This overview of climate change activities in Tajikistan is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio of the major development partners in a number of climate-sensitive sectors, namely energy, agriculture, forestry and natural resources, water, health, and transport.
... See More + Recognizing the nature and significance of climate change contribution to an increase in disaster risk, the note also looks into the development partners' approaches and measures in this area. The note further provides a brief overview of Tajikistan's climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change and suggests potential ways forward that could help Tajikistan mainstream low-carbon, climate-resilient development.
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This overview of climate change activities in Turkmenistan is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio in a number of sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, water, health, energy, and transport.
... See More + This note further provides a brief overview of Turkmenistan's climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change as well as suggests potential ways forward that could help Turkmenistan mainstream climate considerations into development activities and planning and create public demand for climate actions.
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This overview of climate change activities in Uzbekistan is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio in a number of sectors, namely agriculture, forestry and natural resources, water, health, energy, and transport.
... See More + The note further provides a brief overview of Uzbekistan's climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change as well as suggests potential ways forward that could help Uzbekistan mainstream climate considerations into development activities and planning and create public demand for climate actions.
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This overview of climate change activities in Kazakhstan is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio of the major development partners in a number of climate-sensitive sectors, namely energy, agriculture, forestry, and natural resources, water, health, and transport.
... See More + Recognizing the nature and significance of climate change contribution to an increase in disaster risk, the note also looks into the development partners' approaches and measures in this area. The note further provides a brief overview of Kazakhstan's climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change and suggests potential ways forward that can help Kazakhstan mainstream low-carbon, climate-resilient development.
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This overview of climate change activities in the Kyrgyz Republic is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio in a number of sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, water, health, energy, and transport.
... See More + Recognizing the nature and significance of climate change contribution to an increase in disaster risk, the note also looks into the development partners' approaches and measures in this area. This note further provides a brief overview of the Kyrgyz Republic climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change as well as suggests potential ways forward that can help the Kyrgyz Republic mainstream climate considerations into development activities and planning and create public demand for climate actions.
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This overview of climate change activities in Turkmenistan is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio in a number of sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, water, health, energy, and transport.
... See More + This note further provides a brief overview of Turkmenistan's climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change as well as suggests potential ways forward that could help Turkmenistan mainstream climate considerations into development activities and planning and create public demand for climate actions.
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This overview of climate change activities in Kazakhstan is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio of the major development partners in a number of climate-sensitive sectors, namely energy, agriculture, forestry, and natural resources, water, health, and transport.
... See More + Recognizing the nature and significance of climate change contribution to an increase in disaster risk, the note also looks into the development partners' approaches and measures in this area. The note further provides a brief overview of Kazakhstan's climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change and suggests potential ways forward that can help Kazakhstan mainstream low-carbon, climate-resilient development.
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This overview of climate change activities in the Kyrgyz Republic is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio in a number of sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, water, health, energy, and transport.
... See More + Recognizing the nature and significance of climate change contribution to an increase in disaster risk, the note also looks into the development partners' approaches and measures in this area. This note further provides a brief overview of the Kyrgyz Republic climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change as well as suggests potential ways forward that can help the Kyrgyz Republic mainstream climate considerations into development activities and planning and create public demand for climate actions.
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This overview of climate change activities in Tajikistan is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio of the major development partners in a number of climate-sensitive sectors, namely energy, agriculture, forestry and natural resources, water, health, and transport.
... See More + Recognizing the nature and significance of climate change contribution to an increase in disaster risk, the note also looks into the development partners' approaches and measures in this area. The note further provides a brief overview of Tajikistan's climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change and suggests potential ways forward that could help Tajikistan mainstream low-carbon, climate-resilient development.
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This overview of climate change activities in Uzbekistan is part of a series of country notes for five Central Asian countries that summarize climate portfolio in a number of sectors, namely agriculture, forestry and natural resources, water, health, energy, and transport.
... See More + The note further provides a brief overview of Uzbekistan's climate context in terms of observed impacts and historical trends as well as climate projections specific to sectors that are considered to be essential to the country's economic development. Finally, the note assesses national policy and institutional context related to climate change as well as suggests potential ways forward that could help Uzbekistan mainstream climate considerations into development activities and planning and create public demand for climate actions.
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The cost of energy in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, as elsewhere, is an important policy issue, as shown by the concerns for energy affordability during the past harsh winter.
... See More + Governments try to moderate the burden of energy expenditures that is experienced by households through subsidies to the energy providers, so that households pay tariffs below the cost recovery level for the energy they use. Balancing competing claims- fiscal and environmental concerns which will push for raising energy tariffs on the one hand and affordability and political economy concerns which push for keeping tariffs artificially low on the other is a task that policy makers in the region are increasingly unable to put off. While challenging, the reforms needed for this balancing act can build on much that has been learned in the last decade about improving the effectiveness of social assistance systems and increasing energy efficiency. This is the first report to assess, at the micro level for the whole region, the distributional impact of raising energy tariffs to cost recovery levels and to simulate policy options to cushion these impacts. The analysis relies on a unique database of standardized household surveys that covers the majority of countries in the region. This report adopts broad country groupings to identify commonalities across sub regions. This report focuses on two main sources of energy used by households: electricity and gas.
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In the two decades since they started their transition from command to market economy, countries in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) have gone through difficult changes.
... See More + During the 1990s, the first post-transition decade, many countries in the region reformed their economic systems. The reward was a recovery of output and incomes. In the second decade, the 2000s, policy makers focused on making this growth more inclusive. Poverty rates fell further, and public services and social security got better. The recent economic turmoil has caused setbacks, increasing both fiscal gaps and social hardship. But during this third decade, countries in ECA should not get distracted from giving attention to the third development objective, that of putting their economies on an environmentally sustainable growth path which improves the ecology and provides citizens with the quality of life that they expect. The time has come to elevate environmental sustainability, including a stable and predictable climate, to a development objective alongside economic growth and social inclusion. If this is done right, over the next two decades ECA's growth will be quicker, kinder, and cleaner.
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The cost of energy in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, as elsewhere, is an important policy issue, as shown by the concerns for energy affordability during the past harsh winter.
... See More + Governments try to moderate the burden of energy expenditures that is experienced by households through subsidies to the energy providers, so that households pay tariffs below the cost recovery level for the energy they use. These subsidies result in significant pressures on government budgets when international prices rise. They also provide perverse incentives for the overconsumption of energy as households do not pay the true cost of energy, and therefore, have fewer incentives to save or to invest in energy efficiency. Balancing competing claims-fiscal and environmental concerns which would push for raising energy tariffs on the one hand and affordability and political economy concerns which push for keeping tariffs artificially low on the other-is a task that policy makers in the region are increasingly unable to put off. Addressing this issue is all the more pressing as the ongoing crisis continues to add stress to government budgets, and that international energy prices remain high. This is the first report to assess, at the micro level for the whole region, the distributional impact of raising energy tariffs to cost recovery levels and to simulate policy options to cushion these impacts.
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