This report, a background note for the South Africa Systematic Country Diagnostic, documents public transport accessibility, focusing particularly on minibus taxis and on poor households, and describe the costs of commuting to work, using the 2013 National Household Travel Survey conducted by Statistics South Africa.
... See More + It also explains how the minibus taxi industry works, based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2013 and 2017 in the minibus taxi industry, and what this implies for costs and accessibility of minibuses to users. It analyzes publicly available data on fatal crashes and police data on violence to describes the risks to users of public transport from fatal crashes and also taxi violence. It also suggest some policy options to improve transport outcomes for the poor.
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The development objective of Greater Beirut Urban Transport Project for Lebanon is to increase passenger transport's mobility and accessibility on Beirut's northern entrance and within the city of Beirut.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts are include: (i) affected plots, their total areas, parts to be expropriated, and total estimated areas to be expropriated from the total affected plots, per location, are provided; (ii) no substantial losses of productive land will result from land acquisition; (iii) households reported that harvests from these trees do not provide a significant or sole supply of their consumption necessary for their sustenance; (iv) The lands on which these temporary housing units stand are owned by the state through published expropriation decrees; Some of the mitigation measures are include : (i)avoid displacement impacts by carefully designing and planning for different Project components by avoiding inhabited private-owned lands or buildings and favoring state-owned lands; (ii) compensation for fixed assets will be paid without depreciation because of age or use; (iii) relocation allowance/ transitional support will be dispensed to every displaced household as assistance to involuntary displacement sufficient to cover actual relocation costs; (iv) any households affected by housing demolition caused by the Project will be provided with transitional assistance, which will consist of a moving allowance sufficient to cover relocation expenses, a temporary living allowance sufficient to cover living costs for a reasonable period in which replacement housing can be purchased or constructed, and other technical assistance that may be needed to prepare a replacement site for construction or habitation; (v) ensure proper timing of implementation of works, namely in areas that will be undergoing earlier planned works, i.e. areas where the proposed Northern Coastal Highway, Section Nahr el Kalb - Tabarja project. This is expected to reduce the duration of works that are likely to impact the existing infrastructure, facilities, and services.
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The development objective of Greater Beirut Urban Transport Project for Lebanon is to increase passenger transport's mobility and accessibility on Beirut's northern entrance and within the city of Beirut.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) poor integration of the infrastructure with the local transit needs and cityscape might lead to poor uptake of the new BRT services, especially if the design of stations, bridges and surrounding infrastructure are not user-friendly for all people, appealing or safe for vulnerable groups such as women, youth, special needs persons and the elderly; (ii) mixed traffic lanes might lead to bottlenecks and discourage the use of the BRT System for some users, due to increase in journey time, and rise in collision risks in mixed traffic sections; (iii) temporary visual impacts with the presence of equipment, machinery and workers; (iv) soil disturbance and potential impacts on land conditions and groundwater resources (e.g., changes in water drainage, erosion, runoff, sedimentation, grading); (v) increased risks of accidents and health problems; (vi) increased peak and off-peak traffic volumes at bottlenecks that will negatively impact people‟s daily activities (delays to reach destinations, discomfort, increase in noise levels, etc.); (viii) exposure of workers, pedestrians and passengers to potential asphalt odor and hazardous fumes during construction activities; (ix) hazardous and non-hazardous waste generation from maintenance activities; (x) reduction in number of passengers using the current buses, thus reduction in passenger turnover and reduced incomes to current bus drivers due to passengers switching to the new BRT System; (xi) better road and community safety due to both safer commuting and reduced exposure to road-traffic pollution; (xii) time and monetary savings for users switching from use of private vehicles to the BRT running on a dedicated lane, with set time schedule and intelligent transportation system.
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The development objective of Greater Beirut Urban Transport Project for Lebanon is to increase passenger transport’s mobility and accessibility on Beirut’s northern entrance and within the city of Beirut.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) temporary visual impacts with the presence of equipment, machinery and workers; (ii) increase in air pollution, including Airborne particulates (dust) from soil disturbance; (iii) soil disturbance and potential impacts on land conditions and groundwater resources; and (iv) change in ambient air quality; (iv) poor landscape and visual amenity, and less greenery in the local urban environment; (v) impact on the publics nuisance, health and safety in the heavily congested and dense corridors of Beirut and the coastal areas in the districts of Metn and Kesseruoan; (vi) increased risks of accidents and health problems; (vii) exposure of workers, pedestrians and passengers to potential asphalt odor and hazardous fumes during construction activities; (viii) chemical and biological contamination of soil and water resources; (ix) impact on workers and pedestrians safety resulting from improper handling and storage of chemicals and solid waste generated related to construction activities; (x) impacts resulting from any dewatering activities; and (xi) increase in air pollution, including Airborne particulates (dust) from soil disturbance.
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