Myanmar, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has the least developed economy in the region(UNDP 2013) despite having some abundant natural resources and a relatively low populationdensity.
... See More + The current level of development is illustrated by Myanmar’s substantial shortfall in energy supply, with only 33 percent of households connected to grid electricity supply.Recognising that access to electricity is an important pillar in raising livelihoods (particularly in rural areas where 70 percent of Myanmar’s poor live) and achieving broad economic development, the Government of Myanmar (GoM) aims to rapidly increase power generation and electrification across the country over the next 10-20 years to provide affordable and reliable energy. Key sector targets include increasing national generation capacity by 500-1,000 MW per year over the next 10 years to reach 16,665 MW of installed capacity, and increasing the electrification rate to 75 percent by 2021/2022, then to 100 percent by 2030, and increasing increase energy exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. In response to the increasing challenges of hydropower planning in Myanmar, and recognising the opportunity to develop a sustainable hydropower sector, GoM, through a partnership between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Australian Government, conducted this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the national hydropower sector as the first stage in basin-wide planning.Myanmar is in a unique position of being able to develop hydropower in an integrated and sustainable manner before significant impacts occur to river systems, balancing the generation of substantial renewable energy to drive the economy and improve livelihoods with the retention of important biophysical processes and values and socio-economic benefits for current and future generations.
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Working Paper 134197 JAN 30, 2019
Lazarus,Kate M.; Cardinale,Pablo; Corbett,Matthew; Lin,Naung San; Noeske,Tiffany Kay HackerDisclosed
Myanmar, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has the least developed economy in the region(UNDP 2013) despite having some abundant natural resources and a relatively low populationdensity.
... See More + The current level of development is illustrated by Myanmar’s substantial shortfall in energy supply, with only 33 percent of households connected to grid electricity supply.Recognising that access to electricity is an important pillar in raising livelihoods (particularly in rural areas where 70 percent of Myanmar’s poor live) and achieving broad economic development, the Government of Myanmar (GoM) aims to rapidly increase power generation and electrification across the country over the next 10-20 years to provide affordable and reliable energy. Key sector targets include increasing national generation capacity by 500-1,000 MW per year over the next 10 years to reach 16,665 MW of installed capacity, and increasing the electrification rate to 75 percent by 2021/2022, then to 100 percent by 2030, and increasing increase energy exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. In response to the increasing challenges of hydropower planning in Myanmar, and recognising the opportunity to develop a sustainable hydropower sector, GoM, through a partnership between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Australian Government, conducted this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the national hydropower sector as the first stage in basin-wide planning.Myanmar is in a unique position of being able to develop hydropower in an integrated and sustainable manner before significant impacts occur to river systems, balancing the generation of substantial renewable energy to drive the economy and improve livelihoods with the retention of important biophysical processes and values and socio-economic benefits for current and future generations.
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Working Paper 134197 JAN 30, 2019
Lazarus,Kate M.; Cardinale,Pablo; Corbett,Matthew; Lin,Naung San; Noeske,Tiffany Kay HackerDisclosed
Myanmar, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has the least developed economy in the region(UNDP 2013) despite having some abundant natural resources and a relatively low populationdensity.
... See More + The current level of development is illustrated by Myanmar’s substantial shortfall in energy supply, with only 33 percent of households connected to grid electricity supply.Recognising that access to electricity is an important pillar in raising livelihoods (particularly in rural areas where 70 percent of Myanmar’s poor live) and achieving broad economic development, the Government of Myanmar (GoM) aims to rapidly increase power generation and electrification across the country over the next 10-20 years to provide affordable and reliable energy. Key sector targets include increasing national generation capacity by 500-1,000 MW per year over the next 10 years to reach 16,665 MW of installed capacity, and increasing the electrification rate to 75 percent by 2021/2022, then to 100 percent by 2030, and increasing increase energy exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. In response to the increasing challenges of hydropower planning in Myanmar, and recognising the opportunity to develop a sustainable hydropower sector, GoM, through a partnership between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Australian Government, conducted this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the national hydropower sector as the first stage in basin-wide planning.Myanmar is in a unique position of being able to develop hydropower in an integrated and sustainable manner before significant impacts occur to river systems, balancing the generation of substantial renewable energy to drive the economy and improve livelihoods with the retention of important biophysical processes and values and socio-economic benefits for current and future generations.
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Working Paper 134197 JAN 30, 2019
Lazarus,Kate M.; Cardinale,Pablo; Corbett,Matthew; Lin,Naung San; Noeske,Tiffany Kay HackerDisclosed
Myanmar, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has the least developed economy in the region(UNDP 2013) despite having some abundant natural resources and a relatively low populationdensity.
... See More + The current level of development is illustrated by Myanmar’s substantial shortfall in energy supply, with only 33 percent of households connected to grid electricity supply.Recognising that access to electricity is an important pillar in raising livelihoods (particularly in rural areas where 70 percent of Myanmar’s poor live) and achieving broad economic development, the Government of Myanmar (GoM) aims to rapidly increase power generation and electrification across the country over the next 10-20 years to provide affordable and reliable energy. Key sector targets include increasing national generation capacity by 500-1,000 MW per year over the next 10 years to reach 16,665 MW of installed capacity, and increasing the electrification rate to 75 percent by 2021/2022, then to 100 percent by 2030, and increasing increase energy exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. In response to the increasing challenges of hydropower planning in Myanmar, and recognising the opportunity to develop a sustainable hydropower sector, GoM, through a partnership between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Australian Government, conducted this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the national hydropower sector as the first stage in basin-wide planning.Myanmar is in a unique position of being able to develop hydropower in an integrated and sustainable manner before significant impacts occur to river systems, balancing the generation of substantial renewable energy to drive the economy and improve livelihoods with the retention of important biophysical processes and values and socio-economic benefits for current and future generations.
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Working Paper 134197 JAN 30, 2019
Lazarus,Kate M.; Cardinale,Pablo; Corbett,Matthew; Lin,Naung San; Noeske,Tiffany Kay HackerDisclosed
Myanmar, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has the least developed economy in the region(UNDP 2013) despite having some abundant natural resources and a relatively low populationdensity.
... See More + The current level of development is illustrated by Myanmar’s substantial shortfall in energy supply, with only 33 percent of households connected to grid electricity supply.Recognising that access to electricity is an important pillar in raising livelihoods (particularly in rural areas where 70 percent of Myanmar’s poor live) and achieving broad economic development, the Government of Myanmar (GoM) aims to rapidly increase power generation and electrification across the country over the next 10-20 years to provide affordable and reliable energy. Key sector targets include increasing national generation capacity by 500-1,000 MW per year over the next 10 years to reach 16,665 MW of installed capacity, and increasing the electrification rate to 75 percent by 2021/2022, then to 100 percent by 2030, and increasing increase energy exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. In response to the increasing challenges of hydropower planning in Myanmar, and recognising the opportunity to develop a sustainable hydropower sector, GoM, through a partnership between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Australian Government, conducted this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the national hydropower sector as the first stage in basin-wide planning.Myanmar is in a unique position of being able to develop hydropower in an integrated and sustainable manner before significant impacts occur to river systems, balancing the generation of substantial renewable energy to drive the economy and improve livelihoods with the retention of important biophysical processes and values and socio-economic benefits for current and future generations.
See Less -
Working Paper 134197 JAN 30, 2019
Lazarus,Kate M.; Cardinale,Pablo; Corbett,Matthew; Lin,Naung San; Noeske,Tiffany Kay HackerDisclosed
Myanmar, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has the least developed economy in the region(UNDP 2013) despite having some abundant natural resources and a relatively low populationdensity.
... See More + The current level of development is illustrated by Myanmar’s substantial shortfall in energy supply, with only 33 percent of households connected to grid electricity supply.Recognising that access to electricity is an important pillar in raising livelihoods (particularly in rural areas where 70 percent of Myanmar’s poor live) and achieving broad economic development, the Government of Myanmar (GoM) aims to rapidly increase power generation and electrification across the country over the next 10-20 years to provide affordable and reliable energy. Key sector targets include increasing national generation capacity by 500-1,000 MW per year over the next 10 years to reach 16,665 MW of installed capacity, and increasing the electrification rate to 75 percent by 2021/2022, then to 100 percent by 2030, and increasing increase energy exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. In response to the increasing challenges of hydropower planning in Myanmar, and recognising the opportunity to develop a sustainable hydropower sector, GoM, through a partnership between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Australian Government, conducted this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the national hydropower sector as the first stage in basin-wide planning.Myanmar is in a unique position of being able to develop hydropower in an integrated and sustainable manner before significant impacts occur to river systems, balancing the generation of substantial renewable energy to drive the economy and improve livelihoods with the retention of important biophysical processes and values and socio-economic benefits for current and future generations.
See Less -
Working Paper 134197 JAN 30, 2019
Lazarus,Kate M.; Cardinale,Pablo; Corbett,Matthew; Lin,Naung San; Noeske,Tiffany Kay HackerDisclosed
Myanmar, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has the least developed economy in the region(UNDP 2013) despite having some abundant natural resources and a relatively low populationdensity.
... See More + The current level of development is illustrated by Myanmar’s substantial shortfall in energy supply, with only 33 percent of households connected to grid electricity supply.Recognising that access to electricity is an important pillar in raising livelihoods (particularly in rural areas where 70 percent of Myanmar’s poor live) and achieving broad economic development, the Government of Myanmar (GoM) aims to rapidly increase power generation and electrification across the country over the next 10-20 years to provide affordable and reliable energy. Key sector targets include increasing national generation capacity by 500-1,000 MW per year over the next 10 years to reach 16,665 MW of installed capacity, and increasing the electrification rate to 75 percent by 2021/2022, then to 100 percent by 2030, and increasing increase energy exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. In response to the increasing challenges of hydropower planning in Myanmar, and recognising the opportunity to develop a sustainable hydropower sector, GoM, through a partnership between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Australian Government, conducted this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the national hydropower sector as the first stage in basin-wide planning.Myanmar is in a unique position of being able to develop hydropower in an integrated and sustainable manner before significant impacts occur to river systems, balancing the generation of substantial renewable energy to drive the economy and improve livelihoods with the retention of important biophysical processes and values and socio-economic benefits for current and future generations.
See Less -
Working Paper 134197 JAN 30, 2019
Lazarus,Kate M.; Cardinale,Pablo; Corbett,Matthew; Lin,Naung San; Noeske,Tiffany Kay HackerDisclosed
Myanmar, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has the least developed economy in the region(UNDP 2013) despite having some abundant natural resources and a relatively low populationdensity.
... See More + The current level of development is illustrated by Myanmar’s substantial shortfall in energy supply, with only 33 percent of households connected to grid electricity supply.Recognising that access to electricity is an important pillar in raising livelihoods (particularly in rural areas where 70 percent of Myanmar’s poor live) and achieving broad economic development, the Government of Myanmar (GoM) aims to rapidly increase power generation and electrification across the country over the next 10-20 years to provide affordable and reliable energy. Key sector targets include increasing national generation capacity by 500-1,000 MW per year over the next 10 years to reach 16,665 MW of installed capacity, and increasing the electrification rate to 75 percent by 2021/2022, then to 100 percent by 2030, and increasing increase energy exports to increase foreign exchange earnings. In response to the increasing challenges of hydropower planning in Myanmar, and recognising the opportunity to develop a sustainable hydropower sector, GoM, through a partnership between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC), with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Australian Government, conducted this Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the national hydropower sector as the first stage in basin-wide planning.Myanmar is in a unique position of being able to develop hydropower in an integrated and sustainable manner before significant impacts occur to river systems, balancing the generation of substantial renewable energy to drive the economy and improve livelihoods with the retention of important biophysical processes and values and socio-economic benefits for current and future generations.
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Working Paper 134197 JAN 30, 2019
Lazarus,Kate M.; Cardinale,Pablo; Corbett,Matthew; Lin,Naung San; Noeske,Tiffany Kay HackerDisclosed
This paper sheds light on key innovation patterns and constraints within a selected set of developing East Asian countries (Cambodia, China, Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam).
... See More + It follows a comprehensive approach about national innovation systems while highlighting the supply and demand dimensions of innovation as well as the markets where firms make accumulation decisions for different forms of capital (knowledge capital, human capital. and physical capital). The paper presents a set of empirical exercises drawing from various data sets. The results corroborate the idea of the importance of adopting a broad view of innovation policy and investing in missing complementary factors. Although investment in research and development is key to boost innovation, it is also crucial to have business and regulatory environments that are conducive to overall firm performance and capital accumulation (not only knowledge capital), as they are expected to improve innovation returns. In addition, the results suggest that other innovation inputs aside from research and development matter for innovation activities, such as training for innovative activities, acquisition/licensing of technology, and managerial practices.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8706 JAN 17, 2019
The Myanmar hydropower sector, in the early stages of development, has the opportunity to develop sustainably by balancing electricity generation with environmental and social outcomes.
... See More + The country is currently following a conventional hydropower development process, with individual projects identified and approved without due consideration of the overall cumulative impacts that multiple projects and other pressures have on the river basin. In many countries this process has resulted in most major rivers and tributaries suitable for hydropower being developed, regulating these watercourses for 50-100 years and beyond. Significant cumulative impacts on basin health and related ecosystem services have resulted, with minimal opportunity available to lessen these impacts. This strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of the Myanmar hydropower sector considers environmental and social values at the river basin level, recommending an approach to achieve sustainable hydropower development. The SEA recommends moving the initial planning focus away from individual projects to basin health to plan a sustainable sector development.
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The Myanmar hydropower sector, in the early stages of development, has the opportunity to develop sustainably by balancing electricity generation with environmental and social outcomes.
... See More + The country is currently following a conventional hydropower development process, with individual projects identified and approved without due consideration of the overall cumulative impacts that multiple projects and other pressures have on the river basin. In many countries this process has resulted in most major rivers and tributaries suitable for hydropower being developed, regulating these watercourses for 50-100 years and beyond. Significant cumulative impacts on basin health and related ecosystem services have resulted, with minimal opportunity available to lessen these impacts. This strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of the Myanmar hydropower sector considers environmental and social values at the river basin level, recommending an approach to achieve sustainable hydropower development. The SEA recommends moving the initial planning focus away from individual projects to basin health to plan a sustainable sector development.
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Myanmar has immense hydropower potential. Despite its hydropower potential, rich biodiversity and natural resources, Myanmar remains the least developed economy in Southeast Asia.
... See More + An strategic environmental assessment (SEA) provides a valuable tool to plan balanced hydropower development in a watershed or nationally early in the planning process. The SEA is aiming to develop a sustainable hydropower development pathway in Myanmar.The overall objectives of this SEA are to i) define a sustainable development pathway for hydropower in Myanmar over the next twenty years and beyond; ii) achieve broad consensus on this pathway, based on environmental, social and economic considerations; and iii) promote long-term economic development and sustainable use and protection of natural resources and ecosystems.
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The Myanmar hydropower sector, in the early stages of development, has the opportunity to develop sustainably by balancing electricity generation with environmental and social outcomes.
... See More + The country is currently following a conventional hydropower development process, with individual projects identified and approved without due consideration of the overall cumulative impacts that multiple projects and other pressures have on the river basin. In many countries this process has resulted in most major rivers and tributaries suitable for hydropower being developed, regulating these watercourses for 50-100 years and beyond. Significant cumulative impacts on basin health and related ecosystem services have resulted, with minimal opportunity available to lessen these impacts. This strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of the Myanmar hydropower sector considers environmental and social values at the river basin level, recommending an approach to achieve sustainable hydropower development. The SEA recommends moving the initial planning focus away from individual projects to basin health to plan a sustainable sector development.
See Less -
The Myanmar hydropower sector, in the early stages of development, has the opportunity to develop sustainably by balancing electricity generation with environmental and social outcomes.
... See More + The country is currently following a conventional hydropower development process, with individual projects identified and approved without due consideration of the overall cumulative impacts that multiple projects and other pressures have on the river basin. In many countries this process has resulted in most major rivers and tributaries suitable for hydropower being developed, regulating these watercourses for 50-100 years and beyond. Significant cumulative impacts on basin health and related ecosystem services have resulted, with minimal opportunity available to lessen these impacts. This strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of the Myanmar hydropower sector considers environmental and social values at the river basin level, recommending an approach to achieve sustainable hydropower development. The SEA recommends moving the initial planning focus away from individual projects to basin health to plan a sustainable sector development.
See Less -
The Myanmar hydropower sector, in the early stages of development, has the opportunity to develop sustainably by balancing electricity generation with environmental and social outcomes.
... See More + The country is currently following a conventional hydropower development process, with individual projects identified and approved without due consideration of the overall cumulative impacts that multiple projects and other pressures have on the river basin. In many countries this process has resulted in most major rivers and tributaries suitable for hydropower being developed, regulating these watercourses for 50-100 years and beyond. Significant cumulative impacts on basin health and related ecosystem services have resulted, with minimal opportunity available to lessen these impacts. This strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of the Myanmar hydropower sector considers environmental and social values at the river basin level, recommending an approach to achieve sustainable hydropower development. The SEA recommends moving the initial planning focus away from individual projects to basin health to plan a sustainable sector development.
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Myanmar has immense hydropower potential. Despite its hydropower potential, rich biodiversity and natural resources, Myanmar remains the least developed economy in Southeast Asia.
... See More + An strategic environmental assessment (SEA) provides a valuable tool to plan balanced hydropower development in a watershed or nationally early in the planning process. The SEA is aiming to develop a sustainable hydropower development pathway in Myanmar. Conducting the SEA before major project decisions are made means it can have a real influence in shaping hydropower development and watershed management at the early stages of planning. The approach the SEA is taking is to conduct as many consultative events as possible in decentralized locations which are a key focus for planned hydropower. Through the various measures, the SEA will seek to maximize stakeholder involvement in each phase of the process recognizing it is a strategic tool and will establish the framework and direction for future more intensive and site specific consultations with a broader range of stakeholders as the basin development planning process moves forward.
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This report analyzes welfare in Myanmar using a multidimensional approach, and focuses on examining whether people are unable to fulfil their basic needs in a variety of non-monetary dimensions.
... See More + Multidimensional approaches typically use a range of indicators to assess whether people are unable to fulfil their basic needs—i.e. whether they face disadvantages in single or multiple dimensions or are free of any disadvantage. The concept of multidimensional welfare measurement has gained widespread support and recognition; for example, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize the importance of ending "poverty in all its dimensions" (SDG 1) and other SDGs point to a shared concern with disadvantage in multiple non-monetary dimensions, including hunger (SDG 2), health (SDG 3), education (SDG 4), gender (SDG 5), water and sanitation (SDG 6), growth and decent work (SDG 8), inequality (SDG 10), and peace and justice (SDG 16). The main objective of this assessment is to derive indicators of welfare at the township level that can support an improved understanding of the spatial distribution of welfare in Myanmar. The report uses the 2014 Population and Housing Census data to do so, which contain information on education, health, housing, energy use and assets for all households and individuals in Myanmar. As the Census covers the whole population of Myanmar, a major advantage of using these data is that it is possible to construct a highly disaggregated profile of multidimensional welfare.
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This report analyzes welfare in Myanmar using a multidimensional approach, and focuses on examining whether people are unable to fulfil their basic needs in a variety of non-monetary dimensions.
... See More + Multidimensional approaches typically use a range of indicators to assess whether people are unable to fulfil their basic needs—i.e. whether they face disadvantages in single or multiple dimensions or are free of any disadvantage. The concept of multidimensional welfare measurement has gained widespread support and recognition; for example, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize the importance of ending "poverty in all its dimensions" (SDG 1) and other SDGs point to a shared concern with disadvantage in multiple non-monetary dimensions, including hunger (SDG 2), health (SDG 3), education (SDG 4), gender (SDG 5), water and sanitation (SDG 6), growth and decent work (SDG 8), inequality (SDG 10), and peace and justice (SDG 16). The main objective of this assessment is to derive indicators of welfare at the township level that can support an improved understanding of the spatial distribution of welfare in Myanmar. The report uses the 2014 Population and Housing Census data to do so, which contain information on education, health, housing, energy use and assets for all households and individuals in Myanmar. As the Census covers the whole population of Myanmar, a major advantage of using these data is that it is possible to construct a highly disaggregated profile of multidimensional welfare.
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Myanmar's economy is navigating significant uncertainty and risks at home and abroad. A year after violent upheaval in Rakhine State led to the forced displacement of over seven hundred thousand refugees to Bangladesh, limited progress has been made in resolving fundamental issues relating to rights, repatriation and recovery.
... See More + Global economic and trade prospects have also become more uncertain. Myanmar's economic growth is expected to slow from 6.8 percent in 2017/18 to 6.2 percent in 2018/19, which is still robust by regional and global standards. Macroeconomic volatility has intensified since the May 2018 Myanmar Economic Monitor, with inflation breaching two-year highs in August 2018, and the kyat depreciating by 18 percent against the U.S. dollar since April. Growth is projected to recover to 6.6 percent by 2020/21, helped by recent policy changes such as the adoption of the Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan, liberalization of wholesale and retail trade, implementation of the Myanmar Companies Law and large investments in infrastructure projects including those related to the Belt and Road Initiative. Risks to the outlook are tilted to the downside due to the possibility of a global slowdown in trade, domestic macroeconomic imbalances, and the loss of trade-related preferences to the European Union.
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Sixteenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2019 covers 11 areas of business regulation.
... See More + Ten of these areas - starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency - are included in the ease of doing business score and ease of doing business ranking. Doing Business also measures features of labor market regulation, which is not included in these two measures. Doing Business provides objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies and selected cities at the subnational and regional level. This economy profile presents indicators for Myanmar; for 2019 Myanmar ranks 171.
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