These tools were written for use by people who want to research issues in the economics of tobacco control in a specific country. The tools aim to provide clear step-by-step guidance on what analysis to do, how to do it, and how to report and present the results. Each tool has been written by an expert in the field, and reviewed by 2 or more peers.
Tool 1 was initially planned in 2002 when the toolkit was published, but was never finalized. Thus, the modules are numbered 2-7. This is the complete series.
This tool is one in a series written for use by people who want to research issues in the economics of tobacco control in a specific country. The tools aim to provide clear step-by-step guidance on what analysis to do, how to do it, and how to report and present the results.
... See More + Tool 5 explains how to estimate tobacco-related employment, and how to estimate the possible impact that a fall in tobacco consumption would have on total employment. This tool provides guidance in conducting analyses on two important issues related to the employment aspect of tobacco control: 1) estimating the number of jobs directly related to the tobacco industry; and 2) estimating the impact of reducing tobacco use on employment. This tool is intended for researchers, public health practitioners, and policymakers of tobacco control. This tool provides basic information on various arguments and concerns related to employment and the consequences thereof as a result of a reduction in tobacco consumption. More importantly, this is a practical tool offering concise, step-by-step instructions on counting the number of jobs directly associated with the tobacco industry, and measuring the impact of a reduction in tobacco consumption on employment.
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Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80578 JAN 01, 2002
This tool is one in a series written for use by people who want to research issues in the economics of tobacco control in a specific country. The tools aim to provide clear step-by-step guidance on what analysis to do, how to do it, and how to report and present the results.
... See More + Tool 6 discusses how to investigate the likely impact of tobacco control on poor people. Currently there are approximately 4 million tobacco related deaths annually. If present trends continue, by the year 2030 the number of deaths will soar to about 10 million annual deaths, with 7 million in low-income countries. However, government action to establish various tobacco control initiatives can prevent this from happening and save a significant number of lives. Tobacco control measures include: i) raising tobacco prices by imposing higher excise taxes; ii) advertising and marketing bans and restrictions; and iii) clean indoor air provisions. A popular and valid concern holds that raising tobacco excise taxes for the purposes of tobacco control imposes an untenable and unfair burden on the poor. In short, it is argued that higher tobacco excise taxes increase inequality in the post-tax distribution of income and reduces the real incomes of a particularly vulnerable group, the poor. This tool discusses a number of approaches in which to examine the validity of this argument. Techniques to analyze the impact of tobacco consumption and tobacco taxes on the poor are explained. And analytical methods using country-specific data are examined so that policy analysts can effectively address concerns about the poor, tobacco consumption, and tobacco control policies.
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Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80579 JAN 01, 2002
Yurekli, Ayda; Beyer, Joy de; Peck, Richard M.Disclosed
This tool is one in a series written for use by people who want to research issues in the economics of tobacco control in a specific country. The tools aim to provide clear step-by-step guidance on what analysis to do, how to do it, and how to report and present the results.
... See More + Tool 7 explains the types of tobacco product smuggling and different methods to estimate the size of the problem. With this knowledge policy responses can be developed and further monitored in order to establish their effectiveness, appropriateness, and impact on other policy goals. For example, if enhanced tax revenue is one goal of a tobacco taxation policy, smuggling can be an important consideration, since smuggled tobacco avoids taxation. Likewise, tobacco smuggling can have an impact on health policies, as it can be difficult to regulate health warnings and conditions of sale on smuggled tobacco. More specifically, by using the methods presented in this tool, a more accurate and objective understanding of tobacco smuggling can be gained. Tobacco manufacturers, distributors and sellers, and others with a narrow self-interest in the design of tobacco control policy often misrepresent the degree of tobacco smuggling. Well documented, methodologically sound, quantitative estimates of tobacco smuggling are a useful tool for educating policymakers about the costs and benefits of various policies. Moreover, unbiased estimates of smuggling, and the change in smuggling over time, are essential tools to evaluate the success of many tobacco control policies.
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Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80580 JAN 01, 2001
Yurekli, Ayda; Beyer, Joy de; Merriman, DavidDisclosed
This tool is one in a series written for use by people who want to research issues in the economics of tobacco control in a specific country. The tools aim to provide clear step-by-step guidance on what analysis to do, how to do it, and how to report and present the results.
... See More + Tool 4 details the design and administration of tobacco taxes, comparing specific and ad valorem taxes. The purpose of this tool is to help the reader understand the structure, design, and administration of tobacco taxes. There is no doubt about the adverse health impacts of tobacco use. In both developed and developing countries, the Ministries of health, tobacco interest groups, academia, and advocates against tobacco strongly believe that tobacco consumption should be reduced, and that tobacco taxes are the single most cost-effective policy tool to achieve this goal. This tool discusses some of the issues surrounding tobacco taxes from the perspectives of consumers, public health advocates, politicians, and government administrators. Guidance is provided in how to satisfy the goals of these players without compromising their interests. This tool is intended primarily for public health advocates, policy makers, tax administration staff, and government officials. Public health advocates will gain information on the various types of tobacco taxes and which type can best reduce cigarette consumption. The tool also discusses whether and how increased tobacco taxes create a financial burden on consumers, especially the poor. Since tobacco taxes are often justified from the public health perspective, this tool includes another point of view-that of the policy maker and the tax administrator. Designing and administering tobacco taxes is a process unique to every government. There are too many variables-from tobacco and tobacco product usage to the objective and purpose of taxation to the viable and most effective method of imposing and administering a tax-to allow for a general rule of thumb regarding tobacco excise taxes. Therefore, this tool cannot present universally applicable methods to apply, mathematical models or formulas to fulfill, or step-by-step instructions to follow.
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Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80577 JAN 01, 2001
Ayda Yurekli; Joy de Beyer; Yurekli, AydaDisclosed
This tool is one in a series written for use by people who want to research issues in the economics of tobacco control in a specific country. The tools aim to provide clear step-by-step guidance on what analysis to do, how to do it, and how to report and present the results.
... See More + Tool 2 describes the data needed, where to find it, and how to prepare data for use. It addresses a number of issues pertaining to the search, identification and preparation of data for meaningful economic analysis. It can best be thought of as a reference mechanism that provides support for the occasionally frustrated but endlessly hungry researcher working through the adventures of tobacco control analysis. Most countries in the world today report at least a basic set of national economic and social information. In addition, aggregate or 'macro' level data is also largely available at sub-national levels of these societies and captures information that's reflective of regional, state, provincial, county or other jurisdictional divisions of the country. Consumption represents product use. Therefore, data on tobacco consumption reflects the amount of tobacco products used by a consumer. Data on tobacco product consumption is required for any economic analysis related to the demand for tobacco. Tobacco consumption information can be obtained through surveys of households and/or individual consumers. National population surveys and censuses interview random samples of individuals and/or households in an effort to obtain behavioral and socioeconomic information that will best describe the characteristics of the nation's current population.
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Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80575 JAN 01, 2001
Ayda Yurekli; Joy de Beyer; Czart, Christina; Chaloupka, FrankDisclosed
This tool is one in a series written for use by people who want to research issues in the economics of tobacco control in a specific country. The tools aim to provide clear step-by-step guidance on what analysis to do, how to do it, and how to report and present the results.
... See More + Tool 3 explains how to estimate the price elasticity of demand for tobacco products, and how these elasticity estimates can be used to predict the likely impact of changes in tax rates on consumption and on government revenues. This tool includes discussions of basic economic and analysis principles (written for non-specialists such as policy makers and analysts) and more advanced technical points (intended for use by the economists and econometricians who will undertake the actual demand analysis). Consumption of tobacco products includes both smoked categories (e.g., cigarettes, hand-rolled tobacco, pipe tobacco, cigars, bidis, kreteks, etc.) and smokeless types (such as snuff and chewing tobacco). In industrialized countries, cigarettes disproportionately influence tobacco epidemics. This tool discusses and presents, in technical detail, each of the steps necessary to conduct an economic demand analysis on tobacco products. In addition, the reader is presented the fundamentals of demand analysis, including its purpose, assumptions, and requirements. In turn, the reasons to intervene in the market for tobacco products stem from the destructive nature of tobacco consumption.
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Working Paper (Numbered Series) 80576 JAN 01, 2001
Ayda Yurekli; Joy de Beyer; Wilkins, Nick; Yurekli, Ayda; Hu, Teh-weiDisclosed
