The objective of the Peri-Urban Commercial Vegetables Value Chains Project is to improve on the productivity and access to market by beneficiary vegetable farmers in selected peri-urban communities in Ghana.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the project must ensure that compensation payment is not only adequate and fair but is timely paid for the losses. The damage must be directly linked to the loss of land or the restriction of access. The compensation will take into account the infrastructures and superstructures value (buildings, walls, latrines, wells, etc.) as well as the loss of harvest, and forest species; loss of right of access; loss of eventual resources( trade and other formal or informal income making activities); involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized by considering variations in the design of the project; when it is impossible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be designed and implemented as sustainable development programs, by providing adequate resources for people displaced by the project to enjoy the benefits of the project. Displaced people must be consulted and should participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs; and displaced people should be assisted in their efforts to improve their living standard, or at least to restore it to its level before the displacement.
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The development objective of the South East Asia Disaster Risk Management (SEA DRM) Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Lower Mekong Sub-region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are included : (i) collection of primary data is paramount, as secondary data is usually not up-to-date; (ii) involvement of local people in a participatory community-based impact analysis is important to ensure that vulnerable people, including ethnic groups, are not excluded from the decision-making related to the new development; (iii) inclusion of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) awareness training is important in public awareness messaging; (iv) provision of information and messages in local people’s own language is important and the facilitator who explains the project should be speaking the local language; (v) measures to ensure that the affected ethnic groups receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate; (vi) measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse effects; (vii) grievance redress mechanisms accessible to the affected ethnic groups; (viii) assess the adequacy and feasibility of safeguard measures and documents. (ix) ensure inclusion and review of environmental and social safeguard issues and outcomes in mid-term and final sub-project evaluation and reporting, including concerning any lessons learned on the sustainability of each sub-project.
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The CAT‐DDO is designed to provide timely liquidity to a country facing a natural catastrophe and has been successfully deployed for seismic and hydro‐meteorological events.
... See More + Since the introduction of the CAT‐DDO in 2008, 12 operations have been approved, of which 6 remain undrawn, and 2 were partially drawn. The CAT‐DDO option can also be utilized for public health‐related shocks. Given the economic and social disruption that countries have recently faced due to health‐related shocks, and the likelihood that these might become more frequent, it would be beneficial to utilize the CAT‐DDO to combat public health‐related emergencies. CAT‐DDOs should be able to provide liquidity not only when an outbreak escalates to an emergency situation but also at an early stage to prevent an escalation. To ensure timely support for disease outbreaks additional liquidity may be needed at an early stage, to save lives and costs. As highlighted during the development of the Pandemic Emergency Financing facility (PEF), a country’s liquidity needs and the overall costs of a health emergency can dramatically increase the longer it takes to mount a substantial and comprehensive response. Drawdown triggers for the CAT‐DDO would thus need to be appropriately defined to cover both emergency situations and early stage interventions. Ideally the trigger would be located within a country’s own health emergency response system. In some cases, such as Costa Rica and Sri Lanka, national laws relating to disaster risk management already incorporate health related events, for which an emergency can be declared. As the CAT‐DDO provides budget support, the trigger would need to provide the authorizing environment to utilize public funds to combat the outbreak. The CAT‐DDO can usefully complement efforts to enhance health related preparedness as well as scale‐up support for health emergencies. The policy and institutional measures to strengthen preparedness and response, as well appropriate drawdown triggers, can be accommodated under the existing OP 8.60.
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Well-managed urbanization can accelerate Côte d’Ivoire’s ascent to middle-income status. Urbanization is not just about development of a single city within a country.
... See More + In fact, a country’s cities can be treated as a portfolio of assets, each differentiated by characteristics that include size, location, and density of settlement. Côte d’Ivoire’s small cities and market towns could be anchors generating scale economies for agribusiness. Whereas southwest regions strongly contribute to the production and export of cash crops, savanna areas can help scale up food and cereal production to supply urban centers domestically and regionally. In the long term, with the movement of the cocoa belt from eastern and central regions to the south (with an eye on the port of San-Pédro), climate change and international economic conditions might once more shift the heart of these cash-crop production areas. Given increasing regional disparities in Côte d’Ivoire, good connections between the agricultural hinterlands of secondary cities and strategic regional capital cities may help smallholders to modernize into agribusiness chains. This framework reflects the principles identified by stakeholders from national and subnational governments and the private sector, which helped to formulate a shared vision of urbanization in Côte d’Ivoire. These stakeholders believe that successful urbanization should lead to cities that are planned, structured, competitive, attractive, inclusive, and organized around development poles. The analysis and recommendations presented in this report benefited greatly from stakeholders’ inputs, through a validation workshop held in Abidjan in July 2015.
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Well-managed urbanization can accelerate Côte d’Ivoire’s ascent to middle-income status. Urbanization is not just about development of a single city within a country.
... See More + In fact, a country’s cities can be treated as a portfolio of assets, each differentiated by characteristics that include size, location, and density of settlement. Côte d’Ivoire’s small cities and market towns could be anchors generating scale economies for agribusiness. Whereas southwest regions strongly contribute to the production and export of cash crops, savanna areas can help scale up food and cereal production to supply urban centers domestically and regionally. In the long term, with the movement of the cocoa belt from eastern and central regions to the south (with an eye on the port of San-Pédro), climate change and international economic conditions might once more shift the heart of these cash-crop production areas. Given increasing regional disparities in Côte d’Ivoire, good connections between the agricultural hinterlands of secondary cities and strategic regional capital cities may help smallholders to modernize into agribusiness chains. This framework reflects the principles identified by stakeholders from national and subnational governments and the private sector, which helped to formulate a shared vision of urbanization in Côte d’Ivoire. These stakeholders believe that successful urbanization should lead to cities that are planned, structured, competitive, attractive, inclusive, and organized around development poles. The analysis and recommendations presented in this report benefited greatly from stakeholders’ inputs, through a validation workshop held in Abidjan in July 2015.
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The development objective of the Da Nang Sustainable City Development Project for Vietnam is to expand access of city residents to improved drainage, wastewater collection and treatment services, the arterial road network, and public transport in selected areas of Da Nang City.
... See More + This restructuring will remove the project performance indicators from the agreement to avoid further amendment in the future. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: increased ability to collect and treat water will contribute to improvement of environmental sanitation condition in order to ensure the health of people, gradually complete drainage planned targets of Danang city by 2030 and vision 2050; the project involves in improving drainage sewers systems, canals and lakes in urban and residential areas. Additional, adjustment items will contribute to improving the existing water drainage system, improving existing drainage infrastructure in residential areas, minimizing impacts of flooding in the case of getting adverse weather; according statistics in 2012, system (pilot) horizontal BRT of city when coming into operation, will attract major traffic amount. The change from personal vehicles (cars and motorcycles) to public transport will contribute to reducing significantly transport emissions and traffic accidents. Also, addition of items for underpass of Dien Bien Phu contributes to reducing traffic congestion at rush hours, reducing fuel consumption; and in general, the concentration of dust generated from excavated, backfilling activities can affect to the air. However, as construction works are often carried out in different stages and not concentrated in one place but scattered on the project site, the actual concentration level will be lower. Dust is highly concentrated in the construction area and the objects directly affected are the workers at the site and residents living near the ground leveling locations. The dust is only generated during construction and will disappear upon the construction is complete. Air pollution caused by dust will reduce upon the application of preventive measures such as spraying water onto the road; thus, the dust pollution caused by transport activities on road is rated at average level. In addition, during the construction, the Investor will require the construction contractors adopt appropriate measures to minimize dust generation.
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Despite impressive economic growth and increasing prosperity, cities in Mexico do not seem to have fully captured the benefits of urban agglomeration, in part because of rapid and uncoordinated urban growth.
... See More + Recent expansion of many Mexican cities has been distant, disconnected, and dispersed, driven mainly by large single-use housing developments on the outskirts of cities. The lack of a coordinated approach to urban development has hindered the ability of cities in Mexico to boost economic growth and foster inclusive development. It also has created a fissure between new housing developments and urban services, infrastructure, and access to employment. This Urbanization Review (UR) provides an analytical basis to understand how well-managed urban growth can help Mexican cities to capture the positive gains associated with urbanization. To this end, the authors analyze the development patterns of the one hundred largest Mexican cities using a set of spatial indexes. They then examine how the recent urban growth has affected the economic performance and livability of Mexican cities and offer recommendations for adjusting urban policy frameworks and instruments in ways that support sustainable spatial development and make cities more productive and inclusive.
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The book is structured as follows. Chapter two assesses the potential role of agricultural water management in increasing resilience to shocks in the drylands of SSA.
... See More + Chapter three reviews the current status of agricultural water management and irrigation, reviewing in turn improvements to rainfed agriculture, various forms of private irrigation, and larger-scale irrigation, both publicly developed schemes and schemes developed as partnerships between the public and private sectors. Drawing on the results of a separate study done by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in 2014, chapter four assesses the potential for irrigation development in SSA drylands. Chapter five evaluates the key challenges and constraints in exploiting the agricultural water management development potential to strengthen resilience. Chapter six proposes a strategic framework for developing agricultural water in the drylands and lays out approaches for turning policies and strategies into action plans and investment programs together with their costs. Finally, chapter seven summarizes key findings and recommendations.
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In many developing countries, environmental quality remains low and policies to improve it have been inconsistently effective. This paper conducts a case study of environmental policy, focusing on an unprecedented ruling by the Supreme Court of India, which targeted industrial pollution in the Ganga River.
... See More + Difference-in-difference estimations indicate that the ruling led to reductions in river pollution and one-month infant mortality. To look at the mechanisms of impact, the paper tests whether the identified health impact is fully explained by changes in pollution induced by the policy, and fails to reject that it indeed is. In so doing, the analysis also quantifies the adverse impact of water pollution on infant health and documents the persistence of such impacts in downstream communities.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS7799 AUG 19, 2016
On April 1, 2016 the Panel received a Request for Inspection (the ‘Request’) of the Bank-financed Urban Transport Transformation Project (the ‘Project’), raising concerns about the felling of trees for the Cuarta Etapa del Proyecto Corredor Troncal de Transporte San Jeronimo-Echeveste, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project in Leon, Mexico (hereinafter the "BRT Leon").
... See More + The Panel conducted extensive due diligence in line with its updated Operating Procedures/ to establish the admissibility of the Request. The Panel consequently decided not to register the Request as it confirmed that the alleged harm is not linked to a Bank financed Project. On April 1, 2016, the Panel received a Request for Inspection from a resident of Leon, Mexico, claiming to represent residents of 15 neighborhoods of the Boulevard Hidalgo affected by the BR T Leon. The Request claims harm to the environment resulting from the implementation of the BRT Leon. The Request argues that the number of trees felled for this project is unnecessarily high, and claims that there were three possible alternatives to mitigate the environmental impact of the project. The Request also raises concerns about corruption, inadequate Bank oversight, and intimidation by municipal authorities.
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Inspection Panel Notice of Registration 107741 AUG 03, 2016
This case study is part of a series prepared by the WorldBank’s Water Global Practice to highlight existing blended finance experiences in the water sector.
... See More + Blended finance refers to “the strategic use of development finance and philanthropic funds to mobilize private capital flows to emerging and frontier markets,” as per the OECD definition (WEF OECD, 2015). Concessional funds can be used in a catalytic manner to open up new opportunities for commercial financing, by providing technical assistance to borrowers and lenders to help them become more familiar with each other, help structure transactions,provide credit enhancement mechanisms, etc. Private capital flows can help with meeting immediate financing needs for investment in the water sector but ultimately need to be repaid. Repayable financing from private sources to the water sector can come in various forms, including as commercial bank loans, bondsor equity. To obtain such financing, water-sector actorsneed to be able to repay the borrowed amounts and the associated funding costs, which means that they need tobe deemed “creditworthy” by providers of finance. The Water and Sanitation Pooled Fund (WSPF) in Tamil Nadu issued a pooled bond to facilitate access to long-term domestic capital markets for small and medium Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to finance water and sanitation services .This enabled a grouping of 13 ULBs to overcome hightransaction costs and mobilize funds through a singlebond issuance. Debt was repaid from project cash flowsand from general ULB revenues. A multi-layered credit enhancement package was designed in order to extend the maturity of the bond and increase investor confidence.The different credit enhancement mechanisms included a debt service reserve fund capitalized by the state government, creation of individual ULB escrow accounts, a local debt service reserve fund, a State revenue intercept mechanism, and a partial credit guarantee from USAID.
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The development objective of the Social Management Framework for the South East Asia Disaster Risk Management (SEA DRM) Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Lower Mekong Sub-region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation mesures are included : (i) disasters increase women’s household and care-giving work dramatically for an extended period of time as housing and social infrastructure once destroyed is slowly replaced; (ii) promote appropriate labor-saving technologies for women and men, with special attention to reducing the drudgery of women for care-related tasks; (iii) men are exposed to different risks than women; Young boys have higher morbidity rates from poor hygiene, and migrating men are more exposed to infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Men’s mortality rates from motorized transport are higher; (iv) enhance the disaster-preparedness of public health services, including staff training, establishing stocks of essential medicines and bottled water, and developing public information systems; (v) limited health and transport infrastructure make women and children more vulnerable to access to care; (vi) lower educational levels limit access to health information; (vii) establish monitoring and information systems to monitor diseases and provide early warnings about disasters can help to improve resilience by influencing behavior; (viii) women and girls from vulnerable groups (the poor, ethnic minorities) living in remote cross-border locations are at a significantly higher risk of HIV infection; (ix) implement public awareness and education campaigns, targeted at and tailored for construction workplaces, entertainment establishments, transport corridors, and at-risk local communities; (x) Gender-based Violence (GBV) can be a major issue following disasters; there is evidence that violence against women, both from their intimate partners and other men, tends to increase; (xi) ensure that evacuation shelters and emergency housing are equally accessible to both women and men, and that women have adequate privacy and security; (xii) women are often marginalized or excluded from the decisions made throughout the disaster management cycle and the relevant policies; (xiii) engage women in disaster risk management and recovery decision-making; (xiii) possible pollution of water ways or ground water by petroleum products or solvents; (xiv) dust generated from civil work and transport of construction materials; (xv) possible pollution of water ways by solids; (xvi) quarries and borrow pits can have impacts on soils, water and the natural environment; (xvii) road accidents due to in adequate control of vehicle speeds and signs/signals;
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The development objective of the Social Management Framework for the South East Asia Disaster Risk Management (SEA DRM) Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Lower Mekong Sub-region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation mesures are included : (i) disasters increase women’s household and care-giving work dramatically for an extended period of time as housing and social infrastructure once destroyed is slowly replaced; (ii) promote appropriate labor-saving technologies for women and men, with special attention to reducing the drudgery of women for care-related tasks; (iii) men are exposed to different risks than women; Young boys have higher morbidity rates from poor hygiene, and migrating men are more exposed to infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Men’s mortality rates from motorized transport are higher; (iv) enhance the disaster-preparedness of public health services, including staff training, establishing stocks of essential medicines and bottled water, and developing public information systems; (v) limited health and transport infrastructure make women and children more vulnerable to access to care; (vi) lower educational levels limit access to health information; (vii) establish monitoring and information systems to monitor diseases and provide early warnings about disasters can help to improve resilience by influencing behavior; (viii) women and girls from vulnerable groups (the poor, ethnic minorities) living in remote cross-border locations are at a significantly higher risk of HIV infection; (ix) implement public awareness and education campaigns, targeted at and tailored for construction workplaces, entertainment establishments, transport corridors, and at-risk local communities; (x) Gender-based Violence (GBV) can be a major issue following disasters; there is evidence that violence against women, both from their intimate partners and other men, tends to increase; (xi) ensure that evacuation shelters and emergency housing are equally accessible to both women and men, and that women have adequate privacy and security; (xii) women are often marginalized or excluded from the decisions made throughout the disaster management cycle and the relevant policies; (xiii) engage women in disaster risk management and recovery decision-making; (xiii) possible pollution of water ways or ground water by petroleum products or solvents; (xiv) dust generated from civil work and transport of construction materials; (xv) possible pollution of water ways by solids; (xvi) quarries and borrow pits can have impacts on soils, water and the natural environment; (xvii) road accidents due to in adequate control of vehicle speeds and signs/signals;
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The development objective of the South East Asia Disaster Risk Management (SEA DRM) Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Lower Mekong Sub-region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are included : (i) collection of primary data is paramount, as secondary data is usually not up-to-date; (ii) involvement of local people in a participatory community-based impact analysis is important to ensure that vulnerable people, including ethnic groups, are not excluded from the decision-making related to the new development; (iii) inclusion of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) awareness training is important in public awareness messaging; (iv) provision of information and messages in local people’s own language is important and the facilitator who explains the project should be speaking the local language; (v) measures to ensure that the affected ethnic groups receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate; (vi) measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse effects; (vii) grievance redress mechanisms accessible to the affected ethnic groups; (viii) assess the adequacy and feasibility of safeguard measures and documents. (ix) ensure inclusion and review of environmental and social safeguard issues and outcomes in mid-term and final sub-project evaluation and reporting, including concerning any lessons learned on the sustainability of each sub-project.
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