Somalia is on the path to political and security stabilization after more than two decades of civil war and conflict. Opportunities to ensure a development trajectory face many challenges since the country remains a fragile state subject to multiple shocks.
... See More + Widespread poverty and food insecurity is a recurring developmental issue. Displacement is a key feature of modern Somali history linked to multiple drivers, including recurrent exposure to internal conflict and environmental hazards. Somalia is urbanizing rapidly due to large-scale forced displacement and economic migration that have driven large numbers of Somalis toward the urban areas. Remittances are central to the Somali economy and provide a lifeline to some segments of the population but not the most vulnerable. The World Bank implemented the second wave of the Somali high frequency survey (SHFS) in 2017-2018. This report is based on the most recent and first extensive household survey, wave 2 of the SHFS. The report is organized into six chapters. The first chapter presents an updated profile of monetary and nonmonetary dimensions of poverty for the Somali population, including the nomadic population. The second chapter explores in more detail spatial variation, with a focus on urbanization. The third chapter examines the impact of the 2016-2017 drought on livelihoods to identify the populations at risk and the factors that protected households against its negative effects. The fourth chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the internally displaced populations to identify displacement-related needs and to inform durable solutions. As a reaction to the analysis of poverty and vulnerabilities, the fifth chapter focuses on social protection as a means of promoting equity and building resilience against the effect of shocks on livelihoods. Similarly, the sixth chapter examines remittances and their role for livelihoods and resilience.
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Mozambique has experienced strong and sustained economic growth in the last two decades. Growth of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) expanded at an annual average rate of 7.2 percent between 2000 and 2016, making it one of the fastest-growing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
... See More + The economic expansion has boosted incomes and living standards. GDP per capita, for instance, grew annually on average by 4 percent over the same period, climbing from 561 US dollars to 1,128 US dollars (2011 PPP). Growth has been supported by a rebounding agricultural sector, particularly in the first phase of the post-war period, increased productivity in trade, transport and communications and financial services, sound macroeconomic management, large-scale foreign investments projects and significant donor support. More recently, however, growth has slowed down due mainly to macroeconomic factors and severe natural disasters.
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Mozambique has experienced strong and sustained economic growth in the last two decades. Growth of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) expanded at an annual average rate of 7.2 percent between 2000 and 2016, making it one of the fastest-growing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
... See More + The economic expansion has boosted incomes and living standards. GDP per capita, for instance, grew annually on average by 4 percent over the same period, climbing from 561 US dollars to 1,128 US dollars (2011 PPP). Growth has been supported by a rebounding agricultural sector, particularly in the first phase of the post-war period, increased productivity in trade, transport and communications and financial services, sound macroeconomic management, large-scale foreign investments projects and significant donor support. More recently, however, growth has slowed down due mainly to macroeconomic factors and severe natural disasters.
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Mozambique has experienced strong and sustained economic growth in the last two decades. Growth of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) expanded at an annual average rate of 7.2 percent between 2000 and 2016, making it one of the fastest-growing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
... See More + The economic expansion has boosted incomes and living standards. GDP per capita, for instance, grew annually on average by 4 percent over the same period, climbing from 561 US dollars to 1,128 US dollars (2011 PPP). Growth has been supported by a rebounding agricultural sector, particularly in the first phase of the post-war period, increased productivity in trade, transport and communications and financial services, sound macroeconomic management, large-scale foreign investments projects and significant donor support. More recently, however, growth has slowed down due mainly to macroeconomic factors and severe natural disasters.
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The Poverty Assessment for Comoros aims to respond to this need and presents the first analysis using the new household survey data from 2014. The present report draws on the availability of the EESIC 2014 to provide a robust diagnostic of poverty and inequality in Comoros and to bring new evidence to better inform policies aimed at poverty alleviation and equity.
... See More + The analysis is complemented with data from various sources, including the previous household survey EIM 2004 and the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for 2012. Through a pro-active consultation and dissemination approach, the empirical insights generated by this report are expected to turn into key findings and recommendations for local public policy debates. The first chapter of the report will provide an overview on the country’s context, assessing the macroeconomic performance and governance environment. The remaining chapters are organized as follows: the second chapter examines the incidence and structure of consumption poverty and inequality using the most recent survey, EESIC 2014. The third chapter assesses the evolution of poverty and living conditions since 2004, and investigates the extent and changes of multidimensional poverty. The fourth chapter analyzes the labor market situation and investigates the specific case of informal employment. The fifth chapter focuses on immigration and remittances, while the last chapter assesses the fiscal incidence.
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Zanzibar recorded an important decline in urban poverty, while rural poverty did not change, and poverty increased on the island of Pemba Basic needs poverty and extreme poverty both declined by 4.5 and 1 percentage points, respectively, at the national level in Zanzibar since 2010.
... See More + Consumption also increased disproportionately among the poor, yet the absolute gains accruing to the poor and people in the bottom 40 percent remained limited. Poverty reduction was concentrated in urban areas, which was the main driver for Zanzibar’s overall poverty reduction. The main drivers of such a reduction in poverty were increases in returns to both the education and economic activity of the poor. Despite these improvements, households with large families and dependents employed in agriculture, and with lower education and lower access to infrastructure, continued to suffer from prevalent poverty. Basic needs poverty rates showed higher poverty in Zanzibar than in Mainland, but poverty measures based on the international line revealed lower poverty in Zanzibar. The services sector (including trade and public administration) accounted for a significantly larger share of employment in Zanzibar than in Mainland, while employment in agriculture was considerably higher in the latter. Besides being more diversified than in Mainland, the labor market in Zanzibar also offered higher incomes. In both Zanzibar and Mainland, less-educated workers were generally concentrated in agricultural employment, while those with superior education were engaged in the services sector. Middle skilled workers with lower secondary education were more engaged in trade, the private services sector, and manufacturing; while higher educated workers, with upper secondary and university degrees, were more involved in wage employment, mainly in public administrations.
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Poverty Assessment 120689 OCT 26, 2017
Belghith,Nadia Belhaj Hassine; De Boisseson,Pierre Marie AntoineDisclosed
The Poverty Assessment for Comoros aims to respond to this need and presents the first analysis using the new household survey data from 2014. The present report draws on the availability of the EESIC 2014 to provide a robust diagnostic of poverty and inequality in Comoros and to bring new evidence to better inform policies aimed at poverty alleviation and equity.
... See More + The analysis is complemented with data from various sources, including the previous household survey EIM 2004 and the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for 2012. Through a pro-active consultation and dissemination approach, the empirical insights generated by this report are expected to turn into key findings and recommendations for local public policy debates. The first chapter of the report will provide an overview on the country’s context, assessing the macroeconomic performance and governance environment. The remaining chapters are organized as follows: the second chapter examines the incidence and structure of consumption poverty and inequality using the most recent survey, EESIC 2014. The third chapter assesses the evolution of poverty and living conditions since 2004, and investigates the extent and changes of multidimensional poverty. The fourth chapter analyzes the labor market situation and investigates the specific case of informal employment. The fifth chapter focuses on immigration and remittances, while the last chapter assesses the fiscal incidence.
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Since the early 2000s, Tanzania has seen remarkable economic growth and strong resilience to external shocks. Yet these achievements were overshadowed by the slow response of poverty to the growing economy.
... See More + Until 2007, the poverty rate in Tanzania remained stagnant at around 34 percent despite a robust growth at an annualized rate of approximately 7 percent. This apparent disconnect between growth and poverty reduction has raised concerns among policy makers and researchers, leading to a consensus that this mismatch needed to be addressed with a sense of urgency. Over the past few years, the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA) in Tanzania has given high priority to eradicating extreme poverty and promoting broad-based growth. Achieving pro-poor growth has also been widely recognized by the World Bank as a critical strategy for accelerating progress toward its twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty at the global level by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity by fostering income growth among the bottom 40 percent in every country. The official poverty figures announced by the government in November 2013 have revealed that the national strategy against poverty has begun to facilitate reductions. The basic needs poverty rate has declined from around 34 percent to 28.2 percent between 2007 and 2012, the first significant decline in the last 20 years. Identifying the policy mechanisms that have helped to increase the participation of the poor in the growth process and to speed pro-poor growth is therefore important for present and future decision-making in Tanzania on how best to eradicate poverty. Such task requires a rigorous analysis of the evolution of poverty and of the linkages between poverty, inequality, and economic growth. This report uses the availability of the new Tanzanian Household Budget Survey (HBS) for 2011 and 2012, as well as the new rebased GDP figures released in December 2014, as an opportunity to address these issues. More specifically, the report examines the recent trends in poverty and inequality and their determinants and explores how responsive poverty reduction was to economic growth and the obstacles to achieving it.
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Since the early 2000s, Tanzania has seen remarkable economic growth and strong resilience to external shocks. Yet these achievements were overshadowed by the slow response of poverty to the growing economy.
... See More + Until 2007, the poverty rate in Tanzania remained stagnant at around 34 percent despite a robust growth at an annualized rate of approximately 7 percent. This apparent disconnect between growth and poverty reduction has raised concerns among policy makers and researchers, leading to a consensus that this mismatch needed to be addressed with a sense of urgency. Over the past few years, the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA) in Tanzania has given high priority to eradicating extreme poverty and promoting broad-based growth. Achieving pro-poor growth has also been widely recognized by the World Bank as a critical strategy for accelerating progress toward its twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty at the global level by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity by fostering income growth among the bottom 40 percent in every country. The official poverty figures announced by the government in November 2013 have revealed that the national strategy against poverty has begun to facilitate reductions. The basic needs poverty rate has declined from around 34 percent to 28.2 percent between 2007 and 2012, the first significant decline in the last 20 years. Identifying the policy mechanisms that have helped to increase the participation of the poor in the growth process and to speed pro-poor growth is therefore important for present and future decision-making in Tanzania on how best to eradicate poverty. Such task requires a rigorous analysis of the evolution of poverty and of the linkages between poverty, inequality, and economic growth. This report uses the availability of the new Tanzanian Household Budget Survey (HBS) for 2011 and 2012, as well as the new rebased GDP figures released in December 2014, as an opportunity to address these issues. More specifically, the report examines the recent trends in poverty and inequality and their determinants and explores how responsive poverty reduction was to economic growth and the obstacles to achieving it.
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Over the seven years from 2004 through 2011, Cambodian economic growth was tremendous, ranking amid the best in the world. Moreover, household consumption increased by nearly 40 percent.
... See More + And this growth was pro-poor, not only reducing inequality, but also proportionally boosting poor people's consumption further and faster than that of the non-poor. As a result, the poverty rate dropped from 52.2 to 20.5 percent, surpassing all expectations. However, the majority of these people escaped poverty only slightly: they remain highly vulnerable, even to small shocks, which could quickly bring them back into poverty. The main drivers of poverty reduction were better prices of rice for farmers, better wages for agricultural workers, increases in salary jobs for the urban labor force, and better income for non-agricultural businesses for rural households. Improvements in health and education, as well as government investment in infrastructure, provided a favorable environment for the poor, allowing many of them to pull themselves out of poverty. Looking forward, some of these drivers of poverty reduction are likely to stall. Coupled with increased vulnerability, the present conditions create new challenges for the Royal Government of Cambodia. Furthermore, most of the improvements in Cambodia originated at very low values, thus leaving much work to better the well-being of many Cambodian households. Outstanding gains have been achieved, but it will take focus and further actions to maintain Cambodia's future growth. Most poverty in Cambodia is found in the countryside: about 90 percent of Cambodia's poor live in rural areas. To generate the maximum impact, government policies should concentrate on the productivity of the rural poor's major assets: their labor and their land.
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Over the seven years from 2004 through 2011, Cambodian economic growth was tremendous, ranking amid the best in the world. Moreover, household consumption increased by nearly 40 percent.
... See More + And this growth was pro-poor, not only reducing inequality, but also proportionally boosting poor people's consumption further and faster than that of the non-poor. As a result, the poverty rate dropped from 52.2 to 20.5 percent, surpassing all expectations. However, the majority of these people escaped poverty only slightly: they remain highly vulnerable, even to small shocks, which could quickly bring them back into poverty. The main drivers of poverty reduction were better prices of rice for farmers, better wages for agricultural workers, increases in salary jobs for the urban labor force, and better income for non-agricultural businesses for rural households. Improvements in health and education, as well as government investment in infrastructure, provided a favorable environment for the poor, allowing many of them to pull themselves out of poverty. Looking forward, some of these drivers of poverty reduction are likely to stall. Coupled with increased vulnerability, the present conditions create new challenges for the Royal Government of Cambodia. Furthermore, most of the improvements in Cambodia originated at very low values, thus leaving much work to better the well-being of many Cambodian households. Outstanding gains have been achieved, but it will take focus and further actions to maintain Cambodia's future growth. Most poverty in Cambodia is found in the countryside: about 90 percent of Cambodia's poor live in rural areas. To generate the maximum impact, government policies should concentrate on the productivity of the rural poor's major assets: their labor and their land.
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This report examines the lives of poor men, women, and children and explores the constraints and opportunities they face today in rising out of poverty.
... See More + It builds on a rich body of poverty analysis and an excellent base of knowledge from previous reports and aims to do three things. First, it proposes revisions to Vietnam's poverty monitoring system - via better data, updated welfare aggregates, and new poverty lines - to bring these more in line with economic and social conditions in present-day Vietnam. Second, it revisits the stylized facts about deprivation and poverty in Vietnam, and develops an updated profile of poverty using data from the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS) and new qualitative field studies. Third, it analyzes some of the key challenges for poverty reduction in the next decade, including changing regional patterns of poverty and wealth, high and persistent poverty among ethnic minorities, and rising inequality in outcomes and opportunities.
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This report examines the lives of poor men, women, and children and explores the constraints and opportunities they face today in rising out of poverty.
... See More + It builds on a rich body of poverty analysis and an excellent base of knowledge from previous reports and aims to do three things. First, it proposes revisions to Vietnam's poverty monitoring system - via better data, updated welfare aggregates, and new poverty lines - to bring these more in line with economic and social conditions in present-day Vietnam. Second, it revisits the stylized facts about deprivation and poverty in Vietnam, and develops an updated profile of poverty using data from the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS) and new qualitative field studies. Third, it analyzes some of the key challenges for poverty reduction in the next decade, including changing regional patterns of poverty and wealth, high and persistent poverty among ethnic minorities, and rising inequality in outcomes and opportunities.
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Burkina Faso's Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) of the 2000s, which were implemented as annually rolled-over Priority Action Programs, focused on four pillars: a) accelerating broad based growth; b) expanding access to social services for the poor; c) increasing employment and income-generating activities for the poor; and d) promoting good governance.
... See More + Increased public expenditure and targeted social service provision also led to improved access to basic services. In the area of education, progress has been made in terms of school infrastructure. Over the period of 2003-2008, substantial expansion (around 40 percent) of both the number of schools and the number of classrooms was achieved. Controlling and treating epidemic diseases also had good results, thanks to prevention and public awareness efforts and improved hygiene. Meanwhile, the country has been through several exogenous shocks and crises likely to have affected the pattern of poverty outcomes. In the past two decades, Burkina Faso's income per capita growth has been positive and less volatile relative to the past. Recent growth trends appear to be anchored by a general recovery in the primary sector. Household consumption was just as volatile as income per capita in the 1980s, but recovered substantially after the country gained competitiveness in the latter half of the 1990s following devaluation. However, since then, consumption has exhibited much more volatility than output. Finally, most the social indicators show an improvement in Burkina Faso since the early 1980s. Burkina Faso has kept pace with the overall positive trends observed in Sub-Saharan Africa and low income countries.
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Burkina Faso's Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) of the 2000s, which were implemented as annually rolled-over Priority Action Programs, focused on four pillars: a) accelerating broad based growth; b) expanding access to social services for the poor; c) increasing employment and income-generating activities for the poor; and d) promoting good governance.
... See More + Increased public expenditure and targeted social service provision also led to improved access to basic services. In the area of education, progress has been made in terms of school infrastructure. Over the period of 2003-2008, substantial expansion (around 40 percent) of both the number of schools and the number of classrooms was achieved. Controlling and treating epidemic diseases also had good results, thanks to prevention and public awareness efforts and improved hygiene. Meanwhile, the country has been through several exogenous shocks and crises likely to have affected the pattern of poverty outcomes. In the past two decades, Burkina Faso's income per capita growth has been positive and less volatile relative to the past. Recent growth trends appear to be anchored by a general recovery in the primary sector. Household consumption was just as volatile as income per capita in the 1980s, but recovered substantially after the country gained competitiveness in the latter half of the 1990s following devaluation. However, since then, consumption has exhibited much more volatility than output. Finally, most the social indicators show an improvement in Burkina Faso since the early 1980s. Burkina Faso has kept pace with the overall positive trends observed in Sub-Saharan Africa and low income countries.
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This report aims to provide an update of the profile of the poor and describe the dynamics of poverty and inequality in the Kyrgyz Republic during 2007-2011.
... See More + This period was marked by economic and political volatility which adversely impacted the country's capacity to achieve some of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The lack of progress in indicators related to maternal and child health and combating HIV/AIDS and other diseases continues to be of concern. However, in comparison to other low-income countries, non-monetary indicators of poverty in the Kyrgyz Republic fare relatively well in such areas as health, education, and access to basic infrastructure services. The report finds that at the micro-level the leading factors associated with poverty are household demographic characteristics. Larger and younger households with relatively fewer income-generating members and more net consumers, such as children, are more prone to poverty. Female-headed households have lower consumption per capita all other things held equal.
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This report aims to provide an update of the profile of the poor and describe the dynamics of poverty and inequality in the Kyrgyz Republic during 2007-2011.
... See More + This period was marked by economic and political volatility which adversely impacted the country's capacity to achieve some of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The lack of progress in indicators related to maternal and child health and combating HIV/AIDS and other diseases continues to be of concern. However, in comparison to other low-income countries, non-monetary indicators of poverty in the Kyrgyz Republic fare relatively well in such areas as health, education, and access to basic infrastructure services. The report finds that at the micro-level the leading factors associated with poverty are household demographic characteristics. Larger and younger households with relatively fewer income-generating members and more net consumers, such as children, are more prone to poverty. Female-headed households have lower consumption per capita all other things held equal.
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Burkina Faso's Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) of the 2000s, which were implemented as annually rolled-over Priority Action Programs, focused on four pillars: a) accelerating broad based growth; b) expanding access to social services for the poor; c) increasing employment and income-generating activities for the poor; and d) promoting good governance.
... See More + Increased public expenditure and targeted social service provision also led to improved access to basic services. In the area of education, progress has been made in terms of school infrastructure. Over the period of 2003-2008, substantial expansion (around 40 percent) of both the number of schools and the number of classrooms was achieved. Controlling and treating epidemic diseases also had good results, thanks to prevention and public awareness efforts and improved hygiene. Meanwhile, the country has been through several exogenous shocks and crises likely to have affected the pattern of poverty outcomes. In the past two decades, Burkina Faso's income per capita growth has been positive and less volatile relative to the past. Recent growth trends appear to be anchored by a general recovery in the primary sector. Household consumption was just as volatile as income per capita in the 1980s, but recovered substantially after the country gained competitiveness in the latter half of the 1990s following devaluation. However, since then, consumption has exhibited much more volatility than output. Finally, most the social indicators show an improvement in Burkina Faso since the early 1980s. Burkina Faso has kept pace with the overall positive trends observed in Sub-Saharan Africa and low income countries.
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Burkina Faso's Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) of the 2000s, which were implemented as annually rolled-over Priority Action Programs, focused on four pillars: a) accelerating broad based growth; b) expanding access to social services for the poor; c) increasing employment and income-generating activities for the poor; and d) promoting good governance.
... See More + Increased public expenditure and targeted social service provision also led to improved access to basic services. In the area of education, progress has been made in terms of school infrastructure. Over the period of 2003-2008, substantial expansion (around 40 percent) of both the number of schools and the number of classrooms was achieved. Controlling and treating epidemic diseases also had good results, thanks to prevention and public awareness efforts and improved hygiene. Meanwhile, the country has been through several exogenous shocks and crises likely to have affected the pattern of poverty outcomes. In the past two decades, Burkina Faso's income per capita growth has been positive and less volatile relative to the past. Recent growth trends appear to be anchored by a general recovery in the primary sector. Household consumption was just as volatile as income per capita in the 1980s, but recovered substantially after the country gained competitiveness in the latter half of the 1990s following devaluation. However, since then, consumption has exhibited much more volatility than output. Finally, most the social indicators show an improvement in Burkina Faso since the early 1980s. Burkina Faso has kept pace with the overall positive trends observed in Sub-Saharan Africa and low income countries.
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Burkina Faso's Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) of the 2000s, which were implemented as annually rolled-over Priority Action Programs, focused on four pillars: a) accelerating broad based growth; b) expanding access to social services for the poor; c) increasing employment and income-generating activities for the poor; and d) promoting good governance.
... See More + Increased public expenditure and targeted social service provision also led to improved access to basic services. In the area of education, progress has been made in terms of school infrastructure. Over the period of 2003-2008, substantial expansion (around 40 percent) of both the number of schools and the number of classrooms was achieved. Controlling and treating epidemic diseases also had good results, thanks to prevention and public awareness efforts and improved hygiene. Meanwhile, the country has been through several exogenous shocks and crises likely to have affected the pattern of poverty outcomes. In the past two decades, Burkina Faso's income per capita growth has been positive and less volatile relative to the past. Recent growth trends appear to be anchored by a general recovery in the primary sector. Household consumption was just as volatile as income per capita in the 1980s, but recovered substantially after the country gained competitiveness in the latter half of the 1990s following devaluation. However, since then, consumption has exhibited much more volatility than output. Finally, most the social indicators show an improvement in Burkina Faso since the early 1980s. Burkina Faso has kept pace with the overall positive trends observed in Sub-Saharan Africa and low income countries.
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