European countries increasingly focus on enhancing access to and strengthening explicit linkages between benefits and essential services to create synergies, avoid dependency of low income families on allowances, and promote labor market participation of the inactive and vulnerable population.
... See More + In order to facilitate access to support people need, Member States are advised to work on better coordination of social benefits and services to reduce poverty and support social and labor integration. This report defines essential services as education, health, and social, child protection and employment services, and social benefits as non-contributory cash allowances. Available evidence suggests that there is substantial scope to improve the effectiveness of essential services and benefits in Bulgaria, and that only partial coverage of vulnerable groups and limited progress in poverty reduction have been achieved. The system has substantial quantity and quality gaps in coverage, especially for the bottom 20 percent of the population. The essential services and benefits provide unbalanced responses to different vulnerabilities, and are particularly unsuccessful in offering the poor population an adequate level of support.
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Doing business 2020 is the 17th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
... See More + Doing business presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights that can be compared across 190 economies - from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe - and over time. Regulations affecting 12 areas of the life of a business are covered: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, employing workers, and contracting with the government. The employing workers and contracting with the government indicator sets are not included in this year’s ranking on the ease of doing business. Data in doing business 2020 are current as of May 1, 2019. The indicators are used to analyze economic outcomes and identify what reforms of business regulation have worked, where, and why. This economy profile presents indicators for Bulgaria; for 2020, Bulgaria ranks 61.
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This policy note is developed with the aim to inform the planning and implementation of the policy goals toward parenting support in Bulgaria. First, it summarizes the trends and concepts in parenting policies that influence the evolution of programs across Europe and other countries.
... See More + Second, it offers a brief review of parenting components under the public policies in Bulgaria to foster discussions on the policy arrangements and implementation programs design needed to strengthen the outcomes of the existing systems and human development policies. Possible entry points across sector services, that can be easily employed to initiate positive and flexible programs are discussed. Finally, possible steps for parenting support development are proposed together with 19 examples for parenting policies from European counties. The examples include national strategies and programs approaches, parenting support delivery and an information campaign, collected in the Annex as a reference and program development support tool.
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This policy brief is exploring the state of the human capital in Bulgaria by positioning the HCI as a baseline for analyzing the differences and gaps with respect to other comparator countries in the region.
... See More + The document proposes a focused discussion on education policy outcomes identified as key area of policy investments that can significantly boost the productivity and human potential together with improvements in required health outcomes. Education policy actions are needed in several areas: expanding access and improving quality of preschool education, rethinking the student tracking functions of the education system to provide better opportunities for all, strengthening education financing, promoting school improvement policies to target learning, and investing in teacher policies.
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This policy note is developed with the aim to inform the planning and implementation of the policy goals toward parenting support in Bulgaria. First, it summarizes the trends and concepts in parenting policies that influence the evolution of programs across Europe and other countries.
... See More + Second, it offers a brief review of parenting components under the public policies in Bulgaria to foster discussions on the policy arrangements and implementation programs design needed to strengthen the outcomes of the existing systems and human development policies. Possible entry points across sector services, that can be easily employed to initiate positive and flexible programs are discussed. Finally, possible steps for parenting support development are proposed together with 19 examples for parenting policies from European counties. The examples include national strategies and programs approaches, parenting support delivery and an information campaign, collected in the Annex as a reference and program development support tool.
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This policy brief is exploring the state of the human capital in Bulgaria by positioning the HCI as a baseline for analyzing the differences and gaps with respect to other comparator countries in the region.
... See More + The document proposes a focused discussion on education policy outcomes identified as key area of policy investments that can significantly boost the productivity and human potential together with improvements in required health outcomes. Education policy actions are needed in several areas: expanding access and improving quality of preschool education, rethinking the student tracking functions of the education system to provide better opportunities for all, strengthening education financing, promoting school improvement policies to target learning, and investing in teacher policies.
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In parts of Asia, South Caucasus, and the Balkans, son preference is strong enough to trigger significant levels of sex selection, result in the excess mortality of girls, and skew child sex ratios in favor of boys.
... See More + Every year, 1.8 million girls under the age of five go “missing” because of the widespread use of sex selective practices in these regions. The pervasive use of such practices is reflective of the striking inequities girls face today, and it also has negative implications for efforts to improve women's status in the long term. Consequently, governments of countries in these regions have employed direct measures, such as banning the use of prenatal sex selection technology and providing financial incentives to families that have girls. This paper takes stock of the direct measures used across countries grappling with skewed child sex ratios and compares the efficacy of direct measures with measures that indirectly raise the value of daughters. The stocktaking suggests that there is no conclusive evidence that direct approaches reduce the higher mortality risk for girls. Bans on the use of sex selection technology may inadvertently worsen the status of the very individuals they intend to protect, and financial incentives to families with girls offer short-term benefits at most. Alternatively, indirect measures, such as legal reform to promote gender equity and advocacy efforts, offer more promise by bringing about permanent shifts in the relative value of daughters. The stocktaking also underscores the paucity of causal studies in this literature.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8635 NOV 01, 2018
Sixteenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2019 covers 11 areas of business regulation.
... See More + Ten of these areas - starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency - are included in the ease of doing business score and ease of doing business ranking. Doing Business also measures features of labor market regulation, which is not included in these two measures. Doing Business provides objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies and selected cities at the subnational and regional level. This economy profile presents indicators for Bulgaria; for 2019 Bulgaria ranks 59.
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Many innovative start-ups and small and medium-size enterprises have good ideas, but do not have these ideas fine-tuned to the stage where they can attract outside funding.
... See More + Investment readiness programs attempt to help firms to become ready to attract and accept outside equity funding through a combination of training, mentoring, master classes, and networking. This study conducted a five-country randomized experiment in the Western Balkans that worked with 346 firms and delivered an investment readiness program to half of the firms, with the control group receiving an inexpensive online program instead. A pitch event was then held for these firms to pitch their ideas to independent judges. The investment readiness program resulted in a 0.3 standard deviation increase in the investment readiness score, with this increase occurring throughout the distribution. Two follow-up surveys show that the judges' scores predicted investment readiness and investment outcomes over the subsequent two years. Treated firms attained significantly more media attention and were 5 percentage points more likely to have made a deal with an outside investor, although this increase is not statistically significant (95 confidence interval of -4.7 to +14.7 percentage points).
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8541 AUG 06, 2018
In 2016, the Government of Bulgaria (GoB) decided to initiate spending reviews to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its spending in the context of a moderate fiscal consolidation process.
... See More + Though Bulgaria has one of the lowest overall spending in the European Union (EU), spending outcomes lag those of other EU member states. In the case of public order and safety, Bulgaria spends the most among comparable EU countries but outcomes are not satisfactory. Surveys show that citizens have low confidence on the effectiveness of police. Police and firefighters in turn, have said that their effectiveness is constrained by the condition of equipment, excessive time spent on paperwork, additional responsibilities imposed in the frequently changed legislation, and by curtailed staff benefits. To help address these challenges the Ministry of Finance (MoF) requested analytical and advisory support from the World Bank. Such support was intended to identify spending pressures and potential efficiency and effectiveness gains in policing and firefighting. In contrast to most spending reviews, where saving targets are identified upfront and the primary objective is to find ways of reducing the budget, the primary objective of this review is to increase performance and use any savings derived from efficiency gains for additional priority spending on policing and firefighting.
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European countries increasingly focus on enhancing access to and strengthening explicit linkages between benefits and essential services to create synergies, avoid dependency of low income families on allowances, and promote labor market participation of the inactive and vulnerable population.
... See More + In order to facilitate access to support people need, Member States are advised to work on better coordination of social benefits and services to reduce poverty and support social and labor integration. This report defines essential services as education, health, and social, child protection and employment services, and social benefits as non-contributory cash allowances. Available evidence suggests that there is substantial scope to improve the effectiveness of essential services and benefits in Bulgaria, and that only partial coverage of vulnerable groups and limited progress in poverty reduction have been achieved. The system has substantial quantity and quality gaps in coverage, especially for the bottom 20 percent of the population. The essential services and benefits provide unbalanced responses to different vulnerabilities, and are particularly unsuccessful in offering the poor population an adequate level of support.
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In 2016, the Government of Bulgaria (GoB) decided to initiate spending reviews to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its spending in the context of a moderate fiscal consolidation process.
... See More + Though Bulgaria has one of the lowest overall spending in the European Union (EU), spending outcomes lag those of other EU member states. In the case of public order and safety, Bulgaria spends the most among comparable EU countries but outcomes are not satisfactory. Surveys show that citizens have low confidence on the effectiveness of police. Police and firefighters in turn, have said that their effectiveness is constrained by the condition of equipment, excessive time spent on paperwork, additional responsibilities imposed in the frequently changed legislation, and by curtailed staff benefits. To help address these challenges the Ministry of Finance (MoF) requested analytical and advisory support from the World Bank. Such support was intended to identify spending pressures and potential efficiency and effectiveness gains in policing and firefighting. In contrast to most spending reviews, where saving targets are identified upfront and the primary objective is to find ways of reducing the budget, the primary objective of this review is to increase performance and use any savings derived from efficiency gains for additional priority spending on policing and firefighting.
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The Country Opinion Survey in Bulgaria assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Bulgaria perceive the WBG.
... See More + It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Bulgaria on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Bulgaria; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Bulgaria; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Bulgaria; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Bulgaria.
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Giving children access to quality early education can help prepare them for primary school by strengthening their physical, cognitive and socio-emotional development.
... See More + But many children, especially those from poor and otherwise disadvantaged families, don't have the opportunity to attend preschool. Their families may not be able to afford to send them, may not recognize the importance of early education or may not have access to a quality program. To help all children have the same opportunity to benefit from early education, some programs try to improve children's enrollment in preschool. But what's the most cost-effective way to do this and will all children benefit from earlier access to early childhood education programs?
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Bulgaria has a concentrated but growing HIV epidemic, in which HIV prevalence increased among all population groups over the past decade. This increasing trend in HIV prevalence is particularly marked among men who have sex with men (MSM).
... See More + For men and women who inject drugs, assuming stable behaviors and program coverage, HIV prevalence is expected to remain above eight percent and five percent respectively. There is an urgent need to shift additional domestic resources towards HIV. Bulgaria was already financing sixty-seven percent of its HIV/AIDS response in 2014 with domestic funding. However, there is an urgent need to fill resource gaps in the overall HIV budget envelope with increased domestic financing. Current annual spending will not, according to this analysis, be sufficient to realise the proposed national strategic plan and international targets. The budget will need to be increased to achieve these targets and the increase will need to be larger if technical and allocative efficiency gains are not made. Bulgaria's HIV response requires a shared, long-term vision for sustainable HIV financing that harnesses wider health sector reforms and emerging financing models.
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Doing Business 2018 is the 15th in a series of annual reports investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
... See More + This economy profile presents the Doing Business indicators for Bulgaria. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on business regulation and the protection of property rights that can be compared across 190 economies; for 2018 Bulgaria ranks 50. Doing Business measures aspects of regulation affecting 11 areas of the life of a business. Ten of these areas are included in this year’s ranking on the ease of doing business: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. Doing Business also measures features of labor market regulation, which is not included in this year’s ranking. Data in Doing Business 2018 are current as of June 1, 2017. The indicators are used to analyze economic outcomes and identify what reforms of business regulation have worked, where, and why.
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Bulgaria’s housing sector provides a window into the broader issues of the country’s social, and economic transformation. This process has been difficult, and, as was the case in many transition countries, one of the main problem areas has been the housing sector.
... See More + While the government has played an active role in reforming the housing sector since 2004, and continued with initiatives to improve energy efficiency in residential buildings, new sectoral problems have emerged. Vacancy rates are extremely high, affordability concerns have intensified, and household mobility is one of the lowest among transition countries. As a result, the government is about to embark on a housing strategy, one that seeks to address the emerging issues with a particular emphasis on how this sector’s functioning interacts with and affects the broader economy. This rapid assessment of Bulgaria’s housing sector attempts to inform the country’s forthcoming strategy. It brings together information on how the sector has performed, and relies upon the international experience, and particularly the experience of other transition economies, to set the stage for the prospective Strategy’s deeper probe. Bulgaria followed a Soviet style planning approach that created one of the world’s most over industrialized economies. In following this approach, it expanded many cities to service what are now bankrupt heavy industries. The result is that today the employment prospects in many locations remain dim, particularly where state-owned factories of the old regime have closed. This has resulted in massive population shifts, with some villages and towns facing complete abandonment. The country has a large ageing population, and is also experiencing one of the world’s sharpest reductions in population. Population has declined by almost 20 percent since 1989, and this trend is likely to intensify over the next two decades.
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Working Paper 116518 JUN 19, 2017
000022813:Delphine Alberta Hamilton:dhamilto; orldbank.org;BulgarianDisclosed
Bulgaria’s housing sector provides a window into the broader issues of the country’s social, and economic transformation. This process has been difficult, and, as was the case in many transition countries, one of the main problem areas has been the housing sector.
... See More + While the government has played an active role in reforming the housing sector since 2004, and continued with initiatives to improve energy efficiency in residential buildings, new sectoral problems have emerged. Vacancy rates are extremely high, affordability concerns have intensified, and household mobility is one of the lowest among transition countries. As a result, the government is about to embark on a housing strategy, one that seeks to address the emerging issues with a particular emphasis on how this sector’s functioning interacts with and affects the broader economy. This rapid assessment of Bulgaria’s housing sector attempts to inform the country’s forthcoming strategy. It brings together information on how the sector has performed, and relies upon the international experience, and particularly the experience of other transition economies, to set the stage for the prospective Strategy’s deeper probe. Bulgaria followed a Soviet style planning approach that created one of the world’s most over industrialized economies. In following this approach, it expanded many cities to service what are now bankrupt heavy industries. The result is that today the employment prospects in many locations remain dim, particularly where state-owned factories of the old regime have closed. This has resulted in massive population shifts, with some villages and towns facing complete abandonment. The country has a large ageing population, and is also experiencing one of the world’s sharpest reductions in population. Population has declined by almost 20 percent since 1989, and this trend is likely to intensify over the next two decades.
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This paper presents findings from a large scale multi-arm randomized control trial implemented in 2014-2015 across 236 poor settlements across Bulgaria with the aim to improve full-day kindergarten participation of poor children, especially Roma and Turkish.
... See More + It finds that removing the costs of kindergarten reduced the share of children aged 3-6 not registered in kindergarten by half – while also significantly increasing attendance by about 20 percent. Additional financial incentives of either BGN7 or BGN20 monthly conditional on attendance had no clear impact on registration and attendance. Organizing community meetings to provide information about the importance of kindergarten also did not impact participation in kindergarten, although it slightly improved parental perceptions of the benefit of kindergarten and raised parental aspirations for their children – especially girls. Overall, removing kindergarten costs was thus the most cost-effective strategy to increase kindergarten participation. However, the effect on short-term child development – emergent literacy, numeracy, motor and socio-emotional skills – is mixed: slightly positive for Bulgarian children, while negative for Roma and Turkish children. These results suggest that all children may not immediately benefit from kindergarten, especially minority children who may need additional support to successfully transition to, and benefit from, kindergarten.
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