Open data and open government data have recently attracted much attention as a means to innovate, add value, and improve outcomes in a variety of sectors, public and private.
... See More + Although some of the benefits of open data initiatives have been assessed in the past, particularly their economic and financial returns, it is often more difficult to evaluate their social and political impacts. In the public sector, a murky theory of change has emerged that links the use of open government data with greater government accountability as well as improved service delivery in key sectors, including health and education, among others. In the absence of cross-country empirical research on this topic, this paper asks the following: Based on the evidence available, to what extent and for what reasons is the use of open government data associated with higher levels of accountability and improved service delivery in developing countries? To answer this question, the paper constructs a unique data set that operationalizes open government data, government accountability, service delivery, as well as other intervening and control variables. Relying on data from 25 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the paper finds a number of significant associations between open government data, accountability, and service delivery. However, the findings suggest differentiated effects of open government data across the health and education sectors, as well as with respect to service provision and service delivery outcomes. Although this early research has limitations and does not attempt to establish a purely causal relationship between the variables, it provides initial empirical support for claims about the efficacy of open government data for improving accountability and service delivery.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8873 JUN 04, 2019
The ongoing data revolution has made a prodigious amount of new data and analytical tools available to researchers. This data is available at higher frequency and at a much more granular level that traditional data collected through field work and surveys.
... See More + This creates new opportunities for research but also raises significant questions about the usefulness, reliability, and quality of such data. Proponents of big data research have called for the development of new analytical techniques and tools to take advantage of new opportunities while others have cautioned against its seductive power. The note provides a description of tools to both gather and analyze data from alternative, digital sources and apply them to answer some of the research and measurement questions related to entrepreneurship ecosystem assessments. In general, the report demonstrates that such data can be a powerful complement to standard data sources, if used carefully and in the appropriate context.
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Working Paper 138910 JUN 01, 2019
Onglao,Ma. Regina Paz Saquido; Lal Das,PrasannaDisclosed
Electronic reverse auctions are the most used competitive method for procurement of goods and non-consulting services by the Federal Government of Brazil.
... See More + These auctions are closed randomly, which perfectly satisfies fairness considerations but may be suboptimal from an efficiency perspective. There are concerns that tenders are closed too early and randomness favors bidders with algorithmic bidding software, leading to high prices. Hence, this paper investigates what would happen if the random closing rule was replaced by another rule. The paper uses the complete data set of completed electronic actions in 2015–17 comprising 112 million bids for 0.9 million items purchased. Exploiting the random closing rule, simple OLS models are run with a wide set of fixed effects as well as covariates capturing competition. The findings point at alternative strategies to optimize auction design: simple actions such as increasing the average and minimum length of the random phase can result in 2.8 and 0.6 percent price savings, respectively, or R$540 million and R$116 million per year; or more complex designs such as setting the length to the maximum for the random phase if there are 15 bidders or more can yield 2.6 percent or R$ 500 million a year in price savings, or doing the same if a large discount is placed within three minutes to closing can yield 1.1 percent lower prices or R$ 210 million a year in savings.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8828 APR 22, 2019
This is a statement by Angel Gurria, Secretary-General at the 99th meeting of the Development Committee held on April 13, 2019. Developments in science, technology and innovation are major drivers of change in modern societies, pushing the boundaries of our knowledge and enabling new paths towards social and economic development.
... See More + Innovation is a critical ingredient for strengthening growth performance, providing the foundation for new businesses and job creation, and facilitating a greener and more sustainable growth path (OECD, 2018a). Together, science, technology and innovation can do much to help address societal challenges at the lowest cost, and enable all economies to be more competitive, adaptable to change and better able to support higher living standards. These issues will be at the heart of the OECD’s 2019 Ministerial Council Meeting, Harnessing the Digital Transformation for Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Challenges.
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Country-level census data are typically collected once every 10 years. However, conflict, migration, urbanization, and natural disasters can cause rapid shifts in local population patterns.
... See More + This study uses Sri Lankan data to demonstrate the feasibility of a bottom-up method that combines household survey data with contemporaneous satellite imagery to track frequent changes in local population density. A Poisson regression model based on indicators derived from satellite data, selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, accurately predicts village-level population density. The model is estimated in villages sampled in the 2012/13 Household Income and Expenditure Survey to obtain out-of-sample density predictions in the nonsurveyed villages. The predictions approximate the 2012 census density well and are more accurate than other bottom-up studies based on lower-resolution satellite data. The predictions are also more accurate than most publicly available population products, which rely on areal interpolation of census data to redistribute population at the local level. The accuracies are similar when estimated using a random forest model, and when density estimates are expressed in terms of population counts. The collective evidence suggests that combining surveys with satellite data is a cost-effective method to track local population changes at more frequent intervals.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8776 MAR 12, 2019
Young Africans are less likely to have a bank account than adults on the continent. At the same time, they are more likely to have a mobile phone, try out new things and be aware of digital channels.
... See More + This seems to suggest that digital banking could be a winning strategy for advancing financial inclusion among the youth. Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa have limited access to formal financial services despite their active financial lives. Many young Africans are actively using informal options to meet their financial needs. Digital financial services (DFS) could be the solution to banking the youth. African youth are tech savvy and curious about digital channels. Research shows that youth’s ability to use mobile phones has attracted them to mobile money. The report gleans insights into possible strategies to further increase DFS usage among youth, by identifying drivers of usage among youth as well as reasons for youth inactivity on DFS platforms. In sum, these findings provide the context for industry actors to design products and strategies to better meet the needs and desires of their current youth clientele and to expand reach to new youth customers.
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New sources of data, as well as new ways of processing such data, have contributed to an ongoing expansion in the availability of digital financial services (DFS) to served, underserved, and unserved consumers.
... See More + Such data is being used to design and market customer-centric digital financial services, create credit scores for consumers with limited credit histories, meet and facilitate know-your-customer requirements, and minimize the risk of fraud. Yet a great variety of personal information may be used and processed in this context. This discussion note provides an overview of consumer-related benefits and risks arising from the usage of new types of data, beyond traditional credit-reporting frameworks. The note also identifies areas for further research.
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Working Paper 132035 NOV 01, 2018
Grady,Rosamund Clare; Montes Herraiz,Fredesvinda F.; Traversa,MarcoDisclosed
Technology and digital platforms are disrupting the way the tourism sector operates from end to end affects low-income markets striving to leverage tourism for development impacts.
... See More + Digital platforms, in particular, provide both opportunities and challenges for World Bank Group client countries looking to harness tourism to help achieve the World Bank Group's twin goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. This report focuses on one disruptive force in the tourism industry: the emergence of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation. P2P accommodation occurs when individuals offer, in exchange for money, a room or an entire house for short-term accommodation. The rapid growth of this new product is shaking up the hotel industry and creating a new way to travel and interact with a destination and its community. The objectives of this report are to investigate the opportunities and challenges that P2P provides in developed and emerging destinations and to offer a set of recommendations to better use this new business model for sustainable and inclusive tourism. The report also sketches a research agenda for the near future. This report is written for destination managers, policymakers, and World Bank Group staff involved in the design and management of tourism operations.
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Tourism is growing faster than ever before in emerging and developing economies. In just 10 years, the tourism landscape has changed completely.
... See More + Digital platforms are changing the way travel is traditionally researched, bought, sold, experienced and shared. Facilitated by digital platforms, user-Generated Content (UGC) is fast becoming the most important and widely used source of travel information. This impacts the traveler's path to purchase and disrupts established travel agencies, guidebooks, conventional marketing approaches and star rating systems. It also presents new opportunities for developing destinations to leverage these platforms for big data and cost-effective performance improvements. The World Bank Group and TripAdvisor collaborated on this report to support destination management organizations and local suppliers to extract the most value from UGC, while avoiding its pitfalls. This body of work aims to highlight good practices and suggest tools to consider when building plans for managing online reputation. It also provides case studies that illuminate effective campaigns and investment. The report is intended for use by those involved in or responsible for the management and/or marketing of a destination or a tourism business, with a focus on the leisure-travel market.
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