Through substitution and income effects, remittances can alter an individual's allocation of time between market activities and household production, decreasing labor supply.
... See More + This paper uses propensity score matching and household surveys for 2006 and 2014 to estimate the impact of remittances on labor supply in the three countries of the Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras). The results show that remittances are associated with a reduction in labor force participation, particularly among women. This effect is largest for Salvadoran women (13 percentage points). A sensitivity analysis finds that the negative effect on labor force participation rates of men in El Salvador and Guatemala and women in El Salvador is robust to potential selection bias. Receiving remittances is also associated with a lower likelihood of young adults being in school or at work, with this effect being robust to selection bias for young men in Guatemala. At the same time, the evidence suggests that remittances may be supporting small enterprises and self-employment in El Salvador and Guatemala. The analysis does not find robust evidence of remittances affecting the labor supply in Honduras in 2014.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8597 SEP 20, 2018
Sousa,Liliana Do Couto; Garcia Suaza,Andres FelipeDisclosed
The development objective of Pilot to Improve the Development and Nutrition of Young Children in Poor Rural Areas Project in Guatemala is to strengthen the capacity of parents and communities to improve and monitor child development outcomes (physical, cognitive, socio-emotional and linguistic skills) for children under two in project intervention areas.This restructuring requires the following changes: (1) modify activities to avoid duplication with the aforementioned Crecer Sano Project, which expects to finance similar work.
... See More + As a result of this modification, most of the resources assigned to behavior change communication activities under component 2 will be reallocated to components 1 and 3; (2) reallocate resources across expenditure categories to reflect the change in project activities -including adding a new expenditure category to pay salaries of social workers hired by the local partners; (3) revise indicators to accurately reflect revised activities; (4) extend the project closing date from November 7, 2018 to June 30, 2019, to allow implementation of new activities, thereby ensuring that the Project Development Objective (PDO) can be achieved; (5) modify the legal agreement to allow for remaining procurement to follow the new procurement framework articulated under the World Bank’s procurement regulations for borrowers (Procurement Regulations) under Investment policy financing; and (6) amend the legal agreement to reflect retroactive effectiveness of the amendment letter, to allow for payment of field worker salaries between April 2016 and June 2019.
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Poverty rates in Guatemala are among the highest in Latin America and the Caribbean, and Guatemala is now the second poorest country in the region, with only post-earthquake Haiti being poorer.
... See More + Guatemala is an extreme outlier in the region in terms of chronic malnutrition, and almost half of all children in the country suffer from stunting. This report is part of a global initiative to improve the evidence base on the linkages between water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), human development, and poverty and seeks to understand this paradigm through a careful examination of trends in access to water and sanitation and in corresponding linkages to poverty and health. It also reviews the governance structure and expenditure plans underpinning service delivery in WASH sectors in Guatemala. Finally, the report the challenges facing the water and sanitation sector in Guatemala are significant and will require, among other things, stronger political leadership to successfully reform and regulate the sector, greater focus on rural sanitation, and increased spending and budget execution. One of the key elements of this diagnostics is highlight what conditions led to a struggling WASH sector, particularly in rural areas. Despite a steep increase in water and sanitation coverage in the last 15 years, sanitation coverage is falling far behind drinking water coverage, with the lowest levels of coverage in rural areas affecting predominantly indigenous populations.
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Poverty rates in Guatemala are among the highest in Latin America and the Caribbean, and Guatemala is now the second poorest country in the region, with only post-earthquake Haiti being poorer.
... See More + Guatemala is an extreme outlier in the region in terms of chronic malnutrition, and almost half of all children in the country suffer from stunting. This report is part of a global initiative to improve the evidence base on the linkages between water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), human development, and poverty and seeks to understand this paradigm through a careful examination of trends in access to water and sanitation and in corresponding linkages to poverty and health. It also reviews the governance structure and expenditure plans underpinning service delivery in WASH sectors in Guatemala. Finally, the report the challenges facing the water and sanitation sector in Guatemala are significant and will require, among other things, stronger political leadership to successfully reform and regulate the sector, greater focus on rural sanitation, and increased spending and budget execution. One of the key elements of this diagnostics is highlight what conditions led to a struggling WASH sector, particularly in rural areas. Despite a steep increase in water and sanitation coverage in the last 15 years, sanitation coverage is falling far behind drinking water coverage, with the lowest levels of coverage in rural areas affecting predominantly indigenous populations.
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