The paper delves into the implications of a failure to account for rental regulation in the measurement of households' welfare, poverty, and inequality when using household surveys.
... See More + Exploiting previously unavailable data for the Egyptian case, the paper illustrates the long-lasting distortions in the rental market that the 1977 rental law has created. The paper finds evidence that earlier studies may have substantially underestimated households’ welfare in urban areas and overestimated urban poverty. National poverty rates show smaller corrections, as poverty is mainly a rural phenomenon in the Arab Republic of Egypt. An appropriate measure of welfare also led to downward corrections in inequality in urban Egypt, while increasing the inequality across regions. These effects counterbalance each other and nationwide inequality estimates are affected only slightly.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8152 JUL 20, 2017
The objective of the Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project is to improve the capacity of Oyo State to effectively manage flood risk in the city of Ibadan.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: clearing of bushes and uprooting of trees around the dam area could lead to loss of vegetation; the process of mechanical clearing of vegetation could lead to the introduction of exotic species of plants, which could out-compete native species leading to an alteration of species composition and abundance; potential loss of vegetation as a result of movement of vehicles; potential loss of vegetation as a result of dismantling of dam structure and other civil works; potential lack of access to surface water by riparian users during dredging, remedial works on spillway, operating and gourd valves assessment; potential disruption of water supply to the treatment plant during dredging, remedial works on spillway, operating and gourd valves assessment; use of harmful chemical products during bush clearing around dam area could lead to contamination of surface water (increased heavy metal concentration) leading to health complications for riparian users; ensure all materials used for these activities are contamination-free. All machineries used during the rehabilitation works shall be pre-mobbed before use to prevent accidental seepage of hydrocarbon or leakage of hazardous substances; properly reinforce dug out portions and protect from rainfall; and ensure fill materials are free from possible contamination and where available, source materials around the project area.
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The objective of the Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project is to improve the capacity of Oyo State to effectively manage flood risk in the city of Ibadan.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: clearing of bushes and uprooting of trees around the dam area could lead to loss of vegetation; the process of mechanical clearing of vegetation could lead to the introduction of exotic species of plants, which could out-compete native species leading to an alteration of species composition and abundance; potential loss of vegetation as a result of movement of vehicles; potential loss of vegetation as a result of dismantling of dam structure and other civil works; potential lack of access to surface water by riparian users during dredging, remedial works on spillway, operating and gourd valves assessment; potential disruption of water supply to the treatment plant during dredging, remedial works on spillway, operating and gourd valves assessment; use of harmful chemical products during bush clearing around dam area could lead to contamination of surface water (increased heavy metal concentration) leading to health complications for riparian users; ensure all materials used for these activities are contamination-free. All machineries used during the rehabilitation works shall be pre-mobbed before use to prevent accidental seepage of hydrocarbon or leakage of hazardous substances; properly reinforce dug out portions and protect from rainfall; and ensure fill materials are free from possible contamination and where available, source materials around the project area.
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The objective of the Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project is to improve the capacity of Oyo State to effectively manage flood risk in the city of Ibadan.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: clearing of bushes and uprooting of trees around the dam area could lead to loss of vegetation; the process of mechanical clearing of vegetation could lead to the introduction of exotic species of plants, which could out-compete native species leading to an alteration of species composition and abundance; potential loss of vegetation as a result of movement of vehicles; potential loss of vegetation as a result of dismantling of dam structure and other civil works; potential lack of access to surface water by riparian users during dredging, remedial works on spillway, operating and gourd valves assessment; potential disruption of water supply to the treatment plant during dredging, remedial works on spillway, operating and gourd valves assessment; use of harmful chemical products during bush clearing around dam area could lead to contamination of surface water (increased heavy metal concentration) leading to health complications for riparian users; ensure all materials used for these activities are contamination-free. All machineries used during the rehabilitation works shall be pre-mobbed before use to prevent accidental seepage of hydrocarbon or leakage of hazardous substances; properly reinforce dug out portions and protect from rainfall; and ensure fill materials are free from possible contamination and where available, source materials around the project area.
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The development objective of Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project for Nigeria is to improve the capacity of Oyo State to manage livelihood, Bank Policy strongly recommends offering land in compensation for lost land so that the land based economy can be maintained; (ii) where poor people are involved, it is often necessary to provide special assistance to assure that people manage their compensation adequately; (iii) special care should be taken with vulnerable people who lack flood risk and to respond effectively and promptly to flooding in the city of Ibadan.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) when affected people depend primarily on land for their livelihood, Bank Policy strongly recommends offering land in compensation for lost land so that the land based economy can be maintained; (ii) where poor people are involved, it is often necessary to provide special assistance to assure that people manage their compensation adequately; (iii) special care should be taken with vulnerable people who lack social support necessary to allow them to restore their prior life style; (iv) other forms of compensation involve retraining people for other professions for which there is a demand; (v) cash compensation is acceptable only when there is an active market in land or other assets that people can acquire in order to restore their livelihoods; and (vi) entitlements are goods, services and sometimes cash made available to affected people to offset their losses caused by the taking of land.
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The objective of the Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project is to improve the capacity of Oyo State to effectively manage flood risk in the city of Ibadan.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: clearing of bushes and uprooting of trees around the dam area could lead to loss of vegetation; the process of mechanical clearing of vegetation could lead to the introduction of exotic species of plants, which could out-compete native species leading to an alteration of species composition and abundance; potential loss of vegetation as a result of movement of vehicles; potential loss of vegetation as a result of dismantling of dam structure and other civil works; potential lack of access to surface water by riparian users during dredging, remedial works on spillway, operating and gourd valves assessment; potential disruption of water supply to the treatment plant during dredging, remedial works on spillway, operating and gourd valves assessment; use of harmful chemical products during bush clearing around dam area could lead to contamination of surface water (increased heavy metal concentration) leading to health complications for riparian users; ensure all materials used for these activities are contamination-free. All machineries used during the rehabilitation works shall be pre-mobbed before use to prevent accidental seepage of hydrocarbon or leakage of hazardous substances; properly reinforce dug out portions and protect from rainfall; and ensure fill materials are free from possible contamination and where available, source materials around the project area.
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The development objective of the Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project for Nigeria is to improve the capacity of Oyo State to effectively manage flood risk in the city of Ibadan.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) providing enlightenment forums to community members from the preparatory stage and on potential environmental and social concerns from civil works; (2) traffic control measures to include: strict enforcement of speed limits, use of appropriate road safety signage’s and signalers, and minimization of movement at peak hours of the day; (3) provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers; emergency contingency plans; education of workers; incident and accident reporting; provision of first aid onsite; (4) ensure exhaust fumes from vehicles conform to applicable national standards and specifications; (5) maintain equipment and machineries adequately to reduce; (6) avoid removal of vegetation and trees to the extent possible; and (7) regular inspection of the project sites will be needed.
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The development objective of the Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project for Nigeria is to improve the capacity of Oyo State to effectively manage flood risk in the city of Ibadan.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) providing enlightenment forums to community members from the preparatory stage and on potential environmental and social concerns from civil works; (2) traffic control measures to include: strict enforcement of speed limits, use of appropriate road safety signage’s and signalers, and minimization of movement at peak hours of the day; (3) provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers; emergency contingency plans; education of workers; incident and accident reporting; provision of first aid onsite; (4) ensure exhaust fumes from vehicles conform to applicable national standards and specifications; (5) maintain equipment and machineries adequately to reduce; (6) avoid removal of vegetation and trees to the extent possible; and (7) regular inspection of the project sites will be needed.
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This paper looks at the impact of members' ability to switch pension fund provider and /or portfolio on the allocation of pension funds to long-term investments.
... See More + The level of annual turnover in pension fund portfolios was compared with the amount of short-term investments (using government treasury bills and bank deposits as proxy). The investment regulations around switching and other market conduct were then considered. The paper finds that greater movements between pension fund providers and between portfolios is linked to increased holdings of short-term and more liquid assets. Switching appears to be driven by competition, market structure, and investment advice, and, unfortunately, frequently results in poor investment returns for members. The paper makes six recommends for regulators. First, use administrative controls to prevent fraudulent switching between pension providers. Second, provide clear performance and cost comparisons to inform members' choice of provider/fund and encourage informed decision making, which is beneficial for members and the system. Third, supervise and control advertising and marketing (including reporting of performance periods) carefully, to avoid switches based on misleading advice. Fourth, control financial incentives for sales agents, so that switching advice is given in members' interest and not for commercial gain. Fifth, concentrate issuance in government securities, to create more liquid instruments. And sixth, conduct further research on the concept of a central liquidity pool to manage unexpected outflows.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8143 JUL 11, 2017
The objective of the Urban Development Project is to support Rwanda’s urbanization process by delivering basic services that will improve living conditions and promote local economic development.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: plots of land were measured by tape measure to determine the size. This will be done in the presence of the Displaced persons and the committee chosen to follow-up the asset inventory and valuation; houses were measured by tape measure, type and quantity of construction materials used on the houses will be determined, state of the structure also determined, all were done in the presence of the affected owner and valuation committee; crops valuation criteria based on area of coverage, in other cases number of standing crops and age; valuation is for annual crops since the seasonal crops shall be harvested by the time of project commencement. For those hiring or care taking for the actual land owner, compensation shall be written against those hiring or care taking of the land not to the land owners to avoid any misconduct by the land owners seize the compensation packages intended for those who hired the land; and all this data was entered into individual valuation field sheets for each plot of land and for each affected person. Each of these were verified by the valuation committee, verified by the affected person, who signed against the sheet. These sheets were signed off by the Cell and Sector authorities before they are sent to Muhanga District land commission for endorsement and for payment processing.
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The objective of the Urban Development Project is to support Rwanda’s urbanization process by delivering basic services that will improve living conditions and promote local economic development.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: plots of land were measured by tape measure to determine the size. This will be done in the presence of the Displaced persons and the committee chosen to follow-up the asset inventory and valuation; houses were measured by tape measure, type and quantity of construction materials used on the houses will be determined, state of the structure also determined, all were done in the presence of the affected owner and valuation committee; crops valuation criteria based on area of coverage, in other cases number of standing crops and age; valuation is for annual crops since the seasonal crops shall be harvested by the time of project commencement. For those hiring or care taking for the actual land owner, compensation shall be written against those hiring or care taking of the land not to the land owners to avoid any misconduct by the land owners seize the compensation packages intended for those who hired the land; and all this data was entered into individual valuation field sheets for each plot of land and for each affected person. Each of these were verified by the valuation committee, verified by the affected person, who signed against the sheet. These sheets were signed off by the Cell and Sector authorities before they are sent to Muhanga District land commission for endorsement and for payment processing.
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The objective of the Urban Development Project is to support Rwanda’s urbanization process by delivering basic services that will improve living conditions and promote local economic development.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: plots of land were measured by tape measure to determine the size. This will be done in the presence of the Displaced persons and the committee chosen to follow-up the asset inventory and valuation; houses were measured by tape measure, type and quantity of construction materials used on the houses will be determined, state of the structure also determined, all were done in the presence of the affected owner and valuation committee; crops valuation criteria based on area of coverage, in other cases number of standing crops and age; valuation is for annual crops since the seasonal crops shall be harvested by the time of project commencement. For those hiring or care taking for the actual land owner, compensation shall be written against those hiring or care taking of the land not to the land owners to avoid any misconduct by the land owners seize the compensation packages intended for those who hired the land; and all this data was entered into individual valuation field sheets for each plot of land and for each affected person. Each of these were verified by the valuation committee, verified by the affected person, who signed against the sheet. These sheets were signed off by the Cell and Sector authorities before they are sent to Muhanga District land commission for endorsement and for payment processing.
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The objective of the Urban Development Project is to support Rwanda’s urbanization process by delivering basic services that will improve living conditions and promote local economic development.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: plots of land were measured by tape measure to determine the size. This will be done in the presence of the Displaced persons and the committee chosen to follow-up the asset inventory and valuation; houses were measured by tape measure, type and quantity of construction materials used on the houses will be determined, state of the structure also determined, all were done in the presence of the affected owner and valuation committee; crops valuation criteria based on area of coverage, in other cases number of standing crops and age; valuation is for annual crops since the seasonal crops shall be harvested by the time of project commencement. For those hiring or care taking for the actual land owner, compensation shall be written against those hiring or care taking of the land not to the land owners to avoid any misconduct by the land owners seize the compensation packages intended for those who hired the land; and all this data was entered into individual valuation field sheets for each plot of land and for each affected person. Each of these were verified by the valuation committee, verified by the affected person, who signed against the sheet. These sheets were signed off by the Cell and Sector authorities before they are sent to Muhanga District land commission for endorsement and for payment processing.
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The potential for pension funds to contribute to capital markets and thereby economic growth has been argued on a theoretical basis and demonstrated empirically.
... See More + However, reforms fostering the development of funded pension systems have not had the economic impact hoped for in some countries. Pension fund portfolios in some cases have remained highly exposed to shorter-term assets, such as bank deposits and shorter-term government bonds. This, in turn, has led to relatively low investment returns, thereby potentially affecting income adequacy in retirement. This paper looks at the potential regulatory hurdles to long-term investment by pension funds, while also proposing international diversification and the creation of domestic investment opportunities to help portfolio diversification and ultimately improve the delivery of secure, adequate pensions.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8136 JUL 05, 2017
Climate and natural hazards can potentially have catastrophic impacts on the energy system of Afghanistan. The energy production in Afghanistan is dominated by hydro power generation, which is vulnerable to climate change because of the future competition for water resources between sectors and the risk of recurrent droughts.
... See More + The country is also prone to natural hazards, because of its physical configuration and a degraded environment. The major hazards impacting the energy system are long-term climate phenomena such as temperature rising, reduced terrain moisture, and water shortage; and natural hazards such as drought, flooding, landslides, avalanches, and earthquakes.
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Bolivia faces a unique opportunity to harness the benefits of urbanization and avoid the pitfalls that other countries have made in the past. The urbanization process in Bolivia is one of the last to occur in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean, while its rapid pace requires expeditious action in addressing the challenges associated with this transformation.
... See More + This note analyzes the urbanization process in Bolivia, proposes a new definition of intermediate cities, evaluates challenges and opportunities common to intermediate cities, and provides recommendations for action.
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The development objective of the Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project for Nigeria is to improve the capacity of Oyo State to effectively manage flood risk in the city of Ibadan.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) providing enlightenment forums to community members from the preparatory stage and on potential environmental and social concerns from civil works; (2) traffic control measures to include: strict enforcement of speed limits, use of appropriate road safety signage’s and signalers, and minimization of movement at peak hours of the day; (3) provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers; emergency contingency plans; education of workers; incident and accident reporting; provision of first aid onsite; (4) ensure exhaust fumes from vehicles conform to applicable national standards and specifications; (5) maintain equipment and machineries adequately to reduce; (6) avoid removal of vegetation and trees to the extent possible; and (7) regular inspection of the project sites will be needed.
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