This paper identifies four primary drivers of proactive disclosure throughout history. The first is the need to inform the public about laws and decisions and the public's right to be informed, to know their rights and obligations.
... See More + The second is the public's demand for the information needed to hold governments accountable both at and between elections. The third is the demand for information in order to participate actively in decision-making. The fourth is the provision to the public of information needed to access government services, which has expanded significantly in the past decade with growth of electronic access to services or 'e-government.' This paper attempts to advance the debate around that question by analyzing the multiple proactive disclosure provisions in national law and international treaties in order to identify the emerging global consensus on the classes of information which should be included in a proactive disclosure regime. The paper examines the practical challenges related to the implementation of proactive disclosure regimes and some of the lessons learned from which principles for making proactive disclosure work in practice can be derived. It concludes by identifying some future challenges and areas where additional research is needed.
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July 1, 2013, marked the beginning of World Bank's fourth year of implementing its Policy on Access to Information (AI Policy). In this fourth year, covering the period of July 1, 2013, through June 30, 2014 (FY 2014), the World Bank continued its efforts to maximize the public's access to Information in the World Bank's possession and to encourage, through its own activities, improved aid transparency across the development community.
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This Second and Third Phase of the Noor Concentrated Solar Power Project of Morocco aims to meet the needs of the process of energy production at the Ouarzazate solar raw water park from the Mansour Eddahbi dam.
... See More + This energy goes into the development of a national solar plan to develop solar resources in national hotspots. According to the analysis of potential impacts on the various elements of the biophysical and human environment, it turns out that the project will have a range of potential impacts of a low order during work on physical components of the environment. During the operating phase the operation of the plant Solar has a potential impact on the middle order from the water component and the structure of the landscape. This can be reduced by applying the mitigation measures identified in the monitoring plan and environmental monitoring. Furthermore, the project will have positive impacts on all elements of the environment according to the phases of the project.
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This Second and Third Phase of the Noor Concentrated Solar Power Project of Morocco aims to meet the needs of the process of energy production at the Ouarzazate solar raw water park from the Mansour Eddahbi dam.
... See More + This energy goes into the development of a national solar plan to develop solar resources in national hotspots. According to the analysis of potential impacts on the various elements of the biophysical and human environment, it turns out that the project will have a range of potential impacts of a low order during work on physical components of the environment. During the operating phase the operation of the plant Solar has a potential impact on the middle order from the water component and the structure of the landscape. This can be reduced by applying the mitigation measures identified in the monitoring plan and environmental monitoring. Furthermore, the project will have positive impacts on all elements of the environment according to the phases of the project.
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This solar modeling report gives an overview on the results achieved by modeling the solar radiation based on satellite data in phase one of the solar resource mapping project for Pakistan.
... See More + The project consists of three phases where within phase one capacity building is conducted, a site selection process for setting up measurement sites is undertaken, workshops are held, and an un-validated solar atlas based on satellite data for Pakistan is processed. The interim result of the solar atlas is presented in this report. The main focus is set on the multi-year annual sum and the monthly sums of the parameters global horizontal irradiance (GHI), direct normal irradiance (DNI), and diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI) in kWh/m². This report presents introduction in chapter one, satellite specifications and a short approach of methodology in chapter two. Chapter three, a short overview over the climate of Pakistan and an introduction to solar radiation and the radiation budget is presented followed by interim results of phase one modelling. Chapter four give an overview over the regional and seasonal dust outbreaks in western Pakistan and focus on the winter-fog regions in the northeast. Chapter five presents winter fog areas in Punjab and Sindh.
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This fourth volume of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement series is comprised of two parts and provides step-by-step details on how to analyze data collected in a national assessment.
... See More + Part I provides a general introduction to statistical analyses normally carried out in large-scale assessments, measuring central tendency and dispersion of student scores and relationships between variables. Part II describes IATA (Item and Test Analysis) software, which uses classical test and item response theories to establish scales on which to report student scores. Steps in the analysis of pilot and final test administrations are described in detail. Today's global knowledge economy requires governments, education systems, and schools to closely monitor a variety of educational outcomes, including student achievements. A national assessment of student achievement in key curriculum areas contributes to this effort by addressing issues relating to: quality; equity; provision; and change.
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Publication 94732 FEB 01, 2015
Cartwright,Fernando; Greaney, Vincent [editor]; Kellaghan, Thomas [editor]; Shiel, GerrySpanish,
Portuguese,
Russian,
FrenchDisclosed
Some of the headings included in this issue of the Development Economics Prospects Group (DECPG) daily economic news are as follows: financial markets; high income economies; and developing economies in East Asia and Pacific, and Latin America and Caribbean.
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This issue of the international centre for settlement of investment disputes (ICSID) caseload: statistics (special focus - European Union (EU)) provides an overview of the ICSID caseload involving member states of the EU.
... See More + It is based on ICSID cases registered as of March 1, 2014. This document looks at cases involving an EU member state as the state party to the dispute and illustrates the number of cases registered, the type of cases registered, the basis of consent to ICSID jurisdiction invoked in such cases, the economic sectors involved, and the geographic origin and type of investors involved in such cases. It also contains data on outcomes in arbitration proceedings involving an EU member state, including further information on disputes decided by tribunals and on settled or discontinued cases. It also contains data on outcomes in ICSID arbitration proceedings involving an investor from an EU member state, including further information on disputes decided by tribunals and on settled or discontinued cases. Finally, this document looks at the nationalities and geographic origins of arbitrators, conciliators, and ad hoc committee's members appointed in all ICSID cases. The analysis considers all ICSID cases involving an EU member state irrespective of their date of registration.
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This document reports on the methods used in phase 1 of the ESMAP wind mapping project for Pakistan. The interim mesoscale modelling results were calculated by output from simulations of the Weather, Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.
... See More + The method used to run the mesoscale simulations and to generalize the WRF model wind climatologies are documented. Four meteorological mast measurement sin the coastal Sindh province have been used to give a preliminary validation in a limited area.
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This issue of the international centre for settlement of investment disputes (ICSID) caseload: statistics updates the profile of the ICSID caseload, historically and for the center's fiscal year 2014.
... See More + It is based on cases registered or administered by ICSID as of June 30, 2014. This document illustrates: the number of cases registered under the ICSID convention and additional facility rules; the number of other cases administered by the ICSID secretariat; the basis of consent to ICSID jurisdiction invoked in registered arbitration and conciliation cases; the geographic distribution of ICSID cases by the state party to the dispute; and the economic sectors involved in ICSID disputes. It also contains data on outcomes in ICSID arbitration and conciliation proceedings, including further information on disputes decided by arbitral tribunals, data on discontinued ICSID arbitration proceedings, and outcomes to date in annulment proceedings under the ICSID convention. The nationalities and geographic origins of arbitrators, conciliators, and ad hoc committee members appointed in ICSID cases are also featured.
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This issue of the international centre for settlement of investment disputes (ICSID) caseload: statistics updates the profile of the ICSID caseload, historically and for the center's fiscal year 2014.
... See More + It is based on cases registered or administered by ICSID as of June 30, 2014. This document illustrates: the number of cases registered under the ICSID convention and additional facility rules; the number of other cases administered by the ICSID secretariat; the basis of consent to ICSID jurisdiction invoked in registered arbitration and conciliation cases; the geographic distribution of ICSID cases by the state party to the dispute; and the economic sectors involved in ICSID disputes. It also contains data on outcomes in ICSID arbitration and conciliation proceedings, including further information on disputes decided by arbitral tribunals, data on discontinued ICSID arbitration proceedings, and outcomes to date in annulment proceedings under the ICSID convention. The nationalities and geographic origins of arbitrators, conciliators, and ad hoc committee members appointed in ICSID cases are also featured.
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This issue of the international centre for settlement of investment disputes (ICSID) caseload: statistics (special focus - European Union (EU)) provides an overview of the ICSID caseload involving member states of the EU.
... See More + It is based on ICSID cases registered as of March 1, 2014. This document looks at cases involving an EU member state as the state party to the dispute and illustrates the number of cases registered, the type of cases registered, the basis of consent to ICSID jurisdiction invoked in such cases, the economic sectors involved, and the geographic origin and type of investors involved in such cases. It also contains data on outcomes in arbitration proceedings involving an EU member state, including further information on disputes decided by tribunals and on settled or discontinued cases. It also contains data on outcomes in ICSID arbitration proceedings involving an investor from an EU member state, including further information on disputes decided by tribunals and on settled or discontinued cases. Finally, this document looks at the nationalities and geographic origins of arbitrators, conciliators, and ad hoc committee's members appointed in all ICSID cases. The analysis considers all ICSID cases involving an EU member state irrespective of their date of registration.
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It is widely recognized that broadband is of fundamental importance to the social and economic development of a nation. The focus of the paper is on infrastructure-related actions; measures to stimulate demand for broadband are, therefore, only marginally addressed.
... See More + This paper aims to provide a platform for debate with the Russian counterparts in the sector, and to discuss the measures needed to develop broadband in support of actions aimed at economic growth. This paper examines the broadband market in Russia and preconditions for its sustainable development. It begins by presenting arguments demonstrating the importance of broadband to the overall economic development of Russia, including from the perspective of diversification of the economy and new job creation. The paper benchmarks Russias broadband performance with Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) comparators, as well as with other nations leading the way in broadband diffusion. The paper takes stock of the existing broadband market structure in Russia and its main players as they stand today, including the regulatory and legal environment of the market for both fixed and mobile broadband. Finally, the paper provides a set of recommendations that addresses the issue of sustainability in Russian broadband delivery, and how it can continue its acceleration in the years to come.
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This issue of the international centre for settlement of investment disputes (ICSID) caseload: statistics updates the profile of the ICSID caseload, historically and for the center's fiscal year 2014.
... See More + It is based on cases registered or administered by ICSID as of June 30, 2014. This document illustrates: the number of cases registered under the ICSID convention and additional facility rules; the number of other cases administered by the ICSID secretariat; the basis of consent to ICSID jurisdiction invoked in registered arbitration and conciliation cases; the geographic distribution of ICSID cases by the state party to the dispute; and the economic sectors involved in ICSID disputes. It also contains data on outcomes in ICSID arbitration and conciliation proceedings, including further information on disputes decided by arbitral tribunals, data on discontinued ICSID arbitration proceedings, and outcomes to date in annulment proceedings under the ICSID convention. The nationalities and geographic origins of arbitrators, conciliators, and ad hoc committee members appointed in ICSID cases are also featured.
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