Within the context of rapid urbanization, and expansion of urban poverty in Africa, the vast majority of the population have experienced difficulties in attaining its daily mobility and sustain needs due to the more and more difficult transport conditions.
... See More + The note addresses the most problematic dimensions of the mobility of poor people, and the extent to which such displacement worsens their condition, based on a duel research, conducted in Conakry and Douala by the Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program (SSATP). The review provides a better understanding of the current conditions in both cities, among poverty, daily mobility, employment access, as well as access to education and basic services, based on a field study.
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The note reviews the objectives, programs, impact and lessons learned from the operations of the three National Construction Councils (NCCs) established to date - in Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.
... See More + The Councils share the common feature of being an instrument of public-private partnership in the construction industry backed by legislation providing a governance structure and certain statutory powers and responsibilities. Whilst the business of the NCCs covers all aspects of the industry, there has been a strong focus on the road construction and maintenance given its importance for employment growth and new business development. With this in mind and focusing primarily on the role that NCCs have sought to play in the road sector, the note seeks to provide answers to three specific questions: (a) How effective have these particular structures been in achieving their goals? (b) Does experience suggest that this model might have wider applicability or not? and (c) Would these developments have likely occurred anyhow in the absence of a NCC?
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The note reviews the objectives, programs, impact and lessons learned from the operations of the three National Construction Councils (NCCs) established to date - in Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.
... See More + The Councils share the common feature of being an instrument of public-private partnership in the construction industry backed by legislation providing a governance structure and certain statutory powers and responsibilities. Whilst the business of the NCCs covers all aspects of the industry, there has been a strong focus on the road construction and maintenance given its importance for employment growth and new business development. With this in mind and focusing primarily on the role that NCCs have sought to play in the road sector, the note seeks to provide answers to three specific questions: (a) How effective have these particular structures been in achieving their goals? (b) Does experience suggest that this model might have wider applicability or not? and (c) Would these developments have likely occurred anyhow in the absence of a NCC?
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The road sector is going through a period of substantial change. Countries have to keep pace with expanding demand for road infrastructure as well as addressing the backlog of maintenance and its underlying causes.
... See More + This situation has given rise to significant institutional reforms as countries have sought to improve road management sector. This note discusses issues related to the professional staff needs of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); training for capacity building; institutional strengthening of road sector institutions in SSA countries; and, contribution of international and regional training. Further, the note identify and discusses five specific areas of challenges : ensure that the total offer of capacity building opportunities responds to demand, including that in languages other than English; involve regional associations in meeting demand and program design; sharpen the definition of the specific sub-markets within the overall demand and develop relevant offerings; promote wider involvement of training institutions including those in SSA; and develop and disseminate materials for communicating innovations, and on findings and recommendations for improved road management.
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The road sector is going through a period of substantial change. Countries have to keep pace with expanding demand for road infrastructure as well as addressing the backlog of maintenance and its underlying causes.
... See More + This situation has given rise to significant institutional reforms as countries have sought to improve road management sector. This note discusses issues related to the professional staff needs of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); training for capacity building; institutional strengthening of road sector institutions in SSA countries; and, contribution of international and regional training. Further, the note identify and discusses five specific areas of challenges : ensure that the total offer of capacity building opportunities responds to demand, including that in languages other than English; involve regional associations in meeting demand and program design; sharpen the definition of the specific sub-markets within the overall demand and develop relevant offerings; promote wider involvement of training institutions including those in SSA; and develop and disseminate materials for communicating innovations, and on findings and recommendations for improved road management.
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This note summarizes the methodology, challenges and lessons learned in the planning, management and organization of the Contracting Training Program (CTP) in Lesotho.
... See More + The Contractor Training Program (CTP) started in 1994 with the main objective to phase out force account procedures for carrying out rural road maintenance, which were neither efficient nor cost effective. Some of the lessons learned are : CTPs need long term expensive TA, and adequate attention is needed for the selection and monitoring of local staff; financing of construction equipment can be overcome with imaginative and proactive management from the road agencies as well as a supportive private sector; a CTP program can make a significant impact on generating employment, but to ensure work quality, it is important to use appropriate technology; packaging work appropriately helps both the road agencies in the management of contracts and the contractors to develop their implementation capacity. to create market incentives, greater cooperation between the private and public sector is needed through providing a regular flow of works, and simplified competitive bidding procedures.
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This note summarizes challenges, responses and lessons learned by two World Bank supported projects addressing HIV/AIDS in the road sector. These are: The Joint Regional HIV/AIDS Project in the Abidjan Lagos Transport Corridor (Corridor Project) and the Ethiopia Road Sector Development Program (RSDP).
... See More + While the Corridor Project is regional and addresses HIV/AIDS on the road between Abidjan and Lagos, the RSDP is a country specific road construction program with an HIV/AIDS component. The report shows the similarities and variations as well as valuable lessons gleaned from the two projects.
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Over the past ten years or so, the road sector has undergone major reforms in a number of Sub-Saharan African countries. This process has been encouraged by the donor community, especially through the Road Management Initiative (RMI).
... See More + New policies have been introduced, such as the off budget financing of road maintenance and the direct participation of road users in the road management entities. Ways of doing business are changing: more dependence on market mechanisms, further decentralization; new types of entities and operators. The resulting new institutional framework has evolved through the experiences of various countries in the developing world and the transition economy countries. Sub-Saharan Africa has drawn inspiration from Latin America and in turn Central and Eastern Europe is learning from the experiences of West and East Africa. It is a process of iteration in which many countries, despite blockages and setbacks have undeniable progress.
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Over the past ten years or so, the road sector has undergone major reforms in a number of Sub-Saharan African countries. This process has been encouraged by the donor community, especially through the Road Management Initiative (RMI).
... See More + New policies have been introduced, such as the off budget financing of road maintenance and the direct participation of road users in the road management entities. Ways of doing business are changing: more dependence on market mechanisms, further decentralization; new types of entities and operators. The resulting new institutional framework has evolved through the experiences of various countries in the developing world and the transition economy countries. Sub-Saharan Africa has drawn inspiration from Latin America and in turn Central and Eastern Europe is learning from the experiences of West and East Africa. It is a process of iteration in which many countries, despite blockages and setbacks have undeniable progress.
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The note highlights the conclusions of the study on Urban Air Quality in Cotonou, carried out in 2000. The purpose of the study was to identify the major source of air pollution in the city, and quantify the costs associated with such pollution.
... See More + Measures envisaged to limit air quality degradation, were grouped in three categories: technical and institutional measures concerning vehicles; operational measures, to improve effectiveness in terms of pollution; and, measures allowing a decrease in travel demand, i.e., urban planning policy. Results show that the most significant improvement was presented by the cumulative effect on measures taken on vehicles, and carburant, along with optimizing traffic conditions. Nonetheless, resulting priorities include traffic reorganization through highway prioritization, road surface improvement, and modal separation, as well as measures to monitor vehicle, and carburant quality simultaneously, and, implementation of a public transport system, developed to attract enough alternatives to the existing transport system.
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The note highlights the conclusions of the study on Urban Air Quality in Cotonou, carried out in 2000. The purpose of the study was to identify the major source of air pollution in the city, and quantify the costs associated with such pollution.
... See More + Measures envisaged to limit air quality degradation, were grouped in three categories: technical and institutional measures concerning vehicles; operational measures, to improve effectiveness in terms of pollution; and, measures allowing a decrease in travel demand, i.e., urban planning policy. Results show that the most significant improvement was presented by the cumulative effect on measures taken on vehicles, and carburant, along with optimizing traffic conditions. Nonetheless, resulting priorities include traffic reorganization through highway prioritization, road surface improvement, and modal separation, as well as measures to monitor vehicle, and carburant quality simultaneously, and, implementation of a public transport system, developed to attract enough alternatives to the existing transport system.
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This note is based on the Road Management Initiative (RMI) Country Coordinator for Kenya, Mr. F.N. Nyangaga's progress report, presented to the World Road Congresses in Kuala Lumpur, 1999.
... See More + The RMI has, over the past ten years, worked with interested African countries to identify the underlying causes of poor road management policies, and to develop an agenda of reforms that will facilitate sustainable management of the public road networks. The note points out the RMI works at the country level, through broad based Steering Committees, with a nominated RMI Coordinator as its secretariat, in close cooperation with World Bank, and donor-supported programs in the road sector. Since its inception, the RMI has presented progress reports at the quad-annual World Road Congresses. The note reviews policy reforms in the region, and examines how to overcome obstacles to RMI implementation, and, stipulates sustainable reforms cannot be achieved without a consistent enabling, policy and institutional framework, and, a comprehensive program for transformation, capacity building, and mitigation of socioeconomic impact.
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The note is based on a review of experience with the operation of second-generation Road Funds in Benin, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, and Zambia. Findings of this review are based on an assessment of the structure, and process of setting up, and implementing the Road Funds, as well as an assessment of the objective achievements to date.
... See More + While all countries have not moved at the same pace, they have progressed to various stages to introduce institutional, and financial reforms, in the spirit of the Road Management Initiative. Lessons suggest that common among the reviewed countries, were incremental user charges being collected for road maintenance, managed by autonomous Roads Boards, clearly separating financing, from executing functions. Though funding for maintenance shows consistent increases, the amounts are still short of total requirements. It is important to note that Roads Funds Boards arrangements represent progress on management, accountability, transparency, and increased awareness on the need to address long neglected road maintenance needs, and this is expected to result in efficiency gains in the long run. In addition, revenue-raising through Road Funds, should match absorptive capacity, rather than identified maintenance expenditure needs.
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The technical note presents an evaluation of time series for vehicle fleet statistics, available in the Road Management Initiative (RMI) road sector database, and quantifies their relationship with the growth of each country's gross national product.
... See More + Its ultimate goal is to provide for a statistical methodology to assist sector analysis in projecting country vehicle fleets, as a function of available macroeconomic forecasts. Assessing the growth in vehicle fleets in Sub-Saharan African countries remains an important requirement to property plan road expenditures, and adequately assess revenue raising requirements, and instruments.
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This technical note introduces the recently developed Road Management Initiative (RMI) road sector database. Building upon the results of the RMI road sector survey in forty-seven Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, and, available socioeconomic, and sector information from the Bank, and other sources, the database provides an initial framework for an assessment of the road sector across SSA countries.
... See More + The ultimate goal of the database is to provide stakeholders with a more comprehensive framework for sector monitoring, to support the implementation of reforms in the region. The goal of this database is to capture data in a consistent fashion for road users, and managers, the development community, researchers, and nongovernmental organizations, to illustrate progress in the sector. This include the relationship between the demand for road infrastructure, and economic growth; growth, and level of road traffic; adequacy of road infrastructure; and, length of roads to be maintained. Minimum elements to be captured include: condition of main road networks; total vehicle fleet categorized by auto, bus, and truck; and, major economic, and social indicators, such as land area, population , and gross national/domestic product.
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This technical note presents a road user charges model, developed by the Bank, and, gives an overview of the objectives, structure, and results of the model by taking as an example a hypothetical road network, presenting some lessons learned, while applying the model in developing countries.
... See More + The model estimates road user charges revenues, as collected, by the following instruments: diesel levy; gasoline levy; alcohol levy (wherever applicable); annual license fees; and, annual load damage fees, and tolls. Conclusions suggest the model has proven to be a useful tool for an aggregate assessment of the entire road network of a country, both in terms of network maintenance, and development financing side, including the road user charges, and revenues side. Moreover, the model is particularly useful to set road user charges, as a dedicated revenue source for a proposed road fund.
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This note analyzes the organization, profitability, and financing of private mass transit services in Abidjan, with an emphasis on private companies, operating minibuses commonly known as "gbakas".
... See More + The Abidjan case study is part of a regional study launched early in 1999, under the urban mobility component of the Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program (SSATP), covering four cities: Abidjan, Bamako, Harare, and Nairobi, while the regional study was carried out by the Solidarite Internationale sur les Transports et la Recherche en Afrique Subsaharienne. (SITRASS). The note describes within an urban context, the transport system in Abidjan, with an increasingly peripheral population, and jobs located mainly in the city center. Nonetheless, it also analyzes the sector, and the obvious prospects for profitability, but under uncertain prospects for profitability.
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This note analyzes the organization, profitability, and financing of private mass transit services in Abidjan, with an emphasis on private companies, operating minibuses commonly known as "gbakas".
... See More + The Abidjan case study is part of a regional study launched early in 1999, under the urban mobility component of the Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program (SSATP), covering four cities: Abidjan, Bamako, Harare, and Nairobi, while the regional study was carried out by the Solidarite Internationale sur les Transports et la Recherche en Afrique Subsaharienne. (SITRASS). The note describes within an urban context, the transport system in Abidjan, with an increasingly peripheral population, and jobs located mainly in the city center. Nonetheless, it also analyzes the sector, and the obvious prospects for profitability, but under uncertain prospects for profitability.
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This overview of the road transport sector in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, includes an analysis of current status, and developments since 1989, and examines forty seven countries in four regions: the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region, which given its large, and more advance economy compared to other countries, has been treated as a separate entity in this review; the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) region; the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region; and, the Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Central (UDEAC) region.
... See More + The note examines the road network in SSA, specifying that while the deteriorating conditions of a large part of the main roads is a matter of great concern, the conditions of the local rural, and urban roads may be even more alarming. This fact may, to a large extent, be explained by insufficient funding for road maintenance. Roads management is then reviewed, revealing existing, similar constraints, weak capacity, and poor service delivery. However, the dramatic change in road maintenance activities indicate a clear trend towards replacement of force account brigades, with private sector contractors. Experience shows that road boards, particularly for the management of road funds, create a useful environment to influence road maintenance funding, and accountability.
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In August 1996, the Heads of State of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) signed the Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology, which sets a broad framework of regional cooperation between SADC Member States in the fields of transport, communications, and meteorology infrastructure and services.
... See More + A primary objective of the Protocol is to promote the harmonization of policy, legislation, and administrative practices between member states to improve good governance within those sectors. In order to translate the words of the Protocol into practical and visible achievements, the Technical Unit of the Southern African Transport and Telecommunications Commission developed modeled legislative provisions (MLP) on road network financing and management. This complements MLP on Investment in Transport, which was prepared as holistic investment legislation addressing all aspects of planning, facilitation, and regulation of private transport infrastructure and services investment.
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