The report estimates the costs, impacts and financing scenarios to achieve the World Health Assembly global nutrition targets for stunting, anemia in women, exclusive breastfeeding and the scaling up of the treatment of severe wasting among young children.
... See More + To reach these four targets, the world needs $70 billion over 10 years to invest in high-impact nutrition-specific interventions. This investment would have enormous benefits: 65 million cases of stunting and 265 million cases of anemia in women would be prevented in 2025 as compared with the 2015 baseline. In addition, at least 91 million more children would be treated for severe wasting and 105 million additional babies would be exclusively breastfed during the first six months of life over 10 years. Altogether, achieving these targets would avert at least 3.7 million child deaths. Every dollar invested in this package of interventions would yield between $4 and $35 in economic returns, making investing in early nutrition one of the best value-for-money development actions. Although some of the targets—especially those for reducing stunting in children and anemia in women—are ambitious and will require concerted efforts in financing, scale-up, and sustained commitment, recent experience from several countries suggests that meeting these targets is feasible. These investments in the critical 1000 day window of early childhood are inalienable and portable and will pay lifelong dividends – not only for children directly affected but also for us all in the form of more robust societies – that will drive future economies.
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Publication 114429 JUL 01, 2017
Shekar,Meera; Kakietek,Jakub Jan; Dayton,Julia M.; Walter,DylanEnglishDisclosed
Good health and quality education are essential for economic growth and poverty reduction. Unfortunately, the quality of the education and health services provided in low-income countries is often low.
... See More + Improving access and quality of education and health are key policy goals for Uganda. This paper builds on the Service Delivery Indicator study by further exploring issues related to the quality of service delivery in Uganda. The paper analyzes the quality of service from a poverty perspective, to contribute to the ongoing policy debate on the quality of service delivery in Uganda, especially in the education and health sectors. Combining data from the Service Delivery Indicator and the Uganda National Household Survey surveys, the paper shows a strong correlation between welfare and quality of service. The quality of service is lowest for those living in poor areas. This has implications for pupils' learning outcomes. Pupils in poor areas perform poorly on a standardized test covering English, numeracy, and nonverbal reasoning. Increased access to education was not accompanied by improvement in learning outcomes. Results from econometric analysis suggest that improvements in school facilities, improvements in the quality of teaching, and the knowledge base of teachers could bring substantial gains in student performance, particularly in poor communities. Despite the low quality they face, if the poor are more satisfied with the service, this has implications for demand for social accountability, as the poor often are not exposed to or ignore the standard of service to which they should refer.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8116 JUN 26, 2017
Good health and quality education are essential for economic growth and poverty reduction. Unfortunately, the quality of the education and health services provided in low-income countries is often low.
... See More + Improving access and quality of education and health are key policy goals for Uganda. This paper builds on the Service Delivery Indicator study by further exploring issues related to the quality of service delivery in Uganda. The paper analyzes the quality of service from a poverty perspective, to contribute to the ongoing policy debate on the quality of service delivery in Uganda, especially in the education and health sectors. Combining data from the Service Delivery Indicator and the Uganda National Household Survey surveys, the paper shows a strong correlation between welfare and quality of service. The quality of service is lowest for those living in poor areas. This has implications for pupils' learning outcomes. Pupils in poor areas perform poorly on a standardized test covering English, numeracy, and nonverbal reasoning. Increased access to education was not accompanied by improvement in learning outcomes. Results from econometric analysis suggest that improvements in school facilities, improvements in the quality of teaching, and the knowledge base of teachers could bring substantial gains in student performance, particularly in poor communities. Despite the low quality they face, if the poor are more satisfied with the service, this has implications for demand for social accountability, as the poor often are not exposed to or ignore the standard of service to which they should refer.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8116 JUN 26, 2017
The proportion of Ugandan households living in poverty reduced by more than half between 1993 and 2013. Using household survey data, this paper analyzes nonmonetary dimensions of poverty in Uganda for levels and trends, to explore whether the observed reduction in monetary-based poverty are reflected in the nonmonetary indicators of poverty.
... See More + The results show that Uganda's progress in reducing poverty is strongly reflected in several nonmonetary indicators of poverty. The analysis finds that the trends in many nonmonetary indicators are consistent with the trend of monetary-based measure of poverty. The paper also examines whether progress has been as fast as would be expected, given Uganda's impressive performance in reducing poverty. Overall, the evidence indicates that progress on nonmonetary poverty was consistent with expectations, and faster than what would be expected, for some indicators, based on other countries' experiences. This finding is similar to Uganda's progress on reducing monetary poverty, which is also at the expected level based on experience in other countries.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8111 JUN 23, 2017
The objective of the Improving Maternal and Child Health through Integrated Social Services Project for Haiti is to increase the access and use of maternal and child health, nutrition and other social services in the recipient's territory.This Project Paper seeks the approval of the Executive Directors to: (i) provide an additional IDA grant in an amount of SDR 18.3 million (US$25 million equivalent) to the Project.
... See More + The proposed Additional Financing (AF) would be financed by IDA’s Crisis Response Window (CRW), as part of a package of a US$100 million of support from the World Bank to help the Government of Haiti recover and rebuild after Hurricane Matthew, which struck the country on October 4, 2016. This event was described and the proposed Word Bank response outlined in the CRW Paper circulated to the Executive Directors on January 22, 2017 and considered at a technical briefing held on January 26, 2017. In this context, Management underlined that funding from ongoing projects was mobilized to respond to immediate needs in the affected areas and proposed providing funding in the form of grants for the above-mentioned package, consisting of four additional financing operations in the Transport and Disaster Risk Management sectors, the Health Sector, the Water Sector, and the Agricultural Sector to be financed from the CRW. The proposed AF would finance Hurricane response activities in theaffected areas, mainly: (i) to restore the quality and supply of health services (e.g. via rehabilitation and re-equipping of health facilities damaged by the Hurricane); and (ii) to scale-up cholera prevention and response activities, to help address the new front for cholera that has opened up in Hurricane affected areas. The AF would also fill the financing gap created under the Original Grant to finance emergency response activities immediately after Hurricane Matthew struck Haiti on October 4, 2016.Concurrently, the Project would be restructured to: (i) revise the Project Development Objective (PDO) and Results Framework to reflect the expanded geographical coverage and emergency response objectives of the project; (ii) activate new safeguards policies: the Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP/BP 4.12) to anticipate the possibility – although highly unlikely – of involuntary resettlement in the Hurricane-affected areas, the Physical Cultural Resources Policy (OP/BP 4.11) and the Pest Management Policy (OP/BP 4.09); and (iii) add a new disbursement category for potential compensation of affected individuals under OP/BP 4.12.
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Amid recurrent natural disasters and severe financial hardship Haitians face formidable challenges to their health. Maternal and infant mortality rates are 5 and 3 times higher than the regional average.
... See More + Access to health care is low compared to low-income countries and particularly among the poorest households. Delivery of preventive health services like immunizations is below minimum standards. Patients often bypass the public health system for lack of trust, and rely on consultations from traditional healers or simply purchase medication directly from unregulated providers for their medical needs. Haiti faces the challenge of meeting the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals on health and improving outcomes for the poor despite declines in external financing for health and relatively low government contributions compared to other low-income countries to finance the health sector. In light of this, Haiti's healthcare system must operate more efficiently, and access to services must become more equitable and reach vulnerable populations.
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Amid recurrent natural disasters and severe financial hardship Haitians face formidable challenges to their health. Maternal and infant mortality rates are 5 and 3 times higher than the regional average.
... See More + Access to health care is low compared to low-income countries and particularly among the poorest households. Delivery of preventive health services like immunizations is below minimum standards. Patients often bypass the public health system for lack of trust, and rely on consultations from traditional healers or simply purchase medication directly from unregulated providers for their medical needs. Haiti faces the challenge of meeting the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals on health and improving outcomes for the poor despite declines in external financing for health and relatively low government contributions compared to other low-income countries to finance the health sector. In light of this, Haiti's healthcare system must operate more efficiently, and access to services must become more equitable and reach vulnerable populations.
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Amid recurrent natural disasters and severe financial hardship Haitians face formidable challenges to their health. Maternal and infant mortality rates are 5 and 3 times higher than the regional average.
... See More + Access to health care is low compared to low-income countries and particularly among the poorest households. Delivery of preventive health services like immunizations is below minimum standards. Patients often bypass the public health system for lack of trust, and rely on consultations from traditional healers or simply purchase medication directly from unregulated providers for their medical needs. Haiti faces the challenge of meeting the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals on health and improving outcomes for the poor despite declines in external financing for health and relatively low government contributions compared to other low-income countries to finance the health sector. In light of this, Haiti's healthcare system must operate more efficiently, and access to services must become more equitable and reach vulnerable populations.
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Progress in child mortality reduction and education attainment varies widely among oil-rich countries. This paper investigates the causes of this variation using an empirical model that departs from the available literature in allowing for explicit measurement of the impact of initial levels of child mortality and education attainment.
... See More + The results show that the following four variables are statistically significant and robust across various specifications: public spending on health and education, economic growth rates, caloric sufficiency, and initial levels of child mortality and education attainment. Further analysis was conducted to determine the economic significance of these factors by examining the contribution of each to the fitted growth rates (as a deviation from the sample mean) of child mortality and secondary school enrollment for 14 oil-rich developing countries. The analysis reveals some interesting patterns. First, initial conditions dominate the results for education attainment: the initial level of secondary school enrollment in 1980 is the dominant factor in explaining subsequent improvements in 10 of the 14 oil-rich developing countries for which calculations could be performed. Second, policy factors worked in different ways in different countries. A high degree of caloric sufficiency enabled countries in the Middle East and North Africa to reduce child mortality faster, while low levels of caloric sufficiency prevented African oil-rich countries, such as Angola and the Republic of Congo, from making progress. Third, levels of public spending were not economically critical for gains in school enrollment, although they were important in a few country cases for improvements in child mortality rates.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8066 MAY 17, 2017
This factsheet surveys multisectoral nutrition assessment in Sri Lanka's estate sector where malnutrition is an issue of public health concern; under nutrition in children under five years and among pregnant women has far-reaching consequences for them and society at large; several risk factors prevail in the estate sector that lead children to be malnourished; problems have been identified in food utilization and feeding practices; knowledge is not translated into practice; gaps in quality of service provision for children were noted; significant space for improving nutrition service delivery for women both before and during pregnancy; poor standards of Child Development Centers; provision of safe water and sanitation facilities prevents malnutrition and diarrhea.
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Working Paper 115196 MAY 13, 2017
;000299428:Dilinika Peiris:dpeiris@worldbank.org; 000232652:Phoebe M. Folger:pfolger@worldbank.org; ;000250282:Yi-Kyoung Lee:ylee1@worldbank.org;Disclosed
The development objective of the Emergency Health and Nutrition Project for Yemen, Republic of is to contribute to the provision of basic health and essential nutrition services for the benefit of the population of the Republic of Yemen.
... See More + The proposed grant will help scale up delivery of essential health and nutrition services in response to the unprecedented malnutrition situation in Yemen caused by the ongoing conflict and food security crisis. The amount of USD 83 million equivalent is raised through recommitment of cancelled IDA grants for Yemen resulting from portfolio restructuring. The following changes are proposed: (a) scaling up support for prevention and treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in the Republic of Yemen given the deteriorating food insecurity; and (b) modification of the PDO-level and intermediate results indicators, to better capture the expected increase in project results.
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The development objective of the Emergency Health and Nutrition Project for Yemen, Republic of is to contribute to the provision of basic health and essential nutrition services for the benefit of the population of the Republic of Yemen.
... See More + The proposed grant will help scale up delivery of essential health and nutrition services in response to the unprecedented malnutrition situation in Yemen caused by the ongoing conflict and food security crisis. The amount of USD 83 million equivalent is raised through recommitment of cancelled IDA grants for Yemen resulting from portfolio restructuring. The following changes are proposed: (a) scaling up support for prevention and treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in the Republic of Yemen given the deteriorating food insecurity; and (b) modification of the PDO-level and intermediate results indicators, to better capture the expected increase in project results.
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This Healthbeat newsletter includes some of the following headings: Are you gasping for air?; CPR/AED and first aid training; free group training : the power of relaxation; mindfulness meditation sessions; healthy weight support group; domestic abuse prevention program; workstation ergonomics services for HQ and Co staff; Pre-assignment medical briefings and medical clearance; looking to manage your stress?
... See More + ; Health tips.
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This note discusses avenues for multi-sectoral approaches and strategies to address adolescent and youth health. Successful application of any multi-sectoral approach requires strong and continuous partnerships with different stakeholders including within the Bank.
... See More + It requires building effective multi-sectoral teams with dedicated resources that can build bridges across different sectors within the Bank and at the country level. While opportunities for collaboration depend on country contexts, keeping adolescents and youth at the center of an intervention will help align and define multi-sectoral actions across different areas. For more information on this topic, go to: www.worldbank.org/health.
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This issue includes the following headings: building up to barcelona; conference preview:creating value in health systems; achieving value-based healthcare in emerging markets; universal health coverage—one of this century’s greatest challenges; advancing nurses addressesglobal need; recent IFC investments medlife case study: outpatient in its DNA; fybeca case study: achieving sustainable growth by serving low-income customers
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The development objective of the Emergency Food and Nutrition Project for South Sudan are: (a) to provide food and nutrition support for the protection of lives and human capital of eligible beneficiaries; and (b) to help farmers a re-engage in agricultural production in selected drought affected areas in South Sudan.
... See More + The proposed EFNSP will focus on two main areas of support: (i) providing emergency support for immediate food and nutrition security requirements, and (ii) assisting farmers to re‐engage in crop and livestock production to meet their own food security requirements. The project consists of three components. The first component, support to human capital and livelihoods protection SDR 31.0 million is to increase access to food for the food insecure and most vulnerable, protect the human capital of children and prevent negative coping strategies by poor households. The drought‐conflict dynamic in South Sudan has generated two broad segments of vulnerable and food insecure populations currently in need of direct food and nutrition support. This component is organized around two sub components as described below. (i) support to unconditional food transfers SDR14.8 million and (ii) support to integrated management of malnutrition SDR16.2 million; The second component, support to re‐engagement in crop and livestock production SDR 5.5 million will help farmers affected by the food scarcity to engage in production over the next cropping season, when favorable rains return. The project will support: (i) purchase and distribution of agricultural inputs and planting materials such as seeds and tools,10 in the form of starter packs; (ii) rebuilding or distribution of assets for postharvest handling and food storage for example household granaries and food storage bins; and (iii) provision of extension services around the package of production inputs and postharvest handling technologies supported by the project. This component divided into two sub-component, (i) support to crop production SDR3.7 million and (ii) support to livestock production SDR1.8 million; The third component, support to project implementation arrangements SDR0.4 million is designed to finance administrative costs of the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), including, financial management, procurement, environment and social safeguards management, monitoring, reporting and evaluation of activities under the project.
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Forced displacement -- defined as the displacement of refugees and internally displaced persons due to violence -- has reached an unprecedented scale and global attention during the past few years, particularly in the aftermath of the Syrian refugee crisis in 2011 and the European Union's migration crisis in 2015.
... See More + As this plight gained momentum, economics found itself unprepared to answer the basic questions surrounding refugees and internally displaced persons. Few economists or institutions were working on forced displacement. Economic theory or empirics had little to offer in articles published in journals. Data were scarce, unreliable, or inaccessible. Can economics rise to the challenge? Is the economics of forced displacement different from neoclassical economics? Can off-the-shelves models be used to study forced displaced populations? What is missing to do the economics of forced displacement? What are the data constraints that limit economists in this work? This paper provides a first nontechnical introduction to these topics. The paper argues that the modeling of utility, choice, risk, and information in a short-term setting is the key to address the problem. Neoclassical economics lacks some of the theoretical ingredients that are needed, but recent developments in game theory, neuroeconomics, and behavioral economics have opened new horizons that make the task of modeling forced displacement within reach. Empirics is clearly limited by the scarcity of quality data, but an example shows how welfare economists can start working with existing data. Economists have no excuse to maintain the status quo and should get on with the work on forced displacement.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8038 APR 25, 2017
The development objective of the Livestock Development and Animal Health Project for Zambia is to improve the productivity of key livestock production systems for targeted female and male smallholder producers in selected areas of the Recipient’s territory.
... See More + The second level project restructuring was carried out in November 2015. It included the following changes: (i) consolidation of selected PDO and intermediate level indicators to better capture development impact; and (ii) realigning expenditure by transferring US$2.8 million from livestock infrastructure to animal disease control within the same disbursement category. The purpose of the transfer of resources was to sustain the achievement so far made in reducing animal mortality from diseases such as East Coast Fever (ECF), Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Newcastle Disease (NCD) from cattle and village chickens respectively. The level of infrastructure directly funded from the project budget was reduced.The remaining challenges that impede the achievement of the PDO include slow or lack of progress in activitiesrelated to sub projects under matching grants and rehabilitation and construction of livestock infrastructure for enhanced provision of livestock and veterinary services. The reasons for the lack of implementation progress in these areas include: (i) delayed procurement of civil works; (ii) failure by selected contractors to provide the performance guarantees; (iii) delays by beneficiary grant recipients to mobilize their 25 percent matching contributions; and (iv) slow disbursements to matching grant recipients. This lack of progress is caused by capacity constraints in the areas of procurement management, business and technical advisory services, and administration of matching grants. Although additional key staff have now been hired for procurement and grant administration, the 12 to 18 month delay in the hiring of the staff caused considerable loss of time in implementing the Procurement Plan and sub-projects under the matching grants.
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