The paper delves into the implications of a failure to account for rental regulation in the measurement of households' welfare, poverty, and inequality when using household surveys.
... See More + Exploiting previously unavailable data for the Egyptian case, the paper illustrates the long-lasting distortions in the rental market that the 1977 rental law has created. The paper finds evidence that earlier studies may have substantially underestimated households’ welfare in urban areas and overestimated urban poverty. National poverty rates show smaller corrections, as poverty is mainly a rural phenomenon in the Arab Republic of Egypt. An appropriate measure of welfare also led to downward corrections in inequality in urban Egypt, while increasing the inequality across regions. These effects counterbalance each other and nationwide inequality estimates are affected only slightly.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8152 JUL 20, 2017
The objective of the Urban Development Project is to support Rwanda’s urbanization process by delivering basic services that will improve living conditions and promote local economic development.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: plots of land were measured by tape measure to determine the size. This will be done in the presence of the Displaced persons and the committee chosen to follow-up the asset inventory and valuation; houses were measured by tape measure, type and quantity of construction materials used on the houses will be determined, state of the structure also determined, all were done in the presence of the affected owner and valuation committee; crops valuation criteria based on area of coverage, in other cases number of standing crops and age; valuation is for annual crops since the seasonal crops shall be harvested by the time of project commencement. For those hiring or care taking for the actual land owner, compensation shall be written against those hiring or care taking of the land not to the land owners to avoid any misconduct by the land owners seize the compensation packages intended for those who hired the land; and all this data was entered into individual valuation field sheets for each plot of land and for each affected person. Each of these were verified by the valuation committee, verified by the affected person, who signed against the sheet. These sheets were signed off by the Cell and Sector authorities before they are sent to Muhanga District land commission for endorsement and for payment processing.
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Ratings of Punjab Land Records Management and Information Systems Project for Pakistan were as follows: outcomes were satisfactory, risk to development outcome was low or negligible, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some of the lessons learned included: (i) Successful participation and communication strategies are impediment to major cultural and behavioral transformation; (ii) Technical innovation and candid analysis is fundamental to successfully develop a customized software adapted to local capacities and needs; (iii) The technical and social complexities inherent in land administration reform require a programmatic approach and design that is scalable; (iv) Political support to major transformational change depends on adequate strategies, the achievement of results and constant communication flows; and (v) Implementation in a limited geographical area provides important lessons and reduces transaction costs for country-wide replication.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR3719 JUN 21, 2017
Ratings of Punjab Land Records Management and Information Systems Project for Pakistan were as follows: outcomes were satisfactory, risk to development outcome was low or negligible, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some of the lessons learned included: (i) Successful participation and communication strategies are impediment to major cultural and behavioral transformation; (ii) Technical innovation and candid analysis is fundamental to successfully develop a customized software adapted to local capacities and needs; (iii) The technical and social complexities inherent in land administration reform require a programmatic approach and design that is scalable; (iv) Political support to major transformational change depends on adequate strategies, the achievement of results and constant communication flows; and (v) Implementation in a limited geographical area provides important lessons and reduces transaction costs for country-wide replication.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR3719 JUN 21, 2017
The housing deficit in Argentina is estimated to affect 6 million out of the 24 million households nationally. Macro-economic turmoil has contributed to this imbalance in two ways.
... See More + First, the continuous inflation and currency depreciation made real estate a refuge investment protecting the capital value of investors. Second, rapid inflation acts a strong deterrent to the provision of long term finance and in particular mortgages. The government overhauled the public housing assistance policy by launching a 2016-2019 integrated housing and habitat plan (plan integral de vivienda y habitat). This plan aims to stimulate the production, or to provide one million housing solutions through two programs: a neighborhood improvement program targeting informal settlements, and a credit-linked subsidy program, solucion casa propria, through which up-front subsidies are granted to first time home buyers who contract mortgages, thus leveraging the impact of public intervention with bank credit. The broad prohibition of indexation has for a long time stunted the provision of long term, finance. To successfully grow the mortgage market, banks need funding and tools to manage interest rate and liquidity risks - that is, in the absence of significant derivative markets, funding from the capital market. The eventual development of a mortgage bond market based on housing loan portfolios, will help to increase the supply of stable long term funding instruments.
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Working Paper 117110 JUN 01, 2017
.org;; 000012349:John Daniel Pollner:jpollner@worldbankDisclosed
The objectives of the Additional Financing for the Second Land Administration Project for Nicaragua are: (a) to strengthen the property rights of the population in the Project area through improved regularization, titling, and registry services; and (b) to improve Nicaragua's capacity to respond promptly and effectively to an eligible emergency.
... See More + The AF focuses on: (i) expanding the Integrated Cadastre Registry Information System (SIICAR) in Managua and Estelí; (ii) scaling-up cadastral, titling, and regularization services; (iii) strengthening municipal cadastre capacity; and (iv) supporting land administration studies and Project management, monitoring and evaluation. The AF will use the existing implementation arrangements, with the exception of two of the co-executing agencies, the National Institute for Development Information (INIDE) and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA), given that their activities will be completed under the original credit. To allow sufficient time to complete all AF activities, the project’s closing date will be extended by 18 months, from December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2020. The original credit’s closing date will not be extended. Disbursement estimates, components, costs, and the implementation schedule have been revised to reflect the scale-up of activities and extension of the closing date. The results framework is also updated to reflect the expanded scope of investments and additional implementation time.
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The development objective of the Improving Access to Affordable Housing Project for Mexico is to increase access to affordable housing for low-income beneficiaries.
... See More + The project comprises of three components. The first component, acquisition of housing units will enhance access to housing by assisting low-income beneficiaries to purchase their first new or existing housing unit in eligible locations through the provision of direct supports. The second component, self- production of housing units will enhance access to housing by assisting low-income beneficiaries in the design and construction of their housing units through the provision of direct support. The third component, strengthening urban management will foster the development of affordable housing through the carrying out of: (a) technical and analytical studies to assist in the formulation and revision of selected municipal urban planning instruments including, inter alia: (i) housing demand diagnostics; (ii) infrastructure requirement analysis to inform master plans for urban renovation and or densification; (iii) technical-prefeasibility studies; (iv) architecture urban design studies; and (v) financial structuring for affordable housing investments; and (b) citizen awareness campaigns and other dissemination and communication activities.
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This policy note assesses the performance of existing land administration and management (LAM) system in the Philippines in creating an environment for competitive cities.
... See More + It looks at the influence of LAM (including property rights) in the proper functioning of land markets in urban areas; the effectiveness of land use planning and regulations in shaping urban growth, reducing informality, and improving efficiency in use of space; and the impacts of property valuation and taxation practices in generating revenues to finance local development plans. LAM systems are a fundamental infrastructure for proper functioning of land markets. Well-functioning land markets facilitate investments and growth, improve land allocation, and develop financial markets. For land markets to work efficiently, they must be underpinned by land administration systems that define property rights; guarantee security of tenure; establish a mechanism for registering these rights within reasonable time and costs, and generate information to support property valuation and taxation. Well-defined property rights underpin security of transactions and investments in well-functioning land markets, as these reduce conflicts, decrease transaction costs, and provide incentives for the private sector to invest. Property valuation facilitates efficient disposal and proper compensation of land, equitable land and property taxation, and proper valuation of land as collateral assets. In addition, LAM systems are essential in land use planning that shapes urban growth, improves efficiencies in use and allocation of limited space, and in turn, enhances the performance of land markets. In metropolitan areas, coordinated land use planning is essential to achieve efficiency in service provision, enable connectivity and maximize the potential of agglomeration for city competitiveness. Effective land use planning enables timely provision of investments to influence the shape and pattern of land development. Well-functioning land market and efficient land use are important in creating sustainable and competitive cities.
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Ratings for the Real Estate Registration Project (RERP) for Tajikistan were as follows: outcomes were not applicable, risk to development outcome was not applicable, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately unsatisfactory.
... See More + In a letter of January 4, 2017 Ministry of Finance (MOF) reiterated that State Unitary Enterprise for Registration of Immovable Property (SUERIP) was not able to accept the terms and conditions of the subsidiary agreement under the project and that MOF wished to redirect the funds from RERP to another project. This was later discussed with the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Vice President in a meeting on January 17, 2017 with the First Deputy Prime Minister, and again during a meeting between the Country Manager and the Chairman of the State Committee for Land Management and Geodesy (SCLMG) on February 13, 2017. During the latter meeting, it was confirmed that the Government of Tajikistan did not wish to proceed with the project. Based on the project’s failure to become effective a cancelation notice was sent on March 17, 2017 effective January 5, 2017. The main implication of the failure of the project to become effective is that SUERIP and the citizens of Tajikistan will not benefit from the project activities to implement a land administration system and the investment the project will have provided to modernize the system.
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The objectives of the East-West Highway Corridor Improvement Project are to: (i) reduce road user costs along the section upgraded under the project; and (ii) strengthen the capacity of the Roads Department (RD) and the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development (MESD) to manage the road network and provide an enabling environment to improve logistics services.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: develop fair and transparent procedures, as defined in the entitlement matrix in this RAP to determine compensation for (i) temporary loss of land/ assets during construction; (ii) permanent acquisition of land and assets; and (iii) restrictions on use of land that may be applied to areas adjoining the corridor; acquire land (or right to use land) through negotiated agreements and with the use of the power of eminent domain only as a last resort. Even if PAPs agree to negotiate and reach an agreement, they are still covered under this RAP and WB due diligence requirement; upon completion of construction, restore land as best as possible to its original condition in the event of temporary disruption so as to enable landowners/users/lessees to resume their pre-project activities; keep affected people and communities fully informed about the project, the process that will be followed to acquire and compensate for land, and their related rights and avenues for redress; ensure that grievances PAPs may have will be redressed adequately and that solutions in line with principles laid out in this RAP be employed; all PAPs, without regard to legal status of property, will receive support of various kinds, as per the principles set out in the entitlement matrix, to assist them in their efforts to maintain their livelihoods and standards of living prevailing prior to the project. Those who illegally own land will not be compensated for loss of land, but will receive compensation for loss of other assets which had been established on their own finance, and for loss of income such that they are also assisted in their efforts to maintain their livelihoods. PAPs will be notified of the project implementation schedule and consulted regarding the principles of land acquisition and loss of or damage to assets; and damages to assets, such as standing crops, trees, fences and kiosks, and loss of income, including loss of harvest, will be minimized, and where inevitable, will be compensated without regard to legal status of ownership according to the Entitlement Matrix provided in this RAP.
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The development objective of the Nairobi Metropolitan Services Improvement Project for Kenya is to strengthen urban services and infrastructure in the Nairobi metropolitan region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) cash compensation of all immoveable developments on the affected land, such as structures; (2) replacement of lost land by agricultural land of similar potential under similar customary tenure arrangements - cash compensation for land or non - cash compensation of land; (3) resettlement house of similar or better quality on a resettlement plot and cash compensation of the lost house per Kenyan law at full replacement value; and (4) cash compensation of standing perennial crops at replacement value and of non-perennial crops at market value.
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The development objective of the Real Estate Management Project is to improve the efficiency, transparency and reliability of Serbia’s real property management systems.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) adequate warning tapes and information signs around the new construction need to be provided and maintained during the civil works; (ii) identify the hazardous and non-hazardous waste and separate them at the construction site; (iii) transportation vehicles should be enclosed to avoid potential leakage; (iv) the vehicles that are excessively noisy shall not be operated until corrective measures have been taken; and (v) vehicles and construction machinery will be required to be properly maintained and to comply with relevant emission standards.
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The development objective of the National Affordable Housing Program Project aims to improve access to affordable housing through a mix of demand and supply side interventions targeting both lower-middle income and lower-income households.
... See More + The projects are comprises into three components. The first components mortgage-linked down payment assistance targets lower middle income households that are unable to access commercial mortgage finance for home purchase without public assistance. The second component, home improvement assistance targets the bottom 40 percent of Indonesian households that require home improvement rather than home purchase solutions and for whom the market for commercial mortgage finance is un affordable even with deep assistance enhancements. The third component, technical assistance for housing policy reform will finance a technical assistance to support policy reform, improved governance and enhanced capacity in the housing sector.
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The development objective of the Integrated Habitat and Housing Project for Argentina are to: (i) increase access to formal housing for eligible households; and (ii) improve living conditions for households in selected precarious urban settlements.
... See More + The project consists of four components are : First component, increased access to formal housing will finance the provision of up-front subsidies to selected beneficiaries . It will support the roll-out of the first nation-wide demand-driven housing subsidy program, the Solucion Casa Propia Program (SCPP). Second component, integrated habitat improvement will finance subproject interventions in precarious urban settlements that meet basic eligibility criteria. Each subproject will aim to transform the settlements (both physically and socially) through integrated interventions to provide secure legal tenure, access to basic services, public spaces, community infrastructure, works to reduce environmental risks, including those related to climate change and social programs, such as gender specific programs. Each subproject will be designed and implemented in a participatory manner (consultations will include the GOA, civil society and private sector service providers), leveraging existing programs and services. Third component, institutional strengthening is to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Federal, Provincial and Municipal governments in the housing, habitat and urban sectors through, inter alia, the provision of support to strengthen SVH’s capacity to implement the project, including: (a) carrying out of assessments of the existing national-level housing initiatives; (b) design and implementation of an evaluation study for SCPP; (c) provision of support for the design and implementation of the management, operational and reporting systems for federal housing programs; (d) strengthening land regularization processes, improving urban design and sustainability of basic services and improving economic, cultural and social aspects of the subprojects under Component 2; and (e) carrying out of capacity building and training activities for the national and local governments’ staff and the participating entity’s staff for subproject preparation, in line with the National Habitat Plan; Fourth component, project management will finance support for the management, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the Project, including, inter alia: (a) carrying out of the Project audits; (b) conducting outreach campaigns to disseminate the Project; (c) carrying out of mid-term and final impact evaluation surveys to evaluate the Project’s impact; (d) provision of technical support on procurement, safeguards and financial management requirements, including the hiring of the National Coordination Unit (UCN) staff; and (e) financing of Operating Costs.
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The development objective of the Integrated Habitat and Housing Project for Argentina are to: (i) increase access to formal housing for eligible households; and (ii) improve living conditions for households in selected precarious urban settlements.
... See More + The project consists of four components are : First component, increased access to formal housing will finance the provision of up-front subsidies to selected beneficiaries . It will support the roll-out of the first nation-wide demand-driven housing subsidy program, the Solucion Casa Propia Program (SCPP). Second component, integrated habitat improvement will finance subproject interventions in precarious urban settlements that meet basic eligibility criteria. Each subproject will aim to transform the settlements (both physically and socially) through integrated interventions to provide secure legal tenure, access to basic services, public spaces, community infrastructure, works to reduce environmental risks, including those related to climate change and social programs, such as gender specific programs. Each subproject will be designed and implemented in a participatory manner (consultations will include the GOA, civil society and private sector service providers), leveraging existing programs and services. Third component, institutional strengthening is to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Federal, Provincial and Municipal governments in the housing, habitat and urban sectors through, inter alia, the provision of support to strengthen SVH’s capacity to implement the project, including: (a) carrying out of assessments of the existing national-level housing initiatives; (b) design and implementation of an evaluation study for SCPP; (c) provision of support for the design and implementation of the management, operational and reporting systems for federal housing programs; (d) strengthening land regularization processes, improving urban design and sustainability of basic services and improving economic, cultural and social aspects of the subprojects under Component 2; and (e) carrying out of capacity building and training activities for the national and local governments’ staff and the participating entity’s staff for subproject preparation, in line with the National Habitat Plan; Fourth component, project management will finance support for the management, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the Project, including, inter alia: (a) carrying out of the Project audits; (b) conducting outreach campaigns to disseminate the Project; (c) carrying out of mid-term and final impact evaluation surveys to evaluate the Project’s impact; (d) provision of technical support on procurement, safeguards and financial management requirements, including the hiring of the National Coordination Unit (UCN) staff; and (e) financing of Operating Costs.
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The development objective of the Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project for India is to clarify the principles, processes, and design criteria to be applied for sub-projects and describe the organizational arrangements.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are include : a) least disturbance to the owners of the land and other affected families and provide just and fair compensation to the affected families and rehabilitation and resettlement to project displaced families; b) Project affected area shall be notified and social impact assessment study shall be finalized duly conducting public hearing and an appraisal shall be made by an expert group; c)minimum area of land required for the project shall be proposed; d) rehabilitation and resettlement schemes shall be drafted and finalized duly conducting public hearing or consultations. The resettlement plans will comply with the principles outlined in this RPF adopted for the project; e) vulnerable families will be identified and provided additional support in their efforts to improve their living standards under ongoing programmes of State or Central government through line departments; f) care should be taken to see balancing of food security; g) forced evictions will be avoided and due process will be followed for shifting the people after payment of compensation and other benefits; h) options will be provided whenever possible in extending entitlements; i) all affected people will assisted irrespective of their legal status in their efforts to improve their living standards as per norms.
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