The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The World Bank’s goals are to eradicate extreme poverty, and boost shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. On the African continent, poverty reduction, economic development, and sustainability are deeply intertwined and dependent on the management of natural resources, such as land, water, forest, aquatic resources, and biodiversity, which provide the basis for livelihoods and economic sectors.
... See More + These resources, however, are highly vulnerable and under stress due to climatic factors, population growth, and poor management practices. Nearly half of Africa’s population live in ecologically sensitive drylands, and, because of frequent and severe shocks, especially droughts, the future promises to be even more challenging. Population growth and expansion of drylands due to climate change could increase the number of people living in a challenging environment by up to 70 percent by 2030, according to our recent report on Confronting Drought in Africa’s drylands: opportunities for enhancing resilience. African countries recognize the need for bold vision, strong commitment, and impactful action on the ground. The Great Green Wall Initiative, the African Resilient Landscape Initiative (ARLI), the African Forest Landscape Restoration (AFR100), the African Landscapes Action Plan (ALAP), and others create solid foundations for action. Communities, political leaders, and the private sector are acting to restore and protect Africa’s precious natural resources. There are many inspiring successes already. The World Bank has been supporting African countries’ efforts to sustainably manage their natural resources, combat desertification and land degradation, protect valuable resources, and build resilient landscapes. This brochure presents examples, highlights lesson learned, and identifies future opportunities.
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The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The Water Global Practice, under the WSS GSG Utility Turnaround thematic area, has implemented the Global Study on WSS Utility Aggregation to provide evidence-based guidance to policy makers and practitioners regarding when, why, and how water and sanitation utilities can work together ("aggregate") to successfully deliver specific policy outcomes, such as better services or lower costs.
... See More + This work builds on a review of existing literature and an analysis of both qualitative and quantitative evidence, a global data set of international trends, a utility performance database, and a series of case studies. The deep-dive of 14 case studies of aggregation processes in seven countries (Brazil, Colombia, Hungary, Indonesia, Portugal, Mozambique, Romania) allowed conducting a qualitative analysis, by centering on the stakeholders involved, the decisions made, the roles of sector actors and their incentives, and the perceived outcomes with a view to bringing forward the essence of each case experience. The selection of the countries and specific providers was done in a manner to ensure a diversity of geography, development level, size, and aggregation design.
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Working Paper 120066 AUG 01, 2017
Zenh, José Henrique; Salvetti,Maria Silvia GiovannaDisclosed
The development objective of the Gama Sanitation and Water Project for Ghana is to increase access to improved sanitation and improved water supply in the GAMA, with emphasis on low income communities; and to strengthen management of environmental sanitation in the the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA).
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) for siting of toilet facility evidence of consultation with authorities of beneficiary institution on siting of facilities; (ii) for loss of vegetation and impacts on fauna, begetation intact at areas outside demarcated construction site; (iii) for soil impacts and sediment transport observable change in turbidity of water in drains; (iv) observation of air borne particulates (dust) and exhaust fumes for air qualiy and noise; (v) records on frequency and location of waste disposal site of domestic and construction waste; (vi) use of caution tape around trenches/ excavations for public safety and traffic issues; and (vii) leakages and damage to water supply facilities.
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The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The development objective of First Phase of Mekong Integrated Water Resources Management Project of Lao People’s Democratic Republic is to improve water resource and fisheries management in selected areas of the Lower Mekong Basin.
... See More + This project has three components. 1) The first component, Regional Water Resources Management, aims to: i) support the MRC in facilitating IWRM dialogue between the Lao PDR, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam, and implementing pilot activities that address urgent IWRM trans boundary issues; ii) support the MRC in assessing and establishing an approach for environmental impact risk and disaster risk assessment in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB); iii) support the MRC in facilitating dialogue on and communication of IWRM principles to different stakeholders including inter alia: governments, private sector, civil society, and local communities; and iv) support the MRC in, inter alia : (a) implementing Component 3 of the Project and facilitating the implementation of Components 2 and 3 of the Project to maintain the coherence and consistency of activities in the LMB; and (b) the preparation of the second stage of the Program. 2) The second component, National Water Resources Management, aims to Strengthen the institutional and technical capacity for Integrated Water Resources Management through the following subcomponents: (i) Water Law and Regulation; (ii) Water Quality and Aquatic Eco-System Monitoring; (iii) Water Resources Analytics; (iv) Hydrological and Meteorological Services; and (v) Project Management Support. 3) The third component, River Basin and Aquatic Resources Management, aims to improve the management of key river basins, provide sustainable irrigation and floodplain infrastructure, and improve aquatic resources management through the following subcomponents: (i) River Basin Management; (ii) Sustainable Irrigation and Flood Management; and (iii) Fisheries Management.
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The development objective of the Gama Sanitation and Water Project for Ghana is to increase access to improved sanitation and improved water supply in the GAMA, with emphasis on low income communities; and to strengthen management of environmental sanitation in the the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA).
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) for siting of toilet facility evidence of consultation with authorities of beneficiary institution on siting of facilities; (ii) for loss of vegetation and impacts on fauna, begetation intact at areas outside demarcated construction site; (iii) for soil impacts and sediment transport observable change in turbidity of water in drains; (iv) observation of air borne particulates (dust) and exhaust fumes for air qualiy and noise; (v) records on frequency and location of waste disposal site of domestic and construction waste; (vi) use of caution tape around trenches/ excavations for public safety and traffic issues; and (vii) leakages and damage to water supply facilities.
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Africa’s urban population is growing rapidly. Between 2000 and 2015, the urban population increased by more than 80 percent from 206 million to 373 million people.
... See More + Although access to piped water increased over the period (from 82 million urban dwellers with piped water in 2000 to 124 million in 2015), African utilities were not able to keep up with the rapid urbanization as reflected in the decline of piped water as a primary source of water supply in percentage terms. The objective of this assessment is to inform Bank and government policies and projects on the drivers of utility performance. The report describes the main outcomes and lessons learned from the assessment that identified and analyzed the main features of water utility performance in Africa. The report includes the following chapters: chapter one gives introduction, chapter two describes the methodology used in the study, including details on the data collection process. In chapter three, the study team undertook a trend analysis of utility performance of the sector. Chapter four examines the efficiency of utilities using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) while also using an absolute performance approach. Chapter five investigates the effect of institutional factors on utility performance. Chapter six presents an econometric analysis of the drivers of utility performance, using various definitions of utility performance. The results from the econometric models are triangulated with a set of case studies of five utilities (Burkina Faso’s l’Office National de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement (ONEA), Cote d’Ivoire’s la société de distribution d’eau de la Côte d’Ivoire (SODECI), Kenya’s Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company (NCWSC), Senegal’s Sénégalaise des Eaux (SDE), and Uganda’s National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), similar to those that the electricity study team undertook, which are presented in chapter seven. The report concludes in chapter eight with the lessons learned from the assessment.
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Working Paper 113075 MAY 01, 2017
Van Den Berg,Caroline; Danilenko,Alexander V.EnglishDisclosed
This report aims to provide key highlights from two decades of IWMI research and the broader irrigation literature on agricultural water productivity, with an emphasis on the evolution and application of the concept, highlighting its contributions and limitations while identifying opportunities for further refinements in the way it is understood and applied.
... See More + Chapter two describes the origins of the concept of agricultural water productivity and its methodological developments. Chapter three illustrates the different ways the concept has been operationalized in applied research, offers a description of the pathways—with their associated interventions, for improving water productivity, and discusses the contributions to broader development objectives. Based on these, and considering the broader literature, Chapter four presents a set of key lessons and insights from two decades of research on water productivity. Chapter five concludes by highlighting how a focus on agricultural water productivity has brought greater attention to critical water scarcity and management issues. Important strategic opportunities remain, however, for continued improvements in technologies and management practices, data sources, and interdisciplinary research to develop and apply more comprehensive approaches to address water scarcity concerns and, ultimately, make progress towards broader development objectives.
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Working Paper 114060 APR 03, 2017
Giordano, Meredith; Turral,Hugh; Scheierling,Susanne M.; Tréguer, David O.; McCornick, Peter G.Disclosed
With 700 million people residing in rural India over a large and diverse topography, providing access to safe drinking water is a significant challenge.
... See More + The government has tried, playing a key role in financing and implementing drinking water schemes. However, about 30 percent of urban and 90 percent of rural households still depend completely on untreated surface or groundwater. The health and economic burdens of poor drinking water are enormous. It is estimated that about 21 percent of communicable diseases in India are water-related. In response, Waterlife, a for-profit company based out of Hyderabad, has experimented with an innovative business model—building and operating stand-alone water purification plants in underserved areas of India that would otherwise have no access to safe drinking water. Waterlife partners with local governments to provide the location and money for construction of the plants. Customers pay a small fee to fill up their 20-liter water jars, and this fee is used to pay back the government expenditure and cover ongoing plant maintenance and operations. The Waterlife model builds strong community ownership due to a transparent operating system with responsive customer service; community awareness campaigns on the importance of safe drinking water; locations in convenient public settings; and the training of a local corps of villagers to manage plant operations and maintenance. Impact can be seen in a reduced incidence of waterborne diseases and related medical expenses and improved job opportunities and school attendance for local villages. The expectation is that if continued and expanded, the utilization of Waterlife plants will enhance long-term economic and health development outcomes for disadvantaged and disenfranchised populations in India.
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The objective of the Additional Financing for the Water and Sanitation Services Improvement Project for Kenya is to (a) increase access to reliable, affordable and sustainable water supply and sanitation services; and (b) to improve water and wastewater services in the areas served by Athi Water Services Board (AWSB), Coastal Water Services Board (CWSB) and Lake Victoria North Water Services Board (LVNWSB).
... See More + Negative impacts include noise, dust and smoke onto the natural environment, occupational hazards, health and safety aspects, loss of vegetation cover, waste management during the construction and operational stages and the project’s impact on socio-cultural and economy of the environment during its operational stages, etc. Mitigation measures include: strict control under construction contract to limit these impacts to acceptable levels; watering to be enforced to keep dust levels low; exercise shall be carried during normal working hours; ensure that pipeline connections and joints are regularly checked; disposal to be done by the authorized refuse handlers; regular collection of wastes to avoid accumulation at the site; the chemical and bacteriological quality tests to be done regularly; and the community should disinfect the water before use.
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The development objective of the First Capacity Augmentation of the National Waterway Project for India is to enhance transport efficiency and reliability of national waterway 1 (NW-1) and augment institutional capacity for the development and management of India's inland waterway transport system in an environmentally sustainable manner.
... See More + The project comprises of two components. The first component, improving the navigability of NW-1 (Haldia to Varanasi) includes six sub-components: (i) retroactive financing for detailed topographic and bathymetric surveys, preparation of technical feasibility and detailed engineering studies, preparation of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) studies, and other supporting technical assistance and studies for project preparation, most of which have been completed; (ii) improvement of river fairway through dredging and river conservancy works; (iii) construction of permanent protection works for erosion- prone banks in selected locations, totaling up to 40 km; (iv) rehabilitation of the existing Farakka ship lock and construction of a new parallel lock to allow concurrent two-way working; (v) construction of: (i) six multimodal and inter-modal freight terminals with future provision to allow evolution as market clusters, (ii) two vessel repair and maintenance facilities, and (iii) five pairs of Ro-Ro crossings; and (vi) sixth sub-component includes: (i) navigational aids in the form of night navigation facilities and channel marking; (ii) enhancement of the existing river information service (RIS) through addition of app-based systems, an improved communication platform, and expanded user reach; (iii) support for the development of a terminal management system (TMS); and (iv) provision of other support services, for example, search and rescue, distress response and casualty incident management, and upgrading vessel and river monitoring systems. The second component, strengthening institutional capacities and improving the investment climate, vessel design, and the construction framework includes three sub-components: (i) institutional strengthening of sector institutions and capacity building of the sector; (ii) improving the overall investment climate; and (iii) third sub-component includes: (i) vessel design and standardization with a focus on low draft and efficient and clean fuel (LNG) vessels; (ii) undertaking public and private stakeholder consultations to encourage investment in modern vessel technology through review of fiscal and other barriers hindering vessel construction; and (iii) construction and or leasing of 10 low-draft vessels to kick-start the use of modern vessels in NW-1.
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The development objective of the Erosion and Watershed Management Project for Nigeria is to reduce vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted sub-watersheds.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) land for land compensation is preferred priority, or cash compensation at replacement value based on market rate plus 10 percent compulsory acquisition surcharge as second option; (2) estimated net income for each lost cropping season, based on land record averages of crops and area planted in the previous four years; (3) cash compensation for loss of built-up structures at full replacement costs; and (4) restoration of livelihood (vocational training) and subsistence allowance at agreed rate per day for a total of 6 months while enrolled in a vocational training facility.
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