticeps Steindachner, 1866a: homonym of Leptocephalus mongolicus Basi- 782, pl. 18 figs. 1­5 (type locality: China: Hong lewsky, 1855: 234, first reviser [Banarescu, Kong) 1972: 387] gave precedence to Leptocephalus Sarcocheilichthys teretiusculus Kner, 1867: 356 (type mongolicus) locality: China: Shanghai/waters near Tianjin ? Culter Pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855: 237 (type and draining to Gulf of Tschili [Basilewsky's locality: China: streams draining to the Gulf of material]) Tschili) Pristiodon siemionovii Dybowski, 1877: 26 (type Culter rutilus Dybowski, 1872: 214 (type locality: locality: Russia: Amur River, Ussuri River, Russia: Ussuri and Chanka) Sungacha River, Lake Khanka and Sungari Erythroculter mongolensis elongatus He & Liu, River) 1980: 483, fig. (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lake Chenghai) Distribution. ere is a single record from Erythroculter mongolicus qionghaiensis Ding, 1990: Mongolia, around 1962 (Sokolov, 1983: 163), 246, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Lake in Lake Buir; the species is widely cultivated in Qionghai, 27°53'N 102°18'E) China, and this fish likely was stocked, or escaped, on the Chinese side of the lake. Outside Mongolia: Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir, and Onon native to East Asia, in lower and middle stretches and Kherlen drainages. Outside Mongolia: from of major rivers from Amur to Xi Jiang drainages. Amur to Yangtze drainages. 29 e Cyprinus rubrofuscus used to produce hybrids with other species of the nomenclatur genus Cyprinus. Cyprinus rubro-fuscus La Cepède, 1803: 530, pl. 16 and fig. 1 (type locality: China) Although the diversity of the East Asian species of Cyprinus nigro-auratus La Cepède, 1803: 547, pl. Cyprinus has long been documented in the Chinese 16 fig. 2 (type locality: China) systematics literature (e.g., Wu et al., 1977; Yue, 2000), it is on Cyprinus viridi-violaceus La Cepède, 1803: 547, pl. largely ignored, if not flatly negated, in western 16 fig. 3 (type locality: China) literature (e.g., Balon, 1995; Banarescu & Paepke, Cyprinus anna-carolina La Cepède, 1803: 544, pl. 2002), where it is often assumed that Asian carps comments 18 fig. 1 (type locality: not stated) are derived from introduced European carps and Cyprinus floripenna van Hasselt, 1823: 132 with that the species recognized by Chinese authors are [translated in Alfred, 1961: 85], 1824: 375 domesticated or feral forms. Kottelat (1997: 57; (nomen nudum, Kottelat, 1987: 370) ongolia 2001a: 22, 2001b: 45) disagrees with this and M ? Cyprinus flavipinnis Valenciennes, in Cuvier & commented that the domesticated carps in East in Valenciennes, 1842: 71, fig. 457 (type locality: Asia are one or more species distinct from the Indonesia: Java: Buitenzorg [Bogor]) occur European one. e molecular data of Zhou et al. to Cyprinus haematopterus Temminck & Schlegel, (2004) give support to this conclusion (although wn 1846: 189, 216, pl. 96 (type locality: Japan: these authors did not note the taxonomic aspect of kno large rivers of Kiusiu Island; junior primary their results). shesfi homonymofCyprinushaematopterusRafinesque, 1820a: 6) Remarks on nomenclature. e name C. the of Cyprinus atro-virens Richardson, 1846: 287 (type haematopterus is used in the Russian and Chinese locality: China: Canton) literature for the common Asian carp. is name Cyprinus flammans Richardson, 1846: 288 (type (created by Temminck & Schlegel in 1846) is check-list locality: China: Canton) not valid for the Asian carp because it is a junior Cyprinus hybiscoides Richardson, 1846: 289 (type homonym of Cyprinus haematopterus created by locality: China: Canton) Rafinesque in 1820 for a North American fish. ongolia--A Cyprinus sculponeatus Richardson, 1846: 290 (type e oldest name has priority and the youngest M locality: China: Canton) of one is not valid. Anyway, C. haematopterus is not Cyprinus ? fossicola Richardson, 1846: 291 (type the earliest name given to this species; the earliest ishesF locality: China: Canton) available name for the common Asian carp is C. Cyprinus carpio var. mürgo Dybowski, 1869: 950 rubrofuscus, a name created by La Cepède in 1803 (typelocality:Russia:Transbaikalia:OnonRiver; (see Kottelat, 2001b: 45). spelledmurgop.946[emendationasmuergo(e.g. in Eschmeyer, 1998) is erroneous as the name Distribution. In Mongolia, C. rubrofuscus is native is not derived from a German word; Dybowski in the Amur drainage (Onon, Kherlen). Introduced explicitly stated it is the local vernacular name in the Selenge drainage in the mid-1940s, invasive. of the fish, Code art. 32.5.2.1]) It is not known if the introduced stocks are pure C. Cyprinus carpio yuankiang Wu, Yang, Yue & rubrofuscus. Outside Mongolia: from Amur to Red Huang., 1963: 43 (type locality: China) River drainages, although it is probably impossible Cyprinus carpio triangulus Wu, Yang, Yue & Huang, to determine its exact original range. 1963: 43 (type locality: China) Eupallasella percnurus Remarks on systematics. ere is no native Cyprinus carpio in Mongolia, only C. rubrofuscus Synonymy includes only nominal species whose (the C. haematopterus of Russian and Chinese type locality is in Asia literature) is native. Cyprinus carpio is native only Cyprinus Percnurus Pallas, 1814: 299 (type locality: to the Black, Caspian and Aral Seas basins, and it Russia: Siberia: lakes and swamps around River is introduced elsewhere. Cyprinus carpio has been Lena) 30 Mongolia Leuciscus dauricus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & and Rhynchocypris as valid. is is apparently also Valenciennes, 1844: 149 (type locality: Russia: the conclusion reached by Bogutskaya & Naseka from waters of Daouria [Transbaikalia]; based on (2004: 92), except that they retain Rhynchocypris Cyprinus rutilus of Pallas, 1814: 317) and Eupallasella as subgenera of Phoxinus. A recent Phoxinus jelskii Dybowski, 1869: 952 (type molecular study suggests that Eupallasella should locality: Russia: Siberia: lakes of Darasun, But- be included in Rhynchocypris (Sakai et al., 2006). Durutaj, Ila and Makhojtowa valleys [River As long as the interrelationships of the three genera Recorded Onon basin]) are not established, I do not see reason to consider Leucaspius Fischeri Sabaneev, 1871: 277 (nomen them congeneric. nudum; locality: Russia: Siberia: east slope of Ural range) Remarks on nomenclature. ere has been Species Phoxinus perenurus var. Dauricus Dybowski, 1877: disagreement in the correct spelling of the species' of 17 (type locality: Russia: Transbaikalia: lake in name, some authors using percnurus and others basin of River Onon) using perenurus (Kottelat, 1997: 59). In fact, Phoxinus stagnalis Warpachowski, 1886: 76, Bogutskaya et al. (2005: 93) showed that the fig. (type locality: Russia: Kazan Prov.: Lake spelling using in the first copies of the book was Schumjer [in basin of River Malaya Kokschaga, percnurus and that the letter `c' became damaged Accounts Berg, 1949: 578]) and was erroneously replaced by a letter `e' by the Phoxinus Sabanejewi Warpachowski, 1887a: 535 typesetter. [In 1814 printing methods were not (type locality: Russia: lakes on eastern slope of those of today]. Urals range [district Schadrinsk, Tscheljabinsk; Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge and Amur Berg, 1912: 199]; also in Warpachowski, 1887b: drainages. Outside Mongolia: lakes in Arctic 688) Ocean basin (from Northern Dvina to Kolyma Phoxinus altus Warpachowski, 1887b: 535 (type drainages) and Pacific basins (from Amur to Korea locality: Russia: Siberia: tributaries of River and Japan); in Europe, disjunct distribution: lakes Yenisei, Siberia [lower Tunguska, Berg; 1912: in Odra, Vistula, Dniepr, Volga drainages. 199]; also in Warpachowski, 1867b: 688) Phoxinus variabilis Warpachowski, 1887b: 535 (type locality: Russia: Siberia: tributaries of Gnathopogon strigatus River Ob [River Tscharysch; Berg, 1912: 199]; Leucogobio strigatus Regan, 1908: 59, pl. 2 fig. 2 also in Warpachowski, 1867b: 688) (type locality: Korea: Chong-ju) Phoxinus percnurus mantschuricus Berg, 1907a: Gobio taeniatus mantschuricus Berg, 1914: 481, 204 (type locality: China: Amur drainage: Da- fig. 72 (type locality: Manchuria: River Schansi, tschu-an, a tributary of River Sungari) tributary of River Hailin, at railway line, Phoxinus crucifer Gratzianow, 1907: 128 Sungari basin/River Ussuri downstream of (type locality: Russia: Buryatia: vicinity of Lontschakowskij) Troitskosavsk, River Selenge drainage/small lake Paraleucogobio soldatovi Berg, 1914: 486, fig. 74 at Bain Bulyk, 20 verst of Troitskosavsk) (type locality: Russia: mouth of Ussuri River) Phoxinus percnurus sarykul Ruzskii, 1926: 112, fig. (type locality: Russia: Siberia: Lake Sarykul, Remarks on systematics. Synonymy follows south of Chelyabinsk) from Berg, 1949: 575 Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 63). Chen (1998: 308) placed this species in the genus Paraleucogobio Remarks on systematics. Eupallasella percnurus while they considered that Gobio taeniatus was earlier placed in Phoxinus. Phoxinus is quite a mantschuricus is a valid species of Gnathopogon. heterogeneous assemblage and a number of authors havetriedtodividethespeciesintoavarietyofgenera Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir. Outside (e.g., Dybowski, 1916; Gasowska, 1979; Howes, Mongolia: Amur drainage in Russia and China, 1985). I follow Howes in recognizing Eupallasella Korea, River Liao in China. 31 e Gobio acutipinnatus Distribution. In Mongolia: Bulgan River. Outside nomenclatur Mongolia: Upper Irtysh drainage in China and and Gobio gobio acutipinnatus Menshikov, 1939: 131, Kazakhstan. Possibly present further downriver in pl. (type locality: Kazakhstan: Lake Marka-kul, Irtysh. Irtysh basin) systematics Gobio cynocephalus on Remarks on systematics. Gobio acutipinnatus, G. cynocephalus and many others have traditionally Gobio fluviatilis var. cynocephalus Dybowski, 1869: been treated as subspecies or synonyms of G. gobio, 951 (type locality: Russia: Amur drainage: comments which was considered to be a species extending Onon and Ingoda rivers) from Spain to northeastern China (e.g., Berg, Gobio liaoensis Mori, 1927: 31 (type locality: with 1949; Banarescu & Nalbant, 1973; Reshetnikov et China: Manchuria: Tai-tzu River, tributary of al., 1997; Kottelat, 1997). Detailed examination Liao River at Chiao-tao) ongolia M of several of the populations in Europe has shown in that G. "gobio" in fact is an assemblage of several Remarks on systematics. Chen (1998: 293) treats species, and that some even belong to the genus G. macrocephalus as a valid species, while Banarescu occur to Romanogobio. is is based on morphological as & Nalbant (1973: 128) treat it as a junior synonym wn well as molecular characters (see, e.g., Doadrio & of Gobio soldatovi and Kim (1997: 217) treats it as kno Madeira, 2004; Kottelat & Persat, 2005; Freyhof & a junior synonym of G. cynocephalus. e original description of G. macrocephalus by Mori (1930: shesfi Naseka, 2005; Yang et al., 2006). Chinese authors also recognize that the local G. "gobio" are also 46) is not very informative but indicates that the the head length is 3.6 times in SL; Chen (1998: 293) of an artificial assemblage and recognize a number of species (e.g., Chen, 1998). ey recognize G. gives 3.3­3.8 for G. macrocephalus from Tumen acutipinnatus as a valid species, occurring in China (type locality), 3.8­4.2 for G. soldatovi and 3.8­4.2 check-list in the Ertix drainage (Chinese name of the upper for G. cynocephalus. Banarescu & Nalbant (1973: Irtysh). 128) give 3.6­4.3 for G. soldatovi. e figure of G. cynocephalus in Kim (1997: 217) shows the head ongolia--A Gobio acutipinnatus was originally described from length about 4.4 times in SL; the origin of the M specimen is not stated. With the available data, I of Lake Marka-kul, a small lake in the Irtysh drainage, in Kazakhstan, close to the border with China. e exclude G. macrocephalus from the synonymy of G. ishesF Bulgan River [Ulungur in China] is a tributary cynocephalus and consider it as a valid species. of the Ertix. I have examined various samples of Gobio from the Bulgan and Ertix, and the syntypes Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon, Kherlen and from Lake Marka-kul in Zoological Institute, St. Khalkhiin rivers, Lake Buir. Outside Mongolia: Petersburg, and I agree with Chen (1998: 294) that Amur drainage in Russia and China; River Liao they belong to a distinct species. Records of both He in China. G. gobio and G. g. cynocephalus from the Bulgan in Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 95, 96) refer to Gobio sibiricus this species. Gobio gobio sibiricus Nikolski, 1936: 470 (type locality: Kazakhstan: Akmolinskaya Oblat: Gobio acutipinnatus is distinguish from other Nura River, where it enters Lake Dzhanybek Gobio in Mongolia by the combination of the /Russia: Krasnoyarskiy Krai: Minusinskiy following characters: anus midway between pelvic- District: Yenisei, Minusinkaya channel) fin base and anal-fin origin; throat naked in front ? Gobio gobio magnicapitata Gundriser, 1967: 70 of pectoral-fin base; 12­16 [usually 14] scale rows (type locality: Russia: Tuva: Lake Kara-Khol around caudal peduncle; snout blunt; head depth basin, Kham-Syra river system, Bol'shoy Yenisei about 1.5 times in its length; a mid-lateral row of drainage, 53.43°N 95.25°E [Gundriser, 1979a: 10­14 dark spots; 40­43 total lateral line scales. 9]) 32 Mongolia Remarks on systematics. e map in Baasanjav Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge drainage. & Tsendayush (2001: 99) shows G. cynocephalus Outside Mongolia: Ob (except Irtysh), Yenisei and from at different localities in the Selenge drainage. It Nura drainages. is not recorded in the Selenge by Sokolov (1983: 168). e map in Reshetnikov et al. (2002: 250) Gobio soldatovi shows no species of Gobio in Lake Baikal basin Gobio gobio var. soldatovi Berg, 1914: 461, fig. (including Selenge). Banarescu & Nalbant (1973: 63 (type locality: Russia: lower Amur River at Recorded 133) consider that the range of G. cynocephalus is Tscheptschiki [Chepchiki]) restricted to the Amur drainage and northeastern ? Gobio gobio tungussicus Borisov, 1928: 105, China and (p. 125) that the earlier records of 165, pl. 6 figs. 14­15 (type locality: Russia: G. cynocephalus in the upper Yenisei and Baikal Species Sakha-Yakutia: Lena River near Zhigansk) drainages are G. gobio sibiricus. Sideleva (2003: 10) of records G. g. cynocephalus in Lake Baikal basin. Remarks on systematics. Gobio soldatovi was first recorded from Lake Buir by Baasanjav Nikolski (1936) described G. g. sibiricus on the & Tsendayush (2001: 97). Berg (1949: 651), basis of material from several localities in the Nikolski (1956) and Banarescu & Nalbant (1973: Yenisei, Ob and Nura drainages. Berg (1949: 645) Accounts 129) recorded it only from the lower Amur commented that the Yenisei and Nura specimens drainage (downriver of Khabarovsk). Reshetnikov are not conspecific and he treated syntypes from et al. (1997: 701; 2002: 252) record it from the the Yenisei (Minussinsk) as G. g. cynocephalus whole Amur drainage, but this includes the G. s. and syntypes from the Nura (a recently formed "tungussicus" of Nikolski (1956), Sokolov (1983), endorheic drainage, still occasionally connected and Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 171), which with the Irtysh drainage) as G. g. lepidolaemus. is not conspecific (see under Gobio sp. Onon) and, Banarescu & Nalbant (1973: 125) examined on the basis of the available data, the presence of materialfromNuraandtreatedthetwopopulations the real G. soldatovi in the upper Amur remains to as conspecific, as C. g. sibiricus, and distinct from be confirmed. G. g. cynocephalus. ey, however, consider the Nura specimens as `intergrades' between their G. If G. soldatovi is naturally absent from the upper g. sibiricus and G. g. lepidolaemus. Amur, the resulting range (Lena and lower Amur drainages) would be strangely disjunct and the Banarescu & Nalbant (1973: 134) distinguished synonymy and status of the nominal taxa G. g. their G. g. sibiricus from G. cynocephalus by lateral tungussicus should be re-examined (see under Gobio line scale count (40­44 in G. g. sibiricus, vs. 43­ sp. Onon). 48) and shape of dorsal fin (distal edge more-or- less straight, vs. distinctly `notched' [concave]). Even if absent in upper Amur, the presence (and Without access to specimens, the difference apparently recent discovery) of G. soldatovi in seems convincing and I treat them as distinct. I Lake Buir could be explained by introduction or use the name G. sibiricus for the Yenisei and Ob accidentalrelease,togetherwithmanyotherspecies, populations. As there is a possibility that these on the Chinese side of the lake. e natural habitat two populations may be distinct from the Nura of the species in lower Amur is slow flowing and population, a lectotype designation will be needed standing water. to definitively fix the name to the Yenisei and Ob populations. Clearly, this would be premature at Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir. Outside this stage. Mongolia: Amur drainage in Russia and China; Sakhalin Island; ? Lena drainage in Russia. It remains to compare material from the Yenisei and Selenge to confirm that they are effectively conspecific, but I tentatively accept it. 33 e Gobio tenuicorpus Gobio sp. Onon nomenclatur Remarks on systematics. Sokolov (1983: 171) and Gobio gobio tenuicorpus Mori, 1934: 13, pl. 4 fig. 2a (type locality: China: Hopei: Hsing-lung-shan) and Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 97) recorded G. soldatovi tungussicus from the Onon drainage in Mongolia. Reshetnikov et al. (1997: 701) con- systematics Remarks on systematics. Listed as Gobio on albipinnatus tenuicorpus by Holcik & Pivnicka sidered that this `subspecies' is restricted to the Lena (1969: 7) and Sokolov (1983: 169), and "Gobio drainage. Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 65) treated albipinnatus Mori, 1934" by Baasanjav & G. g. tungussicus as a synonym of G. soldatovi. comments Tsendayush (2001: 94). Gobio albipinnatus Without access to specimens, it is impossible to with is a different species from the Volga and Ural know which is the species reported by Sokolov drainages, placed in the genus Romanogobio (1983) and Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001). e ongolia (Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004: 70). Gobio description and illustration in Sokolov are from M tenuicorpus was also moved to Romanogobio in Nikolski (1956) and based on specimens from "a by Banarescu & Nalbant (1973: 143), who small unnamed lake in the Shargol'dzhin River occur considered Romanogobio as a subgenus of Gobio. system (a tributary of Ingoda), in Bal'zinskoye to Romanogobio is now considered as a valid genus Lake in theTura River system, a tributary of Ingoda wn (Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004: 70), also including River, and in lake-like puddles of Onon River at kno the former subgenus Rheogobio as a synonym (see Novo-Kazachinskoye", in Russia. shesfi Naseka&Freyhof,2004). egenusRomanogobio includes species from the Black Sea and Caspian the Gobio gobio tungussicus was originally described of Sea basins and species from East Asia, a strange from the Lena River drainage (Borisov, 1928: 105). zoogeographic pattern; their actual relationships Nikolski's figure of G. s. tungussicus shows a fish require further investigation. Indeed a molecular quite different from that of Borisov (reproduced check-list analysis of the relationships within Gobioninae in Berg, 1949: 646). It shows a deeper bodied fish, shows G. tenuicorpus included in the Gobio with a more slender caudal peduncle, a blunt snout lineage and clearly distinct from the Romanogobio and a colour pattern made of a row of blotches ongolia--A lineage (Yang et al., 2006). along the flank, while Borisov's drawing shows a M of dark longitudinal band. A topotype of G. soldatovi figured in Berg (1949: 650) looks similar to G. ishesF Gobio tenuicorpus is known from the Amur to the Luang Ho drainages. In the Amur drainage, it has a s. tungussicus. Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 65) broadly disjunct range, with the lower and middle consider them as synonyms. stretches on the one hand and Lake Buir on the On the basis of the published data, the fish other hand (e.g., Reshetnikov et al., 2002: 316). figured by Nikolski (1956) as G. s. tungussicus is Sokolov (1983: 170) compared the data of Holcik misidentified. I am unable to identify it as any of & Pivnicka (1969: 7) with materials from the delta the species of Gobio recorded from the Amur in the of stream Khalkhiin and with materials from Amur Russian and Chinese literature. and found no morphological differences. eir description of the species is taken from Nikolski Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon River drainage. (1956: 185). It is not clear whether this disjunct Outside Mongolia: Onon and Ingoda drainages in range reflects a collecting bias, or reality. e data Russia. and drawing in Sokolov (1983: 170) are those of Nikolski (1956: 185) based on material from Hemibarbus labeo middle and lower Amur. Cyprinus labeo Pallas, 1776a: 207 (nomen nudum), Distribution. In Mongolia: In River Khalkhiin 1776b: 703 (type locality: Russia: "streams and in Lake Buir. Outside Mongolia: from Amur flowing through Dauria and draining to the to Luang Ho drainages. Amur" [p.207]/Dauria is mentioned p. 703 as 34 Mongolia "Russis in Dauria [kon] (Equus)" which means ? Hemibarbus longibarbis Fang, 1938: 269 (type "called [kon] (horse) by the Russians of Dauria"]; locality: China: Kiangsi: Sau-hsui) from also in Pallas, 1778: appendix, p. 14) Gobio barbus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 198, Remarks on systematics. e genus Hemibarbus pl. 99 fig. 1 (type locality: Japan: Nagasaki; was revised by Yue (1995; Yue, in Chen, 1998: junior secondary homonym of Cyprinus barbus 491). Linnaeus, 1758: 320, when placed in Barbus by Recorded Günther, 1868: 135) Distribution. In Mongolia: drainages of Lake Buir ? Barbus abramoides Brandt, in Maak, 1861: 196 and Rivers Onon, Kherlen and Khalkhiin. Outside (nomen nudum; locality: Russia, Ussuri) Mongolia:fromAmurtoYangtzedrainages(Russia, Barbus schlegelii Günther, 1868: 135 (replacement China) and Taiwan. Species name for Gobio barbus Temminck & Schlegel, of 1846: 198) Hemiculter leucisculus Acanthogobio oxyrhynchus Nikolski, 1904: 358 Culter Leucisculus Basilewsky, 1855: 238 (type (type locality: Russia: Lake Chanka at mouth of locality: China: streams draining to Gulf of River Santacheza) Tschili) Pseudogobio chaoi Evermann & Shaw, 1927: 106 Accounts Squaliobarbus annamiticus Tirant, 1883: 97 (type (type locality: China: Nanking) locality: Vietnam: River of Hué) Hemibarbus longianalis Kimura, 1934: 123, pl. 4 Culter Balnei Sauvage, 1884: 213, pl. 8 fig. 4 (type fig. 1 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Suining locality: Vietnam: vicinity of Hanoï) and Howchwan) Hemiculter Schrencki Warpachowski, in Warpa- chowski & Herzenstein, 1887: 46, pl. fig. 4 Remarksonsystematics. egenusHemibarbuswas (type locality: China: Fu-Tschau [Fuchow]; also revised by Yue (1995; Yue, in Chen, 1998: 491). in Warpachowski, 1888: 18) Hemiculter kneri Warpachowski, 1888: 17 (based Distribution. In Mongolia: drainages of Lake Buir on Culter leucisculus of Kner, 1867: 362; type and Rivers Onon, Kherlen and Khalkhiin. Outside locality: China: Shanghai) Mongolia: from Amur to Mingjiang drainages Hemiculter kneri Kreyenberg & Pappenheim, (Russia, China) and Taiwan. 1908: 105 (based in part on Culter leucisculus of Kner, 1867: 362; type locality: China: Shanghai Hemibarbus maculatus and Hankau; junior primary homonym of Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker, 1871: 19, pl. 4 fig. Hemiculter kneri Warpachowski, 1888: 17) 3 (type locality: China: Yangtze River; junior Parapelecus eigenmanni Jordan & Metz, 1913: 21, secondary homonym of Barbus maculatus pl. 3 fig. 1 (type locality: Korea: Suigen, south Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, of Seoul) 1842: 195, when placed in Barbus by Günther, Cultriculus akoensis Oshima, 1920: 132, pl. 3 fig. 4 1889: 224; these taxa are no longer considered (type locality: Taiwan: Ako) congeneric and the substitute name [Barbus Hemicultur [sic] clupeoides Nichols, 1925c: 7 (type semibarbus Günther, 1889: 224] is not in use, locality: China: Hunan: Lake Tungting) so Hemibarbus maculatus is not rejected; Code Kendallia goldsboroughi Evermann & Shaw, 1927: art. 59.3) 108 (type locality: China: Hangchow) Barbus semibarbus Günther, 1889: 224 (replacement name for Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker, 1871: 19) Remarks on systematics. Most records of the Hemibarbus joiteni Jordan & Starks, 1904: 241, pl. presence of H. leucisculus in Mongolia (Lake 64 (type locality: China: Pei Ho at Tientsin) Buir) in fact are based on misidentification of H. Acanthogobio paltschevskii Nikolski, 1904: 356 varpachovskii, see list of citations in Sokolov (1983: (type locality: Russia: Lake Chanka at mouth of 194). e two species are cited as present in Lake River Santacheza) Buir by Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 113), 35 e Bogutskaya & Naseka (1996: 26) and Reshetnikov presence of their two subspecies only in Lake nomenclatur et al. (1997: 702). Khanka [Xinkaihu; H. lucidus lucidus] and Lake and Hulun Hu [Lake Dalai Nur, adjacent to Lake Buir; Distribution. In Mongolia: Lakes Buir and Bayan. H. lucidus varpachovskii], that are at or very close Outside Mongolia: from Amur to Red River to their respective type localities. e fish figured systematics drainages; Taiwan. by Chen (1998: 169, 171) as H. lucidus lucidus and on H. lucidus varpachovskii look quite different (head Hemiculter varpachovskii length, body depth, length of last simple dorsal ray) and do not appear conspecific. I tentatively comments Hemiculter varpachovskii Nikolski, 1904: 359 (type retain H. varpachovskii as a valid species. locality: Mongolia: Lake Buir) with Distribution. In Mongolia: Khalkh River and Notes on systematics. is species was originally ongolia Lake Buir. Outside Mongolia: Lake Hulun [Dalai M described from Lake Buir. It was later treated Nur] in China and possibly upper Argun drainage in as a synonym of Hemiculter leucisculus (e.g., in Russia and China. Berg, 1949: 365), as a subspecies of Hemiculter occur to bleekeri (e.g., Wu et al., 1964: 89), as a subspecies Hypophthalmichthys molitrix wn of Hemiculter leucisculus (e.g., Sokolov, 1983: kno 194), as a synonym of Hemiculter lucidus (e.g., Leuciscus molitrix Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Bogutskaya & Naseka, 1996: 26), as a subspecies Valenciennes, 1844: 360 (type locality: not shesfi of Hemiculter lucidus (e.g., Chen, 1998: 170) or stated [China ?]) the as a valid species (e.g., Baasanjav & Tsendayush, Leuciscus hypophthalmus Richardson, 1845: 139, of 2001: 112). pl. 63 fig. 1 (type locality: China: Canton) Cephalus Mantschuricus Basilewsky, 1855: 235, pl. check-list Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 113) record 7 fig. 3 (type locality: China: Beijing/Manchuria the presence of a second species of Hemiculter /Mongolia) in Lake Buir, as H. leucisculus. Bogutskaya & Hypophthalmichthys Basilewskii Kner, 1867: 350 ongolia--A Naseka (1996: 26) and Reshetnikov et al. (1997: (unnecessary replacement name for Cephalus M 702) record the presence of H. leucisculus and H. mantschuricus Basilewsky, 1855: 235) of lucidus (including H. varpachovskii as a synonym) Abramocephalus microlepis Steindachner, 1869: ishesF in Lake Buir. Sokolov (1983: 194) and Bogutskaya 150 (type locality: China; also in Steindachner, & Naseka (1996: 26) list a number of citations of 1870: 302) H. lucidus as H. leucisculus. ey consider that H. ? Hypophthalmichthys Dabryi Bleeker, 1871: 84 leucisculus leucisculus, H. leucisculus lucidus and (not available, name listed in synonymy) H. leucisculus varpachovskii of Nikolski (1956: ? Hypophthalmichthys Dabryi Bleeker, 1878: 210 290, 298, 301) are H. lucidus and that his H. (type locality: China: River Yang-tse-kiang) eigenmanni in fact is H. leucisculus. To me the Hypophthalmichthys Dybowskii Herzenstein, in figures of H. l. leucisculus and H. l. varpachowskii Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 1888: 38 (type show two distinct species. locality: Russia: Amur River/Amur River between Emoro and Chilusa [China: Fuchow; e specimen I have examined from Lake Buir Berg, 1949: 846]) agrees with the description of H. leucisculus Pseudolaubuca clupeoides Duncker, 1904: 183, pl. varpachovskii in Sokolov (1983: 194) and Chen 1 figs. 1­1a (type locality: Malaysia: Sungai (1998: 170, 484) and their drawings. Bungus near Kuala Lumpur [introduced]) While Reshetnikov et al. (1997: 703) consider Distribution. In Mongolia: not native. Outside H. lucidus to be distributed from the Amur to Mongolia: from Amur to Xi Jiang [Pearl River] southern China, Chen (1998: 484) report the drainages. 36 Mongolia Hypophthalmichthys molitrix was recorded a from the Ertix drainage, whose identity is not yet few times in Lake Buir (Sokolov, 1983: 205; clear, see below]). from Tsendayush, 1968) and a few were also caught from deep places in the upper part of Orshuun I could not find studies of L. leuciscus sensu River and at the mouth of Khalkhiin River. lato throughout its recorded range (Europe and is fish is commonly cultivated in China and northern Asia), posterior to that of Berg (1949). these individuals have probably been stocked on Berg recognized the Siberian populations as a Recorded the Chinese side of Lake Buir. It is unlikely to subspecies L. l. baicalensis distinguished from the establish. Where introduced, H. molitrix usually European L. l. leuciscus by a terminal mouth (vs. survives only by stocking. Adults are migratory in subterminal) and usually 9­10 branched rays in large rivers. To successfully reproduce in the wild, the anal fin (vs. 8). e mouth position recorded Species they need to have large rivers, with deep water and by Berg disagrees with his figure 313 which shows of a minimum speed; eggs are spawn at the surface a fish from the Kolyma with a subterminal mouth, and must remain drifting in the current until they but much less than his figure 312 of a specimen hatch and the larvae settle. If the river is blocked from the Neva. Koch & Paepke (1998: 162) also or is too short, the eggs drop to the bottom and considered that the populations of the Selenge fail to develop. have a subterminal mouth. Accounts Ladislavia taczanowskii e difference in the number of branched anal-fin rays (9­10, vs. 8) is more significant. e number Ladislavia Taczanowskii Dybowski, 1869: 954, of anal-fin rays is usually very stable in species pl. 17 fig. 7 (type locality: Russia: Onon and of the subfamily Leuciscinae, and differences in Ingoda rivers) number of anal-fin rays have often been used as a reliable character for the diagnosis of species. Distribution. In Mongolia: in Rivers Onon, Balj Mitrofanov (2000) examined the variability of four and Khurkh. Outside Mongolia: Amur and Yalu meristic characters in Leuciscus populations from drainages; Korea. Kazakhstan and Europe and showed that they differ in the number of branched anal-fin rays and gill Leuciscus baicalensis rakers. Unfortunately he did not give ranges but Squalidus baicalensis Dybowski, 1874: 388, pl 5 only mean values; nevertheless, as the number of fig. 1 (type locality: Russia: Lake Baikal [rare] examined individuals are high, and the values very and all its tributary streams) distinctive, they show clear differences. e average Squalius suworzewi Warpachovski, 1889b: 17 number of branched anal-fin rays are between 7.5 (type locality: Kazakhstan: Irtysh River at and 8.1 for 7 European populations (11 to 226 Semipalatinsk) from Berg, 1949: 546 specimens per population) and 9.2 to 10.3 for 16 Squalius mehdem Warpachovski, 1897: 255, pl. 12 populations of the Irtysh drainage in Kazakhstan (9 fig. 1 (type locality: Russia: Ob River at Atlym) to 102 specimens per population. is corresponds to the 8 vs. 9­10 values indicated by Berg (1949). Remarks on systematics. e populations of dace (Leuciscus species) of Mongolia have been reported Mitrofanov (2000) also recorded differences in as L. leuciscus baicalensis by most authors (e.g., gill-raker counts. e 7 European populations Sokolov, 1983: 142), as well as those from most of have mean values between 6.7 and 9.4, while the Siberia (e.g., Reshetnikov et al., 1997: 703, 2002: 16 Irtysh populations have mean values between 277; Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004: 85). Other 8.2 and 10.7. authors consider them as a distinct species (e.g., Baasanjav & Tsendayush, 2001: 78, Luo, in Chen, ese data show that the European and Siberian 1998: 70 [but this is based only on populations populationsarediagnosablydistinctandtheyarethus 37 e distinct species, the European one being L. leuciscus in the lowermost part of the Irtysh. Further nomenclatur and the Siberian one L. baicalensis. It remains to be downriver on the Irtysh (the name of the Ertix in and shown that all Siberian populations are conspecific. Kazakhstan), V. P. Mitrofanov et al. (1987: 80) e identity of the Leuciscus populations inhabiting record 8­15 gill rakers in their L. "baicalensis" from the endorheic basins of Central Asia, from Aral to the Irtysh and I. V. Mitrofanov (2000: 37) records systematics Balkash, requires clarification. mean values of 8.8­10.5 in 6 populations of the on upper Irtysh drainage in Kazakhstan. Kimura et e analysis of the populations from westernmost al. (1992: 94) examined 4 specimens of Leuciscus Europe (Loire, Garonne and Adour drainages in from the Ulungur, which they consider as possibly comments France), earlier identified as L. leuciscus, shows that representing three species. ey have 10­11 gill with they are not conspecific with those from the rest of rakers. Europe (pers. obs.) and the same may possibly be ongolia the case when populations from the rest of the range Koch & Paepke (1998) mention other characters M are examined at a closer geographic resolution. in distinguishing the two species. Leuciscus dzungaricus has a terminal mouth (vs. subterminal occur Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge drainage. in L. baicalensis), fewer vertebrae (usually 42, vs. to Outside Mongolia: rivers draining to the Arctic 44), the presence (vs. absence) of a dense cover of wn Ocean, from the Ob to the Kolyma. small tubercles (or unculi ?) on the pectoral-fin kno rays, and some body proportions. shesfi Leuciscus dzungaricus the Leuciscus dzungaricus Paepke & Koch, in Koch e figures in Anonym (1979: fig. 16) and Luo of & Paepke, 1998: 162, fig. 6 (type locality: (in Chen, 1998: 70) show fishes more slender Mongolia: Bulgan-Gol) than the holotype of L. dzungaricus, with a slightly check-list subterminal mouth. Luo records 41­42 vertebrae. Remarks on systematics. is species was recently e specimens reported by Kimura et al. (1992) described from the Bulgan River shortly upstream have 42 or 43 vertebrae. e mouth appears ongolia--A of the Mongolia-China border (Koch & Paepke, terminal in their L. sp. 1, possibly subterminal in M 1998). Koch & Paepke distinguished it from their L. sp. 2, and its position cannot be observed of L. baicalensis of the Selenge drainage in having, on their figure of L. sp. 3 but they report it as ishesF among others, more gill-rakers on the first gill arch subterminal. (14­17, vs. 7­10). Berg (1949: 546) records 7­11 gill rakers in L. baicalensis, and this agrees with the As the differences noted by Koch & Paepke allow data of Mitrofanov (2000) discussed above, under to distinguish it from L. baicalensis, I consider L. baicalensis. L. dzungaricus as a distinct species, but clearly, direct examination and comparison of material Luo (in Chen, 1998: 70) records 9­12 gill rakers in from different localities along the Bulgan-Ertix- the L. "baicalensis" specimens they examined from Irtysh is needed to confirm their distinctness, Lake Ulungur and the Ertix and Ulungur rivers, the limits of their ranges, and that the different and this seems to show they are not conspecific authors used the same method for taking counts with L. dzungaricus. Ulungur is the name of the and measurements. e presence of two species in Bulgan in China; it is a tributary of the Ertix. One sympatry, or the existence of an introgression zone, reasonably expects that a species from the Bulgan or clinal variation within a single species should stretch could also occur in the Ulungur stretch. not be excluded. If L. dzungaricus and L. baicalensis are effectively distinct, they possibly occur in sympatry and it Kimura et al. (1992) also record the presence of cannot be ruled out that L. dzungaricus occurs in L. bergi in Ulungur River. It is distinguished from the uppermost part of Ulungur and L. baicalensis L. baicalensis and L. dzungaricus in having more 38 Mongolia gill rakers on the first gill arch (22­24, vs. 7-­15). Leuciscus farnumi Fowler, 1899: 179 (type locality: Leuciscus bergi was earlier known only from Lake China: Tore River, tributary of Sungari River) from Issy-KulinKirghizistan.ItspresenceintheUlungur Leuciscus waleckii sinensis Rendahl, 1925: 197 is surprising considering the very great distance (type locality: China: Shansi Prov.: Hoangho between the two drainages, but, if confirmed, its [Huang He River], Ping-lu-hsien/Honan Prov. presence in the Bulgan might be possible. [Henan]: Hsien-an-hsien; in title as Leuciscus (Idus) waleckii sinensis, on p. 197 as Idus waleckii Recorded Distribution. In Mongolia: Bulgan River. Out- sinensis) side Mongolia: expected in Ertix drainage in China. ? Leuciscus mongolicus Oshima, 1926: 103 (type locality: China: Jehol: Chih-fang [from Mori, Leuciscus idus 1934: 23]; secondary junior homonym of Species Squalius mongolicus Kessler, 1876: 21 when of Synonymy includes only nominal species whose placed in Leuciscus; see also Oshima, 1929 type locality is in Asia (Abstracts): 83) Cyprinus Idus Linnaeus, 1758: 324 (based on Leuciscus brevirostris Mori, 1927: 31 (type locality: Linnaeus [1746: 121, n. 320, Cyprinus ... radiis China: Manchuria: Hun River, tributary of Liao 13], Artedi [1738: gen. 5 [6], syn, 14, spec. 6 River) Accounts [5], Cyprinus iride sublutea ...] and Gronovius Leuciscus waleckii tumensis Mori, 1930: 44 (type [1754: 3, n. 13, idem]; type locality: "in Europae locality: Korea: Mo-san and Kai-nei) aquis dulcibus"; type material: NT) Leuciscus (Idus) waleckii Joholensis Kimura, 1934: Squalius oxianus Kessler, 1877: 124 (type locality: 13, pl. 3 fig. 1 (type locality: "Eastern Mongolia" Uzbekistan: mouth of Amu Darya River and [China: Hebei Prov.]: Cheng-the [Chengde], Kunja-Urgentsch in delta of Amu Darya River) River Je-Ho) Idus oxianus Kessler, 1877: 129 (type locality: ? Leuciscus oshimae Fowler, 1958: 12 (replacement Uzbekistan: lower part of Amu Darya River) name for Leuciscus mongolicus Oshima, 1926: Idus melanotus var. orientalis Sinitzyn, 1900: 45 103) (nomen nudum; Russia: Siberia: Lake Baikal) ? Leuciscus jeholi Howes, 1984: 291 (unnecessary from Berg, 1912: 166 replacement name for Leuciscus mongolicus LeuciscusidusidusnatiosibiricusKirillov,1958(infra- Oshima, 1926: 103, a junior secondary subspecific, name not available; locality: Russia: homonym of Squalius mongolicus Kessler, 1876: Siberia: River Leny) from Kirillov, 1962: 47 21 when placed in Leuciscus) Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge drainage. Remarks on systematics. e Leuciscus population Outside Mongolia: in Asia, from Ob to Lena from Tumen River (border between China and drainages; Aral basin. In Europe, Baltic, Black, Korea) is considered as a distinct subspecies L. w. northern Caspian and North Sea basins, Atlantic tumensis by Luo (in Chen, 1998: 67), as a synonym basin southward to Loire drainage (France). of L. waleckii by Kim (1997: 251), and as probably Reported from the Ertix in China (Anonym, 1979: a valid species L. tumensis by Bogutskaya & Naseka 26; Kimura et al., 1992: 93; Luo, in Chen, 1998: (2004: 86). Populations from upper Huang Ho 477) and thus presence in Bulgan River should not earlier referred to as L. waleckii are considered as be excluded. a distinct species L. chuanchicus by Luo (in Chen, 1998: 68). Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski) Howes (1984: 289) established the genus Genghis, Idus Waleckii Dybowski, 1869: 953, pl. 16 fig. 5 with Squalius mongolicus Kessler, 1876 as type (type locality: Russia: Onon and Ingoda rivers, species. Howes' Genghis mongolicus is considered Amur drainage) to be misidentified L. chuanchicus by Luo (in 39 e Chen, 1998: 68), who treated it as a species of Microphysogobio anudarini nomenclatur Leuciscus; they listed L. mongolicus as a synonym Microphysogobio tungtingensis anudarini Holcik and of L. waleckii. is would make Genghis a junior & Pivnicka, 1969: 8, figs. 1­3 (type locality: synonym of Leuciscus. Howes listed a number Mongolia: Lake Buir-Nur [Lake Buir]) of characters distinguishing his Genghis from systematics Leuciscus and which suggest that the identity of the on Remarks on systematics. e Microphysogobio type species of Genghis is not yet clear. species from Lake Buir was described as M. tungtingensisanudarinibyHolcik&Pivnicka(1968: Also there seem to be confusion as to the identity comments 8). Banarescu & Nalbant (1973: 263) considered it of L. waleckii and L. mongolicus. Indirectly, Howes one of five subspecies of M. tungtingensis. e other with (1984: 291) considered that the drawing of Idus subspecies were M. t. amurensis, M. t. suifuensis, M. waleckii in Dybowski (1869: pl. 16 fig. 5) shows t. uchidai and M. t. tungtingensis. ongolia a species distinct of that of Squalius mongolicus in M Kessler (1876: pl. 2 fig. 2). Indeed, the two differ in Microphysogobio t. suifuensis from the middle and in head shape, shape of caudal peduncle and eye upper Yangtze is considered a valid species by occur size. e size of the eye is the character used in to Banarescu (1992: 326) and as a synonym of M. Luo's (in Chen, 1998: 478) key to distinguish L. wn kiatingensis by Yue (in Chen, 1998: 358); this will waleckii from L. chuanchicus (6 times or less in kno not be discussed here, as all authors agree at least head length, vs. 6 or more). Berg (1912: 92, 110, shesfi that it is not M. tungtingensis. Microphysogobio t. 1949: 547) and Banarescu (1970: 48) considered uchidai from Korea is considered as a subspecies the that S. mongolicus and S. chuanchicus are synonyms. of of M. tungtingensis by Banarescu (1992: 326), as a Bogutskaya (1994: 617) examined the holotypes valid species by Kim (1997: 244) and as a synonym of S. mongolicus (ZISP 2472) and S. chuanchicus of M. yaluensis by Kim & Yang (1999: 6). is later (ZISP 2483) and found them to be distinct species. check-list conclusion is followed here. Berg (1912: 92, 110) gave precedence to the name S. mongolicus over the name S. chuanchicus. Microphysogobio t. amurensis from the Amur drain- ongolia--A ageisconsideredasasynonymofM.tungtingensisby M e type locality of Squalius mongolicus is given as Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 68) and Reshetnikov of "a southern Lake Dalai-nor (no outlet)" by Berg et al. (2003: 283), as a subspecies by Banarescu (1949: 547), as "Dalai Nor, Huang-Ho drainage" ishesF (1992: 326) and Reshetnikov et al. (1997: 703), as by Banarescu (1970: 47), and as "Hu-lun [Dalai- a valid species by Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: Nor] Lake, China" by Eschmeyer (1998: 1114). 104), and as a valid species in the genus Rostrogobio ere are a number of lakes named Dalai Nor in by Yue (in Chen, 1998: 372). Microphysogobio t. Mongolia and northern China. Hu Lun is one anudarini from Lake Buir is treated as a synonym of them, in Amur drainage, and connected with of M. amurensis by Baasanjav & Tsendayush Lake Buir in Mongolia. In fact, the type locality (2001: 104) and Sokolov (1983: 181; but placed seems to be the Dalai Nur located at 43°18'00"N in Rostrogobio) but is overlooked in the Chinese 116°37'00"E, as is clear from the map in literature. Microphysogobio t. tungtingensis inhabits Przewal'skii (1876) whose expedition collected the the lower Yangtze. specimens. It is in an endorheic basin in Liaoning Province of China. It is not connected with Huang Yue (in Chen, 1998: 358, 372) places the Yangtze He drainage. Maps suggest it might have had an and Amur populations in two different genera. earlier connection with Amur or Liao drainages. In the key (p. 490) she distinguishes them by the position of the oval pads in the lower lip (close Distribution. In Mongolia: in Rivers Kherlen, together in Microphysogobio, vs. slightly separate Onon, Balj, Adraga, Khalkh, Orshuun, and in Rostrogobio), the scalation of the belly (naked Numrug, and in Lake Buir. Outside Mongolia: only in front of the pectoral fins, vs. naked in from Amur to Huang Ho drainages. 40 Mongolia front of the pelvic fins), and the shape of the 61, by original designation). Gender mas- caudal peduncle (short and deep, vs. slender). culine. from Without other information and without access to comparison material, it is difficult to see these Remarks on systematics. e genus Oreoleuciscus characters as distinguishing two genera and I retain is almost endemic to Mongolia. Outside Mongolia, both in Microphysogobio. But these characters and it is known only in the Russian part of the Lake the figures and descriptions of the two populations Uvs basin, and in the upper reaches of Chuya Recorded in Yue (in Chen, 1998) show two species grossly (near Kosch-Agach) and Chulyshman rivers, two distinguished by snout shape, body depth, shape tributaries of Ob River in Tuva (Russia). of caudal peduncle, lateral line scale counts; added to the widely disjunct ranges, they are distinct etaxonomicalhistoryofOreoleuciscusisintricate. Species species. It has been investigated by various authors with of various successes, and with very different and Holcik&Pivnicka(1969:10)reportthefollowing often conflicting theoretical approaches. It is not differences between the Lake Buir (anudarini) the place here to discuss all these studies in detail and the Amur populations (amurensis): three and I will only give a very raw summary. simple anal-fin rays in Lake Buir, vs. two in Amur Accounts [this last count is most likely erroneous]; distance Inrecentyears,someRussianandMongolianauthors between anus and anal-fin origin 17.8­19.6 % recognized a single species with a variety of forms, or SL, vs. 23.0­29.5; and "some other features". morphs, or ecotypes. ese are mainly ecologically- e data for the Amur population are from orientated publications, and this probably explains Nikolski (1956). In the four specimens from the problems with the taxonomic concepts and with Lake Buir that I examined the distance between the nomenclature. I could not find information on the anus and the anal-fin origin is 19.0­20.8 % the species concept they used or a definition of what SL. On the basis of this difference, I tentatively they call a `form'. Others have recognized some of retain M. anudarini as a distinct species, pending these "forms" as valid species. examination and direct comparison with material of M. amurensis. Sokolov (1983: 146­154; 1985: 87­120) recognized a single species, O. potanini, with Berg (1949: 669) reported the distribution of 4 `forms': dwarf, herbivorous, piscivorous and M. amurensis as "middle and lower Amur as far sharp-snout. Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: upstream as Blagoveshchensk and further" but 69­77) recognized 3 species, O. potanini (for the it has since been collected in Shilka, Ingoda and herbivorous`form'),O.pewzowi(forthepiscivorous Onon systems in Russia (N. Bogutskaya and A. `form') and O. humilis (for the dwarf `form'); they Naseka, pers. comm.). do not mention the sharp-snout `form'. Bogutskaya (2001) reviewed the literature, the systematics Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir. Outside and the nomenclature of the genus and provided Mongolia: Probably in Lake Hu-Lun, China, and morphological and anatomical descriptions. She possibly elsewhere in upper Amur drainage. recognized three species: O. humilis (for the dwarf `form'), O. potanini (for the herbivorous and the sharp-snout `forms') and O. angusticephalus (for Oreoleuciscus the piscivorous `form'). Bogutskaya did not have Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski, 1889a: 27 (type access to usable material of the sharp-snout `form' species: Chondrostoma potanini Kessler, 1879: and this is apparently the reason why she did not 306, by subsequent designation by Berg, 1912: recognize it as distinct. 81). Gender masculine. Acanthorutilus Berg, 1912: 81 (type species: My examination of a variety of specimens and OreoleuciscusdsapchynensisWarpachowski,1889a: of the literature makes me largely agree with the 41 e taxonomic and nomenclatural conclusions of Dgebuadze, 1985; Golubtsov et al., 1999) also nomenclatur Bogutskaya (2001). She recognized two species studied the LakeTana barbs in Ethiopia (e.g., Mina and (O. potanini, O. angusticephalus) in the lakes and et al., 1996, 1998) where they also considered as rivers of the Great Lakes Basin and one species (O. `forms' or `morphotypes' what a later taxonomic humilis) in the Gobi Lakes Valley, Lake Uvs basin analysis demonstrated to be a species flock of 15 systematics and isolated localities of the Selenge drainage. species (Nagelkerke, 1997; Nagelkerke & Sibbing, on e material I examined includes samples with 1997, 2000). If `form' and `morphotype' have a modified dorsal fin that constitute a distinct consistent definitions in their different works, species, for which O. dsapchynensis seems to this suggests that use of appropriate taxonomic comments be the valid name (see below for reservations). procedures to the study of the Oreoleuciscus `forms' with Unfortunately, I have not been able to access case might lead to a greater taxonomic diversity. material of the sharp-snout `form' figured by ongolia Sokolov (1983: 151) and Golubtsov et al. (1999: M Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus 891); its striking, unique morphology makes it in difficult to decide whether it is conspecific with Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus Bogutskaya, 2001: 35, occur O. dsapchynensis or belongs to an additional fig. 7 (type locality: Mongolia: channel between to species. For the time being, I tentatively treat it as Lakes Khirgis-Nur [Lake Khyar-gas] and Airik- wn conspecific with O. dsapchynensis. Nur [Lake Airag]) kno shesfi Bogutskaya's conclusions are supported by Remarks on biology and systematics. is is the the morphological data. Sokolov (1983) summarized piscivorous `form' of Sokolov (1983: 149, 1985: of the then available information on the biology of 99) and the O. pewzowi of Baasanjav &Tsendayush the different `forms'. e presence in sympatry (in (2001: 72) and various authors. Bogutskaya (2001: different combinations in different lakes) of O. 28) showed that the holotype of O. pewzowi in check-list potanini, O. angusticephalus, O. dsapchynensis and/ fact is a specimen of O. potanini, thus the name or the sharp-snout `form', with different feeding O. pewzowi is a junior synonym and cannot be habits, and habitat preferences are additional used for the piscivorous `form'. ere was no other ongolia--A M indications that they are distinct species. name available for this species and a new name (O. of angusticephalus) had to be created. But the situation is possibly more complex in the ishesF lakes of the Great Lakes Basin. Although I have e biology of O. angusticephalus is reported by not examined as much material as Bogutskaya did, Sokolov (1983: 147, 1985: 88) and summarized those specimens I examined are additional to hers by Bogutskaya (2001: 40). It is an exclusively andpartlyfromotherlocalitiesandtheysuggestthat lacustrine species, reaches a size up to 1000 mm the exact distribution of the different species still SL, matures around 200­240 mm SL, and lives requires investigation, and that the populations of up to at least 40 years. Juveniles feed on plankton, some lakes escape the pattern presently recognized. adults prey on fishes. e species spawns in May- For example, some samples from Lake Airag share June. the diagnostic characters of O. humilis (see below), a species otherwise not known in the Great Lakes Distribution. Endemic to Mongolia: lakes of Basin. Lakes Uureg (an endorheic basin adjacent the Great Lakes Basin (Khar-Us, Khar, Nogoon, to Khovd drainage and Lake Uvs basin) and Achit Khyargas, Achit, Tolbo, Uureg and Tal). have populations sharing some of the characters of O. dsapchynensis. Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Some of the authors who contributed to the study ? Leuciscus Pewzowi Herzenstein, 1883: 244 and discussion of `forms' of Oreoleuciscus (e.g., (nomen nudum; locality: Mongolia: Tchon'- Sokolov, 1983, 1985; Borisovets et al., 1985; Kharikha [Tchon-Kharnkha on Herzenstein's 42 Mongolia map; Tchonocharajch-Gol, channel between follow Sokolov et al. in treating it as mere `form' Lakes Khar and Khar-Us]) of O. potanini, without a proper demonstration from ? Oreoleuciscus Pewzowi Warpachowski, 1889a: (and without a clear definition of the word `form'). 41, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type locality: Mongolia: Tschon- is `form' is found only in Lakes Khar-Us, Khar, Charicha [Tchon-Kharikha; Tchonocharajch- Nogoon. On the other hand, it has some similarity Gol, channel between Lakes Khar and Khar- with the O. dsapchynensis that I examined from Us]) Lake Airag. Unfortunately I have not been able Recorded ? Oreoleuciscus Pewzowi var. altus Warpachowski, to examine material of the sharp snout `form' 1889a: 45, pl. 1 fig. 3 (type locality: Mongolia: from Lakes Khar-Us, Khar or Nogoon and River Tatche-teli [Tatchen-Tel, a channel cannot conclude on their conspecificity with O. between Lake Khar and Zavkhan River]) dsapchynensis. Species ? Oreoleuciscus Pewzowi var. longicaudus Warpa- of chowski, 1889a: 48, pl. 3 fig. 3 (type locality: e biology of O. dsapchynensis is described by Mongolia: River Tatche-teli [Tatchen-Tel, a Sokolov (1983: 150, 1985: 110). It reaches a channel between Lake Khar and Zavkhan maximum size of 280 mm and matures around River]) 110 mm. It inhabits lakes and the lowermost part Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski, 1889a: of River Khovd. It spawns in May-June. It feeds Accounts 61, pl. 2 fig. 2 (type locality: Mongolia: on phytoplankton, plants (especially Chara) and Dsapchyn River [Zavkhan River]) invertebrates. Remarks on biology and systematics. I tentatively e figures of O. pewzowi, O. p. longicaudus and identify as O. dsapchynensis material from Lake O. p. altus in Herzenstein (1889: pl 1) show fishes Airag that I examined in Museum für Naturkunde with relatively large eye, flushed with dorsal profile in Berlin (ZMB). Diagnostic features include the of head, relatively slender caudal peduncle, and narrow head with long snout, a relatively large slightly falcate dorsal fin. But the branched dorsal eye flushed with the dorsal profile of the head, rays seem `normally' shaped, with membranes frontal with a well marked shelf above orbit, the between them. Bogutskaya (2001: 32, 33) already simple dorsal-fin rays very long, rigid almost to discussed their head shape and other details and tip, segmented only close to tip, branched rays commented that some of them might be hybrid 1­2 rigid, not separated by membranes or only by between O. potanini and O. angusticephalus. narrow membranes, and slender caudal peduncle Apparently, the material of the sharp-snout `form' longer than head. e narrow head, the large available to her was not enough to suggest the eye, the shelf, the length of the caudal peduncle, hypothesis that they represent a distinct species. I the structure of the last simple ray are visible in tentatively include these 3 nominal species in the the figure of the holotype of O. dsapchynensis in synonymy of O. dsapchynensis. Warpachowski (1889a: pl. 2) or described by Bogutskaya (2001: 29). e shape of the anterior Distribution. Endemic to Mongolia, presently branched dorsal-fin rays is not very distinct in my known only from Lake Airag and Zavkhan River. copy of Warpachowski's plate, but the membranes e sharp-snout `form' is found only in Lakes seem narrower than in the figures of the other Khar-Us, Khar, Nogoon. species. I tentatively conclude that the holotype of O. dsapchynensis is conspecific with this ZMB Oreoleuciscus humilis material. Oreoleuciscus humilis Warpachowski, 1889a: 50, Oreoleuciscus sp. `sharp snout' or `long nose' pl. 2 fig. 3 (type locality: Mongolia: Ulaangom figured by Sokolov (1983: 151) and Golubtsov et [in basin of Lake Uvs]) al. (1999: 891) has a uniquely shaped head among Oreoleuciscus humilis var. phoxinoides Warpachow- Oreoleuciscus populations and it is very difficult to ski, 1889a: 54, pl. 2 fig. 4 (type locality: 43 e Mongolia: Ulaangom [in basin of Lake Uvs]/ e phenomenon is very interesting and a precise nomenclatur Russia: Tuva: Kosch-Agach) description of the yearly cycles at precise localities and ? Oreoleuciscus pewzowi natio polybranchialis is needed to test this hypothesis and to show that Gundriser, 1962: 250, figs. 1­2 (infrasubspecific, the pattern is exactly the same in the different lakes. name not available; locality: Russia: Tuva: Lake An explicit description of the ontogeny of the two systematics Tere-Khol, south of Erzinskiy District [Uvs basin]) `forms' and of the morphology of the juveniles on ? Oreoleuciscus potanini infraspecies fluviatilis (separately for each lake basin) should confirm Gundriser, 1962: 252, fig. 3 (type locality: that the juveniles of the two `forms' cannot be Russia: Tuva: Erzin River (tributary of Tess- distinguished. comments Khem) at Erzin, also Naryn and Tess-Khem with rivers [Lake Uvs basin]) Although the species is not present in the Great Lakes Basin according to Bogutskaya (2001), I Remarks on biology and systematics. Two `eco- ongolia have examined specimens from Lake Airag (ZMB M morphological forms' are recognized in O. humilis, 24046, 29051) that agree with O. humilis in in dwarf `form' and lake `form' (Sokolov, 1983: 148, having flexible simple dorsal rays and 7½ branched occur 1985: 88; summarized by Bogutskaya, 2001: dorsal-fin rays. to 21). e dwarf `form' occurs in shallow lakes and wn their tributaries. It reaches a maximum length of Distribution. In Mongolia: basin of Lake Uvs (e.g., kno 210 mm SL, matures at about 70 mm, and feeds Tes River, Lake Sangiin Dalai); lakes and rivers of shesfi mainly on invertebrates. e lake `form' inhabits Gobi Lakes Valley (Lakes Taatsyn Tsagaan, Boon only lakes. It reaches up to 550 mm SL, matures the Tsagaan and Orog, Baydrag and Ongiin rivers); a of at about 200 mm SL; by about 200 mm SL, it few isolated populations in Selenge drainage (e.g. becomes piscivorous. Both `forms' spawn in river Lake Ust). Outside Mongolia: basin of Lake Uvs; deltas and in flood plains during floods, in June- upper Chuya River near Kosch-Agach, Tuva (Ob check-list August, but the dwarf `form' slightly earlier than drainage), but this last locality needs confirmation the lake `form'. by fresh material. ongolia--A In the lakes of the Gobi Lakes Valley, which may M dry out periodically, the two `forms' disappear Oreoleuciscus potanini of from the lakes and only the dwarf `form' survives ishesF Chondrostoma Potanini Kessler, 1879: 306 in the rivers from which it would re-invade the (type locality: Mongolia: "Quellzuflussen des lakes once they are filled again, and re-develop Daingol" [source tributaries of Daingol Nuur = the two `forms' (Dgebuadze, 1995). e actual LakeDayan,48°23'00"N88°50'00"E];repeated data supporting this hypothesis have apparently in Kessler, 1880: 267) not been published, and a number of questions Leuciscus latifrons Herzenstein, 1883: 244 remain unanswered, at least to the reader. (nomen nudum; locality: Mongolia: Ulaangom Especially, it would be very useful to have a [erroneous, Bogutskaya, 2001: 33]) detailed list of the observation sites, the dates at Oreoleuciscus Potanini var. recurviceps Warpachow- which observations have been made at each site, ski, 1889a: 38, pl. 3 fig. 2 (type locality: and the details of the observations. e list of Mongolia: probably Naryn River in upper localities and dates on p. 239 suggests the above Kungui system [Khüngiy] [Bogutskaya, 2001: scenario is based on isolated visits at the different 23]) lakes and rivers and that they were not all visited Oreoleuciscus similis Warpachowski, 1889a: 57, the same year (e.g., Lake Bon Tsagaan: summer pl. 2 fig. 1 (type locality: Mongolia: Dsapchyn time of wet period of 1975, 1982 and 1983, River [Zavkhan River]) summer time of dry period of 1986 and 1988; Oreoleuciscus Herzensteini Warpachowski, 1889a: and its tributary Baidrag River: summer time 65, pl. 1 fig. 1 (type locality: Mongolia: upper of wet period of 1975, 1979, 1980 and 1982, Kungui River [Khüngiy River]) summer time of dry period of 1988). 44 Mongolia Oreoleuciscus gracilis Warpachowski, 1889a: 68, 26 figs. 2­3; type locality: Russia: Siberia: pl. 1 fig. 4 (type locality: Mongolia: Ulaangom Catharinopolis) from [erroneous, Bogutskaya, 2001: 33]) ? Cyprinus Galian Gmelin, 1789: 1421 (based on ? Oreoleuciscus choerocephalus Warpachowski, Lepechin, 1771a: 491, pl. 26 figs. 2­3; 1772: 1889a: 72, pl. 3 fig. 4 (type locality: Mongolia: pl. 9 figs. 4­5; type locality: Russia: Siberia: Lake Airik Nor [Lake Airag]; misspelled once Catharinopolis) hoerocephalus in caption to pl. 3) Recorded Oreoleuciscus ignatowi Nikolski, 1903: 188 (type Remarks on systematics. A number of species locality: Russia: Tuva: Lake Tschoëbok-kul earlier placed in Phoxinus are now in the genera [Tscheibok-kol or Choebak-kol, Baschkaus Rhynchocypris and Eupallasella, partly following drainage], Altai Range) Howes (1985). Species Oreoleuciscus warpachowskii Dulmaa, 1999: 213 of (nomen nudum) e species P. phoxinus has traditionally been considered as extending throughout Europe and Remarks on biology and systematics. Biology northern Eurasia, reaching eastwards to Anadyr is described by Sokolov (1983: 148, 1985: 112) and Korea (Berg, 1949; Kottelat, 1997), but recent and summarized by Bogutskaya (2001: 33). is studies have shown that the European populations Accounts species inhabits lakes and stretches of rivers with in fact represent several species (Kottelat, slow currents. It feeds mostly on aquatic vegetation unpublished).AdetailedstudyofAsianpopulations and invertebrates, but larger individuals also eat is missing. My examination of material of P. fishes. Maximum known size about 500 mm SL. "phoxinus" from the Selenge and Kherlen drainages Mature around 180 mm SL, but much smaller in shows that they are immediately distinguished some populations. ey spawn in May-August, in from the various European species known to me by rivers and along lake shores. a more slender caudal peduncle and also by general appearance. ese two populations also differ from e name Oreoleuciscus warpachowskii is cited by each other, suggesting that they are distinct species. Dulmaa (1999: 213) but to my knowledge this But, considering that Phoxinus are possibly the name does not exist. It is a nomen nudum in this most common fish in Mongolia, present in most paper. It is probably an error from the use of the water bodies, and with a wide, continuous range in generic name Oreoleuciscus and the name of its northern Asia, it is impossible to reach conclusions nomenclatural author Warpachowski. on their distinctness or conspecificity without Bogutskaya (2001) includes the sharp-snouted examining and comparing material from many `form' in her O. potanini. I consider that it is a more localities in the same drainages. Meanwhile distinct species, O. dsapchynensis. they can only be treated as conspecific. Distribution. In Mongolia: lakes and rivers of ese populations are not conspecific with the the Great Lakes Basin and Khovd and Zavkhan EuropeanspecieswhichisnowcalledP.phoxinusbut drainages (Lakes Khar, Khar-Us, Nogoon, Dorgon, their actual name is not clear. A number of nominal Airag, Kyar-gas, Telten, Bayan, Hoton, Horgon, species now treated as synonyms of P. phoxinus have Horomdog, Dayan; Rivers Khovd, Zavkhan, been described from Asia and the identity of each Khüngiy). Outside Mongolia: upper reaches of has to be investigated. e earliest name proposed Chuya (near Kosch-Agach) and Chulyshman, two for Siberian Phoxinus outside Altai are Cyprinus tributaries of Ob River in Tuva. isetensis (and its objective synonym C. galian), described using material from Ekaterinenburg. Without material I cannot comment on whether Phoxinus cf. phoxinus it is distinct from P. phoxinus or not, or from the ? Cyprinus isetensis Georgi, 1775b: 621 (available Selenge and Kherlen populations. I therefore retain by indication to Lepechin, 1771a: 491, pl. all as P. cf. phoxinus. 45 e e Altai populations are discussed under P. 157) and Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 86) nomenclatur ujmonensis. I have not researched the status of record P. phoxinus from the Bulgan, a tributary of and the Balkash population for which the name P. the Ertix. I have not seen material from the Bulgan laevis balchaschanus would be available; it is not in Mongolia, but I have examined in the Institute unreasonable to expect that it would be distinct. of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, systematics Dulmaa (1973: 64, table) lists the presence of the material from the Ulungur (the name of the Bulgan on genus Phoxinus in the Great Lakes depression. in China) at Ertai, about 80 km downstream of Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 87) explicitly state the Mongolia-China border, which I assume are that there is no Phoxinus in that basin. conspecific with those of the Mongolian stretch. comments with Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge, Onon, and I compared the Bulgan material side by side Kherlen drainages, lakes of Darkhad depression. with material from the Selenge drainage (Alag ongolia Outside Mongolia: exact range and number of Tsar). Although time was not sufficient to make M species not clear, see discussion above. in comparison on a large number of characters on manyspecimens,strikingdifferenceswereobserved. occur Phoxinus ujmonensis ey differ in having a deeper body (20.4­25.8 to % SL in the Ertix material, vs. 16.4­20.2 in the wn ? Cyprinus rivularis Pallas, 1773: 717 (type Selenge material), deeper caudal peduncle (9.1­ kno locality: Russia: Siberia: small streams in the Altai range [p. 616: Zmeinogorsk (51°11'N 10.8 % SL, 2.5­2.8 times in its length, vs. 7.2­8.5 shesfi 82°14'E), basin of Alei River]) and 3.2­3.6, respectively), possibly less developed the Phoxinus laevis ujmonensis Kashchenko, 1899: sexual dimorphism, and may have a different of 144 (type locality: Russia: Altai: River Katun at colour pattern in life. I consider that they are Nizhnii Uimon, Ob drainage) different species. check-list Phoxinus laevis mikrosquamatus Kashchenko, 1899: 145 (type locality: Russia: Altai: Lake It is presently impossible to know how many of Karalachinskoie in Argut drainage [a tributary the five nominal species described from the Altai are valid, and which will be the valid name for ongolia--A of Katun River]) M Phoxinus saposchnikowi Kashchenko, 1899: 146 the Bulgan species. In order to avoid creating of (type locality: Russia: Altai: lake on plateau of greater confusion I follow current usage and retain ishesF Ukëk, source of River Kalguty, in Argut drainage P. ujmonensis. Phoxinus laevis mikrosquamatus [a tributary of Katun Argut River]) and P. saposchnikowi are presently considered as Phoxinus czekanowskii sedelnikowi Berg, 1908: simultaneous junior subjective synonyms of P. 226 (type locality: Kazakhstan: Lake Saissan ujmonensis,andprecedenceisgivento P. ujmonensis. [Zaisan], upper Irtysh basin, Karasuat-Busen) Cyprinus rivularis is a potential senior synonym, but this can be clarified only when fresh material Remarks on systematics. A number of nominal from the type locality and additional samples from species of Phoxinus have been described from the the upper Irtysh become available. Altai region (upper Irtysh and upper Ob drainages). Until recently, they have been considered as It also remains to be checked whether the Ertix synonyms of P. phoxinus. See under P. cf. phoxinus material is conspecific with the material from Altai for discussion. (Ob drainage). e figure of the lectotype in Berg (1949: 592, fig. 349) shows a fish with a more Two populations of Phoxinus are known from slender body (body depth 16 % SL; depth of caudal China. Chinese authors (e.g. Luo, in Chen, 1998: peduncle 10 % SL, 2.8 times in its length). 76, 478) use the name P. phoxinus for the Amur population (P. cf. phoxinus above) and the name Distribution. In Mongolia: Bulgan drainage. P. ujmonensis for the population of the Ertix (the Outside Mongolia: upper Irtysh and upper Ob name of the upper Irtysh in China). Sokolov (1983: drainages in China, Kazakhstan and Russia. 46 Mongolia Pseudaspius leptocephalus Remarks on systematics. Rhodeus amarus has long been considered a subspecies of the East Asian R. Cyprinus leptocephalus Pallas, 1776a: 207 (nomen from sericeus (e.g., Holcik & Duyvené de Wit, 1964; nudum), 703 (type locality: Russia: "stony and Arai & Akai, 1988: 211). e two species are fast flowing streams draining to the eastern broadly disjunct, R. amarus occurring (roughly) Ocean" [Onon River, p. 207]) in central and eastern Europe and northern Asia Minor, and R. sericeus in the Amur basin and Recorded Distribution. In Mongolia: in Rivers Onon, Sakhalin Island. ey are treated here as distinct Kherlen and Khalkhiin; Lake Buir (rare). Outside species because they are distinct lineages separated Mongolia: Amur drainage, Sakhalin Island. for an estimated 2 to 4 million years (Holcik & Jedlicka, 1994: 160) by about 4000 km and they Species Pseudorasbora parva are diagnosable (Kottelat, 1997: 75). of Leuciscus parvus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 215, 216, pl. 102 fig. 3 (type locality: Japan: Distribution. In Mongolia: in Lake Buir and in Nagasaki) Rivers Kherlen, Onon, Khalkh and Orshuun. Leuciscus pusillusTemminck&Schlegel,1846:216, Outside Mongolia: from Amur drainage to pl. 102 fig. 4 (type locality: Japan: Nagasaki) southern China, Sakhalin Island. Accounts Fundulus virescens Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: 225, pl. 102 fig. 6 (type locality: Japan: Rhynchocypris Nagasaki) Rhynchocypris Günther, 1889: 225 (type species: Micraspius mianowskii Dybowski, 1869: 954 Rhynchocypris variegata Günther, 1889: 225, by (type locality: Russia: Onon and Ingoda basins monotypy). Gender feminine. [numerous localities listed]) Lagowskiella Dybowski, 1916: 101, 106 (as Pseudorasbora altipinna Nichols, 1925c: 5 (type subgenus of Phoxinus Rafinesque, 1820b: 236; locality: China: Sichuan: Yen-ching-kao) type species: Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski, Pseudorasbora fowleri Nichols, 1925c: 5 (available 1869: 953, by original designation; subjective by indication to Aphyocypris chinensis of Fowler, simultaneous synonym of Czekanowskiella 1924c: 383, fig. 1; type locality: China: Anhwei: Dybowski, 1916: 102, 109; first reviser Ningkwo [Suancheng]) [apparently Howes, 1985: 63] gave precedence Pseudorasbora depressirostris Nichols, 1925c: 5 (type to Lagowskiella). Gender feminine. locality: China: Shansi: Chin-ssu) Czekanowskiella Dybowski, 1916: 102, 109 (as Pseudorasbora monstrosa Nichols, 1925c: 6 (type subgenus of Phoxinus Rafinesque, 1820b: 236; locality: China: Fukien: near Yenping) type species: Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski, Pseudorasbora parva parvula Nichols, 1929: 8, fig. 1869: 953, by original designation; subjective 5 (type locality: China: Shantung: Tsinan) simultaneous synonym of Lagowskiella Pseudorasbora parva tenuis Nichols, 1929: 10, fig. 6 Dybowski, 1916: 101, 106; first reviser (type locality: China: Shantung: Tsinan) [apparently Howe, 1985: 63] gave precedence to Lagowskiella). Gender feminine. Distribution. In Mongolia: in Rivers Onon, Moroco Jordan & Hubbs, 1925: 180 (type species: Kherlen, Ulz, Khalkh, and Orshuun and in Lake Pseudaspius bergi Jordan & Metz, 1913: 22 by Buir. Outside Mongolia: from Amur drainage to original designation). Gender masculine. northern Vietnam; Japan; Taiwan; Hainan. Rhynchocypris czekanowskii Rhodeus sericeus Phoxinus Czekanowskii Dybowski, 1869: 953 Cyprinus sericeus Pallas, 1776a: 208 (nomen (type locality: Russia: Onon and Ingoda rivers, nudum), 704 (type locality: Russia: Dauria Amur drainage [Ila Bukdurga on Table; lakes [Onon River; p. 208]) 47 e in valley of Ili River; Berg, 1949: 579]; spelled the first problem is to know how many species are nomenclatur crebanowskii in Table, an obvious inadvertent present, and only then to decide about their and error [also corrected in Dybowski, 1872: 222]) names. Phoxinus Strauchi Warpachowski, 1887a: 534 (type locality: Russia & Kazakhstan: tributaries Rhynchocypris czekanowskii was originally described systematics of Irtysh River [near Tyumen; Berg, 1949: 579]; from the Onon drainage. Material from Kherlen on also in Warpachowski, 1887b: 687) River (Amur drainage) is figured by Travers (1989: Phoxinus sublaevis Warpachowski 1887a: 535 (type 196). locality: Russia: tributaries of Lena River [Vilyui comments River; Berg, 1949: 579]; also in Warpachowski, Distribution. In Mongolia: Rivers Tuul, Onon with 1887b: 689) and Kherlen, and Lake Buir. For Mongolia, this Phoxinus czekanowskii ignatowi Berg, 1907a: 209 is the first record of the species outside the Amur ongolia (type locality: Kazakhstan: mouth of Seletny drainage. Outside Mongolia: Arctic Ocean basins, M River into Lake Seletytengiz [Berg, 1949: 581]) from Kara to Kolyma; Amur drainage in Russia in Phoxinus czekanowskii czerskii Berg, 1912: 225, pl. and China. occur 1 figs. 6, 6a (type locality: Russia: Lake Khanka to basin) Rhynchocypris lagowskii wn Phoxinus czekanowskii suifunensis Berg, 1932: kno Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski, 1869: 952, pl. 15 361 (type locality: Russia: Suifun and Kangauz fig. 4 (type locality: Russia: Onon and Ingoda shesfi [rivers near Vladivostok]) rivers, Amur River drainage) the of Remarks on systematics. Species of Rhynchocypris Remarks on systematics. ere is apparently were earlier placed in Phoxinus. Phoxinus is quite a some confusion as to the identity of L. lagowskii heterogeneous assemblage and a number of authors check-list and some species of Rhynchocypris. have tried to recognize and name a number of lineages(generaorsubgenera)withinthegenus(e.g., especiesidentifiedandfiguredasR.steindachneri Dybowski, 1916; Gasowska, 1979; Howes, 1985). ongolia--A in Travers (1989: 197) is apparently a large adult of M I partly follow Howes, but I treat Rhynchocypris and R. lagowskii. It has the general body shape figured of Lagowskiella as synonyms. is is apparently also by Dybowski (1969: pl. 15) for the types of L. the conclusion reached by Bogutskaya & Naseka ishesF lagowskii,exceptforthefleshyrostralprocess,which (2004: 92), except that they retain Rhynchocypris Howes use as an autapomorphy of Rhynchocypris. and Eupallasella as subgenera of Phoxinus. A recent But Dybowski already reported "nose protruding, molecular study suggests that Eupallasella should swollen during spawning season". e photograph be included in Rhynchocypris (Sakai et al., 2006). in Travers (1989) also agrees with other published As long as the interrelationships of the three genera figures of L. lagowskii, e.g. in Luo (in Chen, 1998: are not established, I do not see reason to consider 85; Howes, 1985: 65, fig. 5d) and with the keys them congeneric and I see no reason to retain in Chen (1988), Shedko (2001: 233). Further, R. the subgenus classification which implies close steindachneri is a species native to Japan and Korea relationships between the different subgenera. and never reported north of Tumen River (Kim, 1997: 280; Fujita et al., 2005). e identity of a number of species placed in Rhynchocypris is obscure. e small size of most species and their non-descript colour pattern Travers (1989: 198) also recorded R. costata from possibly explains a number of problems and Mongolia. He does not provide information on confusions. Without abundant material of a these specimens, merely stating the characters number of species from a number of localities distinguishing them from R. steindachneri in throughout their ranges it is probably impossible Howes (1985). He comments that the vertebrae to elucidate their taxonomy. In Mongolian waters, numbers distinguish the two species that Howes 48 Mongolia identified under that name, but it is not clear Rutilus rutilus lacustris natio menschikowi Kirillov, whether this character had been checked on the 1962: 40 (not available because infrasubspecific; from Mongolian specimens. locality: Russia: Yakutia: Vilyui River drainage) Rhynchocypriscostatawasearliertreatedasasynonym Remarksonsystematics. eSiberianpopulations of R. oxycephalus. Howes recorded 36 vertebrae in of Rutilus rutilus have been considered as a distinct his R. oxycephalus, 37­38 in his R. steindachneri subspecies R. r. lacustris (e.g., by Berg, 1949: 499; Recorded and 42­44 in his R. costata, which clearly indicates Sokolov, 1983: 140; Luo, in Chen, 1998: 89) that he examined at least two different species. or species Rutilus lacustris (e.g., by Baasanjav & Luo (in Chen, 1998) records 40­42 vertebrae in Tsendayush, 2001: 66). Bogutskaya & Naseka R. lagowskii; this is the highest vertebrae number (2004: 88) consider R. lacustris as a junior Species he records for all Chinese Rhynchocypris. Howes synonym of R. rutilus. Reshetnikov et al. (1997: of also recorded 40­44 vertebrae in his R. lagowskii. 705; 2002: 319) do not mention the name but the A number of Travers' R. costata were collected maps shows its distribution included in that of R. together with his R. steindachneri and I suspect rutilus. e characters used by Berg to distinguish that they too are R. lagowskii. is can only be his subspecies R. r. rutilus and R. r. lacustris are confirmed by examination of the specimens. minor and show much overlap, and do not justify Accounts recognizing them as distinct taxa. Holcik & Skorepa (1971) and Ruban & Libosvarsky (1987) e type locality of R. costata is Duolun did not find differences. For the time being there [42°11'09"N, 116°28'39"E], Inner Mongolia, is thus no reason to retain R. r. lacustris as distinct. Luan He drainage [draining to the Gulf of Bohai, Yellow Sea]. e species (or probably its valid Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge drainage; senior synonym R. oxycephalus) is not expected to might be present in Bulgan River as it is recorded be present in Mongolia. For the time being, there is further downriver in China. Outside Mongolia: no reason to list it as part of the Mongolian fauna. from Europe north of Pyrenees and Alps, eastward to Lena drainage, Aral Sea basin. Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon and Kherlen drainages, Lake Buir; Selenge drainage: Kharuukhiin stream (Khara Bukhin, a left-hand Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi tributary of Tuul River) (Hensel & Dashdorj, Chilogobio soldatovi Berg, 1914: 492, figs. 76­77 1978, cited by Sokolov, 1983) and Tuul (Holcik (type locality: Russia: Lower Amur, Lake Tschlja & Pivnicka, 1969: 6). Outside Mongolia: upper /Amur, downriver of Tscheptschiki/Amur, 10 Lena and Amur drainages, in Russia and China. versts [earlier Russian unit of length equivalent to 1.07 km] upriver of Chabarowsk/Amur, 6 Rutilus rutilus versts downstream of Chabarows /Amur, mouth of Maginskaja Protoka/Ussuri, at confluence Synonymy includes only nominal species whose with Buldsin/River Kamenuschka upstream of type locality is in Asia Scheremetewa, Ussuri system) Cyprinus Rutilus Linnaeus, 1758: 324 (based on Linnaeus [1746: 124, n. 329, Cyprinus ... radiis Remarks on systematics. is species appears 12], Artedi [1738: gen. 3 [10], syn. 10, spec. 10 as Chilogobio czerskii in Sokolov (1983: 176) [3], Cyprinus iride pinnis ...], Gronovius [1754: and as Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnus czerckii 2, n. 8, idem; 1746: 74, n. 51, idem, n. 52, [sic] in Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 99). Cyprinus Rex van Ruy: Waverveen, Belgium]; Sarcocheilichthys czerskii is treated as a subspecies type locality: "in Europae lacubus") of S. nigripinnis by Banarescu & Nalbant (1973: Cyprinus lacustris Pallas, 1814: 314 (type locality: 46) and as a valid species by Naseka (1996: 156), Russia: Siberia as far as River Lena, Lake Baikal Reshetnikov et al. (1997: 705, 2002: 321), Yue [Berg, 1949: 499]) 49 e (in Chen, 1998: 279) and Bogutskaya & Naseka into chankaensis, Code art. 32.5.2.1) nomenclatur (2004: 71). Naseka (1996: 155), Bogutskaya & Gobio ussuriensis Berg, 1914: 473, figs. 70­71 and Naseka (2004: 71) and Reshetnikov (1997: 705, (type locality: Russia: Lower Amur drainage, 2002: 325) recognize S. soldatovi as a distinct River Ussuri at mouth of River Bira) species whose range largely overlaps that of S. Gobio ussuriensis morpha brevicirris Berg, 1914, systematics czerskii, except that only S. czerskii is present in 476, fig. 70 (infrasubspecific, not available; on Mongolia (Reshetnikov et al., 2002: 321). Berg locality: Russia: Ussuri drainage, River Viti) (1914, 1949: 661) distinguished the two species Gobio ussuriensis morpha longicirris Berg, 1914, by body shape and mouth position, subterminal 476, fig. 71 (infrasubspecific, not available; comments in S. czerskii and inferior in S. soldatovi. In 1949 locality: Russia: Ussuri drainage, River Viti) with (p. 663) he recorded the presence of S. soldatovi in Lake Buir. e single specimen I examined from Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir. Outside ongolia Lake Buir clearly has an inferior mouth, and a Mongolia: Amur drainage in Russia and China. M relatively slender body as illustrated by Berg; it is in S. soldatovi. e description and figure in Sokolov Tinca tinca occur (1983: 177) are from Nikolski (1956). to Synonymy includes only names based on material wn from European localities; thus only original Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir. Outside kno description listed here: Mongolia: from Amur to Liaoning drainages (not Cyprinus Tinca Linnaeus, 1758: 321 (based on shesfi in central and southern Korea). Artedi [1738: gen. 4 [27], syn. 5, spec. 27 [4], the Cyprinus mucosus ...] and Linnaeus [1746: of Saurogobio dabryi 122, n. 321, Cyprinus ... ossiculorum 11]; type Saurogobio Dabryi Bleeker, 1871: 27, pl. 5 fig. 1 locality: "in Europae stagnis, lacubus") (type locality: China: ? Yangtze River) check-list Gobiosoma amurensis Dybowski, 1872: 211 (type Distribution. In Mongolia: Bulgan River. Outside locality: Russia: Amur River drainage) Mongolia: native in most of Europe, naturally Pseudogobio productus Peters, 1881: 1035, pl. fig. 6 ongolia--A absent only in Ireland, Scandinavia north of M (type locality: Hong Kong) 61°30'N, eastern Adriatic basin and western and of Pseudogobio drakei Abbott, 1901: 486, fig. southern Greece where it is now introduced. In ishesF (type locality: China: Hebei Prov.: Tien-Tsin Asia, native eastward to western Yenisei drainage [Tianjin]: Pei-ho River) south of 60°N. Longurio athymius Jordan & Starks, 1905: 197, fig. 3 (type locality: Korea: Chemulpo) ? Saurogobio longirostris Wu & Wang, 1931: 229, Family Nemacheilidae fig. 4 (type locality: China: Szechwan) ? Saurogobio dabryi chenghaiensis Dai & Yang, (stone loaches) 2002: 307, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yunnan: Lake Chenghai, 26°27'-26°38'N 100°38'- Members of the family Nemacheilidae were 100°49'E) earlier placed in the family Cobitidae and more recently in the family Balitoridae (or its synonym Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir. Outside Homalopteridae; Kottelat, 1988). ey are Mongolia: from Amur to Xi Jiang [Pearl River] now considered as a distinct family on the basis drainages; Korea. of molecular studies. Many species have been placed in the genus Nemacheilus (also misspelled Squalidus chankaensis Noemacheilus,Nemachilus,etc.)butrealNemacheilus species live only in Southeast Asia. Several species Squalidus chankaënsis Dybowski, 1872: 215 from Europe and northern Asia have been called (type locality: Russia: Lake Chanka [Khanka]; Orthrias, but this name is not valid; the correct original spelling chankaënsis must be emended 50 Mongolia genus name for these fishes is Barbatula. Some Khol [50.35°N 89.83°E] and Ak-Khol Khol authors still use Orthrias but their argument for [50.25°N 89.6°E] and River Mogen-Buren, from using the name contradicts the International Code basin of River Kobdo [Khovd in Mongolia]) of Zoological Nomenclature. ? Barbatula barbatula morpha tigris Gundriser, 1975 (infrasubspecific, name not available) I have examined material of Barbatula from a from Prokofiev, 2003: 695 number of localities in the Amur and Selenge ? Orthrias golubtsovi Prokofiev, 2003: 698, fig. 1 Recorded drainages and from the Gobi Lakes Valley. (type locality: Russia: Tuva: Chedi-Tei River, is material suggests that there are a number outflow of Ak-Khol Lake, Mogen-Buren of unnamed species in Mongolia, most with drainage part of Kobdo drainage, about 60 km restricted distribution ranges. In several cases two west of Mugur-Aksy) Species species may occur in sympatry. As a revision of of the Central Asian species of the genus Barbatula Remarks on systematics. e species reported as is supposed to be published soon by others, there NoemacheilusbarbatulusbyBaasanjav&Tsendayush is no point entering into a detailed discussion of (2001: 124), as Barbatula toni by Reshetnikov these species at this point. I include in the list below et al. (1997: 707; 2002: 356 [but figure shows a two unnamed species present in the Mongolian Triplophysa]), and as Nemachilus barbatulus toni Accounts material I examined. by Sokolov (1983: 207) probably include all the species of Barbatula recognized here. Another genus present in Mongolia is Triplophysa. Nemachilus compressirostris was the first species of e genus is distributed throughout Central Barbatula recorded from western Mongolia. It was Asia, and is very diverse, most species inhabiting originally based on two specimens from "lakes in a relatively small range. As for Barbatula, northwestern Mongolia" (Warpachowski, 1887). examination of various materials from Mongolia Warpachowski also commented that the species and northern China shows that there are a greater came from the same lakes as Oreoleuciscus potanini. number of species than reported in the literature. ese specimens were obtained for the Nizhniy Definitive identification or formal description Novgorod Fisheries Exhibition in 1896. e of the unnamed species is not possible without species is now considered to be a synonym of B. more extensive sampling, and without material toni (e.g.,Vasil'eva, in Reshetnikov et al., 1998: 95); of the numerous species described from adjacent its identity is not discussed by Prokofiev (2003). areas for comparison. I include in the list below Sokolov (1983: 209) reported the presence of B. an unnamed species present in the Mongolian toni in the Khovd drainage in Mongolia, which material I examined. may refer to B. compressirostris, B. cobdonensis or B. golubtsovi, but this can be established only on the Furthermore, the exact limits and species basis of specimens. Also, it cannot be excluded that composition of Barbatula and Triplophysa are not B. cobdonensis or B. golubtsovi are synonyms of B. clear. Triplophysa obviously is a heterogeneous compressirostris. assemblage and some species of Triplophysa seem to have more affinities with Barbatula than with I have examined the syntypes of B. compressirostris other Triplophysa. (ZISP 11298). ey seem to have been partly dried atsometime,whichisalreadysuggestedbythefigure Barbatula compressirostris in Warpachowski (1897: pl. 11 fig. 1). e head and snout shape figured by Warpachowski (1897: Nemachilus compressirostris Warpachowski, 1897: pl. 11 fig. 1) is identical to that of the holotype of 270, pls. 11 figs. 1­3 (type locality: lakes in N. B. golubtsovi figured by Prokofiev (2003: fig. 1). W. Mongolia) is is certainly not enough to conclude that B. ? Nemachilus cobdonensis Gundriser, 1973: 77 golubtsovi is a synonym of B. compressirostris but (type locality: Russia: Tuva: Lakes Khintiktig- this hypothesis should be investigated. 51 e Barbatula golubtsovi is presently known only from case of real ambiguity, the designation of a neotype nomenclatur Lake Ak-Khol and its outflow Chedi-Tei River would have immediately and definitively cleared and in Mogen-Buren drainage, part of the Kobdo the problem. [Khovd] drainage, about 60 km west of Mugur- Aksy (Russia: Tuva). It is diagnosed (among other Barbatula cobdonensis has not yet been formally systematics characters) by the presence of numerous skin reported in Mongolia. I have examined on projections on the whole body. e skin of the photographs of a Barbatula species from Khovd syntypes of B. compressirostris is smooth but the River (Erdenebat M., pers. comm.) which is specimens have not been preserved in an optimal possibly this species, based on the appearance and comments way and the skin has been abraded so that no patterning more similar to that of B. cobdonensis with conclusion can be reached. e other diagnostic on the figure in Gundriser (1979c) than that of O. characters listed by Prokofiev (2003: 698) can be golubtsovi on the figure in Prokofiev (2003). is ongolia checked only on the skeleton. should be confirmed by examination of specimens. M Considering the geographic isolation of the Khovd in Sokolov (1983: 209) reports 44­47 vertebrae in population and the endemicity pattern observed occur material of their B. `toni' from the Khongor-Ulen in the genus in adjacent areas (each basin or to River [upper Khovd drainage in Bayan-Ulgii aimag] sub-basin inhabited by one or more endemics, a wn and Prokofiev (2003: 700) comments that this pattern further observed in most Nemacheilidae), kno agrees with the counts in B. golubtsovi (45­47). I hypothesise that B. compressirostris and/or B. shesfi cobdonensisarespecificallydistinctfromtopotypical the Barbatula cobdonensis was described from Lakes material of B. toni (see below). of Ak-Khol (50.25°N 89.6°E) and Khindiktig-Khol (50.35°N 89.83°E) in Tuva Republic, Russia. In fact it is expected that two species of Barbatula ese lakes are connected to the River Mogen- are present in the Mongolian part of the Khovd check-list Buren and are located about 40 km upstream of drainage. the Mongolia-Russia border. e Mogen-Buren becomes Bökhmörön in Mongolia and enters Lake I have observed `tubercles' similar to those ongolia--A M Achit. described by Prokofiev in B. golubtsovi in B. of sturanyi from Lake Ohrid (Europe) and a number Prokofiev (2003: 700) comments that the original of species in Mongolia and China. Several samples ishesF description of B. cobdonensis by Gundriser (1973: include specimens with and without `tubercles'. 77) is apparently based on two species, which he ey are also present in some Mongolian species identifies as B. toni and B. golubtsovi, which he had of Triplophysa. also identified in the material he examined from Khovd drainage inTuva. He described B. golubtsovi, Distribution. In Mongolia: Khovd River drainage. distinguished by the presence of `coarse tubercles'. Outside Mongolia: probably Cobdo [Khovd] River He further comments that the identification of B. drainage in Tuva Republic, Russia. cobdonensis remains uncertain and that it cannot be excluded that a third species is present in Barbatula dgebuadzei Khovd drainage. He concludes in deciding that B. cobdonensis is a `nomen nudum'. Judging from all Orthrias dgebuadzei Prokofiev, 2003: 700, fig. 2 the data he mentions from Gundriser's description, (type locality: Mongolia: Zag River, basin of the name is not a nomen nudum. At best it could Baidrag River) be a nomen dubium, but after examining material from the area where the nominal species was Remarks on systematics. Barbatula dgebuadzei collected and reaching his conclusions, there is is endemic to Mongolia. It is formally recorded absolutely no point in leaving the case as a nomen (on the basis of identified specimens) from Zag dubium. In the absence of type material and in River (Prokofiev, 2003) and Tuy River (pers. obs., 52 Mongolia based on far from optimally preserved material). northern Asia, from the Urals to Japan (e.g., Chen, e records of B. toni from other lakes and 1989: 29; Reshetnikov, 2002: 356; Prokofiev, from rivers of the Gobi Lakes Valley (e.g., Dgebuadze, 2003). A number of nominal species are considered 1995) are referred to B. dgebuadzei by Prokofiev. to be synonyms of B. toni. My examination of type Considering the isolation of the basins, I think material or topotypical material of a number of that the populations of the different lakes should them shows that a number of these synonyms in first be compared based on fresh material before fact are valid species of Barbatula and even some Recorded reaching this conclusion. are Triplophysa. Distribution. Endemic to Mongolia. In lakes and Dybowski (1869) originally described B. toni from rivers of the Gobi Lakes Valley. the Rivers Onon and Ingoda (upper Amur drainage) Species and there is thus a reasonable likelihood that at least of the Onon populations in Mongolia will retain the Barbatula toni name. e populations referred to B. toni from the ? Nemacheilus nudus Bleeker, 1865: 12 (type Kherlen and Selenge drainages are tentatively locality: Mongolia [p. 13, but `brought from retained in B. toni but this requires confirmation, China' on p. 14; see below]) especially since several species of Barbatula occur in Accounts Cobitis toni Dybowski, 1869: 957 (type locality: sympatry in at least the Selenge drainage. e Russia: "common in both river systems" [Rivers specimens which I examined and identified as B. Onon and Ingoda, Amur drainage]) toni show great variation in body shape and Nemachilus pechiliensis Fowler, 1899: 181 (type appearance but I have not seen enough samples to locality: China: Pechili Prov. [Nei Mongol]: reach conclusions on the taxonomic significance of Tan Lan Ho, tributary of Shu Lan Ho, about this variability. Prokofiev (2003: 702) figured 30 miles NE of Lama-Miau or Dolon-Nor specimens of B. toni from the Onon which can be [Duolun, Inner Mongolia]) considered topotypical. Orthrias oreas Jordan & Fowler, 1903: 769, fig. 2 (type locality: Japan: Hokkaido: Chitose, in In recent years, Chinese and Korean authors (e.g., Iburi) Zhu, 1989: 29; Wang et al., 2001: 168; Kim, Nemacheilus sibiricus Gratzianow, 1907: 167, 168 1997: 283) have used the name B. nuda for the (type locality: Russia: Altai: Bija [Biya] River B. toni of earlier authors. is is not without near Bijsk [Biysk]) creating a number of problems. e type locality Nemacheilus barbatulus tomianus Ruzskii, 1920: is usually listed as Mongolia. Indeed, Bleeker 36, figs. 1­2 (type locality: Russia: basins of (1864: 13) indicated the type locality as Mongolia, the Rivers Tom', Ob [Katun', Cherga, Ursul which at his time could have meant present day's and Charysch rivers] and Yenisei [Abakan and Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, or some other place in Minusinka rivers]) northern China. But on p. 14, he wrote "described Barbatula toni fowleri Nichols, 1925b: 3 (type from a single specimen and brought from China locality: China: Chihli [Hebei] Prov.: Eastern by the missionary David". is holotype still Tombs) exists (preserved in the collection of the Muséum Nemacheilus barbatulus markakulensis Men'shikov, National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris­MNHN 1939: 141, fig. (type locality: Kazakhstan: Lake 1450, Bertin & Estève, 1948: 98) but I have not Marka-kul, Irtysh drainage) had the opportunity to examine it and to compare Barbatula toni kirinensis Tchang, 1932: 115, fig. 2 it side by side with the Mongolian and Chinese (China: Kirin [Jilin Province]) material. Remarks on systematics. Barbatula toni has Armand David (27 September 1826­10 November been considered as a valid name for a species or 1900; for a biography, see Boutan, 1993) travelled a subspecies whose range extends throughout in `southern Mongolia' in 1866. As Bleeker 53 e described B. nuda in 1864, the specimen must flowing to the Arctic and Pacific Oceans between nomenclatur have been collected earlier. In 1862, David visited the Ob and the Huang He. and the "Siwantze", 25 km NE of Kalgan. In 1863, he explored the mountains bordering the west of Barbatula sp. Tuul the plain of Beijing. In 1864, he travelled in Jehol, systematics north-east of Beijing. Jehol is a former Chinese Remarks on systematics. An unnamed species of on province that included part of today's Hebei, Barbatula reaching at least 140 mm SL. e colour Shanxi and Nei Mongol provinces. is excludes pattern evolves with increasing age and size from present Mongolia as type locality. mottled to irregular blotches with paler middle comments area. Anterior and posterior nostrils conspicuously with I have examined a number of samples identified separate. Caudal fin truncate or with slightly as B. nuda from northern China in the collections concave posterior edge. Dorsal-fin origin behind ongolia of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of pelvic-fin origin. M Sciences, in Beijing. ey turned out to represent in several species of Barbatula and Triplophysa; at Distribution. Presently known only from the occur some localities, two species occur in sympatry. Selenge drainage in Mongolia (Tuul, Yeruu). to Names are available for some of them, but others Expected in Selenge drainage in Russia. wn are apparently still undescribed. Until the holotype kno of B. nuda can be identified with one of these Barbatula sp. Egiin shesfi species, I see no reason to use the name to replace Remarks on systematics. An unnamed species the B. toni. Also, it would first be necessary to compare of Barbatula, with body entirely covered by soft of material from northern China with material from skin projections, with adjacent nostrils, slightly the upper Amur to decide if one (and which one) emarginate caudal fin, dorsal-fin origin above pelvic- of these species is conspecific with B. toni. check-list fin origin, deep body and stout and short caudal peduncle. e largest examined specimen is 45 mm [Prokofiev (2003: 703) comments that the type SL but this is probably not its maximum size. locality of B. toni is possibly China because ZISP ongolia--A M has a specimen received in the 18th century [sic; Distribution. Presently known only from the of that is 1701­1800 ?] from MNHN, identified as Selenge drainage in Mongolia (Egiin River). N. nudus and with locality data "Setschun occid." I ishesF Possibly endemic to Mongolia. assume the material was received in 19th century if it had a name created in 1864. I do not see reason Other Barbatula species recorded in to speculate on the origin of a specimen on the sole Mongolian waters ground that the name on its label is used on another label from the same museum; by that time MNHN Dulmaa (1973: 55) and Sokolov (1983: 209) had already received several collections from China, mention that Barbatula toni is present in the including various nemacheilines (noteworthy are Bulgan River, but do not provide any data which the collections of P. Dabry de iersant; see Dabry would allow to decide of the identity of this de iersant, 1872; Sauvage & Dabry de iersant, population. 1874). is ZISP 4471 specimen was already mentioned by Herzenstein (1888: 21) who gave the Barbatula toni is also reported from the Ertix and locality as "Sse-tschuan occid." [western Sichuan]. Ulungur drainages (Xinjiang) by Anonym (1979: ere is no record of B. nudus from Sichuan in 48, 66, fig. 41). is is apparently the species today's Chinese literature (e.g., Ding, 1994)]. described as B. altayensis by Zhu (1992: 241) from Anyway, David first arrived in Sichuan in 1868]. a tributary of the Ertix at Altay. Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon, Kherlen and A specimen identified as B. nuda [the name used Selenge drainages. Outside Mongolia: all rivers in China for the B. toni of Russian authors, see 54 Mongolia above] from the Ertix in Altay (Xinjiang, China) is species. Molecular data on Japanese and Korean figured in Kimura et al. (1992). It does not seem populations show that additional, unnamed from to be conspecific with B. altayensis and I could not species of Lefua exist (Sakai et al., 2003). e type identify it as a species known to me. locality of L. costata is Lake Dalai Nur in Liaoning (China). ere are several Dalai-Nur (or alternative I have examined the type series of B. altayensis in spellings). Berg (1949: 887) commented that this the Institute of Hydrobiology in Wuhan as well Dalai Nur is located at 43°N. is is apparently Recorded as material which seems to be the species figured the one at 43°18'00"N 116°37'00"E [not to be by Kimura et al. It is likely that one of these two confused with the one called Hu-Lun in Chinese species, or both, is the B. toni recorded from the and adjacent to Lake Buir]. Bulgan by Dulmaa (1973) and Sokolov (1983) Species but without specimens it is impossible to conclude Distribution. In Mongolia: streams Azargiin, of and this is the reason why I do not formally list B. Tamcagiin Bulag, Shine Usnii of Lake Buir basin altayensis in the fauna of Mongolia. (Baasanjav & Tsendayush, 2001: 127). Outside Mongolia: from Amur to Huang He drainages; ZISP 12576 is a sample from "Lake Alik-Nur, Sakhalin Island. Burkhan-Budda, Mongolia" collected in 1900 Accounts by Kozlov and Kaznakov and identified as B. Triplophysa gundriseri compressirostris. Burhan Buubay Uul is a mountain located at about 45°40'N 96°43'E. I cannot find Nemacheilus dorsalis humilis Gundriser, 1962: 253, an Alik-Nur, but there is Alag-Nuur about 150 fig. 4 (type locality: Russia: Tuva Republic: Tes- km west of Burhan Buuday Uul. e map in Khem River, 25 km northwest of Erzin, 50°27'N Przewal'skii (1876) shows Alak-Nor at about 44°N 95°01'E [original type locality: Russia: Tuva: 95°E and a later map (Przewal'skii, 1883) shows Erzin and Tes-Khem rivers]; junior homonym apparently the same lake (but named Alyk-nur) of Nemachilus humilis Lin, 1932: 515) at about 45.5°N 95°E. I am not aware of any fish Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002: S47 collection obtained in this area since 1900. (replacement name for Nemacheilus dorsalis humilis Gundriser, 1962: 253) ? Triplophysa gundriseri chandagaitensis Prokofiev, Lefua costata 2002: S55, fig. 4a (type locality: Russia: Tuva DiplophysacostataKessler,1876:29,pl.3fig.4(type Republic: Chandagaity River in Chandagaity locality: "Mongolia: Lake Dalai-Nor at 43°N" village, 50°44'N 92°08'E) [Berg, 1949: 887], apparently China: Liaoning, Lake Dalai Nur, 43°18'00"N 116°37'00"E) Remarks on systematics. is species was Nemacheilus dixoni Fowler, 1899: 181 (type reported from Tesiin River and Lake Sangiin Dalai locality: China: Pechili Prov. [Nei Mongol]: Tan as Noemacheilus strauchii by Holcik & Pivnicka Lan Ho, tributary of the Shu Lan Ho, about (1969: 12) and from the Tes-Khem [Tesiin] in 30 miles NE of Lama-Miau or Dolon-Nor Russia as Nemacheilus dorsalis humilis by Gundriser [Duolun, Inner Mongolia]) (1962, 1979c) and Prokofiev (2002). Prokofiev Elxis coreanus Jordan & Starks, 1905: 201, fig. 7 also described a subspecies T. g. chandagaitensis (type locality: Korea: Gensan) from the Chandagaity River [Khara-Modo-Gol], Lefua andrewsi Fowler, 1922: 1 (type locality: another tributary of Lake Uvs-Nuur; it is not clear China: Shing Lung Shan, Eastern Tombs) whether they constitute one or two species. Remarks on systematics. Naseka & Bogutskaya Triplophysa strauchii is a species originally (2004) showed that the L. costata of Russian described from Lake Balkash basin [Kazakhstan]. authors (e.g., Berg, 1949: 887; Reshetnikov et Several nominal species have been considered to al., 1997: 707, 2002: 358) contains at least two be synonyms of T. strauchii by Berg (1949: 851): 55 e Nemachilus ruzskyi and N. strauchii reuniens also Triplophysa stolickai [note correct spelling] was nomenclatur from Lake Balkash basin, N. ulacholicus, Diplophysa originally described from Lake Tso Morari, a small and strauchi ulacholica var. pedaschenkoi (a non- endorheic basin in Rupshu (Kashmir), surrounded available infrasubspecific name) and N. strauchi by the Indus River drainage. A number of nominal dorsaloides from Lake Issyk-kul basin, N. strauchi species described since have been considered to be systematics zaisanicus from Lake Zaisan basin. Considering synonyms of T. stolickai. ey have been collected on that these basins are very isolated from each other, in localities extending from the Helmand basin this synonymy need to be re-examined. Species of (Afghanistan), northern Pakistan, upper Amu- the Triplophysa strauchii group have a typical body Darya River (Aral Sea basin), Tarim basin, and comments shape, with a relatively deep body in front of the upper Huang He. at a single species occupied a with anal fin, and a short and shallow caudal peduncle, range extending across all drainages of High Asia, with contrasted dark spots on the body more or with a number of endorheic basins seems highly ongolia less aligned in vertical rows. unlikely. Some of the figures accompanying the M descriptions show very different fishes. in e figure of "Noemacheilus strauchi" in Baasanjav occur & Tsendayush (2001) shows a species similar to T. to strauchii but more slender. It is not known if it is Family Cobitidae wn based on an actual specimen or on a figure from (spiny loaches) kno literature. shesfi Cobitis melanoleuca the Distribution. In Mongolia: Tesiin River and Lake of Sangiin-Nuur. Outside Mongolia: basin of Lake Cobitis taenia melanoleuca Nichols, 1925a: 3 (type Uvs-Nuur in Tuva Republic, Russia. locality: China: Shansi: Chin-ssu) Cobitis taenia granoei Rendahl, 1935: 332, figs. 5­6 check-list Triplophysa sp. Tuul (type locality: Russia: Irtysh River near Omsk) Cobitis taenia sibirica Gladkov, 1935: 73 (type Remarks on systematics. An unnamed species, locality: Russia: Lake Turgoïak, southern Urals) ongolia--A apparently belonging to the genus Triplophysa, with Cobitis granoei olivai Nalbant, Holcik & Pivnicka, M thebodyentirelycoveredbysoftskinprojections,no of 1970: 121 (type locality: Mongolia: Archangaj scales, a complete lateral line, a deeply emarginate Co.: Lake Ögijn-nuur and Narijn River, an ishesF caudal fin, a slender body and caudal peduncle. e upper right tributary of Orkhon River, Selenge largest examined specimen is 67 mm SL but this is drainage) probably not its maximum size. Remarks on systematics. e taxonomy of the Distribution. Mongolia: Tuul River. northern Asian species of Cobitis is not yet clear. e synonymy of C. melanoleuca and C. granoei Other Triplophysa species recorded in follows Nalbant (1993: 108), but a convincing Mongolian waters demonstration is still needed. It is quite astonishing Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 124) report to have a species of Cobitis with such a huge range the presence of "Noemacheilus stoliczkai" in extending from the Black Sea basin to the Amur Lake Sangiin Dalai, Tesiin River, and "maybe in and Huang He drainages. It seems likely that a Bulgan". ere is no way to know to which species pattern of a mosaic of species may be discovered, as they refer. eir figure apparently is based on fig. happened for the European species in recent years 595 in Berg (1949: 865) of a specimen from the (see, e.g., Nalbant, 1993; Kottelat, 1997; Freyhof et distant Chu River in (Kazakhstan). It is puzzling al., 2000). that the recorded distribution is the same as they report for their T. strauchii (except for the "maybe Nalbant et al. (1970) described C. granoei olivai in Bulgan"). based on material from the Orkhon system. 56 Mongolia eir figures suggest a species with a mid-lateral considered the Baikal-Selenge populations as a series of a few small blotches (their figure 2), distinct subspecies, for which the name C. m. olivai from or somewhat elongated, poorly contrasted, and would be available. Vasil'eva refers to Vasil'ev & somewhat connected by a dark stripe (their figure Vasil'eva (1994­a short conference abstract) for 1) differing from the large blotch pattern (see supporting karyological data. With the published figures) illustrated by most authors for Chinese, data, this reasoning is flawed. While the karyotypes Korean and Siberian populations (e.g., Anonym, of the Volga and Selenge populations effectively Recorded 1979: fig. 43; Chen, 1987: 39; Liu & Qin, 1987: differ and suggest they represent different taxa, this 190; Berg, 1949: 892; Kim, 1997: 310). I have does not allow recognition of a taxon peculiar to the examined material from the Kherlen, Selenge and Selenge and Baikal. Without information on the Bulgan drainages and could not find differences. karyotypes of populations adjacent to the Selenge Species e samples from the Egiin (Selenge) and the (from the rest of the Yenisei drainage as well as from of Tuul rivers (Orkhon) each include specimens with the basins surrounding Mongolia), the identity of the smaller and poorly contrasted pattern and the populations in intermediate areas cannot be specimens with the large and bold pattern (see assessed. If two species are involved, it is likely that figures). To me, these are the kind of differences the Baikal-Selenge populations will be conspecific expected within a population, and often related with some other Siberian or East Asian ones and Accounts with the turbidity, or substrate, or the way the one of the three senior synonyms listed above could individual specimens have been handled before have precedence as a name for this species. fixation. Presently there is no data to justify retaining C. granoei as a distinct taxon. Specimens from the Ertix River (Xinjiang, China) are figured in Anonym (1979: fig. 43) and Kimura Specimens of C. melanoleuca with the small spot et al. (1992). pattern have also been figured from China (e.g., Shaanxi: Nichols, 1943: 198; Anonym, 1992: 78, Distribution. In Mongolia: Kherlen, Onon, fig. 3­81; Nalbant, 1993: 103; Hebei: Wang et al., Khalkhiin, Selenge and Bulgan drainages; Lakes 2001: 176) and Korea (e.g., Kim, 1997, pl. 25). Ugii, Khuvsgul and Buir. Outside Mongolia: from the Don drainage eastwards to Amur and Huang Sokolov (1983: 210) and Baasanjav & Tsendayush He drainages (China). (2001: 125) recognized the presence of two subspecies in Mongolia, which they distinguished Iksookimia lebedevi as C. t. taenia, with the head length greater than the length of the caudal peduncle, and C. t. Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1985: 464, sibirica, with the head length about equal to the fig. 1A (type locality: Russia: Amur River near length of the caudal peduncle. ey reported Elabuga) both from the Selenge drainage and only their `C. t. taenia' from the Kherlen and Onon drainages. Remarks on systematics. Kottelat & Lim (1992: All the specimens I have examined show a reverse 216), Nalbant (1993: 105) and Reshetnikov et al. situation; the Selenge drainage specimens have the (1997: 707; 2002: 360) considered I. lebedevi as a head longer than the caudal peduncle, while it is synonym of I. choii. Iksookimia choii is endemic to only slightly longer or as long in the specimens Kum River drainage, a very small area in Korea. from the Kherlen drainage. Kim et al. (1999: 377) and Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 104) treat I. lebedevi as a valid species. Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva (1994: 67) reported differences in karyotype between the populations from the Distribution. In Mongolia: Kherlen River Volga and those from Baikal-Selenge drainages. (Vasil'eva, 1994; Reshetnikov, 1997). Outside Later, Vasil'eva (in Reshetnikov et al., 1997: 708) Mongolia: Amur drainage in China and Russia. 57 e Misgurnus mohoity Silurus asotus nomenclatur Cobitis fossilis var. mohoity Dybowski, 1869: 957 Silurus Asotus Linnaeus, 1758: 304 (type locality: and (type locality: Russia: Transbaikalia: Onon and Asia) Ingoda rivers) Silurus dauuricus Pallas, 1787: 359, pl. 11 fig. 11 ? Misgurnus maculatus Bleeker, 1873: 146 (nomen (type locality: Russia: Dauuria: Onon, Ingoda systematics on nudum; locality: China) and Argun drainages) ? Misgurnus spilurus Bleeker, 1873: 146 (nomen Silurus punctatus Cantor, 1842: 485 (type locality: nudum; locality: China) China:ChusanIsland;primaryjuniorhomonym comments Nemachilus bipartitus Sauvage & Dabry de of Silurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818a: 355) iersant, 1874: 16 (type localities: North Silurus xanthosteus Richardson, 1845: 133, pl. 56 with China & Central China) figs. 12­14 (type locality: China: Chusan Island MisgurnuscestoideusKessler,1876:34(typelocality: and Canton) ongolia M China: Liaoning Prov.: Dalai Nur [43°18'00"N Silurus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846: in 116°37'00"E]) 226, pl. 104 fig. 1 (type locality: Japan: Higo, Cobitis adjan Dybowski, in Sinicyn, 1900: 49 Satzuma and Nagasaki) occur to (nomen nudum) Silurus cinereus Dabry de iersant, 1872: 189, pl. wn Ussuria leptocephala Nikolski, 1904: 362 (type 47 fig. 1 (type locality: China: Yang-tse-kiang kno locality: River Ussuri / River Cherulu in eastern [Yangtze River]) shesfi Mongolia) Silurus bedfordi Regan, 1908: 61, pl. 2 fig. 3 (type Misgurnus erikssoni Rendahl, 1922: 3 (type locality: locality: South Korea: Kimhoa and Chong-ju) the of China: Nei Mongol: Djaggaste) Parasilurus asotus var. longus Wu, 1930b: 255, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Tchekiang: creek on the Remarks on systematics. Systematics follows hill of Tian-Tai) check-list Vasil'eva et al. (2001, 2003). e Mongolian populations were identified as M. anguillicaudatus Remarks on systematics. e genus Parasilurus in earlier literature. is a junior synonym of Silurus (see Kobayakawa, ongolia--A 1989). M Distribution. In Mongolia: Rivers Onon, Kherlen, of UlzandKhalkh;LakeBuirandSelbeRiver.Outside Distribution. In Mongolia: in Lake Buir and in ishesF Mongolia: Amur drainage; northeastern China. Rivers Orshuun, Khalkh, Onon, Kherlen and their tributaries. In 1932, introduced into Lake Shashka, from where it entered River Selenge and Family Siluridae rapidly invaded rivers of this drainage, until Rivers (wels, catfishes) Orchon, Kharaa, Tuul, Eyruu, and Lake Ugii. Outside Mongolia: from the Amur drainage to e inclusion of S. soldatovi in the Mongolian central Vietnam; Japan; Taiwan. fauna by Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 130) is based on a single specimen collected in 1956 in Lake Buir and identified by Bord & Tsendayush. Family Lotidae Otherwise, the species is known only in lowermost (burbots) Amur, below Khabarovsk. I consider it as either a misidentification,orresultingfromanintroduction Lota lota or accidental release, or escapee on Chinese side of Lake Buir. Synonymy includes only nominal species whose type locality is in Asia. 58 Mongolia Gadus Lota Linnaeus, 1758: 255 (based on in connection with the populations from the Ertix Linnaeus [1746: 109, n. 292, Gadus dipterygius and Bulgan drainages. from ... aequalibus], Artedi [1738: gen. [spec.] 22, syn. 38, Gadus dorso ... ore cirrato, spec. 107, Distribution. In Mongolia: Selenge drainage: Silurus ciro in mento unico]; type locality: "in Rivers Ider, Delgermurun, Orkhon, Tuul, Eyruu, lacubus Europaeis") and their tributaries, Lakes Ugii, Terhiin agaan, Lota vulgaris var. obensis Anikin, 1902: 108 (type Khuvsgul and Khagiin Khar; Bulgan River; absent Recorded locality: Russia: Siberia: River Ob) from Berg, in rivers and lakes of Darkhad depression. Outside 1949: 943 Mongolia: throughout Europe to northernmost Lota lota asiatica Kirillov, 1972: 279 (type locality: extremity of Scandinavia; in Siberia, in rivers Russia: Yakutia) draining to Arctic Ocean eastward to Kolyma. Species of Distribution. In Mongolia: rivers and lakes of Selengedrainage,inLakeKhuvsgulanditstributaries, Lakes Ugii, Terkhiin Tsagaan; rivers and lakes of Family Cottidae Amur drainage, in upper reaches of Rivers Onon, (sculpins, bullheads) Kherlen, Khalkhiin; Lake Buir. Outside Mongolia: Accounts northern Eurasia, from France to River Lena, Black Cottus sibiricus is listed in the Mongolian fauna and Caspian Seas basins. Populations from eastern by Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001: 141). ey Siberia and North America earlier referred to L. lota comment that the species is possibly present in represent a distinct species, L. maculosa. Selenge and possibly in Bulgan River. e map in Reshetnikov et al. (2002: 170) does not show it present in Lake Baikal basin and Selenge drainage, Family Percidae neither is it recorded by Sideleva (2003). ere is no actual record of the species in Mongolia. To (perch, perches) my knowledge, there is no record of any species of Cottus in Bulgan River, but the presence of C. Perca fluviatilis dzungaricus should be expected. Synonymy includes only nominal species whose type locality is in Asia e taxonomy of the Siberian Cottus species is not Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758: 289 (based on settled. e recent revision of the European species Linnaeus [1746: 106, n. 285 (sic; 284)], Artedi by Freyhof et al. (2004) has shown that the single [1738: gen. 39 [74], syn. 66, spec. 74 [39], Perca `widespread' species C. gobio recognized by most lineis utrinque ...] and Gronovius [1754: 42, n. authors in fact is an aggregate of at least 14 species. 96, idem]; type locality: "in Europae lacubus A similar situation is most likely to appear when imprimis") the Siberian populations are examined in detail. Perca fluviatilis zaissanica Dianov, 1955 (type As presently recognized, C. sibiricus extends from locality: Kazakhstan: Lake Zaisan) from the Ob to the Lena drainages. e type series of Svetovidov & Dorofeyeva, 1963: 637 C. sibiricus includes material from the Yenisei. Perca fluviatilis intermedius Svetovidov & Berg (1949: 1148) also mentions the Irtysh at Dorofeyeva, 1963: 639 (type locality: Russia: Ust-Kamenogorsk as part of the type locality but Siberia: River Kolyma) without supporting data. Remarks on systematics. e population from ere is no actual record of Cottus in Bulgan River Lake Zaisan was regarded as a distinct subspecies in Mongolia, but the genus is known from the Ertix by Dianov (1955). Its status should be investigated, River (Xinjiang, China) and its tributary Ulungur, 59 e the downstream name of the Bulgan. e Ertix is Berg (1949: 1143). Holcik & Pivnicka (1969: 18) nomenclatur the upper Irtysh. e subspecies C. sibiricus altaicus described topotypical material from the Onon River and was described based on material from the Ertix in Mongolia and considered C. szanaga as a valid (Li et al., 1966: 49). It is presently not possible to species. Sokolov (1983) commented that there is no know if the syntype(s) (?) of C. sibiricus from the difference in meristic and morphometry between systematics Irtysh [if they exist, see above] could be conspecific European and Amur and Onon populations of their on with C. s. altaicus. A lectotype designation for C. C. poecilopus and that Holcik & Pivnicka's decision sibiricus will probably be needed. to consider C. szanaga as valid was done without comparison (which is not true, these authors comments e Xinjiang C. s. altaicus is a primary junior compared the two species). with homonym of C. poecilopus altaicus, described from the Katun drainage [Ob drainage] in Altai by Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 188) consider ongolia Kashchenko (1899: 151). e junior homonym C. szanaga as a valid species. Cottus poecilopus is M C. s. altaicus has to be replaced by a new name; described from Europe and is redescribed by in it is not possible to retain it under art. 23.9.1 of Freyhof et al. (2005: 167) who did not include C. occur the Code as the name C. altaicus of Kashchenko szanaga in its synonymy. to has been used as a valid name after 1899 (e.g., wn Sinicyn, 1900: 55). I establish Cottus dzungaricus I could examine only very briefly and without kno as a new replacement name for Cottus altaicus optical equipment a single specimen about 50 mm shesfi Li et al., 1966. Cottus altaicus belongs to the C. SL from the Onon drainage in the Institute of the poecilopus group and is considered to be a valid Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. e first of species by Bogutskaya & Naseka (2004: 185, 188) dorsal fin is very low, much lower than on figures and Ostroshabov & Naseka (2005). in Sokolov (1983) and Baasanjav & Tsendayush (2001). e pelvic fin has about 4 dark bands on check-list For the time being, I tentatively accept that all the first ray. Prickles were not distinct but might syntypes of C. sibiricus are conspecific. Cottus be present. dzungaricus is distinct from C. sibiricus as described ongolia--A M by Berg (1949: 1148). I examined the holotype Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon drainage. of and 31 specimens of C. dzungaricus from the Ertix Outside Mongolia: Amur drainage. and Ulungur, at Fu Hai, Fu Yun, Ke Ke Tuo Hai ishesF and Ertai (IZCAS 50059­75, 50268­288, 55073­ Leocottus kesslerii 077, 56824). Ertai is on the Ulungur, about 80 Cottus Kesslerii Dybowski, 1874: 384, pl. 2 fig. 1 km downriver of the Mongolia-China border and (type locality: Russia: Lake Baikal and Angara, it is very likely that the species is also present in Irkut and Selenge Rivers) Mongolia (it seems impossible that the suitable Cottus trigonocephalus Gratzianov, 1902: 32 (type habitat is missing). Cottus dzungaricus is easily locality: Russia: Lake Baikal: Ushkan Island) distinguished from C. sibiricus in having a naked Cottus kessleri var. nudus Dybowski, 1908: 545 body (vs. body entirely covered by prickles). (type locality: Russia: Lake Baikal) Cottus szanaga Cottus kessleri bauntovi Taliev, 1946: 744, fig. 2 (type locality: Russia: Buryatia: Lake Baunt, Cottus szanaga Dybowski, 1869: 949, pl. 14 fig. east of Lake Baikal, Vitim River drainage) 1 (type locality: Russia: Onon River and its Paracottus (Leocottus) kessleri lubricus Taliev, tributaries, Amur River basin) 1955: 250, figs. 97­98 (type locality: Russia: Lake Baikal) Remarks on systematics. Recorded from Mongolia Paracottus kessleri arachlensis Tarchova, 1962: as C. poecilopus by Sokolov (1983: 223) and 103 (type locality: Russia: Lake Arakhlei, Lake Baasanjav&Tsendayush(2001:141).Cottusszanaga Baikal Basin) had been considered a synonym of C. poecilopus by 60 Mongolia Paracottus kessleri gussinensis Tarchova, 1962: 108 Eleotris pleskei Warpachowski, in Warpachowski & (type locality: Russia: Lake Gusinor, Lake Baikal Herzenstein, 1888: 19, pl. fig. 2 (type locality: from Basin) Russia: Lefu River [Ilistaya] near Nikolajewka, Khanka Lake basin) Distribution. In Mongolia: lower Selenge drainage Eleotris Dybowskii Herzenstein & Warpachowski, (Dgebuadze & Dulmaa, 1996: 33). Outside in Warpachowski & Herzenstein, 1888: 21 Mongolia: Lake Baikal and small lakes in its basin; (type locality: China: swamp near Chingan Recorded lower Selenge, Angara and Baingol Rivers. [Khingan] mountains, Amur River basin) Mesocottus haitej Distribution. In Mongolia: Lake Buir; in Russia, invasive in Selenge River and likely to arrive in Species Cottus haïtej Dybowski, 1869: 949, pl. 14 fig. 2 Mongolia soon. Outside Mongolia: from Amur (type locality: Russia: Onon and Ingoda Rivers of drainagetonortheasternChina,Korea.Introduced, and their tributaries; spelling haïtej must be accidentally or not, in other areas of Russia, very emended in haitej, Code art. 32.5.2.1) invasive and gluttonous, dangerous for the native fauna. Distribution. In Mongolia: Onon drainage. Accounts Outside Mongolia: Amur drainage; northern Unidentifiable Records Sakhalin; Yaludzyan drainage. A `black bream' was collected in 2002 in Lake Buir (Erdenebat M., pers. comm., 2005). Without Family Odontobutidae more information, specimen or photograph, it is (`sleepers') impossible to comment on its identity. It could possibly be Parabramis pekinensis or Megalobrama Perccottus glenii terminalis, both of which are cultivated in China. Perccottus Glenii Dybowski, 1877: 28 (type locality: Russia: Golovechka [Ussuri drainage; Berg, 1948: 1056]) 61 Accounts of Species Recorded from Adjacent Areas T he following species are known from areas immediately adjacent to Mongolia and their presence in Mongolia might be expected either as permanent or temporary inhabitants, isolated populations, or vagrant individuals. Amur drainage Areas Family Gasterosteidae Pungitius sinensis Present in Dalai Nor according to Berg (1949: 968). Adjacent Family Bagridae Pseudobagrus herzensteini Present in Onon drainage (Berg, 1949: 918). Map in Reshetnikov (2002b: 21) shows it immediately from adjacent to Mongolia. Earlier placed in genera Macrones or Leiocassis. Generic position follows Mo (1990: 135). Irtysh (Ertix) drainage Recorded e following species are unknown in the Bulgan River in Mongolia but are recorded in the Chinese part of the Irtysh drainage (Ertix and Ulungur Rivers) (Li et al., 1966; Anonym, 1979; Kimura et al., 1992; pers. obs. of material in the Institutes of Hydrobiology and Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Species Wuhan and Beijing respectively). Some of them are probably restricted to the downstream part (especially of Lakes Ulungur Hu and Ji Hu). Most of them are present in the Selenge drainage in Mongolia. Mention of A. ruthenus in the Ertix in Anonym (1979) is based on Berg's (1948: 77) records from `Irtysh' (see Li et al., 1966: 53) and it is not retained here. Family Acipenseridae Accounts Acipenser baerii (see above) Family Salmonidae Hucho taimen (see above) Brachymystax lenok (see above) 63 e Family Coregonidae nomenclatur Stenodus nelma and Family Esocidae Esox lucius (see above) systematics on Family Cyprinidae Abramis brama Often reported as A. b. orientalis. I have not researched the status of this `subspecies'. comments Aspiopsis merzbacheri with Not previously reported from Ertix drainage, but I examined material from Burqin (47°43'00"N 86°53'00"E) on the Ertix downriver of Lake Ulungur Hu in the Institute of Hydrobiology in ongolia Wuhan. Appears usually as Leuciscus merzbacheri in the literature. Generic placement follows Howes M (1984). in Carassius carassius (see above) occur Carassius gibelio (see above) to Leuciscus idus (see above) wn Rutilus rutilus (see above) kno shesfi Family Nemacheilidae the Barbatula altayensis (see above) of Barbatula sp. (see above) Family Lotidae check-list Lota lota (see above) Family Percidae ongolia--A M Perca fluviatilis (see above) of Gymnocephalus cernuus Appears often as Acerina cernua in the literature. ishesF Family Cottidae Cottus dzungaricus (see above) 64 Recommendations Recommendations T he present evaluation of the systematics and nomenclature of the freshwater fishes of Mongolia shows that, although not very diverse, this fauna is still very poorly known and its diversity underestimated. e first, most obvious, work that should be undertaken is a survey of the whole country. Some priority areas should be surveyed: · Bulgan River: there is almost no information on the local fauna; because it is the only water body in Mongolia belonging to the Irtysh drainage it is potentially inhabited by species not found elsewhere in the country, as suggested by the existing information on the fauna of the Ertix drainage in China (Bulgan is a tributary of Ertix); · Khovd drainage and lakes of the Great Lakes Basin, because of their high level of endemicity, the potential for the discovery of several additional species, and the need to understand the status and distribution of the Oreoleuciscus species, forms, or population; · Onon drainage; · springs of the Gobi Lakes Valley and along the Mongolia-China border: there is historical information that some are inhabited by fishes and this should be verified (see under "Other Barbatula"). Attention should especially be given to small size species (Nemacheilidae, Cobitidae, Cottidae, Phoxinus, Rhynchocypris) as close comparison of various populations shows that a number of additional species are likely to be found. ese small-sized species often have very restricted distribution ranges and several of the wide-ranging species presently recognized are expected to be, in fact, artificial aggregates of a number of species with smaller ranges. Considering the important scientific interest of Oreoleuciscus, their systematics should absolutely be revisited, based on large scale surveys, well-preserved material and modern concepts. Morphological as well as molecular methods should be applied. eir ecology should be revisited once their taxonomy is understood. is could also be the topic of one or several academic research projects. e taxonomy of Brachymystax should be resolved, but this will not be feasible without access to material from Russia, China, Kazakhstan and Korea. e status of several populations of ymallus and Coregonus should be examined, especially in the case of sympatric `forms'. 65 e Comparison material from adjacent areas of China and Russia will be needed to solve a number of the nomenclatur taxonomic problems concerning the Mongolian fish fauna. and Future introductions or stocking with non-native fishes should absolutely be preceded by an Impact Assessment, following international standards (e.g., FAO, 1996). e impact of past introductions should systematics be critically reviewed. e level of endemicity of the Mongolian fish fauna was earlier underestimated and on what was viewed as possibly a minor impact on widely distributed species in fact could have been a major impact on a narrow endemic. In particular, the introduction of fish-eating and other predatory species should be avoided. comments with Several species with economical importance are now shown to be in fact assemblages of several distinct species. Fisheries policies should take this into account in management and legislation.Transbasin stocking ongolia should be forbidden as in many cases this may introduce a species into a new drainage, with the resulting M problem of competition with the native species and the risk of hybridization. in occur ere is an obvious need for training in techniques and methods for fish sampling, preservation, to examination and identification, as well as in practical aspects of taxonomy. It does not mean that there is a wn need for full-time researchers working on fish taxonomy, but a reasonable understanding of the methods, kno procedures, results, expectations, and use of the data is necessary. shesfi the of check-list ongolia--A M of ishesF 66 Bibliography Bibliography T itles of publications in languages using the Latin alphabet appear as in original. For publications using other alphabets, if a translation of the title in a language using the Latin alphabet is given in the paper, this translation is used; if no translation is given, the title has been translated into English. For some publications which I have not seen, the titles appear as in the available bibliographic references, using the quoted language or transcription. For journal names in languages not usingtheLatinalphabet,atranslationisusedonlyifitisprintedinthejournal;otherwiseIuseatranscription. Publication years in bold indicate publications not seen by me and quoted from bibliographies. Abbott, J. F. 1901. List of fishes collected in the morphology and allozyme variation]. Voprosy River Pei-Ho, at Tien-tsin, China, by Noah Ikhtiologii,46(4):478­494[inRussian,translated Fields Drake, with descriptions of seven new in Journal of Ichthyology, 46 (7): 500­516]. species. Proceedings of the United States National Alfred, E. R. 1961. e Javanese fishes described Museum, 23 (1221): 483­491. by Kuhl and van Hasselt. Bulletin of the National Agassiz,L.1850.LakeSuperior:itsphysicalcharacter, Museum of Singapore, 30: 80­88, pls. 3­8. vegetation, and animals, compared with those of Anikin, V. P. 1902. [Description of new fish species other and similar regions. Gould, Kendall and from Asia]. Izvestia Tomskogo Universiteta, 22 Lincoln, Boston, x + 428 pp., 16 pls. [page numbers unknown] [in Russian]. Akai, Y. & R. Arai. 1998. Rhodeus sinensis, a Anikin, V. P. 1905. Descriptions of new Asiatic fish senior synonym of R. lighti and R. uyekii species. Izvestia Tomskogo Universiteta, 1905: 18 (Acheilognathinae, Cyprinidae). Ichthyological pp. [reprint] [in Russian]. Research, 45 (1): 105­110. Anonym. 1979. [Fishes of Xinjiang Province]. 106 Alekseev, S. S., A. F. Kirillov & V. P. Samusenok. pp. [in Chinese]. 2003. [Distribution and morphology of the Anonym. 1992. [Fish fauna of Shaanxi]. Shaanxi sharp-nose and the blunt-nose lenoks of the Science and Technology Press, Xian, 140 pp., 44 genus Brachymystax (Salmonidae) of East pls. [in Chinese]. Siberia]. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 43 (3): 311­333 [in Antonov, A. L. 2004. A new species of grayling Russian]. ymallus burejensis sp. nova ( ymallidae) Alekseev,S.S.&A.G.Osinov.2006.[Blunt-snouted from the Amur basin. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 44 (4): lenoks (Genus Brachymystax: Salmoniformes, 441­451 [in Russian, translation in Journal of Salmonidae) from the Ob Basin: new data on Ichthyology, 44 (6): 401­411]. 67 e Arai, R. & Y. Akai. 1988. Acheilognathus melano- Belyaev, V. 1929. [Abramis brama bergi subsp. nomenclatur gaster, a senior synonym of A. moriokae, with nov. A subspecies of the white-eye bream and a revision of the genera of the subfamily Ach- from the south Caspian]. Izvestiya Bakinskoi eilognathinae (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Bul- Ikhtiologicheskoi Laboratorii, 2 (2): 80­97 [in letin of the National Science Museum, Zoology, 14 Russian]. systematics (4): 199­213. Berg, L. S. 1907a. [Note sur quelques espèces on Artedi, P. 1738. Ichthyologia sive opera omnia paléarctiques du genre Phoxinus]. Ezegodnik de piscibus scilicet: Bibliotheca ichthyologica. Zoologiceskago Muzeja Imperatorskoj Akademii Philosophia ichthyologica. Genera piscium. Nauk, Sankt-Peterburg [Annuaire du Musée comments Synonymiaspecierum.Descriptionesspecierum. Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences with Omnia in hoc genere perfectiora quam antea de St-Pétersbourg], 11 (1906 [1907]): 196­213 ulla posthuma vindicavit, recognovit, coaptavit [in Russian]. ongolia et edidit Carolus Linnaeus. Wishoff, Lugduni Berg, L. S. 1907b. Beschreibungen einiger neuer M Batavorum, 17+68+92+102+139. Fische aus dem Stromgebiete des Amur. in Baasanjav, G. & A. Tsendayush. 2001. [Fishes of Ezegodnik Zoologiceskago Muzeja Imperatorskoj occur Mongolia]. Admon, Ulaanbaatar, 180 pp., 30 Akademii Nauk, Sankt-Peterburg [Annuaire du to pls. [in Mongolian]. Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des wn Balon, E. K. 1995. e common carp, Cyprinus Sciences de St-Pétersbourg], 12: 418­423. kno carpio; its wild origin, domestication in Berg,L.S.1908.[AlistoffishesfromtheObbasin]. shesfi aquaculture, and selection as colored nishikigoi. Ezegodnik Zoologiceskago Muzeja Imperatorskoj the Guelph Ichthyological Review 3: 1­55. 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[in Russian, Latin diagnoses] [authors Cyprinidae)]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 20 listed as Herzenstein & Warpachowski in German (1): 116­123 [in Chinese, English summary]. title]. Yue, P.-Q. (ed.) 2000. [Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes. Wu, H.-W. 1930a. On some fishes collected from Cypriniformes III]. Science Press, Beijing, the Upper Yangtze valley. Sinensia, 1 (6): 65­ v+653 pp. 86. Zheng, B.-S., H.-M. Hwang, Y.-L. Chang & D.- Wu, H.-W. 1930b. Description de poissons Y. Dai. 1980. et al. [ e fishes of Tumenjiang nouveaux de Chine. Bulletin du Muséum River]. 112 pp. [in Chinese]. National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Sér. 2, 2 (3): Zhou,J.,Q.Wu,Z.Wang&Y.Ye.2004.Molecular Bibliography 255­259. phylogeny of three subspecies of common carp Wu, H.-W. (ed.). 1964. [ e cyprinid fishes of Cyprinus carpio, based on sequence analysis of China]. Technical Printing House, Shanghai, 1: cytochrome b and control region of mtDNA. 230 pp., pls. 1­78 [in Chinese]. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Wu, H.-W. (ed.). 1977. [ e cyprinid fishes of Research, 42: 266­269. China. 2]. Technical Printing House, Shanghai, Zhu, S.-Q. 1989. [ e loaches of the subfamily 2: pp. 229­598, 109 pls. [in Chinese]. Nemacheilinae in China (Cypriniformes: Wu, H.-W. & K. F. Wang. 1931. On a collection Cobitidae)]. Jiangsu Science and Technology of fishes from the upper Yangtze Valley. Publishing House, Nanjing, 150 pp. [in Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of Chinese, English summary]. the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 7 Zhu, S.-Q. 1992. [ ree new species (6): 221­237. of Nemacheilinae fishes from China Wu, Y.-F. & C.-Z. Wu. 1992. [ e fishes of the (Cypriniformes:Cobitidae)].ActaZootaxonomica Qinghai-Xizang Plateau]. Sichuan Publishing Sinica, 17 (2): 241­247 [in Chinese, English House of Science and Technology, Chengdu, summary]. 599 pp. [in Chinese, English summary]. Zugmayer, E. 1912. On a new genus of cyprinoid Xia, Y.-Z., Y.-Y. Chen & Y. Sheng. 2006. fishes from High Asia. Annals and Magazin of Phylogeographicstructureoflenok(Brachymystax Natural History, Ser. 8, 9 (54): 682. lenok Pallas) (Salmoninae, Salmonidae) Zugmayer, E. 1913. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse populations in water systems of eastern China, der Reise von Prof. Dr. G. Merzbacher im inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. zentralen und östlichen ian-Schan 1907/8. Zoological Studies, 45 (2): 190­200. II. Fische. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch- Yamazaki, Y., A. Goto & M. Nishida. 2003. Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence Akademie der Wissenschaften, 26 (4): 1­18, 1 pl. between two cryptic species of Lethenteron, with reference to an improved identification technique. Journal of Fish Biology, 62 (3): 591­ 609. Yamazaki,Y., R.Yokoyama, M. Nishida & A. Goto. 2006. Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Lethenteron lampreys in eastern Eurasia. Journal of Fish Biology 68 (Suppl. B): 251­269. Yang, J.-Q., S.-P. He, J. Freyhof, K. Witte & H.- Z. Liu. 2006. e phylogenetic relationships of the Gobioninae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) 83 Appendix 1 Nomenclatural information on species mentioned in the text but not belonging to the Mongolian fauna. 1 Family Petromyzontidae Lethenteron camtschaticum (Tilesius, 1811) Petromyzon marinus Camtschaticus Tilesius, 1811: 240, pl. 9 (type locality: Japan: Jeddo and Yokohama, Appendix by neotype designation [originally "portus Divi Petri et Pauli Camtschatici" (Russia: Kamchatka: Petropavlovsk Kamtchatskii)]) Petromyzon Japonicus Martens, 1868: 3, pl. 1 fig. 2 (type locality: Japan: Jeddo and Yokohama) Family Acipenseridae Huso dauricus (Georgi, 1775) Acipenser dauricus Georgi, 1775a: 352 (type locality: Russia: Amur, Argun, Schilka and Onon Rivers) Family Salmonidae Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li, 1966 Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li, 1966: 92, fig. (type locality: China: Shaanxi: Chow-Tze-Hsien, How- Chen-Tze, in Tsinling range [Qin Ling]) Family Coregonidae Coregonus autumnalis (Pallas, 1776) Salmo autumnalis Pallas, 1776a: 32, 1776b: 705 (type locality: Russia: ascends Pechora and Yenisei Rivers /Lake Baikal from which it enters Angara River and Tuba River to Lake Madsharein [see Berg, 1948: 342 for more details]) 85 e Coregonus clupeoides La Cepède, 1803 nomenclatur Coregonus clupeoïdes La Cepède, 1803: 698 (type locality: Scotland: Island Inchtonachon, Lochlomoud and [Loch Lomond]; syntypes: LU) Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) systematics on Salmo Lavaretus Linnaeus, 1758: 310 (type locality: France: Lake Bourget, by neotype designation by Kottelat, 1997: 104) comments Coregonus pollan ( ompson, 1835) with Coregonus Pollan ompson, 1835: 78 (type locality: UK: Northern Ireland: Lough Neagh) ongolia M Coregonus sardinella (Pallas, 1814) in Salmo clupeoides Pallas, 1814: 410 (type locality: Russia: Siberia: Kolyma River from mouth to occur Srednekolymsk and further upstream, Alazeya, Indigirka at Zashiversk, and Arctic Ocean [Berg, 1948: to 328; Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848: 517 also mentions Irtysh, which is not mentioned wn by Pallas]; junior secondary homonym of Coregonus clupeoides La Cepède, 1803: 698 when placed in kno Coregonus) shesfi the Prosopium cylindraceum (Pennant, 1784) of Salmo cylindraceus Pennant, 1784: ciii, xxxvii (type locality: Russia: Lena, Indigirfka [Indighirka], and Kowyma [Kolyma] Rivers) check-list Family Thymallidae ongolia--A M of ymallus brevipinnis Svetovidov, 1931 ishesF ymallus arcticus var. brevipinnis Svetovidov, 1931: 85 (type locality: Russia: Lake Baikal) ymallus burejensis Antonov, 2004 ymallus burejensis Antonov, 2004: 443, fig. 2 (type locality: Russia: Bureye River [a tributary of Middle Amur]; holotype: MGU P-20928) ymallus mertensii Valenciennes, 1848 ymalus [sic] Mertensii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848: 453 (type locality: Russia: Kamchatka) ymallus pallasii Valenciennes, 1848 ymalus [sic] Pallasii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848: 448 (type locality: Russia) ymallus signifer (Richardson, 1823) Coregonus signifer Richardson, 1823: 711, pl. 26 (type locality: Canada: rivers north of Great Slave Lake) 86 Family Cyprinidae Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) Abramis brama bergi Grib & Vernidub, 1935: 112 (type locality: Aral Sea at Muinak / Lake Yaskhan in Uzboi/River Sary-su; junior primary homonym of Abramis sapa bergi Belyaev, 1929) from Berg, 1949: 774 Abramis brama orientalis Berg, 1949: 774 (replacement name for Abramis brama bergi Grib & Vernidub, 1935) Aspiopsis merzbacheri Zugmayer, 1912 Aspiopsis merzbacheri Zugmayer, 1912: 682 (type locality: China: Manas River near Manas city, northwest of Urumtschi [Urumqi] on northern slopes of ian-Shan range; also in Zugmayer, 1913: 13, pl.) Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Barbus Linnaeus, 1758: 320 (based on Artedi [1738: gen. [spec.] 4, syn. 8, Cyprinus maxilla superiore longiore ...], Gronovius [1754: 5, n. 20. idem; 1756: 3, n. 20, idem] and on data from the then unpublished Linnaeus, 1764: 107 [from Spain]; type locality: River Ijssel at Deventer, Netherlands 1 [by lectotype designation by Kottelat, 1997: 48; original locality: "in Europa australis") Genghis Howes, 1984 Genghis Howes, 1984: 289 (type species: Squalius mongolicus Kessler, 1876: 21, by original designation). Appendix Gender masculine. Gobio macrocephalus Mori, 1930 Gobio gobio macrocephalus Mori, 1930: 46 (type locality: Korea: Kai-nei/Kei-Ko) Gobio tungussicus Borisov, 1928 Gobio gobio tungussicus Borisov, 1928: 105, 165, pl. 6 figs. 14­15 (type locality: Russia: Sakha-Yakutia: Lena River near Zhigansk) Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler, 1876) Squalius chuanchicus Kessler, 1876: 23 (type locality: China: Huang He River) Squalius mongolicus Kessler, 1876: 21, pl. 2 fig. 2 (type locality: China: Liaoning Prov.: Lake Dalai-Nor [endorheic lake at 43°18'00"N 116°37'00"]) Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill, 1817) Cyprinus haematopterus Rafinesque, 1820a: 6 (type locality: USA: New York: streams falling into the Hudson River) Microphysogobio amurensis (Taranetz, 1937) Rostrogobio amurensisTaranetz, 1937: 114 (type locality: Russia: middle and lower Amur River and Khanka Lake) 87 e Microphysogobio kiatingensis (Wu, 1930) nomenclatur Pseudogobio kiatingensis Wu, 1930a: 70, fig. 1 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Kiating [Lo-Shan], upper and Yangtze drainage) Pseudogobio suifuensis Wu, 1930a: 71, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Sichuan: Suifu) systematics on Microphysogobio tungtingensis (Nichols, 1926) Pseudogobio tungtingensis Nichols, 1926: 4, fig. 4 (type locality: China: Hunan Prov.: Huping, Tungting Lake) comments with Microphysogobio yaluensis (Mori, 1928) Pseudogobio yaluensis Mori, 1928: 59 (type locality: Korea: Yalu River at Tsao-ho-kou) ongolia Microphysogobio tungtingensis uchidai Banarescu & Nalbant, 1973: 264, fig. 139 (type locality: South M in Korea: Sinch'on-ni, 35°16.5"N 128°50.7'E, about 25 km west-northwest of Pusan) occur to Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) wn Cyprinus Phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758: 322 (based on Artedi [1738: syn. 12, Cyprinus tridactylus ...]; type kno locality: "in Europa") shesfi ? Phoxinus laevis var. balchaschana Kessler, 1879: 283 (type locality: Kazakhstan: River Ajagus [Ayaguz] near Sergiopol [Ayaguz], Lake Balkash basin; also in Kessler, 1880: 234) the of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry, 1874) check-list Pseudophoxinus oxycephalus Sauvage & Dabry de iersant, 1874: 11 (type locality: China: Pékin [Beijing], Si-wan, and southern Shen-si) Leuciscus costatus Fowler, 1899: 180 (type locality: China: Pechili [Nei Mongol]: Tan lan Ho River, tributary of Shu lan Ho, approximately 30 miles northeast of Lama-miau or Dolon-nor [Duolun, ongolia--A M Inner Mongolia]) of ishesF Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage, 1883) Phoxinus Steindachneri Sauvage, 1883: 148 (type locality: Japan: Lake Biwa) Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis (Günther, 1873) Gobio nigripinnis Günther, 1873: 246 (type locality: China: Shanghai) Sarcocheilichthys czerskii (Berg, 1914) Chilogobio czerskii Berg, 1914: 490, fig. 75 (type locality: Russia: Sintukha, Lake Khanka basin) Family Nemacheilidae (stone loaches) Barbatula altayensis Zhu, 1992 Barbatula altayensis Zhu, 1992: 241, figs. 1-2 (type locality: China: Xinjiang: Kelang He River, a tributary of the Ertix River, near Altay City, 47°52'N 88°06'E) 88 Barbatula sturanyi (Steindachner, 1892) Nemachilus Sturanyi Steindachner, 1892a: 131 (type locality: FYROM: Lake Ohrid at Pestani, between Ohrid City and Naum monastery; also in Steindachner, 1892b: 378, pl. 2 fig. 3) Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner, 1866) Cobitis stolickai Steindachner, 1866b: 793, pl. 14 fig. 2 (type locality: India: Kashmir: Rupshu: rivulets in the vicinity of Lake Tso Morari) ? Nemachilus dorsonotatus plagiognathus Herzenstein, 1888: 33, pl. 5 fig. 5, pl. 7 fig. 2 (type localities: China: Lake Kuku-nor, eastern Mongolia [Qinghai Hu, China]/Eastern Zaidam [Tsaidam]/spring at Galmyk/Gan-ssu/Dabsun-gobi [apparently Caka Yanhu 36°42'00"N, 99°06'00"E, Dalai Dabassu on map in Przewal'skii, 1876]/Chami [Hami, Xinjiang; 42°48'00"N, 93°27'00"E ]/Lake Alak-nor [Alag Hu]/Chuan-che R. near Gomi [upper Huang He about 50 km upriver of Guide]; syntypes: ZISP 7252 [1], ZISP 7306 [2], ZISP 7312 [5], ZISP 7315 [2], ZISP 7319 [more than 6], ZISP 7371 [1], ZISP 7853 [2], ZISP 7854 [1], ZISP 7855 [1]) Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler. 1874) Diplophysa Strauchii Kessler, 1874: 58, pl. 8 fig. 40 (type locality: Kazakhstan: River Ili, tributary of Lake 1 Balkash, and Ich-Balya River) Nemachilus ulacholicus Anikin, 1905: 3, 18 [of reprint] (type locality: Kirghizistan: Lake Issyk-kul at the mouth of Ulakhol River) Diplophysa strauchi ulacholica var. pedaschenkoi Berg, 1931b: 312, fig. 2 (an infrasubspecific name, not available) Appendix Nemachilus strauchi zaisanicus Menschikov, 1937: 437 (type locality: Kazakhstan: Karasu River at Akdzhar, Tarbagatai District, basin of Lake Zaisan, 40 km from the lake) from Berg, 1949 Nemacheilus strauchi dorsaloides Turdakov, 1947: 155 (type locality: Kirghizistan: Tyupsky Bay of Lake Issyk-kul, USSR) Nemachilus ruzskyi Nekrashevich, 1948: 121 (type locality: Kazakhstan: Lake Alakul, east of Lake Balkash) Nemachilus strauchi reuniens Turdakov, 1952: 57 (type locality: Kirghizistan: Irisu River, tributary of Karkara River [tributary of Charyn River, Lake Balkash basin]) Family Cobitidae (spiny loaches) Iksookimia choii (Kim & Son, 1984) Cobitis choii Kim & Son, 1984: 50, fig. 1 (type locality: South Korea: Chungcheongbug-do Prov.: Miheo- cheon stream, a tributary of Geum River at Yeocheon-ri, Ochang-myon, Cheongwon-gun) Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842) Cobitis anguillicaudata Cantor, 1842: 485 (type locality: China: Chusan Island) 89 e Family Siluridae nomenclatur (wels, sheatfishes) and Silurus soldatovi Nikolski & Soin, 1948 Silurus soldatovi Nikolski & Soin, 1948: 1359, fig. 1 (type locality: Russia: Khabarovskyi Krai: Amur systematics River, Lake Kabar at Elabuga) on comments Family Bagridae (bagrid catfishes) with Pseudomystus herzenszeini (Berg, 1907) ongolia M Macrones herzensteini Berg, 1907b: 421 (type locality: Russia: mouth of Onon River) in occur to Family Gasterosteidae wn (sticklebacks) kno Pungitius sinensis (Guichenot, 1869) shesfi Gasterosteus sinensis Guichenot, 1869: 204, pl. 12 fig. 4 (type locality: China [Yangtze River]) the of Family Percidae check-list (perches) Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758) ongolia--A Perca Cernua Linnaeus, 1758: 294 (based on Linnaeus [1746: 107, n. 286, Perca ... radiis 27], Artedi M of [1738: gen. 40 [80], syn. 68, spec. 77 [40], Perca dorso monopterygio capite ...], Gronovius [1754: 41, n. 94, idem]; type locality: "in Europae lacubus") ishesF Family Cottidae (sculpins) Cottus altaicus Kashchenko, 1899 Cottus poecilopus altaicus Kashchenko, 1899: 151 (type locality: Russia: Altai: Sema River at Cherga/ Ryblushka, a settlement, close to Cherga, on Rybnuskka stream, Katun system/Katun River at Nizhnii Uimon) Cottus dzungaricus Kottelat, 2006 Cottus sibiricus altaicus Li & Ho in Li, Tai, Chang, Ma & Ho, 1966: 49, fig. 2 (type locality: China: Altai, northern Sinkiang; junior primary homonym of Cottus poecilopus altaicus Kashchenko, 1899: 151) Cottus dzungaricus Kottelat, 2006 (see above) (replacement name for Cottus sibiricus altaicus Li & Ho in Li, Tai, Chang, Ma & Ho, 1966: 49) 90 Cottus poecilopus Heckel, 1837 Cottus poecilopus Heckel, 1837: 145, pl. 8 figs. 1-2 (type locality: Slovakia: a hill stream [probably Cerveny; Kottelat, 1997: 169] of the Carpathes [Vysoké Tatry], near Grossschlagendorf [Vel'ky Slavkov] near Käsmark [Kezmarok], Upper Hungary [now Slovakia], Vistula basin) Cottus sibiricus Warpachowski, 1889 Cottus sibiricus Warpachowski, 1889a: 12 (type locality: Russia: River Yenisei at Minusinsk and Abokak [Abakan] [Berg, 1949: 1148 also mentions River Irtysh off Ust-Kamenogorsk, but without evidence]) 1 Appendix 91 Appendix 2: Figures 12 Lethenteron reissneri Image: M. Kottelat Appendix Acipenser baerii Source: Berg, 1911 Acipenser schrenckii Source: Berg, 1911 Hucho taimen juvenile Image: M. Kottelat Hucho taimen Image: Z. Hogan Brachymystax sp. juvenile Image: M. Kottelat Brachymystax lenok Image: J. Schöffmann 93 e nomenclatur and systematics on Brachymystax cf. tumensis Image: J. Schöffmann Coregonus chadary Source: Berg, 1932 comments with ongolia M in occur to wn kno Coregonus migratorius Source: Berg, 1932 Coregonus pidschian Source: Berg, 1932 shesfi the of check-list ongolia--A M of ymallus cf. arcticus Image: M. Kottelat ymallus baicalensis Image: J. Schöffmann ishesF ymallus brevirostris Image: J. Schöffmann ymallus grubii Image: J. Schöffmann ymallus nigrescens Image: M. Kottelat ymallus sp. 1 Image: Erdenebat M. 94 Esox lucius Image: M. Kottelat Esox reichertii Image: Erdenebat M. 12 Appendix Acheilognathus asmussii Image: Erdenebat M. Carassius carassius (?) Image: M. Kottelat Chanodichthys erythropterus Image: M. Kottelat Carassius gibelio Image: Erdenebat M. Chanodichthys mongolicus Source: Berg, 1932 Culter alburnus Source: Berg, 1932 95 e nomenclatur and systematics on Eupallasella percnurus Image: M. Kottelat Cyprinus rubrofuscus (?) Image: M. Kottelat comments with ongolia M in occur to Gobio acutipinnatus wn Image: M. Kottelat kno Gnathopogon strigatus Source: Berg, 1914 shesfi the of check-list ongolia--A M of Gobio cynocephalus Image: M. Kottelat Gobio soldatovi Source: Berg, 1911 ishesF Gobio tenuicorpus Source: Mori, 1934 Gobio sp. Onon Source: Nikolski, 1956 Hemibarbus labeo Source: Berg, 1914 Hemibarbus maculatus Image: M. Kottelat 96 Hemiculter leucisculus Image: M. Kottelat Hemiculter varpachovskii Image: M. Kottelat Ladislavia taczanowskii 12 Image: M. Kottelat Leuciscus baicalensis Image: Erdenebat M. Appendix Leuciscus dzungaricus Image: M. Kottelat Leuciscus idus Image: M. Kottelat Leuciscus waleckii Image: M. Kottelat Microphysogobio anudarini Image: M. Kottelat Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus Image: M. Kottelat Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Image: M. Kottelat 97 e nomenclatur and systematics on Oreoleuciscus humilis Image: M. Kottelat Oreoleuciscus potanini Image: M. Kottelat comments with ongolia M in occur to wn Phoxinus cf. phoxinus Image: M. Kottelat Phoxinus ujmonensis Image: M. Kottelat kno shesfi the of check-list ongolia--A M of Pseudaspius leptocephalus Image: Erdenebat M. Pseudorasbora parva female Image: M. Kottelat ishesF Pseudorasbora parva male Image: M. Kottelat Rhodeus sericeus Source: Berg, 1932 Rhynchocypris czekanowskii Image: M. Kottelat Rhynchocypris lagowskii Image: M. Kottelat 98 Rutilus rutilus Image: M. Kottelat Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi Image: M. Kottelat Saurogobio dabryi Image: M. Kottelat 12 Squalidus chankaensis Image: M. Kottelat Appendix Barbatula compressirostris Image: M. Kottelat Tinca tinca Image: M. Kottelat Barbatula dgebuadzei Image: M. Kottelat Barbatula toni Image: M. Kottelat Barbatula sp. Tuul Image: M. Kottelat Barbatula sp. Egiin Image: M. Kottelat 99 e nomenclatur and systematics on Barbatula altayensis Image: M. Kottelat Lefua costata Image: M. Kottelat comments with ongolia M in occur to wn Triplophysa gundriseri Image: M. Kottelat Triplophysa sp. Tuul Image: M. Kottelat kno shesfi the of check-list Cobitis melanoleuca Image: M. Kottelat Cobitis melanoleuca Image: M. Kottelat ongolia--A M of ishesF Misgurnus mohoity Image: M. Kottelat Silurus asotus Image: M. Kottelat Lota lota Image: M. Kottelat Perca fluviatilis Image: M. Kottelat 100 Cottus szanaga Image: M. Kottelat Mesocottus haitej Source: Berg, 1909 Leocottus kesslerii Source: Berg, 1932 12 Perccottus glenii Source: Berg, 1932 Appendix Coregonus peled Source: Berg, 1932 Coregonus sardinella Source: Berg, 1932 Ctenopharyngodon idella Image: M. Kottelat Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Image: M. Kottelat Silurus soldatovi Source: Nikolski, 1954 101 Addendum Addendum W hile this report was going to press, funding became available for a brief period of fieldwork, unfortunately too late to have the results included here. e present addendum is written in Khovd in the middle of my field trip and mentions a few raw observations on the material obtained. It was decided to include the photographs, although the identifications of several samples are very tentative, made in the field, without access to any literature. Further, a number of species apparently new to science have been observed. Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Material obtained in Airag Lake agrees with my hypothesis that it is a valid species. Oreoleuciscus humilis Material collected at several localities, including at the type locality (Ulaangom), suggests that several discrete species are confused under this name. Material from Baydrag River seems to include two species in sympatry. Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus Material from Lakes Airag and Khyargas does not seem to be conspecific. Barbatula (?) compressirostris A species quite similar to the figure in the original description was observed at many localities in the Khovd River drainage. It agrees with the original description of B. golubtsovi, treated as a synonym of B. compressirostris (see above). Carassius carassius Presence in Bulgan River is confirmed. Barbatula altayensis Presence in Bulgan River is confirmed. At least one other species of Barbatula, still unidentified, is also observed in Bulgan River. Barbatula dgebuadzei Observed only in Baydrag River. ymallus, Phoxinus and Cottus were not observed in Bulgan River. 103 Environment and Social Development East Asia and Pacific Region THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Facsimile: 202 522 1666 E-mail: worldbank.org/eapenvironment worldbank.org/eapsocial