The development objective of the Zhejiang Qiandao Lake and Xin'an River Basin Water Resources and Ecological Environment Protection Project for China is to develop demonstrative integrated watershed management practices and to reduce pollution and improve forest ecological environment in priority areas of the Qiandao Lake catchment in Zhejiang.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include : (i) land compensation, resettlement fees and compensation for young crops; (ii) compensation for cultivated crops for individuals renting land for farming; (iii) new residential land, cash compensation for the affected buildings at full replacement cost, relocation allowance, temporary relocation transition; (iv) cash compensation based on assessed market prices for owners of affected buildings on state-owned land; (v) new business land, or cash compensation based on replacement cost for loss of no-residential buildings; (vi) cash compensation based on the replacement cost for loss of appendages and other assets; (vii) restore the affected facilities to their original state and function, or supply recovery funds to the relevant departments for loss of infrastructure; and (viii) give extra support, to ensure that their income levels and living standards to restore or improve various types of direct loss.
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This report presents water efficiency solutions adopted by three manufacturing companies in Europe and Central Asia. These companies operate in countries with some of the region’s lowest water tariffs.
... See More + A recent drive to expand their operations, cut costs, and improve environmental sustainability led them to focus on water use. The task force reviewed the blueprint and identified investments that can yield immediate cost savings. First, the company needed to modernize the freshwater treatment and monitoring process. Second, the cooling tower was old and inefficient, using large amounts of energy yet still failing to cool sufficiently. The improvements also yielded benefits in the regulatory sphere, as the company no longer faced expensive environmental penalties for the quality of its wastewater.
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This report presents water efficiency solutions adopted by three manufacturing companies in Europe and Central Asia. These companies operate in countries with some of the region’s lowest water tariffs.
... See More + A recent drive to expand their operations, cut costs, and improve environmental sustainability led them to focus on water use. The task force reviewed the blueprint and identified investments that can yield immediate cost savings. First, the company needed to modernize the freshwater treatment and monitoring process. Second, the cooling tower was old and inefficient, using large amounts of energy yet still failing to cool sufficiently. The improvements also yielded benefits in the regulatory sphere, as the company no longer faced expensive environmental penalties for the quality of its wastewater.
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Solar photovoltaic water pumping (SWP) uses energy from solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to power an electric water pump. The entire process, from sunlight to stored energy, is elegant and simple.
... See More + Over last seven years, the technology and price of solar pumping have evolved dramatically and hence the opportunities it presents. Solar pumping is most competitive in regions with high solar insolation, which include most of Africa, South America, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. This book focuses on the basics of Solar pumping.
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Ratings for the Sao Paulo Water Recovery Project for Brazil were as follows: outcomes were moderately unsatisfactory, the risk to development outcome was moderate, the Bank performance was moderately unsatisfactory, and the Borrower performance was also moderately unsatisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: the formulation of the projects’ innovative results-based approach required a substantial effort in preparing the set of normative in order to make them consistent and operational. Innovative financing schemes might trigger legal aspects the legislation in place does not contemplate, requiring long and complex juridical approval processes. Therefore, the preparation of a results-based operation must include the full development of the set of legal and operative normative prior to project implementation. The results-based proposal selection and contract signing must be fast. The long process discourages the operators interested in participating and causes the proposals to become outdated. In order to speed up the implementation of results-based activities, the selection process needs to prioritize proposals that demonstrate more advanced implementation status from the engineering perspective, as well as regarding compliance with the environmental legislation. It should also contemplate the availability of land, when required, and seek the participation of well-structured providers complying with a defined management capacity threshold. In addition, the results-based contract must include mechanisms adjusting the reference unit prices to inflation, particularly, for those activities requiring long implementation periods. The absence of rules that preserve the contract value might result in breaking the supporting financial balance and its feasibility. Complexity or long implementation interventions and sustainability conditions need to be revisited in case replication of the Project is envisioned. Activities requiring long implementation and complex compliance with the environmental legislation, such as the construction of WWTPs, are most likely not good candidates for financing operations limited to a five-year implementation period because the sustainability time might exceed the implementation period. In order to ensure solid sustainability conditions, the sustainability period considered under the Project needed to be revised, in particular for those activities that depended on deep cultural and institutional changes, as it is the case for the WWTPs.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR3902 NOV 29, 2017
Ratings of Xinjiang Turfan Water Conservation Project for China were as follows: outcomes were highly satisfactory, risk to development outcome was moderate, Bank performance was satisfactory, and Borrower performance was satisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: (i) one important factor underpinning project success was the high-level political support given by the local and provincial governments to the project; (ii) an important outcome of this project is that it stands as a model for the integration of supply-side water management with and demand-side management; (iii) the Soft skills elements and the IT and Knowledge Management systems of the project should be planned to be completed earlier (at least one year before the project end date); (iv) modern irrigation technologies , if applied together with setting and controlling a cap on overall water consumption, shows concrete results in saving water; and (v) investing in low-cost cloud-based solutions for data storage and processing.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR4258 OCT 13, 2017
The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The World Bank’s goals are to eradicate extreme poverty, and boost shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. On the African continent, poverty reduction, economic development, and sustainability are deeply intertwined and dependent on the management of natural resources, such as land, water, forest, aquatic resources, and biodiversity, which provide the basis for livelihoods and economic sectors.
... See More + These resources, however, are highly vulnerable and under stress due to climatic factors, population growth, and poor management practices. Nearly half of Africa’s population live in ecologically sensitive drylands, and, because of frequent and severe shocks, especially droughts, the future promises to be even more challenging. Population growth and expansion of drylands due to climate change could increase the number of people living in a challenging environment by up to 70 percent by 2030, according to our recent report on Confronting Drought in Africa’s drylands: opportunities for enhancing resilience. African countries recognize the need for bold vision, strong commitment, and impactful action on the ground. The Great Green Wall Initiative, the African Resilient Landscape Initiative (ARLI), the African Forest Landscape Restoration (AFR100), the African Landscapes Action Plan (ALAP), and others create solid foundations for action. Communities, political leaders, and the private sector are acting to restore and protect Africa’s precious natural resources. There are many inspiring successes already. The World Bank has been supporting African countries’ efforts to sustainably manage their natural resources, combat desertification and land degradation, protect valuable resources, and build resilient landscapes. This brochure presents examples, highlights lesson learned, and identifies future opportunities.
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One of the most pervasive development issues related to the provision of rural water supply and sanitation services (RWSS) is their lack of sustainability.
... See More + Assessing and measuring sustainability is a difficult task for which there has not emerged a consensus on which indicators to use. Unlike in the urban water supply and sanitation where there exist universally recognized indicators, the rural water supply and sanitation sub-sector still lacks a universal metrics global framework. This is because the rural water sector has a wide variety of service levels (water points and piped systems) as well as type of service providers (communities, governments and private sector). The adoption of such universal framework by adapting country monitoring systems will facilitate improved national and global reporting and analysis. This publication summarizes the methodology and conclusions of a study aimed at proposing a Rural Water Metrics Framework that was based on the findings of analyzing 40 RWSS frameworks. The proposed Global Framework contains minimum, basic, and advanced indicators to be tailored according to each country context. The study finalizes presenting a total of 24 indicators as being key to monitoring RWSS and proposes further validation and dissemination with regional and global partners in the short term, as well as engagement with regional platforms working on water issues for their framework adoption in the long-term to support data sharing and analysis.
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The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The Water Global Practice, under the WSS GSG Utility Turnaround thematic area, has implemented the Global Study on WSS Utility Aggregation to provide evidence-based guidance to policy makers and practitioners regarding when, why, and how water and sanitation utilities can work together ("aggregate") to successfully deliver specific policy outcomes, such as better services or lower costs.
... See More + This work builds on a review of existing literature and an analysis of both qualitative and quantitative evidence, a global data set of international trends, a utility performance database, and a series of case studies. The deep-dive of 14 case studies of aggregation processes in seven countries (Brazil, Colombia, Hungary, Indonesia, Portugal, Mozambique, Romania) allowed conducting a qualitative analysis, by centering on the stakeholders involved, the decisions made, the roles of sector actors and their incentives, and the perceived outcomes with a view to bringing forward the essence of each case experience. The selection of the countries and specific providers was done in a manner to ensure a diversity of geography, development level, size, and aggregation design.
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Working Paper 119812 AUG 01, 2017
Zenh, José Henrique; Salvetti,Maria Silvia GiovannaDisclosed
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is among the five poorest countries in the world, whether measured by poverty rate or number of poor. Political instability and rapid demographic growth—the second highest in Africa—have driven an increase in the total number of poor that puts extreme pressure on the country’s derelict infrastructure.
... See More + Access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is low, with particularly dramatic shortfalls among the poorest and rural dwellers, but a pervasive lack of truly safe services even among wealthier and urban households. Water contamination is common even among households with access to piped water in major urban areas, and nearly universal in the rural areas surveyed by this diagnostic. This contamination is making WASH a key contributing factor to a silent emergency that is placing DRC’s poor and rapidly growing population at risk of permanent disconnect: widespread malnutrition. Malnutrition is especially common among DRC’s children (43 percent in 2014) and has been shown to have irreversible negative effects on physical and cognitive development. This diagnostic analyses these trends and links them to institutional weaknesses in the WASH sector, in particular institutional fragmentation, weak capacity, and a bias toward specific institutions and services. Opportunities for improvement are analyzed and condensed into six clear messages that provide guidance on the way forward for the WASH sector in the DRC.
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The Water Global Practice, under the WSS GSG Utility Turnaround thematic area, has implemented the Global Study on WSS Utility Aggregation to provide evidence-based guidance to policy makers and practitioners regarding when, why, and how water and sanitation utilities can work together ("aggregate") to successfully deliver specific policy outcomes, such as better services or lower costs.
... See More + This work builds on a review of existing literature and an analysis of both qualitative and quantitative evidence, a global data set of international trends, a utility performance database, and a series of case studies. The deep-dive of 14 case studies of aggregation processes in seven countries (Brazil, Colombia, Hungary, Indonesia, Portugal, Mozambique, Romania) allowed conducting a qualitative analysis, by centering on the stakeholders involved, the decisions made, the roles of sector actors and their incentives, and the perceived outcomes with a view to bringing forward the essence of each case experience. The selection of the countries and specific providers was done in a manner to ensure a diversity of geography, development level, size, and aggregation design.
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Working Paper 120066 AUG 01, 2017
Zenh, José Henrique; Salvetti,Maria Silvia GiovannaDisclosed
The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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