The objective of the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP-1) is to reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities in Andhra Pradesh and Orissa to cyclone and other hydro meteorological hazards.
... See More + The project has organized its implementation capacity and project activities are fully committed, there is strong leadership and a focus within the Government of Odisha and Government of Andhra Pradesh. The 14-month extension, from October 2, 2017 (Parent Project) and October 31, 2017 (Additional Financing) to December 31, 2018 will enable the project to complete the implementation of the remaining works and substantially achieve its objectives including fully disbursing the remaining funds.
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India's fast-growing cities face three key challenges in improving public health outcomes. The first is the persistence of weak links in the chain -- notably, slums badly underserved with basic civic services -- that can pose public health threats to all.
... See More + Richer residents corner public resources, such as water and sanitation services, but their children's health indicators suggest they are deeply affected by contagion from the broader urban environment. The second challenge relates to devolution of services to elected bodies. Devolution works poorly for intangible and highly technical services, such as public health, where success is measured by the lack of (adverse) events. The third challenge is high fragmentation of services that directly affect health outcomes. In India, some cities have addressed these challenges more effectively than others have. This paper explores the management of municipal public health services in two major Indian metropolises with sharply contrasting health and sanitation indicators. The paper explains how Chennai mitigates these challenges through active service outreach to vulnerable populations, and a considered approach to devolution that distributes responsibilities appropriately between line agencies, technical personnel, and elected representatives. Services in Delhi are quite constrained. These policy lessons are pertinent to other Indian cities and beyond.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8197 SEP 18, 2017
Das Gupta,Monica; Dasgupta,Rajib; Kugananthan,P.; Rao,Vijayendra; Somanathan,Trikkur V.; Tewari,K.N.Disclosed
The Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Program (DRFIP) helps Middle Income Countries develop and implement comprehensive financial protection strategies that bring together different financial instruments to protect against disasters of different frequency and severity.
... See More + By securing the funds for disaster response in advance and putting in place the budget systems to rapidly and effectively execute them, this approach helps governments become more effective risk managers. The program for Middle Income Countries is structured around five main activities.
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Disasters—and their economic and social impacts—are on the rise. While disasters do not discriminate, they tend to have the greatest impact on the poorest.
... See More + These households have limited assets and limited capacity to absorb shocks, so disaster impacts can have long-lasting consequences for them. Furthermore, women and girls often bear brunt of direct (mortality rates higher among women) and indirect (negative impacts on nutrition and school performance are disproportionately high among girls) impacts of disasters. Rapid assistance during a crisis is essential to build the resilience and protect the welfare of poor and vulnerable households. Disaster risk finance (DRF) can play a role in ensuring that disaster response mechanisms react and respond quickly. The development objective of our work on Resilient Livelihoods is to increase the resilience of chronic and transitory poor households to disaster events.
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The questionnaire module was designed jointly by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nation (UN) habitat, and the World Bank, as custodians, with input from global land indicators initiative (GLII), GLDW, and Landesa.
... See More + It is intended to collect the essential data required for computation of sustainable development goals (SDG) 1.4.2 and 5.a.1. The tool, which aims to address all needs of both indicators, includes only the truly essential questions for these SDGs. The module may be expanded by NSOs or other agencies. An expanded module will be designed and shared in a guidebook by the World Bank. The module in this report is one version of the essential module. This assumes proxy respondents and a full parcel roster. Additional versions will be designed for individual-level data collection efforts and for other types of household surveys with proxy respondents that are not parcel based (such as consumption and expenditure, housing surveys etc.).
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As extreme weather events intensify due to climate change, it becomes ever more critical to understand how vulnerable households are to these events and the mechanisms households can rely on to minimize losses effectively.
... See More + This paper analyzes the impacts of the floods that occurred during the 2014/15 growing season in Malawi, using a two-period panel data set. The results show that while yields were dramatically lower for households severely affected by the floods, drops in food consumption expenditures and calories per capita were less dramatic. However, dietary quality, as captured by the food consumption score, was significantly lower for flood-affected households. Although access to social safety nets increased food consumption outcomes, particularly for those in moderately-affected areas, the proportion of households with access to certain safety net programs was lower in 2015 compared with 2013. The latter finding suggests that linking these programs more closely to disaster relief efforts could substantially improve welfare outcomes during and after a natural disaster. Finally, risk-coping strategies, including financial account ownership, access to off-farm income sources, and adult children living away from home, were generally ineffective in mitigating the negative impacts of the floods.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8189 SEP 08, 2017
Mccarthy,Nancy; Kilic,Talip; De La Fuente,Alejandro; Brubaker,JoshDisclosed
Combining nightlight data as a proxy for economic activity with remote sensing data typically used for natural hazard modeling, this paper constructs novel damage indices at the district level for Indonesia, for different disaster events such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the 2004 Christmas Tsunami.
... See More + Ex ante, prior to the incidence of a disaster, district-level damage indices could be used to determine the size of the annual fiscal transfers from the central government to the subnational governments. Ex post, or after the incidence of a natural disaster, damage indices are useful for quickly assessing and estimating the damages caused and are especially useful for central and local governments, emergency services, and aid workers so that they can respond efficiently and deploy resources where they are most needed.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8188 SEP 08, 2017
The objective of the GEF Sustainable Urban Transport Project for India is to encourage application of the National Urban Transport Policy and achieve a paradigm shift in India’s urban transport systems in favor of sustainable development, the GOI has applied to the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) to implement Sustainable Urban Transport Project (SUTP) in India.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: due to impact in livelihood loss, NRDA has constructed 3 small shops in the parking area of the pickup point; the allotment and agreement has been done on license basis by NRDA; vendors doing business in mobile kiosks in the entry road of pick up point; and alternative shops to continue business.
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The Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance Program (DRFIP), through its Disaster Risk Financing Analytics (DRF Analytics) function, aims to strengthen the financial management of climate and disaster shocks by providing quantitative financial and economic analysis and tools for risk-informed decision making.
... See More + Analytics bridges the gap between disaster risk data and risk-informed decision making. Catastrophe risk data and information lay the foundation for financial protection solutions against natural disasters. Data needs to be aggregated, refined and analyzed in order to inform decision making. Analytics translates technical data into usable information to inform and facilitate decision making.
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The context for WBG partnership with the Philippines has evolved since the launch of the CPS in 2014, driven by several key factors. First, the election of President Rodrigo Duterte in 2016 marked an important political transition.
... See More + Grounded in a strong election mandate, the government is aiming to leverage the solid position of the Philippine economy to scale up public investment for poverty reduction, job creation and economic growth. While inclusive growth and poverty reduction remain at the center of the Philippine development agenda, the government has proposed new approaches for attaining these objectives in the context of a wide-ranging legislative agenda. Second, the Philippines has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in Asia, with growing access to finance for development. As the Philippine government’s demands for WBG services evolve, there is increasing focus on the need to maximize WBG comparative advantages to help address the most complex development challenges facing the country, including deep poverty in areas that are conflict-affected, remote, and/or highly vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters. Third, the new Philippines Development Plan (PDP 2017-2022), launched in June 2017, reflects heightened ambition and aims to lift roughly six million Filipinos from poverty and to achieve upper middle income status by 2022. The PDP 2017-2022 also highlights a prominent priority of the government: delivering a comprehensive agenda for peace and development in conflict-affected areas. Challenges associated with conflict and internal security add urgency to the focus on accelerating gains in peace and development in the Philippines, particularly in conflict-affected areas in Mindanao. The CPS aims to promote inclusive growth, poverty reduction and shared prosperity across five Engagement Areas (EAs): (i) transparent and accountable government; (ii) empowerment of the poor and vulnerable; (iii) rapid, inclusive and sustained economic growth; (iv) resilience to climate change, environment, and disaster risk management; and (v) peace, institution building, and social and economic opportunity, with focus on conflict-affected areas in Mindanao. Dialogue with the government, partners and stakeholders affirm strong strategic alignment between the CPS and the PDP 2017-2022. WBG engagement for peace and development in Mindanao is also gaining new prominence. Looking ahead, WBG partnership for delivery on the PDP 2017-2022 will require building on the strengths of the WBG program, tackling implementation weaknesses, maximizing synergy across IBRD, IFC and MIGA, and addressing key risks.
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Country Assistance Strategy Document 117771 AUG 31, 2017
The development objective of the Tamil Nadu Sustainable Urban Development Project for India is to improve urban services delivery in participating urban local bodies (ULBs) in a financially sustainable manner and to pilot improved urban management practices in selected cities.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) based on the social categorization this project doesn't involve acquisition of private land and all the sites required for the project is free from encroachment, squatters, hawkers. (ii) The construction workers are basically migrant workers involving different type of skill required for each of the stage of the project; (iii)compensation for the private land will be paid by the local body; (iv) based on available sources, consultation with local authorities, local knowledge and/or observations.
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Transit subsidies in the urban area of Buenos Aires are high, amounting to a total of US$5 billion for 2012. They have been challenged on several counts: suspected of driving urban sprawl and associated infrastructure costs, diverting resources from system maintenance, and failing to reach the poor among others.
... See More + In this context, this paper examines the impacts of cost recovery fares under a range of different policy scenarios that could cushion the impact of fare increases. The alternative scenarios that are scrutinized are the uncompensated removal of the transit subsidy, its replacement by a lump sum transfer, and its replacement by two different construction subsidy schemes. Using a dynamic urban model (NEDUM-2D) calibrated for the urban area of Buenos Aires, all scenarios are assessed along four dimensions: (i) the efficiency/welfare impact on residents, (ii) the impacts on the internal structure of the urban area and sprawl, (iii) the impact on commuting-related carbon dioxide emissions, and (iv) the redistributive impacts, with a focus on the poorest households. A series of results emerge. First, there are consumption-related welfare gains for residents associated with replacing the transit subsidy by a lump sum transfer. Second, there are only moderate reductions in urbanization over time and thus infrastructure costs associated with the subsidy removal. Third, the replacement of the transit subsidy leads to only moderate increases in carbon dioxide emissions despite lower public transport mode shares, because households will chose to settle closer to jobs, thereby reducing commuting distances. Finally, the replacement of the transit subsidy by a lump sum transfer will lead to short-term harsh redistributive impacts for captive transit users in some areas of the urban area. Medium-term adjustments of land and housing prices will partially mitigate the negative impacts of higher transport costs for tenants, but will further hurt homeowners.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8166 AUG 14, 2017
