This is an assessment of the fiduciary systems of the Government of Indonesia to determine their adequacy for the Indonesia – Supporting Primary Health Care Reform Program (I-SPHERE) in accordance with the Bank’s Policy and Directive.7 The FSA comprises an assessment of the procurement systems and financial management (FM) systems relevant to the Program.
... See More + This document contains the findings of the FSA conducted in accordance with the Guidance Note issued on June 30, 2017. The overall objective of the Assessment is to conclude whether the Program fiduciary systems provide reasonable assurance that the financing proceeds will be used for the intended purposes, with due attention to the principles of economy, efficiency, transparency, effectiveness, and accountability. The FSA reviews the capacity of the implementing agency to manage the Program: to plan, budget, execute, record, control, and produce timely, relevant, and reliable financial information. It examines whether the Program expenditure framework is comprehensive, clearly defined, and part of the borrower’s regular FM processes. The proposed Program is US$13.507 billion, supported by a US$150 million IBRD Loan (using a Program-for-Results (PforR) instrument), and US$13.357 billion in government financing (from APBN, BPJS Health, and DAK non-fisik), and would be implemented over a period of five years (2018-2023).The government has existing fiduciary controls that are currently implemented for the Program. The FSA comprises an assessment of the fiduciary risks relating to procurement and financial management relevant to the Program. The FSA is based on an assessment of the Ministry of Health (MoH), Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS - Health), selected Local Governments (LGs) and (Puskesmas). The disbursement of funds under the Program will be linked to DLIs tied to three result areas: (i) strengthening national performance monitoring for enhanced local government and facility accountability; (ii) implementing national standards for improved clinical and managerial performance (strengthen credibility and capacity of accreditation commission, increase accreditation of puskesmas and private providers, ensure availability of human resources in remote areas, capacity building of LG staff in planning, budgeting, and management of health services); and, (iii) enhancing performance orientation of health financing for better local service delivery.
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Program-for-Results Fiduciary Systems Assessment 126466 MAY 22, 2018
Corruption and mismanagement of public resources can affect the quality of government services and undermine growth. Can citizens in poor communities be empowered to demand better-quality public investments?
... See More + This paper looks at whether providing social accountability training and information on project performance can lead to improvements in local development projects. It finds that offering communities a combination of training and information on project quality leads to significant improvements in household welfare. However, providing either social accountability training or project quality information by itself has no welfare effect. These results are concentrated in areas that are reported by local officials as more corrupt or mismanaged. The impacts appear to come from community members increasing their monitoring of local projects, making more complaints to local and central officials, and cooperating more. The paper also finds modest improvements in people's trust in the central government. The study is unique in its size and integration in a national program. The results suggest that government-led, large-scale social accountability programs can strengthen communities' ability to improve service delivery.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8449 MAY 21, 2018
In the post-collectivization period, rural Chinese households were required to sell part of their grain output to the state at a below-market price; however, increases in this quota price beginning in 1993 generated substantial positive income shocks.
... See More + These income shocks also varied cross-sectionally in accordance with crop composition given that quotas were systematically larger for rice-producing households, generating a quasi-random source of variation in the size of the shock driven by climatic variation in suitability for rice cultivation. Households induced to experience relatively larger income shocks show evidence of decreased agricultural investment, increased investment in non-agricultural businesses, and increased migration as households gain increased income, consistent with the hypothesis that credit constraints may have constrained some households from entering non-agricultural production ex ante. In addition, there is evidence that these households were concentrated among households who had not previously diversified out of agriculture.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8434 MAY 09, 2018
The objective of this study is to analyze how integrated policy, institutional, and regulatory interventions (institutional interventions in brief) can help align incentives for more sustainable water supply and sanitation (WSS) service delivery.
... See More + The context for the study is the enhanced global concern about the sustainability of attempts to increase access to, and improve the quality of, WSS services, as exemplified in the sustainable development goals. Aligning institutional interventions refers to harmonization among the objectives for the sector, agreed principles established through political and social processes, and the organizations and mechanisms that implement actions based on such objectives and principles. This report focuses on the formal policy, institutional, and regulatory interventions available to and or prevalent in the water sector, recognizing the critical importance of the informal conventions that will be key factors in the success of any incentive regime. Previous global initiatives offered a range of promising technical solutions that often proved to be unsustainable. New thinking that draws not only infrastructure economics but also on the understanding of political, behavioral, and institutional economics is needed. This new thinking must be grounded within the differing contextual realities of countries globally and in lessons learned from what has or has not worked with regards to achieving specific objectives.
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The development objective of the Public Administration Modernization Project for Djibouti is to enable access to e-government and promote efficiency of selected revenue administration services.
... See More + The project comprises of three components. The first component, strengthening e-government foundation and institutional building consists of three interrelated sub-components, including: (a) the development of a digital platform and e-services, (b) the establishment of a citizen service center (CSC) pilot, and (c) institution building. The second component, tax and customs modernization will support the revision of various tax legislation for more coherent and efficient tax and customs administration. The third component, project management will support the establishment and operation of a project coordination unit (PCU) located within national agency for state information system (ANSIE) to support coordination and manage project implementation.
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Indonesia has experienced strong economic growth and steady poverty reduction over the past decade,but the end of the commodity boom, accompanied by slowing poverty reduction and rising inequality, has put pressure on the country's overall economic development.
... See More + Indonesia's average annual growth rate was 5.6 percent in the period 2001-12, equivalent to a GDP per capita of about US 3,500 dollars. The national poverty rate was halved to 11.2 percent in the period from 1999 to 2015, largely through sustained growth and job creation. However, the decline in commodity prices and demand slowed growth to 4.8 percent in 2015 and 5.1 percent in 2016. The pace of poverty reduction also began to stagnate around this time, with a near zero decline in 2015, accompanied by rising inequality, from 30 points in 2000 to 41 points by 2014, as measured by the Gini coefficient.
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Ratings for the Public and Social Sector Transformation Project for Antigua and Barbuda were as follows: outcome was unsatisfactory, Bank performance was moderately unsatisfactory, and monitoring and evaluation (M and E) quality was modest.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: Importance of designing 'vanilla' operations when engaging with a first-time borrower with limited institutional capacity.The chain is as strong as its weakest link.Instead of aiming for large overall, public sector reforms, in a context such as Antigua and Barbuda’s, a project should opt for a focus on technical aspects, tailoring decisions to the borrower context.Importance of building deep, national consensus around reforms.Working with a new borrower requires a different kind of engagement.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR4379 MAR 28, 2018
