Oceans are an important source of wealth, at least 3 to 5 percent of global GDP is derived from the oceans, but their overall health is reaching a tipping point.
... See More + Close to a third of fish stocks are fully fished or overfished, climate change is impacting coastal and marine ecosystems through a variety of vectors, unbridled development in the coastal zone is causing erosion, widespread desalination in semi enclosed seas is threatening fauna and flora alike, and marine pollution, particularly from land-based sources is reaching such a proportion that its impacts cannot even be accurately measured. The role of healthy oceans in stabilizing climate and keeping the planet cool is now better understood, and increasingly given the prominence and visibility it deserves in the global action arena. It is also known that business as usual in the different economic sectors associated with coastal and marine ecosystems will have great environmental and social impacts, which are expected to disproportionally affect vulnerable groups of the population, particularly women and girls. This is reflected in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 - Life Below Water, which calls to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development. In this context, the concept of the Blue Economy is particularly relevant and applicable to STP. Different institutions have different definitions of the Blue Economy, which is understood by the Bank as the sustainable and integrated development of oceanic sectors in healthy oceans. There is growing recognition that overfishing, marine pollution, and coastal erosion, among other issues, are pushing oceans to a tipping point to the detriment of the millions who depend on healthy oceans for jobs, nutrition, economic growth, and climate regulation. Central to the Blue Economy approach is the recognition that social benefits should be maximized over the long-term, ensuring that the economic drivers that result from the sustainable use of ocean resources are maintained.
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Report 139096 JUN 26, 2019
Devine,Peter Augustus; Desramaut,Nicolas Benjamin Claude; Fountalbert, Charlotte deDisclosed
In 2018, Indonesia’s coordinated and prudent macroeconomic policy framework underpinned steadyeconomic growth, amid global volatility and several natural disasters.
... See More + Real GDP growth strengthened to 5.2 percent yoy in 2018 from 5.1 percent in 2017. Growth decelerated only slightly in Q1 2019, to 5.1 percent yoy. Quarterly GDP growth has been broadly stable, remaining within a narrow range of 4.9-5.3 percent yoy for 14 consecutive quarters. The drivers of growth shifted in Q4 2018 and Q1 2019, as investment growth decelerated from multi-year highs, and both private and government consumption picked up. Investment slowed because of inventory destocking and easing fixed investment growth due to delays in new public projects in response to current account concerns, political uncertainty ahead of the general elections, and deteriorating prices of thecountry’s key commodity exports and a maturing investment cycle in the mining sector. On the other hand, growth of private and government consumption gained on stronger spending by political parties and civil servant bonuses. Private consumption was also supported by low inflation and abuoyant labor market. Indonesia’s oceans can be leveraged to make a larger contribution to the economy, both through higher revenues from tourism and fisheries and by enhancing resilience to natural disasters and climate change. This edition therefore discusses the importance of the maritime economy to Indonesia’s economic development and presents the challenges and opportunities the country faces in leveraging the maritime economy for greater prosperity.
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The objective of the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program - Coral Triangle Initiative (COREMAP-CTI) Project is to institutionalize the COREMAP approach of a viable, decentralized and integrated framework for sustainable management of coral reef resources, associated eco-systems and bio-diversity for the welfare of the communities in the selected districts of the respective provinces in Indonesia.
... See More + Proposed revisions include: (i) adjusting the Project Development Objective (PDO) to incorporate ‘improve management effectiveness of priority coastal ecosystems’ (reflecting the focus of the restarted GEF-financed activities); (ii) changing the executing agency for all GEF-financed activities from MMAF to BAPPENAS and changing the executing agency for IBRD-financed activities related to scholarships from LIPI to BAPPENAS. In addition; (iii) including a demand driven grants mechanism to support on-the-ground management activities through experienced and established NGOs and other eligible organizations; (iv) adjusting the component and subcomponent structure and titles; (v) revising project activities to be consistent with the updated PDO and implementation arrangements, implementation progress to date, and government priorities including MMAF’s strategic and policy frameworks; (vi) modification of financial management, procurement, and disbursement arrangements, to reflect the changes in executing agencies; and (vii) an 18-month extension of the closing date.
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The development objective of the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program - Coral Triangle Initiative Project for Indonesia is to strengthen institutional capacity in coastal ecosystems monitoring and research to produce evidence-based resource management information.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) free, prior, and informed consultations will be conducted through a series of meetings, including separate group meetings for indigenous village leaders, indigenous men, and indigenous women, especially those who live in the zone of influence of the proposed work under the sub-project; (2) project implementing unit (PIUs) will be responsible for training designated staff or local authorities to undertake the work of consulting, screening, assessing, analyzing, and preparing indigenous peoples plan (IPP) and addressing any grievances; and (3) framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected indigenous communities during project implementation.
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The development objective of the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program - Coral Triangle Initiative Project for Indonesia is to strengthen institutional capacity in coastal ecosystems monitoring and research to produce evidence-based resource management information.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) wherever possible, activity designs should be conceived as development opportunities, so that project affected persons (PAPs) may benefit from the services and facilities created for, or by, project activities; (2) all PAPs are entitled to compensation for lost assets or loss of access to productive assets, or to alternative but equivalent forms of assistance in lieu of compensation; to ensure that they will not be worse-off due to the activity implementation; (3) the value of assets to be compensated for will be assessed by an independent appraisal team and institution as required in national regulation; (4) when cultivated land is acquired, effort should be made to provide land-for-land replacement. Replacement house plots, sites for relocating businesses, or replacement agricultural land should be of equivalent use value to the land that was lost; (5) PAPs should be consulted during the process of land acquisition and resettlement action plan (LARAP) preparation, so that their preferences are solicited and considered; and (6) methods by which PAPs can pursue grievances will be established, and information about grievance procedures will be provided to PAPs.
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The development objective of the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program - Coral Triangle Initiative Project for Indonesia is to strengthen institutional capacity in coastal ecosystems monitoring and research to produce evidence-based resource management information.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control and daily cleaning at construction sites, provision of adequate waste disposal services; (2) proper disposal of chemicals and other hazardous materials; (3) dust control by water, appropriate design and siting, restrictions on construction to certain times; (4) proper siting of facility and latrines in relation to water sources, maintenance of latrines; (5) provision of basic safety training and equipment, first aid facilities, or materials; and (6) proper guidance on mangrove and coral reef rehabilitation for loss of coastal ecosystems due to inappropriate rehabilitation methods.
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The development objective of the Caribbean Regional Oceanscape Project for Organization of Eastern Caribbean States is to strengthen capacity for ocean governance and coastal and marine geospatial planning in the participating countries.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts are include: (i) coastal forests are being replaced with formal or informal agricultural activities in low lying areas; (ii) current agricultural activities in upland watersheds cause harmful amounts of topsoil or pollutants to flow into estuaries and coastal waters; (iii) quota system need to be developed to manage exploitation of marine fish stocks; (iv) planned expansion of infrastructure in the coastal zone will stress ecosystem services or cause other negative environmental or social impacts; (v) coastal communities in Soubise and Marquis Grenada have been relocated away from the areas vulnerable to storm surges and flooding; (vi) loss of coastal forests and associated wildlife for residential development; (vii) increased housing development in coastal locations with high natural hazard risk exposure; (viii) increased extraction of surface fresh water will negatively impact agriculture, ecology of watersheds and nutrient upwelling in coastal zones; (ix) sand and gravel mining, although illegal in most cases, have negative effect on shoreline stability or sea-floor ecosystems in all OECS MS; (x) competition for agricultural lands as areas with highest solar insulation overlap with best arable flat lands; (xi) pollution from chemicals used in boat repair and maintenance; (xii) capacity assessment of coastal and marine resources to keep pace with the fast-growing rate of tourism sector is necessary; (xiii) potential pollution of remote uncontaminated areas; Some of the mitigation measures are include: (i) agricultural riparian buffer zones created along farms; (ii) environmental Education Strategy for agricultural sector across all education levels; (iii) economic instruments implemented for resource management; (iv) coastal development setback guidelines with climate change and sea level rise scenarios adopted; (v) wastewater treatment facilities with land-based options for final treatment and discharge of water; (vi) waste to energy plants to reduce demands in limited coastal lands; (vii) coastal wetland parks designed to allow for coastal flooding from both stormwater runoff, storm surge and sea level rise; (viii) protected areas of representative coastal forests created; (ix) wastewater treatment facilities integrated into housing development projects; (x) adopt policy for use of renewable energy for desalination projects and grid connect arrangements; (xi) adequate mining regulatory framework to include standards and best management practices for ecosystem restoration; (xii) location of shipping lanes and sensitive ecological areas must be mapped on marine spatial plans to determine where they intersect and to zone uses appropriately for better management; (xiii) establish limits of acceptable change and carrying capacity for marine parks and conservation zones; (xiv) decision-support system for ecosystem-based approach to coastal and natural resources management;
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The development objective of Pathway to Sustainable Oceans Project for Tonga is to improve management of selected fisheries and aquaculture in the recipient's territory.
... See More + This project has four projects; 1) The first component, Strengthening Fisheries Governance, aims to improve fisheries governance in Tonga’s tuna longline, deep-water snapper and inshore commercial fisheries through priority interventions, including licensing and registration, and implementing fishing rights frameworks. It has the following subcomponents: (i) Strengthening Fisheries Compliance Capacity; and (ii) Monitoring, Control and Surveillance in Tonga’s Exclusive Economic Zone. 2) The second component, Strengthening the Knowledge Base for Fisheries and Aquaculture, aims to improve fisheries science for informed management decision-making to underpin the three selected fisheries and two aquaculture species supported by the Project. The component is organized in three sub-components:(i) Improving Fisheries Science for Decision-making of the Selected Fisheries; (ii) Developing High Potential Aquaculture Technologies; and (iii) Strengthening Tonga’s Special Management Area Program. 3) The third component, Investing in Sustainable Fisheries Management and Development, aims to strengthen sustainable fisheries management and development of the selected fisheries. 4) The fourth component, Supporting Effective Project Management, aims to ensure effective and efficient Project management through supporting the project management unit (PMU).
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