Following a couple of decades of offshoring, the fear today is of reshoring. Using administrative data on Mexican exports by municipality, sector and destination from 2004 to 2014, this paper investigates how local labor markets in Mexico that are more exposed to automation in the U.S. through trade fared in exports and employment outcomes.
... See More + The results show that an increase of one robot per thousand workers in the U.S. -- about twice the increase observed between 2004-2014 -- lowers growth in exports per worker from Mexico to the U.S. by 6.7 percent. Higher exposure to U.S. automation did not affect wage employment, nor manufacturing wage employment overall. Yet, the latter is the result of two counteracting forces. Exposure to U.S. automation reduced manufacturing wage employment in areas where occupations were initially more susceptible to being automated; but exposure increased manufacturing wage employment in other areas. Finally, the analysis also finds negative impacts of exposure to local automation on local labor market outcomes.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8741 FEB 14, 2019
This paper examines the role of industrial and occupational segregation in explaining the gender wage gap and its evolution in Georgia between 2004 and 2015.
... See More + It first documents the declining trends observed in the gender wage gap in Georgia during this period, commenting on some of the possible underlying factors driving such trends. It then presents evidence that employment patterns by industry and occupations are highly concentrated in the country and measures the degree of segregation using the Duncan index. Next, it analyzes if and how much industrial and occupational segregation have contributed to the gender wage gap and its decline by decomposing the gender wage gap into the within-category and between-category components. The results point to existing gender wage gaps within sectors, industries, and occupations being the primary drivers of the wage gap in Georgia, and find a smaller role of gender segregation per se in these categories.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8583 SEP 13, 2018
This paper examines the role of industrial and occupational segregation in explaining the gender wage gap and its evolution in Georgia between 2004 and 2015.
... See More + It first documents the declining trends observed in the gender wage gap in Georgia during this period, commenting on some of the possible underlying factors driving such trends. It then presents evidence that employment patterns by industry and occupations are highly concentrated in the country and measures the degree of segregation using the Duncan index. Next, it analyzes if and how much industrial and occupational segregation have contributed to the gender wage gap and its decline by decomposing the gender wage gap into the within-category and between-category components. The results point to existing gender wage gaps within sectors, industries, and occupations being the primary driversof the wage gap in Georgia, and find a smaller role of gender segregation per se in these categories.
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Working Paper (Numbered Series) 131474 SEP 01, 2018
This poverty diagnostic documents changes in welfare and living standards in the West Bank and Gaza over the period 2011 to 2017. Since the last poverty assessment for these territories, in 2011, the economic constraints facing them have worsened.
... See More + The 2011 poverty assessment covered the period from 2004 to 2009, spanning the end of the second Intifada, as well as the 2007 internal divide in Gaza. The current diagnostic draws on the 2011 and 2017 Palestinian expenditure and consumption surveys (PECS) to assess key welfare trends and highlight areas for further investigation. The principal goal of this is to be timely and actionable, given the worsening outlook in the territories and the urgency of an effective response.
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