The Arab Spring protest marked the beginning of a new era in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2011. Minor public protests began almost immediately after the initial protests in Cairo in January 2011. ... See More + The first large demonstrations began two months later in March, and the following months saw a process of escalation as demonstrations spread and increased in size within the country. By the summer of 2011, the armed conflict was already unfolding. Now in its sixth year, the Syrian conflict remains active and is bringing much pain and tragedy on a daily basis. This study provides an assessment of the conflict's impact on economic and social outcomes in Syria as of early 2017. Conflicts destroy tangible and intangible assets and leave deep marks on a country's social fabric, culture, and collective memories. The Syrian conflict has quickly become a particularly harsh example of this.  See Less -

Document Type: Working Paper Report No.: 117331 Document Date: JUL 01, 2017

Author: Onder,Harun; Hayati,Fayavar; Sayeed, Haneen Ismael; Dajani,Ibrahim Khalil; Mousley,Peter J.; Pande,Aakanksha; Al-Aghbari,Abdulhakim Ali Ahmed; Talbi,Amal; Jagerskog,Lars Anders; Petrelli,Andrea; Judaprawira,Andrew James; Elzir,Angela; Lisulo,Angela S.; Vodopyanov,Anya; Wee,Asbjorn Haland; Maseeh,Ashwaq Natiq; Hexeberg,Barbro E.; Letica,Bartol; Shamsiev,Bekzod; Bollag,Burton S.; Rossotto,Carlo Maria; Stephan,David Andrew; Robalino,David A.; Sharma,Dhiraj; Merotto,Dino Leonardo; De Waal,Dominick Revell; Verner,Dorte; Ozcelik,Ece Amber; Fuli,Ejona; Artuc,Erhan; Metreau,Eric Roland; Ozveren,Eyup; Yamaguchi,Hiromi; Fearon,James D.; Von Der Goltz,Jan; Huenteler,Joern Torsten; Valdes Martinez,Jose Pablo; Aoun,Joy-Fares; Osorio-Rodarte,Israel; Garber,Kent David; Salmon,Kinley Clemens; Hamilton,Kirk E.; Ueda,Kohei; Fares,Lina; Stewart,Lisa Ann; Quota,Manal Bakur N; Maourani,Mohamed Ali; Assaf,Nabila; Maherali,Natasha Karim Lutfali; Prettitore,Paul Scott; Mcconaghy,Peter; Shah,Phoram; Nasr,Rabie; Arshad,Raja Rehan; Garcia,Raffi Enmanuel; Jennings,Ray Salvatore; Zgheib,Sally; Mobasher Fard,Shahrzad; El Khalil,Soraya; Hassan,Syed Mehdi; Akbar,Tahir; Schneider,Tobias; Hart,Tracy; Nguyen,Trang Thi Thuy; Balkir,Tulu; El-Hanbali,Usaid I.; Tammaa,Waad; Mehchy,Zaki; El Nakat,Ziad Salim; Le Borgne,Eric; Ghanem,Hafez M. H.; Belhaj,Ferid; Jha,Saroj Kumar; Devarajan,Shantayanan; Shankar,Kanthan; Kfouri,Claire; Minatelli,Janet Lynn; Al Dardari,Abdallah; Gelb,Alan Harold; Cordella,Tito; Devictor,Xavier; Harper,Andrew; Saba,Joseph P.; Araujo,Francisco Jose; Verme,Paolo; Kircher,Andrew C.; Matsunaga,Hideki; Mottaghi,Lili; Bance,Paul G. A.; Karasapan,Omer M.; Shah Sayed,Sajjad Ali; Mcinerney-Lankford,Siobhan; Onder,Stefanie; Stebbins,William; Sayigh,Yezid; Stefanova,Ekaterina Georgieva; Creger,Syviengxay Disclosure Status: Disclosed

The Arab Spring protest marked the beginning of a new era in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2011. Minor public protests began almost immediately after the initial protests in Cairo in January 2011. ... See More + The first large demonstrations began two months later in March, and the following months saw a process of escalation as demonstrations spread and increased in size within the country. By the summer of 2011, the armed conflict was already unfolding. Now in its sixth year, the Syrian conflict remains active and is bringing much pain and tragedy on a daily basis. This study provides an assessment of the conflict's impact on economic and social outcomes in Syria as of early 2017. Conflicts destroy tangible and intangible assets and leave deep marks on a country's social fabric, culture, and collective memories. The Syrian conflict has quickly become a particularly harsh example of this.  See Less -

Document Type: Working Paper Report No.: 117331 Document Date: JUL 01, 2017

Author: Onder,Harun; Hayati,Fayavar; Sayeed, Haneen Ismael; Dajani,Ibrahim Khalil; Mousley,Peter J.; Pande,Aakanksha; Al-Aghbari,Abdulhakim Ali Ahmed; Talbi,Amal; Jagerskog,Lars Anders; Petrelli,Andrea; Judaprawira,Andrew James; Elzir,Angela; Lisulo,Angela S.; Vodopyanov,Anya; Wee,Asbjorn Haland; Maseeh,Ashwaq Natiq; Hexeberg,Barbro E.; Letica,Bartol; Shamsiev,Bekzod; Bollag,Burton S.; Rossotto,Carlo Maria; Stephan,David Andrew; Robalino,David A.; Sharma,Dhiraj; Merotto,Dino Leonardo; De Waal,Dominick Revell; Verner,Dorte; Ozcelik,Ece Amber; Fuli,Ejona; Artuc,Erhan; Metreau,Eric Roland; Ozveren,Eyup; Yamaguchi,Hiromi; Fearon,James D.; Von Der Goltz,Jan; Huenteler,Joern Torsten; Valdes Martinez,Jose Pablo; Aoun,Joy-Fares; Osorio-Rodarte,Israel; Garber,Kent David; Salmon,Kinley Clemens; Hamilton,Kirk E.; Ueda,Kohei; Fares,Lina; Stewart,Lisa Ann; Quota,Manal Bakur N; Maourani,Mohamed Ali; Assaf,Nabila; Maherali,Natasha Karim Lutfali; Prettitore,Paul Scott; Mcconaghy,Peter; Shah,Phoram; Nasr,Rabie; Arshad,Raja Rehan; Garcia,Raffi Enmanuel; Jennings,Ray Salvatore; Zgheib,Sally; Mobasher Fard,Shahrzad; El Khalil,Soraya; Hassan,Syed Mehdi; Akbar,Tahir; Schneider,Tobias; Hart,Tracy; Nguyen,Trang Thi Thuy; Balkir,Tulu; El-Hanbali,Usaid I.; Tammaa,Waad; Mehchy,Zaki; El Nakat,Ziad Salim; Le Borgne,Eric; Ghanem,Hafez M. H.; Belhaj,Ferid; Jha,Saroj Kumar; Devarajan,Shantayanan; Shankar,Kanthan; Kfouri,Claire; Minatelli,Janet Lynn; Al Dardari,Abdallah; Gelb,Alan Harold; Cordella,Tito; Devictor,Xavier; Harper,Andrew; Saba,Joseph P.; Araujo,Francisco Jose; Verme,Paolo; Kircher,Andrew C.; Matsunaga,Hideki; Mottaghi,Lili; Bance,Paul G. A.; Karasapan,Omer M.; Shah Sayed,Sajjad Ali; Mcinerney-Lankford,Siobhan; Onder,Stefanie; Stebbins,William; Sayigh,Yezid; Stefanova,Ekaterina Georgieva; Creger,Syviengxay Disclosure Status: Disclosed

Since the 2011 uprising that toppled the former regime, Libya has been mired in deep political strife. An economy in which agriculture once flourished was converted wholesale to an oil-based rentier state of the most extreme kind. ... See More + Following the immediate post-revolution oil-consumption boom, in 2014 Libya's economy is in recession. Security is the greatest challenge to stability. Today, limited opportunities exist for reintegrating youth and ex-combatants into the labor market. This policy note provides an initial assessment of Libya's labor market and discusses policy options for promoting employability as part of a broader jobs strategy. It is intended as a contribution to evidence on Libya's labor market for the benefit of policy makers, civil society and the broader international community. The report finds that the overall unemployment rate in Libya increased from 13.5 percent in 2010 prior to the uprising to 19 percent as of 2012, having changed little since then. Youth unemployment stands at approximately 48 percent and female unemployment 25 percent. The vast majority (85 percent) of Libya's active labor force is employed in the public sector, a high rate even by regional standards. The rate for women is even higher (93 percent). Employment in industry (largely the oil sector) and agriculture accounts for only 10 percent of the labor force. While nearly all public sector workers are covered by some form of social insurance, only 46 percent of private sector workers are enrolled - a striking difference. The report further discusses the implications of Libyan jobseeker profiles. Thirty percent of firms have reported difficulty in recruiting qualified Libyan nationals. Only 15-30 percent of Libya's labor force is relatively skilled and likely could be hired readily if given access to basic job training and job search assistance. For the remainder of the unemployed work force, targeted interventions would need to be designed for advanced skills development, vocational training, reconversion, and apprenticeship and entrepreneurship programs. The report discusses options for shifting Libya from a rentier state to a diversified, productive economy through economic and technical partnerships to help accelerate creating economic opportunities and jobs.  See Less -

Document Type: Publication Report No.: 97478 Document Date: JUN 03, 2015

Author: Elgazzar,Hebatalla; Lahga, Abdel Rahmen; Quota,Manal Bakur N; Rother,Friederike Uta; Hargreaves, Laurence Disclosure Status: Disclosed